1
|
Inoue H, Toriyama K, Takahira N, Murakami S, Miyamoto H, Suzuki T, Shiraishi A. Association between Moraxella keratitis and advanced glycation end products. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8024. [PMID: 38580798 PMCID: PMC10997605 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58659-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is recognized as a major predisposing factor for Moraxella keratitis. However, how diabetes mellitus contributes to Moraxella keratitis remains unclear. In this study, we examined Moraxella keratitis; based on the findings, we investigated the impact of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) deposition in the cornea of individuals with diabetic mellitus on the adhesion of Moraxella isolates to the cornea. A retrospective analysis of 27 culture-proven cases of Moraxella keratitis at Ehime University Hospital (March 2006 to February 2022) was performed. Moraxella isolates were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Among the patients, 30.4% had diabetes mellitus and 22.2% had the predominant ocular condition of using steroid eye drops. The species identified were Moraxella nonliquefaciens in 59.3% and Moraxella lacunata in 40.7% of patients. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, we assessed the effects of M. nonliquefaciens adherence to simian virus 40-immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) with or without AGEs. The results demonstrated the number of M. nonliquefaciens adhering to HCECs was significantly increased by adding AGEs compared with that in controls (p < 0.01). Furthermore, in the corneas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice treated with or without pyridoxamine, an AGE inhibitor, the number of M. nonliquefaciens adhering to the corneas of diabetic mice was significantly reduced by pyridoxamine treatment (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the development of Moraxella keratitis may be significantly influenced by the deposition of AGEs on the corneal epithelium of patients with diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Inoue
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Koji Toriyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Naoko Takahira
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Shinobu Murakami
- Clinical Laboratory Division, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyamoto
- Clinical Laboratory Division, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, 6-11-1, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiraishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li N, Fan X, Liu L, Liu Y. Therapeutic effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles on ovarian functions through the PI3K/Akt cascade in mice with premature ovarian failure. Eur J Histochem 2023; 67:3506. [PMID: 37503653 PMCID: PMC10476539 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2023.3506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF) mainly refers to ovarian dysfunction in females younger than forty. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered an increasingly promising therapy for POF. This study intended to uncover the therapeutic effects of human umbilical cord MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (hucMSCEVs) on POF. hucMSCs were identified by observing morphology and examining differentiation capabilities. EVs were extracted from hucMSCs and later identified utilizing nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blotting. POF mouse models were established by injecting D-galactose (Dgal). The estrous cycles were assessed through vaginal cytology, and serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P) were measured by ELISA. The human ovarian granulosa cell line KGN was used for in vitro experiments. The uptake of hucMSC-EVs by KGN cells was detected. After D-gal treatment, cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed via CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. The PI3K/Akt pathway-related proteins were determined by Western blotting. Our results revealed that POF mice had prolonged estrous cycles, increased FSH and LH levels, and decreased AMH, E2, and P levels. Treatment with hucMSC-EVs partially counteracted the above changes. D-gal treatment reduced proliferation and raised apoptosis in KGN cells, while hucMSC-EV treatment annulled the changes. D-gal-treated cells exhibited downregulated p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt levels, while hucMSC-EVs activated the PI3K/Akt pathway. LY294002 suppressed the roles of hucMSC-EVs in promoting KGN cell proliferation and lowering apoptosis. Collectively, hucMSC-EVs facilitate proliferation and suppress apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway, thereby alleviating POF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Gynecological Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou.
| | - Xue Fan
- Department of Gynecological Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou.
| | - Lihong Liu
- Department of Gynecological Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou.
| | - Yanbing Liu
- Department of Gynecological Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Akhter F, Chen D, Akhter A, Sosunov AA, Chen A, McKhann GM, Yan SF, Yan SS. High Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products Impair Mitochondrial and Cognitive Function. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 76:165-178. [PMID: 32444539 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are an important risk factor for the development of cognitive decline in aging and late-onset neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. However, whether and how dietary AGEs exacerbate cognitive impairment and brain mitochondrial dysfunction in the aging process remains largely unknown. OBJECTIVE We investigated the direct effects of dietary AGEs on AGE adducts accumulation, mitochondrial function, and cognitive performance in mice. METHODS Mice were fed the AGE+ diet or AGE- diet. We examined levels of AGE adducts in serum and cerebral cortexes by immunodetection and immunohistochemistry, determined levels of reactive oxygen species by biochemical analysis, detected enzyme activity associated with mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I & IV and ATP levels, and assessed learning and memory ability by Morris Water Maze and nesting behavior. RESULTS Levels of AGE adducts (MG-H1 and CEL) were robustly increased in the serum and brain of AGE+ diet fed mice compared to the AGE- group. Furthermore, greatly elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, decreased activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I & IV, reduced ATP levels, and impaired learning and memory were evident in AGE+ diet fed mice compared to the AGE- group. CONCLUSION These results indicate that dietary AGEs are important sources of AGE accumulation in vivo, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction, impairment of energy metabolism, and subsequent cognitive impairment. Thus, reducing AGEs intake to lower accumulation of AGEs could hold therapeutic potential for the prevention and treatment of AGEs-induced mitochondrial dysfunction linked to cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Firoz Akhter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Doris Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Asma Akhter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander A Sosunov
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Guy M McKhann
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shi Fang Yan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery and Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shirley ShiDu Yan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Akhter F, Chen D, Akhter A, Yan SF, Yan SS. Age-dependent accumulation of dicarbonyls and advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) associates with mitochondrial stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 164:429-438. [PMID: 33359687 PMCID: PMC8552367 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a strong risk factor for brain dementia and cognitive decline. Age-related accumulation of metabolites such as advanced glycation end products (AGEs) could serve as danger signals to initiate and accelerate disease process and neurodegeneration. The underlying causes and consequences of cerebral AGEs accumulation remain largely unknown. Here, we comprehensively investigate age-related accumulation of AGEs and dicarbonyls, including methylglyoxal (MG), glyoxal (GO), and 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), and the effects of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) on cerebral AGEs accumulation, mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress in the aging human and mouse brain. We demonstrate that AGEs, including arginine and lysine derived N(6)-carboxymethyl lysine (CML), Nε-(1-Carboxyethyl)-l-lysine (CEL), and methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone-1 (MG-H1), were significantly elevated in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus with advanced age in mice. Accordingly, aging mouse and human brains revealed decrease in activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I & IV and ATP levels, and increased ROS. Notably, administration of mitoTEMPO (2-(2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-4-ylamino)-2-oxoethyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride (mTEMPO), a scavenger of mitochondrial ROS, not only suppressed ROS production but also reduced aged-induced accumulation of AGEs and dicarbonyls. mTEMPO treatment improved mitochondrial respiratory function and restored ATP levels. Our findings provide evidence linking age-related accumulation of toxic metabolites (AGEs) to mitochondrial oxidative stress. This highlights a novel mechanism by which AGEs-dependent signaling promotes carbonyl stress and sustained mitochondrial dysfunction. Eliminating formation and accumulation of AGEs may represent a new therapeutic avenue for combating cognitive decline and mitochondrial degeneration relevant to aging and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Firoz Akhter
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Doris Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Higuchi Bioscience Center, University of Kansas, KS66047, USA
| | - Asma Akhter
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Shi Fang Yan
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Shirley ShiDu Yan
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Columbia University New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liang X, Yan Z, Ma W, Qian Y, Zou X, Cui Y, Liu J, Meng Y. Peroxiredoxin 4 protects against ovarian ageing by ameliorating D-galactose-induced oxidative damage in mice. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1053. [PMID: 33311472 PMCID: PMC7732846 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03253-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 4 (Prdx4), a member of the Prdx family, is a vital ER-resident antioxidant in cells. As revealed in our previous study, Prdx4 expression was detected in ovarian granulosa cells and was closely related to ovarian function. This research aimed to explore the effect and underlying molecular mechanism of the protective role of Prdx4 against D-gal-induced ovarian ageing in mice. The D-gal-induced ovarian ageing model has been extensively used to study the mechanisms of premature ovarian failure (POF). In this study, adult Prdx4-/- and wild-type mice were intraperitoneally injected with D-gal (150 mg/kg/day) daily for 6 weeks. Ovarian function, granulosa cell apoptosis, oxidative damage and ER stress in the ovaries were evaluated in the two groups. Ovarian weight was significantly lower, the HPO axis was more strongly disrupted, and the numbers of atretic follicles and apoptotic granulosa cells were obviously higher in Prdx4-/- mice. In addition, Prdx4-/- mice showed increased expression of oxidative damage-related factors and the ovarian senescence-related protein P16. Moreover, the levels of the proapoptotic factors CHOP and activated caspase-12 protein, which are involved in the ER stress pathway, and the level of the apoptosis-related BAX protein were elevated in the ovaries of Prdx4-/- mice. Thus, D-gal-induced ovarian ageing is accelerated in Prdx4-/- mice due to granulosa cell apoptosis via oxidative damage and ER stress-related pathways, suggesting that Prdx4 is a protective agent against POF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuru Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhengjie Yan
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weiwei Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Qian
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaofei Zou
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yugui Cui
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiayin Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Meng
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Center for Clinical Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tabara Y, Yamanaka M, Setoh K, Segawa H, Kawaguchi T, Kosugi S, Nakayama T, Matsuda F. Advanced Glycation End Product Accumulation is Associated with Lower Cognitive Performance in an Older General Population: The Nagahama Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 74:741-746. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Kazuya Setoh
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Takahisa Kawaguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Kosugi
