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Citarová A, Mojžišová J, Petroušková P, Pelegrinová A, Kostičák M, Korytár L, Prokeš M, Vojtek B, Ondrejková A, Drážovská M. Investigation of canine parvovirus occurrence in cats with clinical signs of feline panleukopenia in Slovakia - pilot study. J Vet Res 2024; 68:199-205. [PMID: 38947159 PMCID: PMC11210359 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2024-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Feline panleukopenia is a contagious viral disease caused by the feline panleukopenia virus (FPV). A closely related pathogen is canine parvovirus (CPV), and amino acid substitutions in this virus allow it to acquire a feline host range. In feline hosts, the disease induced by CPV manifests with similar symptoms to those caused by FPV or milder ones, leading to its underdiagnosis. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of CPV type 2 (CPV-2) in cats with clinical symptoms of panleukopenia and to assess the use of commercial CPV antigen tests for the clinical diagnosis of FPV. Material and Methods Samples from 59 cats from central Slovakia were included in the study. Rectal swabs were collected and clinically tested for parvovirus infection using a commercial antigen test. Antigen-positive samples were confirmed by PCR targeting the viral VP2 gene. The sequences of the PCR products were established with the Sanger method. Results Of 59 samples, 23 were revealed to be positive for parvovirus infection by both antigen and PCR test (38.9%). Analysis with the National Center for Biotechnology Information BLASTn application showed 99.78-100% pairwise identity with FPV. The mortality rate of parvovirus-infected cats included in this study was 8.69% (2/23). Conclusion Although feline disease with CPV-2 was not confirmed, the CPV antigen test was able to detect FPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Citarová
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Mojžišová
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Patrícia Petroušková
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrea Pelegrinová
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Maroš Kostičák
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - L’uboš Korytár
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Marián Prokeš
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Boris Vojtek
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Anna Ondrejková
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Monika Drážovská
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81Košice, Slovak Republic
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2
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Raja P, Mallika KS, Viva VY, Parthiban M, Sathish G, Vinitha V, Parthiban S, Raj GD. Complete genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis of feline panleukopenia virus from India. Virusdisease 2024; 35:34-40. [PMID: 38817404 PMCID: PMC11133262 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-023-00854-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Parvoviruses are ubiquitous pathogens that cause fatal disease in cats. Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) is a primitive virus reported first and canine parvovirus (CPV) evolved from FPV and was reported later. Both induce disease in cats and dogs with correlative signs. FPV in domestic cats is genetically diverse and some strains may differ from those used for vaccination. In this study, a virus of FPV strain, ABT/MVC/2022/FPV/001, was identified from a fecal sample of the suspected cat with severe haemorrhagic gastroenteritis. The phylogenetic analysis and complete genome sequence of the strain share 99.75% nucleotide identity with FPV variant MH559110 belonging to Tamil Nadu, India. The results also reveal similarities to strains isolated from Italy, Belgium, and China. The deduced amino acid sequence of isolated strain revealed specific amino acid substitution (Pro5Ala, Phe6Val, His7Gln, Asn9Asp, Lys16Arg, Lys19Arg, Asn52Lys, Gly58Trp, Thr66Ser, Lys67Arg, Leu70His, Asn373Asp and Ala390Thr) which differed from MH559110 and other strains. The complete genomic analysis revealed that the FPV strain circulating in India is evolving rapidly with unique antigenic variations between field FPV, CPV and vaccine strains which may be the major cause for vaccine failure in vaccinated cats. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-023-00854-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Raja
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, 600007 India
| | - K. Sorna Mallika
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, 600007 India
| | - V. Yuvachandran Viva
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, 600007 India
| | - M. Parthiban
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, 600007 India
| | - G. Sathish
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, 600007 India
| | - V. Vinitha
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, 600007 India
| | - S. Parthiban
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, 600007 India
| | - G. Dhinakar Raj
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, 600007 India
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3
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Pearce J, Spibey N, Sutton D, Tarpey I. Development of a Novel Canine Parvovirus Vaccine Capable of Stimulating Protective Immunity in Four-Week-Old Puppies in the Face of High Levels of Maternal Antibodies. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1499. [PMID: 37766175 PMCID: PMC10534519 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many highly effective vaccines have been developed to protect dogs against disease caused by canine parvovirus, but despite this vaccine interference by maternally derived antibodies continues to cause immunisation failure. To help overcome this limitation we have developed a novel, recombinant canine parvovirus type 2c vaccine strain, based on the structural and non-structural elements of an established type 2 vaccine. This novel CPV-2c vaccine strain has unique efficacy in the field, it is able to induce sterilising immunity in naïve animals 3 days after vaccination and is able to overcome very high levels of maternally derived antibodies from 4 weeks of age-thus closing the immunity gap to canine parvovirus infection in young puppies. The vaccine strain, named 630a, has been combined with an established canine distemper virus Onderstepoort vaccine strain to produce a new bivalent vaccine (Nobivac DP PLUS), intended to immunise very young puppies in the face of high levels of maternally derived antibody. Here, we describe the onset of immunity and maternal antibody interference studies that support the unique efficacy of the strain, and present overdose studies in both dogs and cats that demonstrate the vaccine to be safe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Sutton
- MSD Animal Health, Milton Keynes MK7 7AJ, UK; (D.S.); (I.T.)
| | - Ian Tarpey
- MSD Animal Health, Milton Keynes MK7 7AJ, UK; (D.S.); (I.T.)
