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Shabir U, Dar JS, Bhat AH, Ganai BA, Mahmoud MH, Batiha GES. Uncovering the antimicrobial activity of G-type lysozyme 2 derived from Cyprinus carpio mucus against bacterial and fungal pathogens. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 153:105135. [PMID: 38185264 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the antimicrobic potential of mucus samples collected from Cyprinus carpio and identify the specific antimicrobial peptides responsible for its activity. The crude extract was tested against various bacterial and fungal pathogens, and its protein content and profile were analyzed. Purification steps, including gel filtration chromatography, were employed to isolate the most active fraction (peak IV), which was further identified via liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy. The results revealed varying degrees of antimicrobial activity of the crude extract against different bacterial and fungal strains, with Leclercia adecarboxylata, Candida glabrata, and Candida parapsilosis showing the highest susceptibility. SDS-PAGE analysis demonstrated the existence of multiple low molecular weight protein bands in the crude extract, while fraction IV obtained from gel filtration chromatography exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activity. Peak IV displayed a range of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values against the tested pathogens, spanning from 0.038 to 4.960 mg/mL. Further investigation identified the purified peptide derived from peak IV as G-type lysozyme 2, characterized by a molecular weight of 21 kDa. These findings shed light on the existence of a highly effective antimicrobial peptide, G-type lysozyme 2, within the mucus of Cyprinus carpio. This peptide demonstrates notable activity against diverse bacterial and fungal pathogens. The insights from this study enhance our understanding of the fish's antimicrobial defense mechanisms and hold promise for developing novel antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Shabir
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Jehangir Shafi Dar
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Aashaq Hussain Bhat
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India; Experimental Biology Research Group, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argland, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Bashir Ahmad Ganai
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mohamed H Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Albeheira, Egypt
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Tuttle JT, Bruce TJ, Butts IAE, Roy LA, Abdelrahman HA, Beck BH, Kelly AM. Investigating the Ability of Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium covae to Persist within Commercial Catfish Pond Sediments under Laboratory Conditions. Pathogens 2023; 12:871. [PMID: 37513718 PMCID: PMC10385248 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Two prevalent bacterial diseases in catfish aquaculture are enteric septicemia of catfish and columnaris disease caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium covae, respectively. Chronic and recurring outbreaks of these bacterial pathogens result in significant economic losses for producers annually. Determining if these pathogens can persist within sediments of commercial ponds is paramount. Experimental persistence trials (PT) were conducted to evaluate the persistence of E. ictaluri and F. covae in pond sediments. Twelve test chambers containing 120 g of sterilized sediment from four commercial catfish ponds were inoculated with either E. ictaluri (S97-773) or F. covae (ALG-00-530) and filled with 8 L of disinfected water. At 1, 2, 4-, 6-, 8-, and 15-days post-inoculation, 1 g of sediment was removed, and colony-forming units (CFU) were enumerated on selective media using 6 × 6 drop plate methods. E. ictaluri population peaked on Day 3 at 6.4 ± 0.5 log10 CFU g-1. Correlation analysis revealed no correlation between the sediment physicochemical parameters and E. ictaluri log10 CFU g-1. However, no viable F. covae colonies were recovered after two PT attempts. Future studies to improve understanding of E. ictaluri pathogenesis and persistence, and potential F. covae persistence in pond bottom sediments are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Tuttle
- Alabama Fish Farming Center, Greensboro, AL 36744, USA
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Timothy J Bruce
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ian A E Butts
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Luke A Roy
- Alabama Fish Farming Center, Greensboro, AL 36744, USA
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Hisham A Abdelrahman
- Alabama Fish Farming Center, Greensboro, AL 36744, USA
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Benjamin H Beck
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Auburn, AL 36832, USA
| | - Anita M Kelly
- Alabama Fish Farming Center, Greensboro, AL 36744, USA
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Gill SP, Learman DR, Annis ML, Woolnough DA. Freshwater mussels and host fish gut microbe community composition shifts after agricultural contaminant exposure. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:3645-3658. [PMID: 36056619 PMCID: PMC9825887 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We examined the effects of a mixture of contaminants found in agricultural watersheds on the gut microbiota and physiology of both the freshwater mussel Lampsilis cardium, and L. cardium host fish Micropterus salmoides. METHODS AND RESULTS Lampsilis cardium and M. salmoides were exposed to three concentrations of agricultural contaminants for 60 days (observing behaviour daily) before being sampled for gut microbiota analyses. DNA was extracted from the gut samples, amplified via PCR, and sequenced using the Illumina Mi-Seq platform. Only L. cardium guts had differing microbiota across treatments, with an increase in potentially pathogenic Aeromonas. We also provide novel evidence of a core microbiota within L. cardium and M. salmoides. In terms of physiology, female L. cardium exhibited a decrease in movement and marsupial gill display in contaminant exposures. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to contaminants from agricultural watersheds may affect population recruitment within freshwater mussel communities over time. Specifically, increased pathogenic micro-organisms and altered behaviour can reduce the likelihood of glochidia dispersal. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study supports emerging research that contaminants found in agricultural watersheds may be a factor in freshwater mussel population declines. It also provides novel evidence that unionids have a core gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie P. Gill
