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Dandopath Patra M. Comparative study of binding abilities of Siglec-7 to different ligands using molecular modeling techniques and structural analysis. J Carbohydr Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2021.1954656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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2
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Non-carbohydrate strategies to inhibit lectin proteins with special emphasis on galectins. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 222:113561. [PMID: 34146913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are a family of glycan-binding proteins, many of which have been established as key targets for therapeutic intervention. They play a central role in many physiological and cellular processes. With the advances in protein crystallography, NMR spectroscopy and computational power over the past couple of decades, the carbohydrate-receptor interactions are now well understood and characterized. Nevertheless, designing efficient carbohydrate inhibitors is a laborious endeavour. They are known to have weak affinities, unsuitable pharmacokinetic properties and highly cumbersome/complex synthetic routes. To circumvent these issues many non-carbohydrate strategies have been reported. Galectins are a sub-family of lectin proteins which have been recognized as crucial targets for a wide variety of diseases. Many candidates targeting galectins are currently in advanced stages of clinical trials. There have been a few reports of non-carbohydrate inhibitors targeting galectins which comprise of peptide-based inhibitors and a recent flourish of heterocyclic inhibitors. In this review, we have briefly highlighted the strategies like fragment-based drug-design and high-throughput screens utilized to identify non-carbohydrate based antagonists for proteins wherein the presence of a sugar was believed to be essential. Additionally, we have described the literature pertaining to non-carbohydrate inhibitors of galectins and how previous reports on rational substitution of a sugar motif could aid in design of heterocyclics that inhibit lectins/galectins. We have concluded with remarks on challenges, gap in our understanding and future perspectives concerned with rational design of non-carbohydrate molecules targeting lectins/galectins.
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Gulati S, Singh P, Diwan A, Mongia A, Kumar S. Functionalized gold nanoparticles: promising and efficient diagnostic and therapeutic tools for HIV/AIDS. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:1252-1266. [PMID: 34095839 PMCID: PMC8126886 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00298d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Functionalized gold nanoparticles are recognized as promising vehicles in the diagnosis and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) owing to their excellent biocompatibility with biomolecules (like DNA or RNA), their potential for multivalency and their unique optical and structural properties. In this context, this review article focuses on the diverse detection abilities and delivery and uptake methodologies of HIV by targeting genes and proteins using gold nanoparticles on the basis of different shapes and sizes in order to promote its effective expression. In addition, recent trends in gold nanoparticle mediated HIV detection, delivery and uptake and treatment are highlighted considering their cytotoxic effects on healthy human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Gulati
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi Delhi-110021 India
| | - Parinita Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi Delhi-110021 India
| | - Anchita Diwan
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi Delhi-110021 India
| | - Ayush Mongia
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi Delhi-110021 India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi Delhi-110021 India
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Kamei R, Devi OS, Singh SJ, Singh SS. Roles and Biomedical Applications of Haemolymph Lectin. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:1444-1450. [PMID: 32744967 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200730123330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lectins are class of proteins characterized by their ability to selectively bind carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins. Many invertebrate lectins, especially derived from hemolymph, are being purified, and yet their functions and medical applications are subjects of major interest. METHODS Hemolymph lectins in invertebrates play a major role in protecting against many pathogens and microbes. Further, many hemolymph lectins show anticancer properties towards various cancer cell lines, which expresses globotriaosyl ceramides on their cell surface. RESULTS These vast repertoires of hemolymph lectins in recognizing and inhibiting the growth of various harmful microbes and cancerous cells have spurred the biochemist to use them in histochemical and cytochemical studies. CONCLUSION The present review will address the biological roles and biomedical applications of hemolymph lectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Kamei
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Biochemistry Department, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal 795003, India
| | - Oinam S Devi
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Biochemistry Department, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal 795003, India
| | - Sorokhaibam J Singh
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Biochemistry Department, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal 795003, India
| | - Senjam S Singh
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Biochemistry Department, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal 795003, India
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5
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Paulchamy R, Sreeramulu B, Karuppiah H, Arumugam G, Sundaram J. A serine protease-associated lectin in the cytolytic system of blowfly (Chrysomya megacephala) larvae: Evidence and characterization. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 103:e21623. [PMID: 31579962 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cytolytic activity against invading microorganisms is one of the innate forms of immunity in invertebrates. A serine protease-associated sialic acid-specific cytolytic lectin was purified using glutaraldehyde-fixed ox erythrocytes from the larval extract of blowfly (Chrysomya megacephala). The purified lectin lysed vertebrate erythrocytes with effective haemolysis of ox red blood cells (RBCs) in an isotonic medium. The degree of haemolytic (HL) activity of the purified cytolytic lectin depended on its concentration, pH, temperature, and calcium ions. It was sensitive to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The native molecular mass of the C-type lectin was 260 ± 26 kDa, comprising four different polypeptide subunits of 75 kDa (pI ~8), 69 kDa (pI ~7.0), 61 kDa (pI ~5.3), and 55 kDa (pI ~4.6). The association between the C-type lectin and serine protease was confirmed by MALDI-TOF-MS analysis that revealed its homology in the same spectral peak as well as the proteases and phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride inhibition of HL activity. Haemolysis inhibition by N-acetylneuraminic acid and other sugars revealed the properties of the lectin. The purified lectin distorted the integrity of ox RBCs and Paenalcaligenes hermetiae. This in vitro study documents the presence of a cytolytic system in blowfly (C. megacephala) larvae for the clearance of invading microbial pathogens in their feeding niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramaraj Paulchamy
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Hilda Karuppiah
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganesh Arumugam
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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6
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Climent N, García I, Marradi M, Chiodo F, Miralles L, Maleno MJ, Gatell JM, García F, Penadés S, Plana M. Loading dendritic cells with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) bearing HIV-peptides and mannosides enhance HIV-specific T cell responses. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 14:339-351. [PMID: 29157976 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) decorated with glycans ameliorate dendritic cells (DC) uptake, antigen-presentation and T-cells cross-talk, which are important aspects in vaccine design. GNPs allow for high antigen loading, DC targeting, lack of toxicity and are straightforward prepared and easy to handle. The present study aimed to assess the capacity of DC to process and present HIV-1-peptides loaded onto GNPs bearing high-mannoside-type oligosaccharides (P1@HM) to autologous T-cells from HIV-1 patients. The results showed that P1@HM increased HIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell proliferation and induced highly functional cytokine secretion compared with HIV-peptides alone. P1@HM elicits a highly efficient secretion of pro-TH1 cytokines and chemokines, a moderate production of pro-TH2 and significant higher secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β. Thus, co-delivery of HIV-1 antigens and HM by GNPs is an excellent vaccine delivery system inducing HIV-specific cellular immune responses in HIV+ patients, being a promising approach to improve anti-HIV-1 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Climent
- AIDS Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), HIV Vaccine Development in Catalonia (HIVACAT), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel García
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Paseo Miramón 182, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Marco Marradi
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Paseo Miramón 182, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Chiodo
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherland
| | - Laia Miralles
- AIDS Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), HIV Vaccine Development in Catalonia (HIVACAT), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José Maleno
- AIDS Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), HIV Vaccine Development in Catalonia (HIVACAT), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José María Gatell
- AIDS Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), HIV Vaccine Development in Catalonia (HIVACAT), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Service of Infectious Diseases & AIDS Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felipe García
- AIDS Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), HIV Vaccine Development in Catalonia (HIVACAT), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Service of Infectious Diseases & AIDS Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soledad Penadés
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Paseo Miramón 182, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Montserrat Plana
- AIDS Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), HIV Vaccine Development in Catalonia (HIVACAT), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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7