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4
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Capozza P, Buonavoglia A, Pratelli A, Martella V, Decaro N. Old and Novel Enteric Parvoviruses of Dogs. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050722. [PMID: 37242392 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Parvovirus infections have been well known for around 100 years in domestic carnivores. However, the use of molecular assays and metagenomic approaches for virus discovery and characterization has led to the detection of novel parvovirus species and/or variants in dogs. Although some evidence suggests that these emerging canine parvoviruses may act as primary causative agents or as synergistic pathogens in the diseases of domestic carnivores, several aspects regarding epidemiology and virus-host interaction remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Capozza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Alessio Buonavoglia
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dental School, Via Zamboni 33, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Annamaria Pratelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
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Rehme T, Hartmann K, Bergmann M. [Parvovirus infections in cats in animal shelters]. TIERARZTLICHE PRAXIS. AUSGABE K, KLEINTIERE/HEIMTIERE 2023; 51:107-115. [PMID: 37230115 DOI: 10.1055/a-2065-8203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Due to widespread vaccination programs against feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), the disease associated with this virus infection, feline panleukopenia, is rarely seen in privately owned cats in Germany. In contrast, the situation in animal shelters differs due to the constant intake of new cats that are often unprotected. In such facilities, panleukopenia outbreaks are common and often accompanied by a high number of fatalities. Due to the high contagiosity of the virus, some shelters do not accept cats with clinical signs suspicious for panleukopenia, since these animals can pose a risk to the shelter population. However, not only cats with panleukopenia shed parvovirus, but also healthy, asymptomatic cats can and thus contribute to risk of infection. Nevertheless, the risk for panleukopenia outbreaks in animal shelters can be reduced by rigorous outbreak management. This includes hygiene measures using correctly applied cleaning and disinfection protocols, quarantine measures, separate isolation units, as well as specific prophylactic measures, such as identification of infected animals and immunization of susceptible groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Rehme
- Medizinische Kleintierklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
| | - Katrin Hartmann
- Medizinische Kleintierklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
| | - Michèle Bergmann
- Medizinische Kleintierklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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6
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Xue H, Hu C, Ma H, Song Y, Zhu K, Fu J, Mu B, Gao X. Isolation of feline panleukopenia virus from Yanji of China and molecular epidemiology from 2021 to 2022. J Vet Sci 2023; 24:e29. [PMID: 37012037 PMCID: PMC10071280 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) is a widespread and highly infectious pathogen in cats with a high mortality rate. Although Yanji has a developed cat breeding industry, the variation of FPV locally is still unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to isolate and investigate the epidemiology of FPV in Yanji between 2021 and 2022. METHODS A strain of FPV was isolated from F81 cells. Cats suspected of FPV infection (n = 80) between 2021 and 2022 from Yanji were enrolled in this study. The capsid protein 2 (VP2) of FPV was amplified. It was cloned into the pMD-19T vector and transformed into a competent Escherichia coli strain. The positive colonies were analyzed via VP2 Sanger sequencing. A phylogenetic analysis based on a VP2 coding sequence was performed to identify the genetic relationships between the strains. RESULTS An FPV strain named YBYJ-1 was successfully isolated. The virus diameter was approximately 20-24 nm, 50% tissue culture infectious dose = 1 × 10-4.94/mL, which caused cytopathic effect in F81 cells. The epidemiological survey from 2021 to 2022 showed that 27 of the 80 samples were FPV-positive. Additionally, three strains positive for CPV-2c were unexpectedly found. Phylogenetic analysis showed that most of the 27 FPV strains belonged to the same group, and no mutations were found in the critical amino acids. CONCLUSIONS A local FPV strain named YBYJ-1 was successfully isolated. There was no critical mutation in FPV in Yanji, but some cases with CPV-2c infected cats were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Xue
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture, College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Chunyi Hu
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture, College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Haoyuan Ma
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture, College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Yanhao Song
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture, College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Kunru Zhu
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture, College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Jingfeng Fu
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture, College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Biying Mu
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture, College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture, College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
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Karanam B, Srinivas MV, Vasu J, Xavier AP, Karuppiah R, Shanmugam VP, Mukhopadhyay HK. Phylodynamic and genetic diversity of parvoviruses of cats in southern India. Virusdisease 2022; 33:108-113. [PMID: 35493752 PMCID: PMC9005569 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-022-00760-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and Canine parvovirus (CPV) infections are highly contagious diseases causing severe gastroenteritis with high fatality rates in cats. Realising the importance of cats as a potential source of genetic diversity for parvoviruses, the present study trace the evolutionary history and dynamics of parvovirus variants by characterizing the full-length viral polypeptide 2 (VP2) gene of parvovirus from domestic cats and cats from rescue shelters in Southern India. The study confirmed the presence of both CPV and FPV infections among the cat population. The full-length VP2 gene analysis of parvoviruses from cats; five had amino acid variations characteristic of FPV and one sequence was New CPV-2a/FPV. Three new mutations (hitherto not reported) were identified at 303rd, 441st and 554th amino acid positions. One potential recombination event was identified in VP2 sequence from a cat (New CPV-2a / FPV recombinant). The molecular analysis confirmed that cat populations are susceptible to CPV variants and FPV, thereby promoting superinfection and co-infection with multiple parvoviruses and potentially facilitating transmission, recombination and high genetic heterogeneity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-022-00760-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaswanth Karanam
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Puducherry, 605 009 India
| | - Mouttou Vivek Srinivas
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Puducherry, 605 009 India
| | - Jayalakshmi Vasu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Puducherry, 605 009 India
| | - Antony Prabhakar Xavier
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Puducherry, 605 009 India
| | - Rajkumar Karuppiah
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Venkatesa Permal Shanmugam
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Hirak Kumar Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Puducherry, 605 009 India
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8
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Emerging Parvoviruses in Domestic Cats. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061077. [PMID: 34200079 PMCID: PMC8229815 DOI: 10.3390/v13061077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvovirus infections in cats have been well known for around 100 years. Recently, the use of molecular assays and metagenomic approaches for virus discovery and characterization has led to the detection of novel parvovirus lineages and/or species infecting the feline host. However, the involvement of emerging parvoviruses in the onset of gastroenteritis or other feline diseases is still uncertain.
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9
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Hoang M, Wu CN, Lin CF, Nguyen HTT, Le VP, Chiou MT, Lin CN. Genetic characterization of feline panleukopenia virus from dogs in Vietnam reveals a unique Thr101 mutation in VP2. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9752. [PMID: 33083102 PMCID: PMC7560322 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) and feline parvovirus (FPV) are known as the main causes of several serious diseases and have a severe impact on puppies and kittens, respectively. FPV and new CPV-2 variants are all able to infect cats, causing diseases indistinguishable from feline panleukopenia. However, FPV only replicates efficiently in feline cells in vitro and replicates in dogs in the thymus and bone marrow without being shed in feces. In our previous study, the genotypes of six parvoviral isolates were unable to be identified using a SimpleProbe® real-time PCR assay. Methods In the present study, we characterized previously unidentified FPV-like viruses isolated from dogs in Vietnam. The six isolates were utilized to complete VP2 gene sequencing and to conduct phylogenetic analyses. Results Sequence analysis of the six parvoviral strains identified the species as being similar to FPV. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the complete VP2 genes of the strains are similar to those of FPV. The FPV-like strains contain a Thr101 mutation in the VP2 protein, which is different from prototype FPV strains. Discussion Our data provide evidence for the existence of changes in the charge, protein contact potential and molecular surface of the core of the receptor-binding size with an Ile101 to Thr101 mutation. This is also the first study to provide reliable evidence that FPV may be a threat to the Vietnamese dog population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Hoang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Cheng-Nan Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Fu Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Huong Thanh Thi Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Phan Le
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ming-Tang Chiou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Nan Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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10
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Liu M, Li M, Ma C, Shi C. Detection of canine parvovirus and feline panleukopenia virus in fecal samples by strand exchange amplification. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 32:880-886. [PMID: 32996420 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720962067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) and feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV) often cause acute enteric disease in their hosts. A simple, rapid, and effective method for the on-site detection of these viruses would be useful. We used a denaturation bubble-mediated strand exchange amplification (SEA) method to successfully detect CPV-2 and FPLV in fecal samples. SEA could detect as little as 3.6 pg/μL of CPV-2 and 6.6 pg/μL of FPLV genomic DNA following a 40-min incubation at an isothermal temperature of 61°C. Unlike PCR, SEA does not require complicated equipment, and positive samples produce a color change that can be visualized by the naked eye. Additionally, SEA is simpler than PCR because no extraction is needed, and heating of the fecal sample at 98°C can be performed with a heating block or water bath. This rapid and effective nucleic acid detection platform could be used as a point-of-care test for the detection of CPV-2 and FPLV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, the Clinical Laboratory Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Mengzhe Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, the Clinical Laboratory Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Cuiping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Chao Shi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, the Clinical Laboratory Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
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11
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Wang K, Du S, Wang Y, Wang S, Luo X, Zhang Y, Liu C, Wang H, Pei Z, Hu G. Isolation and identification of tiger parvovirus in captive siberian tigers and phylogenetic analysis of VP2 gene. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 75:103957. [PMID: 31299323 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of parvovirus, this study reports the isolation and characterization of a tiger parvovirus (TPV) named CHJL-Siberian Tiger-01/2017 from a captive Siberian tiger in Jilin Province, China. A phylogenetic tree based on the full-length VP2 nucleotide sequence was constructed using the isolated strain in this study and 56 reference strains. The results showed that all the parvoviruses can be grouped into two large branches: the canine parvovirus (CPV) branch and the feline parvovirus (FPV) branch. FPV strains comprised TPVs, FPVs, blue fox parvoviruses (BFPVs), mink enteritis viruses (MEVs), and raccoon feline parvoviruses (RFPVs), and CPV strains comprised CPVs and raccoon dog parvoviruses (RDPVs). RFPVs are also often very closely related to those sampled from other carnivorous species, and raccoons may represent conduits for parvovirus transmission to other hosts. The results of amino acid changes in the VP2 protein of the isolated strain showed that amino acid Ile 101 was mutated to Thr (I 101T). Taken together, a field TPV strain CHJL-Siberian Tiger-01/2017 was isolated, which may be suitable for future studies on FPV infection, replication and vaccine development. This study provided new important findings about the evolution of parvovirus infection in tigers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, PR China.
