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Jiang C, DiLeone RJ, Pittenger C, Duman RS. The endogenous opioid system in the medial prefrontal cortex mediates ketamine's antidepressant-like actions. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:90. [PMID: 38346984 PMCID: PMC10861497 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02796-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have implicated the endogenous opioid system in the antidepressant actions of ketamine, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We used a combination of pharmacological, behavioral, and molecular approaches in rats to test the contribution of the prefrontal endogenous opioid system to the antidepressant-like effects of a single dose of ketamine. Both the behavioral actions of ketamine and their molecular correlates in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are blocked by acute systemic administration of naltrexone, a competitive opioid receptor antagonist. Naltrexone delivered directly into the mPFC similarly disrupts the behavioral effects of ketamine. Ketamine treatment rapidly increases levels of β-endorphin and the expression of the μ-opioid receptor gene (Oprm1) in the mPFC, and the expression of gene that encodes proopiomelanocortin, the precursor of β-endorphin, in the hypothalamus, in vivo. Finally, neutralization of β-endorphin in the mPFC using a specific antibody prior to ketamine treatment abolishes both behavioral and molecular effects. Together, these findings indicate that presence of β-endorphin and activation of opioid receptors in the mPFC are required for the antidepressant-like actions of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Ralph J DiLeone
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christopher Pittenger
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Yale University School of Arts and Sciences, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Ronald S Duman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Pittenger C, Jiang C, DiLeone R, Duman R. The endogenous opioid system in the medial prefrontal cortex mediates ketamine's antidepressant-like actions. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3190391. [PMID: 37886526 PMCID: PMC10602058 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3190391/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have implicated the endogenous opioid system in the antidepressant actions of ketamine, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We used a combination of pharmacological, behavioral, and molecular approaches in rats to test the contribution of the prefrontal endogenous opioid system to the antidepressant-like effects of a single dose of ketamine. Both the behavioral actions of ketamine and their molecular correlates in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were blocked by acute systemic administration of naltrexone, a competitive opioid receptor antagonist. Naltrexone delivered directly into the mPFC similarly disrupted the behavioral effects of ketamine. Ketamine treatment rapidly increased levels of β-endorphin and the expression of the μ-opioid receptor gene (Oprm1) in the mPFC, and the expression of the gene that encodes proopiomelanocortin, the precursor of β-endorphin, in the hypothalamus, in vivo. Finally, neutralization of β-endorphin in the mPFC using a specific antibody prior to ketamine treatment abolished both behavioral and molecular effects. Together, these findings indicate that presence of β-endorphin and activation of opioid receptors in the mPFC are required for the antidepressant-like actions of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ronald Duman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine
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Patra PH, Tench B, Hitrec T, Holmes F, Drake R, Cerritelli S, Spanswick D, Pickering AE. Pro-Opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract mediate endorphinergic endogenous analgesia in mice. Pain 2022; 164:1051-1066. [PMID: 36448978 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) contains pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons which are one of the two major sources of β-endorphin in the brain. The functional role of these NTS POMC neurons in nociceptive and cardiorespiratory function is debated. We have shown that NTS POMC optogenetic activation produces bradycardia and transient apnoea in a working heart brainstem preparation and chemogenetic activation with an engineered ion channel (PSAM) produced opioidergic analgesia in vivo . To better define the role of the NTS POMC neurons in behaving animals, we adopted in vivo optogenetics (ChrimsonR) and excitatory/inhibitory chemogenetic DREADD (hM3Dq/hM4Di) strategies in POMC-Cre mice. We show that optogenetic activation of NTS POMC neurons produces time-locked, graded, transient bradycardia and bradypnoea in anaesthetised mice which is naloxone sensitive (1 mg/kg, i.p) suggesting a role of β-endorphin. Both optogenetic and chemogenetic activation of NTS POMC neurons produces sustained thermal analgesia in behaving mice which can be blocked by naloxone. It also produced analgesia in inflammatory pain (carrageenan) but not in a neuropathic pain model (tibial nerve transection). Inhibiting NTS POMC neurons does not produce any effect on basal nociception but inhibits stress-induced analgesia (unlike inhibition of arcuate POMC neurons). Activation of NTS POMC neuronal populations in conscious mice did not cause respiratory depression, anxiety or locomotor deficit (in open field) nor affective preference. These findings indicate that NTS POMC neurons play a key role in the generation of endorphinergic endogenous analgesia and can also regulate cardiorespiratory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pabitra Hriday Patra
- Anaesthesia, Pain & Critical Care Research, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Becks Tench
- Anaesthesia, Pain & Critical Care Research, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Timna Hitrec
- Anaesthesia, Pain & Critical Care Research, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Fiona Holmes
- Anaesthesia, Pain & Critical Care Research, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Robert Drake
- Anaesthesia, Pain & Critical Care Research, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Serena Cerritelli
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - David Spanswick
- Neurosolutions, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, West Midlands, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Anthony Edward Pickering
- Anaesthesia, Pain & Critical Care Research, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
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You HJ, Lei J, Pertovaara A. Thalamus: The 'promoter' of endogenous modulation of pain and potential therapeutic target in pathological pain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 139:104745. [PMID: 35716873 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
More recently, the thalamic mediodorsal (MD) and ventromedial (VM) nuclei have been revealed to be functioned as 'nociceptive discriminator' in discriminating noxious and innocuous peripheral afferents, and exhibits distinct different descending controls of nociception. Of particularly importance, the function of thalamic nuclei in engaging descending modulation of nociception is 'silent' or inactive during the physiological state as well as in condition exposed to insufficient noxious stimulation. Once initiation by sufficient noxious or innocuous C-afferents associated with temporal and spatial summation, the thalamic MD and VM nuclei exhibit salient, different effects: facilitation and inhibition, on noxious mechanically and heat evoked nociception, respectively. Based on series of experimental evidence, we here summarize a novel hypothesis involving thalamic MD and VM nuclei functioned as 'promoter' in initiating descending facilitation and inhibition of pain with specific spatiotemporal characteristics. We further hypothesize that clinical remedy in targeting thalamic VM nucleus by enhancing its activities in recruiting inhibition alone or decreasing thalamic MD nucleus induced facilitation may provide promising way in effectively control of pathological pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jun You
- Center for Translational Medicine Research on Sensory-Motor Diseases, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Yan'an Sports Rehabilitation Medicine, Yan'an 716000, PR China.
| | - Jing Lei
- Center for Translational Medicine Research on Sensory-Motor Diseases, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Yan'an Sports Rehabilitation Medicine, Yan'an 716000, PR China
| | - Antti Pertovaara
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, POB 63, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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Johnson BN, McKernan LC, Bruehl S. A Theoretical Endogenous Opioid Neurobiological Framework for Co-occurring Pain, Trauma, and Non-suicidal Self-injury. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2022; 26:405-414. [PMID: 35380406 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-022-01043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Individuals with chronic pain are significantly more likely to have experienced overwhelming trauma early and often in key developmental years. There is increasing acknowledgment that childhood trauma disrupts how individuals process and cope with both physical and emotional pain. Emerging studies acknowledge elevated rates of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in chronic pain populations. This review provides a theoretical framework to understand the relationship between NSSI behavior and pain experience in persons with chronic pain and childhood trauma histories. We discuss how NSSI may act to regulate neurobiological (e.g., endogenous opioid systems) and psychological (e.g., heightened negative affect and emotion dysregulation) systems affected by childhood trauma, leading to temporary pain relief and a cycle of negative reinforcement perpetuating NSSI. As these concepts are greatly understudied in pain populations, this review focuses on key areas relevant to chronic pain that may provide a testable, conceptual framework to support hypothesis generation, future empirical investigation, and intervention efforts. RECENT FINDINGS See Fig. 1. See Fig. 1.