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Hanske J, Schulze J, Aretz J, McBride R, Loll B, Schmidt H, Knirel Y, Rabsch W, Wahl MC, Paulson JC, Rademacher C. Bacterial Polysaccharide Specificity of the Pattern Recognition Receptor Langerin Is Highly Species-dependent. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:862-871. [PMID: 27903635 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.751750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The recognition of pathogen surface polysaccharides by glycan-binding proteins is a cornerstone of innate host defense. Many members of the C-type lectin receptor family serve as pattern recognition receptors facilitating pathogen uptake, antigen processing, and immunomodulation. Despite the high evolutionary pressure in host-pathogen interactions, it is still widely assumed that genetic homology conveys similar specificities. Here, we investigate the ligand specificities of the human and murine forms of the myeloid C-type lectin receptor langerin for simple and complex ligands augmented by structural insight into murine langerin. Although the two homologs share the same three-dimensional structure and recognize simple ligands identically, a screening of more than 300 bacterial polysaccharides revealed highly diverging avidity and selectivity for larger and more complex glycans. Structural and evolutionary conservation analysis identified a highly variable surface adjacent to the canonic binding site, potentially forming a secondary site of interaction for large glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Hanske
- From the Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14424, Germany.,the Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Jessica Schulze
- From the Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14424, Germany.,the Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Jonas Aretz
- From the Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14424, Germany.,the Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Ryan McBride
- the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology and Microbial Science and Department of Chemical Physiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Bernhard Loll
- the Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Henrik Schmidt
- From the Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14424, Germany.,the Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Yuriy Knirel
- the N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia, and
| | - Wolfgang Rabsch
- the Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, National Reference Centre for Salmonellae and other Bacterial Enteric Pathogens, Wernigerode 38855, Germany
| | - Markus C Wahl
- the Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - James C Paulson
- the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology and Microbial Science and Department of Chemical Physiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- From the Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14424, Germany, .,the Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
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8
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Zhou B, Long Y, Song G, Li Q, Cui Z. Molecular characterization of the lgals1 gene in large scale loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus. Gene 2015; 577:65-74. [PMID: 26611526 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Galectins constitute a group of lectins with binding specificity for β-galactoside sugars. Galectin-1 is a prototype galectin and the multifunctionality of mammalian galectin-1s is well-known, but only a few of fish galectin-1s have been identified. In this study, we obtained the full-length cDNA and genomic sequence of the galectin-1 gene (designated as Pdlgals1) from large scale loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus), performed phylogenetic analysis, and characterized the expression pattern and the transcriptional activity of its 5' flanking region. The Pdlgals1 gene contains 4 exons that encode a peptide of 132 amino acids with all the galectin signature motifs. Phylogenetic analysis and sequence alignment indicated that Pdlgals1 is a homologue of human LGALS1. RT-PCR and whole-mount in situ hybridization revealed that Pdlgals1 is mainly expressed in the skin, muscle, intestine and cavum oropharyngeum. Transcriptional activity assays demonstrated that the basal promoter of Pdlgals1 is located in a region from -500bp to its transcriptional start site. Potential binding sites for transcription factors including C/EBP, AP-1, GATA, Oct-1, δEF1, NF-κB, c-Myb, SP-1, AP-2, AML-1α, and AP-4 were identified in the basal promoter, suggesting that these factors are associated with the regulation of Pdlgals1. These results provided clues for further investigation of galectin-1 functions in loaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolan Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yong Long
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Guili Song
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zongbin Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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Rachel H, Chang-Chun L. Recent advances toward the development of inhibitors to attenuate tumor metastasis via the interruption of lectin-ligand interactions. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2014; 69:125-207. [PMID: 24274369 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-408093-5.00005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation is a well-recognized phenomenon that occurs on the surface of tumor cells, and the overexpression of a number of ligands (such as TF, sialyl Tn, and sialyl Lewis X) has been correlated to a worse prognosis for the patient. These unique carbohydrate structures play an integral role in cell-cell communication and have also been associated with more metastatic cancer phenotypes, which can result from binding to lectins present on cell surfaces. The most well studied metastasis-associated lectins are the galectins and selectins, which have been correlated to adhesion, neoangiogenesis, and immune-cell evasion processes. In order to slow the rate of metastatic lesion formation, a number of approaches have been successfully developed which involve interfering with the tumor lectin-substrate binding event. Through the generation of inhibitors, or by attenuating lectin and/or carbohydrate expression, promising results have been observed both in vitro and in vivo. This article briefly summarizes the involvement of lectins in the metastatic process and also describes different approaches used to prevent these undesirable carbohydrate-lectin binding events, which should ultimately lead to improvement in current cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hevey Rachel
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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10
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Gironella M, Calvo C, Fernández A, Closa D, Iovanna JL, Rosello-Catafau J, Folch-Puy E. Reg3β deficiency impairs pancreatic tumor growth by skewing macrophage polarization. Cancer Res 2013; 73:5682-94. [PMID: 23867474 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The lectin Reg3β provides crucial protection to various tissues against inflammation, a potential risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Reg3β is also overexpressed in serum and pancreatic juice from patients with this cancer, but its function in this context remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of Reg3β in tumor development in an orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Reg3β deletion in mice drastically impaired pancreatic tumor growth, correlating with decreased angiogenesis and increased apoptosis of tumor cells. Moreover, Reg3β deficiency resulted in an alteration of the tumoral immune microenvironment, reflected by a decrease in the M2/M1 ratio of tumor-associated macrophages and an upregulation of CD3(+) cell infiltration. Addition of Reg3β to prestimulated RAW 264.7 or primary macrophages enhanced M2 polarization through the activation of STAT3 signaling pathway. Conditioned media from Reg3β-M2-polarized primary macrophages inhibited apoptosis and prolonged the viability of Panc02 tumor cells. Our studies reveal a novel role for Reg3β as a tumor promoter in pancreatic adenocarcinoma through the regulation of tumor stroma. Thus, inhibition of this protein may be a useful strategy in treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Gironella
- Authors' Affiliations: Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia; Experimental Pathology Department, IIBB-CSIC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; and Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Unité 1068, Marseille, France
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11
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Tian X, Baek KH, Shin I. Dual-labeled glycoclusters: synthesis and their application in monitoring lectin-mediated endocytosis. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 9:978-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mb25491g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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12
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Vitashenkova N, Moeller JB, Leth-Larsen R, Schlosser A, Lund KP, Tornøe I, Vitved L, Hansen S, Willis A, Kharazova AD, Skjødt K, Sorensen GL, Holmskov U. Identification and characterization of a chitin-binding protein purified from coelomic fluid of the lugworm Arenicola marina defining a novel protein sequence family. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:42846-55. [PMID: 23115230 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.420976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have isolated a novel type of lectin named Arenicola marina lectin-1 (AML-1) from the lugworm A. marina. The lectin was purified from the coelomic fluid by affinity chromatography on a GlcNAc-derivatized column and eluted with GlcNAc. On SDS-PAGE, AML-1 showed an apparent molecular mass of 27 and 31 kDa in the reduced state. The N-terminal amino acid sequences were identical in these two bands. In the unreduced state, a complex band pattern was observed with bands from 35 kDa to more than 200 kDa. Two different full-length clones encoding polypeptides of 241 and 243 amino acids, respectively, were isolated from a coelomocyte cDNA library. The two clones, designated AML-1a and AML-1b, were 92% identical at the protein level and represent a novel type of protein sequence family. Purified AML-1 induced agglutination of rabbit erythrocytes, which could be inhibited by N-acetylated saccharides. Recombinant AML-1b showed the same band pattern as the native protein, whereas recombinant AML-1a in the reduced state lacked a 27 kDa band. AML-1b bound GlcNAc-derivatized columns and chitin, whereas AML-1a did not bind to these matrices. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that AML-1 is expressed by coelomocytes in the nephridium and in round cells in the epidermis and in eggs. Moreover, AML-1 expression was up-regulated in response to a parasitic infection. We conclude that AML-1 purified from coelomic fluid is encoded by AML-1b and represents a novel type of protein family that binds acetylated components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Vitashenkova
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.P. Winsloews Vej 25.3, 5000 Odense C, Odense, Denmark
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13
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Mu C, Song X, Zhao J, Wang L, Qiu L, Zhang H, Zhou Z, Wang M, Song L, Wang C. A scallop C-type lectin from Argopecten irradians (AiCTL5) with activities of lipopolysaccharide binding and Gram-negative bacteria agglutination. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 32:716-723. [PMID: 22342746 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
