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Negm AE, Abo-Raya MH, Gabr AM, Baloza SH, El-Nokrashy A, Prince A, Arana D, Wang Y, Abdelazeem S, Albadrani GM, Al-Ghadi MQ, Abdeen A, Shukry M, El-Sayed Khalafallah MM. Effects of phytase enzyme supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology and metabolism in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:891-908. [PMID: 38356017 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Phytase is crucial in enhancing the bioavailability and release of phosphorus and other nutrients bound to phytic acid, making them more bioavailable for animal absorption. This study was carried out to inspect the effect of supplementing low phosphorus (P) diet with di-calcium phosphate (DCP) and liquid phytase enzyme (LP), which contains 1500 FTU/kg, on growth performance, intestinal morphometry, proximate body chemical composition, blood profile, immunity status, liver mitochondrial enzyme activities, the expression response and economic returns of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Three triplicate groups of fish (initial weight 5.405 ± 0.045 g, N = 90) were fed on three different diets for 90 days. The first was a control diet with zero DCP; the second was a control diet supplemented with 0.71% DCP; the third was a control diet supplemented with 0.03% LP. The groups were designated as CG, DCP and LP, respectively. Results showed that LP induced considerable improvements (p < 0.05) in FBW, body weight gain, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, HIS, viscero-somatic index, spleen-somatic index, feed conversion ratio, blood parameters and the histomorphometry assessment of intestinal villi absorptive capacity, compared with the other groups. Also, whole-body protein and lipid contents pointedly (p < 0.05) increased by LP, compared with the DCP group. A positive response (p < 0.05) to the phytase enzyme was noted in complexes I, III and IV of the mitochondrial liver complex enzyme activity. Likewise, the relative gene expression levels of (GHr-1, IGF-1, FAS and LPL) were notably (p < 0.05) upregulated by phytase enzyme, associated with DCP and control groups. Further, phytase recorded the highest total return and profit percentage. It can be concluded that Nile tilapia benefits from using phytase enzyme 1500 FTU/kg at 0.03% without adding DCP in terms of good performance and profits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Negm
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Abo-Raya
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Gabr
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Samar H Baloza
- Genetic and Genetic Engineering, Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Asmaa El-Nokrashy
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Abdelbary Prince
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shimaa Abdelazeem
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Ghadeer M Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muath Q Al-Ghadi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdeen
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Malik M El-Sayed Khalafallah
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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Chen G, Ran Y, Ma Y, Chen Z, Li Z, Chen Y. Influence of Rahnella aquatilis on arsenic accumulation by Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara for the phytoremediation of arsenic-contaminated water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:44354-44360. [PMID: 33851290 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara is a suitable submerged plant for the phytoremediation of As-contaminated water. Rahnella aquatilis is one of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Influences of R. aquatilis on the arsenic accumulation and detoxification of V. natans were investigated. The results showed that As accumulation by V. natans could be significantly improved after R. aquatilis inoculated at the lower level of As (< 2 mg/L). At 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/L As levels, the As concentrations of V. natans with R. aquatilis were respectively 100.40%, 57.96%, and 22.62% higher than that of V. natans with no R. aquatilis. The concentration of As in V. natans was increased with the increasing the As concentration up to 1 mg/L, but it was decreased at 2 mg/L As. The correlation analysis showed that the As accumulated in the plant was positive correlated (R2 = 0.977, p < 0.01) with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) produced by R. aquatilis under different As levels. IAA may be the major factor affecting the As accumulation of V. natans. The results of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase, hydrogen peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase indicated that IAA produced by R. aquatilis had alleviated the arsenic stress on V. natans. The synthesis of IAA by R. aquatilis was related to the As levels. When the As was at 2 mg/L, the IAA that produced by R. aquatilis decreased and the promotion of R. aquatilis on As accumulation by V. natans reduced. However, R. aquatilis has a positive influence on the arsenic accumulation by V. natans at the lower As levels (< 2 mg/L), and it may be a potentially useful way to improve the removal of arsenic from contaminated water using submerged plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Chen
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Clean-utilization and Mine Environment Protection, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanlin Ran
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Clean-utilization and Mine Environment Protection, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Ma
