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da Costa Rodrigues K, da Conceição Oliveira M, Dos Santos BF, de Campos Domingues NL, Fronza MG, Savegnago L, Wilhelm EA, Luchese C. Mechanisms involved in the antidepressant-like action of orally administered 5-((4-methoxyphenyl)thio)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (MTDZ) in male and female mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024:10.1007/s00213-024-06647-0. [PMID: 39008059 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06647-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE The compound 5-((4-methoxyphenyl)thio)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (MTDZ) has recently been shown to inhibit in vitro acetylcholinesterase activity, reduce cognitive damage, and improve neuropsychic behavior in mice, making it a promising molecule to treat depression. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the antidepressant-like action of MTDZ in mice and its potential mechanisms of action. RESULTS Molecular docking assays were performed and suggested a potential inhibition of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) by MTDZ. The toxicity study revealed that MTDZ displayed no signs of toxicity, changes in oxidative parameters, or alterations to biochemistry markers, even at a high dose of 300 mg/kg. In behavioral tests, MTDZ administration reduced immobility behavior during the forced swim test (FST) without adjusting the climbing parameter, suggesting it has an antidepressant effect. The antidepressant-like action of MTDZ was negated with the administration of 5-HT1A, 5-HT1A/1B, and 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, implying the involvement of serotonergic pathways. Moreover, the antidepressant-like action of MTDZ was linked to the NO system, as L-arginine pretreatment inhibited its activity. The ex vivo assays indicated that MTDZ normalized ATPase activity, potentially linking this behavior to its antidepressant-like action. MTDZ treatment restricted MAO-A activity in the cerebral cortices and hippocampi of mice, proposing a selective inhibition of MAO-A associated with the antidepressant-like effect of the compound. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that MTDZ may serve as a promising antidepressant agent due to its selective inhibition of MAO-A and the involvement of serotonergic and NO pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karline da Costa Rodrigues
- Research Laboratory in Biochemical Pharmacology (LaFarBio), Neurobiotechnology Research Group (GPN), Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Meliza da Conceição Oliveira
- Research Laboratory in Biochemical Pharmacology (LaFarBio), Neurobiotechnology Research Group (GPN), Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Fuzinato Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Organic Catalysis and Biocatalysis, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Gallio Fronza
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology (GPN), Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology (GPN), Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Ethel Antunes Wilhelm
- Research Laboratory in Biochemical Pharmacology (LaFarBio), Neurobiotechnology Research Group (GPN), Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Luchese
- Research Laboratory in Biochemical Pharmacology (LaFarBio), Neurobiotechnology Research Group (GPN), Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96010-900, Brazil.
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Possamai-Della T, Dal-Pont GC, Resende WR, Aguiar-Geraldo JM, Peper-Nascimento J, Quevedo J, Valvassori SS. Imipramine Can Be Effective on Depressive-Like Behaviors, but Not on Neurotrophic Factor Levels in an Animal Model for Bipolar Disorder Induced by Ouabain. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:7170-7181. [PMID: 36121567 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite possible risks of mania switching with the long-term use of antidepressants in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), these drugs may help in depressive episodes. Alterations in neurotrophic factor levels seem to be involved in the pathophysiology of BD. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of acute treatment of imipramine on behavior and neurotrophic levels in rats submitted to the animal model for BD induced by ouabain. METHODS Wistar rats received a single intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of artificial cerebrospinal fluid or ouabain (10-3 M). Following the ICV administration, the rats were treated for 14 days with saline (NaCl 0.9%, i.p.), lithium (47.5 mg/kg, i.p.), or valproate (200 mg/kg, i.p.). On the 13th and 14th days of treatment, the animals received an additional injection of saline or imipramine (10 mg/kg, i.p.). Behavior tests were evaluated 7 and 14 days after ICV injection. Adrenal gland weight and concentrations of ACTH were evaluated. Levels of neurotrophins BDNF, NGF, NT-3, and GDNF were measured in the frontal cortex and hippocampus by ELISA test. RESULTS The administration of ouabain induced mania- and depressive-like behavior in the animals 7 and 14 days after ICV, respectively. The treatment with lithium and valproate reversed the mania-like behavior. All treatments were able to reverse most of the depressive-like behaviors induced by ouabain. Moreover, ouabain increased HPA-axis parameters in serum and decreased the neurotrophin levels in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. All treatments, except imipramine, reversed these alterations. CONCLUSION It can be suggested that acute administration of imipramine alone can be effective on depressive-like symptoms but not on neurotrophic factor alterations present in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taise Possamai-Della