- Department of Medical Ethics and Medical Genetics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Sakyo-ku Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeo Nakayama
- Department of Health Informatics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Sakyo-ku Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku Kyoto, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ng J, Kaur H, Collier T, Chang K, Brooks AES, Allison JR, Brimble MA, Hickey A, Birch NP. Site-specific glycation of Aβ1-42 affects fibril formation and is neurotoxic. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8806-8818. [PMID: 30996005 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aβ1-42 is involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis and is prone to glycation, an irreversible process where proteins accumulate advanced glycated end products (AGEs). N ϵ-(Carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL) is a common AGE associated with AD patients and occurs at either Lys-16 or Lys-28 of Aβ1-42. Methyglyoxal is commonly used for the unspecific glycation of Aβ1-42, which results in a complex mixture of AGE-modified peptides and makes interpretation of a causative AGE at a specific amino acid residue difficult. We address this issue by chemically synthesizing defined CEL modifications on Aβ1-42 at Lys-16 (Aβ-CEL16), Lys-28 (Aβ-CEL28), and Lys-16 and -28 (Aβ-CEL16&28). We demonstrated that double-CEL glycations at Lys-16 and Lys-28 of Aβ1-42 had the most profound impact on the ability to form amyloid fibrils. In silico predictions indicated that Aβ-CEL16&28 had a substantial decrease in free energy change, which contributes to fibril destabilization, and a increased aggregation rate. Single-CEL glycations at Lys-28 of Aβ1-42 had the least impact on fibril formation, whereas CEL glycations at Lys-16 of Aβ1-42 delayed fibril formation. We also tested these peptides for neuronal toxicity and mitochondrial function on a retinoic acid-differentiated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line (RA-differentiated SH-SY5Y). Only Aβ-CEL16 and Aβ-CEL28 were neurotoxic, possibly through a nonmitochondrial pathway, whereas Aβ-CEL16&28 showed no neurotoxicity. Interestingly, Aβ-CEL16&28 had depolarized the mitochondrial membrane potential, whereas Aβ-CEL16 had increased mitochondrial respiration at complex II. These results may indicate mitophagy or an alternate route of metabolism, respectively. Therefore, our results provides insight into potential therapeutic approaches against neurotoxic CEL-glycated Aβ1-42.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ng
- From the School of Biological Sciences, .,the Brain Research New Zealand Rangahau Roro Aotearoa and Centre for Brain Research, Auckland 1010, and
| | - Harveen Kaur
- From the School of Biological Sciences.,School of Chemical Sciences, and
| | - Thomas Collier
- the Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Auckland 0632.,the Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Kevin Chang
- the Statistical Consulting Centre, Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010
| | - Anna E S Brooks
- From the School of Biological Sciences.,the Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Jane R Allison
- From the School of Biological Sciences.,the Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- From the School of Biological Sciences.,the Brain Research New Zealand Rangahau Roro Aotearoa and Centre for Brain Research, Auckland 1010, and.,School of Chemical Sciences, and.,the Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | | | - Nigel P Birch
- From the School of Biological Sciences.,the Brain Research New Zealand Rangahau Roro Aotearoa and Centre for Brain Research, Auckland 1010, and
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Q, Lu H, Hu G, Ye Z, Zhai D, Yan Z, Wang L, Xiang A, Lu Z. Earlier changes in mice after D-galactose treatment were improved by mitochondria derived small peptide MOTS-c. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:439-445. [PMID: 30967270 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MOTS-c, as a mitochondria derived peptide, exerts benefits for insulin resistance in HFD mice and against various stresses in an AMPK dependent way. Here, in the D-galactose chronic injection models, exogenous MOTS-c was given to determine its direct anti-aging effects. The body weight, insulin sensitivity and blood glucose were determined with mild differences. Tissue morphology analyses disclosed that liver, visceral fat and dermal skin, all displayed aberrant lipid depositions in the D-galactose mice. MOTS-c treatment largely alleviated the lipid accumulations, corresponding with positive changes in mitochondria dynamics, observed in liver transmission electron microscopy and in altered mRNA levels of Drp1 and mitofusins. Notably, the aging phenotypes of small intestine tract were more obvious, including histological defects and lower Ki67 levels, plus with the higher levels of DNA stress, such as P21 and P16, as well as mitochondria dynamics. Collectively, these data provided the direct evidence to support that exogenous givings of MOTS-c prevented abnormal fat accumulations in D-gal mice, putatively via improvement of mitochondria dynamic related pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Huanyu Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Guangyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Zichen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Dongsheng Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Zhao Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - An Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Zifan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sugawa H, Matsuda S, Shirakawa JI, Kabata K, Nagai R. Preventive Effects of <i>Aphanothece sacrum</i> on Diabetic Cataracts. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2019; 139:381-384. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.18-00177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Sugawa
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University
| | - Shiori Matsuda
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Tokai University
| | - Jun-ichi Shirakawa
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Department of Bioscience, School of Agriculture, Tokai University
| | - Kiyotaka Kabata
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Tokai University
| | - Ryoji Nagai
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yan Z, Dai Y, Fu H, Zheng Y, Bao D, Yin Y, Chen Q, Nie X, Hao Q, Hou D, Cui Y. Curcumin exerts a protective effect against premature ovarian failure in mice. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 60:261-271. [PMID: 29437881 PMCID: PMC5863768 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of curcumin against d-galactose (d-gal)-induced premature ovarian failure (POF) in mice. A mouse POF model was induced by subcutaneous injection of d-gal (200 mg/kg/day) daily for 42 days. Mice in the curcumin group received both d-gal treatment and intraperitoneal injection of curcumin (100 mg/kg/day) for 42 days. Ovarian function, oxidative stress and apoptosis were evaluated. The P, E2 and SOD levels were higher, and the FSH, LH and MDA levels were significantly lower in the curcumin group than those in the d-gal group. The proportion of primordial follicles was also significantly higher in the curcumin group than that in the d-gal group. In addition, curcumin treatment after d-gal administration resulted in significantly lower Sod2, Cat, 8-OhdG, 4-HNE, NTY and senescence-associated protein P16 expression levels, higher Amh expression levels and less apoptosis in granulosa cells than was observed in the d-gal group. Moreover, the p-Akt, Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expression levels were significantly higher and the apoptosis-related cleaved caspase-3 and -9 protein expression levels were markedly lower in the curcumin group than in the d-gal group. In conclusion, curcumin effectively inhibited d-gal-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and ovarian injury via a mechanism involving the Nrf2/HO-1 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, suggesting that curcumin is a potential protective agent against POF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Yan
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyYangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineCenter of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Youjin Dai
- Key Laboratory of the Model Animal ResearchAnimal Core Facility of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Heling Fu
- Key Laboratory of the Model Animal ResearchAnimal Core Facility of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Model Animal ResearchAnimal Core Facility of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Bao
- Key Laboratory of the Model Animal ResearchAnimal Core Facility of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yin
- Key Laboratory of the Model Animal ResearchAnimal Core Facility of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Model Animal ResearchAnimal Core Facility of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Nie
- Department of Reproductive MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingting Hao
- Key Laboratory of the Model Animal ResearchAnimal Core Facility of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Daorong Hou
- Key Laboratory of the Model Animal ResearchAnimal Core Facility of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yugui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineCenter of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Age dependent accumulation patterns of advanced glycation end product receptor (RAGE) ligands and binding intensities between RAGE and its ligands differ in the liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2017; 14:12. [PMID: 28592983 PMCID: PMC5460364 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-017-0095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Much evidence indicates receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) related inflammation play essential roles during aging. However, the majority of studies have focused on advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and not on other RAGE ligands. In the present study, the authors evaluated whether the accumulation of RAGE ligands and binding intensities between RAGE and its ligands differ in kidney, liver, and skeletal muscle during aging. Results In C57BL/6 N mice aged 12 weeks, 12 months, and 22 months, ligands accumulation, binding intensities between RAGE and its ligands, activated macrophage infiltration, M1/M2 macrophage expression, glyoxalase-1expression, and signal pathways related to inflammation were evaluated. The RAGE ligands age-associated accumulation patterns were found to be organ dependent. Binding intensities between RAGE and its ligands in kidney and liver increased with age, but those in skeletal muscle were unchanged. Infiltration of activated macrophages in kidney and liver increased with age, but infiltration in the skeletal muscle was unchanged. M1 expression increased and M2 and glyoxalase-1 expression decreased with age in kidney and liver, but their expressions in skeletal muscle were not changed. Conclusion These findings indicate patterns of RAGE ligands accumulation, RAGE/ligands binding intensities, or inflammation markers changes during aging are organs dependent. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12979-017-0095-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
12
|
Similarities and interactions between the ageing process and high chronic intake of added sugars. Nutr Res Rev 2017; 30:191-207. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954422417000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn our societies, the proportions of elderly people and of obese individuals are increasing. Both factors are associated with high health-related costs. During obesity, many authors suggest that it is a high chronic intake of added sugars (HCIAS) that triggers the shift towards pathology. However, the majority of studies were performed in young subjects and only a few were interested in the interaction with the ageing process. Our purpose was to discuss the metabolic effects of HCIAS, compare with the effects of ageing, and evaluate how deleterious the combined action of HCIAS and ageing could be. This effect of HCIAS seems mediated by fructose, targeting the liver first, which may lead to all subsequent metabolic alterations. The first basic alterations induced by fructose are increased oxidative stress, protein glycation, inflammation, dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance. These alterations are also present during the ageing process, and are closely related to each other, one leading to the other. These basic alterations are also involved in more complex syndromes, which are also favoured by HCIAS, and present during ageing. These include non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, neurodegenerative diseases, sarcopenia and osteoporosis. Cumulative effects of ageing and HCIAS have been seldom tested and may not always be strictly additive. Data also suggest that some of the metabolic alterations that are more prevalent during ageing could be related more with nutritional habits than to intrinsic ageing. In conclusion, it is clear that HCIAS interacts with the ageing process, accelerates the accumulation of metabolic alterations, and that it should be avoided.
