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Oppermann H, Thelen A, Haueisen J. Single-trial EEG analysis reveals burst structure during photic driving. Clin Neurophysiol 2024; 159:66-74. [PMID: 38350295 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Photic driving in the human visual cortex evoked by intermittent photic stimulation is usually characterized in averaged data by an ongoing oscillation showing frequency entrainment and resonance phenomena during the course of stimulation. We challenge this view of an ongoing oscillation by analyzing unaveraged data. METHODS 64-channel EEGs were recorded during visual stimulation with light flashes at eight stimulation frequencies between 7.8 and 23 Hz for fourteen healthy volunteers. Time-frequency analyses were performed in averaged and unaveraged data. RESULTS While we find ongoing oscillations in the averaged data during intermittent photic stimulation, we find transient events (bursts) of activity in the unaveraged data. Both resonance and entrainment occur for the ongoing oscillations in the averaged data and the bursts in the unaveraged data. CONCLUSIONS We argue that the continuous oscillations in the averaged signal may be composed of brief, transient bursts in single trials. Our results can also explain previously observed amplitude fluctuations in averaged photic driving data. SIGNIFICANCE Single-trial analyses might consequently improve our understanding of resonance and entrainment phenomena in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Oppermann
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany.
| | - Antonia Thelen
- eemagine Medical Imaging Solutions GmbH, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jens Haueisen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany; Department of Neurology, Biomagnetic Center, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.
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2
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Gautam D, Raza MU, Miyakoshi M, Molina JL, Joshi YB, Clayson PE, Light GA, Swerdlow NR, Sivarao DV. Click-train evoked steady state harmonic response as a novel pharmacodynamic biomarker of cortical oscillatory synchrony. Neuropharmacology 2023; 240:109707. [PMID: 37673332 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Sensory networks naturally entrain to rhythmic stimuli like a click train delivered at a particular frequency. Such synchronization is integral to information processing, can be measured by electroencephalography (EEG) and is an accessible index of neural network function. Click trains evoke neural entrainment not only at the driving frequency (F), referred to as the auditory steady state response (ASSR), but also at its higher multiples called the steady state harmonic response (SSHR). Since harmonics play an important and non-redundant role in acoustic information processing, we hypothesized that SSHR may differ from ASSR in presentation and pharmacological sensitivity. In female SD rats, a 2 s-long train stimulus was used to evoke ASSR at 20 Hz and its SSHR at 40, 60 and 80 Hz, recorded from a prefrontal epidural electrode. Narrow band evoked responses were evident at all frequencies; signal power was strongest at 20 Hz while phase synchrony was strongest at 80 Hz. SSHR at 40 Hz took the longest time (∼180 ms from stimulus onset) to establish synchrony. The NMDA antagonist MK801 (0.025-0.1 mg/kg) did not consistently affect 20 Hz ASSR phase synchrony but robustly and dose-dependently attenuated synchrony of all SSHR. Evoked power was attenuated by MK801 at 20 Hz ASSR and 40 Hz SSHR only. Thus, presentation as well as pharmacological sensitivity distinguished SSHR from ASSR, making them non-redundant markers of cortical network function. SSHR is a novel and promising translational biomarker of cortical oscillatory dynamics that may have important applications in CNS drug development and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepshila Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37604, USA
| | - Muhammad Ummear Raza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37604, USA
| | - M Miyakoshi
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J L Molina
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; VISN 22 MIRECC, SD Veterans Administration Health System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Y B Joshi
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; VISN 22 MIRECC, SD Veterans Administration Health System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - P E Clayson
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - G A Light
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; VISN 22 MIRECC, SD Veterans Administration Health System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - N R Swerdlow
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; VISN 22 MIRECC, SD Veterans Administration Health System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Digavalli V Sivarao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37604, USA.
