1
|
Medina JC, Zettler HR. Multisubstance-Using Probationers and the Odds of Arrest While in the Community. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2020; 64:818-839. [PMID: 31878808 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x19895975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Failed drug tests commonly lead to technical violations and revocation hearings for probationers. The current study extends these observations by examining whether multisubstance-using probationers also have increased odds of arrest in the community. This is important as multisubstance-using probationers may present unique public safety challenges to community corrections agencies and require intensive treatment resources and additional monitoring. Using data from a county-level probation cohort (N = 2,257) from 2009 to 2010, a series of logistic regression analyses estimated the effects of multisubstance use on the odds of being arrested for a new offense while in the community. The findings revealed that multisubstance use and the frequency of multisubstance use increased the odds of arrest while on probation when compared with single-substance users. We discuss how agencies may best supervise multisubstance-using probationers and suggest directions for further examination.
Collapse
|
2
|
Czermainski FR, Lopes FM, Ornell F, Pinto Guimarães LS, Von Diemen L, Kessler F, Martins de Almeida RM. Concurrent Use of Alcohol and Crack Cocaine is Associated with High Levels of Anger and Liability to Aggression. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:1660-1666. [PMID: 32519554 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2020.1756850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate aggressiveness in individuals receiving treatment for alcohol and crack cocaine use, both alone and in combination with one another, in order to compare them to control subjects with no history of drug problems, using the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Method: The sample consisted of 67 men aged 18-65 years, divided into four groups: alcohol (n = 13); crack cocaine (n = 25); crack cocaine + alcohol (n = 16) and controls (n = 13). Participants completed the following instruments: socioeconomic questionnaire, the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Results: Individuals with alcohol dependence alone, or comorbid with crack cocaine dependence, showed elevated levels of aggression and anger, though these varied according to the drug of abuse. Concurrent users of alcohol and crack cocaine had the highest levels of aggression, followed by isolated alcohol users, suggesting an association between alcohol consumption and aggression. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that alcohol and aggression levels may be associated with violent behavior. Concurrent use of alcohol and crack cocaine was related to higher levels of aggression, which may be associated with more severe alterations in behavior and impulse control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Felipe Ornell
- Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Lisia Von Diemen
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felix Kessler
- Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Narvaez JCM, Jansen K, Pinheiro RT, Kapczinski F, Silva RA, Pechansky F, Magalhães PV. Psychiatric and substance-use comorbidities associated with lifetime crack cocaine use in young adults in the general population. Compr Psychiatry 2014; 55:1369-76. [PMID: 24933652 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between lifetime crack cocaine use and psychiatric (post-traumatic stress disorder, current depression, current dysthymia, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder with agoraphobia, social phobia, as well as SRQ scores and suicide risk) and substance-use disorders (tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, amphetamine, inhalants, sedatives, hallucinogens and opioids) in youth in the general population of the city of Pelotas, RS. METHOD This was a cross-sectional population-based study, involving 1560 participants between 18 and 24 ears old. Lifetime substance use and abuse were investigated using the ASSIST inventory. Psychiatric comorbidities were assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and symptoms of common mental disorders were evaluated with the Self-Reported Questionnaire (SRQ). RESULTS The prevalence of lifetime crack cocaine use in the sample was 2.5%. Its use was associated with total SRW scores and the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder, antisocial personality disorder and suicide risk in the final regression model. Tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, amphetamine and cocaine dependence were also associated with lifetime use of crack cocaine. DISCUSSION Youth with a history of crack cocaine use had a higher prevalence of psychiatric conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as an increased risk of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, amphetamine and inhalant use and dependence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana C M Narvaez
- National Institute for Translational Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Karen Jansen
- Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ricardo T Pinheiro
- Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Flávio Kapczinski
- National Institute for Translational Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Silva
- Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Flávio Pechansky
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pedro V Magalhães
- National Institute for Translational Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
McCabe BE, Feaster DJ, Mitrani VB. Health correlates of co-occurring substance use for women with HIV in cocaine use recovery. Addict Behav 2014; 39:725-8. [PMID: 24368003 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of this study was to examine clinical correlates of alcohol, opioid, cannabis, sedative, or other co-occurring substance use disorders in a sample of 124 HIV+ women in recovery from cocaine use disorders. METHODS Data was collected from a baseline assessment for a randomized trial comparing a family therapy intervention to a health promotion group intervention. Substance use disorders were assessed with a computer-administered structured diagnostic interview. Psychological distress was measured with the Brief Symptom Inventory. Sleep problems were measured with the Short Sleep Index from the Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Rating Scales. Pain was assessed with items from the Medical Outcomes Study-HIV scale. HIV health was assessed with blood tests for T-cell count and HIV Viral Load Suppression, as well as a nurse-administered symptom assessment. RESULTS Women with a co-occurring opioid use disorder were significantly more likely to have psychological distress and sleep problems, but less likely to have severe pain. Even though there was no difference in T-cell count or Viral Load, women with opioid use disorder were significantly more likely to have high HIV symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Women in recovery with HIV who have co-occurring cocaine use and opioid use disorders were more likely to have several indicators of worse mental and physical health. Interventions may need to be tailored to meet the needs of this subgroup of women. Future research should examine whether these co-occurring conditions are associated with greater likelihood of relapse or poor treatment response, and whether this higher-risk profile exists in other groups.