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo C Dal-Pont
- Translational Health Research Laboratory, Alto Vale do Rio do Peixe University, Caçador, Brazil
| | - Wilson R Resende
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Jorge M Aguiar-Geraldo
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Jefté Peper-Nascimento
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.,Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.,Center of Excellence On Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samira S Valvassori
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
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Rajkhowa B, Mehan S, Sethi P, Prajapati A, Suri M, Kumar S, Bhalla S, Narula AS, Alshammari A, Alharbi M, Alkahtani N, Alghamdi S, Kalfin R. Activating SIRT-1 Signalling with the Mitochondrial-CoQ10 Activator Solanesol Improves Neurobehavioral and Neurochemical Defects in Ouabain-Induced Experimental Model of Bipolar Disorder. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080959. [PMID: 36015107 PMCID: PMC9415079 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic mental illness characterized by mood fluctuations that range from depressive lows to manic highs. Several studies have linked the downregulation of SIRT-1 (silent mating type information regulation-2 homologs) signaling to the onset of BD and other neurological dysfunctions. This research aimed to look into the neuroprotective potential of Solanesol (SNL) in rats given ICV-Ouabain injections, focusing on its effect on SIRT-1 signaling activation in the brain. Ouabain, found in hypothalamic and medullary neurons, is an endogenous inhibitor of brain Na+/K+ ATPase. The inhibition of brain Na+/K+ ATPase by Ouabain may also result in changes in neurotransmission within the central nervous system. SNL is a Solanaceae family active phytoconstituent produced from the plant Nicotiana tabacum. SNL is used as a precursor for the production of CoQ10 (Coenzyme Q10), a powerful antioxidant and neuroprotective compound. In the current study, lithium (Li), an important mood stabilizer drug, was used as a control. This study looked at the neuroprotective potential of SNL at dosages of 40 and 80 mg/kg in ICV-OUA injections that caused BD-like neurobehavioral and neurochemical defects in Wistar rats. Wistar rats were placed into eight groups (n = 6) and administered 1 mM/0.5 µL ICV-OUA injections for three days. Neurochemical assessments were done in rat brain homogenates, CSF, and blood plasma samples at the end of the experiment protocol schedule. Long-term SNL and lithium administration have been shown to decrease the number of rearing and crossings and reduce time spent in the center, locomotor activities, and immobility time. Solansesol treatment gradually raises the amount of Na+/K+ ATPase, limiting the severity of behavioural symptoms. These findings also revealed that SNL increases the levels of SIRT-1 in CSF, blood plasma, and brain homogenate samples. Moreover, in rat brain homogenates and blood plasma samples, SNL modulates apoptotic markers such as Caspase-3, Bax (pro-apoptotic), and Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic). Mitochondrial-ETC complex enzymes, including complex-I, II, IV, V, and CoQ10, were also restored following long-term SNL treatment. Furthermore, SNL lowered inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) levels while restoring neurotransmitter levels (serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, and acetylcholine) and decreasing oxidative stress markers. Histological examinations also validated Solanesol’s protective effect. As a result, our findings suggest that SNL, as a SIRT-1 signalling activator, may be a promising therapeutic approach for BD-like neurological dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Rajkhowa
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, India; (B.R.); (P.S.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, India; (B.R.); (P.S.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-8059889909
| | - Pranshul Sethi
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, India; (B.R.); (P.S.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Aradhana Prajapati
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, India; (B.R.); (P.S.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Manisha Suri
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, India; (B.R.); (P.S.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, India; (B.R.); (P.S.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Sonalika Bhalla
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, India; (B.R.); (P.S.); (A.P.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Acharan S. Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA;
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (N.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (N.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Nora Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (N.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Saeed Alghamdi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (N.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Reni Kalfin
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
- Department of Healthcare, South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, Ivan Mihailov St. 66, 2700 Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