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Clean-utilization and Mine Environment Protection, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Chen
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Clean-utilization and Mine Environment Protection, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixian Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Clean-utilization and Mine Environment Protection, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanqi Chen
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Clean-utilization and Mine Environment Protection, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, People's Republic of China
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Younus H, Ahmad S, Alam MF. Correlation between the Activity of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase and Oxidative Stress Markers in the Saliva of Diabetic Patients. Protein Pept Lett 2020; 27:67-73. [PMID: 31577196 PMCID: PMC6978645 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666191002115121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive aldehydes are involved in diseases associated with oxidative stress, including diabetes. Human salivary aldehyde dehydrogenase (hsALDH) presumably protects us from many toxic ingredient/contaminant aldehydes present in food. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to probe the activity of hsALDH in patients with diabetes and than to correlate it with various oxidative stress markers in the saliva. METHODS The saliva samples were collected from total 161 diabetic patients from Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Diabetes, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (JNMC), AMU, Aligarh, (India). HsALDH activity and markers of oxidative stress [8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHDG), malondialdehyde (MDA) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs)] were measured in the saliva samples. RESULTS Patients with early stage of diabetes had higher activity of hsALDH when compared with the control group. As the history of diabetes increases, the activity of the enzyme decreases and also higher oxidative stress markers (8-OHDG, MDA and AGEs) are detected in the saliva samples. Negative significant correlation between hsALDH activity and oxidative stress markers were observed (p <0.0001). CONCLUSION The activity of hsALDH increases in early stages of diabetes most probably to counter the increased oxidative stress associated with diabetes. However, in later stages of diabetes, the activity of the enzyme decreases, possibly due to its inactivation resulting from glycation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Younus
- Enzymology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India,Address correspondence to this author at the Enzymology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India; Tel: +91 571 2720388; Fax: +91 571 2721776; E-mails: ;
| | - Sumbul Ahmad
- Enzymology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Md. Fazle Alam
- Enzymology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
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Jiang X, Lin D, Shao H, Yang X. Antioxidant properties of Komagataeibacter hansenii CGMCC 3917 and its ameliorative effects on alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2019.1584647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Jiang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi‘an, China
| | - Dehui Lin
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi‘an, China
| | - Hongjun Shao
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi‘an, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi‘an, China
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The Effect of Sepsis on the Erythrocyte. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091932. [PMID: 28885563 PMCID: PMC5618581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis induces a wide range of effects on the red blood cell (RBC). Some of the effects including altered metabolism and decreased 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate are preventable with appropriate treatment, whereas others, including decreased erythrocyte deformability and redistribution of membrane phospholipids, appear to be permanent, and factors in RBC clearance. Here, we review the effects of sepsis on the erythrocyte, including changes in RBC volume, metabolism and hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen, morphology, RBC deformability (an early indicator of sepsis), antioxidant status, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, membrane proteins, membrane phospholipid redistribution, clearance and RBC O₂-dependent adenosine triphosphate efflux (an RBC hypoxia signaling mechanism involved in microvascular autoregulation). We also consider the causes of these effects by host mediated oxidant stress and bacterial virulence factors. Additionally, we consider the altered erythrocyte microenvironment due to sepsis induced microvascular dysregulation and speculate on the possible effects of RBC autoxidation. In future, a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in sepsis induced erythrocyte pathophysiology and clearance may guide improved sepsis treatments. Evidence that small molecule antioxidants protect the erythrocyte from loss of deformability, and more importantly improve septic patient outcome suggest further research in this area is warranted. While not generally considered a critical factor in sepsis, erythrocytes (and especially a smaller subpopulation) appear to be highly susceptible to sepsis induced injury, provide an early warning signal of sepsis and are a factor in the microvascular dysfunction that has been associated with organ dysfunction.