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Degradable polymeric vehicles for postoperative pain management. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1367. [PMID: 33649338 PMCID: PMC7921139 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective control of pain management has the potential to significantly decrease the need for prescription opioids following a surgical procedure. While extended release products for pain management are available commercially, the implementation of a device that safely and reliably provides extended analgesia and is sufficiently flexible to facilitate a diverse array of release profiles would serve to advance patient comfort, quality of care and compliance following surgical procedures. Herein, we review current polymeric systems that could be utilized in new, controlled post-operative pain management devices and highlight where opportunities for improvement exist.
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Kim GH, Lee JW, Kim GE, Lee SS, Son SL, Kim BU, Cho HN, Kwon MY, Koo MS, Kim JE, Yun MJ. Analgesic effect of ropivacaine with fentanyl in comparison with ropivacaine alone for continuous femoral nerve block after knee replacement arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded study. Anesth Pain Med (Seoul) 2020; 15:209-216. [PMID: 33329816 PMCID: PMC7713827 DOI: 10.17085/apm.2020.15.2.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The analgesic effect of perineural opioid in clinical practice are still controversial. This randomized controlled trial compared analgesic effect of ropivacaine with fentanyl or ropivacaine alone for continuous femoral nerve block following unilateral total knee arthroplasty. Methods Fourty patients of ASA PS Ⅰ or Ⅱ receiving total knee arthroplasty with spinal anesthesia were enlisted and randomly allocated into two groups. Group R; bolus injection of 0.375% ropivacaine, 30 ml and an infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine at 8 ml/h (n = 20). Group RF; 0.375% ropivacaine, 29 ml added with 50 μg of fentanyl as a bolus and an infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine mixed with 1 μg/ml of fentanyl at 8 ml/h (n = 20). Local anesthetic infusion via a femoral nerve catheter was started at the end of operation and continued for 48 h. Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with hydromorphone (0.15 mg/ml, 0-1-10) were used for adjuvant analgesics. Position of catheter tip and contrast distribution, visual analogue scale of pain, hydromorphone consumption, side effects were recorded for 48 h after operation. Patient satisfaction for the pain control received were noted. Results The pain visual analogue scale, incidences of side effects and satisfaction were not different between the two groups (P > 0.05), but the hydromorphone usage at 48 h after operation were lower in the Group RF than in the Group R (P = 0.047). Conclusions The analgesic effect of ropivacaine with fentanyl for continuous femoral nerve block after knee replacement arthroplasty was not superior to that of the ropivacaine alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunn Hee Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Woo Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Go Eun Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Su Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shill Lee Son
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Uk Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha Na Cho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Young Kwon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Seok Koo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Jung Yun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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8
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Analgesic treatment with buprenorphine should be adapted to the mouse strain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 191:172877. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Taneja P, Olausson H, Trulsson M, Vase L, Svensson P, Baad-Hansen L. Modulation of experimental facial pain via somatosensory stimuli targeting sensations of different valence. J Oral Rehabil 2020; 47:720-730. [PMID: 32187404 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of pain modulation from oro-facial somatosensory stimuli with different valence (pleasant-unpleasant) is limited. OBJECTIVES To investigate (a) the modulatory effects of painful, pleasant and unpleasant somatosensory stimuli on two models of experimental facial pain, (b) whether modulation could be changed by blocking peripheral nerves via application of a local anaesthetic, EMLA, or blocking endogenous opioid receptors via naltrexone and (c) whether pain ratings were significantly correlated with participant psychological profiles. METHODS Thirty-eight healthy women received experimental facial skin burning pain or jaw myalgia for four randomised sessions on different days. The painful region was stimulated with mechanical or thermal painful, pleasant, unpleasant and control stimuli, with ratings recorded before and during stimulation. Sessions differed in pre-treatment: EMLA/naltrexone/placebo tablet/cream. RESULTS Significant effects of thermal or mechanical stimuli (P < .017), but not session (P > .102), were found on pain ratings for both models. In myalgia, painful cold resulted in a greater reduction in pain ratings than unpleasant cold, pleasant cold, control and pleasant warmth (P < .004). Decreases in pain ratings from painful, unpleasant and pleasant mechanical stimuli were greater than control (P < .002). In burning pain, painful cold resulted in a greater reduction in pain ratings than all but one of the other thermal stimuli (P < .033). The pleasant mechanical stimulus reduced pain ratings more than all other mechanical stimuli (P ≤ .003). There were no significant correlations between pain and psychometrics. CONCLUSION Valence-targeted thermal and mechanical stimuli modulated experimental myalgia and skin burning pain (P < .017). Partially blocking peripheral afferents or opioid receptors did not affect modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Taneja
- Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Scandinavian Centre for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Håkan Olausson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mats Trulsson
- Scandinavian Centre for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Lene Vase
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Svensson
- Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Scandinavian Centre for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lene Baad-Hansen
- Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Scandinavian Centre for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Aarhus, Denmark
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Emery MA, Eitan S. Members of the same pharmacological family are not alike: Different opioids, different consequences, hope for the opioid crisis? Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 92:428-449. [PMID: 30790677 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pain management is the specialized medical practice of modulating pain perception and thus easing the suffering and improving the life quality of individuals suffering from painful conditions. Since this requires the modulation of the activity of endogenous systems involved in pain perception, and given the large role that the opioidergic system plays in pain perception, opioids are currently the most effective pain treatment available and are likely to remain relevant for the foreseeable future. This contributes to the rise in opioid use, misuse, and overdose death, which is currently characterized by public health officials in the United States as an epidemic. Historically, the majority of preclinical rodent studies were focused on morphine. This has resulted in our understanding of opioids in general being highly biased by our knowledge of morphine specifically. However, recent in vitro studies suggest that direct extrapolation of research findings from morphine to other opioids is likely to be flawed. Notably, these studies suggest that different opioid analgesics (opioid agonists) engage different downstream signaling effects within the cell, despite binding to and activating the same receptors. This recognition implies that, in contrast to the historical status quo, different opioids cannot be made equivalent by merely dose adjustment. Notably, even at equianalgesic doses, different opioids could result in different beneficial and risk outcomes. In order to foster further translational research regarding drug-specific differences among opioids, here we review basic research elucidating differences among opioids in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, their capacity for second messenger pathway activation, and their interactions with the immune system and the dopamine D2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Emery
- Behavioral and Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4235 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience (TAMIN), College Station, TX, USA
| | - Shoshana Eitan
- Behavioral and Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4235 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience (TAMIN), College Station, TX, USA.