| | - Shuaishuai Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, PR China
| | - Yiqi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, PR China
| | - Shaoying Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, PR China
| | - Cunfa Liu
- Wildlife Ambulance Breeding Center of Jilin Province, Jingyue Street No.10500, Changchun, PR China
| | - Haijun Wang
- Wildlife Ambulance Breeding Center of Jilin Province, Jingyue Street No.10500, Changchun, PR China
| | - Zhihua Pei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, PR China
| | - Guixue Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, PR China
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12
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Porporato F, Horzinek MC, Hofmann-Lehmann R, Ferri F, Gerardi G, Contiero B, Vezzosi T, Rocchi P, Auriemma E, Lutz H, Zini E. Survival estimates and outcome predictors for shelter cats with feline panleukopenia virus infection. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019; 253:188-195. [PMID: 29963955 DOI: 10.2460/javma.253.2.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine survival estimates and outcome predictors for shelter cats with feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) infection. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. ANIMALS 177 shelter cats with FPV infection. PROCEDURES Medical records of cats treated for FPV infection from 2011 through 2013 were reviewed to collect information pertaining to signalment; history; results of physical examination, CBC, serum biochemical analysis, and blood gas analysis; and treatments (antimicrobials, antiparasitics, antivirals, antiemetics, analgesics, crystalloid or colloid solutions, and blood products). Survival time and outcome predictors were determined by means of Kaplan-Meier estimation, logistic regression, and mixed-model ANOVA. RESULTS Median survival time after hospital admission was 3 days; 20.3% (36/177) of cats survived to discharge from the hospital. Risk of nonsurvival was greater in cats with (vs without) signs of lethargy, rectal temperature < 37.9°C (I00.2°F), or low body weight at hospital admission. Lower (vs higher) leukocyte count on days 3,4, and 7 of hospitalization, but not at admission, was associated with nonsurvival. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, antiparasitics, and maropitant but not interferon-ω were associated with survival, whereas glucose infusion was associated with nonsurvival. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that FPV infection carried a poor prognosis for shelter cats. Several variables measured at admission or during hospitalization were associated with outcome. Remarkably and contrary to the existing literature, leukopenia at admission had no association with outcome, possibly owing to early prevention of complications.
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Abstract
Feline panleukopenia (FPL) is caused by a Carnivore protoparvovirus infection. Feline parvovirus (FPV) causes most cases. When Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) first emerged, it could not replicate in cats. All current CPV variants (CPV-2a-c) can infect cats to cause subclinical disease or FPL. Feline panleukopenia has re-emerged in Australia in shelter cats associated with failure to vaccinate. Parvoviruses can remain latent in mononuclear cells post-infection. Molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction are used to determine the infecting strain. Current perspectives on causes, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, prognostic indicators, and management of outbreaks in shelters are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa R Barrs
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, and Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases & Biosecurity, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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14
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Shelter-housed cats show no evidence of faecal shedding of canine parvovirus DNA. Vet J 2018; 239:54-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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15
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Oliveira IVPDM, Freire DADC, Ferreira HIP, Moura GHF, da Rocha CS, Calabuig CIP, Kurissio JK, Junior JPA, Antunes JMADP. Research on viral agents associated with feline reproductive problems reveals a high association with feline panleukopenia virus. Vet Anim Sci 2018; 6:75-80. [PMID: 32734056 PMCID: PMC7386638 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although reproductive failures (RF) such as abortion, stillbirth and neonatal mortality in cats are still under researched, it is known that many RF are caused by viral agents. This research surveyed the viral agent prevalence in queens with RF. Queens were excluded from the study if their RF was caused by issues other than infection, such as genetic, traumatic, hormonal or nutritional problems, or if they had a history of RF. Blood samples from 26 pregnant females with RF were collected for complete blood counts (BCC), renal/hepatic biochemistry and glycaemic analysis. Ultrasonography was performed to evaluate gestational age and foetal viability. When possible, placentas, humours and foetal tissues were collected. Blood samples were tested by PCR and qPCR for feline leukaemia virus (FeLV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), feline alphaherpesvirus 1 (FeHV-1) and carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (CPPV-1). All maternal samples were negative for FeLV, FIV and FeHV-1 and positive for CPPV-1. In addition, foetuses from one queen and three females were positive for CPPV-1 by qPCR and for feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) through DNA sequencing. The BCC and biochemistry results revealed significant neutrophilia, lymphopenia, monocytosis, and liver enzymes. These results provide the first description of an FPV agent causing only RF-related clinical signs in queens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilanna Vanessa Pristo de Medeiros Oliveira
- Hospital Veterinário Jerônimo Dix-Huit Rosado Maia, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Bairro Costa e Silva, Mossoró, RN 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Débora Alves de Carvalho Freire
- Hospital Veterinário Jerônimo Dix-Huit Rosado Maia, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Bairro Costa e Silva, Mossoró, RN 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Heider Irinaldo Pereira Ferreira
- Hospital Veterinário Jerônimo Dix-Huit Rosado Maia, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Bairro Costa e Silva, Mossoró, RN 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Hemylin Ferreira Moura
- Hospital Veterinário Jerônimo Dix-Huit Rosado Maia, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Bairro Costa e Silva, Mossoró, RN 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Célio Souza da Rocha
- Hospital Veterinário Jerônimo Dix-Huit Rosado Maia, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Bairro Costa e Silva, Mossoró, RN 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Irene Pérez Calabuig
- Hospital Veterinário Jerônimo Dix-Huit Rosado Maia, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Bairro Costa e Silva, Mossoró, RN 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Kazue Kurissio
- IBTEC, Instituto de Biotecnologia, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Alameda das Tecomarias, s/n, Chácara Capão Bonito, Botucatu, SP 18607-440, Brazil
| | - João Pessoa Araújo Junior
- IBTEC, Instituto de Biotecnologia, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Alameda das Tecomarias, s/n, Chácara Capão Bonito, Botucatu, SP 18607-440, Brazil
| | - João Marcelo Azevedo de Paula Antunes
- Hospital Veterinário Jerônimo Dix-Huit Rosado Maia, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Bairro Costa e Silva, Mossoró, RN 59625-900, Brazil
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16
