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Salami A, Andreu-Perez J, Gillmeister H. Finding neural correlates of depersonalisation/derealisation disorder via explainable CNN-based analysis guided by clinical assessment scores. Artif Intell Med 2024; 149:102755. [PMID: 38462269 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2023.102755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Mental health disorders are typically diagnosed based on subjective reports (e.g., through questionnaires) followed by clinical interviews to evaluate the self-reported symptoms. Therefore, considering the interconnected nature of psychiatric disorders, their accurate diagnosis is a real challenge without indicators of underlying physiological dysfunction. Depersonalisation/derealisation disorder (DPD) is an example of dissociative disorder affecting 1-2 % of the population. DPD is characterised mainly by persistent disembodiment, detachment from surroundings, and feelings of emotional numbness, which can significantly impact patients' quality of life. The underlying neural correlates of DPD have been investigated for years to understand and help with a more accurate and in-time diagnosis of the disorder. However, in terms of EEG studies, which hold great importance due to their convenient and inexpensive nature, the literature has often been based on hypotheses proposed by experts in the field, which require prior knowledge of the disorder. In addition, participants' labelling in research experiments is often derived from the outcome of the Cambridge Depersonalisation Scale (CDS), a subjective assessment to quantify the level of depersonalisation/derealisation, the threshold and reliability of which might be challenged. As a result, we aimed to propose a novel end-to-end EEG processing pipeline based on deep neural networks for DPD biomarker discovery, which requires no prior handcrafted labelled data. Alternatively, it can assimilate knowledge from clinical outcomes like CDS as well as data-driven patterns that differentiate individual brain responses. In addition, the structure of the proposed model targets the uncertainty in CDS scores by using them as prior information only to guide the unsupervised learning task in a multi-task learning scenario. A comprehensive evaluation has been done to confirm the significance of the proposed deep structure, including new ways of network visualisation to investigate spectral, spatial, and temporal information derived in the learning process. We argued that the proposed EEG analytics could also be applied to investigate other psychological and mental disorders currently indicated on the basis of clinical assessment scores. The code to reproduce the results presented in this paper is openly accessible at https://github.com/AbbasSalami/DPD_Analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Salami
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK.
| | - Javier Andreu-Perez
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK; Centre for Computational Intelligence, Smart Health Technologies Group, Institute of Public Health and Wellbeing, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK; Simbad2, Department of Computer Science, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaen, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), 29590 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Helge Gillmeister
- Centre for Computational Intelligence, Smart Health Technologies Group, Institute of Public Health and Wellbeing, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK.
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2
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Fan C, Xu D, Mei H, Zhong X, Ren J, Ma J, Ruan Z, Lv J, Liu X, Wang H, Gao L, Xu H. Hemispheric coupling between structural and functional asymmetries in clinically asymptomatic carotid stenosis with cognitive impairment. Brain Imaging Behav 2024; 18:192-206. [PMID: 37985612 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-023-00823-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Advanced carotid stenosis is a known risk factor for ischemic stroke and vascular dementia, and it is associated with multidomain cognitive impairment as well as asymmetric alterations in hemispheric structure and function. Here we introduced a novel measure-the asymmetry index of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF_AI)-derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. This measure captures the hemispheric asymmetry of intrinsic brain activity using high-dimensional registration. We aimed to investigate functional brain asymmetric alterations in patients with severe asymptomatic carotid stenosis (SACS). Furthermore, we extended the analyses of ALFF_AI to different frequencies to detect frequency-specific alterations. Finally, we examined the coupling between hemispheric asymmetric structure and function and the relationship between these results and cognitive tests, as well as the white matter hyperintensity burden. SACS patients presented significantly decreased ALFF_AI in several clusters, including the visual, auditory, parahippocampal, Rolandic, and superior parietal regions. At low frequencies (0.01-0.25 Hz), the ALFF_AI exhibited prominent group differences as frequency increased. Further structure-function coupling analysis indicated that SACS patients had lower coupling in the lateral prefrontal, superior medial frontal, middle temporal, superior parietal, and striatum regions but higher coupling in the lateral occipital regions. These findings suggest that, under potential hemodynamic burden, SACS patients demonstrate asymmetric hemispheric configurations of intrinsic activity patterns and a decoupling between structural and functional asymmetries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhong Fan
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, 430071, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
- The Interventional Diagnostic and Therapeutic Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, 430071, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, 430071, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hao Mei
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, 430071, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhong
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, 430071, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jinxia Ren
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, 430071, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiaojiao Ma
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, 430071, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhao Ruan
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, 430071, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jinfeng Lv
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, 430071, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xitong Liu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, 430071, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, 430071, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, 430071, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Haibo Xu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, 430071, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China.
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Zhao Y, Wang D, Wang X, Jin Q, Gao X. Differential effects of specific emotions on spatial decision-making: evidence from cross-frequency functionally independent brain networks. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad541. [PMID: 38236728 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Emotions significantly shape the way humans make decisions. However, the underlying neural mechanisms of this influence remain elusive. In this study, we designed an experiment to investigate how emotions (specifically happiness, fear, and sadness) impact spatial decision-making, utilizing EEG data. To address the inherent limitations of sensor-level investigations previously conducted, we employed standard low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography and functional independent component analysis to analyze the EEG data at the cortical source level. Our findings showed that across various spectral-spatial networks, positive emotion activated the decision-making network in the left middle temporal gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus, in contrast to negative emotions. We also identified the common spectral-spatial networks and observed significant differences in network strength across emotions. These insights further revealed the important role of the gamma-band prefrontal network. Our research provides a basis for deciphering the roles of brain networks in the impact of emotions on decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- The School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Danli Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- The School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- The School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiao Jin
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Xuange Gao
- The State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- The School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Tiihonen M, Haumann NT, Shtyrov Y, Vuust P, Jacobsen T, Brattico E. The impact of crossmodal predictions on the neural processing of aesthetic stimuli. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220418. [PMID: 38104610 PMCID: PMC10725772 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroaesthetic research has focused on neural predictive processes involved in the encounter with art stimuli or the related evaluative judgements, and it has been mainly conducted unimodally. Here, with electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography and an affective priming protocol, we investigated whether and how the neural responses to non-representational aesthetic stimuli are top-down modulated by affective representational (i.e. semantically meaningful) predictions between audition and vision. Also, the neural chronometry of affect processing of these aesthetic stimuli was investigated. We hypothesized that the early affective components of crossmodal aesthetic responses are dependent on the affective and representational predictions formed in another sensory modality resulting in differentiated brain responses, and that audition and vision indicate different processing latencies for affect. The target stimuli were aesthetic visual patterns and musical chords, and they were preceded by a prime from the opposing sensory modality. We found that early auditory-cortex responses to chords were more affected by valence than the corresponding visual-cortex ones. Furthermore, the assessments of visual targets were more facilitated by affective congruency of crossmodal primes than the acoustic targets. These results indicate, first, that the brain uses early affective information for predictively guiding aesthetic responses; second, that an affective transfer of information takes place crossmodally, mainly from audition to vision, impacting the aesthetic assessment. This article is part of the theme issue 'Art, aesthetics and predictive processing: theoretical and empirical perspectives'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Tiihonen
- Center for Music in the Brain (MIB), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Midtjylland, 8200, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medial Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Dusseldorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen, 40225, Germany
| | - Niels Trusbak Haumann
- Center for Music in the Brain (MIB), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Midtjylland, 8200, Denmark
| | - Yury Shtyrov
- Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Midtjylland, 8200, Denmark
| | - Peter Vuust
- Center for Music in the Brain (MIB), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Midtjylland, 8200, Denmark
| | - Thomas Jacobsen
- Helmut Schmidt University / University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, Hamburg, 22043, Germany
| | - Elvira Brattico
- Center for Music in the Brain (MIB), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Midtjylland, 8200, Denmark
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Puglia, 70121, Italy
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Peterson M, Braga RM, Floris DL, Nielsen JA. Evidence for a Compensatory Relationship between Left- and Right-Lateralized Brain Networks. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.08.570817. [PMID: 38106130 PMCID: PMC10723397 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.08.570817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The two hemispheres of the human brain are functionally asymmetric. At the network level, the language network exhibits left-hemisphere lateralization. While this asymmetry is widely replicated, the extent to which other functional networks demonstrate lateralization remains a subject of Investigation. Additionally, it is unknown how the lateralization of one functional network may affect the lateralization of other networks within individuals. We quantified lateralization for each of 17 networks by computing the relative surface area on the left and right cerebral hemispheres. After examining the ecological, convergent, and external validity and test-retest reliability of this surface area-based measure of lateralization, we addressed two hypotheses across multiple datasets (Human Connectome Project = 553, Human Connectome Project-Development = 343, Natural Scenes Dataset = 8). First, we hypothesized that networks associated with language, visuospatial attention, and executive control would show the greatest lateralization. Second, we hypothesized that relationships between lateralized networks would follow a dependent relationship such that greater left-lateralization of a network would be associated with greater right-lateralization of a different network within individuals, and that this pattern would be systematic across individuals. A language network was among the three networks identified as being significantly left-lateralized, and attention and executive control networks were among the five networks identified as being significantly right-lateralized. Next, correlation matrices, an exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analyses were used to test the second hypothesis and examine the organization of lateralized networks. We found general support for a dependent relationship between highly left- and right-lateralized networks, meaning that across subjects, greater left lateralization of a given network (such as a language network) was linked to greater right lateralization of another network (such as a ventral attention/salience network) and vice versa. These results further our understanding of brain organization at the macro-scale network level in individuals, carrying specific relevance for neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by disruptions in lateralization such as autism and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Peterson