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11
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Abu Elyazed MM, Mostafa SF. Fentanyl versus magnesium sulphate as adjuvant to peribulbar anesthesia in cataract surgery. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egja.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaimaa F. Mostafa
- Department of Anesthesia and Surgical ICU, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
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13
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Taking rejection to heart: Associations between blood pressure and sensitivity to social pain. Biol Psychol 2018; 139:87-95. [PMID: 30352273 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A reliable finding from the physical pain literature is that individuals with higher resting (i.e., tonic) blood pressure experience relatively less pain in response to nociceptive stimuli. Converging lines of evidence suggest that biological factors that influence the experience of physical pain may also relate to social pain. An open question, however, is whether higher blood pressure per se is a biological factor associated with lower sensitivity to social pain. This possible association was tested in three studies. Consistent with prior findings on physical pain, higher resting blood pressure was associated with lower self-reported sensitivity to social pain across individuals (Study 1 r = -.303, Study 2 r = -.262, -.246), even after adjusting for confounding factors related to blood pressure (Study 3 r = -.222). Findings suggest a previously unknown biological correlate of sensitivity to social pain, providing further evidence for possible shared substrates for physical and social pain.
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Tzschentke TM, Linz K, Frosch S, Christoph T. Antihyperalgesic, Antiallodynic, and Antinociceptive Effects of Cebranopadol, a Novel Potent Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ and Opioid Receptor Agonist, after Peripheral and Central Administration in Rodent Models of Neuropathic Pain. Pain Pract 2017; 17:1032-1041. [PMID: 28112482 DOI: 10.1111/papr.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cebranopadol is a novel and highly potent analgesic acting via nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) and opioid receptors. Since NOP and opioid receptors are expressed in the central nervous system as well as in the periphery, this study addressed the question of where cebranopadol exerts its effects in animal models of chronic neuropathic pain. Mechanical hypersensitivity in streptozotocin (STZ)-treated diabetic rats, cold allodynia in the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model in rats, and heat hyperalgesia and nociception in STZ-treated diabetic and control mice was determined after intraplantar (i.pl.), intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.), or intrathecal (i.th.) administration. In STZ-treated rats, cebranopadol (i.pl.) reduced mechanical hypersensitivity in the ipsilateral paw, but had no effect at the contralateral paw. In CCI rats, cebranopadol (i.pl.) showed antiallodynic activity at the ipsilateral paw. After administration to the contralateral paw, cebranopadol also showed ipsilateral antiallodynic activity, but with reduced potency and delayed onset. In diabetic mice, cebranopadol i.th. and i.c.v. decreased heat hyperalgesia with full efficacy and similar potency for both routes. Cebranopadol also produced significant antinociception in nondiabetic controls. Thus, cebranopadol exerts potent and efficacious antihyperalgesic, antiallodynic, and antinociceptive effects after local/peripheral, spinal, and supraspinal administration. The contralateral effects after i.pl. administration were likely due to systemic redistribution. After central administration of cebranopadol, antihyperalgesic efficacy is reached at doses that are not yet antinociceptive. This study shows that cebranopadol is effective after peripheral as well as central administration in nociceptive and chronic neuropathic pain. Thus, it may be well-suited for the treatment of chronic pain conditions with a neuropathic component.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Klaus Linz
- Preclinical Drug Development, Grünenthal GmbH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Frosch
- Preclinical Drug Development, Grünenthal GmbH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Christoph
- Pharmacology and Biomarker Development, Grünenthal GmbH, Germany
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15
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Ervin FR, Palmour RM, Pearson Murphy BE, Prince R, Simons RC. The Psychobiology of Trance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/136346158802500402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Cerritelli S, Hirschberg S, Hill R, Balthasar N, Pickering AE. Activation of Brainstem Pro-opiomelanocortin Neurons Produces Opioidergic Analgesia, Bradycardia and Bradypnoea. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153187. [PMID: 27077912 PMCID: PMC4831707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids are widely used medicinally as analgesics and abused for hedonic effects, actions that are each complicated by substantial risks such as cardiorespiratory depression. These drugs mimic peptides such as β-endorphin, which has a key role in endogenous analgesia. The β-endorphin in the central nervous system originates from pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus and nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). Relatively little is known about the NTSPOMC neurons but their position within the sensory nucleus of the vagus led us to test the hypothesis that they play a role in modulation of cardiorespiratory and nociceptive control. The NTSPOMC neurons were targeted using viral vectors in a POMC-Cre mouse line to express either opto-genetic (channelrhodopsin-2) or chemo-genetic (Pharmacologically Selective Actuator Modules). Opto-genetic activation of the NTSPOMC neurons in the working heart brainstem preparation (n = 21) evoked a reliable, titratable and time-locked respiratory inhibition (120% increase in inter-breath interval) with a bradycardia (125±26 beats per minute) and augmented respiratory sinus arrhythmia (58% increase). Chemo-genetic activation of NTSPOMC neurons in vivo was anti-nociceptive in the tail flick assay (latency increased by 126±65%, p<0.001; n = 8). All effects of NTSPOMC activation were blocked by systemic naloxone (opioid antagonist) but not by SHU9119 (melanocortin receptor antagonist). The NTSPOMC neurons were found to project to key brainstem structures involved in cardiorespiratory control (nucleus ambiguus and ventral respiratory group) and endogenous analgesia (periaqueductal gray and midline raphe). Thus the NTSPOMC neurons may be capable of tuning behaviour by an opioidergic modulation of nociceptive, respiratory and cardiac control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Cerritelli
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Hirschberg
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Hill
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Nina Balthasar
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony E. Pickering
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospitals Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Sasmal PK, Krishna CV, Adabala SS, Roshaiah M, Rawoof KA, Thadi E, Sukumar KP, Cheera S, Abbineni C, Rao KN, Prasanthi A, Nijhawan K, Jaleel M, Iyer LR, Chaitanya TK, Tiwari NK, Krishna NL, Potluri V, Khanna I, Frimurer TM, Lückmann M, Rist Ø, Elster L, Högberg T. Optimisation of in silico derived 2-aminobenzimidazole hits as unprecedented selective kappa opioid receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:887-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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18
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Kuo A, Smith MT. Theoretical and practical applications of the intracerebroventricular route for CSF sampling and drug administration in CNS drug discovery research: A mini review. J Neurosci Methods 2014; 233:166-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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You HJ, Lei J, Ye G, Fan XL, Li Q. Influence of intramuscular heat stimulation on modulation of nociception: complex role of central opioid receptors in descending facilitation and inhibition. J Physiol 2014; 592:4365-80. [PMID: 25038244 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.275800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that the threshold to activate 'silent' or inactive descending facilitation of nociception is lower than that of descending inhibition. Thus, the development of pain therapy to effectively drive descending inhibition alone, without the confounding influences of facilitation is a challenge. To address this issue we investigated the effects of intramuscular stimulation with a heating-needle on spinal nociception, assessed by measuring nociceptive paw withdrawal reflex in rats. Additionally, involvement of the thalamic 'nociceptive discriminators' (thalamic mediodorsal (MD) and ventromedial (VM) nuclei), and opioid-mediated mechanisms were further explored. Descending facilitation and inhibition were elicited by 46°C noxious heating-needle stimulation, and were regulated by thalamic MD and VM nuclei, respectively. In contrast, innocuous heating-needle stimulation at a temperature of 43°C elicited descending inhibition modulated by the thalamic VM nucleus alone. Microinjection of μ/δ/κ-opioid receptor antagonists β-funaltrexamine hydrochloride/naltrindole/nor-binaltorphimine, into the VM nucleus attenuated the 46°C intramuscular heating-needle stimulation-evoked descending inhibition, whereas treatment of the MD nucleus with β-funaltrexamine hydrochloride significantly decreased the descending facilitation. By contrast, descending inhibition evoked by 43°C heating-needle stimulation was only depressed by naltrindole, as opposed to μ- and κ-opioid receptor antagonists, which failed to influence descending inhibition. The present study reveals distinct roles of μ-opioid receptors in the function of thalamic MD and VM nuclei,which exert facilitatory and inhibitory actions on nociception. Furthermore, innocuous, but not noxious, intramuscular heating-needle stimulation targeting δ-opioid receptors is suggested to be a promising avenue for the effective inhibition of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jun You