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Development and evaluation of a gold nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic strip test for the detection of canine parvovirus. Arch Virol 2018; 163:2359-2368. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3846-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Balboni A, Bassi F, De Arcangeli S, Zobba R, Dedola C, Alberti A, Battilani M. Molecular analysis of carnivore Protoparvovirus detected in white blood cells of naturally infected cats. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:41. [PMID: 29402272 PMCID: PMC5799907 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cats are susceptible to feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and canine parvovirus (CPV) variants 2a, 2b and 2c. Detection of FPV and CPV variants in apparently healthy cats and their persistence in white blood cells (WBC) and other tissues when neutralising antibodies are simultaneously present, suggest that parvovirus may persist long-term in the tissues of cats post-infection without causing clinical signs. The aim of this study was to screen a population of 54 cats from Sardinia (Italy) for the presence of both FPV and CPV DNA within buffy coat samples using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The DNA viral load, genetic diversity, phylogeny and antibody titres against parvoviruses were investigated in the positive cats. Results Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 DNA was detected in nine cats (16.7%). Viral DNA was reassembled to FPV in four cats and to CPV (CPV-2b and 2c) in four cats; one subject showed an unusually high genetic complexity with mixed infection involving FPV and CPV-2c. Antibodies against parvovirus were detected in all subjects which tested positive to DNA parvoviruses. Conclusions The identification of FPV and CPV DNA in the WBC of asymptomatic cats, despite the presence of specific antibodies against parvoviruses, and the high genetic heterogeneity detected in one sample, confirmed the relevant epidemiological role of cats in parvovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Balboni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Francesca Bassi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Stefano De Arcangeli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Rosanna Zobba
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna, 2, Sassari, 07100, Italy
| | - Carla Dedola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna, 2, Sassari, 07100, Italy
| | - Alberto Alberti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna, 2, Sassari, 07100, Italy
| | - Mara Battilani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy.
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18
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Calderón MG, Romanutti C, Wilda M, D' Antuono A, Keller L, Giacomodonato MN, Mattion N, La Torre J. Resurgence of canine parvovirus 2a strain in the domestic dog population from Argentina. J Virol Methods 2015; 222:145-9. [PMID: 26115608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ninety-three rectal swab samples were taken, from dogs suspected of canine parvovirus (CPV) infection and analyzed by PCR. A fragment of the VP2 gene, was amplified in 41 (44%) of them, resulting CPV positive samples. Sequencing analysis of these PCR products showed that 37 samples (90.2%) belonged to the CPV2c type, whereas four samples (9.8%) were identified as CPV2a, which has not been found since 2008. It was also found that 24 out of 37 CPV2c samples (65%), carried the mutation Thr440Ala, whereas this mutation was absent in the four CPV2a strains reported herein. Using phylogenetic analysis of the full length VP2 gene, which was amplified by PCR in six local samples, it was seen that CPV2a Argentine strains reported in this study, were genetically closer to a previous local CPV2a isolate (year 2003) and to a South African CPV2a strain, than to any of the recently reported Uruguayan CPV2a strains. The results obtained in this work, together with those reported previously in Uruguay strongly suggest that, in spite of the geographical proximity, wild type CPV strains undergo different evolutive pathways in each country, resulting in the prevalence of different strains in related dog populations. Further extensive epidemiological studies are needed in order to improve the understanding of CPV evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gallo Calderón
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. Cesar Milstein, CONICET, Saladillo 2468, C1440FFX Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Carina Romanutti
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. Cesar Milstein, CONICET, Saladillo 2468, C1440FFX Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Wilda
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. Cesar Milstein, CONICET, Saladillo 2468, C1440FFX Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra D' Antuono
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. Cesar Milstein, CONICET, Saladillo 2468, C1440FFX Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leticia Keller
- Fundación de Estudios en Virología Animal (FEVAN), Saladillo 2468, C1440FFX Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica N Giacomodonato
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Paraguay 2155, p12, C1121ABG Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nora Mattion
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. Cesar Milstein, CONICET, Saladillo 2468, C1440FFX Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José La Torre
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. Cesar Milstein, CONICET, Saladillo 2468, C1440FFX Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Bingga G, Liu Z, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Lin L, Ding S, Guo P. High resolution melting curve analysis as a new tool for rapid identification of canine parvovirus type 2 strains. Mol Cell Probes 2014; 28:271-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Miranda C, Parrish CR, Thompson G. Canine parvovirus 2c infection in a cat with severe clinical disease. J Vet Diagn Invest 2014; 26:462-464. [PMID: 24670953 DOI: 10.1177/1040638714528502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) is considered the main pathogen responsible for acute gastroenteritis in dogs, causing vomiting and hemorrhagic enteritis mainly. However, infection in cats by CPV variants causes clinical signs similar to Feline panleukopenia virus. The current study reports a case of CPV-2c in a domestic cat, in Portugal. The findings suggest that more surveys are needed to know the true prevalence and significance of cats in CPV epidemiology worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Miranda
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal (Miranda, Thompson)Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO), InBio, Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal (Miranda, Thompson)Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Parrish)
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal (Miranda, Thompson)Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO), InBio, Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal (Miranda, Thompson)Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Parrish)
| | - Gertrude Thompson
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal (Miranda, Thompson)Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO), InBio, Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal (Miranda, Thompson)Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Parrish)
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Canine parvovirus type 2c identified from an outbreak of severe gastroenteritis in a litter in Sweden. Acta Vet Scand 2013; 55:64. [PMID: 24016358 PMCID: PMC3846929 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-55-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A litter of recently-vaccinated puppies in Sweden experienced signs of severe haemorrhagic gastroenteritis. Canine parvovirus (CPV) was suspected as the cause of this outbreak on the basis of the clinical signs and the presence of parvoviral antigen in the faeces from one of the affected pups - confirmed using a commercial in-clinic faecal antigen ELISA test kit. A concern was raised about whether the vaccine (which contained a live, attenuated strain of CPV) could have caused the disease and so further faecal samples from the affected pups were submitted for laboratory virus isolation and identification. On cell culture, two out of four faecal samples were found to be virus-positive. This was confirmed as being canine parvovirus by immuno-staining with CPV specific monoclonal antibody. The virus was then tested using a series of PCR probes designed to confirm the identity of CPV and to distinguish the unique vaccine strain from field virus. This confirmed that the virus was indeed CPV but that it was not vaccine strain. The virus was then typed by sequencing the 426 amino acid region of the capsid gene which revealed this to be a type 2c virus. Since its emergence in the late 1970s, canine parvovirus 2 (CPV2) has spread worldwide and is recognised as an important canine pathogen in all countries. The original CPV2 rapidly evolved into two antigenic variants, CPV2a and CPV2b, which progressively replaced the original CPV2. More recently a new antigenic variant, CPV2c, has appeared. To date this variant has been identified in many countries worldwide but there have been no reports yet of its presence in any Scandinavian countries. This case report therefore represents the first published evidence of the involvement of CPV2c in a severe outbreak of typical haemorrhagic gastroenteritis in a susceptible litter of pups in Scandinavia.