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3
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Schielke A, Krekelberg B. Steady state visual evoked potentials in schizophrenia: A review. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:988077. [PMID: 36389256 PMCID: PMC9650391 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.988077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, researchers have explored altered rhythmic responses to visual stimulation in people with schizophrenia using steady state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs). Here we systematically review studies performed between 1954 and 2021, as identified on PubMed. We included studies if they included people with schizophrenia, a control group, reported SSVEPs as their primary outcome, and used quantitative analyses in the frequency domain. We excluded studies that used SSVEPs to primarily quantify cognitive processes (e.g., attention). Fifteen studies met these criteria. These studies reported decreased SSVEPs across a range of frequencies and electrode locations in people living with schizophrenia compared to controls; none reported increases. Null results, however, were common. Given the typically modest number of subjects in these studies, this is consistent with a moderate effect size. It is notable that most studies targeted frequencies that fall within the alpha and beta band, and investigations of frequencies in the gamma band have been rare. We group test frequencies in frequency bands and summarize the results in topographic plots. From the wide range of approaches in these studies, we distill suggested experimental designs and analysis choices for future experiments. This will increase the value of SSVEP studies, improve our understanding of the mechanisms that result in altered rhythmic responses to visual stimulation in schizophrenia, and potentially further the development of diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schielke
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
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4
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Campanella S, Arikan K, Babiloni C, Balconi M, Bertollo M, Betti V, Bianchi L, Brunovsky M, Buttinelli C, Comani S, Di Lorenzo G, Dumalin D, Escera C, Fallgatter A, Fisher D, Giordano GM, Guntekin B, Imperatori C, Ishii R, Kajosch H, Kiang M, López-Caneda E, Missonnier P, Mucci A, Olbrich S, Otte G, Perrottelli A, Pizzuti A, Pinal D, Salisbury D, Tang Y, Tisei P, Wang J, Winkler I, Yuan J, Pogarell O. Special Report on the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Clinical EEG and Research and Consensus Recommendations for the Safe Use of EEG. Clin EEG Neurosci 2021; 52:3-28. [PMID: 32975150 PMCID: PMC8121213 DOI: 10.1177/1550059420954054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The global COVID-19 pandemic has affected the economy, daily life, and mental/physical health. The latter includes the use of electroencephalography (EEG) in clinical practice and research. We report a survey of the impact of COVID-19 on the use of clinical EEG in practice and research in several countries, and the recommendations of an international panel of experts for the safe application of EEG during and after this pandemic. METHODS Fifteen clinicians from 8 different countries and 25 researchers from 13 different countries reported the impact of COVID-19 on their EEG activities, the procedures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and precautions planned or already implemented during the reopening of EEG activities. RESULTS Of the 15 clinical centers responding, 11 reported a total stoppage of all EEG activities, while 4 reduced the number of tests per day. In research settings, all 25 laboratories reported a complete stoppage of activity, with 7 laboratories reopening to some extent since initial closure. In both settings, recommended precautions for restarting or continuing EEG recording included strict hygienic rules, social distance, and assessment for infection symptoms among staff and patients/participants. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic interfered with the use of EEG recordings in clinical practice and even more in clinical research. We suggest updated best practices to allow safe EEG recordings in both research and clinical settings. The continued use of EEG is important in those with psychiatric diseases, particularly in times of social alarm such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Campanella
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et d'Addictologie, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), CHU Brugmann-Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Belgium
| | - Kemal Arikan
- Kemal Arıkan Psychiatry Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.,San Raffaele Cassino, Cassino (FR), Italy
| | - Michela Balconi
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bertollo
- BIND-Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Viviana Betti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ingegneria Informatica (DICII), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Martin Brunovsky
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany Czech Republic.,Third Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Carla Buttinelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Public Health and Sense Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Comani
- BIND-Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giorgio Di Lorenzo
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniel Dumalin
- AZ Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV, Campus Henri Serruys, Lab of Neurophysiology, Department Neurology-Psychiatry, Ostend, Belgium
| | - Carles Escera
- Brainlab-Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreas Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tübingen, Germany; LEAD Graduate School and Training Center, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases DZNE, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Derek Fisher
- Department of Psychology, Mount Saint Vincent University, and Department of Psychiatry, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Bahar Guntekin
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Claudio Imperatori
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Science, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ryouhei Ishii
- Department of Psychiatry Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hendrik Kajosch
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et d'Addictologie, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), CHU Brugmann-Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Belgium
| | - Michael Kiang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eduardo López-Caneda
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, Center for Research in Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Pascal Missonnier
- Mental Health Network Fribourg (RFSM), Sector of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy for Adults, Marsens, Switzerland
| | - Armida Mucci
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Sebastian Olbrich
- Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Department for Psychiatry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Andrea Perrottelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pizzuti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Pinal
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, Center for Research in Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Dean Salisbury