- Center for Biomedical Research on Pain (CBRP), College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jing Lei
- Center for Biomedical Research on Pain (CBRP), College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Gang Ye
- Department of Pain, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Fan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China
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20
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Wang G, Erpelding N, Davis KD. Sex differences in connectivity of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex. Pain 2014; 155:755-763. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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22
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Spinal distribution of c-Fos activated neurons expressing enkephalin in acute and chronic pain models. Brain Res 2014; 1543:83-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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Zeidan A, Mazoit JX, Ali Abdullah M, Maaliki H, Ghattas T, Saifan A. Median effective dose (ED₅₀) of paracetamol and morphine for postoperative pain: a study of interaction. Br J Anaesth 2013; 112:118-23. [PMID: 24157897 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aet306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paracetamol is widely used to treat postoperative pain and is well known for its morphine-sparing effect. Therefore, the effect of morphine-paracetamol combination can be synergistic, additive, or infra-additive. The primary aim of our study is to define the median effective analgesic doses (ED₅₀s) of paracetamol, morphine, and the combination of both. Also, the nature of the interaction for postoperative pain after moderately painful surgery using an up-and-down method and isobolographic analysis was determined. METHODS Ninety patients, undergoing moderately painful surgery, were included in one of the three groups. Determination of the median ED₅₀s was performed by the Dixon and Mood up-and-down method. Initial doses were 1.5 g and 5 mg, with dose adjustment intervals of 0.5 g and 1 mg, in the paracetamol and morphine groups, respectively. The initial doses of paracetamol and morphine were 1.5 g and 3 mg, in the paracetamol-morphine combination group with dose adjustment intervals of 0.25 g for paracetamol and 0.5 mg for morphine. Analgesic efficacy was defined as a reduction to or <3 on a 0-10 numeric rating scale, 45 min after the beginning of drug administration. Isobolographic analysis was used to define the nature of their interaction. RESULTS The median ED₅₀s of paracetamol and morphine were 2.1 g and 5 mg, respectively. The median ED₅₀ of the combination was 1.3 g for paracetamol and 2.7 mg for morphine. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that the combination of the paracetamol and morphine produces an additive analgesic effect. Clinical trial registration NCT01366313.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zeidan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Procare Riaya Hospital, Lebanese University, Sport City Road, PO Box 20425, Al-Khobar 31952, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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24
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Martel MO, Wasan AD, Jamison RN, Edwards RR. Catastrophic thinking and increased risk for prescription opioid misuse in patients with chronic pain. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013; 132:335-41. [PMID: 23618767 PMCID: PMC3745790 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a consequence of the substantial rise in the prescription of opioids for the treatment of chronic noncancer pain, greater attention has been paid to the factors that may be associated with an increased risk for prescription opioid misuse. Recently, a growing number of studies have shown that patients with high levels of catastrophizing are at increased risk for prescription opioid misuse. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to examine the variables that might underlie the association between catastrophizing and risk for prescription opioid misuse in patients with chronic pain. METHODS Patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain (n=115) were asked to complete the SOAPP-R, a validated self-report questionnaire designed to identify patients at risk for prescription opioid misuse. Patients were also asked to complete self-report measures of pain intensity, catastrophizing, anxiety, and depression. RESULTS Consistent with previous research, we found that catastrophizing was associated with an increased risk for prescription opioid misuse. Results also revealed that the association between catastrophizing and risk for opioid misuse was partially mediated by patients' levels of anxiety. Follow-up analyses, however, indicated that catastrophizing remained a significant 'unique' predictor of risk for opioid misuse even when controlling for patients' levels of pain severity, anxiety and depressive symptoms. DISCUSSION Discussion addresses the factors that might place patients with high levels of catastrophizing at increased risk for prescription opioid misuse. The implications of our findings for the management of patients considered for opioid therapy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- MO Martel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harvard Medical School, BWH Pain Management Center, 850 Boylston St. Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - AD Wasan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harvard Medical School, BWH Pain Management Center, 850 Boylston St. Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - RN Jamison
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harvard Medical School, BWH Pain Management Center, 850 Boylston St. Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - RR Edwards
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harvard Medical School, BWH Pain Management Center, 850 Boylston St. Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
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25
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Mahler DA, Gifford AH, Waterman LA, Ward J, Kraemer WJ, Kupchak BR, Harver A. Effect of increased blood levels of β-endorphin on perception of breathlessness. Chest 2013; 143:1378-1385. [PMID: 23715032 DOI: 10.1378/chest.12-1541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although opioid receptors are expressed broadly in the CNS and in peripheral sensory nerve endings including bronchioles and alveolar walls of the respiratory tract, it is unknown whether the modulatory effect of endogenous opioids on breathlessness occurs in the CNS or in the peripheral nervous system. The purpose of this investigation was to examine whether increased blood levels of β-endorphin modify breathlessness by a putative effect of binding to peripheral opioid receptors in the respiratory tract. METHODS Twenty patients with COPD (10 women and 10 men; age, 70 ± 8 years) inspired through resistances during practice sessions to identify an individualized target load that caused ratings of intensity and unpleasantness of breathlessness ≥ 50 mm on a 100-mm visual analog scale. At two interventions, blood levels of β-endorphin and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were measured, ketoconazole (600 mg) or placebo was administered orally, and patients rated the two dimensions of breathlessness each minute during resistive load breathing (RLB). RESULTS By inhibiting cortisol synthesis, ketoconazole led to significant increases in β-endorphin (mean change, 20% ± 4%) and ACTH (mean change, 21% ± 4%) compared with placebo. The intensity and unpleasantness ratings of breathlessness and the endurance time during RLB were similar in the two interventions. CONCLUSIONS The previously demonstrated modulatory effect of endogenous opioids on breathlessness appears to be mediated by binding to receptors within the CNS rather than to peripheral opioid receptors in the respiratory tract. An alternative explanation is that the magnitude of the β-endorphin response is inadequate to affect peripheral opioid receptors. TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT01378520; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Mahler
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lebanon, NH.