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22
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Duarte MD, Henriques AM, Barros SC, Fagulha T, Mendonça P, Carvalho P, Monteiro M, Fevereiro M, Basto MP, Rosalino LM, Barros T, Bandeira V, Fonseca C, Cunha MV. Snapshot of viral infections in wild carnivores reveals ubiquity of parvovirus and susceptibility of Egyptian mongoose to feline panleukopenia virus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59399. [PMID: 23527182 PMCID: PMC3603882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The exposure of wild carnivores to viral pathogens, with emphasis on parvovirus (CPV/FPLV), was assessed based on the molecular screening of tissue samples from 128 hunted or accidentally road-killed animals collected in Portugal from 2008 to 2011, including Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon, n = 99), red fox (Vulpes vulpes, n = 19), stone marten (Martes foina, n = 3), common genet (Genetta genetta, n = 3) and Eurasian badger (Meles meles, n = 4). A high prevalence of parvovirus DNA (63%) was detected among all surveyed species, particularly in mongooses (58%) and red foxes (79%), along with the presence of CPV/FPLV circulating antibodies that were identified in 90% of a subset of parvovirus-DNA positive samples. Most specimens were extensively autolysed, restricting macro and microscopic investigations for lesion evaluation. Whenever possible to examine, signs of active disease were not present, supporting the hypothesis that the parvovirus vp2 gene fragments detected by real-time PCR possibly correspond to viral DNA reminiscent from previous infections. The molecular characterization of viruses, based on the analysis of the complete or partial sequence of the vp2 gene, allowed typifying three viral strains of mongoose and four red fox's as feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV) and one stone marten's as newCPV-2b type. The genetic similarity found between the FPLV viruses from free-ranging and captive wild species originated in Portugal and publicly available comparable sequences, suggests a closer genetic relatedness among FPLV circulating in Portugal. Although the clinical and epidemiological significance of infection could not be established, this study evidences that exposure of sympatric wild carnivores to parvovirus is common and geographically widespread, potentially carrying a risk to susceptible populations at the wildlife-domestic interface and to threatened species, such as the wildcat (Felis silvestris) and the critically endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida D. Duarte
- INIAV, I.P.- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Unidade Estratégica de Produção e Saúde Animal, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Henriques
- INIAV, I.P.- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Unidade Estratégica de Produção e Saúde Animal, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Carla Barros
- INIAV, I.P.- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Unidade Estratégica de Produção e Saúde Animal, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa Fagulha
- INIAV, I.P.- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Unidade Estratégica de Produção e Saúde Animal, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paula Mendonça
- INIAV, I.P.- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Unidade Estratégica de Produção e Saúde Animal, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paulo Carvalho
- INIAV, I.P.- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Unidade Estratégica de Produção e Saúde Animal, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Madalena Monteiro
- INIAV, I.P.- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Unidade Estratégica de Produção e Saúde Animal, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Fevereiro
- INIAV, I.P.- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Unidade Estratégica de Produção e Saúde Animal, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mafalda P. Basto
- Universidade de Lisboa, Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Miguel Rosalino
- Universidade de Lisboa, Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório de Ecologia Isotópica/CENA, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Tânia Barros
- Departamento de Biologia and CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Victor Bandeira
- Departamento de Biologia and CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlos Fonseca
- Departamento de Biologia and CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mónica V. Cunha
- INIAV, I.P.- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Unidade Estratégica de Produção e Saúde Animal, Lisboa, Portugal
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Park SA, Park SY, Song CS, Choi IS, Kim HY, Lee JB, Lee NH. Development of a novel vaccine against canine parvovirus infection with a clinical isolate of the type 2b strain. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2012; 1:70-6. [PMID: 23596579 PMCID: PMC3623513 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2012.1.1.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In spite of an extensive vaccination program, parvoviral infections still pose a major threat to the health of dogs. Materials and Methods We isolated a novel canine parvovirus (CPV) strain from a dog with enteritis. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence analysis of the isolate showed that it is a novel type 2b CPV with asparagine at the 426th position and valine at the 555th position in VP2. To develop a vaccine against CPV infection, we passaged the isolate 4 times in A72 cells. Results The attenuated isolate conferred complete protection against lethal homologous CPV infection in dogs such that they did not develop any clinical symptoms, and their antibody titers against CPV were significantly high at 7-11 days post infection. Conclusion These results suggest that the virus isolate obtained after passaging can be developed as a novel vaccine against paroviral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Ah Park
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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Clegg S, Coyne K, Dawson S, Spibey N, Gaskell R, Radford A. Canine parvovirus in asymptomatic feline carriers. Vet Microbiol 2012; 157:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Decaro N, Carmichael LE, Buonavoglia C. Viral reproductive pathogens of dogs and cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2012; 42:583-98, vii. [PMID: 22482820 PMCID: PMC7114855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
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Muz D, Oğuzoğlu TC, Timurkan MO, Akın H. Characterization of the partial VP2 gene region of canine parvoviruses in domestic cats from Turkey. Virus Genes 2011; 44:301-8. [PMID: 22207487 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-011-0703-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvoviruses (CPVs) is a category comprising three closely related viruses, CPV, feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV), and mink enteritis virus, all of which cause serious diseases, especially in young cats. In this study, molecular detection and genetic analysis of a partial VP2 gene region of CPVs from domestic cats living in Turkey between 2006 and 2010 was performed by PCR amplification and sequence analysis. The results indicated that CPV-2a, CPV-2c, and FPLV were circulating in vaccinated and unvaccinated cats. This is the first description of molecular characterization of CPVs in domestic cats from Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Muz
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey
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Study of canine parvovirus evolution: comparative analysis of full-length VP2 gene sequences from Argentina and international field strains. Virus Genes 2011; 44:32-9. [PMID: 21858463 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-011-0659-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The continuous emergence of new strains of canine parvovirus (CPV), poorly protected by current vaccination, is a concern among breeders, veterinarians, and dog owners around the world. Therefore, the understanding of the genetic variation in emerging CPV strains is crucial for the design of disease control strategies, including vaccines. In this paper, we obtained the sequences of the full-length gene encoding for the main capsid protein (VP2) of 11 canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) Argentine representative field strains, selected from a total of 75 positive samples studied in our laboratory in the last 9 years. A comparative sequence analysis was performed on 9 CPV-2c, one CPV-2a, and one CPV-2b Argentine strains with respect to international strains reported in the GenBank database. In agreement with previous reports, a high degree of identity was found among CPV-2c Argentine strains (99.6-100% and 99.7-100% at nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively). However, the appearance of a new substitution in the 440 position (T440A) in four CPV-2c Argentine strains obtained after the year 2009 gives support to the variability observed for this position located within the VP2, three-fold spike. This is the first report on the genetic characterization of the full-length VP2 gene of emerging CPV strains in South America and shows that all the Argentine CPV-2c isolates cluster together with European and North American CPV-2c strains.
