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Redruello B, Arranz D, Szekeres B, Del Rio B, Alvarez MA. Identification of technological/metabolic/environmental profiles associated with cheeses accumulating the neuroactive compound tryptamine. Food Chem 2024; 460:140622. [PMID: 39089014 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Tryptamine is a neuromodulator of the central nervous system. It is also a biogenic amine, formed by the microbial decarboxylation of L-tryptophan. Tryptamine accumulation in cheese has been scarcely examined. No studies are available regarding the factors that could influence its accumulation. Determining the tryptamine content and identifying the factors that influence its accumulation could help in the design of functional tryptamine-enriched cheeses without potentially toxic concentrations being reached. We report the tryptamine concentration of 300 cheese samples representing 201 varieties. 16% of the samples accumulated tryptamine, at between 3.20 mg kg-1 and 3012.14 mg kg-1 (mean of 29.21 mg kg-1). 4.7% of cheeses accumulated tryptamine at higher levels than those described as potentially toxic. Moreover, three technological/metabolic/environmental profiles associated with tryptamine-containing cheese were identified, as well as the hallmark varieties reflecting each. Such knowledge could be useful for the dairy industry to control the tryptamine content of their products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Redruello
- Molecular Microbiology Research Group, Dairy Research Institute (IPLA) CSIC, Paseo Rio Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; Molecular Microbiology Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain..
| | - David Arranz
- Molecular Microbiology Research Group, Dairy Research Institute (IPLA) CSIC, Paseo Rio Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; Molecular Microbiology Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Barbara Szekeres
- Molecular Microbiology Research Group, Dairy Research Institute (IPLA) CSIC, Paseo Rio Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Beatriz Del Rio
- Molecular Microbiology Research Group, Dairy Research Institute (IPLA) CSIC, Paseo Rio Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; Molecular Microbiology Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Miguel A Alvarez
- Molecular Microbiology Research Group, Dairy Research Institute (IPLA) CSIC, Paseo Rio Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; Molecular Microbiology Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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2
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Xu J, Zhang Y, Cai Q, Chen L, Sun Y, Liu Q, Gao Y, Chen H. Green Late-Stage Functionalization of Tryptamines. Chemistry 2024:e202401436. [PMID: 38869004 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
An efficient and rapid protocol for the oxidative halogenation of tryptamines with 10 % aqueous NaClO has been developed. This reaction is featured by its operational simplicity, metal-free conditions, no purification, and high yield. Notably, the resulting key intermediates are suitable for further functionalization with various nucleophiles, including amines, N-aromatic heterocycles, indoles and phenols. The overall transformation exhibits broad functional-group tolerance and is applicable to the late-stage functionalization of complex biorelevant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yahui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Qiling Cai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Li Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yang Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Qinying Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Haijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
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3
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Kamio S, Okamoto K, Yamagishi T, Nagaki A. Synthesis of Deuterated Compounds by Flow Chemistry. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300744. [PMID: 38450881 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Development of the efficient and practical method for the synthesis of deuterated compounds which occupies the broadest area among stable isotopes is one of the most essential issues toward the industrial advance and building a sustainable society. This review describes recent advances in deuteration reactions, where the continuous flow chemistry plays pivotal roles for the successful installation of deuterium atom into diverse organic frameworks, opening new fields of isotope-based synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Kamio
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, 006-8585, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Yamagishi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, 006-8585, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810, Sapporo, Japan
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4
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Barman R, Kumar Bora P, Saikia J, Konwar P, Sarkar A, Kemprai P, Proteem Saikia S, Haldar S, Slater A, Banik D. Hypothetical biosynthetic pathways of pharmaceutically potential hallucinogenic metabolites in Myristicaceae, mechanistic convergence and co-evolutionary trends in plants and humans. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 218:113928. [PMID: 38035973 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The family Myristicaceae harbour mind-altering phenylpropanoids like myristicin, elemicin, safrole, tryptamine derivatives such as N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and 5-methoxy N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) and β-carbolines such as 1-methyl-6-methoxy-dihydro-β-carboline and 2-methyl-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline. This study aimed to systematically review and propose the hypothetical biosynthetic pathways of hallucinogenic metabolites of Myristicaceae which have the potential to be used pharmaceutically. Relevant publications were retrieved from online databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed Central, Science Direct and the distribution of the hallucinogens among the family was compiled. The review revealed that the biosynthesis of serotonin in plants was catalysed by tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (T5H) and tryptophan 5-hydroxylase (TPH), whereas in invertebrates and vertebrates only by tryptophan 5-hydroxylase (TPH). Indolethylamine-N-methyltransferase catalyses the biosynthesis of DMT in plants and the brains of humans and other mammals. Caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase catalyses the biosynthesis of both phenylpropanoids and tryptamines in plants. All the hallucinogenic markers exhibited neuropsychiatric effects in humans as mechanistic convergence. The review noted that DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, and β-carbolines were natural protectants against both plant stress and neurodegenerative human ailments. The protein sequence data of tryptophan 5-hydroxylase and tryptamine 5-hydroxylase retrieved from NCBI showed a co-evolutionary relationship in between animals and plants on the phylogenetic framework of a Maximum Parsimony tree. The review also demonstrates that the biosynthesis of serotonin, DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, 5-hydroxy dimethyltryptamine, and β-carbolines in plants, as well as endogenous secretion of these compounds in the brain and blood of humans and rodents, reflects co-evolutionary mutualism in plants and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubi Barman
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat - 785006, Assam, India; AcSIR - Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Pranjit Kumar Bora
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat - 785006, Assam, India; AcSIR - Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Jadumoni Saikia
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat - 785006, Assam, India; AcSIR - Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Parthapratim Konwar
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat - 785006, Assam, India; AcSIR - Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Aditya Sarkar
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat - 785006, Assam, India
| | - Phirose Kemprai
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat - 785006, Assam, India; AcSIR - Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Siddhartha Proteem Saikia
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat - 785006, Assam, India; AcSIR - Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Saikat Haldar
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat - 785006, Assam, India; AcSIR - Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Adrian Slater
- Faculty of School of Health and Allied Sciences, Biomolecular Technology Group, Hawthorn Building HB1.12, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Dipanwita Banik
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat - 785006, Assam, India; AcSIR - Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad - 201002, India.