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang QL, Liu ZM. Characteristics of psychopathology and the relationship between routes of drug administration and psychiatric symptoms in heroin addicts. Subst Abus 2012; 33:130-7. [PMID: 22489585 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2011.630945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the characteristics of comorbid psychiatric symptoms and the relationship between different routes of drug administration and psychiatric symptoms. Five hundred and nine heroin addicts were studied in Drug Detoxification and Rehabilitation Centers in Yunnan and Heilongjiang provinces of China. The measure instrument, including demographic characteristics, history of drug abuse, and the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) scale (Chinese version), was administered to eligible heroin addicts. Among the subjects, comorbid psychopathology conditions were more severe on all dimensions of SCL-90 comparing with normal adults and the average score of Depression was highest among the 9 dimensions in heroin addicts; psychiatric symptoms were more severe in heroin injecting group than in "chasing the dragon" group and only the difference in Obsessive-Compulsive was significant, but more significant differences were found between snorting heroin addicts and chasing or injecting heroin addicts, and the average score of each dimension of SCL-90 was higher in the snorting group than in the other 2 groups. The reasons of the results and meaning for the present study are discussed. In summary, comorbid psychiatric symptoms in the heroin addicts were very common and severe and their severity varied with different routes of drug administration, suggesting that routes of drug administration should be considered as an important risk factor to mental health of heroin addicts.
Collapse
|
6
|
Yamini D, Basseri B, Chee GM, Arakelyan A, Enayati P, Tran TT, Poordad F. Tobacco and other factors have a negative impact on quality of life in hepatitis C patients. J Viral Hepat 2011; 18:714-20. [PMID: 20723039 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2010.01361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is known to adversely affect general, social, emotional and mental health domains. This study was designed to identify variables that may be associated with these measurable outcomes. We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective review of demographic and clinical data from 800 patients with HCV evaluated between January 1998 and November 2007. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire filled out by the patients at the first encounter. Variables evaluated included fibrosis stages (i.e. FS0/1/2 vs FS3/4), demographics, comorbid health conditions, tobacco and alcohol use, high-risk social behaviours and laboratory data. Variables assessed were depression, fatigue, problems sleeping and loss of interest in sex. Statistical analysis was performed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Depression (29.3%) in our HCV study population was associated with female gender, tobacco use, hyperlipidemia, history of heavy alcohol use and intravenous drug use. Fatigue (44.6%) was associated with end-stage renal disease, past and current tobacco use and current alcohol use. Difficulty sleeping (13.8%) was associated with past and current tobacco use, current alcohol use and diabetes. Loss of interest in sex (7.7%) was associated with current tobacco use, multiple risk factors for HCV and age at time of evaluation. Fibrosis stage (FS) also had a significant positive association with alcohol use (OR 2.61; P = 0.003) and tobacco use (OR 2.00; P = 0.002). Smoking and alcohol use have a significant negative impact on the presence of depression, fatigue, difficulty sleeping and loss of interest in sex in HCV patients. Practitioners should be aware of these associations, particularly tobacco use, which significantly and negatively impacted every variable evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Yamini
- Hepatology Section, Division of Gastroenterology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Martinotti G, Carli V, Tedeschi D, Di Giannantonio M, Roy A, Janiri L, Sarchiapone M. Mono- and polysubstance dependent subjects differ on social factors, childhood trauma, personality, suicidal behaviour, and comorbid Axis I diagnoses. Addict Behav 2009; 34:790-3. [PMID: 19446962 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Revised: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to examine the clinical correlates of polysubstance dependence. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Seven hundred and fifty two substance-dependent subjects were interviewed with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, the Brown-Goodwin Assessment for Lifetime History of Aggression (BGLHA), and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Subjects completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), and Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS). Subjects found to have polysubstance dependence were compared with subjects with monosubstance dependence. RESULTS Polysubstance dependence was found in 48.3% of the subjects. Subjects with polysubstance dependence were significantly younger, more were separated/divorced and unemployed, and they had significantly higher CTQ scores for childhood emotional and physical neglect, higher EPQ psychoticism scores, higher BGLHA aggression scores, and higher BIS impulsivity scores. Significantly more of the polysubstance dependent subjects had attempted suicide, self-mutilated, and exhibited aggressive behavior. Significantly more monosubstance dependent subjects had an Axis I psychiatric disorder and they had higher HDRS depression scores. CONCLUSIONS Polysubstance dependence is common among the groups studied and may be associated with certain socio-demographic, developmental, and personality factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Martinotti
- Institute of Psychiatry, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chutuape MA, Jasinski DR, Fingerhood MI, Stitzer ML. ONE-, THREE-, AND SIX-MONTH OUTCOMES AFTER BRIEF INPATIENT OPIOID DETOXIFICATION. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2009; 27:19-44. [PMID: 11373035 DOI: 10.1081/ada-100103117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate short-term outcomes of a 3-day inpatient medical detoxification. Heroin abusers (n = 116; 66% male, 77% African-American, X = 38 years old), completed the Addiction Severity Index during detoxification, and at 1, 3, and 6 months after detoxification; 94.5% of the postdetoxification interviews were completed. During the 30 days before detoxification, mean days of self-reported use for heroin was 28, for cocaine 19, and for alcohol 14; a mean of $1,975 was spent on drugs. Across the postdetoxification interviews, mean days of reported heroin use ranged from 11 to 14; 21-30% of patients reported no heroin use, whereas 25-36% reported almost daily use. Reported use of cocaine and alcohol showed similar reductions from pre- to postdetoxification. Reports of heroin and cocaine abstinence were generally verified through urine tests. Other psychosocial factors improved as well from pre- to postdetoxification (e.g., employment increased and needle use decreased). During the 6-month evaluation, at least 41% reported engaging in formal inpatient or outpatient treatment; another 25-33% reported attending self-help groups. Engaging in formal treatment (at least 7 days duration) was associated with significantly better outcome. Nevertheless, pre- to postdetoxification changes were significant and robust for the entire study sample. These findings demonstrate that brief inpatient detoxification is followed by reduced drug use over several months and is accompanied by substantial treatment-seeking behavior. Thus brief detoxification may serve as an effective harm-reduction intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Chutuape
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cooper HLF, Brady JE, Friedman SR, Tempalski B, Gostnell K, Flom PL. Estimating the prevalence of injection drug use among black and white adults in large U.S. metropolitan areas over time (1992--2002): estimation methods and prevalence trends. J Urban Health 2008; 85:826-56. [PMID: 18709555 PMCID: PMC2587642 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-008-9304-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
No adequate data exist on patterns of injection drug use (IDU) prevalence over time within racial/ethnic groups in U.S. geographic areas. The absence of such prevalence data limits our understanding of the causes and consequences of IDU and hampers planning efforts for IDU-related interventions. Here, we (1) describe a method of estimating IDU prevalence among non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White adult residents of 95 large U.S. metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) annually over an 11-year period (1992--2002); (2) validate the resulting prevalence estimates; and (3) document temporal trends in these prevalence estimates. IDU prevalence estimates for Black adults were calculated in several steps: we (1) created estimates of the proportion of injectors who were Black in each MSA and year by analyzing databases documenting injectors' encounters with the healthcare system; (2) multiplied the resulting proportions by previously calculated estimates of the total number of injectors in each MSA and year (Brady et al., 2008); (3) divided the result by the number of Black adults living in each MSA each year; and (4) validated the resulting estimates by correlating them cross-sectionally with theoretically related constructs (Black- and White-specific prevalences of drug-related mortality and of mortality from hepatitis C). We used parallel methods to estimate and validate White IDU prevalence. We analyzed trends in the resulting racial/ethnic-specific IDU prevalence estimates using measures of central tendency and hierarchical linear models (HLM). Black IDU prevalence declined from a median of 279 injectors per 10,000 adults in 1992 to 156 injectors per 10,000 adults