Collapse
|
13
|
Sugawa H, Ohno RI, Shirakawa JI, Nakajima A, Kanagawa A, Hirata T, Ikeda T, Moroishi N, Nagai M, Nagai R. Eucommia ulmoides extracts prevent the formation of advanced glycation end products. Food Funct 2016; 7:2566-73. [PMID: 27080730 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01563d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteins non-enzymatically react with reducing sugars to form advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), resulting in the induction of protein denaturation. Because the levels of AGE increase with age and are elevated in age-related diseases, such as diabetes and atherosclerosis, the intake of compound(s) that inhibit the formation of AGEs by daily meal may represent a potential strategy for preventing age-related diseases. In this study, we measured the inhibitory effects of several Eucommia ulmoides extracts on the formation of AGEs, N(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) and N(ω)-(carboxymethyl)arginine (CMA). Although a crude extract obtained from E. ulmoides bark is widely used as herbal medicine, E. ulmoides leaf extract (ELE) inhibited CML and CMA formation more effectively during the incubation of gelatin with ribose. Therefore, the inhibitory effects of compounds present in ELE on CML and CMA formation were studied. As a result, isoquercetin showed the strongest inhibitory effect of all the tested ELE components. These results indicate that the oral intake of ELE may inhibit the formation of AGEs, thereby ameliorating age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Sugawa
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Department of Bioscience, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Advanced Glycation End Products Induce Obesity and Hepatosteatosis in CD-1 Wild-Type Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:7867852. [PMID: 26942201 PMCID: PMC4753052 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7867852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AGEs are a heterogeneous group of molecules formed from the nonenzymatic reaction of reducing sugars with free amino groups of proteins, lipids, and/or nucleic acids. AGEs have been shown to play a role in various conditions including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. In this study, we hypothesized that AGEs play a role in the “multiple hit hypothesis” of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and contribute to the pathogenesis of hepatosteatosis. We measured the effects of various mouse chows containing high or low AGE in the presence of high or low fat content on mouse weight and epididymal fat pads. We also measured the effects of these chows on the inflammatory response by measuring cytokine levels and myeloperoxidase activity levels on liver supernatants. We observed significant differences in weight gain and epididymal fat pad weights in the high AGE-high fat (HAGE-HF) versus the other groups. Leptin, TNF-α, IL-6, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were significantly higher in the HAGE-HF group. We conclude that a diet containing high AGEs in the presence of high fat induces weight gain and hepatosteatosis in CD-1 mice. This may represent a model to study the role of AGEs in the pathogenesis of hepatosteatosis and steatohepatitis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ojo JO, Rezaie P, Gabbott PL, Stewart MG. Impact of age-related neuroglial cell responses on hippocampal deterioration. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:57. [PMID: 25972808 PMCID: PMC4413780 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is one of the greatest risk factors for the development of sporadic age-related neurodegenerative diseases and neuroinflammation is a common feature of this disease phenotype. In the immunoprivileged brain, neuroglial cells, which mediate neuroinflammatory responses, are influenced by the physiological factors in the microenvironment of the central nervous system (CNS). These physiological factors include but are not limited to cell-to-cell communication involving cell adhesion molecules, neuronal electrical activity and neurotransmitter and neuromodulator action. However, despite this dynamic control of neuroglial activity, in the healthy aged brain there is an alteration in the underlying neuroinflammatory response notably seen in the hippocampus, typified by astrocyte/microglia activation and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production and signaling. These changes may occur without any overt concurrent pathology, however, they typically correlate with deteriorations in hippocamapal or cognitive function. In this review we examine two important phenomenons, firstly the relationship between age-related brain deterioration (focusing on hippocampal function) and underlying neuroglial response(s), and secondly how the latter affects molecular and cellular processes within the hippocampus that makes it vulnerable to age-related cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph O. Ojo
- Department of Life Sciences, The Open UniversityWalton Hall, UK
- Department of Neuropathology, Roskamp InstituteSarasota, FL, USA
| | - Payam Rezaie
- Department of Life Sciences, The Open UniversityWalton Hall, UK
| | - Paul L. Gabbott
- Department of Life Sciences, The Open UniversityWalton Hall, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ohno RI, Moroishi N, Sugawa H, Maejima K, Saigusa M, Yamanaka M, Nagai M, Yoshimura M, Amakura Y, Nagai R. Mangosteen pericarp extract inhibits the formation of pentosidine and ameliorates skin elasticity. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2015; 57:27-32. [PMID: 26236097 PMCID: PMC4512896 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) by daily meals is believed to become an effective prevention for lifestyle-related diseases. In the present study, the inhibitory effect of hot water extracts of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) pericarp (WEM) on the formation of pentosidine, one of AGEs, in vitro and in vivo and the remedial effect on skin conditions were measured. WEM significantly inhibited pentosidine formation during gelatin incubation with ribose. Several compounds purified from WEM, such as garcimangosone D and rhodanthenone B, were identified as inhibitors of pentosidine formation. Oral administration of WEM at 100 mg/day to volunteer subjects for 3 months reduced the serum pentosidine contents. Because obtaining skin biopsies from healthy volunteers is ethically difficult, AGE accumulation in the skin was estimated by a fluorescence detector. The oral administration of WEM significantly reduced the skin autofluorescence intensity, demonstrating that WEM also reduced AGE accumulation in the skin. Furthermore, the elasticity and moisture content of the skin was also improved by WEM. These results demonstrate that intakes of WEM reduces the glycation stress and results in the improvement of skin conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rei-Ichi Ohno
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan
| | - Narumi Moroishi
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan
| | - Hikari Sugawa
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Maejima
- Food Development Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., 14 Nishinosho-monguchi-cho, Kisshoin, Minami-ku, Kyoto 601-8550, Japan
| | - Musashi Saigusa
- Food Development Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., 14 Nishinosho-monguchi-cho, Kisshoin, Minami-ku, Kyoto 601-8550, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan ; Engineering Department 2, Product Development Center, New Business Development Division, SHARP Corporation, 2613-1 Ichinomoto-cho, Tenri, Nara 632-8567, Japan
| | - Mime Nagai
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan
| | - Morio Yoshimura
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama-shi, Ehime 790-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Amakura
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama-shi, Ehime 790-8578, Japan
| | - Ryoji Nagai
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang H, Wang Y, Yan S, Du F, Wu L, Yan S, Yan SS. Genetic deficiency of neuronal RAGE protects against AGE-induced synaptic injury. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1288. [PMID: 24922072 PMCID: PMC4611721 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic dysfunction and degeneration is an early pathological feature of aging and age-related diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aging is associated with increased generation and deposition of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), resulting from nonenzymatic glycation (or oxidation) proteins and lipids. AGE formation is accelerated in diabetes and AD-affected brain, contributing to cellular perturbation. The extent of AGEs' involvement, if at all, in alterations in synaptic structure and function is currently unknown. Here we analyze the contribution of neuronal receptor of AGEs (RAGE) signaling to AGE-mediated synaptic injury using novel transgenic neuronal RAGE knockout mice specifically targeted to the forebrain and transgenic mice expressing neuronal dominant-negative RAGE (DN-RAGE). Addition of AGEs to brain slices impaired hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). Similarly, treatment of hippocampal neurons with AGEs significantly decreases synaptic density. Such detrimental effects are largely reversed by genetic RAGE depletion. Notably, brain slices from mice with neuronal RAGE deficiency or DN-RAGE are resistant to AGE-induced LTP deficit. Further, RAGE deficiency or DN-RAGE blocks AGE-induced activation of p38 signaling. Taken together, these data show that neuronal RAGE functions as a signal transducer for AGE-induced synaptic dysfunction, thereby providing new insights into a mechanism by which the AGEs–RAGE-dependent signaling cascade contributes to synaptic injury via the p38 MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. Thus, RAGE blockade may be a target for development of interventions aimed at preventing the progression of cognitive decline in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongju Zhang
- 1] Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA [2] School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yongfu Wang
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Shijun Yan
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Fang Du
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Long Wu
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Shiqiang Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Shirley S Yan
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kulkarni MJ, Korwar AM, Mary S, Bhonsle HS, Giri AP. Glycated proteome: from reaction to intervention. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014. [PMID: 23184864 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201200101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycation, a nonenzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and proteins, is a proteome wide phenomenon, predominantly observed in diabetes due to hyperglycemia. Glycated proteome of plasma, kidney, lens, and brain are implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including diabetic complications, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and aging. This review discusses the strategies to characterize protein glycation, its functional implications in different diseases, and intervention strategies to protect the deleterious effects of protein glycation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh J Kulkarni