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5
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Liu Z, Mu C, Zhu W. Metagenomics-based inference of microbial metabolism towards neuroactive amino acids and the response to antibiotics in piglet colon. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1333-1347. [PMID: 37581868 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03311-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Gut-derived neuroactive metabolites from amino acids perform a broad range of physiological roles in the body. However, the interaction between microbiota and epithelium in the metabolism of amino acids with neuroactive properties remains unclear in the colon of piglets. To investigate the microbial and epithelial metabolism, metagenomics and mucosal metabolomics were performed using colonic samples from 12 ileum-canulated piglets subjected to a 25-day infusion with saline or antibiotics. We categorized 23 metabolites derived from the metabolism of tryptophan, glutamate, and tyrosine, known as precursors of neuroactive metabolites. Microbial enzymes involved in the kynurenine synthesis via arylformamidase, 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis via putrescine aminotransferase, and tyramine synthesis via tyrosine decarboxylase were identified in Clostridiales bacterium, uncultured Blautia sp., and Methanobrevibacter wolinii, respectively. Antibiotics significantly affected the microbiota involved in tryptophan-kynurenine and glutamate-GABA metabolism. An increase in the relative abundance of putrescine aminotransferase and Blautia sp. correlated positively with an increase in luminal GABA concentration. Overall, our findings provide new insights into the microbial ability to metabolize key amino acids that are precursors of neuroactive metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Liu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunlong Mu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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6
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Ortega MA, Álvarez-Mon MA, García-Montero C, Fraile-Martínez Ó, Monserrat J, Martinez-Rozas L, Rodríguez-Jiménez R, Álvarez-Mon M, Lahera G. Microbiota-gut-brain axis mechanisms in the complex network of bipolar disorders: potential clinical implications and translational opportunities. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2645-2673. [PMID: 36707651 PMCID: PMC10615769 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01964-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorders (BD) represent a severe leading disabling mental condition worldwide characterized by episodic and often progressive mood fluctuations with manic and depressive stages. The biological mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of BD remain incompletely understood, but it seems that there is a complex picture of genetic and environmental factors implicated. Nowadays, gut microbiota is in the spotlight of new research related to this kind of psychiatric disorder, as it can be consistently related to several pathophysiological events observed in BD. In the context of the so-called microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis, it is shown to have a strong influence on host neuromodulation and endocrine functions (i.e., controlling the synthesis of neurotransmitters like serotonin or mediating the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis), as well as in modulation of host immune responses, critically regulating intestinal, systemic and brain inflammation (neuroinflammation). The present review aims to elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms derived from the MGB axis disruption and possible therapeutic approaches mainly focusing on gut microbiota in the complex network of BD. Understanding the mechanisms of gut microbiota and its bidirectional communication with the immune and other systems can shed light on the discovery of new therapies for improving the clinical management of these patients. Besides, the effect of psychiatric drugs on gut microbiota currently used in BD patients, together with new therapeutical approaches targeting this ecosystem (dietary patterns, probiotics, prebiotics, and other novelties) will also be contemplated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Angel Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Fraile-Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Martinez-Rozas
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Health Research 12 de Octubre Hospital, (Imas 12)/CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias (CIBEREHD), Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Psychiatry Service, Center for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lahera
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Psychiatry Service, Center for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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7
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Zhang W, Teng M, Yan J, Chen L. Study effect and mechanism of levofloxacin on the neurotoxicity of Rana nigromaculata tadpoles exposed to imidacloprid based on the microbe-gut-brain axis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162098. [PMID: 36764551 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms may be simultaneously exposed to antibiotics and pesticides. After levofloxacin (LVFX), imidacloprid (IMI) exposure and co-exposure at environmental levels, we found LVFX and IMI had antagonistic effect on the neurotoxicity of tadpoles. IMI-induced neurotoxicity on tadpoles can be explained by oxidative stress and hormone levels in some degree. By regulating ornithine, l-asparagine, putrescine and tryptamine in the intestine, LVFX affected glutathione metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, tyrosine metabolism and aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis, so then eased the neurotoxicity caused by IMI. More interestingly, Fusobacteriota and Cetobacterium might play an important role on easing the neurotoxicity caused by IMI. In addition, LVFX might have a laxation effect on the increased relative abundance of Bacteroidota caused by IMI. In conclusion, IMI not only affected oxidative stress and hormone levels in the brain, but also affected the synthesis of neurotransmitters in the intestine by regulating intestinal microbiota. In LVFX and IMI co-exposed groups, LVFX alleviated the neurotoxicity caused by IMI through regulating the intestinal microbiota, showing as an antagonistic effect. Our results provided a new perspective for aquatic ecological risk assessment under co-exposure of antibiotics and pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Miaomiao Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jin Yan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Li Chen
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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8
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Nguyen VH, Wemheuer B, Song W, Bennett H, Webster N, Thomas T. Identification, classification, and functional characterization of novel sponge-associated acidimicrobiial species. Syst Appl Microbiol 2023; 46:126426. [PMID: 37141831 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2023.126426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sponges are known to harbour an exceptional diversity of uncultured microorganisms, including members of the phylum Actinobacteriota. While members of the actinobacteriotal class Actinomycetia have been studied intensively due to their potential for secondary metabolite production, the sister class of Acidimicrobiia is often more abundant in sponges. However, the taxonomy, functions, and ecological roles of sponge-associated Acidimicrobiia are largely unknown. Here, we reconstructed and characterized 22 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of Acidimicrobiia from three sponge species. These MAGs represented six novel species, belonging to five genera, four families, and two orders, which are all uncharacterized (except the order Acidimicrobiales) and for which we propose nomenclature. These six uncultured species have either only been found in sponges and/or corals and have varying degrees of specificity to their host species. Functional gene profiling indicated that these six species shared a similar potential to non-symbiotic Acidimicrobiia with respect to amino acid biosynthesis and utilization of sulfur compounds. However, sponge-associated Acidimicrobiia differed from their non-symbiotic counterparts by relying predominantly on organic rather than inorganic sources of energy, and their predicted capacity to synthesise bioactive compounds or their precursors implicated in host defence. Additionally, the species possess the genetic capacity to degrade aromatic compounds that are frequently found in sponges. The novel Acidimicrobiia may also potentially mediate host development by modulating Hedgehog signalling and by the production of serotonin, which can affect host body contractions and digestion. These results highlight unique genomic and metabolic features of six new acidimicrobiial species that potentially support a sponge-associated lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Hung Nguyen
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bernd Wemheuer
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Weizhi Song
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Holly Bennett
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicole Webster
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Australian Antarctic Division, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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9
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Hafza N, Li N, Luqman A, Götz F. Identification of a serotonin N-acetyltransferase from Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ED99. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1073539. [PMID: 36910235 PMCID: PMC9992809 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1073539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) catalyzes the biosynthesis of N-acetylserotonin (NAS) and N-acetyltryptamine (NAT), two pleiotropic molecules with neurotransmitter functions. Here, we report the identification of a SNAT protein in the genus Staphylococcus. The SNAT gene identified in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ED99, namely SPSE_0802, encodes a 140 residues-long cytoplasmic protein. The recombinant protein SPSE_0802 was expressed in E. coli BL21 and found to acetylate serotonin (SER) and tryptamine (TRY) as well as other trace amines in vitro. The production of the neuromodulators NAS and NAT was detected in the cultures of different members of the genus Staphylococcus and the role of SPSE_0802 in this production was confirmed in an ED99 SPSE_0802 deletion mutant. A search for SNAT homologues showed that the enzyme is widely distributed across the genus which correlated with the SNAT activity detected in 22 out of the 40 Staphylococcus strains tested. The N-acetylated products of SNAT are precursors for melatonin synthesis and are known to act as neurotransmitters and activate melatonin receptors, among others, inducing various responses in the human body. The identification of SNAT in staphylococci could contribute to a better understanding of the interaction between those human colonizers and the host peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhane Hafza
- Microbial Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ningna Li
- Microbial Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Arif Luqman
- Biology Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Friedrich Götz
- Microbial Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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10
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Badawy AB. Tryptophan metabolism and disposition in cancer biology and immunotherapy. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:BSR20221682. [PMID: 36286592 PMCID: PMC9653095 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20221682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumours utilise tryptophan (Trp) and its metabolites to promote their growth and evade host defences. They recruit Trp through up-regulation of Trp transporters, and up-regulate key enzymes of Trp degradation and down-regulate others. Thus, Trp 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), IDO2, N'-formylkynurenine formamidase (FAMID) and Kyn aminotransferase 1 (KAT1) are all up-regulated in many cancer types, whereas Kyn monooxygenase (KMO), kynureninase (KYNU), 2-amino-3-carboxymuconic acid-6-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) and quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRT) are up-regulated in a few, but down-regulated in many, cancers. This results in accumulation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand kynurenic acid and in depriving the host of NAD+ by blocking its synthesis from quinolinic acid. The host loses more NAD+ by up-regulation of the NAD+-consuming poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and the protein acetylaters SIRTs. The nicotinamide arising from PARP and SIRT activation can be recycled in tumours to NAD+ by the up-regulated key enzymes of the salvage pathway. Up-regulation of the Trp transporters SLC1A5 and SLC7A5 is associated mostly with that of TDO2 = FAMID > KAT1 > IDO2 > IDO1. Tumours down-regulate enzymes of serotonin synthesis, thereby removing competition for Trp from the serotonin pathway. Strategies for combating tumoral immune escape could involve inhibition of Trp transport into tumours, inhibition of TDO and IDOs, inhibition of FAMID, inhibition of KAT and KYNU, inhibition of NMPRT and NMNAT, inhibition of the AhR, IL-4I1, PARPs and SIRTs, and by decreasing plasma free Trp availability to tumours by albumin infusion or antilipolytic agents and inhibition of glucocorticoid induction of TDO by glucocorticoid antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulla A.-B. Badawy
- Formerly School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Western Avenue, Cardiff CF5 2YB, Wales, U.K
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11
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Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of 2-Methyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylate Derivatives via Pd-Catalyzed Heterocyclization. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14030435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Indole moiety is well-known as a superlative framework in many natural products and synthetic pharmaceuticals. Herein, we report an efficient procedure to synthesize a series of functionalized 2-methyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylate derivatives from commercially available anilines properly functionalized by different electron-withdrawing and -donating groups through a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative coupling. The conversion of a variety of enamines into the relevant indole was optimized by exposing the neat mixture of reactants to microwave irradiation, obtaining the desired products in excellent yields and high regioselectivity. The synthesized compounds were confirmed by 1H and 13C spectroscopic means as well as by high-resolution mass spectrometry.