in 2002. IDU prevalence for White adults remained relatively flat over time (median values ranged between 86 and 97 injectors per 10,000 adults). HLM analyses described similar trends and suggest that declines in Black IDU prevalence decelerated over time. Both sets of IDU estimates correlated cross-sectionally adequately with validators, suggesting that they have acceptable convergent validity (range for Black IDU prevalence validation: 0.27 < r < 0.61; range for White IDU prevalence: 0.38 < r < 0.80). These data give insight, for the first time, into IDU prevalence trends among Black adults and White adults in large U.S. MSAs. The decline seen here for Black adults may partially explain recent reductions in newly reported cases of IDU-related HIV evident in surveillance data on this population. Declining Black IDU prevalence may have been produced by (1) high AIDS-related mortality rates among Black injectors in the 1990s, rates lowered by the advent of HAART; (2) reduced IDU incidence among Black drug users; and/or (3) MSA-level social processes (e.g., diminishing residential segregation). The stability of IDU prevalence among White adults between 1992 and 2002 may be a function of lower AIDS-related mortality rates in this population; relative stability (and perhaps increases in some MSAs) in initiating IDU among White drug users; and social processes. Future research should investigate the extent to which these racial/ethnic-specific IDU prevalence trends (1) explain, and are explained by, recent trends in IDU-related health outcomes, and (2) are determined by MSA-level social processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L F Cooper
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Barry D, Weinstock J, Petry NM. Ethnic differences in HIV risk behaviors among methadone-maintained women receiving contingency management for cocaine use disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend 2008; 98:144-53. [PMID: 18684571 PMCID: PMC2614896 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2008] [Revised: 06/12/2008] [Accepted: 06/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify ethnic differences in HIV risk behaviors among cocaine using women receiving methadone maintenance for opioid dependence, and to evaluate the efficacy of contingency management (CM) for cocaine use disorders in reducing HIV risk behaviors. METHODS African American (N=47), Hispanic (N=47), and White women (N=29) were randomized to standard methadone treatment or standard methadone treatment plus a CM intervention. They completed the HIV Risk Behavior Scale (HRBS) indicating frequency of drug use and sexual behaviors across the lifetime, in the month before baseline, and in the 3 months following clinical trial participation. Ethnic group differences and the effect of CM on change in HIV risk behaviors between baseline and follow-up were evaluated. RESULTS White women reported significantly higher lifetime rates of risky drug use and sexual behaviors on the HRBS than African American women; neither group differed significantly from Hispanic women. No ethnic group differences in HIV risk behaviors were identified in the month prior to baseline. At follow-up, African American women reported fewer high-risk drug use behaviors than White or Hispanic women, and Hispanic women reported more high-risk sexual behaviors than White or African American women. CM was associated with reduction in high-risk drug use behaviors regardless of ethnicity, but did not affect high-risk sexual behaviors. CONCLUSIONS White women receiving methadone maintenance engage in more lifetime HIV risk behaviors than African American women. CM for cocaine use reduces risky drug use behaviors, but certain ethnic groups may benefit from additional targeted HIV prevention efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Barry
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, United States
| | - Jeremiah Weinstock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, United States
| | - Nancy M. Petry
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Woodward AM, Raskin IE, Blacklow B. A profile of the substance abuse treatment industry: organization, costs, and treatment completion. Subst Use Misuse 2008; 43:647-79. [PMID: 18393082 DOI: 10.1080/10826080601096640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Nationally representative data from the Alcohol and Drug Services Study, conducted between 1996 and 1999, are used to explore the structure and operation of the substance user treatment industry in the United States. The empirical relationship among client (N=4945) retention and completion, types and use of counseling and medical personnel, diagnostic mix, client demographics, the level of services used, and the cost of treatment in different treatment settings is discussed using tabular presentation and tests of significance. Limitations of the analysis are outlined. This information and analysis are expected to help the research community understand the potential of the ADSS data in addressing many important questions about substance user treatment.
