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Wasilewicz R, Wasilewicz J, Pruszyńska-Oszmałek E, Stuper-Szablewska K, Leciejewska N, Kołodziejski PA. Genistein stimulates the viability and prevents myofibroblastic transformation in human trabecular meshwork cells stimulated by TGF-β. Exp Eye Res 2024; 240:109806. [PMID: 38272381 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common type of glaucoma leading to blindness. The search for ways to prevent/treat this entity is one of the main challenges of today's ophthalmology. One of such solution seems to be biologically active substances of natural origin, such as genistein (GEN), which can affect the function of isolated trabecular meshwork by the inhibition of protein tyrosine kinase. However, the role of GEN in viability as well as myofibroblastic transformation in human trabecular meshwork cells stimulated by TGF-β is unknown. Using human trabecular meshwork cells (HTMCs) we investigated the effect of genistein on cell viability and myofibroblastic transformation stimulated by TGF-β1 and TGF-β2. Using Real-Time PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence we determined the effect on the expression changes of αSMA, TIMP1, collagen 1 and 3 at mRNA and protein level. We found that genistein increases the viability of HTMCs (1, 2, 3 μg/ml; P < 0.05 and 4, 5, 10, 15, 20 μg/ml; P < 0.01). Moreover, we found that addition of 10, 15 and 20 μg/ml is able to prevent myofibroblastic transformation of HTMCs by decreasing αSMA, TIMP1, collagen 1 and 3 mRNA and protein expression (P < 0.01). Based on the obtained results, we can conclude that genistein is a potential factor that can prevent the myofibroblastic transformation of HTMCs accompanying glaucoma. Describing GEN influence on myofibroblastic transformation processes in HTMC allows us to conclude that it can be considered a potential therapeutic agent or a substance supporting treatment in patients with glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ewa Pruszyńska-Oszmałek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - Kinga Stuper-Szablewska
- Faculty of Wood Technology, Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Natalia Leciejewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Antoni Kołodziejski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637, Poznan, Poland.
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Canales-Alvarez O, Canales-Martinez MM, Dominguez-Verano P, Balderas-Cordero D, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Álvarez-González I, Rodriguez-Monroy MA. Effect of Mexican Propolis on Wound Healing in a Murine Model of Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2201. [PMID: 38396882 PMCID: PMC10889666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects the wound healing process, resulting in impaired healing or aberrant scarring. DM increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, fibroblast senescence and angiogenesis abnormalities, causing exacerbated inflammation accompanied by low levels of TGF-β and an increase in Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Propolis has been proposed as a healing alternative for diabetic patients because it has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and proliferative effects and important properties in the healing process. An ethanolic extract of Chihuahua propolis (ChEEP) was obtained and fractionated, and the fractions were subjected to High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with diode-array (HPLC-DAD), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses and 46 compounds were detected. Deep wounds were made in a murine DM model induced by streptozotocin, and the speed of closure and the wound tensile strength were evaluated by the tensiometric method, which showed that ChEEP had similar activity to Recoveron, improving the speed of healing and increasing the wound tensile strength needed to open the wound again. A histological analysis of the wounds was performed using H&E staining, and when Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and α-actin were quantified by immunohistochemistry, ChEEP was shown to be associated with improved histological healing, as indicated by the reduced MMP9 and α-actin expression. In conclusion, topical ChEEP application enhances wound healing in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Canales-Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Zacatenco, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (O.C.-A.); (E.M.-B.); (I.Á.-G.)
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica en Productos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina, UNAM, FES Iztacala, Avenida de los Barrios Número 1, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico; (P.D.-V.); (D.B.-C.)
| | - Maria Margarita Canales-Martinez
- Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, UBIPRO, UNAM, FES Iztacala, Avenida de los Barrios Número 1, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico;
| | - Pilar Dominguez-Verano
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica en Productos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina, UNAM, FES Iztacala, Avenida de los Barrios Número 1, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico; (P.D.-V.); (D.B.-C.)
| | - Daniela Balderas-Cordero
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica en Productos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina, UNAM, FES Iztacala, Avenida de los Barrios Número 1, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico; (P.D.-V.); (D.B.-C.)
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Zacatenco, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (O.C.-A.); (E.M.-B.); (I.Á.-G.)
| | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Zacatenco, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (O.C.-A.); (E.M.-B.); (I.Á.-G.)
| | - Marco Aurelio Rodriguez-Monroy
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica en Productos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina, UNAM, FES Iztacala, Avenida de los Barrios Número 1, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico; (P.D.-V.); (D.B.-C.)
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Rzepkowska M, Głowacka DK, Szczepkowski M, Fajkowska M. Hepatotoxic effect of dietary phytoestrogens on juvenile cultured Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 261:106639. [PMID: 37515925 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, much controversy has grown over the use of soybean products in aquafeeds, especially for carnivorous fish like sturgeons. One point of discussion is the effect of soybean phytoestrogens on fish health. There are many aspects of phytoestrogen utilization in aquafeeds, therefore, the aim of this study is to verify if common legume phytoestrogens can affect juvenile cultured sturgeon erythrocyte and hepatocyte genotoxicity and cause liver pathology. Russian sturgeons were fed from 100 till 365 dph1 with daidzein, genistein, and coumestrol supplemented diets in concentrations: 10, 0.05 and 0.001 g kg-1 of feed, respectively. The SCGE2 method combined with qPCR of three genes involved in DNA repair and genome maintenance, namely cyp1a1, gaad45a and p53 were analyzed. The results were compared with histopathological evaluation of liver tissue. In fish fed with coumestrol supplemented diet, DNA strand damage was the highest in both erythrocytes and hepatocytes, however, simultaneously the lowest level of oxidative DNA damage was found. Additionally, slightly elevated expression of the p53 gene was observed along with a decreased number of apoptotic hepatocytes, which suggests that low concentration of coumestrol may support DNA repair mechanisms in the liver. Although, daidzein showed a preventive effect only against fibrosis. Isoflavones did not show a significant effect on DNA damage in studied cells. Genistein was found to increase macro- and microvesicular steatosis, portal hepatitis and fibrosis, indicating its negative role in the development of liver injuries. Daidzein alleviated some sturgeon liver damage, especially macrovesicular steatosis and interface hepatitis. However, it increased hepatocyte apoptosis, which may suggest daidzein potentially inducing liver injury, though not manifested by other histopathological lesions. Therefore, it can be concluded that at given concentrations, the tested phytoestrogens did not show clearly hepatoprotective effect in sturgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Rzepkowska
- Department of Ichthyology and Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 8 Ciszewskiego Street, Warsaw 02-786, Poland.