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Valvassori SS, Aguiar-Geraldo JM, Possamai-Della T, da-Rosa DD, Peper-Nascimento J, Cararo JH, Quevedo J. Depressive-like behavior accompanies neuroinflammation in an animal model of bipolar disorder symptoms induced by ouabain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 219:173434. [PMID: 35901967 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A previous study from our Laboratory showed no alteration in inflammatory parameters seven days after ouabain (OUA) administration, a Na+K+ATPase inhibitor, which was previously considered only a mania model. However, the administration of OUA in rats was recently validated as a model of bipolar disorder (BD) symptoms, demonstrating that 14 days after single intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration, OUA also induces depressive-like behavior. Therefore, it is important to investigate the long-term effect of OUA on inflammatory parameters since this mechanism seems to play a key role in BD physiopathology. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats received a single ICV administration of OUA or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF). From the fourth day after the ICV infusion, the rats received saline or Lithium (Li) for 14 days. The open-field test was performed on the 7th day after OUA. On the 14th day, locomotion was re-evaluated, and the forced swimming test (FST) was used to evaluate depressive-like behavior. Inflammatory parameters were assessed in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. RESULTS OUA increased the locomotion of rats after seven days, considered a mania-like behavior. In the FST, OUA increased the time of immobility on the 14th day, considered a depressive-like behavior. Li reversed the mania-like behavior and partially reversed the depressive-like behavior. Furthermore, OUA increased the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and CINC-1 in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Li treatment reverses all these inflammatory alterations. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the long-term Na+K+ATPase inhibition effects induce depressive-like behavior, which was accompanied by inflammation in the BD symptoms model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira S Valvassori
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
| | - Jorge M Aguiar-Geraldo
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Taise Possamai-Della
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Dayane D da-Rosa
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Jefté Peper-Nascimento
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - José H Cararo
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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Lelkes Z. Ouabain, a Na–K-ATPase inhibitor, enhances wakefulness in rats. Neuropharmacology 2020; 176:108224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Valvassori SS, Dal-Pont GC, Resende WR, Varela RB, Lopes-Borges J, Cararo JH, Quevedo J. Validation of the animal model of bipolar disorder induced by Ouabain: face, construct and predictive perspectives. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:158. [PMID: 31164628 PMCID: PMC6548776 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0494-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A particular challenge in the development of a bipolar disorder (BD) model in animals is the complicated clinical course of the condition, characterized by manic, depressive and mixed mood episodes. Ouabain (OUA) is an inhibitor of Na+/K+-ATPase enzyme. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of this drug in rats has been regarded a proper model to study BD by mimic specific manic symptoms, which are reversed by lithium (Li), an important mood stabilizer drug. However, further validation of this experimental approach is required to characterize it as an animal model of BD, including depressive-like behaviors. The present study aimed to assess manic- and depressive-like behaviors, potential alteration in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system and oxidative stress parameters after a single OUA ICV administration in adult male Wistar rats. Moreover, we evaluated Li effects in this experimental setting. Data show that OUA ICV administration could constitute a suitable model for BD since the injection of the drug triggered manic- and depressive-like behaviors in the same animal. Additionally, the OUA model mimics significant physiological and neurochemical alterations detected in BD patients, including an increase in oxidative stress and change in HPA axis. Our findings suggest that decreased Na+/K+-ATPase activity detected in bipolar patients may be linked to increased secretion of glucocorticoid hormones and oxidative damage, leading to the marked behavioral swings. The Li administration mitigated these pathological changes in the rats. The proposed OUA model is regarded as suitable to simulate BD by complying with all validities required to a proper animal model of the psychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira S. Valvassori
- 0000 0001 2150 7271grid.412287.aTranslational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC Brazil
| | - Gustavo C. Dal-Pont
- 0000 0001 2150 7271grid.412287.aTranslational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC Brazil
| | - Wilson R. Resende
- 0000 0001 2150 7271grid.412287.aTranslational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC Brazil
| | - Roger B. Varela