Collapse
|
12
|
Marcellin F, Préau M, Ravaux I, Dellamonica P, Spire B, Carrieri MP. Self-reported fatigue and depressive symptoms as main indicators of the quality of life (QOL) of patients living with HIV and Hepatitis C: implications for clinical management and future research. HIV CLINICAL TRIALS 2007; 8:320-7. [PMID: 17956833 DOI: 10.1310/hct0805-320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the impact of self-reported fatigue and depressive symptoms on the quality of life (QOL) of patients co-infected with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) not receiving anti-HCV therapy. METHOD We used data from a cross-sectional survey conducted among 115 co-infected adults including an assessment of QOL (WHOQOL-HIV bref questionnaire), depressive symptomatology (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale [CES-D]), and fatigue (Fatigue Impact Scale [FIS]). RESULTS Eighty-four percent of patients had been infected through injecting drug use (IDU). Half reported a history of depression or other psychiatric co-morbidities, 57% presented depressive symptoms, and 69% reported fatigue. FIS and CES-D scores accounted for 54% and 66% of total variance in psychological QOL and level of independence-related QOL, respectively, in a multivariate analysis adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and alcohol or drug use. High FIS scores were independently associated with impaired physical QOL and social relationships, whereas high CES-D scores were independently associated with lower environmental QOL. CONCLUSION Self-reported fatigue and depressive symptoms are the best indicators of co-infected patients' QOL. These two indicators could be more easily used for a better clinical management of co-infected patients and also introduced as patient outcome measures in clinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Marcellin
- Health and Medical Research National Institute (INSERM) Research Unit 379, Epidemiology and Social Sciences Applied to Medical Innovation, Marseilles, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hilsabeck RC, Castellon SA, Hinkin CH. Neuropsychological aspects of coinfection with HIV and hepatitis C virus. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 41 Suppl 1:S38-44. [PMID: 16265612 PMCID: PMC2879257 DOI: 10.1086/429494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is commonly seen in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, because the viruses share risk factors for transmission; coinfection is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected persons. Neuropsychological consequences of HIV infection are well established, and studies of HCV-infected persons have revealed neuropsychiatric dysfunction in this population as well. Investigators now are focusing on neuropsychological sequelae of coinfection with HIV and HCV, and preliminary results suggest that coinfection has a possible deleterious effect on global cognitive functioning consistent with frontal-subcortical dysfunction. Data on neuropsychiatric symptoms in coinfected persons are inconclusive at this time and are complicated by important differences in study populations (e.g., injection drug use and disease severity). This review summarizes what is known about neuropsychological aspects of monoinfection with HIV and HCV, as well as coinfection, discusses implications of these findings, and suggests future directions for this research area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin C Hilsabeck
- Psychology Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229-4404, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
A number of different studies have shown a clear reduction in the quality of life of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related liver-disease patients. Quality of life can be assessed by means of both generic and specific instruments, depending on the aim of the study and the population being studied. The application of a specific instrument to patients with liver diseases provides a broader assessment of different parameters related to hepatic disorders. In hepatitis C, alterations such as the stigma of liver disease, concerns about the disease and symptoms of the disease could be demonstrated with this type of instrument. The impact of the diagnosis of hepatitis C, a potentially serious disease, and the presence of comorbidities such as alcohol and drugs may lead to lower quality of life. Longitudinal studies have proved that, following diagnosis, the stigma of liver disease becomes more apparent over time. Women report worse quality of life than men, supporting that gender differences in hepatitis are also important when assessing quality of life. Alterations in the quality of life of patients submitted to treatment are mainly related to the somatic side effects of Interferon and Ribavirin and are most noticeable in the first weeks of therapy. Early improvement in the quality of life of patients who become HCV-RNA negative suggests that the virus itself plays a biological role. There is no doubt that liver transplantation leads to an improvement in quality of life. Nevertheless, a major concern is the relapse of HCV, with the associated lower quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edna Strauss
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Benjamin AB, Mossman D, Graves NS, Sanders RD. Tests of a symptom checklist to screen for comorbid psychiatric disorders in alcoholism. Compr Psychiatry 2006; 47:227-33. [PMID: 16635653 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2005.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2002] [Revised: 03/19/2003] [Accepted: 08/11/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In the treatment of substance use disorders, it is advantageous to identify patients with comorbid (nonsubstance) psychiatric disorders because treating comorbid disorders improves outcome. Because accurate psychiatric diagnosis is time-consuming, there is a need for strategies to screen for these comorbid conditions. This study used receiver operating characteristic analysis to investigate a symptom checklist (revised Symptom Checklist 90 [SCL-90-R]) as a screening instrument for comorbid conditions diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV in 171 primarily military personnel with alcohol use disorders. Several approaches to applying receiver operating characteristic analysis to this problem are demonstrated. Although these results require replication in other populations, the SCL-90-R performed well in predicting comorbid conditions, with an area under the curve of 0.88 for current and 0.85 for lifetime comorbid diagnoses. Self-report symptom checklists such as the SCL-90-R may be useful in screening substance rehabilitation patients for more detailed psychiatric assessment and may prove clinically useful in the assessment of alcoholic patients.