| | - Dominika Kinga Głowacka
- Department of Ichthyology and Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 8 Ciszewskiego Street, Warsaw 02-786, Poland
| | - Mirosław Szczepkowski
- Department of Sturgeon Fish Breeding, National Inland Fisheries Research Institute in Olsztyn, Pieczarki 50, Pozezdrze 11-610, Poland
| | - Magdalena Fajkowska
- Department of Ichthyology and Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 8 Ciszewskiego Street, Warsaw 02-786, Poland
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Katzengruber L, Sander P, Laufer S. MKK4 Inhibitors-Recent Development Status and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087495. [PMID: 37108658 PMCID: PMC10144091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
MKK4 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4; also referred to as MEK4) is a dual-specificity protein kinase that phosphorylates and regulates both JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and p38 MAPK (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathways and therefore has a great impact on cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Overexpression of MKK4 has been associated with aggressive cancer types, including metastatic prostate and ovarian cancer and triple-negative breast cancer. In addition, MKK4 has been identified as a key regulator in liver regeneration. Therefore, MKK4 is a promising target both for cancer therapeutics and for the treatment of liver-associated diseases, offering an alternative to liver transplantation. The recent reports on new inhibitors, as well as the formation of a startup company investigating an inhibitor in clinical trials, show the importance and interest of MKK4 in drug discovery. In this review, we highlight the significance of MKK4 in cancer development and other diseases, as well as its unique role in liver regeneration. Furthermore, we present the most recent progress in MKK4 drug discovery and future challenges in the development of MKK4-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Katzengruber
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pascal Sander
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided & Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies', Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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5
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Genistein, a Potential Phytochemical against Breast Cancer Treatment-Insight into the Molecular Mechanisms. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies in women. Although widespread successful synthetic drugs are available, natural compounds can also be considered as significant anticancer agents for treating BC. Some natural compounds have similar effects as synthetic drugs with fewer side effects on normal cells. Therefore, we aimed to unravel and analyze several molecular mechanisms of genistein (GNT) against BC. GNT is a type of dietary phytoestrogen included in the flavonoid group with a similar structure to estrogen that might provide a strong alternative and complementary medicine to existing chemotherapeutic drugs. Previous research reported that GNT could target the estrogen receptor (ER) human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) and several signaling molecules against multiple BC cell lines and sensitize cancer cell lines to this compound when used at an optimal inhibitory concentration. More specifically, GNT mediates the anticancer mechanism through apoptosis induction, arresting the cell cycle, inhibiting angiogenesis and metastasis, mammosphere formation, and targeting and suppressing tumor growth factors. Furthermore, it acts via upregulating tumor suppressor genes and downregulating oncogenes in vitro and animal model studies. In addition, this phytochemical synergistically reverses the resistance mechanism of standard chemotherapeutic drugs, increasing their efficacy against BC. Overall, in this review, we discuss several molecular interactions of GNT with numerous cellular targets in the BC model and show its anticancer activities alone and synergistically. We conclude that GNT can have favorable therapeutic advantages when standard drugs are not available in the pharma markets.
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Supplementing Soy-Based Diet with Creatine in Rats: Implications for Cardiac Cell Signaling and Response to Doxorubicin. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030583. [PMID: 35276943 PMCID: PMC8840593 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional habits can have a significant impact on cardiovascular health and disease. This may also apply to cardiotoxicity caused as a frequent side effect of chemotherapeutic drugs, such as doxorubicin (DXR). The aim of this work was to analyze if diet, in particular creatine (Cr) supplementation, can modulate cardiac biochemical (energy status, oxidative damage and antioxidant capacity, DNA integrity, cell signaling) and functional parameters at baseline and upon DXR treatment. Here, male Wistar rats were fed for 4 weeks with either standard rodent diet (NORMAL), soy-based diet (SOY), or Cr-supplemented soy-based diet (SOY + Cr). Hearts were either freeze-clamped in situ or following ex vivo Langendorff perfusion without or with 25 μM DXR and after recording cardiac function. The diets had distinct cardiac effects. Soy-based diet (SOY vs. NORMAL) did not alter cardiac performance but increased phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), indicating activation of rather pro-catabolic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, consistent with increased ADP/ATP ratios and lower lipid peroxidation. Creatine addition to the soy-based diet (SOY + Cr vs. SOY) slightly increased left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and contractility dp/dt, as measured at baseline in perfused heart, and resulted in activation of the rather pro-anabolic protein kinases Akt and ERK. Challenging perfused heart with DXR, as analyzed across all nutritional regimens, deteriorated most cardiac functional parameters and also altered activation of the AMPK, ERK, and Akt signaling pathways. Despite partial reprogramming of cell signaling and metabolism in the rat heart, diet did not modify the functional response to supraclinical DXR concentrations in the used acute cardiotoxicity model. However, the long-term effect of these diets on cardiac sensitivity to chronic and clinically relevant DXR doses remains to be established.
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Sirichaiwetchakoon K, Suksuphew S, Srisawat R, Eumkeb G. Butea superba Roxb. Extract Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive and Memory Impairment in Aged Male Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:2703138. [PMID: 34671404 PMCID: PMC8523236 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2703138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Butea superba Roxb. (B. superba) is a herb that has been used for rejuvenation, to improve sexual performance, or to prevent erectile dysfunction function. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that is the main cause of progressive dementia. This study aimed to investigate the amelioration for cognitive and memory dysfunction of B. superba ethanolic extract (BSE), a possible mechanism of action, and its toxicity. The results from the Y-maze test, novel object recognition test, and passive avoidance test exhibited that the administration of BSE at 50 mg/kg (BSL) and 200 mg/kg (BSH) could ameliorate scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in all behavior testing. Moreover, BSE could prevent the cognitive deficit in a dose-dependent manner in a passive avoidance test. Furthermore, BSE inhibited acetylcholinesterase's (AChE) ex vivo activity in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Also, the in vitro and ex vivo antioxidative effects of BSE revealed that BSE had free radical scavenging activities in both DPPH and FRAP assay. Furthermore, male rats treated with BSE at 200 mg/kg/day for two weeks could significantly increase serum testosterone compared with control (P < 0.05). The GC-MS analysis and previous studies revealed that BSE contained propanoic acid, 3,3'-thiobis-, didodecyl ester, oleic acid, gamma-sitosterol, and stigmasterol which may play an important role in cognitive and memory impairment prevention. The toxicity test of BSE in rats at 50 and 200 mg/kg/day for two weeks showed that relative organ weight, serum creatinine, ALT, ALP, and CBC levels of both treated groups were not significantly different compared to the CON (P > 0.05). These results suggest that BSE may not be toxic to the vital organ and blood. In conclusion, BSE has the potential to be developed as a health supplement product or medicine for AD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittipot Sirichaiwetchakoon
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree Subdistrict, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Sarawut Suksuphew
- Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree Subdistrict, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Rungrudee Srisawat
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree Subdistrict, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Griangsak Eumkeb
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree Subdistrict, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