- Proteomics Facility, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nedić O, Rattan SIS, Grune T, Trougakos IP. Molecular effects of advanced glycation end products on cell signalling pathways, ageing and pathophysiology. Free Radic Res 2013; 47 Suppl 1:28-38. [PMID: 23692178 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.806798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are a heterogeneous group of compounds formed by the Maillard chemical process of non- enzymatic glycation of free amino groups of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. This chemical modification of biomolecules is triggered by endogeneous hyperglycaemic or oxidative stress-related processes. Additionally, AGEs can derive from exogenous, mostly diet-related, sources. Considering that AGE accumulation in tissues correlates with ageing and is a hallmark in several age-related diseases it is not surprising that the role of AGEs in ageing and pathology has become increasingly evident. The receptor for AGEs (RAGE) is a single transmembrane protein being expressed in a wide variety of human cells. RAGE binds a broad repertoire of extracellular ligands and mediates responses to stress conditions by activating multiple signal transduction pathways being mostly responsible for acute and/or chronic inflammation. RAGE activation has been implicated in ageing as well as in a number of age-related diseases, including atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration, arthritis, stoke, diabetes and cancer. Here we present a synopsis of findings that relate to AGEs-reported implication in cell signalling pathways and ageing, as well as in pathology. Potential implications and opportunities for translational research and the development of new therapies are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Nedić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bondeva T, Heinzig J, Ruhe C, Wolf G. Advanced glycated end-products affect HIF-transcriptional activity in renal cells. Mol Endocrinol 2013; 27:1918-33. [PMID: 24030251 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycated end-products (AGEs) are ligands of the receptor for AGEs and increase in diabetic disease. MAPK organizer 1 (Morg1) via its binding partner prolyl-hydroxylase domain (PHD)-3 presumably plays a role in the regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-2α transcriptional activation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of AGEs on Morg1 expression and its correlation to PHD3 activity and HIF-transcriptional activity in various renal cell types. The addition of glycated BSA (AGE-BSA) significantly up-regulated Morg1 mRNA levels in murine mesangial cells and down-regulated it in murine proximal tubular cells and differentiated podocytes. These effects were reversible when the cells were preincubated with a receptor for α-AGE antibody. AGE-BSA treatment induced a relocalization of the Morg1 cellular distribution compared with nonglycated control-BSA. Analysis of PHD3 activity demonstrated an elevated PHD3 enzymatic activity in murine mesangial cells but an inhibition in murine proximal tubular cells and podocytes after the addition of AGE-BSA. HIF-transcriptional activity was also affected by AGE-BSA treatment. Reporter gene assays and EMSAs showed that AGEs regulate HIF- transcriptional activity under nonhypoxic conditions in a cell type-specific manner. In proximal tubular cells, AGE-BSA stimulation elevated mainly HIF-1α transcriptional activity and to a lesser extent HIF-2α. We also detected an increased expression of the HIF-1α and the HIF-2α proteins in kidneys from Morg1 heterozygous (HZ) placebo mice compared with the Morg1 wild-type (WT) placebo-treated mice, and the HIF-1α protein expression in the Morg1 HZ streptozotocin-treated mice was significantly higher than the WT streptozotocin-treated mice. Analysis of isolated mesangial cells from Morg1 HZ (±) and WT mice showed an inhibited PHD3 activity and an increased HIF-transcriptional activity in cells with only one Morg1 allele. These findings are important for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzvetanka Bondeva
- MD, MHBA, Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Erlanger-Allee 101, D-07740 Jena, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Holik AK, Rohm B, Somoza MM, Somoza V. N(ε)-Carboxymethyllysine (CML), a Maillard reaction product, stimulates serotonin release and activates the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in SH-SY5Y cells. Food Funct 2013; 4:1111-20. [PMID: 23759926 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60097a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Maillard reaction products, which are formed in highly thermally treated foods, are commonly consumed in a Western diet. In this study, we investigated the impact of N(ε)-carboxymethyllysine (CML), a well-characterized product of the Maillard reaction, on the gene regulation of the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Pathway analysis of data generated from customized DNA microarrays revealed 3 h incubation with 50 μM and 500 μM CML to affect serotonin receptor expression. Further experiments employing qRT-PCR showed an up-regulation of serotonin receptors 2A, 1A and 1B after 0.25 h and 3 h. In addition, 500 μM CML increased serotonin release, thus showing effects of CML not only at a genetic, but also at a functional level. Intracellular calcium mobilization, which mediates serotonin release, was increased by CML at concentrations of 0.05-500 μM. Since calcium mobilization has been linked to the activation of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), we further investigated the effects of CML on RAGE expression. RAGE was found to be up-regulated after incubation with 500 μM CML for 0.25 h. Co-incubation with the calcium blocker neomycin for 0.25 h blocked the up-regulation of RAGE and the serotonin receptors 2A, 1A and 1B. These results indicate a possible link between a CML-induced calcium-mediated serotonin release and RAGE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Holik
- Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
C Zapico S, Ubelaker DH. Applications of physiological bases of ageing to forensic sciences. Estimation of age-at-death. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:605-17. [PMID: 23454111 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Age-at-death estimation is one of the main challenges in forensic sciences since it contributes to the identification of individuals. There are many anthropological techniques to estimate the age at death in children and adults. However, in adults this methodology is less accurate and requires population specific references. For that reason, new methodologies have been developed. Biochemical methods are based on the natural process of ageing, which induces different biochemical changes that lead to alterations in cells and tissues. In this review, we describe different attempts to estimate the age in adults based on these changes. Chemical approaches imply modifications in molecules or accumulation of some products. Molecular biology approaches analyze the modifications in DNA and chromosomes. Although the most accurate technique appears to be aspartic acid racemization, it is important to take into account the other techniques because the forensic context and the human remains available will determine the possibility to apply one or another methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Zapico
- Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, MRC 112, Department of Anthropology, 10th and Constitution Ave, NW, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, United States.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li XH, Lv BL, Xie JZ, Liu J, Zhou XW, Wang JZ. AGEs induce Alzheimer-like tau pathology and memory deficit via RAGE-mediated GSK-3 activation. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33:1400-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
24
|
Patel R, Baker SS, Liu W, Desai S, Alkhouri R, Kozielski R, Mastrandrea L, Sarfraz A, Cai W, Vlassara H, Patel MS, Baker RD, Zhu L. Effect of dietary advanced glycation end products on mouse liver. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35143. [PMID: 22496902 PMCID: PMC3319631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The exact pathophysiology of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is not known. Previous studies suggest that dietary advanced glycation end products (AGEs) can cause oxidative stress in liver. We aim to study the effects of dietary AGEs on liver health and their possible role in the pathogenesis of NASH. METHODS Two groups of mice were fed the same diet except the AGE content varied. One group was fed a high AGE diet and the second group was fed a regular AGE diet. Liver histology, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, insulin resistance and glucose tolerance were assessed. RESULTS Histology revealed that neutrophil infiltration occurred in the livers of the high AGE group at week 26; steatosis did not accompany liver inflammation. At week 39 livers from both groups exhibited macro- or micro-steatosis, yet no inflammation was detected. Higher insulin levels were detected in the regular AGE group at week 26 (P = 0.034), compared to the high AGE group. At week 39, the regular AGE group showed higher levels of alanine aminotransferase (P<0.01) and aspartate aminotransferase (P = 0.02) than those of the high AGE group. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that a high AGE diet can cause liver inflammation in the absence of steatosis. Our results show that dietary AGEs could play a role in initiating liver inflammation contributing to the disease progression of NASH. Our observation that the inflammation caused by high AGE alone did not persist suggests interesting future directions to investigate how AGEs contribute to pro-oxidative and anti-oxidative pathways in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raza Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center, State University of New York, Women and Children’s Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Susan S. Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center, State University of New York, Women and Children’s Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SSB); (LZ)
| | - Wensheng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center, State University of New York, Women and Children’s Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Sonal Desai
- Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center, State University of New York, Women and Children’s Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Razan Alkhouri
- Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center, State University of New York, Women and Children’s Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Rafal Kozielski
- Department of Pathology, State University of New York, Women and Children’s Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Lucy Mastrandrea
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York, Women and Children’s Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Adil Sarfraz
- Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center, State University of New York, Women and Children’s Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Weijing Cai
- Division of Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Helen Vlassara
- Division of Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mulchand S. Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert D. Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center, State University of New York, Women and Children’s Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Lixin Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center, State University of New York, Women and Children’s Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SSB); (LZ)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Duarte AI, Moreira PI, Oliveira CR. Insulin in central nervous system: more than just a peripheral hormone. J Aging Res 2012; 2012:384017. [PMID: 22500228 PMCID: PMC3303591 DOI: 10.1155/2012/384017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin signaling in central nervous system (CNS) has emerged as a novel field of research since decreased brain insulin levels and/or signaling were associated to impaired learning, memory, and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, besides its well-known role in longevity, insulin may constitute a promising therapy against diabetes- and age-related neurodegenerative disorders. More interestingly, insulin has been also faced as the potential missing link between diabetes and aging in CNS, with Alzheimer's disease (AD) considered as the "brain-type diabetes." In fact, brain insulin has been shown to regulate both peripheral and central glucose metabolism, neurotransmission, learning, and memory and to be neuroprotective. And a future challenge will be to unravel the complex interactions between aging and diabetes, which, we believe, will allow the development of efficient preventive and therapeutic strategies to overcome age-related diseases and to prolong human "healthy" longevity. Herewith, we aim to integrate the metabolic, neuromodulatory, and neuroprotective roles of insulin in two age-related pathologies: diabetes and AD, both in terms of intracellular signaling and potential therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana I. Duarte
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula I. Moreira
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina R. Oliveira
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fujiwara Y, Kiyota N, Tsurushima K, Yoshitomi M, Mera K, Sakashita N, Takeya M, Ikeda T, Araki T, Nohara T, Nagai R. Natural compounds containing a catechol group enhance the formation of Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine of the Maillard reaction. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:883-91. [PMID: 21195168 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of advanced glycation end-product (AGE) formation is a potential strategy for the prevention of clinical diabetes complications. Screening for new AGE inhibitors revealed several natural compounds that inhibited the formation of N(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), a major antigenic AGE structure, whereas natural compounds containing a catechol group, such as gallic acid and epicatechin, significantly enhanced CML formation. A similar enhancing effect was also observed by culturing THP-1 macrophages in the presence of catechol compounds. Although 4-methylcatechol significantly enhanced CML formation from glycated HSA (gHSA), a model for Amadori proteins, analogues of catechol such as 5-methylresorcinol and methylhydroquinone showed no enhancing effect. Even though 1mM 4-methylcatechol, epicatechin, and gallic acid significantly enhanced CML formation from gHSA, it was significantly inhibited by decreasing their concentration. The enhancing effect of 1mM catechol compounds was inhibited in the presence of the glutathione peroxidase system, thus demonstrating that hydrogen peroxide generated from catechol compounds plays an important role in the enhancement of CML formation. Furthermore, administration of 500mg/kg/day epicatechin to STZ-induced diabetic mice for 45days enhanced CML accumulation at the surface area of gastric epithelial cells in the stomach. This study provides the first evidence that high amounts of catechol-containing structures enhance oxidative stress, thus leading to enhanced CML formation, and this phenomenon may explain the paradoxical effect that some flavonoids have on redox status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Fujiwara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Grimm S, Ernst L, Grötzinger N, Höhn A, Breusing N, Reinheckel T, Grune T. Cathepsin D is one of the major enzymes involved in intracellular degradation of AGE-modified proteins. Free Radic Res 2011; 44:1013-26. [PMID: 20560835 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.495127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidized and cross-linked modified proteins are known to accumulate in ageing. Little is known about whether the accumulation of proteins modified by advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is due to an affected intracellular degradation. Therefore, this study was designed to determine whether the intracellular enzymes cathepsin B, cathepsin D and the 20S proteasome are able to degrade AGE-modified proteins in vitro. It shows that AGE-modified albumin is degraded by cathepsin D, while cathepsin B was less effective in the degradation of aldehyde-modified albumin and the 20S proteasome was completely unable to degrade them. Mouse primary embryonic fibroblasts isolated from a cathepsin D knockout animals were found to have an extensive intracellular AGE-accumulation, mainly in lysosomes, and a reduction of AGE-modified protein degradation compared to cells isolated from wild type animals. In summary, it can be assumed that cathepsin D plays a significant role in the removal of AGE-modified proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Grimm
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nω-(carboxymethyl)arginine Accumulates in Glycated Collagen and Klotho-deficient Mouse Skin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3793/jaam.8.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
29
|
Semba RD, Nicklett EJ, Ferrucci L. Does accumulation of advanced glycation end products contribute to the aging phenotype? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2010; 65:963-75. [PMID: 20478906 PMCID: PMC2920582 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glq074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is a complex multifactorial process characterized by accumulation of deleterious changes in cells and tissues, progressive deterioration of structural integrity and physiological function across multiple organ systems, and increased risk of death. METHODS We conducted a review of the scientific literature on the relationship of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with aging. AGEs are a heterogeneous group of bioactive molecules that are formed by the nonenzymatic glycation of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. RESULTS Humans are exposed to AGEs produced in the body, especially in individuals with abnormal glucose metabolism, and AGEs ingested in foods. AGEs cause widespread damage to tissues through upregulation of inflammation and cross-linking of collagen and other proteins. AGEs have been shown to adversely affect virtually all cells, tissues, and organ systems. Recent epidemiological studies demonstrate that elevated circulating AGEs are associated with increased risk of developing many chronic diseases that disproportionally affect older individuals. CONCLUSIONS Based on these data, we propose that accumulation of AGEs accelerate the multisystem functional decline that occurs with aging, and therefore contribute to the aging phenotype. Exposure to AGEs can be reduced by restriction of dietary intake of AGEs and drug treatment with AGE inhibitors and AGE breakers. Modification of intake and circulating levels of AGEs may be a possible strategy to promote health in old age, especially because most Western foods are processed at high temperature and are rich in AGEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Semba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Smith Building, M015, 400 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Over the course of our lifetime a stochastic process leads to gradual alterations of biomolecules on the molecular level, a process that is called ageing. Important changes are observed on the DNA-level as well as on the protein level and are the cause and/or consequence of our 'molecular clock', influenced by genetic as well as environmental parameters. These alterations on the molecular level may aid in forensic medicine to estimate the age of a living person, a dead body or even skeletal remains for identification purposes. Four such important alterations have become the focus of molecular age estimation in the forensic community over the last two decades. The age-dependent accumulation of the 4977bp deletion of mitochondrial DNA and the attrition of telomeres along with ageing are two important processes at the DNA-level. Among a variety of protein alterations, the racemisation of aspartic acid and advanced glycation endproducs have already been tested for forensic applications. At the moment the racemisation of aspartic acid represents the pinnacle of molecular age estimation for three reasons: an excellent standardization of sampling and methods, an evaluation of different variables in many published studies and highest accuracy of results. The three other mentioned alterations often lack standardized procedures, published data are sparse and often have the character of pilot studies. Nevertheless it is important to evaluate molecular methods for their suitability in forensic age estimation, because supplementary methods will help to extend and refine accuracy and reliability of such estimates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Meissner
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Kahlhorststraße 31-35, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Asghar M, Lokhandwala MF. Antioxidant Tempol Lowers Age-Related Increases in Insulin Resistance in Fischer 344 Rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2009; 28:533-41. [PMID: 16820349 DOI: 10.1080/10641960600798697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
It is well documented that both oxidative stress and insulin resistance increase with advancing age. In the present study, a hypothesis was tested that an increase in oxidative stress leads to an age-associated increase in insulin resistance. Adult (6-month) and old (24-month) Fischer 344 rats were supplemented with vehicle and antioxidant (tempol, 1 mmol/L in drinking water, four weeks). Markers of oxidative stress and insulin resistance were measured. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) showed an increase in the plasma and renal proximal tubules (RPT) of vehicle-supplemented old rats but not adult rats. Also, the carboxymethyllysine (CML) level increased in the RPT of vehicle-supplemented old rats. Tempol-supplementation to old rats decreased the levels of MDA and CML compared to vehicle-supplemented old rats. Further, plasma glucose, insulin, and triglycerides were higher in the vehicle-supplemented old rats than the adult rats. Tempol-supplementation to old rats decreased plasma glucose, insulin, and triglycerides, unlike vehicle-supplemented old rats. Homeostasis model assessment, an index of insulin resistance, was increased in vehicle-supplemented old rats but decreased following tempol-supplementation. This study suggests that there are age-related increases in oxidative stress and insulin resistance in Fischer 344 rats. It is speculated that increased oxidative stress may be responsible for the development of insulin resistance in old Fischer 344 rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asghar