Collapse
|
16
|
Teixeira MCD, Ribeiro MDFGDS, Gayotto LCDC, Chamone DDAF, Strauss E. Worse quality of life in volunteer blood donors with hepatitis C. Transfusion 2005; 46:278-83. [PMID: 16441607 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00712.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) encompasses many different aspects of health perceived by the individual, and its alterations in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been recently reported. The objective was to study a population of volunteer blood donors at different stages of HCV liver disease. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), a generic tool, was used to evaluated HRQOL. The SF-36 scores of HCV patients were compared with those of matched healthy blood donors and at the sixth month in those who were submitted to antiviral treatment. Sex, drug use, and alcohol consumption were also evaluated. A total of 120 HCV chronic carriers were divided into three groups: 1) patients with no indication for liver biopsy (n = 37); 2) patients submitted to liver biopsy with mild liver disease (n = 40); and 3) patients with moderate to severe liver disease submitted to interferon plus ribavirin treatment (n = 43). RESULTS HCV patients had significantly lower SF-36 scores when compared with matched healthy blood donors. There was no correlation between SF-36 scores and history of intravenous and/or inhaled drug use or alcohol consumption. Women had lower SF-36 scores than men in six domains. At the sixth month of treatment, patients who continued to be positive for the presence of HCV RNA (nonresponders) had lower quality of life than those who became HCV RNA-negative. CONCLUSION Healthy blood donors with HCV showed significantly reduced HRQOL that was more marked in women. The presence of the virus is one of the possible explanations for the reduced HRQOL.
Collapse
|
17
|
Schensul JJ, Convey M, Burkholder G. Challenges in measuring concurrency, agency and intentionality in polydrug research. Addict Behav 2005; 30:571-4. [PMID: 15718073 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Polydrug use is of particular interest to researchers concerned with the drug use of youth and young adults because it is associated with progression to regular and addictive drug use. New research shows that polydrug use appears to be taking new forms as youth use multiple drugs concurrently in the same setting, sometimes to achieve specific desired effects. Existing approaches to measuring polydrug use are confusing and inconsistent. This paper calls for new ways of measuring polydrug use that capture concurrency in context to obtain more accurate assessments of drug mixing and its potential physical and social effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean J Schensul
- Institute for Community Research, Ste. 100, 2 Hartford Square West, Hartford, CT 06106, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Fontana RJ, Hussain KB, Schwartz SM, Moyer CA, Su GL, Lok ASF. Emotional distress in chronic hepatitis C patients not receiving antiviral therapy. J Hepatol 2002; 36:401-7. [PMID: 11867185 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(01)00280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence, type, and severity of emotional distress in a large group of consecutive chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients not receiving anti-viral therapy. METHODS The brief symptom inventory and a 67-item questionnaire with the SF-36 embedded within it were used to study 220 outpatients with compensated CHC. RESULTS Seventy-seven (35%) participants reported significantly elevated global severity index (GSI) T-scores compared to an expected frequency of 10% in population controls. In addition, significantly elevated depression, anxiety, somatization, psychoticism, and obsessive-compulsive subscale T-scores were reported in 28-40% of subjects. Subjects with an active psychiatric co-morbidity had significantly higher GSI and subscale T-scores compared to subjects with active medical co-morbidities and subjects without medical or psychiatric co-morbidities (P<0.01). However, patients with CHC alone also had a higher frequency of elevated GSI T-scores compared to population controls (20 versus 10%). GSI and subscale T-scores were strongly associated with SF-36 summary scores (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Clinically significant emotional distress was reported in 35% of CHC patients not receiving antiviral therapy. In addition to depression, a broad array of psychological symptoms were observed. Further investigation into the etiopathogenesis and treatment of emotional distress in CHC patients is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Fontana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3912 Taubman Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0362, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hussain KB, Fontana RJ, Moyer CA, Su GL, Sneed-Pee N, Lok AS. Comorbid illness is an important determinant of health-related quality of life in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96:2737-44. [PMID: 11569704 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.04133.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients selected for entry into treatment trials have been reported to have impaired health-related quality of life (HRQOL). However, these trials have an inherent selection bias, and HRQOL in CHC patients may have been underestimated because of the exclusion of patients with comorbid illness. The aim of this study was to assess HRQOL in an unselected group of CHC patients and to identify factors associated with impairment in HRQOL. METHODS A total of 220 consecutive eligible CHC patients were enrolled from a hepatology clinic. HRQOL was assessed by the short form 36 (SF-36) and comorbid illnesses were assessed by an interview. RESULTS CHC patients had significantly lower SF-36 scores in all subscales and in the summary scales when compared to those of the healthy general population in the United States (p < 0.001). Compared to CHC patients entering treatment trials, our patients had lower SF-36 scores on five subscales (p < 0.001). The presence of comorbid illness was the most important predictor of HRQOL in CHC patients. However, CHC alone resulted in significantly lower SF-36 scores in all subscales and summary scales (p < or = 0.003) compared to those of the healthy U.S. population. There was no correlation between SF-36 scores and history of i.v. drug use or dependence. alcohol dependence. and serum aminotransferase levels. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that unselected CHC patients presenting for medical evaluation have a reduced HRQOL, which is lower than that reported for CHC patients entering treatment trials. CHC alone is associated with significant impairment in HRQOL, but the presence of comorbid illness leads to further diminution in HRQOL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K B Hussain