- Biology Department and Institute for Great Lakes ResearchCentral Michigan UniversityMount PleasantMichiganUSA
| | - Deric R. Learman
- Biology Department and Institute for Great Lakes ResearchCentral Michigan UniversityMount PleasantMichiganUSA
| | - Mandy L. Annis
- US Fish & Wildlife Service, Michigan Ecological Services Field OfficeEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Daelyn A. Woolnough
- Biology Department and Institute for Great Lakes ResearchCentral Michigan UniversityMount PleasantMichiganUSA
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Sukkarun P, Kitiyodom S, Yostawornkul J, Chaiin P, Yata T, Rodkhum C, Boonrungsiman S, Pirarat N. Chitosan-polymer based nanovaccine as promising immersion vaccine against Aeromonas veronii challenge in red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 129:30-35. [PMID: 35988712 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.), one of the important freshwater fish species in fish farming in Thailand, has for long been suffering from a serious bacterial disease named epizootic ulcerative syndrome and hemorrhagic septicemia. The disease is mainly caused by Aeromonas veronii. Vaccine is proposed to be a major impact tool for sustainable control and prevention strategies. Vaccination by immersion has many benefits over injection. However, the conventional immersion method suffers from a low potency due to the inefficient uptake of antigens across mucosal tissue. Here, we developed a chitosan-polymer based nanovaccine together with an efficient delivery vehicle to enhance the immunogenicity of immersion vaccination, increasing bioavailability and inducing local immune responses during transit to mucosal inductive immune sites. The physiochemical properties of nanovaccine, which was modified on surface particle by using a mucoadhesive polymer, were assessed for size, zeta potential, and particle distribution. Our study demonstrated by SEM image and microscopic fluorescence image that nanovaccine greatly increased the binding and penetrating ability into gills when compared with formalin killed vaccine. The nano-sized particles were well dispersed in water and trapped in core nanoparticle as confirmed by TEM image. The efficacy of vaccine was performed by immersion challenge with virulent A.veronii after 30 days post vaccination in tilapia. The result revealed a high level of mortality in the control, empty-polymeric nanovaccine and formalin killed bacterin vaccine groups. A high relative percentage survival (RPS) of vaccinated fish was noted with chitosan-polymer based nanovaccine. Our studies indicated that this chitosan-polymer based nanovaccine derived from cell fragments and supernatant was the improved version of the conventional formalin killed vaccine. The chitosan polymer based particle could increase the efficacy of nanovaccine toward the target mucosal membrane and enhance protection against A. veronii infection in red tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimwarang Sukkarun
- Wildlife Exotic Aquatic Animal Pathology-Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sirikorn Kitiyodom
- Wildlife Exotic Aquatic Animal Pathology-Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jakarwan Yostawornkul
- Wildlife Exotic Aquatic Animal Pathology-Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Poowadon Chaiin
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Teerapong Yata
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Channarong Rodkhum
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Suwimon Boonrungsiman
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Nopadon Pirarat
- Wildlife Exotic Aquatic Animal Pathology-Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Abass NY, Simora RMC, Wang J, Li S, Xing D, Coogan M, Johnson A, Creamer D, Wang X, Dunham RA. Response of cecropin transgenesis to challenge with Edwardsiella ictaluri in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:311-317. [PMID: 35636698 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Constructs bearing the cecropin B gene from the moth Hyalophora cecropia, driven by the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter, or the common carp beta-actin (β-actin) promoter were transferred to channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus via electroporation. One F3 channel catfish family transgenic for cecropin transgene driven by the CMV promoter, and one F1 channel catfish family transgenic for cecropin transgene driven by the common carp β-actin promoter were produced. F3 and F1 individuals exhibited enhanced disease resistance when challenged in tanks with Edwardsiella ictaluri, the causative agent of enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC). Inheritance of the transgene by the F1 and F3 generation was 15% and 60%, respectively. Growth rates of the cecropin transgenic and non-transgenic full siblings (controls) channel catfish were not different (P > 0.05). All transgenic fish showed significant resistance to infection by ESC at day 3 and day 4 post exposure (P = 0.005). No correlation was detected between body weight and time to death for all genetic groups (P = 0.34). Results of our study confirmed that genetic enhancement of E. ictaluri resistance can be achieved by cecropin transgenesis in channel catfish. In addition to survival rate, improving survival time is essential because the extension of survival time gives a better chance to apply treatments to stop the bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen Y Abass