| | - Alex H Gifford
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lebanon, NH
| | - Laurie A Waterman
- Pulmonary Function and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Laboratories, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | - Joseph Ward
- Pulmonary Function and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Laboratories, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | - William J Kraemer
- Department of Kinesiology and the Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Brian R Kupchak
- Department of Kinesiology and the Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Andrew Harver
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC
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26
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Peng J, Sarkar S, Chang SL. Opioid receptor expression in human brain and peripheral tissues using absolute quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Drug Alcohol Depend 2012; 124:223-8. [PMID: 22356890 PMCID: PMC3366045 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The actions of endogenous opioid peptides are mediated by 3 main classes of opioid receptors; mu (MOR), kappa (KOR), and delta (DOR). METHODS We developed an absolute quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (AQ-rt-RT-PCR) assay to quantify MOR, DOR, and KOR mRNA in 22 human tissues. RESULTS MOR mRNA was greatly enriched (12-20×10(6)copies/μg) in the cerebellum, nucleus accumbens, and caudate nucleus; moderate (6×10(6)copies/μg) in the dorsal root ganglion, spinal cord, and adrenal gland; low (2×10(4)copies/μg) in the pancreas and small intestine; and absent in the lung, spleen, kidney, heart, skeletal muscle, liver, and thymus. High levels (>8.8×10(6)copies/μg) of DOR mRNA were expressed in the brain and dorsal root ganglion; moderate (1.5×10(6)copies/μg) in the adrenal gland and pancreas; low (2×10(4)-6.5×10(5)copies/μg in the cerebellum, spinal cord, small intestine, skeletal muscle, thymus, lung, and kidney); and very low (3.8×10(3)copies/μg) in the heart. DOR mRNA was not detected in the spleen or liver. KOR mRNA was moderate (1×10(6)copies/μg) in brain regions and dorsal root ganglion, but low (1.6-7×10(5)copies/μg) in the cerebellum, temporal lobe and all other peripheral tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that the AQ-rt-RT-PCR is a highly reproducible and precise method to study the expression of opioid receptors in various tissues and under different disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Peng
- Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Avenue, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
| | - Sraboni Sarkar
- Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Avenue, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
| | - Sulie L. Chang
- Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Avenue, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA,Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Avenue, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA,Correspondence to: Sulie L. Chang, 400 South Orange Avenue, South Orange, NJ 07079 USA. Tel: (973) 761-9456; FAX: (973) 275-2489;
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Harden RN, Song S, Fasen J, Saltz SL, Nampiaparampil D, Vo A, Revivo G. Home-based aerobic conditioning for management of symptoms of fibromyalgia: a pilot study. PAIN MEDICINE 2012; 13:835-42. [PMID: 22568761 DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2012.01384.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This pilot study was designed to evaluate the impact of a home-based aerobic conditioning program on symptoms of fibromyalgia and determine if changes in symptoms were related to quantitative changes in aerobic conditioning (VO(2) max). METHODS Twenty-six sedentary individuals diagnosed with fibromyalgia syndrome participated in an individualized 12-week home-based aerobic exercise program with the goal of daily aerobic exercise of 30 minutes at 80% of estimated maximum heart rate. The aerobic conditioning took place in the participants' homes, outdoors, or at local fitness clubs at the discretion of the individual under the supervision of a physical therapist. Patients were evaluated at baseline and completion for physiological level of aerobic conditioning (VO(2) max), pain ratings, pain disability, depression, and stress. RESULTS In this pilot study subjects who successfully completed the 12-week exercise program demonstrated an increase in aerobic conditioning, a trend toward decrease in pain measured by the McGill Pain Questionnaire-Short Form and a weak trend toward improvements in visual analog scale, depression, and perceived stress. Patients who were unable or unwilling to complete this aerobic conditioning program reported significantly greater pain and perceived disability (and a trend toward more depression) at baseline than those who completed the program. CONCLUSIONS Patients suffering from fibromyalgia who can participate in an aerobic conditioning program may experience physiological and psychological benefits, perhaps with improvement in symptoms of fibromyalgia, specifically pain ratings. More definitive trials are needed, and this pilot demonstrates the feasibility of the quantitative VO2 max method. Subjects who experience significant perceived disability and negative affective symptoms are not likely to maintain a home-based conditioning program, and may need a more comprehensive interdisciplinary program offering greater psychological and social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Norman Harden
- Center for Pain Studies, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Wilson AW, Medhurst SJ, Dixon CI, Bontoft NC, Winyard LA, Brackenborough KT, De Alba J, Clarke CJ, Gunthorpe MJ, Hicks GA, Bountra C, McQueen DS, Chessell IP. An animal model of chronic inflammatory pain: Pharmacological and temporal differentiation from acute models. Eur J Pain 2012; 10:537-49. [PMID: 16199187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2005.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2004] [Accepted: 08/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Clinically, inflammatory pain is far more persistent than that typically modelled pre-clinically, with the majority of animal models focussing on short-term effects of the inflammatory pain response. The large attrition rate of compounds in the clinic which show pre-clinical efficacy suggests the need for novel models of, or approaches to, chronic inflammatory pain if novel mechanisms are to make it to the market. A model in which a more chronic inflammatory hypersensitivity phenotype is profiled may allow for a more clinically predictive tool. The aims of these studies were to characterise and validate a chronic model of inflammatory pain. We have shown that injection of a large volume of adjuvant to the intra-articular space of the rat knee results in a prolonged inflammatory pain response, compared to the response in an acute adjuvant model. Additionally, this model also results in a hypersensitive state in the presence and absence of inflammation. A range of clinically effective analgesics demonstrate activity in this chronic model, including morphine (3mg/kg, t.i.d.), dexamethasone (1mg/kg, b.i.d.), ibuprofen (30mg/kg, t.i.d.), etoricoxib (5mg/kg, b.i.d.) and rofecoxib (0.3-10mg/kg, b.i.d.). A further aim was to exemplify the utility of this chronic model over the more acute intra-plantar adjuvant model using two novel therapeutic approaches; NR2B selective NMDA receptor antagonism and iNOS inhibition. Our data shows that different effects were observed with these therapies when comparing the acute model with the model of chronic inflammatory joint pain. These data suggest that the chronic model may be more relevant to identifying mechanisms for the treatment of chronic inflammatory pain states in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex W Wilson
- Department of Pain Research, Neurology and Gastrointestinal CEDD, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development Ltd., Harlow, Essex, UK.
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Multiparameter exploration of piperazine derivatives as δ-opioid receptor agonists for CNS indications. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:1169-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.11.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Dantzman CL, King MM, Ernst GE, Wang X, McCauley JP, Andisik DW, Brush K, Bui KH, Frietze W, Hoesch V, Liu J, Palmer WE, Spear N, Hudzik TJ, Wesolowski SS. 4-Piperidin-4-ylidenemethyl-benzamides as δ-opioid receptor agonists for CNS indications: Identifying clinical candidates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:1174-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.11.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Flurbiprofen axetil enhances analgesic effect of fentanyl associated with increase in β-endorphin levels. J Anesth 2011; 25:679-84. [PMID: 21725634 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-011-1192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the analgesic effect of preoperative administration of flurbiprofen axetil and that of postoperative administration of a combination of flurbiprofen axetil and fentanyl, as well as perioperative plasma β-endorphin (β-EP) levels in patients undergoing esophagectomy. METHODS Forty-five patients were randomly divided into three groups: group A: 100 mg flurbiprofen axetil preoperative, 10 μg/kg fentanyl + 10 ml placebo postoperative; group B: 100 mg flurbiprofen axetil preoperative, 10 μg/kg fentanyl + 100 mg flurbiprofen axetil postoperative; group C: 10 ml placebo preoperative, 10 μg/kg fentanyl + 10 ml placebo postoperative. Postoperative analgesia was achieved by intravenous infusion containing flurbiprofen axetil and/or fentanyl at 2.0 ml/h (total volume, 100 ml) using infusion pumps. The β-EP was measured at preanesthesia (T(1)), the end of surgery (T(2)), 24 h (T(3)), and 48 h (T(4)) after surgery. Visual analog scale scores (VAS) at T3, T4 (at rest), and rescue analgesic tramadol requirement was recorded. RESULTS The VAS of group B was significantly lower than group A and C (P < 0.01) at T(3) and T(4). The β-EP levels at T(2)-T(4) in group A did not differ significantly from those at T(1) (P > 0.05); however, the β-EP levels in group B at T(3)-T(4) increased significantly (P < 0.05), while those in group C increased at T(2) and decreased at T(4) (P < 0.05). The β-EP levels in group B at T(3) and T(4) were the highest as compared to its levels in groups A and C (P < 0.01). Tramadol consumption in group B was significantly lower than in groups A and C (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION These results show that flurbiprofen axetil enhances the analgesic effect of fentanyl associated with increase in β-EP levels.