- 0000 0001 2150 7271grid.412287.aTranslational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC Brazil
| | - Jéssica Lopes-Borges
- 0000 0001 2150 7271grid.412287.aTranslational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC Brazil
| | - José Henrique Cararo
- 0000 0001 2150 7271grid.412287.aTranslational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- 0000 0001 2150 7271grid.412287.aTranslational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC Brazil ,0000 0000 9206 2401grid.267308.8Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX USA ,0000 0000 9206 2401grid.267308.8Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX USA ,0000 0001 2291 4776grid.240145.6Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX USA
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Vosahlikova M, Roubalova L, Ujcikova H, Hlouskova M, Musil S, Alda M, Svoboda P. Na+/K+-ATPase level and products of lipid peroxidation in live cells treated with therapeutic lithium for different periods in time (1, 7, and 28 days); studies of Jurkat and HEK293 cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:785-799. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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O'Connell KS, McGregor NW, Lochner C, Emsley R, Warnich L. The genetic architecture of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 88:300-307. [PMID: 29505902 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence suggests that autism spectrum disorders (ASD), schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) share a common molecular aetiology, despite their unique clinical diagnostic criteria. The aim of this study was therefore to determine and characterise the common and unique molecular architecture of ASD, SCZ, BD and OCD. Gene lists were obtained from previously published studies for ASD, BD, SCZ and for OCD. Genes identified to be common to all disorders, or unique to one specific disorder, were included for enrichment analyses using the web-server tool Enrichr. Ten genes were identified to be commonly associated with the aetiology of ASD, SCZ, BD and OCD. Enrichment analyses determined that these genes are predominantly involved in the dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways, the voltage-gated calcium ion channel gene network, folate metabolism, regulation of the hippo signaling pathway, and the regulation of gene silencing and expression. In addition to well-characterised and previously described pathways, regulation of the hippo signaling pathway was commonly associated with ASD, SCZ, BD and OCD, implicating neural development and neuronal maintenance as key in neuropsychiatric disorders. In contrast, a large number of previously associated genes were shown to be disorder-specific. And unique disorder-specific pathways and biological processes were presented for ASD, BD, SCZ and OCD aetiology. Considering the current global incidence and prevalence rates of mental health disorders, focus should be placed on cross-disorder commonalities in order to realise actionable and translatable results to combat mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S O'Connell
- System Genetics Working Group, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Nathaniel W McGregor
- System Genetics Working Group, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - Christine Lochner
- SU/UCT MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Robin Emsley
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Louise Warnich
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Valvassori SS, Resende WR, Lopes-Borges J, Mariot E, Dal-Pont GC, Vitto MF, Luz G, de Souza CT, Quevedo J. Effects of mood stabilizers on oxidative stress-induced cell death signaling pathways in the brains of rats subjected to the ouabain-induced animal model of mania: Mood stabilizers exert protective effects against ouabain-induced activation of the cell death pathway. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 65:63-70. [PMID: 25959616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of mood stabilizers, specifically lithium (Li) and valproate (VPA), on mitochondrial superoxide, lipid peroxidation, and proteins involved in cell death signaling pathways in the brains of rats subjected to the ouabain-induced animal model of mania. Wistar rats received Li, VPA, or saline twice a day for 13 days. On the 7th day of treatment, the animals received a single intracerebroventricular injection of ouabain or aCSF. After the ICV injection, the treatment with mood stabilizers continued for 6 additional days. The locomotor activity of rats was measured using the open-field test. In addition, we analyzed oxidative stress parameters, specifically levels of phosphorylated p53 (pp53), BAX and Bcl-2 in the brain of rats by immunoblot. Li and VPA reversed ouabain-related hyperactivity. Ouabain decreased Bcl-2 levels and increased the oxidative stress parameters BAX and pp53 in the brains of rats. Li and VPA improved these ouabain-induced cellular dysfunctions; however, the effects of the mood stabilizers were dependent on the protein and brain region analyzed. These findings suggest that the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase can be an important link between oxidative damage and the consequent reduction of neuronal and glial density, which are both observed in BD, and that Li and VPA exert protective effects against ouabain-induced activation of the apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira S Valvassori
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806000, Brazil.