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Odhiambo A, Perlman DH, Huang H, Costello CE, Farber HW, Steinberg MH, McComb ME, Klings ES. Identification of oxidative post-translational modification of serum albumin in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and pulmonary hypertension of sickle cell anemia. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:2195-203. [PMID: 17569101 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) in sickle cell anemia (SCA) is characterized by decreased nitric oxide bioavailability that might, in part, be related to oxidative stress. Oxidative post-translational modifications of plasma proteins may serve as hallmarks of disease severity and could result in altered protein function and structure. We hypothesized that serum albumin in patients with PH of SCA undergoes oxidative post-translational modification and that this modification may reflect important mediators of disease pathogenesis that are common to both idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and PH of SCA. To explore this hypothesis, we studied albumin purified from the plasma of patients in four subject groups: SCA and PH, SCA steady-state without PH, IPAH, and normal volunteers. Purified albumin was analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Using MALDI-TOFMS, we identified that an ion corresponding to a malondialdehyde (MDA)-modified albumin peptide was differentially present in patients with IPAH and PH of SCA. These results were confirmed by dot-blotting and Western analysis. We localized the site of MDA modification to albumin residue K159 using LC/MS/MS. Thus, we have identified an MDA modification of serum albumin that appears to be a common link between PH of SCA and IPAH. This finding supports the notion that oxidative stress modulates the pathogenesis of PH of SCA and suggests that this and other post-translational modifications may be important biomarkers of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Odhiambo
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Walter PB, Fung EB, Killilea DW, Jiang Q, Hudes M, Madden J, Porter J, Evans P, Vichinsky E, Harmatz P. Oxidative stress and inflammation in iron-overloaded patients with beta-thalassaemia or sickle cell disease. Br J Haematol 2006; 135:254-63. [PMID: 17010049 PMCID: PMC2185791 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2006.06277.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Blood transfusion therapy is life-saving for patients with beta-thalassaemia and sickle cell disease (SCD), but often results in severe iron overload. This pilot study examined whether the biomarkers of tissue injury or inflammation differ in these two diseases. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly increased 1.8-fold in thalassaemia relative to control patients. In contrast, MDA in SCD was not significantly different from controls. In multivariate analysis, the strongest predictors of elevated MDA were liver iron concentration (P < 0.001) and specific diagnosis (P = 0.019). A significant 2-fold elevation of non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI) was observed in thalassaemia relative to SCD. NTBI was not a significant predictor of high MDA in multivariate analysis. SCD patients showed a significant 2.2-fold elevation of the inflammatory marker interleukin (IL)-6 relative to controls, and a 3.6- and 1.7-fold increase in IL-5 and IL-10 relative to thalassaemia. Although alpha-tocopherol was significantly decreased by at least 32% in both thalassaemia and SCD, indicating ongoing oxidant stress and antioxidant consumption, gamma-tocopherol, a nitric oxide-selective antioxidant, was increased 36% in SCD relative to thalassaemia. These results demonstrate that thalassaemia patients have increased MDA and circulating NTBI relative to SCD patients and lower levels of some cytokines and gamma-tocopherol. This supports the hypothesis that the biology of SCD may show increased inflammation and increased levels of protective antioxidants compared with thalassaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick B. Walter
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children’s Hospital and Research Center, Oakland
| | - Ellen B. Fung
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital and Research Center Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA
| | | | - Qing Jiang
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland
| | - Mark Hudes
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Children’s Hospital and Research Center, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Madden
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children’s Hospital and Research Center, Oakland
| | - John Porter
- Department of Haematology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Patricia Evans
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Children’s Hospital and Research Center, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Elliott Vichinsky
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital and Research Center Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Paul Harmatz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children’s Hospital and Research Center, Oakland
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8