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12
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Liquid chromatography method with tandem mass spectrometry and fluorescence detection for determination of inflammatory biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid as a tool for diagnosis of periodontal disease. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 212:114644. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Gallegos A, Isseroff RR. Simultaneous determination of tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan, tryptamine, serotonin, and 5-HIAA in small volumes of mouse serum using UHPLC-ED. MethodsX 2022; 9:101624. [PMID: 35141137 PMCID: PMC8810555 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2022.101624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper we report a simple and efficient method for the concurrent analysis of tryptophan, 5-HTP, tryptamine, serotonin, and 5-HIAA in mouse serum using UHPLC-ED after protein precipitation and dilution. These compounds are neuroactive and are of interest in studies of mood and behavior; They are also biomarkers for the presence of neuroendocrine tumors and are used in the diagnosis of these cancers. After a brief series of validation experiments, this method was applied to serum from mouse behaviour experiments.A convenient UHPLC method with electrochemical detection for concomitant analysis of the serotonin pathway in serum, including, for the first time, tryptamine. The method met all performance criteria established for use in our lab and was applied in rodent experiments.
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Sudar-Milovanovic E, Gluvic Z, Obradovic M, Zaric B, Isenovic ER. Tryptophan Metabolism in Atherosclerosis and Diabetes. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:99-113. [PMID: 34269660 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210714153649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) undergoes catabolism through several pathways, producing biologically active metabolites that significantly impact physiological processes. The metabolic pathway responsible for the majority of Trp catabolism is the kynurenine synthesis pathway (KP). Serotonin and melatonin are among the most essential Trp pathways degradation products. It has emerged that a strong relationship exists between alterations in Trp metabolism and the onset and progression of atherosclerosis and diabetes. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the small and medium arteries wall caused by maladaptive local immune responses, which underpins several cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Systemic low-grade immune-mediated inflammation is implicated in atherosclerosis where pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ), play a significant role. IFN-γ upregulates the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), decreasing serum levels of the Trp and increasing metabolite levels of kynurenine. Increased IDO expression and activity could accelerate the atherosclerosis process. Therefore, activated IDO inhibition could offer possible treatment options regarding atherosclerosis management. Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia that, over time, leads to severe damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and peripheral nerves. Trp serum levels and lower activity of IDO were higher in future type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. This article reviews recent findings on the link between mammalian Trp metabolism and its role in atherosclerosis and diabetes and outlines the intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emina Sudar-Milovanovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Zoran Gluvic
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Zemun Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Milan Obradovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Bozidarka Zaric
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Esma R Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade,Serbia
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15
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Li X, Zhang B, Hu Y, Zhao Y. New Insights Into Gut-Bacteria-Derived Indole and Its Derivatives in Intestinal and Liver Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:769501. [PMID: 34966278 PMCID: PMC8710772 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.769501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between host and microorganism widely affects the immune and metabolic status. Indole and its derivatives are metabolites produced by the metabolism of tryptophan catalyzed by intestinal microorganisms. By activating nuclear receptors, regulating intestinal hormones, and affecting the biological effects of bacteria as signaling molecules, indole and its derivatives maintain intestinal homeostasis and impact liver metabolism and the immune response, which shows good therapeutic prospects. We reviewed recent studies on indole and its derivatives, including related metabolism, the influence of diets and intestinal commensal bacteria, and the targets and mechanisms in pathological conditions, especially progress in therapeutic strategies. New research insights into indoles will facilitate a better understanding of their druggability and application in intestinal and liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Binbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Exploring the sensing mechanism in a dual-mode fluorescent probe responding to tryptamine and fluoride ions. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.139142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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17
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Nelson M, Muniyasamy H, Kubendran AM, Balasubramaniem A, Sepperumal M, Ayyanar S. Carbazole based fluorescent chemosensor for the meticulous detection of tryptamine in aqueous medium and its efficacy in cell-imaging and molecular logic gate. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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4-(((4-Methoxyphenyl)amino)methyl)-N,N-dimethylaniline and 2-Methoxy-5-((phenylamino)methyl)phenol. MOLBANK 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/m1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular structures of 4-(((4-methoxyphenyl)amino)methyl)-N,N-dimethylaniline and 2-methoxy-5-((phenylamino)methyl)phenol synthesized via Schiff bases reduction route are reported. The compounds consist of asymmetric units of C16H20N2O (1) and C14H15NO2 (2) in orthorhombic and monoclinic crystal systems, respectively. Compound 1 consist of intermolecular C11—H11···N2 hydrogen bonding with C11···N21 = 3.463(4) Å. The hydroxyl group in 2 is also involved in intermolecular O2—H2···O2 and O2—H2···O21 hydrogen bonding with O2···O11 = 2.8885(15) Å and O1···O21 = 2.9277(5) Å. The molecular structures of the compounds are stabilized by secondary intermolecular interactions of C1—H1B···O11 and C5—H···(C41, C51, C61, C71) for 1 and H···C, C—H···O and N—H···C for 2. The reported compounds are important starting material for the synthesis of many compounds such as azo dyes and dithiocarbamate.