C-type lectins are a family of calcium-dependent carbohydrate-binding proteins. In the present study, a C-type lectin (designated as AiCTL5) was identified and characterized from Argopecten irradians. The full-length cDNA of AiCTL5 was of 673 bp, containing a 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 24 bp, a 3' UTR of 130 bp with a poly (A) tail, and an open reading frame (ORF) of 519 bp encoding a polypeptide of 172 amino acids with a putative signal peptide of 17 amino acids. A C-type lectin-like domain (CRD) containing 6 conserved cysteines and a putative glycosylation sites were identified in the deduced amino acid sequence of AiCTL5. AiCTL5 shared 11%-27.5% identity with the previous reported C-type lectin from A. irradians. The cDNA fragment encoding the mature peptide of AiCTL5 was recombined into pET-21a (+) with a C-terminal hexa-histidine tag fused in-frame, and expressed in Escherichia coli Origami (DE3). The recombinant AiCTL5 (rAiCTL5) agglutinated Gram-negative E. coli TOP10F' and Listonella anguillarum, but did not agglutinate Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis and Micrococcus luteus, and the agglutination could be inhibited by EDTA, indicating that AiCTL5 was a Ca(2+)-dependent lectin. rAiCTL5 exhibited a significantly strong activity to bind LPS from E. coli, which conformed to the agglutinating activity toward Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, rAiCTL5 also agglutinated rabbit erythrocytes. These results indicated that AiCTL5 could function as a pattern recognition receptor to protect bay scallop from Gram-negative bacterial infection, and also provide evidence to understand the structural and functional diverse of lectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changkao Mu
- School of Marine Science of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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14
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Arnáiz B, Martínez-Ávila O, Falcon-Perez JM, Penadés S. Cellular Uptake of Gold Nanoparticles Bearing HIV gp120 Oligomannosides. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:814-25. [DOI: 10.1021/bc200663r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Arnáiz
- Laboratory
of Glyconanotechnology, Biofunctional Nanomaterials Unit, CIC biomaGUNE, ‡Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering,
Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), P° de
Miramón 182, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science; ∥Metabolomics Unit, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Bizkaia Technology Park Bldg
801-A, Derio, 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Olga Martínez-Ávila
- Laboratory
of Glyconanotechnology, Biofunctional Nanomaterials Unit, CIC biomaGUNE, ‡Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering,
Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), P° de
Miramón 182, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science; ∥Metabolomics Unit, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Bizkaia Technology Park Bldg
801-A, Derio, 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Juan M. Falcon-Perez
- Laboratory
of Glyconanotechnology, Biofunctional Nanomaterials Unit, CIC biomaGUNE, ‡Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering,
Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), P° de
Miramón 182, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science; ∥Metabolomics Unit, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Bizkaia Technology Park Bldg
801-A, Derio, 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Soledad Penadés
- Laboratory
of Glyconanotechnology, Biofunctional Nanomaterials Unit, CIC biomaGUNE, ‡Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering,
Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), P° de
Miramón 182, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science; ∥Metabolomics Unit, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Bizkaia Technology Park Bldg
801-A, Derio, 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
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15
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Sugar-labeled and PEGylated (bio)degradable polymers intended for targeted drug delivery systems. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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A glycobiology review: carbohydrates, lectins and implications in cancer therapeutics. Acta Histochem 2011; 113:236-47. [PMID: 20199800 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Revised: 02/14/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review is intended for general readers who would like a basic foundation in carbohydrate structure and function, lectin biology, and the implications of glycobiology in human health and disease, particularly in cancer therapeutics. These topics are among the hundreds included in the field of glycobiology and are treated here because they form the cornerstone of glycobiology or the focus of many advances in this rapidly expanding field.
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17
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Costa FHF, Valença NSMS, Silva ARBP, Bezerra GA, Cavada BS, Rádis-Baptista G. Cloning and molecular modeling of Litopenaeus vannamei (Penaeidae) C-type lectin homologs with mutated mannose binding domain-2. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2011; 10:650-64. [PMID: 21523655 DOI: 10.4238/vol10-2gmr999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
C-type lectins are animal proteins that contain at least one carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) capable of mediating sugar and calcium binding. Carbohydrate recognition is directly required for some biological functions, including the innate immune response. We cloned two novel C-type lectin (CTL) precursors from the commercial marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The cloned cDNAs encompass ORFs of 1044 nucleotides and encode highly similar two-domain polypeptides of 347 residues. The predicted proteins, LvCTL-br1 and -br2, contain the consensus triad that recognizes galactose (-GlnProAsp-) in CRD1 but also contain a mutated mannose-binding site (-GluProAsn-) in the second domain (CRD2). Phylogenetic analysis of LvCTL-br1 and -br2 and hundreds of CTL-like domain-containing proteins have allowed grouping of penaeid shrimp CTLs into three functional clusters. Reverse transcription coupled to PCR indicated that LvCTL-br1 expression is induced in shrimp gills upon IHHNV infection. Computational molecular modeling of LvCTL-br1 and -br2 revealed that three amino acid substitutions in CRD1 occur near the sugar binding site. Also, the 3-D models show a long loop of LvCTL-br1 CRD2 that might accommodate complex sugars. The structural data, evolutionary history and functional analysis support the hypothesis that gene duplication and accelerated evolution have caused functional diversification of penaeid shrimp C-type lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H F Costa
- Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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18
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Kong P, Wang L, Zhang H, Song X, Zhou Z, Yang J, Qiu L, Wang L, Song L. A novel C-type lectin from bay scallop Argopecten irradians (AiCTL-7) agglutinating fungi with mannose specificity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 30:836-844. [PMID: 21255651 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
C-type lectins are a superfamily of proteins that can bind pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and microorganisms through the recognition of carbohydrates, thus they are directly involved in innate defense mechanisms as part of the acute-phase response to infection. In this study, the cDNA of a novel C-type lectin (designated as AiCTL-7) was cloned from bay scallop Argopecten irradians by expression sequence tag (EST) analysis and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) approach. The full-length cDNA of AiCTL-7 was of 651 bp containing a 525 bp open reading frame which encoded a signal peptide of 15 residues and a conserved carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of 174 residues with the EPD and WSD motifs instead of the invariant EPN and WND motifs for determining the carbohydrate-binding specificity and constructing Ca(2+)-binding site 2 in vertebrates. The deduced amino acid sequence of AiCTL-7 CRD shared homology not only with the CRDs of C-type lectins in mollusks, but also with the fish lectin CRDs. The mRNA transcripts of AiCTL-7 were mainly detected in the tissue of hepatopancreas and also marginally detectable in kidney, gonad, hemocytes, heart and adductor of health scallop. After challenge with fungi Pichia pastoris GS115 and Gram-negative bacteria Listonella anguillarum, the relative expression level of AiCTL-7 was up-regulated significantly in hepatopancreas and hemocytes. The CRD of AiCTL-7 was recombined and expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant protein (rAiCTL-7) aggregated P. pastoris remarkably in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner, and this agglutination could be inhibited by d-mannose, but not by d-galactose or β-1,3-glucan. However, rAiCTL-7 displayed no obvious agglutinating activity against L. anguillarum. These results collectively indicated that AiCTL-7 was involved in the primitive acute-phase response to microbial invasion as an important pattern recognition receptor (PRR) in the innate immune system of scallops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Kong
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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19
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Romero A, Dios S, Poisa-Beiro L, Costa MM, Posada D, Figueras A, Novoa B. Individual sequence variability and functional activities of fibrinogen-related proteins (FREPs) in the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) suggest ancient and complex immune recognition models in invertebrates. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 35:334-344. [PMID: 21034769 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe sequences of fibrinogen-related proteins (FREPs) in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (MuFREPs) with the fibrinogen domain probably involved in the antigen recognition, but without the additional collagen-like domain of ficolins, molecules responsible for complement activation by the lectin pathway. Although they do not seem to be true or primive ficolins since the phylogenetic analysis are not conclusive enough, their expression is increased after bacterial infection or PAMPs treatment and they present opsonic activities similar to mammalian ficolins. The most remarkable aspect of these sequences was the existence of a very diverse set of FREP sequences among and within individuals (different mussels do not share any identical sequence) which parallels the extraordinary complexity of the immune system, suggesting the existence of a primitive system with a potential capacity to recognize and eliminate different kind of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Romero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
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20