- Heart and Kidney Institute, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Davies CA, Herrick AL, Cordingley L, Freemont AJ, Jeziorska M. Expression of advanced glycation end products and their receptor in skin from patients with systemic sclerosis with and without calcinosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2009; 48:876-82. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kep151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
|
33
|
Thangthaeng N, Sumien N, Forster MJ. Dissociation of functional status from accrual of CML and RAGE in the aged mouse brain. Exp Gerontol 2008; 43:1077-85. [PMID: 18783731 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2008.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2007] [Revised: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were: (i) to identify regions of the aged mouse brain in which advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) were increased, and (ii) assess the functional significance of AGEs by determining the extent to which they could predict age-related brain dysfunction. Densitometric analyses of immunoblots for N epsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), a predominant AGE, and receptor for AGE (RAGE), were performed in different brain regions of mice aged 8 or 25 months. The 25-month-old mice were tested for ability to perform on tests of cognitive and psychomotor function prior to assessment of CML or RAGE, to determine if immunostaining results could predict functional impairment among the older mice. The amounts of CML increased with age in cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and midbrain, but were unchanged in the brainstem and cerebellum. Increases in RAGE were evident in all brain regions but the hippocampus, and were not linked to increased amounts of CML. Different statistical approaches each failed to reveal any strong association between the degree of age-related functional impairment among individual mice and amounts of CML or RAGE in any particular region of the brain. The findings from this study suggest that accrual of CML and expression of RAGE in different brain regions are time-related phenomena that do not account for individual differences in brain aging or cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nopporn Thangthaeng
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nagai R, Fujiwara Y, Mera K, Motomura K, Iwao Y, Tsurushima K, Nagai M, Takeo K, Yoshitomi M, Otagiri M, Ikeda T. Usefulness of antibodies for evaluating the biological significance of AGEs. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1126:38-41. [PMID: 18079488 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1433.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies have been widely applied to demonstrate the presence of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in vivo. However, our previous study showed that monoclonal anti-AGE antibody (6D12) and polyclonal anti-N epsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) antibody recognize not only CML but also N epsilon-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL), thus indicating that we should pay attention to the specificity of the antibodies. As a result, we prepared specific monoclonal antibodies against CML, CEL, N omega-(carboxymethyl)arginine (CMA), and S-(carboxymethyl)cysteine (CMC). Our immunochemical study using anti-CMA antibody demonstrated that the CMA content increased in a time-dependent manner when collagen was incubated with glucose, indicating that immunological quantification using the specific antibody is especially useful for measuring an acid-labile AGE structure, such as CMA. Monoclonal antibody is also applied to identify a novel biological marker in pathological lesions. We prepared antibody libraries against proteins modified with aldehydes, such as glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and glycolaldehyde (GA), and one antibody, GA5, which specifically reacts with the GA-modified protein that is recognized in human atherosclerotic lesions. Following successive high-performance liquid chromatography purification, the GA5-reactive compound was isolated and its chemical structure was found to be 3-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-1-(5-amino-5-carboxypentyl) pyridinium cation, which was named GA-pyridine. Taken together, these results demonstrate that a specific antibody is a powerful tool for analyzing novel biomarkers, formation pathways, and the efficacy of AGE inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Nagai
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Southern L, Williams J, Esiri MM. Immunohistochemical study of N-epsilon-carboxymethyl lysine (CML) in human brain: relation to vascular dementia. BMC Neurol 2007; 7:35. [PMID: 17939855 PMCID: PMC2100062 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-7-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and their receptor (RAGE) occur in dementia of the Alzheimer's type and diabetic microvascular disease. Accumulation of AGEs relates to risk factors for vascular dementia with ageing, including hypertension and diabetes. Cognitive dysfunction in vascular dementia may relate to microvascular disease resembling that in diabetes. We tested if, among people with cerebrovascular disease, (1) those with dementia have higher levels of neuronal and vascular AGEs and (2) if cognitive dysfunction depends on neuronal and/or vascular AGE levels. Methods Brain Sections from 25 cases of the OPTIMA (Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing) cohort, with varying degrees of cerebrovascular pathology and cognitive dysfunction (but only minimal Alzheimer type pathology) were immunostained for Nε-(carboxymethyl)-lysine (CML), the most abundant AGE. The level of staining in vessels and neurons in the cortex, white matter and basal ganglia was compared to neuropsychological and other clinical measures. Results The probability of cortical neurons staining positive for CML was higher in cases with worse cognition (p = 0.01) or a history of hypertension (p = 0.028). Additionally, vascular CML staining related to cognitive impairment (p = 0.02) and a history of diabetes (p = 0.007). Neuronal CML staining in the basal ganglia related to a history of hypertension (p = 0.002). Conclusion CML staining in cortical neurons and cerebral vessels is related to the severity of cognitive impairment in people with cerebrovascular disease and only minimal Alzheimer pathology. These findings support the possibility that cerebral accumulation of AGEs may contribute to dementia in people with cerebrovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Southern
- Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
In this review, the evidence for changes in the human brain with ageing at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels is summarized. Loss of neurons is now recognized to be more modest than initial studies suggested and only affects some neuron populations. Accompanying loss of neurons is some reduction in the size of remaining neurons. This reflects a reduced size of dendritic and axonal arborizations. Some of the likely causes of these changes, including free radical damage resulting from a high rate of oxidative metabolism in neurons, glycation and dysregulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis, are discussed. The roles of genes and environmental factors in causing and responding to ageing changes are explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Esiri
- Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, and Department of Neuropathology, Oxford Radcliffe NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kobayashi S, Nomura M, Nishioka T, Kikuchi M, Ishihara A, Nagai R, Hagino N. Overproduction of N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine-induced neovascularization in cultured choroidal explant of aged rat. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:133-8. [PMID: 17202673 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) adduct, a major structure of advanced glycation end product, facilitated production of immature microvessels from choroidal explant cultured in fibrin gel. The present study was investigated an action of endogenous CML adduct on neovascularization of cultured choroidal explants of aged Wistar rats with 9 months of age. The number of microvessels budded from explants was counted under optical microscope and used as an index of in vitro neovascularization. Aged choroidal explants increased the neovascularization in an age-dependent manner. Anti-CML antibody decreased age-facilitated neovascularization as well as CML-human serum albumin (HSA)-facilitated neovascularization. Both the aged explant and CML-HSA-treated explant significantly released vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B during the culture period. The release of TNF alpha and PDGF-B was earlier than that of VEGF from the aged explants. The antibodies against these factors decreased the CML-facilitated and age-facilitated neovascularization in the choroidal explants. The inhibitory capacity of anti-TNF alpha antibody was greater than those of anti-VEGF and anti-PDGF-B antibodies. In conclusion, endogenous CML adduct overproduced the neovascularization of the aged choroidal explant. The CML adduct releases TNF alpha which might induce the production and release of VEGF for the abnormal choroidal neovascularization in the patients of age-related macular degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinjiro Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Riederer P, Hoyer S. From benefit to damage. Glutamate and advanced glycation end products in Alzheimer brain. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2006; 113:1671-7. [PMID: 17053873 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-006-0591-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2006] [Accepted: 09/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The glutamatergic system is the most widespread neurotransmitter system in the mammalian brain. It is connected to the acetylcholinergic neurotransmitter system to form the glutamatergic/aspartatergic-acetylcholinergic circuit, which is the morphobiochemical basis of learning, memory and cognition assisted by the glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, which mediates long-term potentiation as the fundamental molecular mechanisms of these mental capacities. Glutamate and acetylcholine as ligands of the two neurotransmitter systems are products of the neuronal glucose metabolism as holds true also for advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are markers of damaged and/or aged proteins. During normal aging, both the neurotransmitters glutamate and acetylcholine undergo strong functional variations. Their synthesis was found to be reduced as a common feature. In contrast, basal release of acetylcholine and receptor number decrease, whereas basal release of glutamate and receptor number increase. AGEs increase during aging obviously preferentially in glutamatergic pyramidal neurons in cerebral cortical layers prone to neurodegeneration. In sporadic Alzheimer disease (SAD), glutamate concentration was shown to fall since it may serve as a substitute for lacking glucose in the beginning of the disease. In contrast, glutamate receptor density was found to be much less involved indicating an excessive activation of the glutamatergic neurotransmitter system particularly via the NMDA receptor, mediating endogenous excitotoxicity. The morphological hallmarks of SAD neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles have been demonstrated to crosslink with AGEs causing an increased rate of free radical production. First data from animal studies and investigations on human beings may indicate that the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine may have beneficial effects on the course of SAD and its clinical symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Riederer
