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Zavodovskiy DO, Bulgakova NV, Sokolowska I, Prylutskyy YI, Ritter U, Gonchar OO, Kostyukov AI, Vlasenko OV, Butowska K, Borowik A, Piosik J, Maznychenko A. Water-soluble pristine C 60 fullerenes attenuate isometric muscle force reduction in a rat acute inflammatory pain model. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:606. [PMID: 37491190 PMCID: PMC10367279 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06719-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being a scavenger of free radicals, C60 fullerenes can influence on the physiological processes in skeletal muscles, however, the effect of such carbon nanoparticles on muscle contractility under acute muscle inflammation remains unclear. Thus, the aim of the study was to reveal the effect of the C60 fullerene aqueous solution (C60FAS) on the muscle contractile properties under acute inflammatory pain. METHODS To induce inflammation a 2.5% formalin solution was injected into the rat triceps surae (TS) muscle. High-frequency electrical stimulation has been used to induce tetanic muscle contraction. A linear motor under servo-control with embedded semi-conductor strain gauge resistors was used to measure the muscle tension. RESULTS In response to formalin administration, the strength of TS muscle contractions in untreated animals was recorded at 23% of control values, whereas the muscle tension in the C60FAS-treated rats reached 48%. Thus, the treated muscle could generate 2-fold more muscle strength than the muscle in untreated rats. CONCLUSIONS The attenuation of muscle contraction force reduction caused by preliminary injection of C60FAS is presumably associated with a decrease in the concentration of free radicals in the inflamed muscle tissue, which leads to a decrease in the intensity of nociceptive information transmission from the inflamed muscle to the CNS and thereby promotes the improvement of the functional state of the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Inna Sokolowska
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Kazimierza Gorskiego Str. 1, Gdansk 80- 336, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Yuriy I Prylutskyy
- ESC "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str. 64, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Uwe Ritter
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Ilmenau, Weimarer Str. 25, 98693, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Olga O Gonchar
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Bogomoletz Str. 4, Kyiv, 01024, Ukraine
| | | | - Oleh V Vlasenko
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurophysiology, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Ukraine
| | - Kamila Butowska
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Abrahama 58, Gdansk, 80-307, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Borowik
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Abrahama 58, Gdansk, 80-307, Poland
| | - Jacek Piosik
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Abrahama 58, Gdansk, 80-307, Poland.
| | - Andriy Maznychenko
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Bogomoletz Str. 4, Kyiv, 01024, Ukraine.
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Kazimierza Gorskiego Str. 1, Gdansk 80- 336, Gdansk, Poland.
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Louçano M, Oliveira J, Martins I, Vaz R, Tavares I. Pain Modulation from the Locus Coeruleus in a Model of Hydrocephalus: Searching for Oxidative Stress-Induced Noradrenergic Neuroprotection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073970. [PMID: 35409327 PMCID: PMC8999514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain transmission at the spinal cord is modulated by noradrenaline (NA)-mediated actions that arise from supraspinal areas. We studied the locus coeruleus (LC) to evaluate the expression of the cathecolamine-synthetizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and search for local oxidative stress and possible consequences in descending pain modulation in a model of hydrocephalus, a disease characterized by enlargement of the cerebral ventricular system usually due to the obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid flow. Four weeks after kaolin injection into the cisterna magna, immunodetection of the catecholamine-synthetizing enzymes TH and dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) was performed in the LC and spinal cord. Colocalization of the oxidative stress marker 8-OHdG (8-hydroxyguanosine; 8-OHdG), with TH in the LC was performed. Formalin was injected in the hindpaw both for behavioral nociceptive evaluation and the immunodetection of Fos expression in the spinal cord. Hydrocephalic rats presented with a higher expression of TH at the LC, of TH and DBH at the spinal dorsal horn along with decreased nociceptive behavioral responses in the second (inflammatory) phase of the formalin test, and formalin-evoked Fos expression at the spinal dorsal horn. The expression of 8-OHdG was increased in the LC neurons, with higher co-localization in TH-immunoreactive neurons. Collectively, the results indicate increased noradrenergic expression at the LC during hydrocephalus. The strong oxidative stress damage at the LC neurons may lead to local neuroprotective-mediated increases in NA levels. The increased expression of catecholamine-synthetizing enzymes along with the decreased nociception-induced neuronal activation of dorsal horn neurons and behavioral pain signs may indicate that hydrocephalus is associated with alterations in descending pain modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Louçano
- Unit of Experimental Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.L.); (I.M.)
- IBMC-Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- I3S-Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Chemical and Biomolecule Sciences, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal;
- International Doctoral School, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Joana Oliveira
- Neurosurgery Service of Centro Hospital São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Isabel Martins
- Unit of Experimental Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.L.); (I.M.)
- IBMC-Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- I3S-Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Vaz
- Chemical and Biomolecule Sciences, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isaura Tavares
- Unit of Experimental Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.L.); (I.M.)
- IBMC-Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- I3S-Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +35-12-2551-3654
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Hoffmann T, Klemm F, I Kichko T, Sauer SK, Kistner K, Riedl B, Raboisson P, Luo L, Babes A, Kocher L, Carli G, Fischer MJM, Reeh PW. The formalin test does not probe inflammatory pain but excitotoxicity in rodent skin. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15194. [PMID: 35340127 PMCID: PMC8957662 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The most widely used formalin test to screen antinociceptive drug candidates is still apostrophized as targeting inflammatory pain, in spite of strong opposing evidence published. In our rat skin-nerve preparation ex vivo, recording from all classes of sensory single-fibers (n = 32), 30 units were transiently excited by formaldehyde concentrations 1-100 mM applied to receptive fields (RFs) for 3 min, C and Aδ-fibers being more sensitive (1-30 mM) than Aβ-fibers. From 30 mM on, ~1% of the concentration usually injected in vivo, all RFs were defunctionalized and conduction in an isolated sciatic nerve preparation was irreversibly blocked. Thus, formaldehyde, generated a state of 'anesthesia dolorosa' in the RFs in so far as after a quiescent interphase all fibers with unmyelinated terminals developed a second phase of vigorous discharge activity which correlated well in time course and magnitude with published pain-related behaviors. Sural nerve filament recordings in vivo confirmed that higher formalin concentrations (> 42 mM) have to be injected to the skin to induce this second phase of discharge. Patch-clamp and calcium-imaging confirmed TRPA1 as the primary transducer of formaldehyde (10 mM) effects on mouse sensory neurons. However, stimulated CGRP release from isolated skin of TRPA1+/+ and TRPA1-/- mice showed a convergence of the saturating concentration-response curves at 100 mM formaldehyde, which did not occur with nerve and trachea preparations. Finally, skin-nerve recordings from C and Aδ-fibers of TRPA1-/- mice revealed a massive reduction in formaldehyde (30 mM)-evoked discharge. However, the remaining activity was still biphasic, thus confirming additional unspecific excitotoxic actions of the fixative that diffuses along still excitable axons as previously published. The multiplicity of formaldehyde's actions requires extensive discussion and literature review, leading to a fundamental reevaluation of the formalin test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Hoffmann
- Institute of Physiology and PathophysiologyUniversity of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Florian Klemm
- Institute of Physiology and PathophysiologyUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Tatjana I Kichko
- Institute of Physiology and PathophysiologyUniversity of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Susanne K Sauer
- Institute of Physiology and PathophysiologyUniversity of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Katrin Kistner
- Institute of Physiology and PathophysiologyUniversity of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Bernhard Riedl
- Institute of Physiology and PathophysiologyUniversity of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | | | - Lei Luo
- AstraZeneca, CNS and Pain Innovative Medicines UnitSödertäljeSweden
| | - Alexandru Babes
- Institute of Physiology and PathophysiologyUniversity of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of BucharestBucharestRomania
| | - Laurence Kocher
- Institute of Physiology and PathophysiologyUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- Laboratoire de PhysiologieCentre Hospitalier Lyon SudFaculté de MédecineUniversité de LyonFrance
| | - Giancarlo Carli
- Institute of Physiology and PathophysiologyUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- Department of PhysiologyUniversità degli Studi di SienaSienaItaly
| | - Michael J. M. Fischer
- Institute of Physiology and PathophysiologyUniversity of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
- Center of Physiology and PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Peter W. Reeh
- Institute of Physiology and PathophysiologyUniversity of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
- Institute of Physiology and PathophysiologyUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
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Multi-Region Local Field Potential Signatures in Response to the Formalin-induced Inflammatory Stimulus in Male Rats. Brain Res 2022; 1778:147779. [PMID: 35007546 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pain can be ignited by noxious chemical (e.g., acid), mechanical (e.g., pressure), and thermal (e.g., heat) stimuli and generated by the activation of sensory neurons and their axonal terminals called nociceptors in the periphery. Nociceptive information transmitted from the periphery is projected to the central nervous system (thalamus, somatosensory cortex, insular, anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, periaqueductal grey, prefrontal cortex, etc.) to generate a unified experience of pain. Local field potential (LFP) recording is one of the neurophysiological tools to investigate the combined neuronal activity, ranging from several hundred micrometers to a few millimeters (radius), located around the embedded electrode. The advantage of recording LFP is that it provides stable simultaneous activities in various brain regions in response to external stimuli. In this study, differential LFP activities from the contralateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), ventral tegmental area (VTA), and bilateral amygdala in response to peripheral noxious formalin injection were recorded in anesthetized male rats. The results indicated increased power of delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma bands in the ACC and amygdala but no change of gamma-band in the right amygdala. Within the VTA, intensities of the delta, theta, and beta bands were only enhanced significantly after formalin injection. It was found that the connectivity (i.t. the coherence) among these brain regions reduced significantly under the formalin-induced nociception, which suggests a significant interruption within the brain. With further study, it will sort out the key combination of structures that will serve as the signature for pain state.