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Rodrigo M. Braga
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Dorothea L. Floris
- Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jared A. Nielsen
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84604, USA
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Lingelbach K, Gado S, Wirzberger M, Vukelić M. Workload-dependent hemispheric asymmetries during the emotion-cognition interaction: a close-to-naturalistic fNIRS study. FRONTIERS IN NEUROERGONOMICS 2023; 4:1273810. [PMID: 38234490 PMCID: PMC10790862 DOI: 10.3389/fnrgo.2023.1273810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Introduction We investigated brain activation patterns of interacting emotional distractions and cognitive processes in a close-to-naturalistic functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study. Methods Eighteen participants engaged in a monitoring-control task, mimicking common air traffic controller requirements. The scenario entailed experiencing both low and high workload, while concurrently being exposed to emotional speech distractions of positive, negative, and neutral valence. Results Our investigation identified hemispheric asymmetries in prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity during the presentation of negative and positive emotional speech distractions at different workload levels. Thereby, in particular, activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) seems to play a crucial role. Brain activation patterns revealed a cross-over interaction indicating workload-dependent left hemispheric inhibition processes during negative distractions and high workload. For positive emotional distractions under low workload, we observed left-hemispheric PFC recruitment potentially associated with speech-related processes. Furthermore, we found a workload-independent negativity bias for neutral distractions, showing brain activation patterns similar to those of negative distractions. Discussion In conclusion, lateralized hemispheric processing, regulating emotional speech distractions and integrating emotional and cognitive processes, is influenced by workload levels and stimulus characteristics. These findings advance our understanding of the factors modulating hemispheric asymmetries during the processing and inhibition of emotional distractions, as well as the interplay between emotion and cognition. Moreover, they emphasize the significance of exploring emotion-cognition interactions in more naturalistic settings to gain a deeper understanding of their implications in real-world application scenarios (e.g., working and learning environments).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Lingelbach
- Applied Neurocognitive Systems, Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering IAO, Stuttgart, Germany
- Applied Neurocognitive Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Gado
- Experimental Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Wirzberger
- Department of Teaching and Learning with Intelligent Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Vukelić
- Applied Neurocognitive Systems, Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering IAO, Stuttgart, Germany
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Shetty SJ, Shetty S, Shettigar D, Pagilla V, Maiya GA. Effect of transcranial photobiomodulation on electrophysiological activity of brain in healthy individuals: A scoping review. J Clin Neurosci 2023; 117:156-167. [PMID: 37826867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2023.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND OBJECTIVE Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) is a safe and non-invasive treatment that has recently emerged as an effective technique to apply near-infrared or red light to activate neural tissues. The objective is to review the literature on the effect of tPBM on electrophysiological activity in healthy individuals. METHODS Literature was searched through PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase, and Ovid for transcranial photobiomodulation therapy in healthy individuals age group 18-80 years of either gender having electroencephalography as an outcome. Critical appraisal of included Randomized Controlled Trials and non-randomized experimental studies was done using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool. RESULTS A database search yielded a total of 4156 results. After eliminating 2626 duplicates, 1530 records were left. 32 articles were considered for full-text screening after 1498 records were excluded through title and abstract screening. 10 articles were included in this review. tPBM has been found to increase the higher electrophysiological oscillations and there is inconclusive evidence targeting the lower oscillatory electrophysiological frequencies. CONCLUSION Transcranial photobiomodulation can have promising effects on the electrophysiological activity of the brain in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrija Jaya Shetty
- Centre for Diabetic Foot Care and Research, Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions (MCHP), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Saidan Shetty
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Deeksha Shettigar
- Centre for Diabetic Foot Care and Research, Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions (MCHP), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Vidyasagar Pagilla
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - G Arun Maiya
- Centre for Diabetic Foot Care and Research, Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions (MCHP), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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Lin X, Chen J, Ma W, Tang W, Wang Y. EEG emotion recognition using improved graph neural network with channel selection. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 231:107380. [PMID: 36745954 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Emotion classification tasks based on electroencephalography (EEG) are an essential part of artificial intelligence, with promising applications in healthcare areas such as autism research and emotion detection in pregnant women. However, the complex data acquisition environment provides a variable number of EEG channels, which interferes with the model to simulate the process of information transfer in the human brain. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved graph convolution model with dynamic channel selection. METHODS The proposed model combines the advantages of 1D convolution and graph convolution to capture the intra- and inter-channel EEG features, respectively. We add functional connectivity in the graph structure that helps to simulate the relationship between brain regions further. In addition, an adjustable scale of channel selection can be performed based on the attention distribution in the graph structure. RESULTS We conducted various experiments on the DEAP-Twente, DEAP-Geneva, and SEED datasets and achieved average accuracies of 90.74%, 91%, and 90.22%, respectively, which exceeded most existing models. Meanwhile, with only 20% of the EEG channels retained, the models achieved average accuracies of 82.78%, 84%, and 83.93% on the above three datasets, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The experimental results show that the proposed model can achieve effective emotion classification in complex dataset environments. Also, the proposed channel selection method is informative for reducing the cost of affective computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefen Lin
- School of Information and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, PR China
| | - Jielin Chen
- School of Information and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, PR China.
| | - Weifeng Ma
- School of Information and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, PR China
| | - Wei Tang
- School of Information and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, PR China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- School of Information and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, PR China
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Zhao L, Zhou D, Ma L, Hu J, Chen R, He X, Peng X, Jiang Z, Ran L, Xiang J, Zeng Q, Zhou Y, Dai L, Zhang Q, Hong S, Wang W, Kuang L. Changes in emotion-related EEG components and brain lateralization response to negative emotions in adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury: An ERP study. Behav Brain Res 2023; 445:114324. [PMID: 36736669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a serious risk behavior in adolescents and is a high risk factor for suicide, while negative emotions can lead to increased NSSI behaviors. In this study, we investigated the altered behavioral performance and neural reactivity of adolescents with NSSI by using a two-choice oddball paradigm when exposed to negative emotional stimuli, and analyzed the brain lateralization effect. Our data indicated that adolescents with NSSI exhibit more pronounced N250, P300, and LPP components during negative emotional face stimulation, as evidenced by a smaller N250 wave amplitude, larger P300 wave amplitude, steeper LPP waveform, and faster fallback baseline; and the presence of brain lateralization responses in both the N250 component and the LPP component. These results suggested that adolescents with NSSI showed significant alterations in cognitive EEG components associated with emotional processing during negative emotional face stimulation, particularly in EEG components representing inhibitory control, and there was a lateralization effect on emotional processing in the brain, with different processing stages and different dominance of the left and right brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongdong Zhou
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingli Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinhui Hu
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqing He
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyu Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenghao Jiang
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liuyi Ran
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linxi Dai
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Su Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wo Wang
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Stieger B, Wesseler Y, Kaiser S, Sachser N, Richter SH. Behavioral lateralization of mice varying in serotonin transporter genotype. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 16:1095567. [PMID: 36710954 PMCID: PMC9875089 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1095567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, non-right-handedness is associated with a higher incidence of psychiatric disorders. Since serotonin seems to be involved in both, the development of psychiatric disorders and lateralization, the present study focuses on the effect of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene on behavioral lateralization. For this, we used the 5-HTT knockout mouse model, a well-established animal model for the study of human depression and anxiety disorders. For female mice from all three 5-HTT genotypes (wild type, heterozygous, and homozygous knockout), we repeatedly observed the direction and strength of lateralization of the following four behaviors: grid climbing (GC), food-reaching in an artificial test situation (FRT), self-grooming (SG), and barrier crossing (BC), with the FRT being the standard test for assessing behavioral lateralization in mice. We found no association between behavioral lateralization and 5-HTT genotype. However, in accordance with previous findings, the strength and temporal consistency of lateralization differed between the four behaviors observed. In conclusion, since the 5-HTT genotype did not affect behavioral lateralization in mice, more research on other factors connected with behavioral lateralization and the development of symptoms of psychiatric disorders, such as environmental influences, is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binia Stieger
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany,DFG Research Training Group EvoPAD, University of Münster, Münster, Germany,*Correspondence: Binia Stieger,
| | - Yvonne Wesseler
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sylvia Kaiser
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany,DFG Research Training Group EvoPAD, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Norbert Sachser
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany,DFG Research Training Group EvoPAD, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - S. Helene Richter
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany,DFG Research Training Group EvoPAD, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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11
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Chow TE, Veziris CR, Mundada N, Martinez-Arroyo AI, Kramer JH, Miller BL, Rosen HJ, Gorno-Tempini ML, Rankin KP, Seeley WW, Rabinovici GD, La Joie R, Sturm VE. Medial Temporal Lobe Tau Aggregation Relates to Divergent Cognitive and Emotional Empathy Abilities in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:313-328. [PMID: 37742643 PMCID: PMC10894587 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the gradual accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau proteins may underlie alterations in empathy. OBJECTIVE To assess whether tau aggregation in the medial temporal lobes related to differences in cognitive empathy (the ability to take others' perspectives) and emotional empathy (the ability to experience others' feelings) in AD. METHODS Older adults (n = 105) completed molecular Aβ positron emission tomography (PET) scans. Sixty-eight of the participants (35 women) were Aβ positive and symptomatic with diagnoses of mild cognitive impairment, dementia of the Alzheimer's type, logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia, or posterior cortical atrophy. The remaining 37 (22 women) were asymptomatic Aβ negative healthy older controls. Using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, we compared current levels of informant-rated cognitive empathy (Perspective-Taking subscale) and emotional empathy (Empathic Concern subscale) in the Aβ positive and negative participants. The Aβ positive participants also underwent molecular tau-PET scans, which were used to investigate whether regional tau burden in the bilateral medial temporal lobes related to empathy. RESULTS Aβ positive participants had lower perspective-taking and higher empathic concern than Aβ negative healthy controls. Medial temporal tau aggregation in the Aβ positive participants had divergent associations with cognitive and emotional empathy. Whereas greater tau burden in the amygdala predicted lower perspective-taking, greater tau burden in the entorhinal cortex predicted greater empathic concern. Tau burden in the parahippocampal cortex did not predict either form of empathy. CONCLUSIONS Across AD clinical syndromes, medial temporal lobe tau aggregation is associated with lower perspective-taking yet higher empathic concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany E. Chow