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Bhattarai K, Bhattarai K, Kabir ME, Bastola R, Baral B. Fungal natural products galaxy: Biochemistry and molecular genetics toward blockbuster drugs discovery. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2021; 107:193-284. [PMID: 33641747 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites synthesized by fungi have become a precious source of inspiration for the design of novel drugs. Indeed, fungi are prolific producers of fascinating, diverse, structurally complex, and low-molecular-mass natural products with high therapeutic leads, such as novel antimicrobial compounds, anticancer compounds, immunosuppressive agents, among others. Given that these microorganisms possess the extraordinary capacity to secrete diverse chemical scaffolds, they have been highly exploited by the giant pharma companies to generate small molecules. This has been made possible because the isolation of metabolites from fungal natural sources is feasible and surpasses the organic synthesis of compounds, which otherwise remains a significant bottleneck in the drug discovery process. Here in this comprehensive review, we have discussed recent studies on different fungi (pathogenic, non-pathogenic, commensal, and endophytic/symbiotic) from different habitats (terrestrial and marines), the specialized metabolites they biosynthesize, and the drugs derived from these specialized metabolites. Moreover, we have unveiled the logic behind the biosynthesis of vital chemical scaffolds, such as NRPS, PKS, PKS-NRPS hybrid, RiPPS, terpenoids, indole alkaloids, and their genetic mechanisms. Besides, we have provided a glimpse of the concept behind mycotoxins, virulence factor, and host immune response based on fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshab Bhattarai
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Keshab Bhattarai
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Md Ehsanul Kabir
- Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rina Bastola
- Spinal Cord Injury Association-Nepal (SCIAN), Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Bikash Baral
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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20
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Reavis ZW, Mirjankar N, Sarangi S, Boyle SH, Kuhn CM, Matson WR, Babyak MA, Matson SA, Siegler IC, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Suarez EC, Williams RB, Grichnik K, Stafford-Smith M, Georgiades A. Sex and race differences of cerebrospinal fluid metabolites in healthy individuals. Metabolomics 2021; 17:13. [PMID: 33462762 PMCID: PMC8041469 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01757-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Analyses of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolites in large, healthy samples have been limited and potential demographic moderators of brain metabolism are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE Our objective in this study was to examine sex and race differences in 33 CSF metabolites within a sample of 129 healthy individuals (37 African American women, 29 white women, 38 African American men, and 25 white men). METHODS CSF metabolites were measured with a targeted electrochemistry-based metabolomics platform. Sex and race differences were quantified with both univariate and multivariate analyses. Type I error was controlled for by using a Bonferroni adjustment (0.05/33 = .0015). RESULTS Multivariate Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) of the 33 metabolites showed correct classification of sex at an average rate of 80.6% and correct classification of race at an average rate of 88.4%. Univariate analyses revealed that men had significantly higher concentrations of cysteine (p < 0.0001), uric acid (p < 0.0001), and N-acetylserotonin (p = 0.049), while women had significantly higher concentrations of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) (p = 0.001). African American participants had significantly higher concentrations of 3-hydroxykynurenine (p = 0.018), while white participants had significantly higher concentrations of kynurenine (p < 0.0001), indoleacetic acid (p < 0.0001), xanthine (p = 0.001), alpha-tocopherol (p = 0.007), cysteine (p = 0.029), melatonin (p = 0.036), and 7-methylxanthine (p = 0.037). After the Bonferroni adjustment, the effects for cysteine, uric acid, and 5-HIAA were still significant from the analysis of sex differences and kynurenine and indoleacetic acid were still significant from the analysis of race differences. CONCLUSION Several of the metabolites assayed in this study have been associated with mental health disorders and neurological diseases. Our data provide some novel information regarding normal variations by sex and race in CSF metabolite levels within the tryptophan, tyrosine and purine pathways, which may help to enhance our understanding of mechanisms underlying sex and race differences and potentially prove useful in the future treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zackery W Reavis
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen H Boyle
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cynthia M Kuhn
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Michael A Babyak
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Ilene C Siegler
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Edward C Suarez
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Redford B Williams
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Mark Stafford-Smith
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anastasia Georgiades
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Box 3454 DUMC, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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21
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Galla Z, Rajda C, Rácz G, Grecsó N, Baráth Á, Vécsei L, Bereczki C, Monostori P. Simultaneous determination of 30 neurologically and metabolically important molecules: A sensitive and selective way to measure tyrosine and tryptophan pathway metabolites and other biomarkers in human serum and cerebrospinal fluid. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1635:461775. [PMID: 33302138 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Concurrent measurement of tyrosine, tryptophan and their metabolites, and other co-factors could help to diagnose and better understand a wide range of metabolic and neurological disorders. The two metabolic pathways are closely related to each other through co-factors, regulator molecules and enzymes. By using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, we present a robust, selective and comprehensive method to determine 30 molecules within 20 min using a Waters Atlantis dC18. The method was validated according to the guideline of European Medicines Agency on bioanalytical method validation. Analytical performance met all the EMA requirements and the assay covered the relevant clinical concentrations. Linear correlation coefficients were all >0.998. Intra-day and inter-day accuracy were between 80-119% and 81-117%, precision 1-19% respectively. The method was applied to measure TYR, TRP and their metabolites, and other neurologically important molecules in human serum and CSF samples. The assay can facilitate the diagnosis and is suitable for determination of reference values in clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Galla
- Metabolic and Newborn Screening Laboratory, Department of Paediatrics, University of Szeged.
| | - Cecília Rajda
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Rácz
- Metabolic and Newborn Screening Laboratory, Department of Paediatrics, University of Szeged
| | - Nóra Grecsó
- Metabolic and Newborn Screening Laboratory, Department of Paediatrics, University of Szeged
| | - Ákos Baráth
- Metabolic and Newborn Screening Laboratory, Department of Paediatrics, University of Szeged
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Hungary; Department of Neurology, MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Universtiy of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Bereczki
- Metabolic and Newborn Screening Laboratory, Department of Paediatrics, University of Szeged
| | - Péter Monostori
- Metabolic and Newborn Screening Laboratory, Department of Paediatrics, University of Szeged
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22
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Yang Z, Htoo JK, Liao SF. Methionine nutrition in swine and related monogastric animals: Beyond protein biosynthesis. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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23
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Solvent front position extraction with semi-automatic device as a powerful sample preparation procedure to quantitatitation of tryptophan in human plasma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15063. [PMID: 32934323 PMCID: PMC7493889 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71846-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the paper the results of the tryptophan determination in human plasma samples prepared with the novel Solvent Front Position Extraction (SFPE) technique are presented. The SFPE procedure is used for preparation of real biological sample for the first time. The results obtained using SFPE are compared with those using the classical sample preparation procedure. Under the optimal conditions, tryptophan and its internal standard were separated from other plasma compounds (matrix) as a small common zone/spot on a chromatographic plate using semiautomatic device equipped with moving pipet, which distributed developing solvent on the adsorbent layer. Tryptophan and the internal standard were evenly distributed within the small common zone from that the both substances were extracted and the solution obtained was transferred to quantitation with LC–MS and MS techniques. The determination results are satisfactory, the percentage values of relative error and RSD relative standard deviation do not exceed 5%. The procedure is characterized by simplicity, high analysis throughput, very good sample purification and seems to be easy applicable to other biological samples with these advantages mentioned.