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Matsushita Y, Manabe M, Kitagawa I, Higuchi M, Hosaka YZ, Kitamura N. Inhibition of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 through α 2 adrenergic receptors at peripheral nerve terminals relieves pain. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1570-1581. [PMID: 34470979 PMCID: PMC8569874 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of α2 adrenergic receptors contributes to analgesia not only in
the central nervous system but also in the peripheral nervous system. We reported that
noradrenaline inhibits the activity of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)
evoked by capsaicin through α2 receptors in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion
(DRG) neurons. However, it is unclear whether activation of TRPV1 expressed in peripheral
nerve terminals is inhibited by α2 receptors and whether this phenomenon
contributes to analgesia. Therefore, we examined effects of clonidine, an α2
receptor agonist, on several types of nociceptive behaviors, which may be caused by TRPV1
activity, and subtypes of α2 receptors expressed with TRPV1 in primary sensory
neurons in rats. Capsaicin injected into hind paws evoked nociceptive behaviors and
clonidine preinjected into the same site inhibited capsaicin-evoked responses. This
inhibition was not observed when clonidine was injected into the contralateral hind paws.
Preinjection of clonidine into the plantar surface of ipsilateral, but not contralateral,
hind paws reduced the sensitivity to heat stimuli. Clonidine partially reduced
formalin-evoked responses when it was preinjected into ipsilateral hind paws. The
expression level of α2C receptor mRNA quantified by real-time PCR was highest
followed by those of α2A and α2B receptors in DRGs. α2A
and α2C receptor-like immunoreactivities were detected with TRPV1-like
immunoreactivities in the same neurons. These results suggest that TRPV1 and α2
receptors are coexpressed in peripheral nerve terminals and that the functional
association between these two molecules causes analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Matsushita
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Miki Manabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Issei Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Masashi Higuchi
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Z Hosaka
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Naoki Kitamura
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
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6
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Beckley JT, Pajouhesh H, Luu G, Klas S, Delwig A, Monteleone D, Zhou X, Giuvelis D, Meng ID, Yeomans DC, Hunter JC, Mulcahy JV. Antinociceptive properties of an isoform-selective inhibitor of Nav1.7 derived from saxitoxin in mouse models of pain. Pain 2021; 162:1250-1261. [PMID: 33086288 PMCID: PMC9359086 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7 is highly expressed in nociceptive afferents and is critically involved in pain signal transmission. Nav1.7 is a genetically validated pain target in humans because loss-of-function mutations cause congenital insensitivity to pain and gain-of-function mutations cause severe pain syndromes. Consequently, pharmacological inhibition has been investigated as an analgesic therapeutic strategy. We describe a small molecule Nav1.7 inhibitor, ST-2530, that is an analog of the naturally occurring sodium channel blocker saxitoxin. When evaluated against human Nav1.7 by patch-clamp electrophysiology using a protocol that favors the resting state, the Kd of ST-2530 was 25 ± 7 nM. ST-2530 exhibited greater than 500-fold selectivity over human voltage-gated sodium channel isoforms Nav1.1-Nav1.6 and Nav1.8. Although ST-2530 had lower affinity against mouse Nav1.7 (Kd = 250 ± 40 nM), potency was sufficient to assess analgesic efficacy in mouse pain models. A 3-mg/kg dose administered subcutaneously was broadly analgesic in acute pain models using noxious thermal, mechanical, and chemical stimuli. ST-2530 also reversed thermal hypersensitivity after a surgical incision on the plantar surface of the hind paw. In the spared nerve injury model of neuropathic pain, ST-2530 transiently reversed mechanical allodynia. These analgesic effects were demonstrated at doses that did not affect locomotion, motor coordination, or olfaction. Collectively, results from this study indicate that pharmacological inhibition of Nav1.7 by a small molecule agent with affinity for the resting state of the channel is sufficient to produce analgesia in a range of preclinical pain models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Beckley
- SiteOne Therapeutics, 351 Evergreen Drive, Suite B-1, Bozeman, MT 59715
| | - Hassan Pajouhesh
- SiteOne Therapeutics, 280 Utah Avenue, Suite 250, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - George Luu
- SiteOne Therapeutics, 280 Utah Avenue, Suite 250, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Sheri Klas
- SiteOne Therapeutics, 351 Evergreen Drive, Suite B-1, Bozeman, MT 59715
| | - Anton Delwig
- SiteOne Therapeutics, 280 Utah Avenue, Suite 250, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Dennis Monteleone
- SiteOne Therapeutics, 280 Utah Avenue, Suite 250, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Xiang Zhou
- SiteOne Therapeutics, 280 Utah Avenue, Suite 250, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Denise Giuvelis
- University of New England, Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, Biddeford, ME 04005
| | - Ian D Meng
- University of New England, Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, Biddeford, ME 04005
| | | | - John C Hunter
- SiteOne Therapeutics, 280 Utah Avenue, Suite 250, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - John V Mulcahy
- SiteOne Therapeutics, 280 Utah Avenue, Suite 250, South San Francisco, CA 94080
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Vivancos M, Fanelli R, Besserer-Offroy É, Beaulieu S, Chartier M, Resua-Rojas M, Mona CE, Previti S, Rémond E, Longpré JM, Cavelier F, Sarret P. Metabolically stable neurotensin analogs exert potent and long-acting analgesia without hypothermia. Behav Brain Res 2021; 405:113189. [PMID: 33607165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous tridecapeptide neurotensin (NT) has emerged as an important inhibitory modulator of pain transmission, exerting its analgesic action through the activation of the G protein-coupled receptors, NTS1 and NTS2. Whereas both NT receptors mediate the analgesic effects of NT, NTS1 activation also produces hypotension and hypothermia, which may represent obstacles for the development of new pain medications. In the present study, we implemented various chemical strategies to improve the metabolic stability of the biologically active fragment NT(8-13) and assessed their NTS1/NTS2 relative binding affinities. We then determined their ability to reduce the nociceptive behaviors in acute, tonic, and chronic pain models and to modulate blood pressure and body temperature. To this end, we synthesized a series of NT(8-13) analogs carrying a reduced amide bond at Lys8-Lys9 and harboring site-selective modifications with unnatural amino acids, such as silaproline (Sip) and trimethylsilylalanine (TMSAla). Incorporation of Sip and TMSAla respectively in positions 10 and 13 of NT(8-13) combined with the Lys8-Lys9 reduced amine bond (JMV5296) greatly prolonged the plasma half-life time over 20 h. These modifications also led to a 25-fold peptide selectivity toward NTS2. More importantly, central delivery of JMV5296 was able to induce a strong antinociceptive effect in acute (tail-flick), tonic (formalin), and chronic inflammatory (CFA) pain models without inducing hypothermia. Altogether, these results demonstrate that the chemically-modified NT(8-13) analog JMV5296 exhibits a better therapeutic profile and may thus represent a promising avenue to guide the development of new stable NT agonists and improve pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Vivancos
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
| | - Roberto Fanelli
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR-CNRS 5247, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Élie Besserer-Offroy
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
| | - Sabrina Beaulieu
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
| | - Magali Chartier
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin Resua-Rojas
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
| | - Christine E Mona
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Santo Previti
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR-CNRS 5247, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Rémond
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR-CNRS 5247, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Jean-Michel Longpré
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
| | - Florine Cavelier
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR-CNRS 5247, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Philippe Sarret
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
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8
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Pain impairs consolidation, but not acquisition or retrieval of a declarative memory. Behav Pharmacol 2020; 31:707-715. [PMID: 32925225 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Among the physical conditions that impair memory performance, pain is one of the most prevalent. However, the mechanisms by which pain impairs memory are largely unknown. In this study, we asked whether pain affects memory acquisition, consolidation and retrieval as well as whether memory impairment depends on pain intensity. Wistar rats received a hind paw injection of formalin (1%) at different phases of object recognition test. The injection of formalin after training but not before training or testing impaired object recognition memory. We concluded that pain impairs the consolidation but not acquisition or retrieval of object recognition memory, which is a subtype of declarative memory. Morphine, at a dose that did not affect object recognition memory in control rats, drastically reduced formalin-induced nociceptive behavior without reversing memory impairment. A lower dose of formalin (0.25%) induced less nociceptive behavior, but similar memory impairment. There is no statistical correlation between the intensity of nociceptive response and the performance in object recognition test. However, when formalin-induced nociceptive response was blocked by a local anesthetic, memory impairment was prevented. These findings suggest that pain-induced impairment in the consolidation of object recognition memory does not directly depend on the intensity of nociceptive activity.