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Qian Z, Baxendale IR, Ley SV. A continuous flow process using a sequence of microreactors with in-line IR analysis for the preparation of N,N-diethyl-4-(3-fluorophenylpiperidin-4-ylidenemethyl)benzamide as a potent and highly selective δ-opioid receptor agonist. Chemistry 2011; 16:12342-8. [PMID: 20859972 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the design, optimisation and development of a continuous flow synthesis of N,N-diethyl-4-(3-fluorophenylpiperidin-4-ylidenemethyl)benzamide, a potent δ-opioid receptor agonist developed by AstraZeneca. The process employs a sequence of flow-based microreactors, with integrated purification employing solid-supported reagents and in-line IR analytical protocols using a newly developed ReactIR flow cell. With this monitoring device, initiation of the fourth input flow stream can be precisely controlled during the synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizheng Qian
- Innovative Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
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Bai ZT, Liu T, Jiang F, Cheng M, Pang XY, Hua LM, Shi J, Zhou JJ, Shu XQ, Zhang JW, Ji YH. Phenotypes and peripheral mechanisms underlying inflammatory pain-related behaviors induced by BmK I, a modulator of sodium channels. Exp Neurol 2010; 226:159-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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The role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase on hypobaric hypoxiainduced antinociception in writhing test. Arch Pharm Res 2010; 33:1103-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-010-0717-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Towett PK, Kanui TI, Maloiy GMO, Juma F, Olongida Ole Miaron J. Activation of micro, delta or kappa opioid receptors by DAMGO, DPDPE, U-50488 or U-69593 respectively causes antinociception in the formalin test in the naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber). Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2008; 91:566-72. [PMID: 18929596 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2008.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Data available on the role of the opioid systems of the naked mole-rat in nociception is scanty and unique compared to that of other rodents. In the current study, the effect of DAMGO, DPDPE and U-50488 and U-69593 on formalin-induced (20 microl, 10%) nociception were investigated. Nociceptive-like behaviors were quantified by scoring in blocks of 5 min the total amount of time (s) the animal spent scratching/biting the injected paw in the early (0-5 min) and in the late (25-60 min) phase of the test. In both the early and late phases, administration of 1 or 5 mg/kg of DAMGO or DPDPE caused a naloxone-attenuated decrease in the mean scratching/biting time. U-50488 and U-69593 at all the doses tested did not significantly change the mean scratching/biting time in the early phase. However, in the late phase U-50488 or U-69593 at the highest doses tested (1 or 5 mg/kg or 0.025 or 0.05 mg/kg, respectively) caused a statistically significant and naloxone-attenuated decrease in the mean scratching/biting time. The data showed that mu, delta or kappa-selective opioids causes antinociception in the formalin test in this rodent, adding novel information on the role of opioid systems of the animal on pain regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philemon Kipkemoi Towett
- Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 00100-30197, Nairobi, Kenya.
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Characterization of the hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin gene and β-endorphin expression in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of mice elicited by inflammatory pain. Neuroscience 2008; 152:1054-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2007] [Revised: 06/25/2007] [Accepted: 06/27/2007] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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38
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Cheng B, Liu HW, Fu XB, Sheng ZY, Li JF. Coexistence and upregulation of three types of opioid receptors, mu, delta and kappa, in human hypertrophic scars. Br J Dermatol 2008; 158:713-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08449.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Singh N, Nolan TL, McCurdy CR. Chemical function-based pharmacophore development for novel, selective kappa opioid receptor agonists. J Mol Graph Model 2008; 27:131-9. [PMID: 18456526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2008.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Revised: 03/14/2008] [Accepted: 03/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to reduce or eliminate the centrally associated side effects produced by opioid analgesics there has been an interest in the preparation of peripherally acting opioid receptor agonists. These compounds would have very limited or no access to the central nervous system. As a first step towards developing peripheral kappa opioid receptor (KOP) agonists, we have developed a quantitatively predictive chemical function-based pharmacophore model of selective kappa opioid receptor agonists by using the HypoGen algorithm implemented in the Catalyst software. The input for HypoGen was a training set of 26 KOP agonists exhibiting K(i) values ranging between 0.015nM and 2300nM. The best output hypothesis consists of four features: one hydrophobic (HYD), one ring aromatic (RA), one hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), and one positive ionizable (PI) function. The predictive power of the model could be demonstrated by internal and external validation of the generated hypothesis. The resulting Catalyst pharmacophore can be used concurrently for rapid virtual screening of chemical databases to identify novel, selective KOP agonists that may be easily restricted to target tissues by synthetic modification. It is anticipated that such an approach will lead to the generation of novel selective KOP agonists that are clinically useful for the treatment of pain through peripheral mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Laboratory for Applied Drug Design and Synthesis, The University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
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40
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Martindale JC, Wilson AW, Reeve AJ, Chessell IP, Headley PM. Chronic secondary hypersensitivity of dorsal horn neurones following inflammation of the knee joint. Pain 2007; 133:79-86. [PMID: 17467170 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2007.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2006] [Revised: 02/06/2007] [Accepted: 03/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Intra-articular injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) into the rat knee joint produces a swelling of the joint and long lasting hypersensitivity. In this study we have used this model and in vivo electrophysiology to investigate the time course of spinal changes underlying chronic secondary hypersensitivity, by stimulating the ankle joint (an area outside the site of primary hypersensitivity), and have compared the results with behavioural data from the same population of animals at 4-8, 13-17 and 55-59 days following FCA injection. The magnitude of responses and the proportion of dorsal horn neurones receiving inputs from A beta- A delta- and C-fibre afferents were monitored. At all time points, there was a significant increase in the ongoing activity of deep dorsal horn neurones when compared to nai ve rats, correlating well with the behavioural hypersensitivity. Both the magnitude of neuronal responses, and the proportion of neurones responding to electrical or mechanical stimulation in an area of secondary hypersensitivity, were significantly increased 4-8 and 13-17 days following FCA injection. However, while there was still behavioural hypersensitivity at 55-59 days there was a substantial decline in the responses to mechanical stimulation and A-fibre responses to electrical stimulation, although the proportion of neurones responding in the C-fibre latency remained elevated. These results suggest that the behavioural hypersensitivity is due to hyperexcitability at the level of the dorsal horn reflected as an increase of both C-fibre responses and spontaneous activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Martindale
- Pain Research, Neurology and GI Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, UK.