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Kawahara S, Konishi H, Morino M, Ohata K, Kiyama H. Pancreatitis-associated protein-I and pancreatitis-associated protein-III expression in a rat model of kainic acid-induced seizure. Neuroscience 2010; 175:273-80. [PMID: 21093549 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP) family (also known as the regenerating gene (Reg) family) is a group of 16 kDa secretory proteins structurally classified as the calcium dependent-type lectin superfamily. Some PAP family members are expressed in neurons following peripheral nerve injury and traumatic brain injury. To determine whether PAP family members are expressed in non-traumatic brain injury, expressions were analyzed following kainic acid (KA)-induced seizure. PAP-I (also known as Reg2 in rat and RegIII-beta in mouse) and pancreatitis associated protein-III (PAP-III; RegIII-gamma in mouse) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was transiently expressed in some restricted areas, such as the hippocampus and parahippocampal area; expression was observed immediately at a maximal level 1 day after seizure. Expression disappeared within 3 days after seizure. In situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry revealed neuronal PAP-I and PAP-III expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, perirhinal and entorhinal cortices, and the posterior cortical nucleus of the amygdala. The number of PAP-III mRNA-positive neurons was significantly greater than PAP-I mRNA-positive neurons. The majority of positive neurons co-localized with c-Jun, but not with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). These results may suggest that PAP-I and PAP-III induction in non-GABAergic neurons would protect neurons against damage following seizure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kawahara
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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21
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The role of metal ions in substrate recognition and stability of concanavalin A: a molecular dynamics study. Biophys J 2010; 96:21-34. [PMID: 18849415 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.108.134601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The binding of carbohydrate substrates to concanavalin A (Canavalia ensiformis agglutinin (ConA)) is essential for its interaction with various glycoproteins. Even though metal ions are known to control the sugar binding ability of legume lectins, the interplay between sugar and metal ion binding to ConA has not been elucidated in a detailed manner at the atomic level. We have carried out long, explicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations for tetrameric, dimeric, and monomeric forms of ConA in both the presence and absence of trimannoside and metal ions. Detailed analyses of these trajectories for various oligomeric forms under different environmental conditions have revealed dynamic conformational changes associated with the demetalization of ConA. We found that demetalization of ConA leads to large conformational changes in the ion binding loop, with some of the loop residues moving as far as 17 A with respect to their positions in the native trimannoside and metal ion-bound crystal structure. However, the ?-sheet core of the protein remains relatively unperturbed. In addition, the high mobility of the ion binding loop results in drifting of the substrates in the absence of bound metal ions. These simulations provide a theoretical rationale for previous experimental observations regarding the abolition of the sugar binding ability upon demetalization. We also found that the amino acid stretches of ConA, having high B-factor values in the crystal structure, show relatively greater mobility in the simulations. The overall agreement of the results of our simulations with various experimental studies suggests that the force field parameters and length of simulations used in our study are adequate to mimic the dynamic structural changes in the ConA protein.
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22
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Cao X, Mao D, Wang C, Zeng B, Wang A, Lu M, Xu C. A D-galactose-Binding Lectin with Mitogenic Activity fromMusca domesticaPupae. Zoolog Sci 2009; 26:249-53. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.26.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Karskela M, Virta P, Malinen M, Urtti A, Lönnberg H. Synthesis and cellular uptake of fluorescently labeled multivalent hyaluronan disaccharide conjugates of oligonucleotide phosphorothioates. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 19:2549-58. [PMID: 19053300 DOI: 10.1021/bc800260y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Clustered hyaluronan disaccharides were studied as mediators of cellular delivery of antisense oligonucleotides through receptor-mediated endocytosis. For this purpose, a synthetic route for preparation of an appropriately protected hyaluronic acid dimer bearing an aldehyde tether (1) was devised. Up to three non-nucleosidic phosphoramidite building blocks (2), each bearing two phthaloyl protected aminooxy groups, were then inserted into the 3'-terminus of the desired phosphorothioate oligodeoxyribonucleotide, and 6-FAM phosphoramidite was introduced into the 5'-terminus. After completion of the chain assembly, the aldehyde-tethered sugar ligands were attached to the deprotected aminooxy functions by on-support oximation. Three fluorescein-labeled phosphorothioate oligonucleotide glycoconjugates (28-30) containing two, four, or six hyaluronan disaccharides were prepared. The influence of the hyaluronan moieties on the cellular uptake of the thioated oligonucleotides was tested in a cell line expressing the hyaluronan receptor CD44. Specific uptake was not detected with this combination of multiple hyaluronan disaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Karskela
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
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24
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Abstract
This overview provides an illustrated, comprehensive survey of some commonly observed protein‐fold families and structural motifs, chosen for their functional significance. It opens with descriptions and definitions of the various elements of protein structure and associated terminology. Following is an introduction into web‐based structural bioinformatics that includes surveys of interactive web servers for protein fold or domain annotation, protein‐structure databases, protein‐structure‐classification databases, structural alignments of proteins, and molecular graphics programs available for personal computers. The rest of the overview describes selected families of protein folds in terms of their secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structural arrangements, including ribbon‐diagram examples, tables of representative structures with references, and brief explanations pointing out their respective biological and functional significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Sun
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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25
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Takahara Y, Suzuki A, Maeda M, Kawashima H, Nakatani T, Kiyama H. Expression of Pancreatitis Associated Proteins in Urothelium and Urinary Afferent Neurons Following Cyclophosphamide Induced Cystitis. J Urol 2008; 179:1603-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takahara
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Urology, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akinobu Suzuki
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Maeda
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kawashima
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Urology, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nakatani
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Urology, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyama
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Urology, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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26
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Yu Y, Yu Y, Huang H, Feng K, Pan M, Yuan S, Huang S, Wu T, Guo L, Dong M, Chen S, Xu A. A Short-Form C-Type Lectin from Amphioxus Acts as a Direct Microbial Killing Protein via Interaction with Peptidoglycan and Glucan. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:8425-34. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.12.8425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Moura RM, Queiroz AFS, Fook JMSLL, Dias ASF, Monteiro NKV, Ribeiro JKC, Moura GEDD, Macedo LLP, Santos EA, Sales MP. CvL, a lectin from the marine sponge Cliona varians: Isolation, characterization and its effects on pathogenic bacteria and Leishmania promastigotes. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2006; 145:517-23. [PMID: 17020812 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2006] [Revised: 08/16/2006] [Accepted: 08/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
CvL, a lectin from the marine sponge Cliona varians was purified by acetone fractionation followed by Sepharose CL 4B affinity chromatography. CvL agglutinated papainized treated human erythrocytes with preference for type A erythrocytes. The lectin was strongly inhibited by monosaccharide d-galactose and disaccharide sucrose. CvL is a tetrameric glycoprotein of 28 kDa subunits linked by disulphide bridges with a molecular mass of 106 kDa by SDS-PAGE and 114 kDa by Sephacryl S300 gel filtration. The lectin was Ca2+ dependent, stable up to 60 degrees C for 60 min, with optimum pH of 7.5. CvL displays a cytotoxic effect on gram positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. However, CvL did not affect gram negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Leishmania chagasi promastigotes were agglutinated by CvL up to 2(8) titer. These findings are indicative of the physiological defense roles of CvL and its possible use in the antibiosis of bacteria and protozoa pathogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raniere M Moura
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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28
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De-Simone SG, Netto CC, Silva FP. Simple affinity chromatographic procedure to purify β-galactoside binding lectins. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 838:135-8. [PMID: 16750943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2005] [Revised: 02/13/2006] [Accepted: 02/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Affinity chromatography based on the commercial resin Sepharose CL-6B was used to isolate new C1-beta-type lectins from crude preparations of snake venoms (Bothrops jararaca, Bothrops jararacussu, Bothrops newiedi, Bothrops moojeni, Lachesis muta rhombeata). Most of the C-type lectins could be eluted with almost 100% recovery using the competitor isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) or through Ca2+ sequestration with EDTA. The lectin yield varied considerably among the different snake species, but B. newiedi venom was a particularly rich source of lectin, retaining 2.7 mg of lectin by milliliter of resin in saturating conditions. C1-alpha-lectins from Crotalus durisus terrificus venom, from the jack fruit (jacalin) and from bread fruit seeds extract (frutalin) had no affinity, either with or without Ca2+ added, for Sepharose CL-6B, showing that the resin is specific for C1-beta-type lectins. Sepharose CL-6B used as galactose-affinity chromatography provides a simple and fast method for isolating C-type beta-galactoside binding lectins from crude sample preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G De-Simone
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av Brasil 4365, 21045-900 RJ, Brazil.