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9
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Yam MF, Loh YC, Oo CW, Basir R. Overview of Neurological Mechanism of Pain Profile Used for Animal "Pain-Like" Behavioral Study with Proposed Analgesic Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124355. [PMID: 32575378 PMCID: PMC7352401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is the most common sensation installed in us naturally which plays a vital role in defending us against severe harm. This neurological mechanism pathway has been one of the most complex and comprehensive topics but there has never been an elaborate justification of the types of analgesics that used to reduce the pain sensation through which specific pathways. Of course, there have been some answers to curbing of pain which is a lifesaver in numerous situations-chronic and acute pain conditions alike. This has been explored by scientists using pain-like behavioral study methodologies in non-anesthetized animals since decades ago to characterize the analgesic profile such as centrally or peripherally acting drugs and allowing for the development of analgesics. However, widely the methodology is being practiced such as the tail flick/Hargreaves test and Von Frey/Randall-Selitto tests which are stimulus-evoked nociception studies, and there has rarely been a complete review of all these methodologies, their benefits and its downside coupled with the mechanism of the action that is involved. Thus, this review solely focused on the complete protocol that is being adapted in each behavioral study methods induced by different phlogogenic agents, the different assessment methods used for phasic, tonic and inflammatory pain studies and the proposed mechanism of action underlying each behavioral study methodology for analgesic drug profiling. It is our belief that this review could significantly provide a concise idea and improve our scientists' understanding towards pain management in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun Fei Yam
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Yean Chun Loh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (Y.C.L.); (R.B.); Tel.: +60-46536018 (Y.C.L.); +60-389472448 (R.B.)
| | - Chuan Wei Oo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Rusliza Basir
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (Y.C.L.); (R.B.); Tel.: +60-46536018 (Y.C.L.); +60-389472448 (R.B.)
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10
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VGF: a biomarker and potential target for the treatment of neuropathic pain? Pain Rep 2019; 4:e786. [PMID: 31875189 PMCID: PMC6882576 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Neuropathic pain (NP) remains an area of considerable unmet medical need. A persistent challenge in the management of NP is to target the specific mechanisms leading to a change from normal to abnormal sensory perception while ensuring that the defensive pain perception remains intact. Targeting VGF-derived neuropeptides may offer this opportunity. VGF was first identified in 1985 and is highly expressed after nerve injury and inflammation in neurons of both the peripheral and central nervous system. Subsequent studies implicate the vgf gene and its products in pain pathways. This narrative review was supported by a systematic search to identify, select, and critically appraise all relevant research investigating the role of VGF-derived neuropeptides in pain pathways. It predominantly focuses on in vivo investigations of the role of VGF in the initiation and maintenance of NP. VGF expression levels are very low under normal physiological conditions and nerve injury results in rapid and robust upregulation, increasing mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity. The identification of the 2 complement receptors with which VGF neuropeptides interact suggests a novel interplay of neuronal and immune signalling mediators. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms and signalling events by which VGF-derived active neuropeptides exert their physiological actions is in its infancy. Future work should aim to improve understanding of the downstream consequences of VGF neuropeptides thereby providing novel insights into pain mechanisms potentially leading to the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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11
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Tamaddonfard E, Tamaddonfard S, Cheraghiyan S. Effects of intracerebroventricular injection of vitamin B 12 on formalin-induced muscle pain in rats: Role of cyclooxygenase pathway and opioid receptors. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2018; 9:329-335. [PMID: 30713611 PMCID: PMC6346495 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2018.33104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin B12 modulates pain at the local and peripheral levels. This study has investigated the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of vitamin B12 on themuscle pain. We used diclofenac (cyclooxygenase inhibitor) and naloxone (opioid receptors antagonist) to clarify the possible mechanisms. For ICV injections, a guide cannula was implanted in the left lateral ventricle of the brain. Muscle pain was induced by intramuscular injection of formalin (2.50%; 50 µl) in the right gastrocnemius muscle and the number of paw flinching was recorded at 5-min blocks for 60 min. Locomotor activity was performed using an open-field test. Formalin induced a biphasic pain. Vitamin B12 (1.25, 2.50, 5.00 and 10.00 µg per rat) and diclofenac (12.50 and 25.00 µg per rat) significantly reduced both phases pain intensity. Significant antinociceptive effects were observed after combined treatments of diclofenac (6.25 and 12.50 µg per rat) with vitamin B12 (0.63 and 2.50 µg per rat), respectively. Prior ICV injection of naloxone (10.00 µg per rat) prevented vitamin B12 (10.00 µg per rat) and diclofenac (25.00 µg per rat) induced antinociceptive effects. All the above-mentioned chemicals did not alter locomotor behavior in an open-field test. The present results showed that the cyclooxygenase pathway and opioid receptors may be involved in the central antinociceptive effect of vitamin B12. In addition, opioid receptors might be involved in diclofenac-induced antinociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeal Tamaddonfard
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sina Tamaddonfard
- DVM Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia Branch of Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Siamak Cheraghiyan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia Branch of Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
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12
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Marius M, Gonzal TE, Gilbert A, William NY, Francis Désiré BT, Stephanie Flore DN, Sorelle MN, Marius Tresor WK. Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties of aqueous and methanolic stem bark extracts from Nauclea pobeguinii (Rubiacee) in rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 15:jcim-2017-0140. [PMID: 29791314 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2017-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Nauclea pobeguinii is a plant species found in the centre region of Cameroon. The stem bark of this plant is traditionally used to ease pain and cure inflammation. Method This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of doses 150 and 300 mg/kg of the aqueous and methanolic stem bark extracts from Nauclea pobeguinii on acute pain, acute and chronic inflammation induced by formalin and arthritis induced by zymosan A in rats. Oxidative stress parameters such as catalase, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide were measured in rats subjected to chronic inflammation. The standard used was diclofenac at 5 mg/kg. Results Aqueous extract as well as methanolic extract of Nauclea pobeguinii led to a significant reduction in the second phase of formalin induced pain with 54.22 and 48.02% of inhibition percentage, respectively. The formalin-induced inflammatory oedema was reduced by both extracts, and this effect remains significant until the tenth day of treatment. Equally, extracts significantly increased the catalase activity and inhibited the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum, brain and spinal cord and NO reduction only in serum. Both extracts significantly reduced the articular oedema induced by zymosan A for 6 h and for 5 days. Furthermore, the histological study of the articulations shows a non-altered synovial membrane and a small cartilage in all treated animals versus negative control group. Conclusions From these results, it can be concluded that pain, inflammation and arthritic healing activities of both stem bark extracts were expressed in rats and could conciliate the use of this vegetable by traditional African healers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mbiantcha Marius
- Laboratory of Animal Physiolgy and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Tsafack Eric Gonzal
- Laboratory of Animal Physiolgy and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Ateufack Gilbert
- Laboratory of Animal Physiolgy and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Nana Yousseu William
- Laboratory of Animal Physiolgy and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Bomba Tatsinkou Francis Désiré
- Laboratory of Animal Physiolgy and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Djuichou Nguemnang Stephanie Flore
- Laboratory of Animal Physiolgy and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Mbankou Ngassam Sorelle
- Laboratory of Animal Physiolgy and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Wego Kamgaing Marius Tresor
- Laboratory of Animal Physiolgy and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
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13
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McCarson KE, Winter MK, Abrahamson DR, Berman NE, Smith PG. Assessing complex movement behaviors in rodent models of neurological disorders. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 165:106817. [PMID: 29476821 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral phenotyping is a crucial step in validating animal models of human disease. Most traditional behavioral analyses rely on investigator observation of animal subjects, which can be confounded by inter-observer variability, scoring consistency, and the ability to observe extremely rapid, small, or repetitive movements. Force-Plate Actimeter (FPA)-based assessments can quantify locomotor activity and detailed motor activity with an incredibly rich data stream that can reveal details of movement unobservable by the naked eye. This report describes four specific examples of FPA analysis of behavior that have been useful in specific rat or mouse models of human neurological disease, which show how FPA analysis can be used to capture and quantify specific features of the complex behavioral phenotypes of these animal models. The first example quantifies nociceptive behavior of the rat following injection of formalin into the footpad as a common model of persistent inflammatory pain. The second uses actimetry to quantify intense, rapid circling behaviors in a transgenic mouse that overexpresses human laminin α5, a basement membrane protein. The third example assesses place preference behaviors in a rat model of migraine headache modeling phonophobia and photophobia. In the fourth example, FPA analysis revealed a unique movement signature emerged with age in a digenic mutant mouse model of Tourette Syndrome. Taken together, these approaches demonstrate the power and usefulness of the FPA in the examination and quantification of minute details of motor behaviors, greatly expanding the scope and detail of behavioral phenotyping of preclinical models of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth E McCarson