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Synthesis, Characterization, and Antiradical Activity of 6-Hydroxygenistein. Chem Nat Compd 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-020-03161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Cho CH, Jung YS, Nam TG, Rha CS, Ko MJ, Jang D, Kim HS, Kim DO. pH-adjusted solvent extraction and reversed-phase HPLC quantification of isoflavones from soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). J Food Sci 2020; 85:673-681. [PMID: 32078761 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merr., are among the most important food crops worldwide. Isoflavones are major bioactive phytochemicals in soybeans, and have a variety of health benefits, including antioxidative, antiatherosclerotic, antiinflammatory, and weak estrogen-like effects. The isoflavone content and composition of soybeans vary according to the cultivar and the extraction solvent conditions. Therefore, we investigated the effects of three different solvent pHs (1.0, 5.5, and 10.0) on the isoflavone, total phenolic, and total flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacities of eight soybean cultivars developed in Korea. Twelve isoflavones in soybeans were efficiently separated and identified on a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. The percentage distribution of isoflavones measured by HPLC in the eight soybean cultivars at various extraction pHs decreased as follows: malonyl isoflavones (67.2% to 81.3%) > isoflavone glucosides (16.2% to 29.0%; as nonacylated form) > acetyl isoflavones (1.6% to 5.9%). The highest contents of isoflavone glucosides, malonyl derivatives, and acetyl derivatives were extracted at solvent pHs of 10.0, 1.0, and 5.5, respectively. The solvent extraction at pH 1.0 yielded a lower total isoflavone content than those at pHs 5.5 and 10.0. However, the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents were extracted from soybeans at pH 1.0. Soybeans extracted at pH 10.0 displayed the highest antioxidant capacities in the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical assay. Taken together, these results suggest that proper solvent pH adjustment is needed to maximize the extraction of targeted forms of isoflavones from soybeans. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Soybeans contain a variety of bioactive compounds, including isoflavones, which function as antioxidants and weak phytoestrogens. Chemical and instrumental analyses can facilitate the selection of soybean cultivars with high amounts of isoflavones for soybean breeding and isoflavone-enriched product development. Proper solvent pH adjustment allows for the efficient extraction of high amounts of targeted isoflavone subgroups (acetyl and malonyl forms) from soybeans for functional food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Heung Cho
- Industrial Technology Research Group, World Inst. of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sung Jung
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee Univ., Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyu Nam
- Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Su Rha
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee Univ., Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Ko
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee Univ., Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Davin Jang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee Univ., Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Sik Kim
- Upland Crop Breeding Research Division, National Inst. of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Ok Kim
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee Univ., Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee Univ., Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
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10
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Shao J, Zhao T, Ma HP, Jia ZP, Jing LL. Synthesis, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity of 8-Hydroxygenistein. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20901399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It was reported that 8-hydroxygenistein (8-OHG) was synthesized by methylation, bromination, methoxylation, and demethylation using cheap and readily available biochanin A as raw material. All synthesized products were structurally confirmed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and 13C-NMR. In addition, we examined the antioxidant capacity of 8-OHG using 6 different methods such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) radical (ABTS) scavenging, nitric oxide radical (NO) scavenging, superoxide radical (O2 −•) scavenging, reducing power assay, and total antioxidant activity using ascorbic acid (VC) as a positive control. Compared with VC, 8-OHG exhibited higher total antioxidant activity and stronger scavenging activity on ABTS, NO, and O2 −•. These results indicate that 8-OHG is an excellent antioxidant agent and may be effective in preventing damage induced by free radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Gansu, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Gansu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Hui-Ping Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China
| | - Zheng-Ping Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Gansu, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China
| | - Lin-Lin Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Gansu, China
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Tuli HS, Tuorkey MJ, Thakral F, Sak K, Kumar M, Sharma AK, Sharma U, Jain A, Aggarwal V, Bishayee A. Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Genistein in Cancer: Recent Advances. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1336. [PMID: 31866857 PMCID: PMC6910185 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Genistein is one among the several other known isoflavones that is found in different soybeans and soy products. The chemical name of genistein is 4′,5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone. Genistein has drawn attention of scientific community because of its potential beneficial effects on human grave diseases, such as cancer. Mechanistic insight of genistein reveals its potential for apoptotic induction, cell cycle arrest, as well as antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Objective: The purpose of this review is to unravel and analyze various molecular mechanisms of genistein in diverse cancer models. Data sources: English language literature was searched using various databases, such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, EBOSCOhost, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Key words used in various combinations included genistein, cancer, anticancer, molecular mechanisms prevention, treatment, in vivo, in vitro, and clinical studies. Study selection: Study selection was carried out strictly in accordance with the statement of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses. Data extraction: Four authors independently carried out the extraction of articles. Data synthesis: One hundred one papers were found suitable for use in this review. Conclusion: This review covers various molecular interactions of genistein with various cellular targets in cancer models. It will help the scientific community understand genistein and cancer biology and will provoke them to design novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
| | - Muobarak Jaber Tuorkey
- Division of Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Falak Thakral
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
| | | | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur, India
| | - Anil Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
| | - Uttam Sharma
- Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Aklank Jain
- Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Vaishali Aggarwal
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, United States
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Hessenberger S, Botzi K, Degrassi C, Kovalsky P, Schwab C, Schatzmayr D, Schatzmayr G, Fink-Gremmels J. Interactions between plant-derived oestrogenic substances and the mycoestrogen zearalenone in a bioassay with MCF-7 cells. Pol J Vet Sci 2019; 20:513-520. [PMID: 29166278 DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2017-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Human and animal diets may contain several non-steroidal oestrogenic compounds which originate either from plants (phytoestrogens) or from fungi that infect plants (mycoestrogens such as zearalenone (ZEN)). Phytoestrogens may compete with ZEN in binding to the oestrogen receptor β and thereby may counteract the oestrogenic activity of ZEN. Using a modified version of the E-screen assay, plant-derived oestrogenic substances were tested for their proliferative or anti-proliferative effect on oestrogen-dependent MCF-7 cells. The samples were additionally tested for their ability to influence the oestrogenic activity of ZEN (1 μM). Among the individual substances tested, 8-prenylnaringenin had the strongest effect, as cell proliferation was increased by 78% at the lowest concentration (0.23 μM), and by 167% at the highest concentration (29.4 μM). Coumestrol (5.83 μM) increased cell proliferation by 39%, and genistein (370 μM) by 61%, respectively. Xanthohumol and enterolactone did not stimulate cell proliferation significantly. In the co-incubation experiments with ZEN, none of the single substances was able to decrease the oestrogenic activity of ZEN. Only for 8-prenylnaringenin (14.7 and 29.4 μM) was a trend towards an increase in the ZEN-induced cell proliferation up to 72% observed. In conclusion, with the exception of 8-prenylnaringenin, no substantial interaction between phytoestrogens and the mycotoxin ZEN could be detected using a bioassays with MCF-7 cells.