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41
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Abstract
This article summarizes the evidence for two major clinical syndromes of muscle pain: fibromyalgia and myofascial pain syndrome. The evidence for diagnostic and treatment approaches is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harden R Norman
- Center for Pain Studies, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, 446 E. Ontario St, Suite 1011, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Grau JW, Crown ED, Ferguson AR, Washburn SN, Hook MA, Miranda RC. Instrumental learning within the spinal cord: underlying mechanisms and implications for recovery after injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 5:191-239. [PMID: 17099112 DOI: 10.1177/1534582306289738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Using spinally transected rats, research has shown that neurons within the L4-S2 spinal cord are sensitive to response-outcome (instrumental) relations. This learning depends on a form of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-mediated plasticity. Instrumental training enables subsequent learning, and this effect has been linked to the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Rats given uncontrollable stimulation later exhibit impaired instrumental learning, and this deficit lasts up to 48 hr. The induction of the deficit can be blocked by prior training with controllable shock, the concurrent presentation of a tonic stimulus that induces antinociception, or pretreatment with an NMDA or gamma-aminobutyric acid-A antagonist. The expression of the deficit depends on a kappa opioid. Uncontrollable stimulation enhances mechanical reactivity (allodynia), and treatments that induce allodynia (e.g., inflammation) inhibit learning. In intact animals, descending serotonergic neurons exert a protective effect that blocks the adverse consequences of uncontrollable stimulation. Uncontrollable, but not controllable, stimulation impairs the recovery of function after a contusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Grau
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4235, USA.
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43
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Wang T, Tian FZ, Cai ZH, Li X, Cheng T, Shi L, Cheng Q. Ultrasonic interventional analgesia in pancreatic carcinoma with chemical destruction of celiac ganglion. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:3288-91. [PMID: 16718854 PMCID: PMC4087977 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i20.3288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To detect the therapeutic effects of chemical destruction of celiac ganglion in patients with pancreatic carcinoma with intractable pain.
METHODS: Ninety-seven cases with advanced pancreatic carcinoma received chemical destruction of celiac ganglion-5 mL pure alcohol injection around celiac artery under ultrasonic guidance. The changes of visual analogue scale (VAS), serum substance P (Sub P), β-endopeptide (β-EP) and T-lymphocyte subtypes level were compared between pre- and post-therapy.
RESULTS: Successful rate of puncture was 98.7%, with one failure. No serious complications such as traumatic pancreatitis, pancreatic fistula, abdominal cavity hemorrhage or peritoneal infection occurred. VAS, serum Sub P and β-EP level significantly changed after treatment (8.0 ± 2.3 vs 4.6 ± 2.1, 254.1 ± 96.7 vs 182.4 ± 77.6, 3.2 ± 0.8 vs 8.8 ± 2.1, P < 0.01, P < 0.05, P < 0.01) with complete relief rate 54.2%, partial relief rate 21.9%, ineffective rate 12.5% and recurrent rate 10.7%. The T-lymphocyte subtypes level remarkably increased when compared with that of pre-therapy (46.7 ± 3.7 vs 62.5 ± 5.5, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that chemical destruction of celiac ganglion under ultrasonic guidance is highly safe, and can evidently relieve cancer pain and improve the cellular immunity in patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of The General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command Area, Chengdu, Tianhui Town, 610085, Sichuan Province, China.
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Takemura M, Sugiyo S, Moritani M, Kobayashi M, Yonehara N. Mechanisms of orofacial pain control in the central nervous system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 69:79-100. [PMID: 16819148 DOI: 10.1679/aohc.69.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the study of pain have revealed somatotopic- and modality-dependent processing and the integration of nociceptive signals in the brain and spinal cord. This review summarizes the uniqueness of the trigeminal sensory nucleus (TSN) in structure and function as it relates to orofacial pain control. The oral nociceptive signal is primarily processed in the rostral TSN above the obex, the nucleus principalis (Vp), and the subnuclei oralis (SpVo) and interpolaris (SpVi), while secondarily processed in the subnucleus caudalis (SpVc). In contrast, the facial nociceptive signal is primarily processed in the SpVc. The neurons projecting to the thalamus are localized mostly in the Vp, moderately in the SpVi, and modestly in the ventrolateral SpVo and the SpVc. Orofacial sensory inputs are modulated in many different ways: by interneurons in the TSN proper, through reciprocal connection between the TSN and rostral ventromedial medulla, and by the cerebral cortex. A wide variety of neuroactive substances, including substance P, gamma-aminobutyric acid, serotonin and nitric oxide (NO) could be involved in the modulatory functions of these curcuits. The earliest expression of NO synthase (NOS) in the developing rat brain is observed in a discrete neuronal population in the SpVo at embryonic day 15. NOS expression in the SpVc is late at postnatal day 10. The neurons receiving intraoral signals are intimately related with the sensorimotor reflexive function through the SpVo. In summary, a better understanding of the trigeminal sensory system--which differs from the spinal system--will help to find potential therapeutic targets and lend to developing new analgesics for orofacial-specific pain with high efficacy and fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohide Takemura
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan.
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45
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Zubrzycka M, Janecka A. Effects of centrally administered vasopressin on orofacial pain perception in rats. Brain Res 2005; 1051:112-6. [PMID: 15993385 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2004] [Revised: 05/25/2005] [Accepted: 05/27/2005] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Vasopressin (AVP) appears in the cerebrospinal fluid and plays an important role in nociceptive modulation in the central nervous system. The effect of increased concentration of AVP in the cerebrospinal fluid on the excitability of the hypoglossal nerve nucleus was investigated. The experiments were carried out on rats under chloralose anesthesia. Amplitudes of the retractory evoked tongue jerks (ETJ) of the outstretched tongue during the perfusion of cerebral ventricles with solutions containing AVP or its antagonists and also opioid and serotonin antagonists were recorded. Perfusion of the ventricles with AVP in 100 microM concentration suppressed the ETJ amplitude to 66 +/- 3.83%, and in 200 microM concentration, to 53 +/- 3.18% of the control. V1 vasopressin receptor antagonist, d(CH2)5,Tyr(Me)AVP, blocked the suppressive effect caused by cerebral ventricle perfusion with AVP from 64 +/- 4.11% to 83 +/- 1.58%, whereas V2 vasopressin receptor antagonist, d(CH2)5[Ile2, Ile4]AVP, did not block the antinociceptive effect of AVP. Analgesic effect of AVP was also inhibited by opioid and serotonin receptor antagonists, naloxone and methysergide, respectively. Naloxone blocked the suppressive effect of 100 microM AVP from 64 +/- 5.63% to 92 +/- 3.70% and methysergide from 65 +/- 3.62% to 80 +/- 2.72% of the control. The results indicate that exogenous AVP plays an antinociceptive role in the brain of rats penetrating the lining of the cerebral ventricles into the cerebrospinal fluid and exerting a modulating effect on the tongue motor center situated near III and IV cerebral ventricle. V1 vasopressin receptor, but not V2 vasopressin receptor, is involved in this activity in the CNS. The antinociception of AVP seems to be mediated by opioid and serotonergic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zubrzycka
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, Poland.