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA; Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture Saba-Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria City, P.O. Box 21531, Egypt.
| | - Rhoda Mae C Simora
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA; College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao, Iloilo, 5023, Philippines
| | - Jinhai Wang
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Shangjia Li
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - De Xing
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Michael Coogan
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Andrew Johnson
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - David Creamer
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA; HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Rex A Dunham
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
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6
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Wang B, Hu J, Feng J, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Jiang B, Li W, Liu C, Huang Y, Su Y. Acute septicemia and immune response of spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) to Aeromonas veronii infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 124:47-55. [PMID: 35367379 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A previous study confirmed that spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus), an economically important cultured species in East Asia, is a new host of Aeromonas veronii, which can cause acute death in these fish, but there is little in-depth understanding of this disease. In the present study, the virulence of 10 isolates of A. veronii derived from spotted sea bass was determined. It was found that the 18BJ181 isolate was a virulent strain and led to the fastest death of spotted sea bass. Death was determined to be within in 2-12 h, and resulted in abdominal effusion and varying degrees of hemorrhage in internal organs. Bacterial colonization analysis showed that the bacterial load in the spleen was highest, and was up to 3.1 × 105 cfu g-1. In addition, the bacteria proliferated massively in the blood and reached 2.4 × 107 cfu mL-1 at 12 h after 18BJ181 strain infection, which was also a typical feature of acute septicemia. Histopathology of the spleen revealed edema in interstitial tissue, degeneration, and necrosis in lymphoid tissue, and hemorrhage in the capillary network. Transcriptome analysis of the spleen showed that the expression level of HSP70, CCL19, and IL-1β was extremely significantly up-regulated at 8 h after infection (P < 0.01), and the expression of these genes was normal at 24 h. These results revealed that A. veronii infection could rapidly activate the chemokine signal pathway and stimulate the acute inflammatory response in the host. The bacterial colonization, pathological features, and gene expression patterns in immune pathways will help us to better understand acute septicemia in spotted sea bass caused by A. veronii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baotun Wang
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Development and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510300, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jianmei Hu
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Development and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510300, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Development and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Yaqiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Development and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Yanxin Sun
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Biao Jiang
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Wei Li
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Yanhua Huang
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
| | - Youlu Su
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
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Rahman MM, Rahman MA, Hossain MT, Siddique MP, Haque ME, Khasruzzaman A, Islam MA. Efficacy of bi-valent whole cell inactivated bacterial vaccine against Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) in cultured catfishes (Heteropneustes fossilis, Clarias batrachus and pangasius pangasius) in Bangladesh. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3881-3889. [PMID: 35844412 PMCID: PMC9280240 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) is an important disease of cultured catfishes (Heteropneustes fossilis, Clarias batrachus and Pangasius pangasius), caused by different species of Aeromonas bacteria which have been documented to be higher death rates (≤70%) in Bangladesh since 2016. Present study was conducted to develop bi-valent vaccine using A. hydrophila and A. veronii, and to validate their efficacy via intra-muscular (IM) and oral-routes of immunization in selected species of fishes. Brood fishes of the three species were immunized with three doses of inactivated vaccine (107 CFU /2.3 mg/ml). Hematological parameters of brood fishes and antibody levels (IgM) of broods, their larvae and eggs were determined by ELISA. Additionally, Relative Percent Survivability (RPS) and the IgM levels of the larvae after challenge with virulent A. hydrophila and A. veronii were also evaluated. Findings of this study showed that the lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes counts and antibody (IgM) titre of brood fishes, larvae and eggs from the vaccinated fishes were found significantly higher (p< 0.05) compared to the un-vaccinated control groups. Alternatively, antibody levels (IgM) in the larvae of vaccinated group of brood fishes fed with antigen coated feed was exhibited to be remarkably higher (p< 0.05) than the antigen non-fed group. The RPS of larvae of Shing (91.24 ± 2.00%), Magur (88.09 ± 2.88%) and Pangas (93.17 ± 1.52%) was found to be higher in the larvae at 20-day age of vaccinated group compared to non-vaccinated brood fishes group. Findings of this study indicated that the active immunization of brood fishes followed by oral immunization of their larvae feeding with antigen coated feed showed synergistic effect in protecting cultured Shing, Magur and Pangas fishes from frequent attack with Aeromonas spp at any age of their lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohummad Muklesur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ashikur Rahman
- Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI), Freshwater Station, Mymensingh 2201, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Tofazzal Hossain
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mahbubul Pratik Siddique
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Enamul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - A.K.M. Khasruzzaman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Alimul Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
- Corresponding author.
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8
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Mekasha S, Linke D. Secretion Systems in Gram-Negative Bacterial Fish Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:782673. [PMID: 34975803 PMCID: PMC8714846 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.782673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial fish pathogens are one of the key challenges in the aquaculture industry, one of the fast-growing industries worldwide. These pathogens rely on arsenal of virulence factors such as toxins, adhesins, effectors and enzymes to promote colonization and infection. Translocation of virulence factors across the membrane to either the extracellular environment or directly into the host cells is performed by single or multiple dedicated secretion systems. These secretion systems are often key to the infection process. They can range from simple single-protein systems to complex injection needles made from dozens of subunits. Here, we review the different types of secretion systems in Gram-negative bacterial fish pathogens and describe their putative roles in pathogenicity. We find that the available information is fragmented and often descriptive, and hope that our overview will help researchers to more systematically learn from the similarities and differences between the virulence factors and secretion systems of the fish-pathogenic species described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophanit Mekasha
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dirk Linke
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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9
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Qiao Y, Yan W, He J, Liu X, Zhang Q, Wang X. Identification, evolution and expression analyses of mapk gene family in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) provide insight into its divergent functions on biotic and abiotic stresses response. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 241:106005. [PMID: 34731643 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.106005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) are a series of serine/threonine protein kinases showing evolutionary conservation, which can be activated by many stimulus signals and then transfer them from cell membrane to nucleus. MAPKs regulate a variety of biological processes, such as apoptosis, hormone signaling and immune response. In this study, 14 putative mapk genes in Japanese flounder were identified, and their basic physical and chemical properties were characterized. Phylogenetic analysis showed that mapk genes were divided into three main subfamilies, including ERK, JNK and the p38 MAPK. Selection pressure analysis revealed they were evolutionarily-constrained and undergone strong purifying selection. Gene structure and conserved protein motif comparison suggested high levels of conservation in members of mapk gene family. The expression patterns were further investigated in each embryonic and larval development stages and different tissues. In addition, RNA-seq analyses after bacteria and temperature stresses suggested mapk genes had different expression patterns. Three mapk genes showed significant differences in response to E. tarda challenge and five were induced significantly after temperature stress, indicating their potential functions. This systematic analysis provided valuable information for further understanding of the regulation mechanism of mapk gene family under different stresses in Japanese flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Weijie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jiayi He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiumei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xubo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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10