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christina R. Veziris
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nidhi Mundada
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexis I. Martinez-Arroyo
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joel H. Kramer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce L. Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Howard J. Rosen
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katherine P. Rankin
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William W. Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gil D. Rabinovici
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Virginia E. Sturm
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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12
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Steinbach MJ, Campbell RW, DeVore BB, Harrison DW. Laterality in Parkinson's disease: A neuropsychological review. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2023; 30:126-140. [PMID: 33844619 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1907392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Laterality of motor symptom onset in Parkinson's disease is both well-known and under-appreciated. Treatment of disorders that have asymmetric pathological features, such as stroke and epilepsy, demonstrate the importance of incorporating hemispheric lateralization and specialization into therapy and care planning. These practices could theoretically extend to Parkinson's disease, providing increased diagnostic accuracy and improved treatment outcomes. Additionally, while motor symptoms have generally received the majority of attention, non-motor features (e.g., autonomic dysfunction) also decrease quality of life and are influenced by asymmetrical neurodegeneration. Due to the laterality of cognitive and behavioral processes in the two brain hemispheres, analysis of hemibody side of onset can potentially give insight into expected symptom profile of the patient and allow for increased predictive accuracy of disease progression and outcome, thus opening the door to personalized and improved therapy in treating Parkinson's disease patients. This review discusses motor and non-motor symptoms (namely autonomic, sensory, emotional, and cognitive dysfunction) of Parkinson's disease in respect to hemispheric lateralization from a theoretical perspective in hopes of providing a framework for future research and personalized treatment.
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13
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Siniscalchi M, d’Ingeo S, Minunno M, Quaranta A. Facial asymmetry in dogs with fear and aggressive behaviors towards humans. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19620. [PMID: 36380072 PMCID: PMC9666627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is now scientific evidence that, in dogs, distinctive facial actions are produced in response to different emotionally-arousing stimuli suggesting a relationship between lateralized facial expressions and emotional states. Although in humans, relationships between facial asymmetry and both emotional and physiological distress have been reported, there are currently no data on the laterality of dogs' facial expressions in response to social stimuli with respect to canine behavioral disorders. The aim of the present work was to investigate the facial asymmetries of dogs with fear and aggressive behavior towards humans during two different emotional situations: (1) while the dogs were alone in the presence of their owners and (2) during the approach of an unfamiliar human being. Overall, our results demonstrated high levels of asymmetries in facial expressions of dogs displaying fear and aggressive behaviors towards humans indicating that measuring facial asymmetries in dogs could prove to be a useful non-invasive tool for investigating physiology-based behavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Siniscalchi
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Animal Physiology and Behavior Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Serenella d’Ingeo
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Animal Physiology and Behavior Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Minunno
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Animal Physiology and Behavior Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Quaranta
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Animal Physiology and Behavior Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
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14
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Testing of Behavioural Asymmetries as Markers for Brain Lateralization of Emotional States in Pet Dogs: A Critical Review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 143:104950. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Donos C, Blidarescu B, Pistol C, Oane I, Mindruta I, Barborica A. A comparison of uni- and multi-variate methods for identifying brain networks activated by cognitive tasks using intracranial EEG. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:946240. [PMID: 36225734 PMCID: PMC9549146 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.946240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive tasks are commonly used to identify brain networks involved in the underlying cognitive process. However, inferring the brain networks from intracranial EEG data presents several challenges related to the sparse spatial sampling of the brain and the high variability of the EEG trace due to concurrent brain processes. In this manuscript, we use a well-known facial emotion recognition task to compare three different ways of analyzing the contrasts between task conditions: permutation cluster tests, machine learning (ML) classifiers, and a searchlight implementation of multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) for intracranial sparse data recorded from 13 patients undergoing presurgical evaluation for drug-resistant epilepsy. Using all three methods, we aim at highlighting the brain structures with significant contrast between conditions. In the absence of ground truth, we use the scientific literature to validate our results. The comparison of the three methods’ results shows moderate agreement, measured by the Jaccard coefficient, between the permutation cluster tests and the machine learning [0.33 and 0.52 for the left (LH) and right (RH) hemispheres], and 0.44 and 0.37 for the LH and RH between the permutation cluster tests and MVPA. The agreement between ML and MVPA is higher: 0.65 for the LH and 0.62 for the RH. To put these results in context, we performed a brief review of the literature and we discuss how each brain structure’s involvement in the facial emotion recognition task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Donos
- Department of Physics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- *Correspondence: Cristian Donos,
| | | | | | - Irina Oane
- Department of Physics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Epilepsy Monitoring Unit, Department of Neurology, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Mindruta
- Department of Physics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei Barborica
- Department of Physics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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16
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Orth L, Meeh J, Gur RC, Neuner I, Sarkheil P. Frontostriatal circuitry as a target for fMRI-based neurofeedback interventions: A systematic review. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:933718. [PMID: 36092647 PMCID: PMC9449529 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.933718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated frontostriatal circuitries are viewed as a common target for the treatment of aberrant behaviors in various psychiatric and neurological disorders. Accordingly, experimental neurofeedback paradigms have been applied to modify the frontostriatal circuitry. The human frontostriatal circuitry is topographically and functionally organized into the "limbic," the "associative," and the "motor" subsystems underlying a variety of affective, cognitive, and motor functions. We conducted a systematic review of the literature regarding functional magnetic resonance imaging-based neurofeedback studies that targeted brain activations within the frontostriatal circuitry. Seventy-nine published studies were included in our survey. We assessed the efficacy of these studies in terms of imaging findings of neurofeedback intervention as well as behavioral and clinical outcomes. Furthermore, we evaluated whether the neurofeedback targets of the studies could be assigned to the identifiable frontostriatal subsystems. The majority of studies that targeted frontostriatal circuitry functions focused on the anterior cingulate cortex, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and the supplementary motor area. Only a few studies (n = 14) targeted the connectivity of the frontostriatal regions. However, post-hoc analyses of connectivity changes were reported in more cases (n = 32). Neurofeedback has been frequently used to modify brain activations within the frontostriatal circuitry. Given the regulatory mechanisms within the closed loop of the frontostriatal circuitry, the connectivity-based neurofeedback paradigms should be primarily considered for modifications of this system. The anatomical and functional organization of the frontostriatal system needs to be considered in decisions pertaining to the neurofeedback targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Orth
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johanna Meeh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Irene Neuner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Pegah Sarkheil
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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17
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Duncan A, Simon T, Frasnelli E. Investigating the influence of neuter status on paw preference in dogs and cats. Laterality 2022; 27:359-378. [PMID: 35688604 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2022.2086563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Motor lateralization is commonly observed through preferential paw use in dogs and cats. Previous studies have uncovered sex-related differences in paw preference, hypothesizing that these differences may be related to sex hormones. The current study aimed to compare neutered and entire individuals to further investigate whether paw preference is influenced by sex hormones. Dog and cat owners were required to fill in a questionnaire with demographic information such as sex and neuter status of their pets. They then carried out two simple paw preference tasks within their homes: a "reaching for food" task and a "reaching for a toy" task. This study revealed an overall preference among the 272 dogs and 137 cats tested to use their right paw in both tasks. In cats, the degree of paw preference (i.e., regardless of the direction) was significantly influenced by an interaction between neuter status and life stage. Also in dogs, both life stage and an interaction between neuter status and life stage tended to influence the degree of paw preference. Post-hoc power analysis revealed a lack of statistical power, suggesting that future studies using a larger sample size are needed to further investigate potential effects of neuter status on paw preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Duncan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Tim Simon
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Elisa Frasnelli
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.,CIMeC Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
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18
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Simon T, Frasnelli E, Guo K, Barber A, Wilkinson A, Mills DS. Is There an Association between Paw Preference and Emotionality in Pet Dogs? Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1153. [PMID: 35565578 PMCID: PMC9103732 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research with humans and other animals has suggested that preferential limb use is linked to emotionality. A better understanding of this still under-explored area has the potential to establish limb preference as a marker of emotional vulnerability and risk for affective disorders. This study explored the potential relationship between paw preference and emotionality in pet dogs. We examined which paw the dogs preferentially used to hold a Kong™ and to perform two different locomotion tests. Dogs' emotionality was assessed using a validated psychometric test (the Positive and Negative Activation Scale-PANAS). Significant positive correlations were found for dogs' paw use between the different locomotion tasks, suggesting that dogs may show a more general paw preference that is stable across different types of locomotion. In comparison, the correlations between the Kong™ Test and locomotion tests were only partially significant, likely due to potential limitations of the Kong™ Test and/or test-specific biomechanical requirements. No significant correlations were identified between paw preference tests and PANAS scores. These results are in contrast to previous reports of an association between dog paw preference and emotionality; animal limb preference might be task-specific and have variable task-consistency, which raises methodological questions about the use of paw preference as a marker for emotional functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Simon
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK; (E.F.); (A.B.); (A.W.); (D.S.M.)