| | - Wilson R Resende
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806000, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Lopes-Borges
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806000, Brazil
| | - Edemilson Mariot
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo C Dal-Pont
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo F Vitto
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Luz
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Claudio T de Souza
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, 88806000, Brazil; Center for Experimental Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Tonin PT, Valvassori SS, Lopes-Borges J, Mariot E, Varela RB, Teixeira AL, Quevedo J. Effects of ouabain on cytokine/chemokine levels in an animal model of mania. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 276:236-9. [PMID: 25288301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic and severe psychiatric disorder and despite its importance, little is known about the precise pathophysiology of this disorder. Several studies have reported that inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of BD and that cytokines are altered in these patients. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of ouabain (a potent Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase inhibitor) in rats resulted in manic-like effects and it has been widely used as an animal model of bipolar mania. In this study, we assessed the cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, CINC-1) in the brain structures (hippocampus, striatum, frontal cortex, amygdala), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rats submitted to an animal model of mania induced by ouabain. Our findings demonstrated that ouabain induced hyperlocomotion in rats. However, the only cytokine that showed alteration was IL-6, which was decreased in the striatum after ouabain administration. In conclusion, despite the ouabain administration in rats be a valid model to study the physiopathology of bipolar mania, it seems that this model was not able to mimic the changes in cytokines observed in bipolar patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula T Tonin
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde (UNASAU), Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Samira S Valvassori
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde (UNASAU), Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
| | - Jéssica Lopes-Borges
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde (UNASAU), Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Edemilson Mariot
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde (UNASAU), Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Roger B Varela
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde (UNASAU), Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Antônio Lucio Teixeira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde (UNASAU), Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Center for Experimental Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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11
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12
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Valvassori SS, Budni J, Varela RB, Quevedo J. Contributions of animal models to the study of mood disorders. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2013; 35 Suppl 2:S121-31. [DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2013-1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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13
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Jornada LK, Moretti M, Valvassori SS, Ferreira CL, Padilha PT, Arent CO, Fries GR, Kapczinski F, Quevedo J. Effects of mood stabilizers on hippocampus and amygdala BDNF levels in an animal model of mania induced by ouabain. J Psychiatr Res 2010; 44:506-10. [PMID: 19954800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Revised: 10/29/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There is a body of evidence suggesting that BDNF is involved in bipolar disorder (BD) pathogenesis. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of ouabain (OUA), a specific Na(+)/K(+) ATPase inhibitor, induces hyperlocomotion in rats, and has been used as an animal model of mania. The present study aims to investigate the effects of the lithium (Li) and valproate (VPT) in an animal model of mania induced by ouabain. In the reversal model, animals received a single ICV injection of OUA or cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF). From the day following the ICV injection, the rats were treated for 6 days with intraperitoneal (IP) injections of saline (SAL), Li or VPT twice a day. In the maintenance treatment (prevention model), the rats received IP injections of Li, VPT, or SAL twice a day for 12 days. In the 7th day of treatment the animals received a single ICV injection of either OUA or aCSF. After the ICV injection, the treatment with the mood stabilizers continued for more 6 days. Locomotor activity was measured using the open-field test and BDNF levels were measured in rat hippocampus and amygdala by sandwich-ELISA. Li and VPT reversed OUA-related hyperactive behavior in the open-field test in both experiments. OUA decreased BDNF levels in first and second experiments in hippocampus and amygdala and Li treatment, but not VPT reversed and prevented the impairment in BDNF expression after OUA administration in these cerebral areas. Our results suggest that the present model fulfills adequate face, construct and predictive validity as an animal model of mania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano K Jornada
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and National Science and Technology Institute for Translational Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, 88808-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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Jornada LK, Valvassori SS, Arent CO, Leffa D, Damiani AA, Hainzenreder G, Ferreira CL, Moretti M, Andrade VM, Quevedo J. DNA damage after intracerebroventricular injection of ouabain in rats. Neurosci Lett 2010; 471:6-9. [PMID: 20056132 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is an emerging body of data suggesting that bipolar disorder is associated with DNA damage. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of ouabain in rats results in manic-like alterations. We evaluated DNA damage of peripheral blood, cerebrospinal fluid and hippocampus of rats after i.c.v. ouabain injection. Ouabain-induced hyperlocomotion was examined in an open field. Additionally, we used single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) to measure early transient damage in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), hippocampus and blood; and the micronucleus test to measure persistent damage in total blood samples of rats after ouabain administration. Our findings demonstrated that ouabain induced hyperlocomotion in rats, and this response remained up to 7 days following a single i.c.v. injection. In addition, we observed that the persistent increase in the rat spontaneous locomotion is associated with increased hippocampal and peripheral index of early DNA damage in rats. No significant alterations were observed in the micronucleus frequency in total blood samples of the rats after the ouabain i.c.v. injection. These results suggest that ouabain may induce peripheral and central early DNA damage, but this early damage may be repaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano K Jornada
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and National Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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Thomas D. The mineral depletion of foods available to us as a nation (1940-2002)--a review of the 6th Edition of McCance and Widdowson. Nutr Health 2007; 19:21-55. [PMID: 18309763 DOI: 10.1177/026010600701900205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 60 years there have been fundamental changes in the quality and quantity of food available to us as a nation. The character, growing method, preparation, source and ultimate presentation of basic staples have changed significantly to the extent that trace elements and micronutrient contents have been severely depleted. This trend, established in a review of the 5th Edition of McCance & Widdowson's The Composition of Foods, is still apparent in this review of the 6th edition of the same work. Concurrently there has been a precipitous change towards convenience and pre-prepared foods containing saturated fats, highly processed meats and refined carbohydrates, often devoid of vital micronutrients yet packed with a cocktail of chemical additives including colourings, flavourings and preservatives. It is proposed that these changes are significant contributors to rising levels of diet-induced ill health. Ongoing research clearly demonstrates a significant relationship between deficiencies in micronutrients and physical and mental ill health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Thomas
- Register of Nutritional Therapists, silverdale, East Sussex, UK.