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Pham TH, Rao S, Cheng TC, Wang PC, Chen SC. The moonlighting protein fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase as a potential vaccine candidate against Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida in Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 124:104187. [PMID: 34186149 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective, safe, and environmentally friendly method to prevent the outbreak of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp), a dangerous pathogen in aquaculture worldwide. Here, recombinant proteins of catalase, superoxide dismutase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (Fba), and a mixture of all four proteins were investigated for their immunoprotective effects against photobacteriosis in Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer). After immunization, experimental fish showed an increase in specific antibody levels and lysozyme activities, especially the Fba group. After a lethal challenge with Phdp strain AOD105021, the Fba group achieved the highest relative percentage of survival rate (70.21%) and a significantly lower bacterial load in the spleens than other groups 3 days after infection. The results suggest that Fba is a good candidate for subunit vaccine development against photobacteriosis in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Hieu Pham
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Shreesha Rao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Ta-Chih Cheng
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Research Centre for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chi Wang
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Research Centre for Fish Vaccine and Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Chu Chen
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Research Centre for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Research Centre for Fish Vaccine and Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
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11
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Appiah EK, Hashem S, Fatsi PSK, Tettey PA, Saito H, Omura M, Kawai K. Antibacterial activity of Mallotus japonicus (L.F.) Müller Argoviensis on growth of Aeromonas hydrophila, A. salmonicida, Edwardsiella tarda and Vibrio anguillarum. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:298-310. [PMID: 34192394 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study evaluated the antimicrobial activities of the medicinal plant Mallotus japonicus against the fish pathogenic bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas salmonicida, Edwardisella tarda and Vibrio anguillarum, and also describes the antimicrobial activities of the major and minor active compounds present within the plant extract. The synergistic effects by way of combination of these compounds were also evaluated and described. Chemical constituents of the plant extracts were analysed using the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and described. METHODS AND RESULTS The diethyl ether-extract of the plant elicited the strongest antibacterial activity against the challenged bacterial species, followed by ethanol- and methanol-extracts. The major active compound of the extracts, bergenin, demonstrated no antibacterial activity, but other compounds in the extracts did. CONCLUSION Mallotus japonicus could be used as a prophylaxis to treat bacterial disease infections of fishes and its diethyl ether-extract has the potential of an alternative to antibiotic treatment in aquaculture. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Mallotus japonicus diethyl ether-extract has the potential of an alternative to antibiotic treatment in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer Koranteng Appiah
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate school of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shaharior Hashem
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Patrick Senam Kofi Fatsi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate school of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Pamela Afi Tettey
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate school of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Saito
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate school of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mizuki Omura
- Alps Pharmacuticals Co. Ltd., Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kawai
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate school of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan
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12
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Probiotic Bacteria with High Alpha-Gal Content Protect Zebrafish against Mycobacteriosis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070635. [PMID: 34208966 PMCID: PMC8308674 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteriosis affects wild fish and aquaculture worldwide, and alternatives to antibiotics are needed for an effective and environmentally sound control of infectious diseases. Probiotics have shown beneficial effects on fish growth, nutrient metabolism, immune responses, disease prevention and control, and gut microbiota with higher water quality. However, the identification and characterization of the molecules and mechanisms associated with probiotics is a challenge that requires investigation. To address this challenge, herein we used the zebrafish model for the study of the efficacy and mechanisms of probiotic interventions against tuberculosis. First, bacteria from fish gut microbiota were identified with high content of the surface glycotope Galα1-3Galβ1-(3)4GlcNAc-R (α-Gal) that has been shown to induce protective immune responses. The results showed that probiotics of selected bacteria with high α-Gal content, namely Aeromonas veronii and Pseudomonas entomophila, were biosafe and effective for the control of Mycobacterium marinum. Protective mechanisms regulating immunity and metabolism activated in response to α-Gal and probiotics with high α-Gal content included modification of gut microbiota composition, B-cell maturation, anti-α-Gal antibodies-mediated control of mycobacteria, induced innate immune responses, beneficial effects on nutrient metabolism and reduced oxidative stress. These results support the potential of probiotics with high -Gal content for the control of fish mycobacteriosis and suggested the possibility of exploring the development of combined probiotic treatments alone and in combination with -Gal for the control of infectious diseases.