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yingying Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Paolo Tisei
- Department of Neurosciences, Public Health and Sense Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Istvan Winkler
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jiajin Yuan
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Oliver Pogarell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Aguilar DD, Strecker RE, Basheer R, McNally JM. Alterations in sleep, sleep spindle, and EEG power in mGluR5 knockout mice. J Neurophysiol 2019; 123:22-33. [PMID: 31747354 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00532.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR5) represents a novel therapeutic target for schizophrenia and other disorders. Schizophrenia is associated with progressive abnormalities in cortical oscillatory processes including reduced spindles (8-15 Hz) during sleep and increased delta (0.5-4 Hz)- and gamma-band activity (30-80 Hz) during wakefulness. mGluR5 knockout (KO) mice demonstrate many schizophrenia-like behaviors, including abnormal sleep. To examine the effects of mGluR5 on the maintenance of the neocortical circuitry responsible for such neural oscillations, we analyzed sleep/wake electroencephalographic (EEG) activity of mGluR5 KO mice at baseline, after 6 h of sleep deprivation, and during a visual method of cortical entrainment (visual steady state response). We hypothesized mGluR5-KO mice would exhibit translationally relevant abnormalities in sleep and neural oscillations that mimic schizophrenia. Power spectral and spindle density analyses were performed across 24-h EEG recordings in mGluR5-KO mice and wild-type (WT) controls. Novel findings in mGluR5 KO mice include deficits in sleep spindle density, wake alpha power, and 40-Hz visual task-evoked gamma power and phase locking. Sigma power (10-15 Hz), an approximation of spindle activity, was also reduced during non-rapid eye movement sleep transitions. Our observations on abnormal sleep/wake are generally in agreement with previous reports, although we did not replicate changes in rapid eye movement sleep. The timing of these phenotypes may suggest an impaired circadian process in mGluR5 KO mice. In conclusion, EEG phenotypes in mGluR5 KO mice resemble deficits observed in patients with schizophrenia. These findings implicate mGluR5-mediated pathways in several translationally relevant phenotypes associated with schizophrenia, and suggest that agents targeting this receptor may have harmful consequences on sleep health and daily patterns of EEG power.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5) knockout (KO) mice show several translationally relevant abnormalities in neural oscillatory activity associated with schizophrenia. These include deficits in sleep spindle density, sigma and alpha power, and 40-Hz task-evoked gamma power. The timing of these phenotypes suggests an impaired circadian process in these mice. Previously reported rapid eye movement sleep deficits in this model were not observed. These findings suggest mGluR5-enhancing drugs may improve sleep stability and sleep spindle density, which could impact memory and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Aguilar
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, Massachusetts
| | - Robert E Strecker
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, Massachusetts
| | - Radhika Basheer
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, Massachusetts
| | - James M McNally
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, Massachusetts
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Murphy M, Öngür D. Decreased peak alpha frequency and impaired visual evoked potentials in first episode psychosis. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 22:101693. [PMID: 30825710 PMCID: PMC6396327 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal spontaneous and evoked oscillations have been reported in several studies of patients with psychotic disorders. Resting alpha power and peak alpha frequency may be decreased in patients with psychosis. We used high-density EEG (hd-EEG) to record resting-state data and steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP) and healthy controls to compare brain resonances across multiple frequencies. We recorded hd-EEG (128 channels) from 22 FEP patients and 22 healthy controls during eyes-closed resting state and eyes-closed photic stimulation at 1 Hz, 4 Hz, 10 Hz, 20 Hz, and 40 Hz. Alpha power, peak alpha frequency, and SSVEP amplitude were analyzed using ANOVA and statistical non-parametric mapping. We found that FEP patients had lower peak alpha frequencies (9.72 Hz vs 10.40 Hz, p = .02, Cohen's d = 0.73) and this decrease was driven by slowing over the central and posterior scalp. There was no difference in alpha power. Alpha waves propagated primarily from anterior to posterior and that propagation was slowed in patients. During SSVEP, patients had smaller increases in EEG power in the stimulation band (F(1,184) = 5.3, p = .02). Patients had attenuated responses to SSVEP stimulation at alpha, beta and gamma frequencies. The gamma response was partially preserved in patients who also had depressive symptoms. We conclude that even in early stages of illness, psychotic disorders are associated with decreased alpha peak frequency and impaired evoked resonances. These findings implicate multiple patterns of dysconnectivity in cortico-cortico and cortico-thalamic networks in FEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Murphy
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States of America.
| | - Dost Öngür
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States of America
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7
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Kikuchi M, Wada Y, Koshino Y. Sequential EEG Analysis during Intermittent Photic Stimulation in Never-Medicated Patients with Schizophrenia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 34:201-6. [PMID: 14560821 DOI: 10.1177/155005940303400407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To investigate sequential changes in electroencephalograms (EEGs) during intermittent photic stimulation (IPS), quantitative EEG analysis for the alpha band (related to stimulus frequency) was performed in 18 drug-naïve schizophrenic patients and 18 sex- and age-matched control subjects. IPS consisted of white flickers at 10 flashes/sec, lasting 10 sec and repeated six times at 10 sec intervals. The differences between the two groups were assessed for two conditions (i.e., during photic stimulation (PS) and inter-PS). During stimulus, the absolute 9–11 Hz band power of the patient group was higher at the posterior than that at the anterior sites throughout the 10 sec periods. However, this difference between sites was not seen during the first 1 sec in the control group. During the nonstimulus period, posterior dominance of 9–11 Hz band power was prominent in the patient group throughout. In the control group, however, this difference was minor, especially during the latter half of the period. These results suggest that schizophrenic patients show fewer changes in posterior alpha activity during both stimulus and nonstimulus, and this continuity of posterior dominance may reflect hyperarousal, which counteracts any decrease in vigilance throughout the IPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Kikuchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan.