| | - Elisa Frasnelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK; (E.F.); (A.B.); (A.W.); (D.S.M.)
- CIMeC—Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Piazza della Manifattura 1, 38068 Rovereto, TN, Italy
| | - Kun Guo
- Department of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK;
| | - Anjuli Barber
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK; (E.F.); (A.B.); (A.W.); (D.S.M.)
| | - Anna Wilkinson
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK; (E.F.); (A.B.); (A.W.); (D.S.M.)
| | - Daniel S. Mills
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK; (E.F.); (A.B.); (A.W.); (D.S.M.)
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19
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Ren X, Zhao X, Li J, Liu Y, Ren Y, Pruessner JC, Yang J. The Hippocampal-Ventral Medial Prefrontal Cortex Neurocircuitry Involvement in the Association of Daily Life Stress With Acute Perceived Stress and Cortisol Responses. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:276-287. [PMID: 35149637 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Daily life stressors include everyday irritants, hassles, and inconveniences, such as problems in traffic and unexpected work deadlines. A growing body of research has suggested higher daily stress is associated with blunted cortisol response to acute psychosocial stressors. However, so far, the neural mechanism underlying this association has not been elucidated. The current study aimed to examine the role of stress neurocircuitry between the hippocampus and the ventral medial prefrontal cortex in this relationship. METHODS To this end, as an index of daily stress in 44 young healthy individuals (23 females; mean [standard deviation] age = 19.07 [1.11] years), the total stressful rating score of daily life stress events that occurred in a 24-hour period was quantified. Individuals were then administered a modified version of the Montreal Imaging Stress Task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging scans, and their saliva samples were collected for assessment of the stress hormone cortisol. RESULTS Results revealed that a higher level of daily stress was associated with lower salivary cortisol secretion (r = -0.39, p = .008) and lower activation of the left hippocampus (tpeak = -5.51) in response to the Montreal Imaging Stress Task. Furthermore, a higher level of daily stress was associated with stronger functional connectivity between the left hippocampus and the ventral medial prefrontal cortex/subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (tpeak = 4.91, R2= 0.365). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the current study suggested a possible neurocircuitry of the hippocampus and ventral medial prefrontal cortex in the relationship between daily life stress and acute psychosocial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Ren
- From the Faculty of Psychology (X. Ren, Zhao, Li, liu, Y. Ren, Yang), Southwest University, Chongqing, China; and Department of Psychology (Pruessner), University of Constance, Constance, Germany
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20
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de Borst AW, de Gelder B. Threat Detection in Nearby Space Mobilizes Human Ventral Premotor Cortex, Intraparietal Sulcus, and Amygdala. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12030391. [PMID: 35326349 PMCID: PMC8946485 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12030391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the monkey brain, the precentral gyrus and ventral intraparietal area are two interconnected brain regions that form a system for detecting and responding to events in nearby “peripersonal” space (PPS), with threat detection as one of its major functions. Behavioral studies point toward a similar defensive function of PPS in humans. Here, our aim was to find support for this hypothesis by investigating if homolog regions in the human brain respond more strongly to approaching threatening stimuli. During fMRI scanning, naturalistic social stimuli were presented in a 3D virtual environment. Our results showed that the ventral premotor cortex and intraparietal sulcus responded more strongly to threatening stimuli entering PPS. Moreover, we found evidence for the involvement of the amygdala and anterior insula in processing threats. We propose that the defensive function of PPS may be supported by a subcortical circuit that sends information about the relevance of the stimulus to the premotor cortex and intraparietal sulcus, where action preparation is facilitated when necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline W. de Borst
- Department of Biological and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Psychology and Human Movement, Hamburg University, Von-Melle-Park 11, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- UCL Interaction Centre, University College London, 66-72 Gower St., London WC1E 6EA, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Beatrice de Gelder
- Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands;
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21
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Zhu Z, Zhao Y, Wen K, Li Q, Pan N, Fu S, Li F, Radua J, Vieta E, Kemp GJ, Biswa BB, Gong Q. Cortical thickness abnormalities in patients with bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2022; 300:209-218. [PMID: 34971699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of neuroimaging studies report alterations of cortical thickness (CT) related to the neuropathology of bipolar disorder (BD). We provide here a whole-brain vertex-wise meta-analysis, which may help improve the spatial precision of these identifications. METHODS A comprehensive meta-analysis was performed to investigate the differences in CT between patients with BD and healthy controls (HCs) by using a newly developed mask for CT analysis in seed-based d mapping (SDM) meta-analytic software. We used meta-regression to explore the effects of demographics and clinical characteristics on CT. This meta-review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guideline. RESULTS We identified 21 studies meeting criteria for the systematic review, of which 11 were eligible for meta-analysis. The meta-analysis comprising 649 BD patients and 818 HCs showed significant cortical thinning in the left insula extending to left Rolandic operculum and Heschl gyrus, the orbital part of left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), the medial part of left superior frontal gyrus (SFG) as well as bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in BD. In meta-regression analyses, mean patient age was negatively correlated with reduced CT in the left insula. LIMITATIONS All enrolled studies were cross-sectional; we could not explore the potential effects of medication and mood states due to the limited data. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that BD patients have significantly thinner frontoinsular cortex than HCs, and the results may be helpful in revealing specific neuroimaging biomarkers of BD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Zhu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Youjin Zhao
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Keren Wen
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Nanfang Pan
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiqin Fu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, Northern Ireland United Kingdom
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Graham J Kemp
- Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Bharat B Biswa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA; The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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22
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Aychet J, Monchy N, Blois-Heulin C, Lemasson A. Context-Dependent Gestural Laterality: A Multifactorial Analysis in Captive Red-Capped Mangabeys. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:186. [PMID: 35049807 PMCID: PMC8772743 DOI: 10.3390/ani12020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Catarrhine primates gesture preferentially with their right hands, which led to the hypothesis of a gestural origin of human left-hemispheric specialization for language. However, the factors influencing this gestural laterality remain understudied in non-hominoid species, particularly in intraspecific contexts, although it may bring valuable insights into the proximate and ultimate causes of language lateralization. We present here a preliminary investigation of intraspecific gestural laterality in catarrhine monkeys, red-capped mangabeys (Cercocebus torquatus). We described the spontaneous production of brachio-manual intentional gestures in twenty-five captive subjects. Although we did not evidence any significant gestural lateralization neither at the individual- nor population-level, we found that mangabeys preferentially use their right hands to gesture in negative social contexts, such as aggressions, suggesting an effect of emotional lateralization, and that they adapt to the position of their receiver by preferentially using their ipsilateral hand to communicate. These results corroborate previous findings from ape studies. By contrast, factors related to gesture form and socio-demographic characteristics of signaler and receiver did not affect gestural laterality. To understand better the relationships between gestural laterality and brain lateralization from an evolutionary perspective, we suggest that the gestural communication of other monkey species should be examined with a multifactorial approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Aychet
- Univ Rennes, Normandie Univ, CNRS, EthoS (Éthologie Animale et Humaine)—UMR 6552, 35380 Paimpont, France; (N.M.); (C.B.-H.); (A.L.)
| | - Noémie Monchy
- Univ Rennes, Normandie Univ, CNRS, EthoS (Éthologie Animale et Humaine)—UMR 6552, 35380 Paimpont, France; (N.M.); (C.B.-H.); (A.L.)
| | - Catherine Blois-Heulin
- Univ Rennes, Normandie Univ, CNRS, EthoS (Éthologie Animale et Humaine)—UMR 6552, 35380 Paimpont, France; (N.M.); (C.B.-H.); (A.L.)
| | - Alban Lemasson
- Univ Rennes, Normandie Univ, CNRS, EthoS (Éthologie Animale et Humaine)—UMR 6552, 35380 Paimpont, France; (N.M.); (C.B.-H.); (A.L.)