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Chetty KN, Conway R, Harris KC, Dorsey WC, Hill D, Chetty S, Yerrapragada R, Jain S. Dietary supplementation with olive oil influences iron concentrations in rats. Nutr Res 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0271-5317(99)00122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wassell J, Davies S, Bardsley W, Boulton M. The photoreactivity of the retinal age pigment lipofuscin. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:23828-32. [PMID: 10446145 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.34.23828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of the age pigment lipofuscin is associated with numerous age-related diseases. In the retina lipofuscin is located within the pigment epithelium where it is exposed to high oxygen and visible light, a prime environment for the generation of reactive oxygen species. Although we, and others, have demonstrated that retinal lipofuscin is a photoinducible generator of reactive oxygen species it is unclear how this may translate into cell damage. The position of lipofuscin within the lysosome infers that irradiated lipofuscin is liable to cause oxidative damage to either the lysosomal membrane or the lysosomal enzymes. We have found that illumination of lipofuscin with visible light is capable of extragranular lipid peroxidation, enzyme inactivation, and protein oxidation. These effects, which were pH-dependent, were significantly reduced by the addition of the antioxidants, superoxide dismutase and 1,4-diazabicyclo(2,2,2)-octane, confirming a role for both the superoxide anion and singlet oxygen. We postulate that lipofuscin may compromise retinal cell function by causing loss of lysosomal integrity and that this may be a major contributory factor to the pathology associated with retinal light damage and diseases such as age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wassell
- University Department of Ophthalmology, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester M13 9WH, United Kingdom
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10
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Jain SK, Morshed KM, Kannan K, McMartin KE, Bocchini JA. Effect of elevated glucose concentrations on cellular lipid peroxidation and growth of cultured human kidney proximal tubule cells. Mol Cell Biochem 1996; 162:11-6. [PMID: 8905620 DOI: 10.1007/bf00250990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study has examined whether elevated glucose can induce lipid peroxidation and contribute to the inhibition of cell growth in human kidney proximal tubule(HPT) cells. HPT cells were cultured in media containing glucose concentrations of 8 mM (control), 25 mM, and 50 mM. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by the thiobarbituric acid reactivity and cell growth was assessed by 3H-thymidine uptake. Results show decreased (59%, p < 0.01) growth of HPT cells cultured in 50 mM glucose. Cells cultured in 50 mM mannitol did not show any growth inhibition, suggesting that the decreased cell growth associated with glucose is not due to osmolarity changes. There was an increase (108%, p < 0.02) in lipid peroxidation in cells cultured with high levels of glucose (50 mM) compared with controls and cells cultured with 50 mM mannitol. To examine if membrane lipid peroxidation or malondialdehyde (MDA, an end product of lipid peroxidation) has any role in the inhibition of cell growth, we examined the effect of tertiary butylhydroperoxide (TBH, known to cause lipid peroxidation and generate MDA) on the growth of HPT cells. TBH decreased cell growth (49, 17 and 3% of controls at 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mumole TBH/ml medium). Similarly, a marked reduction in the growth was observed with exogenous MDA (72, 69 and 34% of controls at 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mumole MDA/ml medium). This suggests that elevated glucose can induce membrane lipid peroxidation and accumulation of MDA, which in turn can inhibit cellular growth and contribute to the altered structure and function of HPT cells in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Shreveport 71130, USA
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Nenov D, Paskalev D, Yankova T, Tchankova P. Lipid peroxidation and vitamin E in red blood cells and plasma in hemodialysis patients under rhEPO treatment. Artif Organs 1995; 19:436-9. [PMID: 7625923 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.1995.tb02355.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation, measured by malonyldialdehyde (MDA) and vitamin E in red blood cells (RBC) and plasma, was investigated in 25 hemodialysis (HD) patients before and after 6 months rhEPO therapy. RBC-MDA was significantly elevated, but plasma MDA was in the reference range. After recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) treatment, the MDA level was significantly decreased in both compartments. Marked vitamin E deficiency was established in RBC as well as in plasma. rhEPO therapy restored vitamin E levels in both compartments. Our data suggest a possible positive rhEPO-antioxidant effect in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nenov
- Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
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Abstract