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yovtcheva SP, Rifai MA, Moles JK, Van der Linden BJ. Psychiatric comorbidity among hepatitis C-positive patients. PSYCHOSOMATICS 2001; 42:411-5. [PMID: 11739908 DOI: 10.1176/appi.psy.42.5.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among hepatitis C patients at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Medical records of 306 randomly selected hepatitis C-positive patients were reviewed for past and present DSM-IV-based psychiatric disorders. Each psychiatric diagnosis was independently confirmed with DSM-IV criteria using symptoms recorded in the chart. Only independently confirmed diagnoses were included for analysis. Mood disorders were present in 38% of patients; personality disorders in 30%; PTSD in 19%; other anxiety disorders in 9%; and psychotic disorders in 17%. Although alcohol use disorders were found in 86% of this patient population, intravenous drug use disorders were present in only 28%. Our data indicate that prevalence rates of a variety of psychiatric disorders are higher in veterans with hepatitis C than in the general population. Mood, anxiety, personality, and psychotic disorders were all relatively common in these patients. Psychiatric disorders may influence the course and treatment of hepatitis C infection, and psychiatrists as well as internists should be aware of the substantial psychiatric comorbidity in patients with this infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S P Yovtcheva
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Virginia/Roanoke-Salem Psychiatric Medicine Program, Salem, VA, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fontana RJ, Moyer CA, Sonnad S, Sneed-Pee N, Walsh J, Klein S, Webster S. Comorbidities and quality of life in patients with interferon-refractory chronic hepatitis C. Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96:170-8. [PMID: 11197249 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.03473.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with chronic hepatitis C (HCV) consistently report a reduction in multiple domains of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) that does not correlate with liver disease severity. This may in part be due to the use of insensitive HRQOL instruments or extrahepatic factors that independently influence HRQOL. We hypothesized that a past history of substance abuse or active medical and psychiatric comorbidities would correlate with HRQOL scores. METHODS In 107 patients who had failed previous interferon therapy, HRQOL was measured by using the modified SF-36, a disease-specific instrument, and the Health Utilities Index (HUI) Mark III, a generic instrument. RESULTS Multiple SF-36 subscale and summary scores as well as the HUI Mark III attributes of emotion and pain were significantly reduced in the study population compared with healthy controls (p < 0.001). Serum alanine aminotransferase and HCV RNA levels, HCV genotype, liver histology, and HCV risk factors as well as demographic variables did not correlate with modified SF-36 and HUI scores. In addition, a history of alcohol abuse or dependency and intravenous drug use or dependency, identified in 52 and 51% of participants, respectively, did not correlate with HRQOL scores. However, the presence of one or more active medical comorbidities, defined as a chronic medical condition requiring treatment and monitoring, was significantly associated with both the modified SF-36 scores and HUI attribute deficits (p < 0.001). In particular, painful medical comorbidities or depressed mood requiring treatment were significantly associated with modified SF-36 scores and with HUI attribute deficits and utility scores (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Active medical and psychiatric comorbidities may account for some of the reduction and variability in HRQOL scores in patients with chronic HCV who have failed previous interferon therapy. Future studies that control for the presence of active comorbidities in large groups of treatment naive patients with varying severity of chronic HCV are needed to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R J Fontana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Consortium for Health Outcomes Innovation and Cost-Effectiveness Studies University of Michigan Medical School, Huron Gastroenterology Associates, Ann Arbor, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Roberts A. Psychiatric comorbidity in white and African-American illicit substance abusers: evidence for differential etiology. Clin Psychol Rev 2000; 20:667-77. [PMID: 10860171 DOI: 10.1016/s0272-7358(99)00020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Research on psychiatric comorbidity among opiate and cocaine addicts has consistently found African-Americans to report fewer symptoms of anxiety and affective disorders than Whites. The current article reviews the research on these racial differences, evaluates various interpretations of these differences, and discusses the limitations of past research. It is concluded that Whites and African-American addicts differ in their underlying reasons for abusing drugs. Drug addiction among Whites appears to be related largely to psychopathology, whereas Black drug abuse is best understood in terms of social and environmental factors. Treatment implications are also discussed.