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29
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Rego ROM, Hajdusek O, Kovár V, Kopácek P, Grubhoffer L, Hypsa V. Molecular cloning and comparative analysis of fibrinogen-related proteins from the soft tick Ornithodoros moubata and the hard tick Ixodes ricinus. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2005; 35:991-1004. [PMID: 15979000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2005.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2005] [Revised: 04/07/2005] [Accepted: 04/08/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Among disease-vectors, the evolution of the tick innate immune system is still lagging when compared to insects. Such an investigation, which was initiated, by first cloning and sequencing lectins associated in the innate immunity of invertebrates and having fibrinogen related domains, helped in the sequencing of cDNA encoding for OMFREP from the soft tick, Ornithodoros moubata. Also obtained were Ixoderin A and Ixoderin B cDNA sequences from the hard tick Ixodes ricinus. Tissue-specific expression of OMFREP showed that it was present primarily in the hemocytes and salivary glands. Ixoderin A besides sharing a similar expression profile was also expressed in the midgut. Both showed significantly high homology to the lectin Dorin M, from O. moubata. Further, phylogenetic comparisons between these molecules of the soft and hard ticks showed their relatedness to Tachylectins 5A and 5B, involved in the innate immunity of Tachypleus tridentatus and ficolins from both vertebrates and invertebrates. Ixoderin B showing tissue-specific expression only in the salivary glands and the sequence displaying certain motif differences in homology point towards a possible function different from the other two molecules. This is the first report of lectin-like sequences, with a fibrinogen-domain, from the hard tick I. ricinus and a preliminary phylogenetic study of these tick sequences with related fibrinogen-domain containing sequences highlights a possible role for them in the innate immunity of the ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan O M Rego
- Institute of Parasitology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branisovská 31, Ceské Budejovice, 370 05, Czech Republic.
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30
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Namikawa K, Fukushima M, Murakami K, Suzuki A, Takasawa S, Okamoto H, Kiyama H. Expression of Reg/PAP family members during motor nerve regeneration in rat. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 332:126-34. [PMID: 15896308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.04.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2005] [Accepted: 04/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the expression of mRNAs for Regenerating gene (Reg)/pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP) family members following hypoglossal nerve injury in rats. In addition to four rat family members (RegI, Reg-2/PAP I, PAP II, and PAP III) that had been identified, we newly cloned and sequenced a type-IV Reg gene in rats. Among these five family members, the expression of Reg-2/PAP I mRNA was predominantly enhanced in injured motor neurons after axotomy. Furthermore, a marked induction of PAP III mRNA was observed in the distal part of the injured nerve. A polyclonal antibody was raised against PAP III, and a Western blotting analysis using this antibody confirmed an increased level of PAP III protein in the injured nerve. These results suggest that Reg family members would be new mediators among injured neurons and glial cells, and may play pivotal roles during nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Namikawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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31
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Kong SW, Bodyak N, Yue P, Liu Z, Brown J, Izumo S, Kang PM. Genetic expression profiles during physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure in rats. Physiol Genomics 2005; 21:34-42. [PMID: 15623566 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00226.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is a complex and nonhomogenous response to various stimuli. In this study, we used high-density oligonucleotide microarray to examine gene expression profiles during physiological hypertrophy, pathological hypertrophy, and heart failure in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. There were changes in 404/3,160 and 874/3,160 genes between physiological and pathological hypertrophy and the transition from hypertrophy to heart failure, respectively. There were increases in stress response genes (e.g., heat shock proteins) and inflammation-related genes (e.g., pancreatitis-associated protein and arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) in pathological processes but not in physiological hypertrophy. Furthermore, atrial natriuretic factor and brain natriuretic protein showed distinctive changes that are very specific to different conditions. In addition, we used a resampling-based gene score-calculating method to define significantly altered gene clusters, based on Gene Ontology classification. It revealed significant alterations in genes involved in the apoptosis pathway during pathological hypertrophy, suggesting that the apoptosis pathway may play a role during the transition to heart failure. In addition, there were significant changes in glucose/insulin signaling, protein biosynthesis, and epidermal growth factor signaling during physiological hypertrophy but not during pathological hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sek Won Kong
- Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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32
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Rogers SL, Göbel TW, Viertlboeck BC, Milne S, Beck S, Kaufman J. Characterization of the Chicken C-Type Lectin-Like Receptors B-NK and B-lec Suggests That the NK Complex and the MHC Share a Common Ancestral Region. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:3475-83. [PMID: 15749883 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.6.3475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The sequencing of the chicken MHC led to the identification of two open reading frames, designated B-NK and B-lec, that were predicted to encode C-type lectin domains. C-type lectin domains are not encoded in the MHC of any animal described to date; therefore, this observation was completely unexpected, particularly given that the chicken has a "minimal essential MHC." In this study, we describe the initial characterization of the B-NK and B-lec genes, and show that they share greatest homology with C-type lectin-like receptors encoded in the human NK complex (NKC), in particular NKR-P1 and lectin-like transcript 1 (LLT1), respectively. In common with NKR-P1 and LLT1, B-NK and B-lec are located next to each other and transcribed in opposite orientation. Like human NKR-P1, B-NK has a functional inhibitory signaling motif in the cytoplasmic tail and is expressed in NK cells. In contrast, B-lec contains an endocytosis motif in the cytoplasmic tail, and like LLT1, is an early activation Ag. Further analysis leads us to propose that there are four subgroups of C-type lectin-like receptors in the NKC, which arose as a result of duplication events. Moreover, this analysis suggests that the NKC may be considered a fifth paralogous region, and therefore shares an ancient common origin with the MHC. This provides evidence that C-type lectin-like receptors were present in the preduplication, primordial MHC region, and suggests that an original function of MHC molecules was for recognition by NK cell receptors encoded nearby.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally L Rogers
- Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Berkshire, United Kingdom
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33
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Havt A, Toyama MH, do Nascimento NRF, Toyama DO, Nobre ACL, Martins AMC, Barbosa PSF, Novello JC, Boschero AC, Carneiro EM, Fonteles MC, Monteiro HSA. A new C-type animal lectin isolated from Bothrops pirajai is responsible for the snake venom major effects in the isolated kidney. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2005; 37:130-41. [PMID: 15381156 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2004.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2003] [Revised: 11/12/2003] [Accepted: 06/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the biochemical and biological effects of a new C-type galactoside specific lectin termed BPL that was isolated from the snake venom of Bothrops pirajai. This lectin was purified using size exclusion HPLC followed by an immobilized lactose affinity column. The purified BPL was homogeneous by reverse phase HPLC and SDS-PAGE. We evaluated the nephrotoxicity of the whole venom of B. pirajai and its lectin. The whole venom of B. pirajai (10 microg/mL) showed similar results as those observed for BPL (3, 10 and 30 microg/mL) evaluated by the perfused rat kidney method. They caused reductions in perfusion pressure (Control120 = 110.28 +/- 3.69; BP120 = 70.70 +/- 2.40*; BPL3(120) = 113.20 +/- 4.40; BPL10(120) = 67.80 +/- 3.00*; BPL30(120) = 64.90 +/- 3.50* mmHg; *: P < 0.05), renal vascular resistance, urinary flow, glomerular filtration rate (Control90 = 0.695 +/- 0.074; BP90 = 0.142 +/- 0.032*; BPL3(90) = 0.314 +/- 0.064; BPL10(90) = 0.250 +/- 0.038*; BPL30(90) = 0.088 +/- 0.021* mLg(-1) min(-1); *: P < 0.05) and sodium (Control120 = 81.28 +/- 0.26; BP120 = 55.71 +/- 5.72*; BPL3(120) = 80.94 +/- 0.93; BPL10(120) = 65.23 +/- 1.47*; BPL30(120) = 76.03 +/- 1.70* %; *: P < 0.05), potassium and chloride tubular transport. Neither whole venom nor purified BPL induced direct vasoactive effects in perfused arteriolar mesenteric bed, and BPL did not potentiate bradykinin contraction in the ileum. We postulate that both B. pirajai and BPL promoted the same renal effects probably caused by the release of inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Havt