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8
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Barz CS, Bessaih T, Abel T, Feldmeyer D, Contreras D. Altered resonance properties of somatosensory responses in mice deficient for the schizophrenia risk gene Neuregulin 1. Brain Struct Funct 2015; 221:4383-4398. [PMID: 26721794 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-1169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To reveal the neuronal underpinnings of sensory processing deficits in patients with schizophrenia, previous studies have investigated brain activity in response to sustained sensory stimulation at various frequencies. This paradigm evoked neural activity at the stimulation frequency and harmonics thereof. During visual and auditory stimulation that elicited enhanced or 'resonant' responses in healthy controls, patients with schizophrenia displayed reduced activity. The present study sought to elucidate the cellular basis of disease-related deficits in sensory resonance properties using mice heterozygous for the schizophrenia susceptibility gene Neuregulin 1 (NRG1). We applied repetitive whisker stimulation at 1-15 Hz, a range relevant to whisking behavior in mice, and measured cellular activity in the primary somatosensory cortex. At frequencies where control mice displayed enhancements in measures of response magnitude and precision, NRG1 (+/-) mutants showed reductions. Our results demonstrate for the first time a link between a mutation of a schizophrenia risk gene and altered neuronal resonance properties in sensory cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia S Barz
- Function of Cortical Microcircuits Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Centre Jülich, Leo-Brandt-Str., 52425, Jülich, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
- IZKF Aachen, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Bessaih
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Laboratoire Neuroscience Paris Seine, 9 quai Staint Bernard, Bat B, 5e etage, Case courrier 16, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Ted Abel
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- 10-133 Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Building 421, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dirk Feldmeyer
- Function of Cortical Microcircuits Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Centre Jülich, Leo-Brandt-Str., 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA)-Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - Diego Contreras
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 215 Stemmler Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6074, USA
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9
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Goldstein MR, Peterson MJ, Sanguinetti JL, Tononi G, Ferrarelli F. Topographic deficits in alpha-range resting EEG activity and steady state visual evoked responses in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2015; 168:145-52. [PMID: 26159669 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Deficits in both resting alpha-range (8-12Hz) electroencephalogram (EEG) activity and steady state evoked potential (SSVEP) responses have been reported in schizophrenia. However, the topographic specificity of these effects, the relationship between resting EEG and SSVEP, as well as the impact of antipsychotic medication on these effects, have not been clearly delineated. The present study sought to address these questions with 256 channel high-density EEG recordings in a group of 13 schizophrenia patients, 13 healthy controls, and 10 non-schizophrenia patients with psychiatric diagnoses currently taking antipsychotic medication. At rest, the schizophrenia group demonstrated decreased alpha EEG power in frontal and occipital areas relative to healthy controls. With SSVEP stimulation centered in the alpha band (10Hz), but not with stimulation above (15Hz) or below (7Hz) this range, the occipital deficit in alpha power was partially reverted. However, the frontal deficit persisted and contributed to a significantly reduced topographic relationship between occipital and frontal alpha activity for resting EEG and 10Hz SSVEP alpha power in schizophrenia patients. No significant differences were observed between healthy and medicated controls or between medicated controls and schizophrenia. These findings suggest a potential intrinsic deficit in frontal eyes-closed EEG alpha oscillations in schizophrenia, whereby potent visual stimulation centered in that frequency range results in an increase in the occipital alpha power of these patients, which however does not extend to frontal regions. Future research to evaluate the cortical and subcortical mechanisms of these effects is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Michael J Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Giulio Tononi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Fabio Ferrarelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.