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Herman L, Hougland T, El-Mallakh RS. Mimicking human bipolar ion dysregulation models mania in rats. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2007; 31:874-81. [PMID: 17720496 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2006] [Revised: 03/29/2007] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric diseases in general, and bipolar illness in particular, are difficult to model in animals since the subjective nature of the core symptoms appears to preclude objective observation of behavioral changes. An adequate animal model of a psychiatric condition must fulfill three core criteria: share pathophysiological characteristics of the human condition (face validity), have similar behavioral manifestations as the human disease (construct validity), and improve with medications that improve the symptoms seen in afflicted humans (predictive validity). The ouabain model for bipolar illness mimics a widely reproduced biologic abnormality in mania: reduced sodium pump activity. An intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of 5microL 10(-3)M ouabain induces motoric hyperactivity preventable by lithium, carbamazepine, and haloperidol. ICV ouabain may also produce environmentally dependent hypoactivity. The model, however, has not yet been examined for other potential manic behavior in rats such as reduced need for sleep, increased sexual activity, or increased irritability. While additional characterization of the model is required, the ouabain model for bipolar illness is the only available animal model that fulfills the three criteria for an adequate animal model for bipolar illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Herman
- Mood Disorders Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
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Leonard EC. Did some 18th and 19th century treatments for mental disorders act on the brain? Med Hypotheses 2004; 62:219-21. [PMID: 14962630 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2003.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2003] [Accepted: 10/19/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Review of 18th and 19th century psychiatric therapies raises the possibility that several may have altered the activity of vasopressin or Na-K-ATPase. Bleeding, whirling, nausea created by medicines, and vagus nerve stimulation by application of electricity through the skin all perturb the hypothalamic hormone, arginine vasopressin, while helleborus and digitalis inhibit the sodium pump enzyme, Na-K-ATPase. These approaches were used with reported benefit many years ago, acting on the brain in ways ongoing research suggests may play a role in affective disorders. Study of long-abandoned treatments may clarify their mechanisms of action and the characteristics of responsive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Leonard
- Friends Hospital, 4641 Roosevelt Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19124-2399, USA
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Giannini AJ, Nakoneczie AM, Melemis SM, Ventresco J, Condon M. Magnesium oxide augmentation of verapamil maintenance therapy in mania. Psychiatry Res 2000; 93:83-7. [PMID: 10699232 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-1781(99)00116-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The authors compared the antimanic effects of a verapamil-magnesium oxide (V-M) combination with a verapamil-placebo combination (V-P) in patients pretreated with verapamil. BPRS scores and serum magnesium levels were compared. The V-M combination was found to be significantly more effective than V-P in reducing manic symptoms (P=0.015). Serum magnesium levels were significantly higher in the V-M group (P<0.04). These data suggest that magnesium may increase antimanic efficacy of verapamil by mechanisms which may operate at the intracellular level. The magnesium-verapamil combination may have clinical application as an adjunct to verapamil in the maintenance therapy of mania.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Giannini
- Chemical Abuse Centers Inc., 721 Boardman-Poland Road, Suite 200, Boardman, OH 44512-5105, USA
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Dilsaver SC, Chen YR, Shoaib AM, Swann AC. Phenomenology of mania: evidence for distinct depressed, dysphoric, and euphoric presentations. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156:426-30. [PMID: 10080559 DOI: 10.1176/ajp.156.3.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A substantial number of manic episodes include conspicuous depressive symptoms. Manic episodes have been clinically classified a posteriori using preset criteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility that there might be a natural division of manic episodes into clinical types. METHOD One hundred and five inpatients met Research Diagnostic Criteria and DSM-III-R criteria for manic episodes and were rated before institution of pharmacological treatment. The authors conducted a factor analysis of 37 behavior rating items from the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. The resulting factors were used as independent variables in a cluster analysis of the patients. RESULTS This analysis revealed four factors corresponding to manic activation, depressed state, sleep disturbance, and irritability/paranoia. Cluster analysis separated the patients into two groups. One included patients with major depressive disorder and mania. Blind, a priori clinical classification into classic and mixed mania (mania plus depression) showed that all of the patients in the depressed cluster, and about 40% of those in the nondepressed cluster, were in a mixed state according to clinical criteria. Comparison of the clinically mixed and nonmixed patients in the nondepressed cluster revealed that the mixed patients in that cluster had higher scores for items related to anger, worry, dysphoria, and irritability. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that manic episodes can be naturalistically classified as classic (predominately euphoric), dysphoric, or depressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Dilsaver