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13
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Mangus LM, França MS, Shivaprasad HL, Wolf JC. Research-Relevant Background Lesions and Conditions in Common Avian and Aquatic Species. ILAR J 2021; 62:169-202. [PMID: 33782706 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-mammalian vertebrates including birds, fish, and amphibians have a long history of contributing to ground-breaking scientific discoveries. Because these species offer several experimental advantages over higher vertebrates and share extensive anatomic and genetic homology with their mammalian counterparts, they remain popular animal models in a variety of fields such as developmental biology, physiology, toxicology, drug discovery, immunology, toxicology, and infectious disease. As with all animal models, familiarity with the anatomy, physiology, and spontaneous diseases of these species is necessary for ensuring animal welfare, as well as accurate interpretation and reporting of study findings. Working with avian and aquatic species can be especially challenging in this respect due to their rich diversity and array of unique adaptations. Here, we provide an overview of the research-relevant anatomic features, non-infectious conditions, and infectious diseases that impact research colonies of birds and aquatic animals, including fish and Xenopus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Mangus
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Monique S França
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - H L Shivaprasad
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Tulare, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Wolf
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Sterling, Virginia, USA
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14
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Kim KT, Lee SH, Lee KK, Han JE, Kwak D. Enhanced Virulence of Aeromonas hydrophila Is Induced by Stress and Serial Passaging in Mice. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020508. [PMID: 33669173 PMCID: PMC7919638 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Aeromonas hydrophila, which is an opportunistic zoonotic bacterium, has the ability to infect animals with injuries involving the condition of the aquatic environments. Factors including poor sanitation and water quality, stress, overcrowding, and rough handling can make animals more sensitive to infections and trigger outbreaks of A. hydrophila. A. hydrophila was previously isolated from an African black-footed penguin that died while in captivity at a zoo, following clinical signs of depression and anorexia, and in this study, we investigated the effect of stress and serial passaging in mice on A. hydrophila virulence. Serial passaging in mice enhanced the virulence of A. hydrophila, and A. hydrophila infection combined with administration of stress hormones or fasting increased mortality. Abstract Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from an African black-footed penguin (Spheniscus demersus) that died while in zoo captivity. At necropsy, the virulence of A. hydrophila appeared to be enhanced by stress, so was assessed in the presence of in vitro and in vivo stressors and serial passaging in mice. Virulence genes from the isolate were amplified by PCR. In vitro assays were conducted to test the hemolytic activity, cytotoxicity, and effect of stress hormones on A. hydrophila virulence. In vivo assays were conducted to test the stress effect on mortality of A. hydrophila-infected mice and virulence in mice. Two virulence genes coding for hemolysin (ahh1) and aerolysin (aerA) were detected, and the cytotoxic potential of the isolate was demonstrated in baby hamster kidney and Vero cells. Some or all mice inoculated with A. hydrophila and exposed to stress hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) or low temperature died, while mice inoculated with A. hydrophila and exposed to fasting or agitation stressors or no stressors survived. We concluded that stress can be fatal in mice experimentally infected with A. hydrophila and that serial passaging in mice dramatically enhances the virulence of A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoo-Tae Kim
- Animal Health Center of Zoo Land, Daejeon O-World Theme Park, Daejeon 35073, Korea;
| | - Seung-Hun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
| | - Kyoung-Ki Lee
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea;
| | - Jee Eun Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Dongmi Kwak
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-7794
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15
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Wang L, Cao Z, Liu Y, Xiang Y, Sun Y, Zhou Y, Wang S, Guo W. Establishment and characterization of a new cell line from the muscle of humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:1897-1907. [PMID: 32588157 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00841-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) is a commercially important species of the family Epinephelidae. With the development in aquaculture industry, C. altivelis breeding has gradually increased in volumetric production, leading to the occurrence of various diseases. In this study, we established a new cell line (CAM) derived from the muscle tissue of C. altivelis. Our results showed that the optimal growth temperature and working concentration of fetal bovine serum (FBS) of CAM cells were 28 °C and 15%, respectively. DNA sequencing and comparative analysis of 18S rRNA gene sequence showed that CAM cell line was originated from C. altivelis. Chromosome analysis showed that the modal chromosome number of CAM cells was 48. After transfection using pEGFP-N3 plasmid, CAM cells exhibited high transfection efficiency, indicating that CAM cells could be used in foreign gene expression studies. Further, cytotoxicity analysis revealed that CAM cells were sensitive to Vibrio harveyi and Edwardsiella tarda. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of heavy metals (Hg, Cd, and Cu) to CAM cells was dose-dependent. This CAM cell line might be used as an ideal tool in vitro for analyzing and understanding the mechanisms of pathogenesis, host-pathogen interactions, and toxicity assay of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China.