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10
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Güntekin B, Başar E. A review of brain oscillations in perception of faces and emotional pictures. Neuropsychologia 2014; 58:33-51. [PMID: 24709570 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Güntekin
- Brain Dynamics, Cognition and Complex Systems Research Center, Istanbul Kültür University, Istanbul 34156, Turkey.
| | - Erol Başar
- Brain Dynamics, Cognition and Complex Systems Research Center, Istanbul Kültür University, Istanbul 34156, Turkey
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11
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Review of delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma response oscillations in neuropsychiatric disorders. APPLICATION OF BRAIN OSCILLATIONS IN NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISEASES - SELECTED PAPERS FROM “BRAIN OSCILLATIONS IN COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND NEUROTRANSMITTERS” CONFERENCE, ISTANBUL, TURKEY, 29 APRIL–1 MAY 2011 2013; 62:303-41. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-5307-8.00019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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12
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Başar E, Güntekin B. A short review of alpha activity in cognitive processes and in cognitive impairment. Int J Psychophysiol 2012; 86:25-38. [PMID: 22801250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE REPORT: In the companion report (Başar, this volume), the physiological fundaments of alpha activity in integrative brain function are described. The present report is a review of the significant role of alpha activity in memory and cognitive processes in healthy subjects, and in cognitive impairment. The role of neurotransmitters is also described, briefly, in this context. TOWARDS AN UNDERSTANDING OF BRAIN ALPHA: Despite numerous experimental studies, it is indicated that the presented results are only appropriate to establish an ensemble of reasonings and suggestions for analyzing "alphas" in the whole brain. In turn, in the near future, these reasonings and suggestions may serve (or are indispensable to serve) as fundaments of more general and tenable hypotheses on the genesis and function of "alphas".
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Affiliation(s)
- Erol Başar
- Brain Dynamics, Cognition and Complex Systems Research Center, Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Aberrant EEG responses to gamma-frequency visual stimulation in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2010; 124:101-9. [PMID: 20692124 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2010.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Disturbance in the integration of visual information is one of the hallmarks of schizophrenia. In the spatial domain, visual integration is compromised, resulting in impaired perceptual grouping and contour integration. In the time domain, in contrast, visual integration is enhanced, as manifested by increased backward masking and lower ability of patients to detect successively presented visual stimuli as asynchronous. There is much evidence that integrative processes in the brain are supported by dynamic synchronization, or phase-locking, of neural firing. In particular, synchrony in the gamma band (>30 Hz) has been related to local visual information binding whereas synchrony in lower frequencies has been linked to global-scale integration. We recorded EEG signals evoked by steady-state gamma-frequency (40 Hz) photic stimulation in order to directly test the phase-locking of neural responses in schizophrenia. Compared with healthy control subjects, patients showed higher phase-locking of early evoked activity in the gamma band (36-44 Hz) over the posterior cortex, but lower phase-locking in theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz) and beta (13-24 Hz) frequencies over the anterior cortex. Phase-locking of evoked responses separated schizophrenia and control subjects with accuracy of 86%. This result suggests that schizophrenia is associated with an enhanced early low-level integration in the visual cortex but a deficient high-level integration of visual information within the brain global workspace.
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Brenner CA, Krishnan GP, Vohs JL, Ahn WY, Hetrick WP, Morzorati SL, O'Donnell BF. Steady state responses: electrophysiological assessment of sensory function in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2009; 35:1065-77. [PMID: 19726534 PMCID: PMC2762626 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbp091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Persons with schizophrenia experience subjective sensory anomalies and objective deficits on assessment of sensory function. Such deficits could be produced by abnormal signaling in the sensory pathways and sensory cortex or later stage disturbances in cognitive processing of such inputs. Steady state responses (SSRs) provide a noninvasive method to test the integrity of sensory pathways and oscillatory responses in schizophrenia with minimal task demands. SSRs are electrophysiological responses entrained to the frequency and phase of a periodic stimulus. Patients with schizophrenia exhibit pronounced auditory SSR deficits within the gamma frequency range (35-50 Hz) in response to click trains and amplitude-modulated tones. Visual SSR deficits are also observed, most prominently in the alpha and beta frequency ranges (7-30 Hz) in response to high-contrast, high-luminance stimuli. Visual SSR studies that have used the psychophysical properties of a stimulus to target specific visual pathways predominantly report magnocellular-based deficits in those with schizophrenia. Disruption of both auditory and visual SSRs in schizophrenia are consistent with neuropathological and magnetic resonance imaging evidence of anatomic abnormalities affecting the auditory and visual cortices. Computational models suggest that auditory SSR abnormalities at gamma frequencies could be secondary to gamma-aminobutyric acid-mediated or N-methyl-D-aspartic acid dysregulation. The pathophysiological process in schizophrenia encompasses sensory processing that probably contributes to alterations in subsequent encoding and cognitive processing. The developmental evolution of these abnormalities remains to be characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen A. Brenner