- Harris County Psychiatric Center and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, USA
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Abstract
A cellular model for bipolar illness is presented. It is propounded that alterations in the activity of the membrane sodium- and potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase pump (Na,K-ATPase) may be responsible for alterations in neuronal excitability and activity. Specifically, a reduction in Na,K-ATPase activity can lead to both mania and depression by increasing membrane excitability and decreasing neurotransmitter release, respectively. Supporting evidence is reviewed, and clinical and research implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S el-Mallakh
- Neuropsychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Neuropsychiatric Research Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
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Cherry L, Swann AC. Cation transport mediated by Na+,K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase in lymphoblastoma cells from patients with bipolar I disorder, their relatives, and unrelated control subjects. Psychiatry Res 1994; 53:111-8. [PMID: 7529929 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1781(94)90102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In an investigation of cation transport in bipolar affective disorder, we have measured parameters related to Na+,K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase, the enzyme that carries out active transport of sodium and potassium, in lymphoblastoid cells cultured from patients with bipolar affective disorder, age-matched nonaffected family relatives, and unrelated control subjects. Patients had lower ion transport per cell and per transport enzyme site than did related or unrelated control subjects. The rate of transport per cell appeared higher in nonaffected relatives of patients than in unrelated control subjects, though this difference did not reach significance. These data suggest that abnormally regulated ion transport may be associated with bipolar affective disorder independently of clinical state.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cherry
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Mental Sciences Institute, University of Texas-Houston Medical School 77030
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mania and other mood changes are known to be associated with various organic etiologies. This article documents a case of organic mania associated with hyponatremia, a phenomenon which has not been previously reported, and reviews the pertinent medical literature. METHOD The mental status of a patient with end stage renal disease and no previous psychiatric history who presented with mania and hyponatremia was carefully monitored while her serum sodium concentration was corrected. RESULTS The manic symptoms of the patient presented resolved completely with correction of serum sodium concentration alone. CONCLUSIONS The acute episode of hyponatremia experienced by this patient with chronic, end stage renal disease appears to have precipitated the symptoms of mania. This observation may shed some additional light on the pathophysiology of organic mania.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Baar
- Baylor College of Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Houston, Texas
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Christo PJ, el-Mallakh RS. Possible role of endogenous ouabain-like compounds in the pathophysiology of bipolar illness. Med Hypotheses 1993; 41:378-83. [PMID: 8289709 DOI: 10.1016/0306-9877(93)90089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A large number of studies have documented a mood-state-related decrease in blood cell sodium, potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Na, K-ATPase) activity in acutely ill bipolar patients. While it has been proposed that this enzymatic change may be central to the pathophysiology of bipolar illness, its genesis has remained obscure. Recent advances in the isolation and characterization of endogenously produced ouabain- or digoxin-like compounds suggest a possible mechanism by which these mood-state-related changes can come about. We herein propose that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal dysregulation frequently documented in major mood disorders may underlie a pathological increase in the production of endogenous ouabain-like compounds which excessively suppresses Na, K-ATPase activity and results in pathological mood and energy alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Christo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Science, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Kentucky 40292
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Abstract
The case of an adolescent with severe mental retardation, blindness, and a complex of behavioral symptoms consistent with mania is reported. Symptoms include an increased activity level, mood liability, irritability, hyposomia, and severe self-injurious behavior. The successful use of verapamil and valproic acid in the treatment of prolonged mania in this child is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kastner
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
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25
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el-Mallakh RS. Hypertension and diabetes in obesity: a review and new ideas on the contributing role of ions. Med Hypotheses 1986; 19:47-55. [PMID: 3010058 DOI: 10.1016/0306-9877(86)90136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ion metabolism in obesity-associated hypertension is reviewed. A hypothesis is presented which proposes that ion imbalances in obesity may play an etiological role in obesity-associated diabetes mellitus as well. It is suggested that the rise in intracellular calcium--secondary to reduced sodium, potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Na,K-ATPase) activity--may aid in the development of increased vascular tone and decreased glucose tolerance.
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