- Departament of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Coronel Nunes de Melo1127, CEP 60430-270 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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34
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Bhunia A, Jayalakshmi V, Benie AJ, Schuster O, Kelm S, Rama Krishna N, Peters T. Saturation transfer difference NMR and computational modeling of a sialoadhesin-sialyl lactose complex. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:259-67. [PMID: 14698884 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2003.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The siglecs are a family of I-type lectins binding to sialic acids on the cell surface. Sialoadhesin (siglec-1) is expressed at much higher levels in inflammatory macrophages and specifically binds to alpha-2,3-sialylated N-acetyl lactosamine residues of glycan chains. The terminal disaccharide alpha-D-Neu5Ac-(2-->3)-beta-D-Gal is thought to be the main epitope recognized by sialoadhesin. To understand the basis of this biological recognition reaction we combined NMR experiments with a molecular modeling study. We employed saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR experiments to characterize the binding epitope of alpha-2,3-sialylated lactose, alpha-D-Neu5Ac-(2-->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1-->4)-D-Glc 1 to sialoadhesin at atomic resolution. The experimental results were compared to a computational docking model and to X-ray data of a complex of sialyl lactose and sialoadhesin. The data reveal that sialoadhesin mainly recognizes the N-acetyl neuraminic acid and a small part of the galactose moiety of 1. The crystal structure of a complex of sialoadhesin with sialyl lactose 1 was used as a basis for a modeling study using the FlexiDock algorithm. The model generated was very similar to the original crystal structure. Therefore, the X-ray data were used to predict theoretical STD values utilizing the CORCEMA-STD protocol. The good agreement between experimental and theoretical STD values indicates that a combined modeling/STD NMR approach yields a reliable structural model for the complex of sialoadhesin with alpha-D-Neu5Ac-(2-->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1-->4)-D-Glc 1 in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Bhunia
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
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35
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Savan R, Endo M, Sakai M. Characterization of a new C-type lectin from common carp Cyprinus carpio. Mol Immunol 2004; 41:891-9. [PMID: 15261461 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2004.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A new C-type lectin with putative mannose specificity was identified from the expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis of cDNA library from common carp head kidney (HK), stimulated with concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during a routine EST analysis. The full sequence of 627 bp was identified by 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The gene is composed of 146 amino acid residues, including an 18-residue signal peptide for secretion and a single carbohydrate-recognition domain of approximately 118 residues typical of C-type lectins. Based on the predicted structure, this is a calcium dependent C-type lectin with putative mannose specificity suggested by the presence of an EPN motif. By hemagglutination assay, the mannose specificity of the Ca-CTL was determined. Reverse transcription (RT) PCR analysis demonstrated the expression of Ca-CTL mRNA in the hematopoietic organs and also the level of expression increased with LPS induction. Localization studies by in situ hybridization showed the presence of transcripts in the organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Savan
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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36
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Geijtenbeek TBH, van Vliet SJ, Engering A, 't Hart BA, van Kooyk Y. Self- and nonself-recognition by C-type lectins on dendritic cells. Annu Rev Immunol 2004; 22:33-54. [PMID: 15032573 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are highly efficient antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that collect antigen in body tissues and transport them to draining lymph nodes. Antigenic peptides are loaded onto major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules for presentation to naive T cells, resulting in the induction of cellular and humoral immune responses. DCs take up antigen through phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and endocytosis via different groups of receptor families, such as Fc receptors for antigen-antibody complexes, C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) for glycoproteins, and pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), for microbial antigens. Uptake of antigen by CLRs leads to presentation of antigens on MHC class I and II molecules. DCs are well equipped to distinguish between self- and nonself-antigens by the variable expression of cell-surface receptors such as CLRs and TLRs. In the steady state, DCs are not immunologically quiescent but use their antigen-handling capacities to maintain peripheral tolerance. DCs are continuously sampling and presenting self- and harmless environmental proteins to silence immune activation. Uptake of self-components in the intestine and airways are good examples of sites where continuous presentation of self- and foreign antigens occurs without immune activation. In contrast, efficient antigen-specific immune activation occurs upon encounter of DCs with nonself-pathogens. Recognition of pathogens by DCs triggers specific receptors such as TLRs that result in DC maturation and subsequently immune activation. Here we discuss the concept that cross talk between TLRs and CLRs, differentially expressed by subsets of DCs, accounts for the different pathways to peripheral tolerance, such as deletion and suppression, and immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teunis B H Geijtenbeek
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands
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37
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Vasseur S, Folch-Puy E, Hlouschek V, Garcia S, Fiedler F, Lerch MM, Dagorn JC, Closa D, Iovanna JL. p8 improves pancreatic response to acute pancreatitis by enhancing the expression of the anti-inflammatory protein pancreatitis-associated protein I. J Biol Chem 2003; 279:7199-207. [PMID: 14660681 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m309152200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
p8 is a transcription cofactor whose expression is strongly and rapidly activated in pancreatic acinar cells during the acute phase of pancreatitis. A p8-deficient mouse strain was generated as a tool to investigate its function. Upon induction of acute pancreatitis, myeloperoxidase activity in pancreas and serum concentrations of amylase and lipase were much higher and pancreatic lesions more severe in p8-deficient mice than in wild-type, indicating that p8 expression decreased pancreatic sensitivity to pancreatitis induction. The protective mechanism might involve the pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP I), whose strong induction during pancreatitis is p8-dependent, because administration of anti-PAP I antibodies to rats increased pancreatic inflammation during pancreatitis. In addition, 100 ng/ml PAP I in the culture medium of macrophages prevented their activation by tumor necrosis factor alpha, strongly suggesting that PAP I was an anti-inflammatory factor. Finally, PAP I was able to inhibit NFkappaB activation by tumor necrosis factor alpha, in macrophages and in the AR42J pancreatic acinar cell line. In conclusion, p8 improves pancreatic resistance to inducers of acute pancreatitis by a mechanism implicating the expression of the anti-inflammatory protein PAP I.