- College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongcan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China.
- College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiliang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
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Ganiatsa A, Gartzonika C, Gaitanis G, Voulgari P, Levidiotou-Stefanou S, Bassukas ID. Aeromonas hydrophila Survives the Treatment of Posttraumatic Cellulitis in the Shelter of an Obscured Fish-Bone Fragment. Case Rep Dermatol Med 2020; 2020:6498950. [PMID: 33163238 PMCID: PMC7604590 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6498950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish bone and/or spine puncture injuries can result in infection of the upper extremities with aquatic bacterial pathogens. Additionally, in such injuries, the inoculation of foreign organic material is frequent and may further complicate the clinical presentation and course of the resulting infection. We describe the case of a 45-year-old female patient with a minimal fish rostrum puncture trauma acquired during preparation of fresh fish meal, which resulted in a galloping hand cellulitis. The alarming clinical presentation and the prompt response of the skin infection to clindamycin obscured the presence of inoculated fish rostrum remnants in the tissue that, three weeks later, gave rise to a foreign body granuloma, from which Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated. Final resolution was achieved with an additional two-week doxycycline treatment. In conclusion, the reported case highlights the potential of the accidentally implanted organic material, as are fish bones, not only to transfer uncommon pathogens but also to offer a sanctuary that favors microbial survival despite antibiotic therapy thus enabling latent or recurrent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areti Ganiatsa
- Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Constantina Gartzonika
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Georgios Gaitanis
- Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Voulgari
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Stamatina Levidiotou-Stefanou
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis D. Bassukas
- Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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17
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Antimicrobial Resistance analysis of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Freshwater Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Cultured in Kerala, India. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:3278-3287. [PMID: 32776225 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02158-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aquaculture of popular freshwater species, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), accounts for around 71% of the total global tilapia production. Frequent use of antibiotics for treating bacterial infections in tilapia leads to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. To mitigate the issue, proper evaluation methods and control strategies have to be implemented. This study was aimed to analyze the antimicrobial resistance of bacterial isolates from the infected Nile tilapia cultured in freshwater. The recovered isolates were identified as Pseudomonas entomophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Comamonas sp, Delftia tsuruhatensis, Aeromonas dhakensis, A. sobria, A. hydrophila, A. lacus, Plesiomonas shigelloides and Vogesella perlucida through phenotypic and genotypic analyses. Using Primer-E software, Shannon Wiener diversity index of the isolates was determined as H' (loge) = 2.58. Antibiotic susceptibility test of the recovered strains through disk diffusion using 47 antibiotics, showed an elevated resistance pattern for Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas entomophila and Comamonas with higher multiple antibiotic resistance indexes (MAR index > 0.3). The minimum inhibitory concentration of antibiotics was > 256 mcg/ml for most of the resistant isolates. Meanwhile, all the recovered isolates were susceptible to amikacin, aztreonam, kanamycin, cefalexin, cefotaxime, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, piperacillin, and polymyxin-B.