- Kansas Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Michelle K Winter
- Kansas Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Dale R Abrahamson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Nancy E Berman
- Kansas Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Peter G Smith
- Kansas Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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14
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Hu ZJ, Han W, Cao CQ, Mao-Ying QL, Mi WL, Wang YQ. Peripheral Leptin Signaling Mediates Formalin-Induced Nociception. Neurosci Bull 2017; 34:321-329. [PMID: 29204732 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that obesity is associated with chronic pain. However, whether obesity is associated with acute inflammatory pain is unknown. Using a well-established obese mouse model induced by a high-fat diet, we found that: (1) the acute thermal pain sensory threshold did not change in obese mice; (2) the model obese mice had fewer nociceptive responses in formalin-induced inflammatory pain tests; restoring the obese mice to a chow diet for three weeks partly recovered their pain sensation; (3) leptin injection induced significant phosphorylation of STAT3 in control mice but not in obese mice, indicating the dysmodulation of topical leptin-leptin receptor signaling in these mice; and (4) leptin-leptin receptor signaling-deficient mice (ob/ob and db/db) or leptin-leptin receptor pathway blockade with a leptin receptor antagonist and the JAK2 inhibitor AG 490 in wild-type mice reduced their nociceptive responses in formalin tests. These results indicate that leptin plays a role in nociception induced by acute inflammation and that interference in the leptin-leptin receptor pathway could be a peripheral target against acute inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jing Hu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- WuXi AppTec, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Wei Han
- WuXi AppTec, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | | | - Qi-Liang Mao-Ying
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wen-Li Mi
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan-Qing Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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15
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Ghasemi H, Tamaddonfard E, Soltanalinejad F. Role of thalamic ventral posterolateral nucleus histamine H 2 and opiate receptors in modulation of formalin-induced muscle pain in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:1393-1401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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16
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Srebro DP, Vučković SM, Dožić IS, Dožić BS, Savić Vujović KR, Milovanović AP, Karadžić BV, Prostran MŠ. Magnesium sulfate reduces formalin-induced orofacial pain in rats with normal magnesium serum levels. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 70:81-86. [PMID: 29331791 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In humans, orofacial pain has a high prevalence and is often difficult to treat. Magnesium is an essential element in biological a system which controls the activity of many ion channels, neurotransmitters and enzymes. Magnesium produces an antinociceptive effect in neuropathic pain, while in inflammatory pain results are not consistent. We examined the effects of magnesium sulfate using the rat orofacial formalin test, a model of trigeminal pain. METHODS Male Wistar rats were injected with 1.5% formalin into the perinasal area, and the total time spent in pain-related behavior (face rubbing) was quantified. We also spectrophotometrically determined the concentration of magnesium and creatine kinase activity in blood serum. RESULTS Magnesium sulfate administered subcutaneously (0.005-45mg/kg) produced significant antinociception in the second phase of the orofacial formalin test in rats at physiological serum concentration of magnesium. The effect was not dose-dependent. The maximum antinociceptive effect of magnesium sulfate was about 50% and was achieved at doses of 15 and 45mg/kg. Magnesium did not affect increase the levels of serum creatine kinase activity. CONCLUSIONS Preemptive systemic administration of magnesium sulfate as the only drug can be used to prevent inflammatory pain in the orofacial region. Its analgesic effect is not associated with magnesium deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana P Srebro
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Sonja M Vučković
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan S Dožić
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko S Dožić
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina R Savić Vujović
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar P Milovanović
- Institute of Occupational Health "Dr Dragomir Karajovic", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislav V Karadžić
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Š Prostran
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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17
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Flak JN, Arble D, Pan W, Patterson C, Lanigan T, Goforth PB, Sacksner J, Joosten M, Morgan DA, Allison MB, Hayes J, Feldman E, Seeley RJ, Olson DP, Rahmouni K, Myers MG. A leptin-regulated circuit controls glucose mobilization during noxious stimuli. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:3103-3113. [PMID: 28714862 DOI: 10.1172/jci90147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes secrete the hormone leptin to signal the sufficiency of energy stores. Reductions in circulating leptin concentrations reflect a negative energy balance, which augments sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation in response to metabolically demanding emergencies. This process ensures adequate glucose mobilization despite low energy stores. We report that leptin receptor-expressing neurons (LepRb neurons) in the periaqueductal gray (PAG), the largest population of LepRb neurons in the brain stem, mediate this process. Application of noxious stimuli, which often signal the need to mobilize glucose to support an appropriate response, activated PAG LepRb neurons, which project to and activate parabrachial nucleus (PBN) neurons that control SNS activation and glucose mobilization. Furthermore, activating PAG LepRb neurons increased SNS activity and blood glucose concentrations, while ablating LepRb in PAG neurons augmented glucose mobilization in response to noxious stimuli. Thus, decreased leptin action on PAG LepRb neurons augments the autonomic response to noxious stimuli, ensuring sufficient glucose mobilization during periods of acute demand in the face of diminished energy stores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Warren Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine.,Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, and
| | | | | | - Paulette B Goforth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | - Donald A Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Margaret B Allison
- Department of Internal Medicine.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology
| | | | | | | | - David P Olson
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Martin G Myers
- Department of Internal Medicine.,Department of Surgery.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology
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18
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Design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of some pyrazolopyrimidin-6(7H)-ones and tricyclic 8-oxo-dihydrooxazolopyrazolopyrimidin-9-ium chloride derivatives. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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19
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Erami E, Azhdari-Zarmehri H, Imoto K, Furue H. Characterization of Nociceptive Behaviors Induced by Formalin in the Glabrous and Hairy Skin of Rats. Basic Clin Neurosci 2017; 8:37-42. [PMID: 28446948 PMCID: PMC5396171 DOI: 10.15412/j.bcn.03080105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Glabrous skin and hairy skin are innervated by different types of noxious fibers. However, the different nociceptive behaviors induced by formalin, a commonly used model of acute inflammatory pain, have not yet been systematically examined in the glabrous and hairy skin. Methods: In this study, we compared nociceptive behaviors induced by formalin injections (2%, 4%, and 8%) into either glabrous skin (plantar surface) of the hind paw or hairy skin of the hind limb in adult rats. Results: A typical biphasic nociceptive response was seen after formalin injection into the plantar surface of the hind paw. A brief interphase separates the first and second phases where nociceptive behaviors were barely spotted. However, following subcutaneous injection into the hairy skin nociceptive behaviors were only seen after 10 minutes of formalin injection, which correlates in time with the second phase of the formalin response. First phase nociceptive behaviors were never seen with hairy skin injection, even following multiple injections of formalin. Conclusion: These data suggest that nociceptive behaviors and spinal responses induced by formalin injections to glabrous and hairy skin areas are different, and that the first and second phases may be mediated through different noxious afferent fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Erami
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.,Department of Information Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Hassan Azhdari-Zarmehri
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences and Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.,Department of Information Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Keiji Imoto
- Department of Information Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,School of Life Science, University for Advanced studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Furue
- Department of Information Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,School of Life Science, University for Advanced studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Japan
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20
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Banerjee AG, Kothapalli LP, Sharma PA, Thomas AB, Nanda RK, Shrivastava SK, Khatanglekar VV. A facile microwave assisted one pot synthesis of novel xanthene derivatives as potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. ARAB J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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21
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Abstract
Time-dependent increases of local metabolic or blood flow rates have been described in spinal cord and brain during acute and chronic pain states in experimental animals, in parallel with changes of different behavioral endpoints of pain and hyperalgesia. In healthy human volunteers, pain intensity-related hemo-dynamic changes have been identified in a widespread, bilateral brain system including parietal, insular, cingulate, and frontal cortical areas, as well as thalamus, amygdala, and midbrain. Specific patterns of activity may characterize hyperalgesic states and some chronic pain conditions. Forebrain nociceptive systems are under inhibitory control by endogenous opioids and can be affected by acute administration of [.proportional]-opioid receptor agonists. Anticipation of pain may in itself induce changes in brain nociceptive networks. Moreover, pain-related cortical activity can be modulated by hypnotic suggestions, focusing or diverting attention, and placebo. These findings begin to disclose the spatio-temporal dynamics of brain networks underlying pain perception and modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo A Porro
- Dip. Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, University di Udine, Italy.