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46
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Salemi S, Aeschlimann A, Reisch N, Jüngel A, Gay RE, Heppner FL, Michel BA, Gay S, Sprott H. Detection of kappa and delta opioid receptors in skin--outside the nervous system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 338:1012-7. [PMID: 16263089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2005] [Accepted: 10/07/2005] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Opioid receptors (OR) are widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). Opioid antinociception might be initiated by activation of OR outside the CNS, indicating targeting of peripheral OR could be useful in the treatment of chronic pain. This study was designed to detect OR in skin tissues of healthy volunteers at both mRNA and protein levels. Skin samples from 10 healthy individuals were investigated. Total isolated RNAs were reverse transcribed, amplified and quantified by real-time PCR. Tissue and skin fibroblast OR protein was detected by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. All skin tissue samples expressed delta- (DOR) and kappa-OR (KOR) mRNAs. Using immunohistochemistry, DOR and KOR were localized in skin fibroblast-like and mononuclear cells. Skin fibroblasts in culture expressed DOR and KOR mRNA. Using immunofluorescence, both DOR and KOR proteins were expressed predominantly on the cell membrane with minor staining in the cytoplasm. We suggest that enhanced expression of DOR and KOR in skin justifies the exploration of selective novel delta and kappa agonists for local pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souzan Salemi
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Physical Medicine, University Hospital, Gloriastrasse 25, Zurich, Switzerland
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47
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Zubrzycka M, Fichna J, Janecka A. Inhibition of trigemino-hypoglossal reflex in rats by oxytocin is mediated by μ and κ opioid receptors. Brain Res 2005; 1035:67-72. [PMID: 15713278 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies showed that oxytocin plays an important role in the modulation of pain at different levels of the central nervous system. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of oxytocin on trigemino-hypoglossal reflex in rats. With the experimental settings used in this study, we have demonstrated that oxytocin showed significant analgesic effect after intracerebroventricular administration in rats, as assayed by the amplitude of the retractory movements of the tongue after tooth pulp stimulation. Antinociceptive effect of oxytocin was inhibited by subsequent perfusion of cerebral ventricles with oxytocin antagonist, [deamino-Cys1-D-Tyr(OEt)2-Thr4-Orn8]-oxytocin, atosiban. An involvement of opioid system in the oxytocin-induced analgesia was studied after intracerebroventricular administration of different opioid antagonists: non-selective naloxone, mu-selective beta-funaltrexamine, delta-selective naltrindole, and kappa-selective nor-binaltorphimine. It was shown that inhibition of antinociceptive effects was mediated through mu and kappa opioid receptors, indicating that there is a synergy between oxytocin and opioid systems in transmitting and modulating pain stimuli. Co-administration of oxytocin and a mu-selective endogenous opioid ligand endomorphin-2 did not significantly increase the antinociceptive activity of endomorphin-2.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Interactions
- Electric Stimulation
- Hormone Antagonists/pharmacology
- Male
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Neural Inhibition/drug effects
- Neural Networks, Computer
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Oxytocin/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Long-Evans
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/physiology
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/physiology
- Reflex/drug effects
- Tongue/drug effects
- Tongue/innervation
- Tongue/physiology
- Trigeminal Nerve/drug effects
- Trigeminal Nerve/physiology
- Vasotocin/analogs & derivatives
- Vasotocin/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zubrzycka
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz 92-215 Lodz, ul. Mazowiecka 6/8 Poland
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48
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You HJ, Colpaert FC, Arendt-Nielsen L. The novel analgesic and high-efficacy 5-HT1A receptor agonist F 13640 inhibits nociceptive responses, wind-up, and after-discharges in spinal neurons and withdrawal reflexes. Exp Neurol 2005; 191:174-83. [PMID: 15589524 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2004] [Revised: 07/26/2004] [Accepted: 08/31/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Evidence shows that serotonin (5-HT) is involved in the transmission of nociception in the central nervous system. Using a new electrophysiological method of simultaneous recordings in rats we examined the actions of the novel analgesic and high-efficacy 5-HT1A receptor agonist F 13640 as well as those of the opioid receptor agonist fentanyl on simultaneously evoked responses of spinal dorsal horn (DH) wide-dynamic range (WDR) neurons and spinal withdrawal reflexes. Spinal withdrawal reflexes were studied by assessing the activity of single motor units (SMUs) electromyographically (EMG). Like that of 0.02 mg/kg fentanyl, intraperitoneal injection of 0.31 mg/kg of F 13640 markedly inhibited nociceptive pinch-evoked responses as well as C-fiber-mediated late responses including wind-up of both DH WDR neurons and SMUs to suprathreshold (1.5 x T) repeated (3 Hz) electrical stimulation. Specifically, in contrast to no significant depressive effects by fentanyl on 20 Hz electrically evoked after-discharge of DH WDR neurons, the after-discharges of DH WDR neurons and SMUs were significantly inhibited by F 13640 (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). The inhibitory effects of F 13640 and fentanyl on responses of DH WDR neurons and SMUs were reversed by the specific antagonists WAY 100635 and naloxone, respectively, further indicating that this 5-HT1A receptor-modulated anti-nociception is mu-opioid receptor independent. For the first time, 5-HT1A receptors are clearly proved to be involved in the progressive wind-up to 3-Hz frequency of electrical stimulation as well as after-discharges of sensory input of DH WDR neurons, and simultaneously recorded motor output of spinal reflexes to 20-Hz frequency of electrical stimulation; this suggests that serotonin, through 5-HT1A receptors, exerts an inhibitory role in the control of obstinate pathological pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jun You
- Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Laboratory for Experimental Pain Research Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
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49
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Joynes RL, Janjua K, Grau JW. Instrumental learning within the spinal cord: VI. The NMDA receptor antagonist, AP5, disrupts the acquisition and maintenance of an acquired flexion response. Behav Brain Res 2004; 154:431-8. [PMID: 15313031 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2004.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2002] [Revised: 03/12/2004] [Accepted: 03/12/2004] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies have shown that circuits within the spinal cord can support a simple form of instrumental learning. Spinally transected rats are given shock to one hind leg whenever the leg is extended. This response-outcome contingency causes an increase in flexion duration. The present experiments examine whether the NMDA receptor is involved in the acquisition and maintenance of this instrumental response. Experiment 1 showed that the NMDA receptor antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate acid (AP5) reduces instrumental responding in a dose-dependent fashion. Experiment 2 showed that AP5 given after training eliminates the increase in flexion duration. The results implicate the NMDA receptor in the acquisition and maintenance of spinally mediated instrumental behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin L Joynes
- Department of Psychology, Kent State University, 118 Kent Hall, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
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50
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Patton BC, Hook MA, Ferguson AR, Crown ED, Grau JW. The behavioral deficit observed following noncontingent shock in spinalized rats is prevented by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Behav Neurosci 2004; 118:653-8. [PMID: 15174945 DOI: 10.1037/0735-7044.118.3.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Spinalized rats that receive shock when 1 hind limb is extended (contingent shock) exhibit an increase in flexion duration, a simple form of instrumental learning. Rats that receive shock independent of leg position (noncontingent shock) do not exhibit an increase in flexion duration and fail to learn when tested with contingent shock 24 hr later. It appears that noncontingent shock induces an intraspinal modification that inhibits the capacity to learn. The authors propose that the mechanisms that underlie this effect depend on de novo protein synthesis. To evaluate this hypothesis, the authors gave spinalized rats the protein synthesis inhibitor Cycloheximide (CXM) or saline intrathecally prior to, or immediately after, noncontingent shock exposure. Twenty-four hours later, rats were tested with contingent shock. Rats that received the vehicle and noncontingent shock failed to learn. CXM-treated shocked rats learned normally, suggesting that the learning deficit depends on protein synthesis within the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne C Patton
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4235, USA
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