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 604-822-4650; fax: 604-822-6923; e-mail:
| | - Giri P. Krishnan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Jenifer L. Vohs
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Woo-Young Ahn
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - William P. Hetrick
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN,Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Larue D. Carter Memorial Hospital, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sandra L. Morzorati
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Brian F. O'Donnell
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN,Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Larue D. Carter Memorial Hospital, Indianapolis, IN
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Uhlhaas PJ, Haenschel C, Nikolić D, Singer W. The role of oscillations and synchrony in cortical networks and their putative relevance for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2008; 34:927-43. [PMID: 18562344 PMCID: PMC2632472 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbn062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Neural oscillations and their synchronization may represent a versatile signal to realize flexible communication within and between cortical areas. By now, there is extensive evidence to suggest that cognitive functions depending on coordination of distributed neural responses, such as perceptual grouping, attention-dependent stimulus selection, subsystem integration, working memory, and consciousness, are associated with synchronized oscillatory activity in the theta-, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-band, suggesting a functional mechanism of neural oscillations in cortical networks. In addition to their role in normal brain functioning, there is increasing evidence that altered oscillatory activity may be associated with certain neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, that involve dysfunctional cognition and behavior. In the following article, we aim to summarize the evidence on the role of neural oscillations during normal brain functioning and their relationship to cognitive processes. In the second part, we review research that has examined oscillatory activity during cognitive and behavioral tasks in schizophrenia. These studies suggest that schizophrenia involves abnormal oscillations and synchrony that are related to cognitive dysfunctions and some of the symptoms of the disorder. Perspectives for future research will be discussed in relationship to methodological issues, the utility of neural oscillations as a biomarker, and the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Uhlhaas
- Department of Neurophysiology, Max-Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Abstract
In spite of its origins deeply rooted in the discipline, pharmaco-EEG applications in psychiatry remain limited to its achievements in the field of psychotropic drugs classification and, in few instances, discovery. In the present paper two attempts to transfer pharmaco-EEG methods to psychiatric clinical routine will be described: 1) monitoring of psychotropic drug toxicity at the central nervous system level, and 2) prediction of clinical response to treatment with psychotropic drugs. Both applications have been the object of several investigations providing promising and sometimes consistent findings which, however, had no impact on clinical practice. For the first topic, the review is limited to antipsychotics, lithium and recreational drugs, as for other psychotropic drugs mostly case studies are available, while for the response prediction it will include antipsychotics, antidepressants, anxiolytics, psychostimulants and nootropics. In spite of several methodological limitations, pharmaco-EEG studies dealing with monitoring of antipsychotic- and lithium-induced EEG abnormalities went close to, but never became, a clinical routine. EEG studies of recreational drugs are flawed by several limitations, and failed, so far, to identify reliable indices of CNS toxicity to be used in clinical settings. Several QEEG studies on early predictors of treatment response to first generation antipsychotics have produced consistent findings, but had no clinical impact. For other psychotropic drug classes few and inconsistent reports have appeared. Pharmaco-EEG had the potential for important clinical applications, but so far none of them entered clinical routine. The ability to upgrade theories and methods and promote large scale studies represent the future challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armida Mucci
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy.
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Krishnan GP, Vohs JL, Hetrick WP, Carroll CA, Shekhar A, Bockbrader MA, O'Donnell BF. Steady state visual evoked potential abnormalities in schizophrenia. Clin Neurophysiol 2005; 116:614-24. [PMID: 15721075 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2004.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) can be used to test the frequency response function of neural circuits. Previous studies have shown reduced SSVEPs to alpha and lower frequencies of stimulation in schizophrenia. We investigated SSVEPs in schizophrenia at frequencies spanning the theta (4Hz) to gamma (40Hz) range. METHODS The SSVEPs to seven different frequencies of stimulation (4, 8, 17, 20, 23, 30 and 40Hz) were obtained from 18 schizophrenia subjects and 33 healthy control subjects. Power at stimulating frequency (signal power) and power at frequencies above and below the stimulating frequency (noise power) were used to quantify the SSVEP responses. RESULTS Both groups showed an inverse relationship between power and frequency of stimulation. Schizophrenia subjects showed reduced signal power compared to healthy control subjects at higher frequencies (above 17Hz), but not at 4 and 8Hz at occipital region. Noise power was higher in schizophrenia subjects at frequencies between 4 and 20Hz over occipital region and at 4, 17 and 20Hz over frontal region. CONCLUSIONS SSVEP signal power at beta and gamma frequencies of stimulation were reduced in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia subjects showed higher levels of EEG noise during photic stimulation at beta and lower frequencies. SIGNIFICANCE Inability to generate or maintain oscillations in neural networks may contribute to deficits in visual processing in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giri P Krishnan