- Institut Universitaire de France, CEDEX 05, 75231 Paris, France
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Limb Preference in Animals: New Insights into the Evolution of Manual Laterality in Hominids. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Until the 1990s, the notion of brain lateralization—the division of labor between the two hemispheres—and its more visible behavioral manifestation, handedness, remained fiercely defined as a human specific trait. Since then, many studies have evidenced lateralized functions in a wide range of species, including both vertebrates and invertebrates. In this review, we highlight the great contribution of comparative research to the understanding of human handedness’ evolutionary and developmental pathways, by distinguishing animal forelimb asymmetries for functionally different actions—i.e., potentially depending on different hemispheric specializations. Firstly, lateralization for the manipulation of inanimate objects has been associated with genetic and ontogenetic factors, with specific brain regions’ activity, and with morphological limb specializations. These could have emerged under selective pressures notably related to the animal locomotion and social styles. Secondly, lateralization for actions directed to living targets (to self or conspecifics) seems to be in relationship with the brain lateralization for emotion processing. Thirdly, findings on primates’ hand preferences for communicative gestures accounts for a link between gestural laterality and a left-hemispheric specialization for intentional communication and language. Throughout this review, we highlight the value of functional neuroimaging and developmental approaches to shed light on the mechanisms underlying human handedness.
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Dong Z, Wang G, Lu S, Li J, Yan W, Wang SJ. Spontaneous Facial Expressions and Micro-expressions Coding: From Brain to Face. Front Psychol 2022; 12:784834. [PMID: 35058850 PMCID: PMC8763852 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.784834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Facial expressions are a vital way for humans to show their perceived emotions. It is convenient for detecting and recognizing expressions or micro-expressions by annotating a lot of data in deep learning. However, the study of video-based expressions or micro-expressions requires that coders have professional knowledge and be familiar with action unit (AU) coding, leading to considerable difficulties. This paper aims to alleviate this situation. We deconstruct facial muscle movements from the motor cortex and systematically sort out the relationship among facial muscles, AU, and emotion to make more people understand coding from the basic principles: We derived the relationship between AU and emotion based on a data-driven analysis of 5,000 images from the RAF-AU database, along with the experience of professional coders.We discussed the complex facial motor cortical network system that generates facial movement properties, detailing the facial nucleus and the motor system associated with facial expressions.The supporting physiological theory for AU labeling of emotions is obtained by adding facial muscle movements patterns.We present the detailed process of emotion labeling and the detection and recognition of AU. Based on the above research, the video's coding of spontaneous expressions and micro-expressions is concluded and prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Computer Science, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shaoyuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- Department of Applied Psychology, College of Teacher Education, Wenzhou University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Su-Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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25
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Dynamic changes of large-scale resting-state functional networks in major depressive disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110369. [PMID: 34062173 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sliding window method is widely used to study the functional connectivity dynamics in brain networks. A key issue of this method is how to choose the window length and number of clusters across different window length. Here, we introduced a universal method to determine the optimal window length and number of clusters and applied it to study the dynamic functional network connectivity (FNC) in major depressive disorder (MDD). Specifically, we first extracted the resting-state networks (RSNs) in 27 medication-free MDD patients and 54 healthy controls using group independent component analysis (ICA), and constructed the dynamic FNC patterns for each subject in the window range of 10-80 repetition times (TRs) using sliding window method. Then, litekmeans algorithm was utilized to cluster the FNC patterns corresponding to each window length into 2-20 clusters. The optimal number of clusters was determined by voting method and the optimal window length was determined by identifying the most representative window length. Finally, 8 recurring FNC patterns regarded as FNC states were captured for further analyzing the dynamic attributes. Our results revealed that MDD patients showed increased mean dwell time and fraction of time spent in state #5, and the mean dwell time is correlated with depression symptom load. Additionally, compared with healthy controls, MDD patients had significantly reduced FNC within FPN in state #7. Our study reported a new approach to determine the optimal window length and number of clusters, which may facilitate the future study of the functional dynamics. These findings about MDD using dynamic FNC analyses provide new evidence to better understand the neuropathology of MDD.
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26
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Psychiatric sequelae of stroke affecting the non-dominant cerebral hemisphere. J Neurol Sci 2021; 430:120007. [PMID: 34624794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.120007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There are a plethora of cognitive sequelae in addition to neglect and extinction that arise with unilateral right hemispheric stroke (RHS). Cognitive deficits following non-dominant (right) hemisphere stroke are common with unilateral neglect and extinction being the most recognized examples. The severity of RHS is usually underestimated by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), which in terms of lateralized right hemisphere cognitive deficits, tests only for visual inattention/extinction. They account for 2 out of 42 total possible points. Additional neuropsychiatric sequelae include but are not limited to deficiencies in affective prosody comprehension and production (aprosodias), understanding and expressing facial emotions, empathy, recognition of familiar faces, anxiety, mania, apathy, and psychosis. These sequelae have a profound impact on patients' quality of life; affecting communication, interpersonal relationships, and the ability to fulfill social roles. They also pose additional challenges to recovery. There is presently a gap in the literature regarding a cohesive overview of the significant cognitive sequelae following RHS. This paper serves as a narrative survey of the current understanding of the subject, with particular emphasis on neuropsychiatric poststroke syndromes not predominantly associated with left hemisphere lesions (LHL), bilateral lesions, hemiplegia, or paralysis. A more comprehensive understanding of the neuropsychological consequences of RHS extending beyond the typical associations of unilateral neglect and extinction may have important implications for clinical practice, including the ways in which clinicians approach diagnostics, treatment, and rehabilitation.
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Asymmetry of brain structure and function: 40 years after Sperry's Nobel Prize. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 227:421-424. [PMID: 34779912 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Neumann N, Drewes V, Konstantinidis I, Reinecke KHC, Lausberg H, Helmich I. Neuropsychological functions of nonverbal hand movements and gestures during sports. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2021.1998075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Neumann
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Health Promotion and Clinical Movement Science, German Sport University (GSU) Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Developmental Psychology, Sport & Performance Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - V. Drewes
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Health Promotion and Clinical Movement Science, German Sport University (GSU) Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - I. Konstantinidis
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Health Promotion and Clinical Movement Science, German Sport University (GSU) Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - K. H. C. Reinecke
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Health Promotion and Clinical Movement Science, German Sport University (GSU) Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - H. Lausberg
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Health Promotion and Clinical Movement Science, German Sport University (GSU) Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - I. Helmich
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Health Promotion and Clinical Movement Science, German Sport University (GSU) Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Borgomaneri S, Vitale F, Battaglia S, Avenanti A. Early Right Motor Cortex Response to Happy and Fearful Facial Expressions: A TMS Motor-Evoked Potential Study. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091203. [PMID: 34573224 PMCID: PMC8471632 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to rapidly process others' emotional signals is crucial for adaptive social interactions. However, to date it is still unclear how observing emotional facial expressions affects the reactivity of the human motor cortex. To provide insights on this issue, we employed single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to investigate corticospinal motor excitability. Healthy participants observed happy, fearful and neutral pictures of facial expressions while receiving TMS over the left or right motor cortex at 150 and 300 ms after picture onset. In the early phase (150 ms), we observed an enhancement of corticospinal excitability for the observation of happy and fearful emotional faces compared to neutral expressions specifically in the right hemisphere. Interindividual differences in the disposition to experience aversive feelings (personal distress) in interpersonal emotional contexts predicted the early increase in corticospinal excitability for emotional faces. No differences in corticospinal excitability were observed at the later time (300 ms) or in the left M1. These findings support the notion that emotion perception primes the body for action and highlights the role of the right hemisphere in implementing a rapid and transient facilitatory response to emotional arousing stimuli, such as emotional facial expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Borgomaneri
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy;
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Francesca Vitale
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia (IUNE), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Simone Battaglia
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy;
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy;
- Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurosciencias Cognitivas, Universidad Católica Del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (A.A.)