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Calderón MG, Romanutti C, D' Antuono A, Keller L, Mattion N, La Torre J. Evolution of canine parvovirus in Argentina between years 2003 and 2010: CPV2c has become the predominant variant affecting the domestic dog population. Virus Res 2011; 157:106-10. [PMID: 21354224 PMCID: PMC7127160 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The current frequency of Canine Parvovirus variants (CPV2a, CPV2b and CPV2c) in the Argentine dog population was investigated by PCR amplification of a 583 bp fragment in the VP2 gene. From a total of 79 rectal swab samples that have been submitted to our laboratory since 2008, 55 (69.6%) resulted positive and were further analyzed by direct DNA sequencing. Fifty positives samples (91%) were characterized as CPV2c variant, which appeared in Argentina in the year 2003 and has been the prevalent type since 2008, whereas CPV2a and CPV2b, still found in Argentine dogs, were represented in 3.6% and 5.4% of the population, respectively. Considering that CPV2c is spreading worldwide, and that this variant is also affecting vaccinated dogs, efforts should be made towards the development of new matched CPV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gallo Calderón
- Centro de Virología Animal, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. Cesar Milstein, CONICET, Saladillo 2468, C1440FFX, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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30
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Decaro N, Desario C, Amorisco F, Losurdo M, Colaianni ML, Greco MF, Buonavoglia C. Canine parvovirus type 2c infection in a kitten associated with intracranial abscess and convulsions. J Feline Med Surg 2011; 13:231-6. [PMID: 21208817 PMCID: PMC7172213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Revised: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A case of canine parvovirus type 2c (CPV-2c) infection in a 3-month-old feral kitten with a cerebral abscess and neurological disease is reported. The cat displayed ataxia and convulsions together with signs of gastroenteritis and profound alteration of the total and differential white blood cell counts. A parvovirus strain was detected by a TaqMan assay in the blood and faeces of the affected kitten, which was characterised as CPV by means of molecular assays but did not react with any of the CPV type-specific probes. By sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the VP2-protein gene, the CPV-2c strain displayed a non-coding mutation in the probe-binding region. Although the role of CPV-2c in this particular case is unclear, it is possible that it predisposed the kitten to the clinical signs seen. Continuous surveillance is needed to monitor future spreading of this CPV-2c mutant, and any associated clinical signs, in the dog and cat population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Bari, Strada per Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
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31
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Ntafis V, Xylouri E, Kalli I, Desario C, Mari V, Decaro N, Buonavoglia C. Characterization of Canine parvovirus 2 variants circulating in Greece. J Vet Diagn Invest 2010; 22:737-40. [PMID: 20807931 DOI: 10.1177/104063871002200512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to characterize Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) variants currently circulating in Greece. Between March 2008 and March 2009, 167 fecal samples were collected from diarrheic dogs from different regions of Greece. Canine parvovirus 2 was detected by standard polymerase chain reaction, whereas minor groove binder probe assays were used to distinguish genetic variants and discriminate between vaccine and field strains. Of 84 CPV-2-positive samples, 81 CPV-2a, 1 CPV-2b, and 2 CPV-2c were detected. Vaccine strains were not detected in any sample. Sequence analysis of the VP2 gene of the 2 CPV-2c viruses revealed up to 100% amino acid identity with the CPV-2c strains previously detected in Europe. The results indicated that, unlike other European countries, CPV-2a remains the most common variant in Greece, and that the CPV-2c variant found in Europe is also present in Greece.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Ntafis
- Agricultural University of Athens, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Athens, Greece
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32
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Demeter Z, Palade EA, Soós T, Farsang A, Jakab C, Rusvai M. Misleading results of the MboII-based identification of type 2a canine parvovirus strains from Hungary reacting as type 2c strains. Virus Genes 2010; 41:37-42. [PMID: 20390334 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-010-0478-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 canine parvovirus (CPV2) infection is one of the most frequent causes of death in the young, susceptible canine populations worldwide. Since its emergence in the 1970s, several variants have been described. In the present study the authors describe the genetic analysis of 24 Hungarian CPV2 strains collected from 2004 to 2008. Surprisingly, the genetic and phylogenetic investigations of all these strains revealed that all of them were type 2a CPVs. On the other hand, the genetic analysis provided substantial evidence to demonstrate that due to a seemingly constant point mutation present in most of the Hungarian CPV2a strains, a previously described MboII-based rapid identification of CPV2c strains unfortunately cannot be reliably used any more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Demeter
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, István u. 2, Budapest, 1078, Hungary.
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Characterisation of canine parvovirus strains isolated from cats with feline panleukopenia. Res Vet Sci 2010; 89:275-8. [PMID: 20334885 PMCID: PMC7118797 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2009] [Revised: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Unlike the original canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), CPV-2 variants have gained the ability to replicate in vivo in cats but there is limited information on the disease patterns induced by these variants in the feline host. During 2008, two distinct cases of parvoviral infection were diagnosed in our laboratories. A CPV-2a variant was identified in a 3-month-old Persian kitten displaying clinical sign of feline panleukopenia (FPL) (acute gastroenteritis and marked leukopenia) and oral ulcerations, that died eight days after the onset of the disease. Two pups living in the same pet shop as the cat were found to shed a CPV-2a strain genetically identical to the feline virus and were likely the source of infection. Also, non-fatal infection by a CPV-2c strain occurred in a 2.5-month-old European shorthair kitten displaying non-haemorrhagic diarrhoea and normal white blood cell counts. By sequence analysis of the major capsid protein (VP2) gene, the feline CPV-2c strain showed 100% identity to a recent canine type-2c isolate. Both kittens had been administered multivalent vaccines against common feline pathogens including FPL virus. Whether and to which extent the FPL vaccines can protect cats adequately from the antigenic variants of CPV-2 should be assessed.
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Hoelzer K, Parrish CR. The emergence of parvoviruses of carnivores. Vet Res 2010; 41:39. [PMID: 20152105 PMCID: PMC2844231 DOI: 10.1051/vetres/2010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of canine parvovirus (CPV) represents a well-documented example highlighting the emergence of a new virus through cross-species transmission. CPV emerged in the mid-1970s as a new pathogen of dogs and has since become endemic in the global dog population. Despite widespread vaccination, CPV has remained a widespread disease of dogs, and new genetic and antigenic variants have arisen and sometimes reached high frequency in certain geographic regions or throughout the world. Here we review our understanding of this emergence event and contrast it to what is known about the emergence of a disease in mink caused by mink enteritis virus (MEV). In addition, we summarize the evolution of CPV over the past 30 years in the global dog population, and describe the epidemiology of contemporary parvovirus infections of dogs and cats. CPV represents a valuable model for understanding disease emergence through cross-species transmission, while MEV provides an interesting comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hoelzer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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35
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Streck AF, de Souza CK, Gonçalves KR, Zang L, Pinto LD, Canal CW. First detection of canine parvovirus type 2c in Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2009. [PMID: 24031389 PMCID: PMC3768551 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822009000300008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), 2a and 2b has been described in Brazil, however, the type 2c had not been reported until now. In the current study, seven out of nine samples from dogs with diarrhea were characterized as CPV-2c, indicating that this virus is already circulating in the Brazilian canine population.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Felipe Streck
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil , Porto Alegre, RS , Brasil
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36
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Calderon MG, Mattion N, Bucafusco D, Fogel F, Remorini P, La Torre J. Molecular characterization of canine parvovirus strains in Argentina: Detection of the pathogenic variant CPV2c in vaccinated dogs. J Virol Methods 2009; 159:141-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Revised: 03/04/2009] [Accepted: 03/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Simple tests for rapid detection of canine parvovirus antigen and canine parvovirus-specific antibodies. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2008; 16:127-31. [PMID: 18987166 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00304-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is the number one viral cause of enteritis, morbidity, and mortality in 8-week-old young puppies. We have developed twin assays (slide agglutination test [SAT] for CPV antigen and slide inhibition test [SIT] for CPV antibody) that are sensitive, specific, cost-effective, generic for all genotypes of CPV, and provide instant results for CPV antigen detection in feces and antibody quantification in serum. We found these assays to be useful for routine applications in kennels with large numbers of puppies at risk. The results of these assays are available in 1 min and do not require any special instrumentation. SAT-SIT technology will find applications in rapid screening of samples for other hemagglutinating emerging viruses of animals and humans (influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus).