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Lin M, Han P, Li Y, Wang W, Lai D, Zhou L. Quinoa Secondary Metabolites and Their Biological Activities or Functions. Molecules 2019; 24:E2512. [PMID: 31324047 PMCID: PMC6651730 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) was known as the "golden grain" by the native Andean people in South America, and has been a source of valuable food over thousands of years. It can produce a variety of secondary metabolites with broad spectra of bioactivities. At least 193 secondary metabolites from quinoa have been identified in the past 40 years. They mainly include phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and nitrogen-containing compounds. These metabolites exhibit many physiological functions, such as insecticidal, molluscicidal and antimicrobial activities, as well as various kinds of biological activities such as antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. This review focuses on our knowledge of the structures, biological activities and functions of quinoa secondary metabolites. Biosynthesis, development and utilization of the secondary metabolites especially from quinoa bran were prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyi Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peipei Han
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weixuan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Daowan Lai
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Hu C, Wong WT, Wu R, Lai WF. Biochemistry and use of soybean isoflavones in functional food development. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2098-2112. [PMID: 31272191 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1630598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Soybeans and their food products exist in the market in various forms, ranging from crude oils and bean meals to nutritious products (e.g. soy milk powers). With the availability of technologies for mass production of soy products and for enrichment of soy components (e.g. phospholipids, saponins, isoflavones, oligosaccharides and edible fiber), the nutritional values of soy products have been enhanced remarkably, offering the potential for functional food development. Among different bioactive components in soybeans, one important component is isoflavones, which have been widely exploited for health implications. While there are studies supporting the health benefits of isoflavones, concerns on adverse effects have been raised in the literature. The objective of this article is to review the recent understanding of the biological activities, adverse effects, and use of isoflavones in functional food development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengshen Hu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedical and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wing-Tak Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Runyu Wu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wing-Fu Lai
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
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15
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Yamamoto S, Ohta A, Hossain F, Anjani G, Asakawa H, Asakawa T. Solubilization of Genistein in Phospholipid Vesicles and Their Atioxidant Capacity. J Oleo Sci 2019; 68:61-66. [PMID: 30542013 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess18181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Water-insoluble genistein was solubilized in aqueous medium by using phospholipid vesicles composed of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerophosphocholine (DOPC) with 0-30% cholesterol. For each vesicle, the maximum solubilization amount of genistein was investigated by X-ray scattering measurement. In addition, the antioxidant capacity of the solubilized genistein was evaluated by the ABTS assay. Genistein was found to be solubilized by 10-20% and 40-50% of the vesicle concentrations of pure DPPC and DOPC respectively. The maximum solubilization amount of genistein decreased to 0-10% and 20-30% when 30% of cholesterol is present in the respective vesicles. Cholesterol is solubilized in a hydrophobic core whereas genistein is solubilized in the polar head region or in the polar-apolar interface. The overlapping of solubilizing sites affected the solubilization of genistein when cholesterol was present in the vesicles. Moreover, the lamellar interval was largely affected by cholesterol in compared to the little impact of genistein because the later can indirectly affect the acyl chains. Genistein solubilized in DOPC showed the same degree of antioxidant capacity as that of vesicle-free genistein system. On the other hand, genistein solubilized in DPPC had lower antioxidant activity than the former systems. The distinction of antioxidant activity at different systems probably related to the difference of accessibility of ABTS radical cation to solubilized genistein through different vesicles. Finally, cholesterol-free DOPC vesicles were found to be the best solubilizer for genistein among the investigated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Yamamoto
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University
| | - Akio Ohta
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University
| | - Faisal Hossain
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University
| | - Gemala Anjani
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University
| | - Hitoshi Asakawa
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University
| | - Tsuyoshi Asakawa
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University
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Tsugami Y, Matsunaga K, Suzuki T, Nishimura T, Kobayashi K. Isoflavones and their metabolites influence the milk component synthesis ability of mammary epithelial cells through prolactin/STAT5 signaling. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Tsugami
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Faculty of Agriculture; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Kota Matsunaga
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Faculty of Agriculture; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Faculty of Agriculture; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Takanori Nishimura
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Faculty of Agriculture; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Ken Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Faculty of Agriculture; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
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Liu J, Hu B, Liu W, Qin W, Wu H, Zhang J, Yang C, Deng J, Shu K, Du J, Yang F, Yong T, Wang X, Yang W. Metabolomic tool to identify soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] germplasms with a high level of shade tolerance at the seedling stage. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42478. [PMID: 28211897 PMCID: PMC5304147 DOI: 10.1038/srep42478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The isoflavone profiles of seeds of various soybean genotypes with different levels of shade tolerance at the seedling stage were investigated. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify 12 isoflavones, and the data were analyzed using a multivariate statistical analysis. Combined with field experimental data and an orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), several aglycones (genistein (GE), daidzein (DE), and glycitein (GLE)) were selected and identified as key compounds involved in the shade tolerance of soybean seedlings. Additional correlation analysis and laboratory shading stress experiments with soybean seedlings also confirmed the function of these selected isoflavones, especially GE, in the discrimination of soybean seedlings with different levels of shade tolerance. Furthermore, the structure-antioxidant activity relationships between a range of isoflavones and the plant shade-tolerance mechanism are discussed. Targeted metabolomic analyses of isoflavones could reveal the diversity of shade tolerance in soybean seedlings, thus contributing to the breeding of excellent soybean varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Baoyu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wenting Qin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Haijun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Caiqiong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Juncai Deng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Kai Shu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Junbo Du
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Taiwen Yong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
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18
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Son SY, Kim NK, Lee S, Singh D, Kim GR, Lee JS, Yang HS, Yeo J, Lee S, Lee CH. Metabolite fingerprinting, pathway analyses, and bioactivity correlations for plant species belonging to the Cornaceae, Fabaceae, and Rosaceae families. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:1917-31. [PMID: 27344340 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2006-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A multi-parallel approach gauging the mass spectrometry-based metabolite fingerprinting coupled with bioactivity and pathway evaluations could serve as an efficacious tool for inferring plant taxonomic orders. Thirty-four species from three plant families, namely Cornaceae (7), Fabaceae (9), and Rosaceae (18) were subjected to metabolite profiling using gas chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-linear trap quadrupole-ion trap-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-IT-MS/MS), followed by multivariate analyses to determine the metabolites characteristic of these families. The partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) revealed the distinct clustering pattern of metabolites for each family. The pathway analysis further highlighted the relatively higher proportions of flavonols and ellagitannins in the Cornaceae family than in the other two families. Higher levels of phenolic acids and flavan-3-ols were observed among species from the Rosaceae family, while amino acids, flavones, and isoflavones were more abundant among the Fabaceae family members. The antioxidant activities of plant extracts were measured using ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays, and indicated that extracts from the Rosaceae family had the highest activity, followed by those from Cornaceae and Fabaceae. The correlation map analysis positively links the proportional concentration of metabolites with their relative antioxidant activities, particularly in Cornaceae and Rosaceae. This work highlights the pre-eminence of the multi-parallel approach involving metabolite profiling and bioactivity evaluations coupled with metabolic pathways as an efficient methodology for the evaluation of plant phylogenies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Young Son
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Na Kyung Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Sunmin Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Digar Singh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Ga Ryun Kim
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Inchon, 22689, Korea
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Inchon, 22689, Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Yang
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Inchon, 22689, Korea
| | - Joohong Yeo
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Inchon, 22689, Korea
| | - Sarah Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Inchon, 22689, Korea.