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MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Amylases/blood
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/chemistry
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors
- Biomarkers, Tumor/biosynthesis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/chemistry
- Blotting, Western
- Ceruletide/pharmacology
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Female
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type/biosynthesis
- Lectins, C-Type/chemistry
- Lipase/blood
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins
- Pancreas/metabolism
- Pancreatic Elastase/metabolism
- Pancreatitis/metabolism
- Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins
- Peroxidase/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Transport
- Proteins
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Trypsin/pharmacology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Vasseur
- Centre de Recherche INSERM, EMI 0116, 163 Avenue de Luminy, BP172, 13009 Marseille, France
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38
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Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial in the defence against pathogens. Invading pathogens are recognized by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and receptors such as C-type lectins expressed on the surface of DCs. However, it is becoming evident that some pathogens, including viruses, such as HIV-1, and non-viral pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, subvert DC functions to escape immune surveillance by targeting the C-type lectin DC-SIGN (DC-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-grabbing nonintegrin). Notably, these pathogens misuse DC-SIGN by distinct mechanisms that either circumvent antigen processing or alter TLR-mediated signalling, skewing T-cell responses. This implies that adaptation of pathogens to target DC-SIGN might support pathogen survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology Vrije Universiteit Medical Center Amsterdam, v.d. Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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39
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Geijtenbeek TBH, van Kooyk Y. DC-SIGN: a novel HIV receptor on DCs that mediates HIV-1 transmission. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2003; 276:31-54. [PMID: 12797442 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-06508-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The dendritic cell (DC)-specific HIV-1 receptor DC-SIGN plays a key-role in the dissemination of HIV-1 by DCs. DC-SIGN captures HIV-1 at sites of entry, enabling its transport to lymphoid tissues, where DC-SIGN efficiently transmits low amounts of HIV-1 to T cells. The expression pattern of DC-SIGN in mucosal tissue, lymph nodes, placenta and blood suggests a function for DC-SIGN in both horizontal and vertical transmission of HIV-1. Moreover, the efficiency of DC-SIGN+ blood DC to transmit HIV-1 to T cells supports a role in HIV-1 transmission via blood. To date, DC-SIGN represents a novel class of HIV-1 receptor, because it does not allow viral infection but binds HIV-1 and enhances its infection of T cells in trans. Its unique function is further underscored by its restricted expression on DCs. Although DC-SIGN is a C-type lectin with an affinity for carbohydrates exemplified by its interaction with its immunological ligand ICAM-3, recent evidence demonstrates that glycosylation of gp120 is not necessary for its interaction with DC-SIGN. Moreover, mutational analysis demonstrates that the HIV-1 gp120 binding site in DC-SIGN is different from that of ICAM-3. Besides its role in DC-mediated adhesion processes, DC-SIGN also functions as an antigen receptor that captures and internalises antigens for presentation by DC. Strikingly, HIV-1 circumvents processing after binding DC-SIGN and remains infectious for several days after capture. A better understanding of the action of this novel HIV receptor in initial viral infection and subsequent transmission will provide a basis for the design of drugs that inhibit or alter interactions of DC-SIGN with gp120, interfering with HIV-1 dissemination and that may have a therapeutic value in both immunological diseases and/or HIV-1 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B H Geijtenbeek
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center Amsterdam, van de Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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40
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Geijtenbeek TBH, van Kooyk Y. Pathogens target DC-SIGN to influence their fate DC-SIGN functions as a pathogen receptor with broad specificity. APMIS 2003; 111:698-714. [PMID: 12974773 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0463.2003.11107803.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are vital in the defense against pathogens. To sense pathogens DC express pathogen recognition receptors such as toll-like receptors (TLR) and C-type lectins that recognize different fragments of pathogens, and subsequently activate or present pathogen fragments to T cells. It is now becoming evident that some pathogens subvert DC functions to escape immune surveillance. HIV-1 targets the DC-specific C-type lectin DC-SIGN to hijack DC for viral dissemination. HIV-1 binding to DC-SIGN protects HIV-1 from antigen processing and facilitates its transport to lymphoid tissues, where DC-SIGN promotes HIV-1 infection of T cells. Recent studies demonstrate that DC-SIGN is a more universal pathogen receptor that also recognizes Ebola, cytomegalovirus and mycobacteria. Mycobacterium tuberculosis targets DC-SIGN by a mechanism that is distinct from that of HIV-1, leading to inhibition of the immunostimulatory function of DC and pathogen survival. Thus, a better understanding of DC-SIGN-pathogen interactions and their effects on DC function is necessary to combat infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teunis B H Geijtenbeek
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Roseman
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8118, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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42
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van Kooyk Y, Geijtenbeek TBH. A novel adhesion pathway that regulates dendritic cell trafficking and T cell interactions. Immunol Rev 2002; 186:47-56. [PMID: 12234361 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-065x.2002.18605.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are present in essentially every tissue, where they operate at the interface of innate and acquired immunity by recognizing pathogens and presenting pathogen-derived peptides to T cells. Cell-cell interactions between DC, T cells and endothelial cells are crucial to all immunological processes. Recently, several C-type lectin receptors have been characterized that are abundantly expressed on the surface of DC. It is now becoming clear that these lectin receptors serve not only as antigen-receptors recognizing pathogens, but they may also function as adhesion receptors and/or signaling molecules. In particular the DC specific C-type lectin DC-SIGN (CD209) regulates adhesion processes, such as DC trafficking by interacting with ICAM-2 and T cell synapse formation, upon binding of ICAM-3. C-type lectins such as DC-SIGN contain a lectin domain that recognizes in a Ca2+-dependent manner carbohydrates such as mannose-containing structures presented on the glycoproteins ICAM-2 and ICAM-3. Although the integrin LFA-1 is a counter-receptor for both ICAM-2 and ICAM-3, on DC, DC-SIGN is the high affinity adhesion receptor for ICAM-2/-3. Here we discuss how the heterogeneity of mannose-residues exposed on cellular proteins and pathogens regulates specific binding of a repertoire of DC-expressed C-type lectins that contribute to the diversity of immune responses created by DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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43
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Geijtenbeek TBH, Engering A, van Kooyk Y. DC‐SIGN, a C‐type lectin on dendritic cells that unveils many aspects of dendritic cell biology. J Leukoc Biol 2002. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.71.6.921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Teunis B. H. Geijtenbeek
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke Engering
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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44
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de Carvalho DD, Marangoni S, Novello JC. Primary structure characterization of Bothrops jararacussu snake venom lectin. JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 2002; 21:43-50. [PMID: 11902666 DOI: 10.1023/a:1014131115951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The complete amino acid sequence of the lectin from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom (BJcuL) is reported. The sequence was determined by Edman degradation and amino acid analysis of the S-carboxymethylated BJcuL derivative (RC-BJcuL) and from its peptides originated from enzymatic digestion. The sequence of amino acid residues showed that this lectin displays the invariant amino acid residues characterized in C-type lectins. Amino acids analysis revealed a high content of acidic amino acids and leucine. These findings suggest that BJcuL, like other snake venom lectins, possesses structural similarities to the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of calcium-dependent animal lectins belonging to the C-type beta-galactoside binding lectin family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela D de Carvalho
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Bioquímica, LAQUIP, Campinas-SP, Brazil
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45