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22
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Guo Y, Wang Y, Sun Y, Wang JY. A Brain Signature to Differentiate Acute and Chronic Pain in Rats. Front Comput Neurosci 2016; 10:41. [PMID: 27199727 PMCID: PMC4849226 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2016.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition from acute pain to chronic pain entails considerable changes of patients at multiple levels of the nervous system and in psychological states. An accurate differentiation between acute and chronic pain is essential in pain management as it may help optimize analgesic treatments according to the pain state of patients. Given that acute and chronic pain could modulate brain states in different ways and that brain states could greatly shape the neural processing of external inputs, we hypothesized that acute and chronic pain would show differential effects on cortical responses to non-nociceptive sensory information. Here by analyzing auditory-evoked potentials (AEPs) to pure tones in rats with acute or chronic pain, we found opposite influences of acute and chronic pain on cortical responses to auditory inputs. In particular, compared to no-pain controls, the N100 wave of rat AEPs was significantly enhanced in rats with acute pain but significantly reduced in rats with chronic pain, indicating that acute pain facilitated cortical processing of auditory information while chronic pain exerted an inhibitory effect. These findings could be justified by the fact that individuals suffering from acute or chronic pain would have different vigilance states, i.e., the vigilance level to external sensory stimuli would be increased with acute pain, but decreased with chronic pain. Therefore, this auditory response holds promise of being a brain signature to differentiate acute and chronic pain. Instead of investigating the pain system per se, the study of pain-induced influences on cortical processing of non-nocicpetive sensory information might represent a potential strategy to monitor the progress of pain chronification in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China; School of Humanities, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yuzheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China; School of Humanities, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yabin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China; School of Humanities, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Jin-Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
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23
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Rapacz A, Obniska J, Wiklik-Poudel B, Rybka S, Sałat K, Filipek B. Anticonvulsant and antinociceptive activity of new amides derived from 3-phenyl-2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidine-1-yl-acetic acid in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 781:239-49. [PMID: 27089821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present experiments was to examine the anticonvulsant and antinociceptive activity of five new amides derived from 3-phenyl-2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidine-1-yl-acetic acid in animal models of seizures and pain. The antiseizure activity was investigated in three acute models of seizures, namely, the maximal electroshock (MES), the subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ), and 6Hz psychomotor seizure tests in mice. The antinociceptive properties were estimated in the formalin model of tonic pain, and in the oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain model in mice. Considering drug safety evaluation, acute neurological toxicity was determined in the rotarod test. Three tested compounds (3, 4, and 7) displayed a broad spectrum of anticonvulsant activity and showed better protective indices than those obtained for MES/scPTZ/6Hz active reference drug - valproic acid. Furthermore, three compounds (3, 4, and 6) demonstrated a significant antinociceptive effect in the formalin test, as well as antiallodynic activity in the oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain model. Among the tested agents, compounds 3 and 4 displayed not only antiseizure properties, but also collateral prominent analgesic properties. The in vitro binding study indicated that the plausible mechanism of action of chosen compound (4) was the influence on neuronal voltage-sensitive sodium (site 2) and L-type calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rapacz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Obniska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Beata Wiklik-Poudel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sabina Rybka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kinga Sałat
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Filipek
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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Vanini G. Sleep Deprivation and Recovery Sleep Prior to a Noxious Inflammatory Insult Influence Characteristics and Duration of Pain. Sleep 2016; 39:133-42. [PMID: 26237772 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.5334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Insufficient sleep and chronic pain are public health epidemics. Sleep loss worsens pain and predicts the development of chronic pain. Whether previous, acute sleep loss and recovery sleep determine pain levels and duration remains poorly understood. This study tested whether acute sleep deprivation and recovery sleep prior to formalin injection alter post-injection pain levels and duration. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 48) underwent sleep deprivation or ad libitum sleep for 9 hours. Thereafter, rats received a subcutaneous injection of formalin or saline into a hind paw. In the recovery sleep group, rats were allowed 24 h between sleep deprivation and the injection of formalin. Mechanical and thermal nociception were assessed using the von Frey test and Hargreaves' method. Nociceptive measures were performed at 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 17 and 21 days post-injection. RESULTS Formalin caused bilateral mechanical hypersensitivity (allodynia) that persisted for up to 21 days post-injection. Sleep deprivation significantly enhanced bilateral allodynia. There was a synergistic interaction when sleep deprivation preceded a formalin injection. Rats allowed a recovery sleep period prior to formalin injection developed allodynia only in the injected limb, with higher mechanical thresholds (less allodynia) and a shorter recovery period. There were no persistent changes in thermal nociception. CONCLUSION The data suggest that acute sleep loss preceding an inflammatory insult enhances pain and can contribute to chronic pain. The results encourage studies in a model of surgical pain to test whether enhancing sleep reduces pain levels and duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Vanini
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Bohár Z, Nagy-Grócz G, Fejes-Szabó A, Tar L, László AM, Büki A, Szabadi N, Vraukó V, Vécsei L, Párdutz Á. Diverse effects of Brilliant Blue G administration in models of trigeminal activation in the rat. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2015; 122:1621-31. [PMID: 26298729 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-015-1445-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the trigeminal system plays an important role in the pathomechanism of headaches. A better understanding of trigeminal pain processing is expected to provide information helping to unravel the background of these diseases. ATP, a key modulator of nociceptive processing, acts on ligand-gated P2X receptors. Antagonists of the P2X7 receptors, such as Brilliant Blue G (BBG), have proved effective in several models of pain. We have investigated the effects of BBG after electrical stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion and in the orofacial formalin test in the rat. The right trigeminal ganglion of male rats was stimulated either with 5 Hz, 0.5 mA pulses for 5 min (mild procedure) or with 10 Hz, 0.5 mA pulses for 30 min (robust procedure), preceded by 50 mg/kg i.v. BBG. The animals were processed for c-Fos and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) immunohistochemistry. In the orofacial formalin test, 50 μL of 1.5 % formalin was injected into the right whisker pad of awake rats, following the pre-treatment with BBG. Behaviour was monitored for 45 min, and c-Fos and CGRP immunohistochemistry was performed. BBG attenuated the increase in c-Fos-positive cells in the caudal trigeminal nucleus (TNC) after robust stimulation, but not after mild stimulation. No alterations in CGRP levels were found with either methodology. BBG did not mitigate either the behaviour or the increase in c-Fos-positive cells in the TNC during the orofacial formalin test. These results indicate that P2X7 receptors may have a role in the modulation of nociception in the trigeminal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Bohár
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Semmelweis u. 6., Szeged, 6725, Hungary
| | - Gábor Nagy-Grócz
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6., Szeged, 6725, Hungary
| | - Annamária Fejes-Szabó
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6., Szeged, 6725, Hungary
| | - Lilla Tar
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna M László
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Büki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Szabadi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6., Szeged, 6725, Hungary
| | - Veronika Vraukó
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6., Szeged, 6725, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Semmelweis u. 6., Szeged, 6725, Hungary. .,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6., Szeged, 6725, Hungary.
| | - Árpád Párdutz
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6., Szeged, 6725, Hungary
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Banerjee AG, Das N, Shengule SA, Srivastava RS, Shrivastava SK. Synthesis, characterization, evaluation and molecular dynamics studies of 5, 6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazin-3(2H)-one derivatives bearing 5-substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole as potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 101:81-95. [PMID: 26117820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of triazin-3(2H)-one derivatives bearing 1,3,4-oxadiazole (4a-4o) were synthesized, characterized and evaluated for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Preliminary in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using an albumin denaturation assay. The promising compounds were further evaluated in acute, sub-chronic and chronic animal models of inflammation. Derivatives 4d, 4e, 4g, 4j and 4l exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity with reduced ulcerogenic, hepatotoxic and renotoxic liabilities compared to standard indomethacin. These potential derivatives were also evaluated for in vivo analgesic activity using a writhing model and the formalin-induced paw licking response in mice. Compounds 4d, 4e and 4g exhibited comparable analgesic activity, whereas 4j and 4l yielded moderate effects. The specificity of compounds 4d, 4e, 4g, 4j, and 4l to inhibit (cyclooxygenase-1) COX-1 and (cyclooxygenase-2) COX-2 isozymes and their kinetics were also determined via an in vitro COX inhibition assay. In silico docking studies were performed using a molecular dynamics simulation of the most active compound 4d (COX-2 IC50: 3.07 μM) at the COX-2 active site. The outcome of this exercise helped to verify the consensual interaction of these compounds with the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam G Banerjee
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221 005, India.
| | - Nirupam Das
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Sushant A Shengule
- National Toxicology Centre, Vadgaon Khurd, Sinhagad Road, Pune, 411 041, India
| | - Radhey Shyam Srivastava
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Sushant Kumar Shrivastava
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221 005, India.