Collapse
|
24
|
Grilo CM, Becker DF, Fehon DC, Walker ML, Edell WS, McGlashan TH. Psychiatric Morbidity Differences in Male and Female Adolescent Inpatients With Alcohol Use Disorders. J Youth Adolesc 1998. [DOI: 10.1023/a:1022824730935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
25
|
Foster GR, Goldin RD, Thomas HC. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection causes a significant reduction in quality of life in the absence of cirrhosis. Hepatology 1998; 27:209-12. [PMID: 9425939 DOI: 10.1002/hep.510270132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, in the absence of cirrhosis, on patients' quality of life was assessed using the short form 36 (SF36) symptomatology questionnaire. Patients with chronic hepatitis C were polysymptomatic and had significant reductions in their SF36 scores for all of the modalities tested. Patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection showed a reduction in the SF36 scores that assessed mental functions, but they had no decrease in the scores that measured physical symptoms, indicating that the symptoms associated with chronic HCV infection are qualitatively different from those associated with chronic HBV infection. Patients with chronic HCV infection who had used intravenous drugs in the past had the greatest impairment in quality-of-life scores, but the reduction in quality-of-life scores was still found in patients who had never used drugs. The reduction in quality of life could not be attributed to the degree of liver inflammation or to the mode of acquisition of the infection. Hence, chronic infection with HCV per se gives rise to physical symptoms that reduce the quality of life of infected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G R Foster
- Liver Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine at St Mary's, St Mary's Hospital, London, England, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chutuape MA, Brooner RK, Stitzer M. Sedative use disorders in opiate-dependent patients: association with psychiatric and other substance use disorders. J Nerv Ment Dis 1997; 185:289-97. [PMID: 9171805 DOI: 10.1097/00005053-199705000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Opiate-dependent patients (N = 231), classified by sedative disorder status, were characterized according to DSM-IIIR on substance use and psychiatric disorders. Twenty-one percent currently (CUR+) had sedative use disorder, 39% had a history (HX+) of sedative use disorder, and 40% had no history (HX-) of this disorder. Several group differences were found. The HX+ and CUR+ groups had more lifetime drug use disorders (means = 4.5 and 4.3 vs. 3.2 in the HX- group), including alcohol, cannabis, stimulants, cocaine, and hallucinogens. In contrast, other psychiatric disorders (e.g., anxiety and depression) were low in prevalence and did not differ across groups, with the exception of a higher prevalence of antisocial personality disorder in the HX+ and CUR+ groups (39.6% and 38.5% vs. 17.9% in HX- group). The results suggest that sedative use disorder is related more to a severe spectrum of multiple substance abuse than it is to self-medication of underlying mood or anxiety disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Chutuape
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Grilo CM, Martino S, Walker ML, Becker DF, Edell WS, McGlashan TH. Psychiatric comorbidity differences in male and female adult psychiatric inpatients with substance use disorders. Compr Psychiatry 1997; 38:155-9. [PMID: 9154371 DOI: 10.1016/s0010-440x(97)90068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine gender differences in the co-occurrence of DSM-III-R axis I disorders and axis II personality disorders in young adult psychiatric inpatients with substance use disorders (SUDs), a consecutive series of 70 inpatients (33 men and 37 women) with SUD were reliably assessed with structured diagnostic interviews. Higher rates of dysthymia and eating disorders were observed in SUD females and higher rates of cluster A personality disorders were observed in SUD males. No gender differences were found for depression or anxiety in our SUD inpatients; these findings contrast with gender ratios for these disorders in the general population. In conclusion, relatively few gender differences were found in young adult inpatients with SUD, even where they would be expected based on general population gender patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Grilo
- Yale Psychiatric Institute, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|