- Institute of Clinical Neurochemistry and National Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence Laboratory, Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Bayerische Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Takahashi T, Amano N, Asamura H, Nomiyama T, Hanihara T, Nakayama J, Fukushima H. Correlation between glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes and age in the human hippocampus. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2006; 8:161-5. [PMID: 16621651 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2006.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2005] [Revised: 01/18/2006] [Accepted: 01/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is one of the areas most vulnerable to histopathological changes, and such changes may yield useful information in forensic medicine. We found that glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes are frequently found in the hippocampus of consecutive series of forensic brains, distributed predominantly in the hippocampal CA4 and hippocampal sulcus (HS) regions. The present study counted GFAP-positive astrocytes in these regions and investigated associations with age, cause of death and postmortem time. Significant correlations were found between age and number of GFAP-positive astrocytes in both CA4 and HS regions. Number of GFAP-positive astrocytes increases in an age-dependent manner, but no correlations were noted between number of GFAP-positive astrocytes and postmortem time and cause of death. Number of GFAP-positive astrocytes in the hippocampus may provide useful information for age estimation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nitti M, d'Abramo C, Traverso N, Verzola D, Garibotto G, Poggi A, Odetti P, Cottalasso D, Marinari UM, Pronzato MA, Domenicotti C. Central role of PKCdelta in glycoxidation-dependent apoptosis of human neurons. Free Radic Biol Med 2005; 38:846-56. [PMID: 15749380 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2004] [Revised: 11/17/2004] [Accepted: 12/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) induces alterations in the intracellular redox balance, leading cells to functional injury. Current literature reports that intracellular signaling triggered by the interaction of AGEs with their specific receptors RAGEs depends on the cell type and the state of activation/stress. In this work, NT2 human neurons were exposed for 48 h to glycated fetal serum containing 750-3000 pmol/ml pentosidine; the treatment induced an increase in apoptosis rate linear with AGE concentration up to 1500 pmol/ml, but necrotic death was elicited with the highest AGE amount employed (3000 pmol/ml pentosidine). Pentosidine at 1500 pmol/ml, which was the concentration responsible for the highest apoptotic effect (40% of apoptotic neurons), was able to determine early generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and increase in RAGE levels. Under these conditions, protein kinase C (PKC) delta activity was increased approximately 2-fold, and DNA binding activity of redox-sensitive transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) was enhanced 2.5-fold. A relationship among oxidative stress, PKCdelta activity, AP-1 activation, and apoptosis was demonstrated by pretreating neurons with 500 muM vitamin E, with 20 mug/ml Ginkgo biloba extract, or with 3 muM Rottlerin, inhibitor of PKCdelta; these pretreatments were able to protect neurons from the glycoxidation-dependent effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariapaola Nitti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kobayashi S, Shinohara H, Tsuneki H, Nagai R, Horiuchi S. N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine proliferated CD34(+) cells from rat choroidal explant in culture. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 27:1382-7. [PMID: 15340223 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.27.1382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Action of N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine-human serum albumin (CML-HSA) on neovascularization was investigated in cultured rat choroidal explant. Choroidal explants of normal male Wistar rats were cultured in fibrin gel with Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium containing fetal bovine serum in the presence or absence of CML-HSA. Migrated cells were budded from 2nd day in culture and developed from cultured choroidal explants in a time-dependent manner. Budded and developed cells from the choroidal explant had a feature of fibroblasts, which had attenuated long cytoplasmic processes, long ellipsoid nuclei and numerous membrane-bound polymorphic vesicles. Immunostaining of the attenuated cells in fibrin bed with CD34 (a marker protein of vascular endothelial cells and endothelial progenitor cells) failed to disclose positive result. However the cells which were isolated from fibrin bed by collagenase were specifically stained with anti-CD34 antibody. The isolated cells did not form tube-like structures on collagen gel by 3 weeks in culture. CML-HSA significantly increased the number of total isolated cells and CD34(+) cells as well as the number of vessel-like structures. These results indicate that CML-HSA overproduced immature blood vessels from cultured choroidal explants in fibrin gel, which consisted of CD34(+) cells. The CML-HSA-induced formation of immature blood vessel may be implicated in various choroidal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinjiro Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, 3-Ho Kanagawa-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1181, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ahmed N, Ahmed U, Thornalley PJ, Hager K, Fleischer G, Münch G. Protein glycation, oxidation and nitration adduct residues and free adducts of cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease and link to cognitive impairment. J Neurochem 2005; 92:255-63. [PMID: 15663474 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02864.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Increased damage to proteins by glycation, oxidation and nitration has been implicated in neuronal cell death leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Protein glycation, oxidation and nitration adducts are consequently formed. Quantitative screening of these adducts in CSF may provide a biochemical indicator for the diagnosis of AD. To assess this, we measured 11 glycation adducts, three oxidation adducts and a nitration adduct, determining both protein adduct residues and free adducts, in CSF samples of age-matched normal healthy subjects (n = 18) and subjects with Alzheimer's disease (n = 32). In CSF protein, the concentrations of 3-nitrotyrosine, N(epsilon)-carboxymethyl-lysine, 3-deoxyglucosone-derived hydroimidazolone and N-formylkynurenine residues were increased in subjects with Alzheimer's disease. In CSF ultrafiltrate, the concentrations of 3-nitrotyrosine, methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone and glyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone free adducts were also increased. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score correlated negatively with 3-nitrotyrosine residue concentration (p < 0.05), and the negative correlation with fructosyl-lysine residues just failed to reach significance (p = 0.052). Multiple linear regression gave a regression model of the MMSE score on 3-nitrotyrosine, fructosyl-lysine and N(epsilon)-carboxyethyl-lysine residues with p-values of 0.021, 0.031 and 0.052, respectively. These findings indicate that protein glycation, oxidation and nitration adduct residues and free adducts were increased in the CSF of subjects with Alzheimer's disease. A combination of nitration and glycation adduct estimates of CSF may provide an indicator for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naila Ahmed
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hagino N, Kobayashi S, Tsutsumi T, Horiuchi S, Nagai R, Setalo G, Dettrich E. Vascular change of hippocampal capillary is associated with vascular change of retinal capillary in aging. Brain Res Bull 2004; 62:537-47. [PMID: 15036569 DOI: 10.1016/s0361-9230(03)00082-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2003] [Accepted: 02/17/2003] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Vascular deficiency, such as deleterious change of endothelial cells, becomes the prominent feature of hippocampal microvessels during the processes of aging in rodents and it seems to be associated with deficiency of intellectual behavior in aged subjects. The hippocampal microvessels and hippocampal pyramidal neurons form and accumulate intermediates of advanced Maillard reaction (glycation) end products, specifically N()-carboxymethyl lysine (CML) and CML in rodents during the processes of aging. CML facilitates proliferation of endothelial cells in culture. However, further conjugation of CML with the substance(s) seems to occur in the microvessels and pyramidal neurons of hippocampus and it brings about deleterious change of endothelial cells and pyramidal neuron death. This would cause deficiency of recognition and reference memory in rodents during the processes of aging. In man in Alzheimer's disease (AD), one might speculate that formation and accumulation of CML in the hippocampal microvessels initiate the accumulation of amyloid to produce cerebral amyloid angiopathy and it brings about hypoglycemia and hypoxia in the hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Furthermore, formation and accumulation of CML in the hippocampal pyramidal neurons initiate the deposition of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques which cause neuronal death. In this way, vascular deficiency of hippocampal microvessels seems to be associated with the demented disease, the atrophic process of the brain and accumulation of amyloid in the brain in man. In terms of vascular deficiency concerns, the vascular change of the retinal capillaries becomes also a prominent feature during the processes of aging and it has a positive correlation with the vascular change of hippocampal capillary. In man during senescence, one might also speculate that vascular change of eye capillaries would become the early market for diagnosis of dementia in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyoshi Hagino