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Hamzeh-Gooshchi N, Tamaddonfard E, Farshid AA. Effects of microinjection of histamine into the anterior cingulate cortex on pain-related behaviors induced by formalin in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:593-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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The Effects of Levetiracetam, Sumatriptan, and Caffeine in a Rat Model of Trigeminal Pain. Anesth Analg 2015; 120:1385-93. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000000640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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D-aspartate modulates nociceptive-specific neuron activity and pain threshold in inflammatory and neuropathic pain condition in mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:905906. [PMID: 25629055 PMCID: PMC4299315 DOI: 10.1155/2015/905906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
D-Aspartate (D-Asp) is a free D-amino acid found in the mammalian brain with a temporal-dependent concentration based on the postnatal expression of its metabolizing enzyme D-aspartate oxidase (DDO). D-Asp acts as an agonist on NMDA receptors (NMDARs). Accordingly, high levels of D-Asp in knockout mice for Ddo gene (Ddo (-/-)) or in mice treated with D-Asp increase NMDAR-dependent processes. We have here evaluated in Ddo (-/-) mice the effect of high levels of free D-Asp on the long-term plastic changes along the nociceptive pathway occurring in chronic and acute pain condition. We found that Ddo (-/-) mice show an increased evoked activity of the nociceptive specific (NS) neurons of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord (L4-L6) and a significant decrease of mechanical and thermal thresholds, as compared to control mice. Moreover, Ddo gene deletion exacerbated the nocifensive responses in the formalin test and slightly reduced pain thresholds in neuropathic mice up to 7 days after chronic constriction injury. These findings suggest that the NMDAR agonist, D-Asp, may play a role in the regulation of NS neuron electrophysiological activity and behavioral responses in physiological and pathological pain conditions.
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Silveira MLL, Smiderle FR, Moraes CP, Borato DG, Baggio CH, Ruthes AC, Wisbeck E, Sassaki GL, Cipriani TR, Furlan SA, Iacomini M. Structural characterization and anti-inflammatory activity of a linear β-D-glucan isolated from Pleurotus sajor-caju. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 113:588-96. [PMID: 25256522 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Glucans comprise an important class of polysaccharides present in basidiomycetes with potential biological activities. A (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan was isolated from Pleurotus sajor-caju via extraction with hot water followed by fractionation by freeze-thawing and finally by dimethyl sulfoxide extraction. The purified polysaccharide showed a (13)C-NMR spectrum with six signals consisting of a linear glucan with a β-anomeric signal at 102.8 ppm and a signal at 86.1 ppm relative to O-3 substitution. The other signals at 76.2, 72.9, 68.3, and 60.8 ppm were attributed to C5, C2, C4, and C6, respectively. This structure was confirmed by methylation analysis, and HSQC studies. The β-d-glucan from P. sajor-caju presented an immunomodulatory activity on THP-1 macrophages, inhibited the inflammatory phase of nociception induced by formalin in mice, and reduced the number of total leukocytes and myeloperoxidase levels induced by LPS. Taken together, these results demonstrate that this β-d-glucan exhibits a significant anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia L L Silveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19046, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Universidade da Região de Joinville, CEP 89219-710 Joinville, SC, Brazil
| | - Fhernanda R Smiderle
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19046, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Carla Porto Moraes
- Universidade da Região de Joinville, CEP 89219-710 Joinville, SC, Brazil
| | - Débora G Borato
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19031, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Cristiane H Baggio
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19031, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Andrea Caroline Ruthes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19046, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth Wisbeck
- Universidade da Região de Joinville, CEP 89219-710 Joinville, SC, Brazil
| | - Guilherme L Sassaki
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19046, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Thales R Cipriani
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19046, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Sandra A Furlan
- Universidade da Região de Joinville, CEP 89219-710 Joinville, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcello Iacomini
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19046, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Ralya A, McCarson KE. Acute estrogen surge enhances inflammatory nociception without altering spinal Fos expression. Neurosci Lett 2014; 575:91-5. [PMID: 24861514 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a major neurological disorder that can manifest differently between genders or sexes. The complex actions of sex hormones may underlie these differences; previous studies have suggested that elevated estrogen levels can enhance pain perception. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that acute, activational effects of estradiol (E2) increase persistent inflammatory nociception, and anatomically where this modulation occurs. Spinal expression of Fos is widely used as a marker of nociceptive activation. This study used formalin-evoked nociception in ovariectomized (OVX) adult female rats and measured late-phase hindlimb flinching and Fos expression in the spinal cord, and their modification by acute estrogen supplementation similar to a proestrus surge. Six days after ovariectomy, female rats were injected subcutaneously (s.c.) with 10μg/kg E2 or vehicle. Twenty-four hours later, 50μL of 1.25% or 100μL of 5% formalin was injected into the right hindpaw; hindlimb flinches were counted, and spinal cords removed 2h after formalin injection. The numbers of Fos-expressing neurons in sections of the lumbar spinal cord were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Formalin-induced inflammation produced a dose-dependent increase in late-phase hindlimb flinching, and E2 pretreatment increased flinching following 5%, but not 1.25% formalin injection. Despite the modification of behavior by E2, the number of spinal Fos-positive neurons was not altered by E2 pretreatment. These findings demonstrate that an acute proestrus-like surge in serum estrogen can produce a stimulus-intensity-dependent increase in inflammation-evoked nociceptive behavior. However, the lack of effect on spinal Fos expression suggests that this enhancement of nociceptive signaling by estrogen is independent of changes in peripheral activation of, expression of the immediate early gene Fos by, or signal throughput of spinal nociceptive neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Ralya
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS 1018, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States.
| | - Kenneth E McCarson
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS 1018, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States.
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Fischer M, Carli G, Raboisson P, Reeh P. The interphase of the formalin test. Pain 2014; 155:511-521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Tung D, Ciallella J, Hain H, Cheung PH, Saha S. Possible therapeutic effect of trilostane in rodent models of inflammation and nociception. CURRENT THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH 2014; 75:71-6. [PMID: 24465047 PMCID: PMC3898193 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Trilostane was identified in an in vivo screen of compounds in a lipopolysaccharide model of inflammation to support a repurposing effort. There is no previous documentation of any anti-inflammatory effects of trilostane. Objective The aim of this study was to elucidate the novel pharmacologic activity of trilostane in a series of inflammation and nociception signal-finding models. Methods Anti-inflammatory effects of trilostane were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic and lung inflammation models and in a 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene–induced delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) model in the mouse ear. The analgesic activities of trilostane were evaluated in a hot plate nociception model as a function of paw-withdrawal latency and in the formalin-induced nociception model with a behavioral end point. In all studies, trilostane was administered 15 minutes before challenge. In the DTH model, the animals were given a second dose 24 hours after the first dose. Results Trilostane inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production in the lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic and pulmonary inflammation models. It also significantly reduced ear swelling in the 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene–induced DTH model. In the hot plate nociception model, trilostane increased the latency of paw-licking behavior. Trilostane also significantly reduced the duration of pain behaviors in the late phase of the formalin-induced inflammatory pain model. Conclusions These signal-finding studies suggest that trilostane has novel anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tung
- BioMed Valley Discoveries, Kansas City, Missouri
| | | | | | | | - Saurabh Saha
- BioMed Valley Discoveries, Kansas City, Missouri
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UVB radiation generates sunburn pain and affects skin by activating epidermal TRPV4 ion channels and triggering endothelin-1 signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:E3225-34. [PMID: 23929777 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1312933110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
At our body surface, the epidermis absorbs UV radiation. UV overexposure leads to sunburn with tissue injury and pain. To understand how, we focus on TRPV4, a nonselective cation channel highly expressed in epithelial skin cells and known to function in sensory transduction, a property shared with other transient receptor potential channels. We show that following UVB exposure mice with induced Trpv4 deletions, specifically in keratinocytes, are less sensitive to noxious thermal and mechanical stimuli than control animals. Exploring the mechanism, we find that epidermal TRPV4 orchestrates UVB-evoked skin tissue damage and increased expression of the proalgesic/algogenic mediator endothelin-1. In culture, UVB causes a direct, TRPV4-dependent Ca(2+) response in keratinocytes. In mice, topical treatment with a TRPV4-selective inhibitor decreases UVB-evoked pain behavior, epidermal tissue damage, and endothelin-1 expression. In humans, sunburn enhances epidermal expression of TRPV4 and endothelin-1, underscoring the potential of keratinocyte-derived TRPV4 as a therapeutic target for UVB-induced sunburn, in particular pain.