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38
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Prevalence and genetic characterization of canine parvoviruses in Korea. Virus Genes 2008; 36:127-33. [PMID: 18181016 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-007-0189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2007] [Accepted: 12/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of canine parvovirus (CPV) variants in dog was investigated in a total of 51 fecal samples submitted over a 2-year period (2005-2007) in Korea. The CPV VP2 gene was amplified and sequenced from the fecal samples, and the results indicated that of the 51 samples, 49 samples belong to the CPV-2a family, 1 to CPV-2b, and the remaining 1 to CPV-2a variant. The VP2 gene of 20 isolates was sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was conducted. With one exception, all of the isolates were closely related to a Taiwanese isolate (CPV T37) and they formed geographical patterns of VP2 gene nucleotide sequences. Our finding showed that CPV-2a was the predominant type and CPV-2b and CPV-2a variant also existed in Korea. Using the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and the neutralization (Nt) test, the animals inoculated with CPV-2 developed low antibody titers against the CPV-2 variants in laboratory animal was also identified.
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39
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JEOUNG SY, AHN SJ, KIM D. Genetic Analysis of VP2 Gene of Canine Parvovirus Isolates in Korea. J Vet Med Sci 2008; 70:719-22. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.70.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Young JEOUNG
- School of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University
| | - So-Jeo AHN
- School of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University
| | - Doo KIM
- School of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University
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40
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OHSHIMA T, HISAKA M, KAWAKAMI K, KISHI M, TOHYA Y, MOCHIZUKI M. Chronological Analysis of Canine Parvovirus Type 2 Isolates in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2008; 70:769-75. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.70.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa OHSHIMA
- Advanced Technology Development Center, Kyoritsu Seiyaku Corporation
| | - Mitsuaki HISAKA
- Advanced Technology Development Center, Kyoritsu Seiyaku Corporation
| | - Kazuo KAWAKAMI
- Advanced Technology Development Center, Kyoritsu Seiyaku Corporation
| | - Masahiko KISHI
- Advanced Technology Development Center, Kyoritsu Seiyaku Corporation
| | - Yukinobu TOHYA
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Masami MOCHIZUKI
- Advanced Technology Development Center, Kyoritsu Seiyaku Corporation
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Kyoritsu Seiyaku Corporation
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41
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Spibey N, Greenwood NM, Sutton D, Chalmers WSK, Tarpey I. Canine parvovirus type 2 vaccine protects against virulent challenge with type 2c virus. Vet Microbiol 2007; 128:48-55. [PMID: 18006253 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2007] [Revised: 09/13/2007] [Accepted: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ability of dogs vaccinated with a live attenuated CPV type 2 (Nobivac Intervet) vaccine to resist challenge with a current CPV2c isolate was investigated. Six SPF beagle dogs were given the minimum recommended course of vaccination, comprising a single inoculation of vaccine (Nobivac Lepto+Nobivac Pi) at 8-10 weeks of age followed 3 weeks later with a parvovirus vaccine in combination with distemper, adenovirus and parainfluenza virus (Nobivac DHPPi) and a repeat leptospirosis vaccine. Six control dogs were kept unvaccinated. All animals were challenged orally with a type 2c isolate of CPV and monitored for clinical signs, virus shedding, white blood cell fluctuations and serological responses. All vaccinated dogs were fully protected; showing no clinical signs nor shedding challenge virus in the faeces, in contrast to control animals, which displayed all the typical signs of infection with pathogenic CPV and shed challenge virus in the faeces.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Spibey
- Intervet UK Ltd, Walton Manor, Milton Keynes, UK.
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42
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Decaro N, Desario C, Lucente MS, Amorisco F, Campolo M, Elia G, Cavalli A, Martella V, Buonavoglia C. Specific identification of feline panleukopenia virus and its rapid differentiation from canine parvoviruses using minor groove binder probes. J Virol Methods 2007; 147:67-71. [PMID: 17850892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2007] [Revised: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Taking into account reports of the isolation of canine parvoviruses (CPVs) from faecal samples of cats, we developed a real-time PCR assay, based on minor groove binder (MGB) probe technology, for rapid discrimination between true feline panleukopenia viruses (FPLVs) from CPVs. The assay takes advantage of a single nucleotide polymorphism at position 3753 of the viral genome (corresponding to residue 323 of the capsid VP2 protein) and of the ability of MGB probes to bind specifically only to perfectly complementary sequences. The FPV/CPV assay was proven to be highly specific, sensitive and reproducible and correlated well with a TaqMan assay able to recognise canine as well as feline parvoviruses. Using this assay for extensive molecular surveys will provide precise information on the real circulation of the CPV antigenic variants, including the new variant 2c, in cat population worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Decaro
- Department of Animal Health and Well-being, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
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43
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Elia G, Cavalli A, Desario C, Lorusso E, Lucente MS, Decaro N, Martella V, Buonavoglia C. Detection of infectious canine parvovirus type 2 by mRNA real-time RT-PCR. J Virol Methods 2007; 146:202-8. [PMID: 17692932 PMCID: PMC7112852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2007] [Revised: 06/22/2007] [Accepted: 06/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A TaqMan real-time RT-PCR assay was developed for detection of RNA transcripts produced by replicating CPV-2. A pair of primers and a TaqMan probe targeting the spliced NS2 mRNA were designed. A synthetic DNA fragment was constructed to mimic the spliced NS2 mRNA by PCR-based gene assembly and was used for generation of standard RNAs. The detection limit of the assay was 1 × 102 RNA copies and standard curve displayed a linear range from 1 × 102 to 1 × 109 copies and a good reproducibility. The assay was then applied to determine the mRNA loads in the tissues of dogs naturally infected by CPV-2. mRNA was detected in a variety of tissues, including the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Elia
- Department of Animal Health and Well-being, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Bari, S.p. per Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
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44
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Nelson CD, Palermo LS, Hafenstein SL, Parrish CR. Different mechanisms of antibody-mediated neutralization of parvoviruses revealed using the Fab fragments of monoclonal antibodies. Virology 2007; 361:283-93. [PMID: 17217977 PMCID: PMC1991280 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2006] [Revised: 10/25/2006] [Accepted: 11/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Antibody binding and neutralization are major host defenses against viruses, yet the mechanisms are often not well understood. Eight monoclonal antibodies and their Fab fragments were tested for neutralization of canine parvovirus and feline panleukopenia virus. All IgGs neutralized >85% of virus infectivity. Two Fabs neutralized when present at 5 nM, while the others gave little or no neutralization even at 20-100 nM. The antibodies bind two antigenic sites on the capsids which overlap the binding site of the host transferrin receptor (TfR). There was no specific correlation between Fab binding affinity and neutralization. All Fabs reduced capsid binding of virus to purified feline TfR in vitro, but the highly neutralizing Fabs were more efficient competitors. All partially prevented binding and uptake of capsids by feline TfR on cells. The virus appears adapted to allow some infectivity in the presence of at least low levels of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian D.S. Nelson