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University, 1101 E 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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Jin Y, Potkin SG, Sandman CA, Bunney WE. Topographic analysis of EEG photic driving in patients with schizophrenia following clozapine treatment. CLINICAL EEG (ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY) 1998; 29:73-8. [PMID: 9571294 DOI: 10.1177/155005949802900205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reduced EEG photic driving has been found to be diagnostically sensitive and specific for schizophrenia. Thirty-one patients with schizophrenia were tested in this study to identify the typical and atypical neuroleptic effects on the photic driving. Compared with the placebo, clozapine significantly enhanced the photically driven EEG in theta and low alpha frequency band, while haloperidol did not have the same effect. These changes with clozapine appeared to be symmetrical and located primarily in the frontal, central and mid-parietal areas but not in the lateral parietal, temporal and occipital regions. Results were consistent with previous findings and suggested that the atypical EEG profile of clozapine might be associated with 5-HT2 antagonistic property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Jin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, College of Medicine, University of California Irvine, USA
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Jin Y, Potkin SG, Sandman CA, Bunney WE. Electroencephalographic photic driving in patients with schizophrenia and depression. Biol Psychiatry 1997; 41:496-9. [PMID: 9034545 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00473-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Jin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, USA
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20
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Wada Y, Nanbu Y, Jiang ZY, Koshino Y, Yamaguchi N, Hashimoto T. Electroencephalographic abnormalities in patients with presenile dementia of the Alzheimer type: quantitative analysis at rest and during photic stimulation. Biol Psychiatry 1997; 41:217-25. [PMID: 9018393 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(95)00651-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, quantitative electroencephalographic (EEG) analysis was performed at rest and during photic stimulation (5, 10, and 15 Hz) in nine patients with presenile dementia of the Alzheimer type (AD; mean age at onset, 55 years) and nine sex- and age-matched control subjects. Compared with the normal controls, the AD patients had a significantly lower alpha-2 and beta band power in the resting EEG as well as a significant increase in delta and theta band power. EEG analysis during the photic stimulation demonstrated that the AD patients had a significantly lower EEG power during photic stimulation for the alpha (9.8-10.2 Hz) and beta bands (14.8-15.2 Hz) corresponding to photic stimulation at 10 Hz and 15 Hz, respectively. In addition, when we examined EEG changes from rest to the stimulus condition, the AD patients were found to show significantly smaller changes in EEG power mainly over the posterior regions, irrespective of the stimulus frequency. These findings provide evidence that AD patients have EEG abnormalities in both non-stimulus and stimulus conditions, and suggest diminished EEG reactivity to photic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa University, School of Medicine, Japan
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Jin Y, Sandman CA, Wu JC, Bernat J, Potkin SG. Topographic analysis of EEG photic driving in normal and schizophrenic subjects. CLINICAL EEG (ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY) 1995; 26:102-7. [PMID: 7781188 DOI: 10.1177/155005949502600207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In a 19-channel EEG photic driving paradigm the steady-state evoked response was studied in schizophrenic patients and normal controls. Seventeen drug-free patients and 15 normal controls were compared. Schizophrenic patients had lower EEG photic driving in the alpha range, particularly in the high alpha frequency band (p = 0.08). Topographic analysis revealed that the group differences were primarily located in the mid-frontal, central and parietal areas (p < 0.05). Temporal and lateral frontal lobe alpha remained the same in the two groups. Separate analysis of eye movement (EM) showed an opposite effect on the alpha-frequency photic driving as compared to that on the resting alpha EEG. EM decreased the resting alpha EEG and increased the photic driving. This finding suggested that the lower EEG photic driving in the schizophrenic patients could not be explained by the eye movement artifact. We hypothesize that the 10 Hz range photic driving that reflects the intrinsic EEG spindle generation in the thalamus may play an important role in the psychophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Jin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine College of Medicine, Orange 92668, USA
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22
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Wada Y, Takizawa Y, Jiang ZY, Yamaguchi N. Gender differences in quantitative EEG at rest and during photic stimulation in normal young adults. CLINICAL EEG (ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY) 1994; 25:81-5. [PMID: 8194192 DOI: 10.1177/155005949402500209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In the present study quantitative EEG analysis was performed in 20 male and 20 female healthy adults in order to examine the gender differences in EEG activity at rest and during photic stimulation. The females generally showed a higher amplitude in the resting EEG than the males, with significant differences observed for the delta, theta, alpha 2 and beta bands at the limited electrode sites. The gender differences were more pronounced in EEG activity during photic stimulation, and the females had a higher EEG amplitude in the frequency band identical or harmonically related to the stimulus frequency. These findings provide further evidence that the gender differences exist in EEG activity in both stimulus and nonstimulus conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Japan