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Wheeler-Kingshott CA, Stroman PW, Schwab JM, Bacon M, Bosma R, Brooks J, Cadotte DW, Carlstedt T, Ciccarelli O, Cohen-Adad J, Curt A, Evangelou N, Fehlings MG, Filippi M, Kelley BJ, Kollias S, Mackay A, Porro CA, Smith S, Strittmatter SM, Summers P, Thompson AJ, Tracey I. The current state-of-the-art of spinal cord imaging: applications. Neuroimage 2013; 84:1082-93. [PMID: 23859923 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A first-ever spinal cord imaging meeting was sponsored by the International Spinal Research Trust and the Wings for Life Foundation with the aim of identifying the current state-of-the-art of spinal cord imaging, the current greatest challenges, and greatest needs for future development. This meeting was attended by a small group of invited experts spanning all aspects of spinal cord imaging from basic research to clinical practice. The greatest current challenges for spinal cord imaging were identified as arising from the imaging environment itself; difficult imaging environment created by the bone surrounding the spinal canal, physiological motion of the cord and adjacent tissues, and small crosssectional dimensions of the spinal cord, exacerbated by metallic implants often present in injured patients. Challenges were also identified as a result of a lack of "critical mass" of researchers taking on the development of spinal cord imaging, affecting both the rate of progress in the field, and the demand for equipment and software to manufacturers to produce the necessary tools. Here we define the current state-of-the-art of spinal cord imaging, discuss the underlying theory and challenges, and present the evidence for the current and potential power of these methods. In two review papers (part I and part II), we propose that the challenges can be overcome with advances in methods, improving availability and effectiveness of methods, and linking existing researchers to create the necessary scientific and clinical network to advance the rate of progress and impact of the research.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Wheeler-Kingshott
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, England, UK.
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Alves FL, Barbosa Júnior A, Hoffmann A. Antinociception in piauçu fish induced by exposure to the conspecific alarm substance. Physiol Behav 2013; 110-111:58-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Ruthes AC, Carbonero ER, Córdova MM, Baggio CH, Santos ARS, Sassaki GL, Cipriani TR, Gorin PAJ, Iacomini M. Lactarius rufus (1→3),(1→6)-β-D-glucans: structure, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 94:129-36. [PMID: 23544521 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal health benefits uses of edible as well as non-edible mushrooms have been long recognized. The pharmacological potential of mushrooms, especially antitumor, immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory activities has been documented. Wild ectomycorrhizal mushroom, Lactarius rufus had the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive potential of their polysaccharides evaluated using the formalin model. Two structurally different (1→3),(1→6)-linked β-D-glucans were isolated from fruiting bodies. Soluble (FSHW) β-D-glucan 1-30 mg kg(-1) produced potent inhibition of inflammatory pain caused by formalin when compared with the insoluble one (IHW), suggesting that solubility and/or branching degree could alter the activity of β-glucans. Their structures were determined using mono- and bi-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, methylation analysis, and controlled Smith degradation. They were β-D-glucans, with a main chain of (1→3)-linked Glcp residues, substituted at O-6 by single-unit Glcp side chains (IHW), on average to every fourth residue of the backbone, or by mono- and few oligosaccharide side chains for soluble β-glucan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Caroline Ruthes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19046, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Cadotte DW, Stroman PW, Mikulis D, Fehlings MG. A systematic review of spinal fMRI research: outlining the elements of experimental design. J Neurosurg Spine 2012; 17:102-18. [DOI: 10.3171/2012.5.aospine1278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Object
Since the first published report of spinal functional MRI (fMRI) in humans in 1996, this body of literature has grown substantially. In the present article, the authors systematically review all spinal fMRI studies conducted in healthy individuals with a focus on the different motor and sensory paradigms used and the results acquired.
Methods
The authors conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE for literature published from 1990 through November 2011 reporting on stimulation paradigms used to assess spinal fMRI scans in healthy individuals.
Results
They identified 19 peer-reviewed studies from 1996 to the present in which a combination of different spinal fMRI methods were used to investigate the spinal cord in healthy individuals. Eight of the studies used a motor stimulation paradigm, 10 used a sensory stimulation paradigm, and 1 compared motor and sensory stimulation paradigms.
Conclusions
Despite differences in the results of various studies, even when similar stimulation paradigms were used, this body of literature underscores that spinal fMRI signals can be obtained from the human spinal cord. The authors intend this review to serve as an introduction to spinal fMRI research and what it may offer the field of spinal cord injury research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. Cadotte
- 1Division of Neuroscience, Division of Neurosurgery, and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto
| | - Patrick W. Stroman
- 2Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Physics, Queen's University, Kingston
| | - David Mikulis
- 3Division of Brain Imaging and Behaviour Systems, Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital; and
| | - Michael G. Fehlings
- 4Department of Surgery, University of Toronto and Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Li Q, Ouyang H, Wang P, Zeng W. The antinociceptive effect of intrathecal escin in the rat formalin test. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 674:234-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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40
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Lee SH, Kim DW, Back SS, Hwang HS, Park EY, Kang TC, Kwon OS, Park JH, Cho SW, Han KH, Park JS, Eum WS, Choi SY. Transduced Tat-Annexin protein suppresses inflammation-associated gene expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. BMB Rep 2011; 44:484-9. [DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2011.44.7.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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41
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Mulla W, Kuchekar S, Thorat V, Chopade A, Kuchekar B. Antioxidant, Antinociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Leaves of Alocasia indica (Schott.). J Young Pharm 2011; 2:137-43. [PMID: 21264115 PMCID: PMC3021687 DOI: 10.4103/0975-1483.63152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracts obtained from the leaves of various Alocasia species have been used in India as folk remedy for the treatment of various inflammatory ailments including rheumatism and bruise. The ethanolic extract of leaves of Alocasia indica Schott. was evaluated by using different in vitro antioxidant models of screening like scavenging of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, nitric oxide radical, superoxide anion radical, and hydroxyl radical. The antinociceptive activity was tested by acetic acid-induced writhing response, hot plate method, and tail flick method in albino rats. The anti-inflammatory potential of gels of ethanolic extract has been determined by using carrageenan-induced paw edema assay, formalin-induced paw edema assay, arachidonic acid-induced ear edema assay, and xylene-induced ear edema assay. The extract showed remarkable antioxidant activity in all models, comparable to the standard reference drug ascorbic acid. The ethanolic extract of Alocasia indica and its gels produced dose-dependent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity, respectively. This finding suggests that ethanolic extract of A. indica possess potent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity possibly due to its free radical scavenging properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wa Mulla
- Government College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Karad 415 124, India
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42
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Pavone F, Luvisetto S. Botulinum neurotoxin for pain management: insights from animal models. Toxins (Basel) 2010; 2:2890-913. [PMID: 22069581 PMCID: PMC3153188 DOI: 10.3390/toxins2122890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The action of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) at the neuromuscular junction has been extensively investigated and knowledge gained in this field laid the foundation for the use of BoNTs in human pathologies characterized by excessive muscle contractions. Although much more is known about the action of BoNTs on the peripheral system, growing evidence has demonstrated several effects also at the central level. Pain conditions, with special regard to neuropathic and intractable pain, are some of the pathological states that have been recently treated with BoNTs with beneficial effects. The knowledge of the action and potentiality of BoNTs utilization against pain, with emphasis for its possible use in modulation and alleviation of chronic pain, still represents an outstanding challenge for experimental research. This review highlights recent findings on the effects of BoNTs in animal pain models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaminia Pavone
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience-Roma, via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, I-00143 Roma, Italy.