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van den Berg NS, de Haan EHF, Huitema RB, Spikman JM. The neural underpinnings of facial emotion recognition in ischemic stroke patients. J Neuropsychol 2021; 15:516-532. [PMID: 33554463 PMCID: PMC8518120 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Deficits in facial emotion recognition occur frequently after stroke, with adverse social and behavioural consequences. The aim of this study was to investigate the neural underpinnings of the recognition of emotional expressions, in particular of the distinct basic emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise). A group of 110 ischaemic stroke patients with lesions in (sub)cortical areas of the cerebrum was included. Emotion recognition was assessed with the Ekman 60 Faces Test of the FEEST. Patient data were compared to data of 162 matched healthy controls (HC's). For the patients, whole brain voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) on 3-Tesla MRI images was performed. Results showed that patients performed significantly worse than HC's on both overall recognition of emotions, and specifically of disgust, fear, sadness and surprise. VLSM showed significant lesion-symptom associations for FEEST total in the right fronto-temporal region. Additionally, VLSM for the distinct emotions showed, apart from overlapping brain regions (insula, putamen and Rolandic operculum), also regions related to specific emotions. These were: middle and superior temporal gyrus (anger); caudate nucleus (disgust); superior corona radiate white matter tract, superior longitudinal fasciculus and middle frontal gyrus (happiness) and inferior frontal gyrus (sadness). Our findings help in understanding how lesions in specific brain regions can selectively affect the recognition of the basic emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils S. van den Berg
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of AmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Rients B. Huitema
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jacoba M. Spikman
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenThe Netherlands
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31
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Abstract
Background: A large body of research has shown brain asymmetries in spatial attention. Specifically, there is an attention-processing advantage for the left visual field in healthy, right-handed subjects, known as “pseudoneglect.” Several studies have revealed that emotions modulate this basic spatial phenomenon, but the direction of the effect is still unclear. Here we systematically review empirical evidence on the behavioral effects of emotion on pseudoneglect. Methods: We searched through Pubmed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and PsychArticles. Original peer-reviewed articles published until February 2021 were included if they (1) were written in English; (2) were conducted on adults; (3) included at least one task to measure pseudoneglect, and (4) included at least one task with emotional stimuli or employed a measure of emotional state/trait, as they relate to pseudoneglect. Results: Fifteen studies were included, and 784 healthy participants took part in all studies reviewed. Discussion: The results show some evidence of emotion modulation of pseudoneglect, but evidence on the direction of the effect is mixed. We discuss the role of methodological factors that could account for the available findings and the implications for emotion asymmetry hypotheses such as the right-hemisphere hypothesis, the valence-specific hypothesis, as well as neural and arousal frameworks of attention–emotion interactions.
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32
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Ross ED. Differential Hemispheric Lateralization of Emotions and Related Display Behaviors: Emotion-Type Hypothesis. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1034. [PMID: 34439653 PMCID: PMC8393469 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There are two well-known hypotheses regarding hemispheric lateralization of emotions. The Right Hemisphere Hypothesis (RHH) postulates that emotions and associated display behaviors are a dominant and lateralized function of the right hemisphere. The Valence Hypothesis (VH) posits that negative emotions and related display behaviors are modulated by the right hemisphere and positive emotions and related display behaviors are modulated by the left hemisphere. Although both the RHH and VH are supported by extensive research data, they are mutually exclusive, suggesting that there may be a missing factor in play that may provide a more accurate description of how emotions are lateralization in the brain. Evidence will be presented that provides a much broader perspective of emotions by embracing the concept that emotions can be classified into primary and social types and that hemispheric lateralization is better explained by the Emotion-type Hypothesis (ETH). The ETH posits that primary emotions and related display behaviors are modulated by the right hemisphere and social emotions and related display behaviors are modulated by the left hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott D. Ross
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; or
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Ghaderi AH, Jahan A, Akrami F, Moghadam Salimi M. Transcranial photobiomodulation changes topology, synchronizability, and complexity of resting state brain networks. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 33873167 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abf97c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) is a recently proposed non-invasive brain stimulation approach with various effects on the nervous system from the cells to the whole brain networks. Specially in the neural network level, tPBM can alter the topology and synchronizability of functional brain networks. However, the functional properties of the neural networks after tPBM are still poorly clarified.Approach. Here, we employed electroencephalography and different methods (conventional and spectral) in the graph theory analysis to track the significant effects of tPBM on the resting state brain networks. The non-parametric statistical analysis showed that just one short-term tPBM session over right medial frontal pole can significantly change both topological (i.e. clustering coefficient, global efficiency, local efficiency, eigenvector centrality) and dynamical (i.e. energy, largest eigenvalue, and entropy) features of resting state brain networks.Main results. The topological results revealed that tPBM can reduce local processing, centrality, and laterality. Furthermore, the increased centrality of central electrode was observed.Significance. These results suggested that tPBM can alter topology of resting state brain network to facilitate the neural information processing. On the other hand, the dynamical results showed that tPBM reduced stability of synchronizability and increased complexity in the resting state brain networks. These effects can be considered in association with the increased complexity of connectivity patterns among brain regions and the enhanced information propagation in the resting state brain networks. Overall, both topological and dynamical features of brain networks suggest that although tPBM decreases local processing (especially in the right hemisphere) and disrupts synchronizability of network, but it can increase the level of information transferring and processing in the brain network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Ghaderi
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Canada.,Department of psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Iranian Neurowave Lab, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Jahan
- Department of Speech Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Akrami
- Iranian Neurowave Lab, Isfahan, Iran.,Faculty of Health Management and Information, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Moghadam Salimi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Aktürk T, de Graaf TA, Abra Y, Şahoğlu-Göktaş S, Özkan D, Kula A, Güntekin B. Event-related EEG oscillatory responses elicited by dynamic facial expression. Biomed Eng Online 2021; 20:41. [PMID: 33906649 PMCID: PMC8077950 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-021-00882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recognition of facial expressions (FEs) plays a crucial role in social interactions. Most studies on FE recognition use static (image) stimuli, even though real-life FEs are dynamic. FE processing is complex and multifaceted, and its neural correlates remain unclear. Transitioning from static to dynamic FE stimuli might help disentangle the neural oscillatory mechanisms underlying face processing and recognition of emotion expression. To our knowledge, we here present the first time-frequency exploration of oscillatory brain mechanisms underlying the processing of dynamic FEs. RESULTS Videos of joyful, fearful, and neutral dynamic facial expressions were presented to 18 included healthy young adults. We analyzed event-related activity in electroencephalography (EEG) data, focusing on the delta, theta, and alpha-band oscillations. Since the videos involved a transition from neutral to emotional expressions (onset around 500 ms), we identified time windows that might correspond to face perception initially (time window 1; first TW), and emotion expression recognition subsequently (around 1000 ms; second TW). First TW showed increased power and phase-locking values for all frequency bands. In the first TW, power and phase-locking values were higher in the delta and theta bands for emotional FEs as compared to neutral FEs, thus potentially serving as a marker for emotion recognition in dynamic face processing. CONCLUSIONS Our time-frequency exploration revealed consistent oscillatory responses to complex, dynamic, ecologically meaningful FE stimuli. We conclude that while dynamic FE processing involves complex network dynamics, dynamic FEs were successfully used to reveal temporally separate oscillation responses related to face processing and subsequently emotion expression recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Aktürk
- Program of Electroneurophysiology, Vocational School, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Program of Neuroscience Ph.D, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Tom A de Graaf
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Yasemin Abra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
- Institute for Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Universität Der Bundeswehr München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sevilay Şahoğlu-Göktaş
- Program of Neuroscience Ph.D, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Özkan
- Meram Faculty of Medicine, Konya Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Aysun Kula
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Bahar Güntekin
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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35
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Siniscalchi M, d’Ingeo S, Quaranta A. Lateralized emotional functioning in domestic animals. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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36
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Wells DL. Paw preference as a tool for assessing emotional functioning and welfare in dogs and cats: A review. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2020.105148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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MORC1 methylation and BDI are associated with microstructural features of the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. J Affect Disord 2021; 282:91-97. [PMID: 33401128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) have frequently been reported in depressed patients. These parameters might prove to be a consistent finding in depression. In addition, peripheral DNA methylation of the MORC1 gene promoter showed stable associations with depression across independent samples. However, the question arises whether MORC1, supposedly acting as transcription factor, might also be involved in neurobiological alterations accompanying depression. This study further analyses the role of MORC1 in depression by investigating a potential correlation between peripheral MORC1 DNA methylation and neuronal structural properties previously associated with depression in humans. METHODS Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was assessed in 52 healthy participants. DNA was extracted from buccal cells and MORC1 methylation correlated with micro- and macrostructural properties derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). RESULTS MORC1 methylation was associated with volume reduction and neurite orientation dispersion and density markers in the hippocampus and mPFC. BDI was positively associated with neurite orientation dispersion and density markers in the hippocampus. LIMITATIONS The study was conducted in a small sample of healthy participants with subclinical depressive symptoms. Peripheral tissue was analyzed. CONCLUSION We found significant negative associations between peripheral MORC1 methylation and macro- and microstructural markers in the hippocampus and mPFC. Thus, MORC1 might be involved in neurobiological properties. Studies investigating neuronal methylation patterns of MORC1 are needed to support this hypothesis.