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Mandal T, Chakraborti G, Dash J. Reductive aromatization of oxindoles to 3-substituted indoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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25
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Vaca J, Salazar F, Ortiz A, Sansinenea E. Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2020; 73:798-802. [DOI: 10.1038/s41429-020-0333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Tigreros A, Portilla J. Recent progress in chemosensors based on pyrazole derivatives. RSC Adv 2020; 10:19693-19712. [PMID: 35515469 PMCID: PMC9054117 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02394a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorimetric and fluorescent probes based on small organic molecules have become important tools in modern biology because they provide dynamic information concerning the localization and quantity of the molecules and ions of interest without the need for genetic engineering of the sample. In the past five years, these probes for ions and molecules have attracted great attention because of their biological, environmental and industrial significance combined with the simplicity and high sensitivity of absorption and fluorescence techniques. Moreover, pyrazole derivatives display a number of remarkable photophysical properties and wide synthetic versatility superior to those of other broadly used scaffolds. This review provides an overview of the recent (2016-2020) findings on chemosensors containing pyrazole derivatives (pyrazoles, pyrazolines and fused pyrazoles). The discussion focuses on the design and physicochemical properties of chemosensors in order to realize their full potential for practical applications in environmental and biological monitoring (sensing of metal ions, anions, explosives, and biomolecules). We also present our conclusions and outlook for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Tigreros
- Department of Chemistry, Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Universidad de los Andes Carrera 1 No. 18A-10 Bogotá 111711 Colombia
| | - Jaime Portilla
- Department of Chemistry, Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Universidad de los Andes Carrera 1 No. 18A-10 Bogotá 111711 Colombia
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Comparison of Inhibitor and Substrate Selectivity between Rodent and Human Vascular Adhesion Protein-1. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:3270513. [PMID: 32410850 PMCID: PMC7201828 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3270513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is an ectoenzyme that functions as a copper-containing amine oxidase and is involved in leukocyte adhesion at sites of inflammation. Inhibition of VAP-1 oxidative deamination has become an attractive target for anti-inflammatory therapy with demonstrated efficacy in rodent models of inflammation. A previous comparison of purified recombinant VAP-1 from mouse, rat, monkey, and human gene sequences predicted that rodent VAP-1 would have higher affinity for smaller hydrophilic substrates/inhibitors because of its narrower and more hydrophilic active site channel. An optimized in vitro oxidative deamination fluorescence assay with benzylamine (BA) was used to compare inhibition of five known inhibitors in recombinant mouse, rat, and human VAP-1. Human VAP-1 was more sensitive compared to rat or mouse VAP-1 (lowest IC50 concentration) to semicarbazide but was least sensitive to hydralazine and LJP-1207. Hydralazine had a lower IC50 in rats compared to humans, although not significant. However, the IC50 of hydralazine was significantly higher in the rat compared to mouse VAP-1. The larger hydrophobic compounds from Astellas (compound 35c) and Boehringer Ingelheim (PXS-4728A) were hypothesized to have higher binding affinity for human VAP-1 compared to rodent VAP-1 since the channel in human VAP-1 is larger and more hydrophobic than that in rodent VAP-1. Although the sensitivity of these two inhibitors was the lowest in the mouse enzyme, we found no significant differences between mouse, rat, and human VAP-1. Michaelis-Menten kinetics of the small primary amines phenylethylamine and tyramine were also compared to the common marker substrate BA demonstrating that BA had the highest affinity among the substrates. Rat VAP-1 had the highest affinity for all three substrates and mouse VAP-1 had intermediate affinity for BA and phenylethylamine, but tyramine was not a substrate for mouse VAP-1 under these assay conditions. These results suggest that comparing oxidative deamination in mouse and rat VAP-1 may be important if using these species for preclinical efficacy models.
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Fernández-López L, Molina-Carballo A, Cubero-Millán I, Checa-Ros A, Machado-Casas I, Blanca-Jover E, Jerez-Calero A, Madrid-Fernández Y, Uberos J, Muñoz-Hoyos A. Indole Tryptophan Metabolism and Cytokine S100B in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Daily Fluctuations, Responses to Methylphenidate, and Interrelationship with Depressive Symptomatology. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2020; 30:177-188. [PMID: 32048862 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2019.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Indole tryptophan metabolites (ITMs), mainly produced at the gastrointestinal level, participate in bidirectional gut-brain communication and have been implicated in neuropsychiatric pathologies, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: A total of 179 children, 5-14 years of age, including a healthy control group (CG, n = 49), and 107 patients with ADHD participated in the study. The ADHD group was further subdivided into predominantly attention deficit (PAD) and predominantly hyperactive impulsive (PHI) subgroups. Blood samples were drawn at 20:00 and 09:00 hours, and urine was collected between blood draws, at baseline and after 4.63 ± 2.3 months of methylphenidate treatment in the ADHD group. Levels and daily fluctuations of ITM were measured by tandem mass spectrometer, and S100B (as a glial inflammatory marker) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Factorial analysis of variance (Stata 12.0) was performed with groups/subgroups, time (baseline/after treatment), hour of day (morning/evening), and presence of depressive symptoms (DS; no/yes) as factors. Results: Tryptamine and indoleacetic acid (IAA) showed no differences between the CG and ADHD groups. Tryptamine exhibited higher evening values (p < 0.0001) in both groups. No changes were associated with methylphenidate or DS. At baseline, in comparison with the rest of study sample, PHI with DS+ group showed among them much greater morning than evening IAA (p < 0.0001), with treatment causing a 50% decrease (p = 0.002). Concerning indolepropionic acid (IPA) MPH was associated with a morning IPA decrease and restored the daily profile observed in the CG. S100B protein showed greater morning than evening concentrations (p = 0.001) in both groups. Conclusion: Variations in ITM may reflect changes associated with the presence of DS, including improvement, among ADHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Fernández-López
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Servicio de Neuropediatría y Neurodesarrollo, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Molina-Carballo
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Servicio de Neuropediatría y Neurodesarrollo, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Cubero-Millán
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Servicio de Neuropediatría y Neurodesarrollo, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Checa-Ros
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Servicio de Neuropediatría y Neurodesarrollo, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Irene Machado-Casas
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Servicio de Neuropediatría y Neurodesarrollo, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Enrique Blanca-Jover
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Servicio de Neuropediatría y Neurodesarrollo, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Jerez-Calero
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Servicio de Neuropediatría y Neurodesarrollo, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | | | - José Uberos
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Servicio de Neuropediatría y Neurodesarrollo, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Muñoz-Hoyos
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Servicio de Neuropediatría y Neurodesarrollo, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
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29
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Erickson JT. Central serotonin and autoresuscitation capability in mammalian neonates. Exp Neurol 2020; 326:113162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Lanser L, Kink P, Egger EM, Willenbacher W, Fuchs D, Weiss G, Kurz K. Inflammation-Induced Tryptophan Breakdown is Related With Anemia, Fatigue, and Depression in Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:249. [PMID: 32153576 PMCID: PMC7047328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many patients with cancer suffer from anemia, depression, and an impaired quality of life (QoL). These patients often also show decreased plasma tryptophan levels and increased kynurenine concentrations in parallel with elevated concentrations of Th1 type immune activation marker neopterin. In the course of anti-tumor immune response, the pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon gamma (IFN-γ) induces both, the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) to degrade tryptophan and the enzyme GTP-cyclohydrolase I to form neopterin. High neopterin concentrations as well as an increased kynurenine to tryptophan ratio (Kyn/Trp) in the blood of cancer patients are predictive for a worse outcome. Inflammation-mediated tryptophan catabolism along the kynurenine pathway is related to fatigue and anemia as well as to depression and a decreased QoL in patients with solid tumors. In fact, enhanced tryptophan breakdown might greatly contribute to the development of anemia, fatigue, and depression in cancer patients. IDO activation and stimulation of the kynurenine pathway exert immune regulatory mechanisms, which may impair anti-tumor immune responses. In addition, tumor cells can degrade tryptophan to weaken immune responses directed against them. High IDO expression in the tumor tissue is associated with a poor prognosis of patients. The efficiency of IDO-inhibitors to inhibit cancer progression is currently tested in combination with established chemotherapies and with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Inflammation-mediated tryptophan catabolism and its possible influence on the development and persistence of anemia, fatigue, and depression in cancer patients are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Lanser
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patricia Kink
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eva Maria Egger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Willenbacher
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Oncotyrol Centre for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Guenter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katharina Kurz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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31
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Mészáros R, Peng BJ, Ötvös SB, Yang SC, Fülöp F. Continuous-Flow Hydrogenation and Reductive Deuteration of Nitriles: a Simple Access to α,α-Dideutero Amines. Chempluschem 2020; 84:1508-1511. [PMID: 31943939 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient continuous flow methodology has been developed for hydrogenation and reductive deuteration of nitriles to yield primary amines and also valuable α,α-dideutero analogues. Raney nickel proved to be a useful catalyst for the transformation of a wide range of nitriles under reasonably mild conditions with excellent deuterium incorporation (>90 %) and quantitative conversion. Among known model compounds, three new deuterated primary amines were prepared. The large-scale synthesis of deuterated tryptamine was also carried out to deliver 1.1 g product under flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeka Mészáros
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bai-Jing Peng
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, 6720, Szeged, Hungary.,School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Sándor B Ötvös
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, 6720, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös u. 6, 6720, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Shyh-Chyun Yang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.,Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, 6720, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös u. 6, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
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32