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea.
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19
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Chen W, Ma X, Lin Y, Xiong Y, Zheng C, Hu Y, Yu D, Jiang Z. Dietary supplementation with a high dose of daidzein enhances the antioxidant capacity in swine muscle but experts pro-oxidant function in liver and fat tissues. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2016; 7:43. [PMID: 27486514 PMCID: PMC4969673 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-016-0102-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although isoflavones are natural dietary antioxidants, they may have toxicological effects. This study aimed to evaluate the redox system in tissues of finishing pigs by supplementation with high dose of daidzein (640 mg/kg). Results The supplementation of high dose of daidzein for 64 d increased the activity of superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity in longissimus muscle but down-regulated the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase-2 and cyclooxygenase-2. In contrast, high-level supplementation with daidzein exerted pro-oxidant changes in back fat, abdominal fat, liver, and plasma, as reflected by increased contents of malondialdehyde, a lipid peroxidation product, in these tissues. Furthermore, daidzein supplementation resulted in higher expression of ROS-producing enzymes, including NADPH oxidase-1 and cyclooxygenase-1 in liver, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) in backfat and NADPH oxidase-2 both in abdominal fat and backfat. The supplementation of daidzein did not affect meat quality parameters in longissimus muscle, including marbling score, eye muscle areas, intramuscular fat, shear force, drip loss, pH and meat color. Conclusions This experiment suggests that dietary supplementation of finishing pigs with daidzein at a high dose level improves redox status in muscle but exerts pro-oxidant effect in liver and fat tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China ; The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianyong Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China ; The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingcai Lin
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China ; The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxia Xiong
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China ; The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuntian Zheng
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China ; The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Youjun Hu
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China ; The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Deqian Yu
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China ; The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongyong Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China ; The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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20
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Genistein as antioxidant and antibrowning agents in in vivo and in vitro: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:379-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Kaneta H, Koda M, Saito S, Imoto M, Kawada M, Yamazaki Y, Momose I, Shindo K. Biological activities of unique isoflavones prepared from Apios americana Medik. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:774-8. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1127132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Four unique isoflavone aglycones (barpisoflavone A (1), 2′-hydroxygenistein (2), 5-methylgenistein (3), and gerontoisoflavone A (4)) whose structures were related to genistein were prepared from the tuber of Apios americana Medik. We examined the estrogen receptor and androgen receptor binding activities, estrogen agonistic activities, antioxidant activities, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of 1–4. The results obtained showed that 2 possessed potent and 1, 3, and 4 possessed moderate estrogen partial agonistic activities, 1 and 2 possessed moderate antioxidant activities, and 2 and 3 possessed moderate α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Kaneta
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Japan Women’s University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mina Koda
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Japan Women’s University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Saito
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masaya Imoto
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawada
- Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamazaki
- Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Japan
| | - Isao Momose
- Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Japan
| | - Kazuoshi Shindo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Japan Women’s University, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Katiyar SP, Jain A, Dhanjal JK, Sundar D. Mixed Inhibition of cPEPCK by Genistein, Using an Extended Binding Site Located Adjacent to Its Catalytic Cleft. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141987. [PMID: 26528723 PMCID: PMC4631375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (cPEPCK) is a critical enzyme involved in gluconeogenesis, glyceroneogenesis and cataplerosis. cPEPCK converts oxaloacetic acid (OAA) into phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) in the presence of GTP. cPEPCK is known to be associated with type 2 diabetes. Genistein is an isoflavone compound that shows anti-diabetic and anti-obesitic properties. Experimental studies have shown a decrease in the blood glucose level in the presence of genistein by lowering the functional activity of cPEPCK, an enzyme of gluconeogenesis. Using computational techniques such as molecular modeling, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy calculations, we identified cPEPCK as a direct target of genistein. We studied the molecular interactions of genistein with three possible conformations of cPEPCK-unbound cPEPCK (u_cPEPCK), GTP bound cPEPCK (GTP_cPEPCK) and GDP bound cPEPCK (GDP_cPEPCK). Binding of genistein was also compared with an already known cPEPCK inhibitor. We analyzed the interactions of genistein with cPEPCK enzyme and compared them with its natural substrate (OAA), product (PEP) and known inhibitor (3-MPA). Our results demonstrate that genistein uses the mechanism of mixed inhibition to block the functional activity of cPEPCK and thus can serve as a potential anti-diabetic and anti-obesity drug candidate. We also identified an extended binding site in the catalytic cleft of cPEPCK which is used by 3-MPA to inhibit cPEPCK non-competitively. We demonstrate that extended binding site of cPEPCK can further be exploited for designing new drugs against cPEPCK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Prakash Katiyar
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Arpit Jain
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur Dhanjal
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Durai Sundar
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
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Zhang X, Wang J, Hong C, Luo W, Wang C. Design, synthesis and evaluation of genistein-polyamine conjugates as multi-functional anti-Alzheimer agents. Acta Pharm Sin B 2015; 5:67-73. [PMID: 26579427 PMCID: PMC4629212 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of genistein-polyamine conjugates (4a–4h) were designed, synthesized and evaluated as multi-functional anti-Alzheimer agents. The results showed that these compounds had significant cholinesterases (ChEs) inhibitory activity. Compound 4b exhibited the strongest inhibition to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with an IC50 value of 2.75 μmol/L, which was better than that of rivastigmine (5.60 μmol/L). Lineweaver–Burk plot and molecular modeling study showed that compound 4b targeted both the catalytic active site (CAS) and the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE. Besides, compound 4b showed potent metal-chelating ability. In addition, it was found that 4a–4h did not affect HepG-2 cell viability at the concentration of 10 μmol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wen Luo
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 371 22864665.
| | - Chaojie Wang
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 371 22864665.