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Ouerchefani R, Ouerchefani N, Kammoun B, Ben Rejeb MR, Le Gall D. A Voxel-based lesion study on facial emotion recognition after circumscribed prefrontal cortex damage. J Neuropsychol 2021; 15:533-563. [PMID: 33595204 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown inconsistent findings regarding the contribution of the different prefrontal regions in emotion recognition. Moreover, the hemispheric lateralization hypothesis posits that the right hemisphere is dominant for processing all emotions regardless of affective valence, whereas the valence specificity hypothesis posits that the left hemisphere is specialized for processing positive emotions while the right hemisphere is specialized for negative emotions. However, recent findings suggest that the evidence for such lateralization has been less consistent. In this study, we investigated emotion recognition of fear, surprise, happiness, sadness, disgust, and anger in 30 patients with focal prefrontal cortex lesions and 30 control subjects. We also examined the impact of lesion laterality on recognition of the six basic emotions. The results showed that compared to control subjects, the frontal subgroups were impaired in recognition of three negative basic emotions of fear, sadness, and anger - regardless of the lesion laterality. Therefore, our findings did not establish that each hemisphere is specialized for processing specific emotions. Moreover, the voxel-based lesion symptom mapping analysis showed that recognition of fear, sadness, and anger draws on a partially common bilaterally distributed prefrontal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riadh Ouerchefani
- High Institute of Human Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Psychology of Pays de la Loire (EA 4638), University of Angers, France
| | | | - Brahim Kammoun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Didier Le Gall
- Laboratory of Psychology of Pays de la Loire (EA 4638), University of Angers, France
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Baldachini M, Regaiolli B, Llorente M, Riba D, Spiezio C. The Influence of Target Animacy and Social Rank on Hand Preference in Barbary Macaques (Macaca sylvanus). INT J PRIMATOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-020-00193-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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40
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Stanković M. A conceptual critique of brain lateralization models in emotional face perception: Toward a hemispheric functional-equivalence (HFE) model. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 160:57-70. [PMID: 33186657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The present review proposes a novel dynamic model of brain lateralization of emotional (happy, surprised, fearful, sad, angry, and disgusted) and neutral face perception. Evidence to date suggests that emotional face perception is lateralized in the brain. At least five prominent hypotheses of the lateralization of emotional face perception have been previously proposed; the right-hemisphere hypothesis; the valence-specific hypothesis; the modified valence-specific hypothesis; the motivational hypothesis; and behavioral activation/inhibition system hypothesis. However, a growing number of recent replication studies exploring those hypotheses frequently provide inconsistent or even contradictory results. The latest neuroimaging and behavioral studies strongly demonstrate the functional capacity of both hemispheres to process emotions relatively successfully. Moreover, the flexibility of emotional brain-networks in both hemispheres is functionally high even to the extent of a possible reversed asymmetry of the left and the right hemisphere performance under altered neurophysiological and psychological conditions. The present review aims to a) provide a critical conceptual analysis of prior and current hypotheses of brain lateralization of emotional and neutral face perception; b) propose an integrative introduction of a novel hemispheric functional-equivalence (HFE) model in emotional and neutral face perception based on the evaluation of theoretical considerations, behavioral and neuroimaging studies: the brain is initially right-biased in emotional and neutral face perception by default; however, altered psychophysiological conditions (e.g., acute stress, a demanding emotional task) activate a distributed brain-network of both hemispheres toward functional equivalence that results in relatively equalized behavioral performance in emotional and neutral face perception. The proposed novel model may provide a practical tool in further experimental investigation of brain lateralization of emotional face perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Stanković
- General and Experimental Psychology, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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Heffer T, Willoughby T. A longitudinal study investigating trajectories of sensitivity to threat over time and their association with alpha asymmetry among children and adolescents. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 46:100863. [PMID: 33157502 PMCID: PMC7649451 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has yet to investigate trajectories of sensitivity to threat across childhood and adolescence. Further, neural associations of these trajectories remain unknown. The current 3-year study used a latent class growth curve analysis to investigate whether there were distinct trajectories of sensitivity to threat among children and adolescents over time (N = 363; age range at Time 1 = 8-14). We also examined whether alpha asymmetry (a neural index of motivational tendencies) was associated with the different trajectories. Results revealed three distinct trajectory groups (1) high-stable sensitivity to threat, (2) moderate-increasing sensitivity to threat and (3) low-stable sensitivity to threat. The high-stable sensitivity to threat group had greater right frontal asymmetry activation (i.e., greater neural avoidance motivation) than the other two groups. Additionally, females, those with higher parental education, and individuals with more advanced pubertal development (but not age) had greater odds of being part of the high-stable sensitivity to threat group compared to the other groups. Of interest, puberty rather than age may be an important indicator of heightened sensitivity to threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Heffer
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Teena Willoughby
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
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Kajal DS, Fioravanti C, Elshahabi A, Ruiz S, Sitaram R, Braun C. Involvement of top-down networks in the perception of facial emotions: A magnetoencephalographic investigation. Neuroimage 2020; 222:117075. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Abstract
Humans are highly social animals whose survival and well-being depend on their capacity to cooperate in complex social settings. Advances in anthropology and psychology have demonstrated the importance of cooperation for enhancing social cohesion and minimizing conflict. The understanding of social behavior is informed by the notion of social cognition, a set of mental operations including emotion perception, mentalizing, and empathy. The social brain hypothesis posits that the mammalian brain has enlarged over evolution to meet the challenges of social life, culminating in a large human brain well adapted for social cognition. The structures subserving social cognition are mainly located in the frontal and temporal lobes, and although gray matter is critical, social cognition also requires white matter. Whereas the social brain hypothesis assumes that brain enlargement has been driven by neocortical expansion, cerebral white matter has expanded even more robustly than the neocortex, coinciding with the emergence of social cognition. White matter expansion is most evident in the frontal and temporal lobes, where it enhances connectivity between regions critical for social cognition. Myelination has, in turn, conferred adaptive social advantages by enabling prompt empathic concern for offspring and by strengthening networks that support cooperation and the related capacities of altruism and morality. Social cognition deficits related to myelinated tract involvement occur in many disorders, including stroke, Binswanger disease, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, glioma, and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. The contribution of white matter to social cognition can be conceptualized as the enhancement of cooperation through brain connectivity.
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44
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Asymmetry of turning behavior in rats is modulated by early life stress. Behav Brain Res 2020; 393:112807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Salami A, Andreu-Perez J, Gillmeister H. Symptoms of depersonalisation/derealisation disorder as measured by brain electrical activity: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 118:524-537. [PMID: 32846163 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Depersonalisation/derealisation disorder (DPD) refers to frequent and persistent detachment from bodily self and disengagement from the outside world. As a dissociative disorder, DPD affects 1-2 % of the population, but takes 7-12 years on average to be accurately diagnosed. In this systematic review, we comprehensively describe research targeting the neural correlates of core DPD symptoms, covering publications between 1992 and 2020 that have used electrophysiological techniques. The aim was to investigate the diagnostic potential of these relatively inexpensive and convenient neuroimaging tools. We review the EEG power spectrum, components of the event-related potential (ERP), as well as vestibular and heartbeat evoked potentials as likely electrophysiological biomarkers to study DPD symptoms. We argue that acute anxiety- or trauma-related impairments in the integration of interoceptive and exteroceptive signals play a key role in the formation of DPD symptoms, and that future research needs analysis methods that can take this integration into account. We suggest tools for prospective studies of electrophysiological DPD biomarkers, which are urgently needed to fully develop their diagnostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Salami
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK; Smart Health Technologies Group, Centre for Computational Intelligence, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK.
| | - Javier Andreu-Perez
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK; Smart Health Technologies Group, Centre for Computational Intelligence, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK.
| | - Helge Gillmeister
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Brain Science, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK; Smart Health Technologies Group, Centre for Computational Intelligence, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK.