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23
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Wada Y, Takizawa Y, Kitazawa S, Jiang ZY, Yamaguchi N. Quantitative EEG analysis at rest and during photic stimulation in drug-naive patients with first-episode paranoid schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1994; 244:247-51. [PMID: 7893770 DOI: 10.1007/bf02190377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, quantitative EEG analysis was performed at rest and during 10 Hz photic stimulation in 14 drug-naive patients with first-episode paranoid schizophrenia and 20 sex- and age-matched control subjects. Compared with the normal controls, the patients had significantly lower alpha-2 band amplitude in the resting EEG over all recording regions. No significant group differences were found in other frequency bands. In addition, EEG analysis during photic stimulation demonstrated that the patients had a rather uniform topographic profile in EEG amplitude for the alpha band, with significant group differences being confined to the posterior regions in the left hemisphere. There were no significant group differences in the amplitude for the frequency bands harmonically related to the stimulus frequency. These findings provide further evidence that schizophrenic patients have abnormal EEG activity in both non-stimulus and stimulus conditions, and suggest a dysfunction in the mechanisms underlying EEG alpha generation in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Japan
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24
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Bauer LO. Photic Driving of EEG Alpha Activity in Recovering Cocaine-Dependent and Alcohol-Dependent Patients. Am J Addict 1994. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.1994.tb00226.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Kawaguchi T, Jijiwa H, Watanabe S. The dynamics of phase relationships of alpha waves during photic driving. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 1993; 87:88-96. [PMID: 7691545 DOI: 10.1016/0013-4694(93)90115-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Inter- and intrahemispheric phase relationships of alpha waves during photic driving with intermittent flash stimuli were successively calculated by our newly developed method and compared with the results obtained during the resting condition. Of 12 healthy subjects, 6 showed obvious photic driving responses in the occipital regions (driven group) but the remaining 6 did not (non-driven group). In the driven group, the interhemispheric phase differences decreased, especially when EEG frequencies coincided with stimulating frequencies. However, this was not maintained throughout the stimulation period but was accompanied by some fluctuation. The interhemispheric phase difference decreased in the posterior temporal and, in particular, in the occipital areas. The intrahemispheric phase difference for the occipito-frontal and the occipito-central pairs in each hemisphere tended to increase and remained at approximately pi radians, especially for the former pair. These findings suggest the presence of a specific response in the occipital area. Time ratios of the phase lead in longitudinal and transverse directions and the high similarity of the time courses of intrahemispheric phase differences between bilaterally homologous pairs at rest suggest that there exist phasing mechanisms which act in parallel between the left and right hemispheres with dominant antero-posterior time delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kawaguchi
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Developmental Research, Kasugai, Japan
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Buchsbaum MS, Mansour CS, Teng DG, Zia AD, Siegel BV, Rice DM. Adolescent developmental change in topography of EEG amplitude. Schizophr Res 1992; 7:101-7. [PMID: 1515370 DOI: 10.1016/0920-9964(92)90039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
EEGs were recorded from 32 channels in 30 normal males, ages 16-22. Delta activity decreased throughout this age range. This decrease was greatest in the left frontal and temporal regions; no occipital lead showed this pattern. Relative EEG amplitude analysis, based on normalized maps, revealed decreases with age across alpha, delta, and theta bands with beta staying the same or increasing. These changes were greatest in the left temporal and left frontal regions. Taken together, these findings suggest that these cortical areas are maturing in the second decade of life. Both delta and theta showed significantly greater decreases with age in the left parietal region than in the right.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Buchsbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine 92717
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Politoff AL, Monson N, Hass P, Stadter R. Decreased alpha bandwidth responsiveness to photic driving in Alzheimer disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992; 82:45-52. [PMID: 1370143 DOI: 10.1016/0013-4694(92)90181-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The power spectra of the photically activated occipital EEGs of 9 mildly to moderately demented probable Alzheimer disease (AD) patients (according to NINCDS-ADRDA criteria), 9 normal age-matched control and 27 normal subjects of different ages were compared. In normal subjects, photic stimulation with rhythmic flashes ranging between 2 and 20 Hz elicited a characteristic response in each EEG bandwidth (delta, theta, alpha, beta1 and beta2). The magnitude of each bandwidth response was a function of the frequency of the photic stimulus. In AD patients the alpha bandwidth response curve was significantly smaller than that of age-matched controls (MANOVA main effect of group, P = 0.018); all the other bandwidth response curves were normal. Therefore, in AD there is a selective abnormality in the alpha bandwidth responsiveness to photic stimulation, probably due to AD pathology in the neuronal generator of the alpha rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Politoff
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo VAMC, ND 58102
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