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Mummidi S, Catano G, Lam L, Hoefle A, Telles V, Begum K, Jimenez F, Ahuja SS, Ahuja SK. Extensive repertoire of membrane-bound and soluble dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin 1 (DC-SIGN1) and DC-SIGN2 isoforms. Inter-individual variation in expression of DC-SIGN transcripts. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:33196-212. [PMID: 11337487 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m009807200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression in dendritic cells (DCs) of DC-SIGN, a type II membrane protein with a C-type lectin ectodomain, is thought to play an important role in establishing the initial contact between DCs and resting T cells. DC-SIGN is also a unique type of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) attachment factor and promotes efficient infection in trans of cells that express CD4 and chemokine receptors. We have identified another gene, designated here as DC-SIGN2, that exhibits high sequence homology with DC-SIGN. Here we demonstrate that alternative splicing of DC-SIGN1 (original version) and DC-SIGN2 pre-mRNA generates a large repertoire of DC-SIGN-like transcripts that are predicted to encode membrane-associated and soluble isoforms. The range of DC-SIGN1 mRNA expression was significantly broader than previously reported and included THP-1 monocytic cells, placenta, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and there was cell maturation/activation-induced differences in mRNA expression levels. Immunostaining of term placenta with a DC-SIGN1-specific antiserum showed that DC-SIGN1 is expressed on endothelial cells and CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5)-positive macrophage-like cells in the villi. DC-SIGN2 mRNA expression was high in the placenta and not detectable in PBMCs. In DCs, the expression of DC-SIGN2 transcripts was significantly lower than that of DC-SIGN1. Notably, there was significant inter-individual heterogeneity in the repertoire of DC-SIGN1 and DC-SIGN2 transcripts expressed. The genes for DC-SIGN1, DC-SIGN2, and CD23, another Type II lectin, colocalize to an approximately 85 kilobase pair region on chromosome 19p13.3, forming a cluster of related genes that undergo highly complex alternative splicing events. The molecular diversity of DC-SIGN-1 and -2 is reminiscent of that observed for certain other adhesive cell surface proteins involved in cell-cell connectivity. The generation of this large collection of polymorphic cell surface and soluble variants that exhibit inter-individual variation in expression levels has important implications for the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection, as well as for the molecular code required to establish complex interactions between antigen-presenting cells and T cells, i.e. the immunological synapse.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antigens, CD/blood
- Antigens, CD34/blood
- Antigens, Differentiation
- Base Sequence
- Binding Sites
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Line
- Dendritic Cells/cytology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/immunology
- Exons
- Female
- Genetic Variation
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/immunology
- Humans
- Lectins/chemistry
- Lectins/genetics
- Lectins/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type
- Macrophages/cytology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Placenta/cytology
- Placenta/immunology
- Pregnancy
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Protein Isoforms/chemistry
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mummidi
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Division, San Antonio, Texas 78229-4404, USA
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46
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Chay CH, Pienta KJ. Evidence for lectin signaling to the nuclear matrix: cellular interpretation of the glycocode. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY. SUPPLEMENT 2001; Suppl 35:123-9. [PMID: 11389541 DOI: 10.1002/1097-4644(2000)79:35+<123::aid-jcb1135>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C H Chay
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology/Oncology, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0946, USA.
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47
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Geijtenbeek TB, van Vliet SJ, van Duijnhoven GC, Figdor CG, van Kooyk Y. DC-SIGN, a dentritic cell-specific HIV-1 receptor present in placenta that infects T cells in trans-a review. Placenta 2001; 22 Suppl A:S19-23. [PMID: 11312623 DOI: 10.1053/plac.2001.0674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) capture micro-organisms that enter peripheral mucosal tissues and then migrate to secondary lymphoid organs, where they present in antigenic form to resting T cells and thus initiate adaptive immune responses. Here we describe the properties of a DC-specific C-type lectin, DC-SIGN, that is highly expressed on DC present in mucosal tissues and binds to the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120. DC-SIGN does not function as a receptor for viral entry into DC, but instead promotes efficient infection in trans of cells that express CD4 and chemokine receptors. The interaction of DC-SIGN with HIV gp120 may be an important target for therapeutic intervention and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Geijtenbeek
- Department of Tumor Immunology, University Medical Center St Radboud, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, Nijmegen, 6525 EX, The Netherlands
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Zeng R, Xu Q, Shao XX, Wang KY, Xia QC. Determination of the disulfide bond pattern of a novel C-type lectin from snake venom by mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2001; 15:2213-2220. [PMID: 11746888 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The disulfide bond pattern of Trimeresurus stejnegeri lectin (TSL), a new member of the C-type lectin family, was determined by mass spectrometry. Four intrachain disulfide bonds of TSL, Cys(3)-Cys(14), Cys(31)-Cys(131), Cys(38)-Cys(133) and Cys(106)-Cys(123), and two interchain linkages, Cys(2)-Cys(2) and Cys(86)-Cys(86), were determined. Three strategies were used in this work. One intrachain (Cys(106)-Cys(123)) and one interchain (Cys(86)-Cys(86)) disulfide linkages were detected by standard MS methods. The disulfide bonds Cys(2)-Cys(2) and Cys(3)-Cys(14) were analyzed using a modified partial reduction procedure and MS/MS. The last two disulfide bonds were characterized by a MS/MS/MS technique. The strategies developed in this work could be applied more generally to detection of disulfide bond patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zeng
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
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Geijtenbeek TB, Krooshoop DJ, Bleijs DA, van Vliet SJ, van Duijnhoven GC, Grabovsky V, Alon R, Figdor CG, van Kooyk Y. DC-SIGN-ICAM-2 interaction mediates dendritic cell trafficking. Nat Immunol 2000; 1:353-7. [PMID: 11017109 DOI: 10.1038/79815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are recruited from blood into tissues to patrol for foreign antigens. After antigen uptake and processing, DCs migrate to the secondary lymphoid organs to initiate immune responses. We now show that DC-SIGN, a DC-specific C-type lectin, supports tethering and rolling of DC-SIGN-positive cells on the vascular ligand ICAM-2 under shear flow, a prerequisite for emigration from blood. The DC-SIGN-ICAM-2 interaction regulates chemokine-induced transmigration of DCs across both resting and activated endothelium. Thus, DC-SIGN is central to the unusual trafficking capacity of DCs, further supported by the expression of DC-SIGN on precursors in blood and on immature and mature DCs in both peripheral and lymphoid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Geijtenbeek
- Department of Tumor Immunology, University Medical Center St Radboud, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, Nijmegen 6525 EX, The Netherlands
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Bouckaert J, Dewallef Y, Poortmans F, Wyns L, Loris R. The structural features of concanavalin A governing non-proline peptide isomerization. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:19778-87. [PMID: 10748006 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m001251200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The reversible binding of manganese and calcium to concanavalin A determines the carbohydrate binding of the lectin by inducing large conformational changes. These changes are governed by the isomerization of a non-proline peptide bond, Ala-207-Asp-208, positioned in a beta-strand in between the calcium binding site S2 and the carbohydrate specificity-determining loop. The replacement of calcium by manganese allowed us to investigate the structures of the carbohydrate binding, locked state and the inactive, unlocked state of concanavalin A, both with and without metal ions bound. Crystals of unlocked metal-free concanavalin A convert to the locked form with the binding of two Mn(2+) ions. Removal of these ions from the crystals traps metal-free concanavalin A in its locked state, a minority species in solution. The ligation of a metal ion in S2 to unlocked concanavalin A causes bending of the beta-strand foregoing the S2 ligand residues Asp-10 and Tyr-12. This bending disrupts conventional beta-sheet hydrogen bonding and forces the Thr-11 side chain against the Ala-207-Asp-208 peptide bond. The steric strain exerted by Thr-11 is presumed to drive the trans-to-cis isomerization. Upon isomerization, Asp-208 flips into its carbohydrate binding position, and the conformation of the carbohydrate specificity determining loop changes dramatically.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bouckaert
- Laboratorium voor Ultrastructuur, Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Paardenstraat 65, B-1640 Sint-Genesius-Rode, Belgium.
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