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Cao R, Shi H, Wang X, Huo S, Hao Y, Wang B, Guo H, Xiang J. Hemispheric Asymmetry of Functional Brain Networks under Different Emotions Using EEG Data. ENTROPY 2020; 22:e22090939. [PMID: 33286708 PMCID: PMC7597206 DOI: 10.3390/e22090939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite many studies reporting hemispheric asymmetry in the representation and processing of emotions, the essence of the asymmetry remains controversial. Brain network analysis based on electroencephalography (EEG) is a useful biological method to study brain function. Here, EEG data were recorded while participants watched different emotional videos. According to the videos’ emotional categories, the data were divided into four categories: high arousal high valence (HAHV), low arousal high valence (LAHV), low arousal low valence (LALV) and high arousal low valence (HALV). The phase lag index as a connectivity index was calculated in theta (4–7 Hz), alpha (8–13 Hz), beta (14–30 Hz) and gamma (31–45 Hz) bands. Hemispheric networks were constructed for each trial, and graph theory was applied to quantify the hemispheric networks’ topological properties. Statistical analyses showed significant topological differences in the gamma band. The left hemispheric network showed significantly higher clustering coefficient (Cp), global efficiency (Eg) and local efficiency (Eloc) and lower characteristic path length (Lp) under HAHV emotion. The right hemispheric network showed significantly higher Cp and Eloc and lower Lp under HALV emotion. The results showed that the left hemisphere was dominant for HAHV emotion, while the right hemisphere was dominant for HALV emotion. The research revealed the relationship between emotion and hemispheric asymmetry from the perspective of brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cao
- Department of Software Engineering, College of Software, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030600, China; (H.S.); (S.H.); (Y.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Huiyu Shi
- Department of Software Engineering, College of Software, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030600, China; (H.S.); (S.H.); (Y.H.)
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030600, China; (X.W.); (B.W.); (H.G.); (J.X.)
| | - Shoujun Huo
- Department of Software Engineering, College of Software, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030600, China; (H.S.); (S.H.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yan Hao
- Department of Software Engineering, College of Software, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030600, China; (H.S.); (S.H.); (Y.H.)
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030600, China; (X.W.); (B.W.); (H.G.); (J.X.)
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030600, China; (X.W.); (B.W.); (H.G.); (J.X.)
| | - Jie Xiang
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030600, China; (X.W.); (B.W.); (H.G.); (J.X.)
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Abstract
Comparative studies on brain asymmetry date back to the 19th century but then largely disappeared due to the assumption that lateralization is uniquely human. Since the reemergence of this field in the 1970s, we learned that left-right differences of brain and behavior exist throughout the animal kingdom and pay off in terms of sensory, cognitive, and motor efficiency. Ontogenetically, lateralization starts in many species with asymmetrical expression patterns of genes within the Nodal cascade that set up the scene for later complex interactions of genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors. These take effect during different time points of ontogeny and create asymmetries of neural networks in diverse species. As a result, depending on task demands, left- or right-hemispheric loops of feedforward or feedback projections are then activated and can temporarily dominate a neural process. In addition, asymmetries of commissural transfer can shape lateralized processes in each hemisphere. It is still unclear if interhemispheric interactions depend on an inhibition/excitation dichotomy or instead adjust the contralateral temporal neural structure to delay the other hemisphere or synchronize with it during joint action. As outlined in our review, novel animal models and approaches could be established in the last decades, and they already produced a substantial increase of knowledge. Since there is practically no realm of human perception, cognition, emotion, or action that is not affected by our lateralized neural organization, insights from these comparative studies are crucial to understand the functions and pathologies of our asymmetric brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Güntürkün
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Felix Ströckens
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ocklenburg
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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48
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Fernández D, Ros L, Sánchez-Reolid R, Ricarte JJ, Latorre JM. Effectiveness of the level of personal relevance of visual autobiographical stimuli in the induction of positive emotions in young and older adults: pilot study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2020; 21:663. [PMID: 32690050 PMCID: PMC7370414 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to retrieve specific memories is a cognitive and emotional protective factor. Among the most effective techniques to generate autobiographical memories is the use of audio-visual stimuli, particularly images. Developing and improving techniques that facilitate the generation of such memories could be highly effective in the prevention of depressive symptoms, especially in the elderly population. The aim of the present study is to examine how the level of personal relevance of pictures as autobiographical memory cues to induce positive emotions may affect an individual's emotion regulation. METHODS The participants, 120 older adults aged 65 and over and 120 young adults aged between 18 and 35, of both sexes and without depressive symptoms, will be induced to a negative mood state by means of viewing a film clip. Following the negative mood induction, the participants will be shown positive images according to experimental group to which they were randomly assigned (high personal relevance: personal autobiographical photographs; medium personal relevance: pictures of favourite locations associated with specific positive autobiographical memories; and low personal relevance: positive images from the International Affective Picture System). We will analyse the differences in subjective (responses to questionnaires) and objectives measures (EEG signal, heart rate variability and electrodermal activity) between the groups before and after the induction of negative affect and following the recall of positive memories. DISCUSSION The use of images associated with specific positive autobiographical memories may be an effective input for inducing positive mood states, which has potentially important implications for their use as a cognitive behavioural technique to treat emotional disorders, such as depression, which are highly prevalent among older adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04251104 . Registered on 30 January 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Fernández
- Department of Psychology, University of Castilla La Mancha, 02006, Albacete, Spain
| | - Laura Ros
- Department of Psychology, University of Castilla La Mancha, 02006, Albacete, Spain.
| | - Roberto Sánchez-Reolid
- Computer Research Institute, University of Castilla La Mancha, 02071, Albacete, Spain.,IT Systems Department, University of Castilla La Mancha, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Jorge Javier Ricarte
- Department of Psychology, University of Castilla La Mancha, 02006, Albacete, Spain
| | - José Miguel Latorre
- Department of Psychology, University of Castilla La Mancha, 02006, Albacete, Spain
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49
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Ioannucci S, George N, Friedrich P, Cerliani L, Thiebaut de Schotten M. White matter correlates of hemi-face dominance in happy and sad expression. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:1379-1388. [PMID: 32055980 PMCID: PMC7116479 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02040-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The neural underpinnings of human emotional expression are thought to be unevenly distributed among the two brain hemispheres. However, little is known on the anatomy supporting this claim, particularly in the cerebral white matter. Here, we explored the relationship between hemi-face dominance in emotional expression and cerebral white matter asymmetries in 33 healthy participants. Measures of emotional expression were derived from pictures of the participant's faces in a 'happy smiling' and a 'sad frowning' conditions. Chimeric faces were constructed by mirroring right and left hemi-faces, as done in previous studies, resulting in a left mirrored and right mirrored chimeric face per picture. To gain measures of hemi-face dominance per participant, a jury of 20 additional participants rated which chimeric face shows the higher intensity of emotional expressivity, by marking a 155 mm line between the two versions. Measures of the asymmetry of the uncinate, the cingulum and the three branches of superior longitudinal fasciculi were derived from diffusion-weighted imaging tractography dissections. Group effect analyses indicated that the degree of asymmetry in emotional expression was not as prominent as reported in the literature and showed a large inter-individual variability. The degree of asymmetry in emotional expression was, however, significantly associated with the asymmetries in connective properties of the fronto-temporal and fronto-parietal tracts, specifically the uncinate fasciculus and the first branch of the superior longitudinal fasciculus. Therefore, this result raises novel hypotheses on the relationship of specific white matter tracts and emotional expression, especially their role in mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ioannucci
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives Et Integratives D'Aquitaine-UMR 5287, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Nathalie George
- Institut du Cerveau Et de La Moelle Epinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Experimental Neurosurgery Team and CENIR, Centre MEG-EEG, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Friedrich
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- Groupe D'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut Des Maladies Neurodégénératives-UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Leonardo Cerliani
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Universiteit Van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Thiebaut de Schotten
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France.
- Groupe D'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut Des Maladies Neurodégénératives-UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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Chen Y, Huang AX, Faber I, Makransky G, Perez-Cueto FJA. Assessing the Influence of Visual-Taste Congruency on Perceived Sweetness and Product Liking in Immersive VR. Foods 2020; 9:foods9040465. [PMID: 32283682 PMCID: PMC7230737 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to assess whether the combined effect of taste-congruent and incongruent extrinsic visual cues presented in virtual reality (VR) influences the perception of sweetness and product liking. Three VR environments (sweet-congruent, sweet-incongruent, and neutral) were created based on the evidence in existing literature. Participants tasted the same beverage in three VR environments and evaluated the environment and beverage liking, as well as perceived taste intensity (sweetness, sourness, and bitterness), congruency, comfort, and environment vividness. Frontal EEG alpha asymmetry (FAA) was also recorded as a complementary physiological measurement of overall liking. The results showed that the perceived sweetness of the beverage was significantly elevated in a sweet-congruent environment versus the other environments. Visual-taste congruency did not seem to have an effect on beverage liking and overall liking, whereas an increase in environment liking was found in the incongruent environment versus the other environments. These findings confirmed the significant influence of taste-specific visual cues on flavour perception, while the successful use of VR in the study provided insight into future applications of taste-specific VR environment in the modulation of flavour perception and sugar reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Federiksberg C, Denmark; (Y.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Arya Xinran Huang
- School of Design, Royal College of Art, Kensington Gore, London SW7 2EU, UK;
| | - Ilona Faber
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Federiksberg C, Denmark; (Y.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Guido Makransky
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 2A, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark;
| | - Federico J. A. Perez-Cueto
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Federiksberg C, Denmark; (Y.C.); (I.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-607-433-90
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