Endurance training can lead to what has been termed 'sports anaemia'. Although under normal conditions, red blood cells (RBCs) have a lifespan of about 120 days, the rate of aging may increase during intensive training. However, RBC deficiency is rare in athletes, and sports anaemia is probably due to an expanded plasma volume. Cycling, running and swimming have been shown to cause RBC damage. While most investigators measure indices of haemolysis (for example, plasma haemoglobin or haptoglobin), RBC removal is normally an extravascular process that does not involve haemolysis. Attention is now turning to cellular indices (such as antioxidant depletion, or protein or lipid damage) that may be more indicative of exercise-induced damage. RBCs are vulnerable to oxidative damage because of their continuous exposure to oxygen and their high concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids and haem iron. As oxidative stress may be proportional to oxygen uptake, it is not surprising that antioxidants in muscle, liver and RBCs can be depleted during exercise. Oxidative damage to RBCs can also perturb ionic homeostasis and facilitate cellular dehydration. These changes impair RBC deformability which can, in turn, impede the passage of RBCs through the microcirculation. This may lead to hypoxia in working muscle during single episodes of exercise and possibly an increased rate of RBC destruction with long term exercise. Providing RBC destruction does not exceed the rate of RBC production, no detrimental effect to athletic performance should occur. An increased rate of RBC turnover may be advantageous because young cells are more efficient in transporting oxygen. Because most techniques examine the RBC population as a whole, more sophisticated methods which analyse cells individually are required to determine the mechanisms involved in exercise-induced damage of RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Smith
- Department of Physiology and Applied Nutrition, Australian Institute of Sport, Belconnen, ACT
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Mohan K, Dubey ML, Ganguly NK, Mahajan RC. Plasmodium falciparum and blood monocyte induced abnormalities in human erythrocyte cation homeostasis. Immunol Cell Biol 1994; 72:286-91. [PMID: 7806261 DOI: 10.1038/icb.1994.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The role of Plasmodium falciparum and activated blood monocytes in bringing about erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation and in altering the enzyme activity associated with Ca2+ and K+ efflux was studied. An attempt was made to investigate the role of parasite and monocyte-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in inhibiting Ca(2+)-Mg2+ ATPase and Na(+)-K+ ATPase in order to find out the cause of reported high intra-erythrocytic calcium and depleted potassium levels in parasitized erythrocytes (PRBC). The PRBC showed enhanced lipid peroxidation as indicated by increased malonyldialdehyde (MDA) formation which coincided with the maturity of the parasite. This was further enhanced following exposure of PRBC to activated blood monocytes. The Ca(2+)-Mg2+ ATPase activity was decreased as the parasite matured and was further hampered significantly in mature parasite-infected red cells exposed to activated blood monocytes. There was a good negative correlation between MDA formation and Ca(2+)-efflux from red blood cells suggesting the negative influence of ROS on Ca(2+)-efflux. The Na(+)-K+ ATPase activity did not reveal any significant change, both during parasite maturation as well as upon exposure to ROS from activated monocytes. We therefore suggest that inhibition of Ca(2+)-efflux and the resulting increased cytosolic Ca2+ in PRBC might have a role in structural and functional abnormalities of red blood cell, thus enhancing the red cell loss during P. falciparum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mohan
- Department of Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Abstract
Mental handicap includes specific behavioural phenotypes apparently caused by single enzyme errors or deletions, for example, compulsive self-mutilation and hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase deficiency in the Lesch-Nyham syndrome. In Down's syndrome, the possession of additional genetic material is found to be linked to various physical abnormalities (premature cataract formation and hypothyroidism). These close associations between types of behaviour, illnesses, and known genetic abnormalities offer promising avenues for research. In this article we concentrate on the well known link between Down's syndrome and presenile dementia.
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Abstract
The science of blood rheology (study of the flow and deformability of blood) is of increasing practical importance to the investigation of blood disorders. In diagnostic laboratories, rheological tests such as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, zeta sedimentation ratio, and plasma viscosity are used to monitor patients with an acute-phase response of greater than 24 h duration. In sickle-cell anemia, new methods for measuring erythrocyte deformability can be used to investigate the pathogenesis of vaso-occlusion, to test potential anti-sickling drugs, and to monitor drug efficacy in clinical trials. Genetic defects in the structure of the red cell membrane can have rheological consequences, monitoring of which may be useful for diagnosis. Rheological analysis of red cells infected by Plasmodium falciparum has indicated that their abnormal flow behavior may be an important pathological factor in malaria. Finally, the flow behavior of white blood cells, particularly neutrophils, is also important, as these cells, once activated, have the potential to occlude microvessels. The authors have reviewed the laboratory methodology and clinical applications that have led to recent advances in these aspects of blood rheology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stuart
- Department of Haematology, Medical School, University of Birmingham, England
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