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Boadi WY, Johnson D. Effects of low doses of quercetin and genistein on oxidation and carbonylation in hemoglobin and myoglobin. J Diet Suppl 2014; 11:272-87. [PMID: 25026201 DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2014.937046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein-bound carbonyls have been shown to increase with age as well as in numerous diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, adult respiratory syndrome pulmonary fibrosis, diabetes, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's just to mention a few. The effects of the flavonoids quercetin and genistein were investigated according to their ability to inhibit the oxidation of hemoglobin and myoglobin via the Fenton's pathway. Antioxidative activity of the flavonoids were determined by oxidizing hemoglobin and myoglobin in separate experiments with 50 μM Fe(2+) and 0.01 mM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with and without quercetin and/or genistein. The samples were treated singly with either quercetin, genistein, or in combination at concentrations of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 μM, respectively, dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Samples were then incubated in a water bath at 37°C for 8, 12, and 24 hr, respectively. Levels of carbonylation were assayed by the protein carbonyl assay and the carbonyl levels quantified and expressed per mg of protein. The results indicate that protein carbonyls for samples treated with quercetin or genistein decreased in a dose-dependent manner compared to the controls. That of quercetin compared to genistein was more efficient in reducing the levels of protein carbonylation in hemoglobin and myoglobin, respectively. The combination of both flavonoids did show a gradual decrease in carbonyl compounds for only hemoglobin for all the doses and times tested. The results indicate that both flavonoids at low doses inhibited carbonylation in both hemoglobin and myoglobin and the inhibition may be attributed to the prevention of protein oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Y Boadi
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University , Nashville, Tennessee , USA
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25
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Utrera M, Estévez M. Impact of trolox, quercetin, genistein and gallic acid on the oxidative damage to myofibrillar proteins: The carbonylation pathway. Food Chem 2013; 141:4000-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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26
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Dong JJ, Li QS, Liu ZP, Wang SF, Zhao MY, Yang YH, Wang XM, Zhu HL. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of flavone and isoflavone derivatives as a novel class of KSP (kinesin spindle protein) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 70:427-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Back HI, Kim SR, Yang JA, Kim MG, Chae SW, Cha YS. Effects of Chungkookjang supplementation on obesity and atherosclerotic indices in overweight/obese subjects: a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Med Food 2011; 14:532-7. [PMID: 21434780 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the anti-obesity and anti-atherosclerotic effects of supplementation with Chungkookjang (CKJ), a traditional fermented soybean food, in overweight/obese subjects. The study was a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial followed by a 3-week screening period. Overweight/obese subjects (both groups having a body mass index ≥23 kg/m(2) and waist hip ratio of ≥0.90 for men and ≥0.85 for women) who were not diagnosed with any disease were included in this study. Sixty subjects were randomly divided into a CKJ (n=30, 26 g/day) or placebo (n=30) group. During the 12-week intervention period, subjects were asked to maintain their usual diet and activity and not to take any functional foods or dietary supplements. Anthropometric parameters, abdominal fat distribution by computerized tomography, and blood parameters (lipid profile, atherosclerotic indices) before and after the 12-week intervention period were measured. Fifty-five subjects (29 CKJ group, 26 placebo group) finished the study. After the 12 weeks of supplementation, subjects in the CKJ group showed a significant improvement in apolipoprotein B (P<.05) compared with the placebo group. Visceral fat areas by computerized tomography scans and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 showed a tendency to decrease in the CKJ group, but there were no significant differences between the CKJ and placebo groups. These results suggested that CKJ supplementation has potential anti-atherosclerotic effects that might be more pronounced when combined with lifestyle modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyang-Im Back
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
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JIANG ZY, ZHOU GL, LIN YC, JIANG SQ, ZHENG CT, HAN LM, CHEN F. Effects of Soybean Isoflavones on In vitro Antioxidative Capacity of Satellite Cells of Porcine Skeletal Muscles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1671-2927(11)60314-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Han WY, Zhang ZT, Zhang YC, Xue D, Li G. One-Step Synthesis of 1-(4,5-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-yl)thiourea. Helv Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200900438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Chen ZG, Luo LL, Xu JJ, Zhuang XL, Kong XX, Fu YC. Effects of plant polyphenols on ovarian follicular reserve in aging rats. Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 88:737-45. [PMID: 20651847 DOI: 10.1139/o10-012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The pool of ovarian primordial follicles is established during embryonic development or at birth. During the development from primordial to primary, secondary, and antral follicles, only a small portion of follicles can mature and successfully ovulate; the others are destined to degenerate through apoptotic or atretic loss. As aging advances, females ultimately enter the cessation phase of the estrous cycle and are no longer capable of fertilization. The presumption is that if we can slow down the process of folliculogenesis or decrease follicle loss, females may have a larger ovarian follicular reserve and a longer reproductive lifespan. In our study, rats underwent intragastric administration with tea polyphenols, quercetin (meletin), genistein, or resveratrol, once a day for 4 months (from age 12 to 15 months), to test whether they have positive effects on follicular reserve or ovarian functions. The results showed that rats treated with tea polyphenols (27.8 +/- 3.2) and quercetin (36.5 +/- 4.1) had a comparable number of healthy follicles to those of controls (26.9 +/- 3.8), although significantly fewer atretic follicles were observed in the tea polyphenol group (43.4 +/- 5.9 vs 79.7 +/- 7.5; p < 0.001). Remarkably, both genistein- and resveratrol-treated rats had more healthy follicles (respectively, 42.8 +/- 3.9, p < 0.05; and 51.9 +/- 6.4, p < 0.001) and fewer atretic follicles (respectively, 58.4 +/- 8.0, p < 0.05; and 51.0 +/- 6.2, p < 0.01) than controls. These results indicate that genistein and resveratrol can increase the ovarian follicular reserve and prolong the ovarian lifespan in rats, and their positive effects may be not only due to their intervention in the transition from primordial to primary follicle, but also due to the inhibiting effect on follicular atresia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Guo Chen
- Laboratory of Cell Senescence, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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Zhang ZT, Han WY, Qiu L. One-step synthesis of 2-amino-5-(4,5-diphenylpyrimidin-2-ylamino)pentanoic acid from isoflavones and arginine. J Heterocycl Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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33
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Chuarienthong P, Lourith N, Leelapornpisid P. Clinical efficacy comparison of anti-wrinkle cosmetics containing herbal flavonoids. Int J Cosmet Sci 2010; 32:99-106. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2010.00522.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Pakalapati G, Li L, Gretz N, Koch E, Wink M. Influence of red clover (Trifolium pratense) isoflavones on gene and protein expression profiles in liver of ovariectomized rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 16:845-855. [PMID: 19409770 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Isoflavones such as genistein, biochanin A, formononetin, and glycetin are fairly abundant in red clover (Trifolium pratense, Fabaceae) and show estrogenic, antioxidant and hypolipidemic activities. To explore these effects mediated by red clover extract at the gene and protein levels, female ovariectomized rats were treated with an isoflavone rich extract of T. pratense. The experimental rats were divided into 2 groups of five animals each: a) control b) experimental group (red clover extract treated with 450mg/kg/day for four days). The treatment influenced the plasma lipid levels differentially. Plasma LDL concentrations were significantly reduced (p<0.05), whereas triglycerides increased (p<0.05). Plasma HDL and total cholesterol remained unchanged. The rat livers were examined for their differential gene expression by Affymetrix Rae230 DNA microarrays. In addition, the total liver proteins were separated by 2D PAGE and proteins, which showed differences in their intensities were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. The extract influenced the transcript levels of many novel estrogen and non-estrogen responsive genes as well as other regulatory genes. Functional annotations indicate that genes involved in metabolic pathways, information processing, membrane transport regulation, signal transduction and other cellular processes were regulated. Quantitative reverse transcription analysis with real-time PCR confirmed that red clover extract regulates genes involved in lipid metabolism and antioxidation mechanisms. Proteomic analysis support the potential of red clover extract to modulate the lipid metabolism. In summary isoflavone rich red clover extract mediates numerous genomic and non-genomic effects, which influence besides the lipid metabolism a broad range of cellular functions, including metabolic actions, cell cycle regulation and antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Pakalapati