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Cryan JF, O'Riordan KJ, Cowan CSM, Sandhu KV, Bastiaanssen TFS, Boehme M, Codagnone MG, Cussotto S, Fulling C, Golubeva AV, Guzzetta KE, Jaggar M, Long-Smith CM, Lyte JM, Martin JA, Molinero-Perez A, Moloney G, Morelli E, Morillas E, O'Connor R, Cruz-Pereira JS, Peterson VL, Rea K, Ritz NL, Sherwin E, Spichak S, Teichman EM, van de Wouw M, Ventura-Silva AP, Wallace-Fitzsimons SE, Hyland N, Clarke G, Dinan TG. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1877-2013. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1243] [Impact Index Per Article: 248.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, the past 15 yr have seen the emergence of the microbiota (the trillions of microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one of the key regulators of gut-brain function and has led to the appreciation of the importance of a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This axis is gaining ever more traction in fields investigating the biological and physiological basis of psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, and neurodegenerative disorders. The microbiota and the brain communicate with each other via various routes including the immune system, tryptophan metabolism, the vagus nerve and the enteric nervous system, involving microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino acids, and peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence microbiota composition in early life, including infection, mode of birth delivery, use of antibiotic medications, the nature of nutritional provision, environmental stressors, and host genetics. At the other extreme of life, microbial diversity diminishes with aging. Stress, in particular, can significantly impact the microbiota-gut-brain axis at all stages of life. Much recent work has implicated the gut microbiota in many conditions including autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models have been paramount in linking the regulation of fundamental neural processes, such as neurogenesis and myelination, to microbiome activation of microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing and will greatly enhance the field. Future studies will focus on understanding the mechanisms underlying the microbiota-gut-brain axis and attempt to elucidate microbial-based intervention and therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kenneth J. O'Riordan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Caitlin S. M. Cowan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kiran V. Sandhu
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomaz F. S. Bastiaanssen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marcus Boehme
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Martin G. Codagnone
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sofia Cussotto
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Christine Fulling
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anna V. Golubeva
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Katherine E. Guzzetta
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Minal Jaggar
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Caitriona M. Long-Smith
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joshua M. Lyte
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jason A. Martin
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alicia Molinero-Perez
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Moloney
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Emanuela Morelli
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Enrique Morillas
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Rory O'Connor
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joana S. Cruz-Pereira
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Veronica L. Peterson
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kieran Rea
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nathaniel L. Ritz
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eoin Sherwin
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Simon Spichak
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Emily M. Teichman
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marcel van de Wouw
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ana Paula Ventura-Silva
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Shauna E. Wallace-Fitzsimons
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niall Hyland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G. Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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33
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Luqman A, Nega M, Nguyen MT, Ebner P, Götz F. SadA-Expressing Staphylococci in the Human Gut Show Increased Cell Adherence and Internalization. Cell Rep 2019; 22:535-545. [PMID: 29320746 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A subgroup of biogenic amines, the so-called trace amines (TAs), are produced by mammals and bacteria and can act as neuromodulators. In the genus Staphylococcus, certain species are capable of producing TAs through the activity of staphylococcal aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (SadA). SadA decarboxylates aromatic amino acids to produce TAs, as well as dihydroxy phenylalanine and 5-hydroxytryptophan to thus produce the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin. SadA-expressing staphylococci were prevalent in the gut of most probands, where they are part of the human intestinal microflora. Furthermore, sadA-expressing staphylococci showed increased adherence to HT-29 cells and 2- to 3-fold increased internalization. Internalization and adherence was also increased in a sadA mutant in the presence of tryptamine. The α2-adrenergic receptor is required for enhanced adherence and internalization. Thus, staphylococci in the gut might contribute to gut activity and intestinal colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Luqman
- Microbial Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Biology Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, 60111 Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Mulugeta Nega
- Microbial Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Minh-Thu Nguyen
- Microbial Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Ebner
- Microbial Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Götz
- Microbial Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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34
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Bhattarai Y, Williams BB, Battaglioli EJ, Whitaker WR, Till L, Grover M, Linden DR, Akiba Y, Kandimalla KK, Zachos NC, Kaunitz JD, Sonnenburg JL, Fischbach MA, Farrugia G, Kashyap PC. Gut Microbiota-Produced Tryptamine Activates an Epithelial G-Protein-Coupled Receptor to Increase Colonic Secretion. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 23:775-785.e5. [PMID: 29902441 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tryptamine, a tryptophan-derived monoamine similar to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is produced by gut bacteria and is abundant in human and rodent feces. However, the physiologic effect of tryptamine in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract remains unknown. Here, we show that the biological effects of tryptamine are mediated through the 5-HT4 receptor (5-HT4R), a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) uniquely expressed in the colonic epithelium. Tryptamine increases both ionic flux across the colonic epithelium and fluid secretion in colonoids from germ-free (GF) and humanized (ex-GF colonized with human stool) mice, consistent with increased intestinal secretion. The secretory effect of tryptamine is dependent on 5-HT4R activation and is blocked by 5-HT4R antagonist and absent in 5-HT4R-/- mice. GF mice colonized by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron engineered to produce tryptamine exhibit accelerated GI transit. Our study demonstrates an aspect of host physiology under control of a bacterial metabolite that can be exploited as a therapeutic modality. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Bhattarai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Brianna B Williams
- Department of Bioengineering and ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eric J Battaglioli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Weston R Whitaker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Lisa Till
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Madhusudan Grover
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - David R Linden
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yasutada Akiba
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Brentwood Biomedical Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Karunya K Kandimalla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Nicholas C Zachos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jonathan D Kaunitz
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Brentwood Biomedical Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Justin L Sonnenburg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Michael A Fischbach
- Department of Bioengineering and ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gianrico Farrugia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Purna C Kashyap
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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35
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Dehhaghi M, Kazemi Shariat Panahi H, Guillemin GJ. Microorganisms, Tryptophan Metabolism, and Kynurenine Pathway: A Complex Interconnected Loop Influencing Human Health Status. Int J Tryptophan Res 2019; 12:1178646919852996. [PMID: 31258331 PMCID: PMC6585246 DOI: 10.1177/1178646919852996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway is important in cellular energy generation and limiting cellular ageing as it degrades about 90% of dietary tryptophan into the essential co-factor NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). Prior to the production of NAD+, various intermediate compounds with neuroactivity (kynurenic acid, quinolinic acid) or antioxidant activity (3-hydroxykynurenine, picolinic acid) are synthesized. The kynurenine metabolites can participate in numerous neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington disease, and Parkinson disease) or other diseases such as AIDS, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and irritable bowel syndrome. Recently, the role of gut in affecting the emotional and cognitive centres of the brain has attracted a great deal of attention. In this review, we focus on the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain, known as the gut-brain axis. The interaction of components of this axis, namely, the gut, its microbiota, and gut pathogens; tryptophan; the kynurenine pathway on tryptophan availability; the regulation of kynurenine metabolite concentration; and diversity and population of gut microbiota, has been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Dehhaghi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Centre of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hamed Kazemi Shariat Panahi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Centre of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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36
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Rajeswari B, Santhi R, Sivajeyanthi P, Balasubramani K. Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 2-(1 H-indol-3-yl)ethanaminium acetate hemihydrate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2019; 75:451-455. [PMID: 31161055 PMCID: PMC6509690 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989019003347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The title mol-ecular salt, C10H13N2 +·C2H3O2 -·0.5H2O, crystallized with four 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanaminium cations (A, B, C and D) and four acetate anions in the asymmetric unit, together with two water mol-ecules of crystallization. Each cation is linked to an anion by a C-H⋯π inter-action. The alkyl-aminium side chains have folded conformations, with N-C-C-C torsion angles of -58.5 (3), 59.5 (3), -64.6 (3) and -56.0 (3)° for cations A, B, C and D, respectively. In the crystal, the cations and anions are liked by N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating along the b-axis direction. The chains are linked by the water mol-ecules via Owater-H⋯O and N-H⋯Owater hydrogen bonds, forming layers lying parallel to the bc plane. The overall inter-molecular inter-actions were investigated using Hirshfeld surfaces analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishnan Rajeswari
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Seethalakshmi Ramaswamy College, Tiruchirappalli-2, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Radhakrishnan Santhi
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Seethalakshmi Ramaswamy College, Tiruchirappalli-2, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palaniyappan Sivajeyanthi
- Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Thanthonimalai, Karur 639 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kasthuri Balasubramani
- Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Thanthonimalai, Karur 639 005, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abstract
Natural products have long played a pivotal role in the development of therapeutics for a variety of diseases. Traditionally, soil and marine environments have provided a rich reservoir from which diverse chemical scaffolds could be discovered. Recently, the human microbiome has been recognized as a promising niche from which secondary metabolites with therapeutic potential have begun to be isolated. In this Review, we address how the expansive history of identifying bacterial natural products in other environments is informing the approaches being brought to bear on the study of the human microbiota. We also touch on how these tools can lead to insights about microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions and help generate biological hypotheses that may lead to developments of new therapeutic modalities.