- Laboratory of Kampo Medicine and Neuroendocrinology, Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bär KJ, Franke S, Wenda B, Müller S, Kientsch-Engel R, Stein G, Sauer H. Pentosidine and N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)-lysine in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Neurobiol Aging 2003; 24:333-8. [PMID: 12498967 DOI: 10.1016/s0197-4580(02)00086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests an interaction of oxidative stress and the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease. We studied levels of pentosidine and N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)-lysine (CML) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 15 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD), 20 patients with vascular dementia (VD), and 31 control subjects (14 matched for age, and 17 younger patients). AGE protein concentrations in CSF did not differ within controls when divided into two subgroups by age. We found significantly elevated levels of CML in CSF of AD patients and of pentosidine in CSF of patients suffering from vascular dementia when compared to controls. The concentrations of pentosidine and CML in serum apparently did not relate directly to CSF values, suggesting influence of extra-cerebral factors in serum samples. It is concluded that AGE proteins are differentially affected in these types of dementia, depending on the specific neuropathology. Furthermore, measurements of AGE products in vivo should rely on CSF rather than blood samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K J Bär
- Department of Psychiatry, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Philosophenweg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Jono T, Kimura T, Takamatsu J, Nagai R, Miyazaki K, Yuzuriha T, Kitamura T, Horiuchi S. Accumulation of imidazolone, pentosidine and N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine in hippocampal CA4 pyramidal neurons of aged human brain. Pathol Int 2002; 52:563-71. [PMID: 12406185 DOI: 10.1046/j.1320-5463.2002.01390.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated that N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), one of the major advanced glycation end products (AGE), was accumulated in human pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus in an age-dependent manner. This suggests a potential link between AGE-accumulation and the aging process in neurons. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether this notion could be extended to other AGE structures, such as imidazolone and pentosidine. This was done using 19 human brains that were not affected by dementia. The immunohistochemical survey on distribution in brain tissues of imidazolone and pentosidine was carried out with monoclonal antibodies specific for imidazolone and pentosidine. A parallel control experiment was carried out with anti-CML antibody. The results showed that pentosidine and imidazolone were localized in neurons in different areas of human brain tissue, especially in neurons of CA4 in the hippocampus. The characteristic distribution of pentosidine and imidazolone is very similar to that of CML. Furthermore, when the accumulation of these AGE structures was compared with the age of individual brains it was found that accumulation of imidazolone, pentosidine and CML in the CA4 region increased with age. These findings taken together support the notion that the accumulation of AGE structures in the CA4 region might be closely related to the aging process in neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Jono
- Department of Biochemistry, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Miki Hayashi C, Nagai R, Miyazaki K, Hayase F, Araki T, Ono T, Horiuchi S. Conversion of Amadori products of the Maillard reaction to N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine by short-term heating: possible detection of artifacts by immunohistochemistry. J Transl Med 2002; 82:795-808. [PMID: 12065691 DOI: 10.1097/01.lab.0000018826.59648.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) of the Maillard reaction increases by aging and in age-enhanced diseases such as atherosclerosis and diabetic complications. Immunohistochemical analysis has been used to demonstrate AGE in vivo. In immunochemistry, the heat-induced epitope retrieval technique is extensively used with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Here we examined whether AGE could be formed artificially through the heating process. Normal rat skin and liver samples were divided into two groups, one rapidly frozen, the other formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded and submitted to heat-induced epitope retrieval treatment. In heat-treated sections, the cytoplasm of rat epidermal cells and hepatocytes were strongly stained by monoclonal antibody against N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), while the staining was negligible in either frozen sections or in paraffin-embedded but heat-untreated sections. To clarify the mechanism, we conducted heat treatment to glycated human serum albumin (HSA), a model Amadori protein, and generation of CML was determined by immunochemical and HPLC analysis. CML was generated from glycated HSA by heat treatment (above 80 degrees C) and increased in a time-dependent manner. In contrast, generation of CML from glycated HSA was significantly inhibited in the presence of NaBH4, a reducing agent, diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, a chelator of transition metal ion, or aminoguanidine, a trapping reagent for alpha-oxoaldehydes. Furthermore, heat-induced CML formation in rat liver samples determined by HPLC was markedly reduced by pretreatment with NaBH4. Reactive intermediates such as glucosone, 3-deoxyglucosone, methylglyoxal, and glyoxal were formed upon heat treatment of glycated HSA at 100 degrees C, indicating that these aldehydes generated from Amadori products by oxidative cleavage can contribute to further CML formation. CML generated by heating, directly from Amadori products or via these aldehydes, might serve as an artifact upon immunohistochemistry.
Collapse
|
47
|
Biessels GJ, van der Heide LP, Kamal A, Bleys RLAW, Gispen WH. Ageing and diabetes: implications for brain function. Eur J Pharmacol 2002; 441:1-14. [PMID: 12007915 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(02)01486-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with moderate cognitive deficits and neurophysiological and structural changes in the brain, a condition that may be referred to as diabetic encephalopathy. Diabetes increases the risk of dementia, particularly in the elderly. The emerging view is that the diabetic brain features many symptoms that are best described as "accelerated brain ageing." The clinical characteristics of diabetic encephalopathy are discussed, as well as behavioural (e.g. spatial learning) and neurophysiological (e.g. hippocampal synaptic plasticity) findings in animal models. Animal models can make a substantial contribution to our understanding of the pathogenesis, which shares many features with the mechanisms underlying brain ageing. By unravelling the pathogenesis, targets for pharmacotherapy can be identified. This may allow treatment or prevention of this diabetic complication in the future. We discuss changes in glutamate receptor subtypes, in second-messenger systems and in protein kinases that may account for the alterations in synaptic plasticity. In addition, the possible role of cerebrovascular changes, oxidative stress, nonenzymatic protein glycation, insulin and alterations in neuronal calcium homeostasis are addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geert Jan Biessels
- Department of Medical Pharmacology of the Rudolf Magnus Institute for Neurosciences, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yamamoto T, Shibata N, Muramatsu F, Sakayori N, Kobayashi M. Oxidative stress in the human fetal brain: an immunohistochemical study. Pediatr Neurol 2002; 26:116-22. [PMID: 11897475 DOI: 10.1016/s0887-8994(01)00369-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Because accumulation of oxidative modification products seems to relate to aging and has not been fully studied in fetal brains, an immunohistochemical examination was performed on nine brains ranging from 22-40 weeks of gestation. These brains did not demonstrate lesions except hypoxic-ischemic changes. Advanced glycation end products and 4-hydroxynonenal are generally reported to be negative in neurons of normal young brains, but, in the present study, distinct positive immunoreaction was observed in neurons of fetal brains. Positive immunoreaction appeared earlier in the medulla oblongata than in the cerebrum, and 4-hydroxynonenal began to accumulate earlier than advanced glycation end products. As for glial cells, advanced glycation end products and 4-hydroxynonenal were positive in reactive astrocytes in mid- to late gestation. Because hypoxic-ischemic changes were observed in most of the patients, it is possible that oxidative stress caused by hypoxic-ischemic may be involved in the accumulation of these products in the fetal brain. 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine was negative even in patients demonstrating positive reaction for advanced glycation end products and 4-hydroxynonenal. In the fetal brain, DNA might be strongly protected from oxidative damage. 4-Hydroxynonenal is generally positive in the cytoplasm but was positive in the nucleus of immature neurons and glial cells in the present study, suggesting a unique metabolism of the fetal brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical College, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Araki N, Shibayama R, Ejima Y, Nagai R, Araki T, Saya H, Horiuchi S. Study of autoantibodies against advanced glycation endproducts of the Maillard reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0531-5131(01)00441-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
50
|
Kato S, Nakashima K, Horiuchi S, Nagai R, Cleveland DW, Liu J, Hirano A, Takikawa M, Kato M, Nakano I, Sakoda S, Asayama K, Ohama E. Formation of advanced glycation end‐product‐modified superoxide dismutase‐1 (SOD1) is one of the mechanisms responsible for inclusions common to familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with SOD1 gene mutation, and transgenic mice expressing human SOD1 gene mutation. Neuropathology 2001. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2001.00359.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ryoji Nagai
- Department of Biochemistry, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto,
| | - Don W. Cleveland
- Ludwig Institute and Department of Neuroscience, University of California at San Diego, California and
| | - Jian Liu
- Ludwig Institute and Department of Neuroscience, University of California at San Diego, California and
| | - Asao Hirano
- Division of Neuropathology, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, USA
| | | | - Masako Kato
- Second Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago,
| | - Imaharu Nakano
- Department of Neurology, Jichi Medical College, Tochigi,
| | | | - Kohtaro Asayama
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan,
| | | |
Collapse
|