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Collegeof Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Laura S. Palermo
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Collegeof Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Susan L. Hafenstein
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lilley Hall, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1392 USA
| | - Colin R. Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Collegeof Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
- *Corresponding author: Colin R. Parrish, Baker Institute for Animal Health, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA Telephone: (607) 256-5649 Fax: (607) 256-5608
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45
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Decaro N, Martella V, Elia G, Desario C, Campolo M, Buonavoglia D, Bellacicco AL, Tempesta M, Buonavoglia C. Diagnostic tools based on minor groove binder probe technology for rapid identification of vaccinal and field strains of canine parvovirus type 2b. J Virol Methods 2006; 138:10-6. [PMID: 16911835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2006] [Revised: 07/05/2006] [Accepted: 07/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
TaqMan-based diagnostic tests have been developed for the identification of canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) strains in the faeces of dogs with diarrhoea, including a minor groove binder (MGB) probe assay for identification of type 2-based vaccines and field strains (types 2a, 2b and 2c). Since type 2b vaccines have been licensed recently in Europe, two novel MGB assays were developed for discrimination between type 2b vaccines and field strains of CPV. Such assays have been found to be highly sensitive, specific and reproducible, allowing for simultaneous detection of type 2b vaccinal and field strains present in the same specimens. These new assays will help resolution of the diagnostic problems related to the detection of a type 2b strain in the faeces of dogs shortly after the administration of a type 2b vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Decaro
- Department of Animal Health and Well-being, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
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46
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Decaro N, Martella V, Desario C, Bellacicco AL, Camero M, Manna L, d'Aloja D, Buonavoglia C. First detection of canine parvovirus type 2c in pups with haemorrhagic enteritis in Spain. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. B, INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH 2006; 53:468-72. [PMID: 17123424 PMCID: PMC7165763 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.2006.00974.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), the aetiological agent of haemorrhagic enteritis in dogs, includes three antigenic variants, types 2a, 2b and 2c. CPV-2c has been detected initially in Italy and subsequently in Vietnam. We report the first identification of this novel antigenic variant in Spain, where it caused an outbreak of fatal enteritis in basset hound pups in association with canine coronavirus type I and type II. We suggest that this new antigenic variant of CPV-2 could spread throughout Europe and that there is a subsequent need to update current CPV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Decaro
- Department of Animal Health and Well-being, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy.
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Decaro N, Martella V, Elia G, Desario C, Campolo M, Lorusso E, Colaianni ML, Lorusso A, Buonavoglia C. Tissue distribution of the antigenic variants of canine parvovirus type 2 in dogs. Vet Microbiol 2006; 121:39-44. [PMID: 17169509 PMCID: PMC7125685 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2006] [Revised: 11/13/2006] [Accepted: 11/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Twelve dogs dead as consequence of natural infection caused by canine parvovirus (CPV) type 2a (n=4), type 2b (n=4) or type 2c (n=4) were investigated for determining the viral DNA loads in different tissue samples. By means of a real-time PCR assay, CPV DNA was detected in all tissues examined, with the highest titres observed in the lymphoid tissue and the lowest loads in the urinary tract. Surprisingly, the nervous tissue was found to contain considerable amounts of CPV nucleic acid. Similar patterns of tissue distribution were observed in all the examined dogs irrespective of the antigenic variant causing the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Decaro
- Department of Animal Health and Well-being, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
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Martella V, Decaro N, Buonavoglia C. Evolution of CPV-2 and implication for antigenic/genetic characterization. Virus Genes 2006; 33:11-3. [PMID: 16791413 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-005-0034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2005] [Accepted: 09/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A few amino acid differences in the viral protein VP2 account for important antigenic and biological changes among feline parvovirus (FPV), canine parvovirus (CPV-2) and CPV-2 variants 2a and 2b. Several pieces of evidence suggest that CPV-2 is still evolving as additional amino acid changes occurred within the main antigenic regions of CPV-2 capsid, altering the antigenic profile of the virus and stressing the need for implementing the diagnostic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Martella
- Department of Animal Health and Well-being, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, S.p. per Casamassima km 3, 70010, Valenzano, Bari, Italia.
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Decaro N, Elia G, Desario C, Roperto S, Martella V, Campolo M, Lorusso A, Cavalli A, Buonavoglia C. A minor groove binder probe real-time PCR assay for discrimination between type 2-based vaccines and field strains of canine parvovirus. J Virol Methods 2006; 136:65-70. [PMID: 16682086 PMCID: PMC7119799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2005] [Revised: 03/28/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A minor groove binder (MGB) probe assay was developed to discriminate between type 2-based vaccines and field strains of canine parvovirus (CPV). Considering that most of the CPV vaccines contain the old type 2, no longer circulating in canine population, two MGB probes specific for CPV-2 and the antigenic variants (types 2a, 2b and 2c), respectively, were labeled with different fluorophores. The MGB probe assay was able to discriminate correctly between the old type and the variants, with a detection limit of 10(1) DNA copies and a good reproducibility. Quantitation of the viral DNA loads was accurate, as demonstrated by comparing the CPV DNA titres to those calculated by means of the TaqMan assay recognising all CPV types. This assay will ensure resolution of most diagnostic problems in dogs showing CPV disease shortly after CPV vaccination, although it does not discriminate between field strains and type 2b-based vaccines, recently licensed to market in some countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Decaro
- Department of Animal Health and Well-being, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy.
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Chinchkar SR, Mohana Subramanian B, Hanumantha Rao N, Rangarajan PN, Thiagarajan D, Srinivasan VA. Analysis of VP2 gene sequences of canine parvovirus isolates in India. Arch Virol 2006; 151:1881-7. [PMID: 16583153 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-006-0753-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2005] [Accepted: 02/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The epidemiology of canine parvovirus (CPV) infections in dogs in India was examined using 27 isolates collected during a two-year period. The VP2 genes of 22 isolates were sequenced, and the deduced amino acid sequences were compared. The results indicated that the isolates belonged to CPV type 2a except four, which belonged to CPV type 2b. Comparison of the VP2 gene sequences revealed that the Indian isolates formed separate lineages distinct from the South East Asian isolates. The canine parvovirus isolates in India appear to evolve independently, and distinct geographical patterns of evolution could not be discerned in the isolates examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Chinchkar
- Indian Immunologicals Ltd, Gachibowli (PO), Hyderabad, India
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