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, INF 364, Heidelberg, Germany
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35
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Amadou I, Yong-Hui S, Sun J, Guo-Wei L. Fermented Soybean Products: Some Methods, Antioxidants Compound Extraction and their Scavenging Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/ajb.2009.68.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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36
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Kgomotso T, Chiu F, Ng K. Genistein- and daidzein 7-O-β-D-glucuronic acid retain the ability to inhibit copper-mediated lipid oxidation of low density lipoprotein. Mol Nutr Food Res 2008; 52:1457-66. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200800010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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37
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Rucinska A, Gabryelak T. Effect of genistein-8-C-glucoside from Lupinus luteus on DNA damage assessed using the comet assay in vitro. Cell Biol Int 2008; 33:247-52. [PMID: 19059355 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Revised: 06/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Genistein-8-C-glucoside (G8CG) belongs to natural isoflavones phytoestrogens, which are a subclass of flavonoids, a large group of polyphenolic compounds widely distributed in plants, with possible anticarcinogenic effects in various in vitro systems and in vivo animal models. We used glycosylated genistein (genistein-8-C-glucoside) from flowers of lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) to study its cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on mouse embryonic fibroblast (line NIH 3T3). The MTT assay to assess cytotoxicity and comet assay for the detection of DNA damage were used. The cells were exposed to various concentrations of genistein-8-C-glucoside (2.5-110 microM) and hydrogen peroxide (5-90 microM). The effect of G8CG alone or in combination with H2O2 was determined. G8CG at concentrations > 20 microM significantly reduced cell viability and induced DNA damage. In contrast, lower concentrations of (2.5-10 microM) G8CG showed antioxidant properties against H2O2-induced DNA damage with no associated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Rucinska
- Department of General Biophysics, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, Lodz 90-237, Poland
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38
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Interplay of thermochemistry and Structural Chemistry, the journal (volume 18, 2007) and the discipline. Struct Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-008-9380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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39
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Wolfe KL, Liu RH. Structure-activity relationships of flavonoids in the cellular antioxidant activity assay. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:8404-11. [PMID: 18702468 DOI: 10.1021/jf8013074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chemical antioxidant activity assays are used extensively to evaluate the potential bioactivity of plant foods and their phytochemical constituents, but they do not mimic the complexity of biological systems. The cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) activity assay was developed to be a more biologically relevant model to measure antioxidant activity. Structure-activity relationships of flavonoids have been determined in many chemistry antioxidant activity assays, and they vary with the protocols. The objective of this study was to determine structure-activity relationships of selected flavonoids in the CAA assay. The structures that conferred flavonoids with the most antioxidant activity in the CAA assay were a 3',4'- o-dihydroxyl group in the B-ring, a 2,3-double bond combined with a 4-keto group in the C-ring, and a 3-hydroxyl group. Isoflavones had no cellular antioxidant activity. Flavanols with a galloyl moiety had higher antioxidant activity than those without, and a B-ring 3',4',5'-trihydroxyl group further improved their efficacy. ORAC values for flavonoids were not related to their CAA values. Knowledge of structure-activity relationships in the CAA assay may be helpful in assessing potential in vivo antioxidant activity of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Wolfe
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-7201, USA
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40
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Shukla R, Nune SK, Chanda N, Katti K, Mekapothula S, Kulkarni RR, Welshons WV, Kannan R, Katti KV. Soybeans as a phytochemical reservoir for the production and stabilization of biocompatible gold nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2008; 4:1425-36. [PMID: 18642250 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200800525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates an unprecedented green process for the production of gold nanoparticles by simple treatment of gold salts with soybean extracts. Reduction capabilities of antioxidant phytochemicals present in soybean and their ability to reduce gold salts chemically to nanoparticles with subsequent coating of proteins and a host of other phytochemicals present in soybean on the freshly generated gold nanoparticles are discussed. The new genre of green nanoparticles exhibit remarkable in vitro stability in various buffers including saline, histidine, HSA, and cysteine solutions. MTT assays reveal that the green gold nanoparticles are nontoxic and thus provide excellent opportunities for their applications in nanomedicine for molecular imaging and therapy. The overall strategy described herein for the generation of gold nanoparticles meets all 12 principles of green chemistry, as no "man-made" chemicals, other than the gold salts, are used in the green nanotechnological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Shukla
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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41
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Kampkötter A, Chovolou Y, Kulawik A, Röhrdanz E, Weber N, Proksch P, Wätjen W. Isoflavone daidzein possesses no antioxidant activities in cell-free assays but induces the antioxidant enzyme catalase. Nutr Res 2008; 28:620-8. [PMID: 19083468 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2008.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Revised: 05/16/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have shown that dietary intake of isoflavonones is associated with several properties beneficial to human health. It has been suggested that at least some of these effects are related to the antioxidant activity of isoflavonoids. We analyzed the antioxidant activity of the major isoflavones found in soybeans, but none of these compounds showed prominent antioxidant effects in cell-free assay systems (trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay). Therefore, we examined the hypothesis that the antioxidative effects of isoflavones are caused indirectly by up-regulation of antioxidative enzymes, thereby lowering intracellular concentration of reactive oxygene species. Daidzein shows a significant induction of catalase promoter activity at 100 micromol/L in a reporter gene assay and at 200 micromol/L in Northern blot experiments. Another hypothesis for antioxidant effects caused by isoflavones is due to metabolism by intestinal bacteria. Analyzing the daidzein metabolites 3'-OH-daidzein and 6-OH-daidzein in our cell culture model, we found strong antioxidant effects (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay). We conclude that isoflavone daidzein up-regulates the antioxidant enzyme catalase but shows only little antioxidant capacity per se. Antioxidant effects of this dietary isoflavonone may also be due to formation of the antioxidant metabolites 6-OH-daidzein and 3'-OH-daidzein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kampkötter
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Institute of Toxicology, PO Box 101007, 40001 Düsseldorf, Germany
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42
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Isanga J, Zhang GN. Soybean Bioactive Components and their Implications to Health—A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/87559120801926351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Isanga
- a School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University, Key Laboratory of Food Science and Safety, Ministry of Education , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China
- b Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry , Makerere University , Kampala , Uganda
| | - Guo-Nong Zhang
- a School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University, Key Laboratory of Food Science and Safety, Ministry of Education , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China