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43
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Choi E, Koo S. Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanolic extract of potato (Solanum tuberlosum). FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/09540100500064320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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44
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Bráz JM, Basbaum AI. Differential ATF3 expression in dorsal root ganglion neurons reveals the profile of primary afferents engaged by diverse noxious chemical stimuli. Pain 2010; 150:290-301. [PMID: 20605331 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Although transgenic and knockout mice have helped delineate the mechanisms of action of diverse noxious compounds, it is still difficult to determine unequivocally the subpopulations of primary afferent nociceptor that these molecules engage. As most noxious stimuli lead to tissue and/or nerve injury, here we used induction of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a reliable marker of nerve injury, to assess the populations of primary afferent fibers that are activated after peripheral administration of noxious chemical stimuli. In wild-type mice, hindpaw injections of capsaicin, formalin, mustard oil or menthol induce expression of ATF3 in distinct subpopulations of sensory neurons. Interestingly, even though these noxious chemicals are thought to act through subtypes of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, all compounds also induced ATF3 in neurons that appear not to express the expected TRP channel subtypes. On the other hand, capsaicin failed to induce ATF3 in mice lacking TRPV1, indicating that TRPV1 is required for both the direct and indirect induction of ATF3 in sensory neurons. By contrast, only low doses of formalin or mustard oil failed to induce ATF3 in TRPA1 null mice, indicating that injections of high doses (>0.5%) of formalin or mustard oil recruit both TRPA1- and non-TRPA1 expressing primary afferent fibers. Finally, peripheral injection of menthol, a TRPM8 receptor agonist, induced ATF3 in a wide variety of sensory neurons, but in a TRPM8-independent manner. We conclude that purportedly selective agonists can activate a heterogeneous population of sensory neurons, which ultimately could contribute to the behavioral responses evoked.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M Bráz
- Departments of Anatomy, Physiology and W.M. Keck Foundation Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Roussy G, Beaudry H, Lafrance M, Belleville K, Beaudet N, Wada K, Gendron L, Sarret P. Altered morphine-induced analgesia in neurotensin type 1 receptor null mice. Neuroscience 2010; 170:1286-94. [PMID: 20727387 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Both neurotensin (NT) and opioid agonists have been shown to induce antinociception in rodents after central administration. Besides, previous studies have revealed the existence of functional interactions between NT and opioid systems in the regulation of pain processing. We recently demonstrated that NTS1 receptors play a key role in the mediation of the analgesic effects of NT in long-lasting pain. In the present study, we therefore investigated whether NTS1 gene deletion affected the antinociceptive action of mu opioid drugs. To this end, pain behavioral responses to formalin were determined following systemic administration of morphine in both male and female NTS1 knockout mice. Acute injection of morphine (2 or 5 mg/kg) produced strong antinociceptive effects in both male and female wild-type littermates, with no significant sex differences. On the other hand, morphine analgesia was considerably reduced in NTS1-deficient mice of both sexes compared to their respective controls, indicating that the NTS1 receptor actively participates in mu opioid alleviating pain. By examining specifically the flinching, licking and biting nociceptive behaviors, we also showed that the functional crosstalk between NTS1 and mu opioid receptors influences the supraspinally-mediated behaviors. Interestingly, sexual dimorphic action of morphine-induced pain inhibition was found in NTS1 null mice in the formalin test, suggesting that the endogenous NT system interacts differently with the opioid network in male and female mice. Altogether, these results demonstrated that NTS1 receptor activation operates downstream to the opioidergic transmission and that NTS1-selective agonists combined with morphine may act synergistically to reduce persistent pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Roussy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, Adler T, Aguilar-Pimentel JA, Becker L, Calzada-Wack J, Da Silva-Buttkus P, Neff F, Götz A, Hans W, Hölter SM, Horsch M, Kastenmüller G, Kemter E, Lengger C, Maier H, Matloka M, Möller G, Naton B, Prehn C, Puk O, Rácz I, Rathkolb B, Römisch-Margl W, Rozman J, Wang-Sattler R, Schrewe A, Stöger C, Tost M, Adamski J, Aigner B, Beckers J, Behrendt H, Busch DH, Esposito I, Graw J, Illig T, Ivandic B, Klingenspor M, Klopstock T, Kremmer E, Mempel M, Neschen S, Ollert M, Schulz H, Suhre K, Wolf E, Wurst W, Zimmer A, Hrabě de Angelis M. Mouse phenotyping. Methods 2010; 53:120-35. [PMID: 20708688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Model organisms like the mouse are important tools to learn more about gene function in man. Within the last 20 years many mutant mouse lines have been generated by different methods such as ENU mutagenesis, constitutive and conditional knock-out approaches, knock-down, introduction of human genes, and knock-in techniques, thus creating models which mimic human conditions. Due to pleiotropic effects, one gene may have different functions in different organ systems or time points during development. Therefore mutant mouse lines have to be phenotyped comprehensively in a highly standardized manner to enable the detection of phenotypes which might otherwise remain hidden. The German Mouse Clinic (GMC) has been established at the Helmholtz Zentrum München as a phenotyping platform with open access to the scientific community (www.mousclinic.de; [1]). The GMC is a member of the EUMODIC consortium which created the European standard workflow EMPReSSslim for the systemic phenotyping of mouse models (http://www.eumodic.org/[2]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Fuchs
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 München/Neuherberg, Germany
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Summers PE, Iannetti GD, Porro CA. Functional exploration of the human spinal cord during voluntary movement and somatosensory stimulation. Magn Reson Imaging 2010; 28:1216-24. [PMID: 20573462 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Demonstrations of the possibility of obtaining functional information from the spinal cord in humans using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have been growing in number and sophistication, but the technique and the results that it provides are still perceived by the scientific community with a greater degree of scepticism than fMRI investigations of brain function. Here we review the literature on spinal fMRI in humans during voluntary movements and somatosensory stimulation. Particular attention is given to study design, acquisition and statistical analysis of the images, and to the agreement between the obtained results and existing knowledge regarding spinal cord anatomy and physiology. A striking weakness of many spinal fMRI studies is the use of small numbers of subjects and of time-points in the acquired functional image series. In addition, spinal fMRI is characterised by large physiological noise, while the recorded functional responses are poorly characterised. For all these reasons, spinal fMRI experiments risk having low statistical power, and few spinal fMRI studies have yielded physiologically relevant information. Thus, while available evidence indicates that spinal fMRI is feasible, we are only approaching the stage at which the technique can be considered to have been rigorously established as a viable means of noninvasively investigating spinal cord functioning in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Summers
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Univ. Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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Rivat C, Becker C, Blugeot A, Zeau B, Mauborgne A, Pohl M, Benoliel JJ. Chronic stress induces transient spinal neuroinflammation, triggering sensory hypersensitivity and long-lasting anxiety-induced hyperalgesia. Pain 2010; 150:358-368. [PMID: 20573451 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stressful events induce biochemical, physiological and psychological changes, resulting in stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders, such as anxiety or depression. Using repeated social defeat as a stressful event model, we show that this preclinical paradigm induces a transient increase in the expression of the genes encoding the pro-inflammatory molecules iNOS and COX-2. We provide the first demonstration that chronic stress affects spinal plasticity through a mechanism involving local neuroinflammation. The functional consequences of such neuroinflammation are associated with a transient decrease in the mechanical nociceptive threshold. Administration of the cholecystokinin(CCK)-2 receptor antagonist, CI-988, directly into the Rostral Ventromedial Medulla reverses the chronic stress-induced decrease in the nociceptive threshold. These data strongly suggest that chronic stress induces a spinal neuroinflammation associated with transient sensory hypersensitivity involving the activation of CCK-dependent nociceptive descending facilitatory pathways. Pharmacological data show that chronic social stress-induced long-lasting state of anxiety is not responsible for maintaining the spinal neuroinflammation and, therefore, for the associated sensory hypersensitivity. Conversely, an evaluation of pain-related behavior in the formalin model indicates that anxiety is directly related to prolonged hyperalgesia prevented by systemic benzodiazepine or CCK-2 receptor antagonist treatments. The present study highlights the adverse effects of chronic stress on spinal neuroinflammation triggering sensory hypersensitivity. Exploration of this phenomenon points out the divergence between pain sensitivity and anxiety-induced hyperalgesia, which is in agreement with clinical observations. Altogether, these data open up new perspectives for clinical research devoted to the evaluation and treatment of pain in anxio-depressive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Rivat
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMRS 975, PAIN team, Paris 75013, France INSERM, U 975, Paris 75013, France CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris 75013, France Biochimie Métabolique, Endocrinienne et Oncologique, Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, Site Pitié-Salpêtrière, 91, Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75634 Paris Cedex 13, France Université Paris Descartes, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris Cedex, France
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Genetic deletion of the adenosine A(2A) receptor in mice reduces the changes in spinal cord NMDA receptor binding and glucose uptake caused by a nociceptive stimulus. Neurosci Lett 2010; 479:297-301. [PMID: 20570711 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.05.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mice lacking the adenosine A(2A) receptor are less sensitive to nociceptive stimuli, and A(2A) receptor antagonists have antinociceptive effects. We have previously shown a marked reduction in the behavioural responses to formalin injection in A(2A) receptor knockout mice. This may be due to the presence of pronociceptive A(2A) receptors on sensory nerves, and if so spinal cords from A(2A) receptor knockout mice may have altered neurochemical responses to a nociceptive stimulus. We tested this hypothesis by studying two parameters known to change with spinal cord activity, NMDA glutamate receptor binding and [(14)C]-2-deoxyglucose uptake, following intraplantar formalin injection in wild-type and A(2A) receptor knockout mice. In naïve untreated A(2A) knockout mice [(14)C]-2-deoxyglucose uptake in all regions of the spinal cord was significantly lower compared to the wild-type, similar to the reduced NMDA receptor binding that we have previously observed. Following formalin treatment, there was an decrease in [(3)H]-MK801 binding to NMDA receptors and an increase in [(14)C]-2-deoxyglucose uptake in the spinal cords of wild-type mice, and these changes were significantly reduced in the A(2A) knockout mice. In addition to altered behavioural responses, there are therefore corresponding reductions in spinal cord neurochemical changes induced by formalin in mice lacking adenosine A(2A) receptors. These observations support the hypothesis that activation of A(2A) receptors enhances nociceptive input into the spinal cord and suggests a possible role for A(2A) antagonists as analgesics.
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