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38
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Krishnaveni K, Murugesan S, Siva A. Dual-mode recognition of biogenic amine tryptamine and fluoride ions by a naphthyl hydrazone platform: application in fluorescence imaging of HeLa cells and zebrafish embryos. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01688k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A new type of selective and sensitive naphthyl hydrazone anchored Schiff base derivative (PYNA) was synthesized and applied to the fluorogenic and chromogenic recognition of both tryptamine (TryptA) and F−ions, further it has good cell permeability and biocompatibility in zebrafish embryos and HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppiah Krishnaveni
- Supramolecular and Organometallic Chemistry Lab
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai-21
- India
| | - Sepperumal Murugesan
- Supramolecular and Organometallic Chemistry Lab
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai-21
- India
| | - Ayyanar Siva
- Supramolecular and Organometallic Chemistry Lab
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai-21
- India
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Paulsen P, Bauer S, Bauer F. Biogenic amines and polyamines in foods of animal origin. CHEMICAL HAZARDS IN FOODS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN 2019. [DOI: 10.3920/978-90-8686-877-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Paulsen
- Institute of Meat Hygiene, Meat Technology and Food Science, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Bauer
- Institute of Meat Hygiene, Meat Technology and Food Science, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Bauer
- Institute of Meat Hygiene, Meat Technology and Food Science, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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Badawy AAB. Tryptophan Metabolism: A Versatile Area Providing Multiple Targets for Pharmacological Intervention. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 9:10.32527/2019/101415. [PMID: 31105983 PMCID: PMC6520243 DOI: 10.32527/2019/101415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential amino acid L-tryptophan (Trp) undergoes extensive metabolism along several pathways, resulting in production of many biologically active metabolites which exert profound effects on physiological processes. The disturbance in Trp metabolism and disposition in many disease states provides a basis for exploring multiple targets for pharmaco-therapeutic interventions. In particular, the kynurenine pathway of Trp degradation is currently at the forefront of immunological research and immunotherapy. In this review, I shall consider mammalian Trp metabolism in health and disease and outline the intervention targets. It is hoped that this account will provide a stimulus for pharmacologists and others to conduct further studies in this rich area of biomedical research and therapeutics.
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41
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Hemachandran K, Anbusrinivasan P, Ramalingam S, Manoharan C, Aarthi R. Biological and structural properties’ interpretation on antitumour drug 3-(2-aminoethyl) indole (tryptamine) using molecular spectroscopy and computational tools. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2018.1559008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Hemachandran
- Department of Chemistry, A.V.C. College, Mayiladuthurai, India
| | | | - S. Ramalingam
- Department of Physics, A.V.C. College, Mayiladuthurai, India
| | - C. Manoharan
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India
| | - R. Aarthi
- Department of Physics, A.V.C. College, Mayiladuthurai, India
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42
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Klauck FJR, Yoon H, James MJ, Lautens M, Glorius F. Visible-Light-Mediated Deaminative Three-Component Dicarbofunctionalization of Styrenes with Benzylic Radicals. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix J. R. Klauck
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hyung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Davenport Chemical Laboratories, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Michael J. James
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Mark Lautens
- Department of Chemistry, Davenport Chemical Laboratories, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Kumar M, Ji B, Babaei P, Das P, Lappa D, Ramakrishnan G, Fox TE, Haque R, Petri WA, Bäckhed F, Nielsen J. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with malnutrition and reduced plasma amino acid levels: Lessons from genome-scale metabolic modeling. Metab Eng 2018; 49:128-142. [PMID: 30075203 PMCID: PMC6871511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Malnutrition is a severe non-communicable disease, which is prevalent in children from low-income countries. Recently, a number of metagenomics studies have illustrated associations between the altered gut microbiota and child malnutrition. However, these studies did not examine metabolic functions and interactions between individual species in the gut microbiota during health and malnutrition. Here, we applied genome-scale metabolic modeling to model the gut microbial species, which were selected from healthy and malnourished children from three countries. Our analysis showed reduced metabolite production capabilities in children from two low-income countries compared with a high-income country. Additionally, the models were also used to predict the community-level metabolic potentials of gut microbes and the patterns of pairwise interactions among species. Hereby we found that due to bacterial interactions there may be reduced production of certain amino acids in malnourished children compared with healthy children from the same communities. To gain insight into alterations in the metabolism of malnourished (stunted) children, we also performed targeted plasma metabolic profiling in the first 2 years of life of 25 healthy and 25 stunted children. Plasma metabolic profiling further revealed that stunted children had reduced plasma levels of essential amino acids compared to healthy controls. Our analyses provide a framework for future efforts towards further characterization of gut microbial metabolic capabilities and their contribution to malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE41128 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Boyang Ji
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE41128 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Parizad Babaei
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE41128 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Promi Das
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE41128 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dimitra Lappa
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE41128 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Girija Ramakrishnan
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, and University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Todd E Fox
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Rashidul Haque
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - William A Petri
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, and University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology and Enteroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE41128 Gothenburg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
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Gasparini CF, Smith RA, Griffiths LR. Genetic and biochemical changes of the serotonergic system in migraine pathobiology. J Headache Pain 2017; 18:20. [PMID: 28194570 PMCID: PMC5307402 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-016-0711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a brain disorder characterized by a piercing headache which affects one side of the head, located mainly at the temples and in the area around the eye. Migraine imparts substantial suffering to the family in addition to the sufferer, particularly as it affects three times more women than men and is most prevalent between the ages of 25 and 45, the years of child rearing. Migraine typically occurs in individuals with a genetic predisposition and is aggravated by specific environmental triggers. Attempts to study the biochemistry of migraine began as early as the 1960s and were primarily directed at serotonin metabolism after an increase of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), the main metabolite of serotonin was observed in urine of migraineurs. Genetic and biochemical studies have primarily focused on the neurotransmitter serotonin, considering receptor binding, transport and synthesis of serotonin and have investigated serotonergic mediators including enzymes, receptors as well as intermediary metabolites. These studies have been mainly assayed in blood, CSF and urine as the most accessible fluids. More recently PET imaging technology integrated with a metabolomics and a systems biology platform are being applied to study serotonergic biology. The general trend observed is that migraine patients have alterations of neurotransmitter metabolism detected in biological fluids with different biochemistry from controls, however the interpretation of the biological significance of these peripheral changes is unresolved. In this review we present the biology of the serotonergic system and metabolic routes for serotonin and discuss results of biochemical studies with regard to alterations in serotonin in brain, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, platelets, plasma and urine of migraine patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Francesca Gasparini
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University Gold Coast, Parklands Drive, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Robert Anthony Smith
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Lyn Robyn Griffiths
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia.