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Zhang LN, Cao P, Tan SH, Gu W, Shi L, Zhu HL. Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of 7-O-modified genistein derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:1543-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2007] [Revised: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 09/06/2007] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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44
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Zhang ZT, Tan DJ, Xue D. A Concise One-Pot Synthesis of 3,4-Diaryl-1H-pyrazoles from Natural Isoflavones and Hydrazine Hydrate. Helv Chim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200790217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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45
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Wang YC, Zhang ZT, Chang Y. Syntheses and crystal structures of cobalt(II) and zinc(II) complexes with 4′-methoxy-5,6,7-trihydroxyisoflavone-3′-sulfonate. Struct Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-007-9219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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46
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Zhang LN, Xiao ZP, Ding H, Ge HM, Xu C, Zhu HL, Tan RX. Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of novel 7-O-modified genistein derivatives. Chem Biodivers 2007; 4:248-55. [PMID: 17311236 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200790030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two series of genistein (=5,7-dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one) derivatives with heterocycles were prepared, in which genistein and heterocyclic moieties were separated by C(2) and C(3) spacers. Among the 24 compounds we prepared, 22, i.e., 3a-3k and 4a-4k, were reported for the first time, while the preparation of 2a and 2b was reported in our recent paper. The cytotoxic activities of these compounds were evaluated against human chronic myeloid leukemia cells (K562) and a human nasopharyngeal epidermoid tumor cell line (KB). Compounds 4a, 4d, 4e, 4h, and 4i showed remarkable anticancer activities in vitro that are comparable with 5-fluorouracil, an canonical anticancer drug. Structure-effect relationships were also discussed based on the experimental data obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Zhang
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
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47
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Prakash D, Upadhyay G, Singh BN, Singh H. Antioxidant and free radical-scavenging activities of seeds and agri-wastes of some varieties of soybean (Glycine max). Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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48
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Kao TH, Chen BH. Functional components in soybean cake and their effects on antioxidant activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:7544-55. [PMID: 17002420 DOI: 10.1021/jf061586x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant activities of four fractions of isoflavones from soybean cake were evaluated and compared with those of ISO-1 and ISO-2 fractions, five isoflavone standards, and mixtures of two or four isoflavone standards, as well as four commercial antioxidants, using DPPH, TEAC, reducing power, metal ion chelating, conjugated diene, and TBARS assays. Both malonylglucoside and glucoside fractions were isolated using preparative chromatography with Diaion HP-20 as adsorbent, whereas acetylglucoside and aglycone fractions were separated with silica gel as adsorbent. The other two fractions, ISO-1 and ISO-2, were soybean cake extracts containing 12 isoflavones for the former and a combination of 4 fractions for the latter. Both acetylglucoside and ISO-1 fractions exhibited the highest efficiency in scavenging DPPH free radicals, whereas all six fractions were effective in inhibiting conjugated diene formation. However, a low reducing power was observed for all six fractions and isoflavone standards. The aglycone fraction and genistein standard showed a pronounced increase of TEAC value and a moderate decrease of TBARs value. For chelating metal ions, both ISO-1 and ISO-2 fractions were the most efficient. Overall, the isoflavone fractions showed a better antioxidant activity than the isoflavone standards, probably caused by the presence of some other functional components such as saponin, flavonoid, and phenolic compounds in soybean cake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Hua Kao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Fu Jen University, Taipei, Taiwan
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49
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Liu H, Zhang C, Zeng W. Estrogenic and antioxidant effects of a phytoestrogen daidzein on ovarian germ cells in embryonic chickens. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2006; 31:258-68. [PMID: 16359839 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2005.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2005] [Revised: 11/04/2005] [Accepted: 11/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The estrogenic and antioxidant effects of the phytoestrogen daidzein (DAI) on germ cell proliferation were evaluated by a chicken ovarian germ-somatic cell coculture model. Ovarian cells were dispersed from 18-day-old embryos, cultured in serum-free McCoy's 5A medium and challenged with DAI alone or in combinations with estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen for 48 h. The number of germ cells was counted and the proliferating cells were identified by immunocytochemistry of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The labeling index (LI) was determined for germ cells. Results showed that DAI significantly increased the number of germ cells (P<0.05) and this stimulating effect was inhibited by tamoxifen in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, PCNA-LI of germ cells displayed similar changes with the number of germ cells. To estimate the antioxidant action of DAI, ovarian cells were exposed to the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing system hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase (HX/XO). The changes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) level were measured for estimation of the antioxidant status. Ovarian cells were severely damaged by free radicals and this deteriorating effect could be prevented by DAI. Moreover, HX/XO-induced decrease in SOD activity and GSH level was restored by DAI (P<0.05). These results indicated that DAI promoted proliferation of cultured ovarian germ cells by estrogenic action and attenuated ROS-induced toxicity by antioxidant action in embryonic chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 268 Kaixuan Road, Hangzhou 310029, China
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Yang Y, Fix D. Genetic analysis of the anti-mutagenic effect of genistein in Escherichia coli. Mutat Res 2006; 600:193-206. [PMID: 16872640 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2006.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2005] [Revised: 04/21/2006] [Accepted: 05/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Genistein, the main isoflavone in soy, has received considerable attention for its potential anti-carcinogenic properties. In a previous report, we investigated the possible role of genistein in anti-mutagenesis, using an Escherichia coli reversion assay system. Genistein reduced ENU-induced mutagenesis in a dose-dependent manner and the reduction of mutation frequency was differential among several categories of mutation. Most notable was a loss of transversion mutations, which require SOS functions. In this report, we further investigated the anti-mutagenic effect of genistein using a genetic approach. E. coli strains having alterations in genes involved in SOS-mutagenesis were examined, as were strains having defects in proteins that might serve as potential targets for genistein. The results showed that ENU-induced mutations produced in recA730 and lexA(Def) strains, both expressing a constitutive SOS response, were reduced by genistein to a lesser extent than in the wild-type strain. The effect of genistein was not entirely abolished, however. ENU mutagenesis in a umuC derivative, which reflects predominantly transition mutations, was unaffected by genistein. ENU-induced mutations in strains having defects in topA, gyrA, typA or uspA were not different than the wild-type, suggesting that these gene products were not involved in genistein's anti-mutagenic effect. In addition, we determined the distribution of genistein in various cellular fractions using HPLC. These studies revealed that genistein could be recovered from E. coli cells grown on agar media containing genistein; the intracellular concentration was similar to that in the agar plates. Further, most of the genistein recovered was associated with proteins in the cytosolic fraction and little partitioned in the membrane fraction. In vitro studies showed that genistein could be precipitated from a protein (BSA) containing solution. Finally, we examined the effect of genistein on formation of the RecA filament on ssDNA in vitro and observed an inhibition at high concentrations of genistein. In total, these results suggested that genistein may reduce SOS-dependent mutagenesis by reducing the interaction of RecA protein with ssDNA. As a consequence, genistein could cause a reduction in (1) the overall SOS response (confirmed using beta-galactosidase assays) and (2) trans-lesion DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
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