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45
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Yadav M, Verma MK, Chauhan NS. A review of metabolic potential of human gut microbiome in human nutrition. Arch Microbiol 2017; 200:203-217. [PMID: 29188341 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1459-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The human gut contains a plethora of microbes, providing a platform for metabolic interaction between the host and microbiota. Metabolites produced by the gut microbiota act as a link between gut microbiota and its host. These metabolites act as messengers having the capacity to alter the gut microbiota. Recent advances in the characterization of the gut microbiota and its symbiotic relationship with the host have provided a platform to decode metabolic interactions. The human gut microbiota, a crucial component for dietary metabolism, is shaped by the genetic, epigenetic and dietary factors. The metabolic potential of gut microbiota explains its significance in host health and diseases. The knowledge of interactions between microbiota and host metabolism, as well as modification of microbial ecology, is really beneficial to have effective therapeutic treatments for many diet-related diseases in near future. This review cumulates the information to map the role of human gut microbiota in dietary component metabolism, the role of gut microbes derived metabolites in human health and host-microbe metabolic interactions in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Nar Singh Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
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46
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Faizi MSH, Dege N, Malinkin S, Sliva TY. Crystal structure and DFT study of ( E)- N-[2-(1 H-indol-3-yl)eth-yl]-1-(anthracen-9-yl)methanimine. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2017; 73:1329-1332. [PMID: 28932467 PMCID: PMC5588573 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989017011483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The title compound, C25H20N2, (I), was synthesized from the condensation reaction of anthracene-9-carbaldehyde and tryptamine in dry ethanol. The indole ring system (r.m.s. deviation = 0.016 Å) makes a dihedral angle of 63.56 (8)° with the anthracene ring (r.m.s. deviation = 0.023 Å). There is a short intra-molecular C-H⋯N inter-action present, and a C-H⋯π inter-action involving the two ring systems. In the crystal, the indole H atom forms an inter-molecular N-H⋯π inter-action, linking mol-ecules to form chains along the b-axis direction. There are also C-H⋯π inter-actions present, involving the central and terminal rings of the anthracene unit, linking the chains to form an overall two-dimensional layered structure, with the layers parallel to the bc plane. The density functional theory (DFT) optimized structure, at the B3LYP/6-311 G(d,p) level, is compared with the experimentally determined mol-ecular structure in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Serajul Haque Faizi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36 Al-Khod 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Necmi Dege
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Arts and Sciences Faculty, Department of Physics, 55139 Atakum-Samsun, Turkey
| | - Sergey Malinkin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kiev, 64/13 Volodymyrska Street, City of Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Tetyana Yu. Sliva
- Department of Chemistry, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kiev, 64/13 Volodymyrska Street, City of Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
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47
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Saraf MK, Piccolo BD, Bowlin AK, Mercer KE, LeRoith T, Chintapalli SV, Shankar K, Badger TM, Yeruva L. Formula diet driven microbiota shifts tryptophan metabolism from serotonin to tryptamine in neonatal porcine colon. MICROBIOME 2017; 5:77. [PMID: 28705171 PMCID: PMC5513086 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota of breast-fed and formula-fed infants differ significantly, as do the risks for allergies, gut dysfunction, and upper respiratory tract infections. The connections between breast milk, various formulas, and the profiles of gut bacteria to these childhood illnesses, as well as the mechanisms underlying the effects, are not well understood. METHODS We investigated distal colon microbiota by 16S RNA amplicon sequencing, morphology by histomorphometry, immune response by cytokine expression, and tryptophan metabolism in a pig model in which piglets were sow-fed, or fed soy or dairy milk-based formula from postnatal day (PND) 2 to 21. RESULTS Formula feeding significantly (p < 0.05) altered the colon microbiota relative to the sow feeding. A significant reduction in microbial diversity was noted with formula groups in comparison to sow-fed. Streptococcus, Blautia, Citrobacter, Butrycimonas, Parabacteroides, Lactococcus genera were increased with formula feeding relative to sow feeding. In addition, relative to sow feeding, Anaerotruncus, Akkermansia, Enterococcus, Acinetobacter, Christensenella, and Holdemania were increased in milk-fed piglets, and Biliophila, Ruminococcus, Clostridium were increased in soy-fed piglets. No significant gut morphological changes were noted. However, higher cytokine mRNA expression (BMP4, CCL11, CCL21) was observed in the distal colon of formula groups. Formula feeding reduced enterochromaffin cell number and serotonin, but increased tryptamine levels relative to sow feeding. CONCLUSION Our data confirm that formula diet alters the colon microbiota and appears to shift tryptophan metabolism from serotonin to tryptamine, which may lead to greater histamine levels and risk of allergies in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Saraf
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, 15 Children’s Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Brian D. Piccolo
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, 15 Children’s Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Anne K. Bowlin
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, 15 Children’s Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Kelly E. Mercer
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, 15 Children’s Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Tanya LeRoith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, USA
| | - Sree V. Chintapalli
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, 15 Children’s Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, 15 Children’s Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Thomas M. Badger
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, 15 Children’s Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Laxmi Yeruva
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, 15 Children’s Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, USA
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48
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Furtado DZS, de Moura Leite FBV, Barreto CN, Faria B, Jedlicka LDL, de Jesus Silva E, da Silva HDT, Bechara EJH, Assunção NA. Profiles of amino acids and biogenic amines in the plasma of Cri-du-Chat patients. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 140:137-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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49
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Wüst N, Rauscher-Gabernig E, Steinwider J, Bauer F, Paulsen P. Risk assessment of dietary exposure to tryptamine for the Austrian population. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 34:404-420. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1269207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Wüst
- Business Area Data, Statistics & Risk Assessment, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke Rauscher-Gabernig
- Business Area Data, Statistics & Risk Assessment, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Steinwider
- Business Area Data, Statistics & Risk Assessment, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Bauer
- Institute of Meat Hygiene, Meat Technology and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Paulsen
- Institute of Meat Hygiene, Meat Technology and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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50
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Khan MZ, Nawaz W. The emerging roles of human trace amines and human trace amine-associated receptors (hTAARs) in central nervous system. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:439-449. [PMID: 27424325 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human trace amines (TAs) are endogenous compounds, previously almost ignored in human pathology for many reasons (difficulty of their measurement in biological fluids, unknown receptors for elusive amines), are now considered to play a significant role in synaptic transmission within the central nervous system (CNS) acting as neuromodulators. The recent discovery of a novel family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that includes individual members that are highly specific for TAs indicates a potential role for TAs as vertebrate neurotransmitters or neuromodulators, although the majority of these GPCRs so far have not been demonstrated to be activated by TAs. Human trace amine receptors (including TAAR1 TAAR2 TAAR5 TAAR6 TAAR8 TAAR9) are expressed in the brain and play significant physiological and neuropathological roles by activation of trace amines. We herein discuss the recent findings that provide insights into the functional roles of human trace amines (including P-Octopamine, β phenylethylamine, Tryptamine, Tyramine, Synephrine, 3-Iodothyronamine, 3-Methoxytyramine, N-Methyltyramine, N-Methylphenethylamine) in brain. Furthermore, we discuss the known functions of human trace amine receptors in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahid Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Waqas Nawaz
- School of basic medicine and clinical pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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