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18
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Abdel-Latif HMR, Dawood MAO, Menanteau-Ledouble S, El-Matbouli M. The nature and consequences of co-infections in tilapia: A review. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:651-664. [PMID: 32315088 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Co-infections commonly arise when two or multiple different pathogens infect the same host, either as simultaneous or as secondary concurrent infection. This potentiates their pathogenic effects and leads to serious negative consequences on the exposed host. Numerous studies on the occurrence of the bacterial, parasitic, fungal and viral co-infections were conducted in various tilapia species. Co-infections have been associated with serious negative impacts on susceptible fish because they increase the fish susceptibility to diseases and the likelihood of outbreaks in the affected fish. Co-infections can alter the disease course and increase the severity of disease through synergistic and, more rarely, antagonistic interactions. In this review, reports on the synergistic co-infections and their impacts on the affected tilapia species are highlighted. Additionally, their pathogenic mechanisms are briefly discussed. Tilapia producers should be aware of the possible occurrence of co-infections and their effects on the affected tilapia species and in particular of the clinical signs and course of the disease. To date, there is still limited information regarding the pathogenicity mechanisms and pathogen interactions during these co-infections. This is generally due to low awareness regarding co-infections, and in many cases, a dominant pathogen is perceived to be of vital importance and hence becomes the target of treatment while the treatment of the co-infectious agents is neglected. This review article aimed at raising awareness regarding co-infections and helping researchers and fish health specialists pay greater attention to these natural cases, leading to increased research and more consistent diagnosis of co-infectious outbreaks in order to improve control strategies to protect tilapia when infected with multiple pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany M R Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | | | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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19
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Bunpa S, Chaichana N, Teng JLL, Lee HH, Woo PCY, Sermwittayawong D, Sawangjaroen N, Sermwittayawong N. Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) is a potential virulence factor of Vibrio alginolyticus strains isolated from diseased fish. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:275-284. [PMID: 31779054 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio alginolyticus is one of the most serious causative agents of diseases in cultured marine fish and shellfish. However, the characteristics of virulence factors in pathogenic V. alginolyticus are poorly known. To gain insight into fish diseases caused by V. alginolyticus, we carried out two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) combined with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry to identify uniquely expressed proteins in the disease-causing V. alginolyticus. V. alginolyticus strains were isolated from marine environments and diseased fish obtained from southern Thailand. We identified seven unique proteins in the disease-causing V. alginolyticus strain. Among those, the outer membrane protein A (OmpA) had the strongest expression. Therefore, the function of this protein was further analysed. To investigate the role of OmpA protein, an in-frame deletion mutant of ompA was constructed using the homologous recombination method. Although the ompA mutant V. alginolyticus strain (ΔompA) grew normally, the mutant exhibited a significant defect in the swarming ability and the biofilm formation. Furthermore, Galleria mellonella larvae injected with the mutant bacteria had a significantly greater survival percentage than those injected with the wild-type strain, demonstrating that OmpA protein is required for the pathogenicity of V. alginolyticus. Together, this study suggests a potential target for vaccine development against pathogenic V. alginolyticus strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supansa Bunpa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Nattarika Chaichana
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Jade L L Teng
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hwei Huih Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Decha Sermwittayawong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Nongyao Sawangjaroen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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20
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Kumar S, Alka, Tarun, Saxena J, Bansal C, Kumari P. Visible light-assisted photodegradation by silver tungstate-modified magnetite nanocomposite material for enhanced mineralization of organic water contaminants. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-019-01230-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Hu T, Chen R, Zhang L, Wang Z, Yang D, Zhang Y, Liu X, Liu Q. Balanced role of T3SS and T6SS in contribution to the full virulence of Edwardsiella piscicida. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:871-878. [PMID: 31400510 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Edwardsiella piscicida is an important pathogen that infects a wide range of hosts, from fish to human. Its infection leads to extensive losses in a diverse array of commercially important fish, like Japanese flounder, turbot, and tilapia. During the infection, type III secretion system (T3SS) and type VI secretion system (T6SS) of E. piscicida play significant roles, but how T3SS and T6SS cooperatively contribute to its virulence is still unknown. In this study, we first examined the roles of T3SS and T6SS in different processes during E. piscicida infection of host cells, and revealed that T3SS of E. piscicida is responsible for promoting bacterial invasion, the following intracellular replication and inducing cell death in host cells, while T6SS restrains E. piscicida intracellular replication and cell death in J774A.1 cells, which suggested that T3SS and T6SS antagonistically concert E. piscicida infection. Furthermore, we found an significant decrease in transcription level of IL-1β in zebrafish kidney infected with T3SS mutant and an drastically increase in transcription level of TNF- α infected with T6SS mutant when compared with the wild-type. Interestingly, both T3SS and T6SS mutants showed significant attenuated virulence in the zebrafish infection model when compared with the wild-type. Finally, considering the cooperative role of T3SS and T6SS, we generated a mutant strain WEDΔT6SS based on the existing live attenuated vaccine (LAV) WED which showed improved vaccine safety and comparable immune protection. Therefore, WEDΔT6SS could be used as an optimized LAV in the future. Taken together, this work suggested a bilateral role of T3SS and T6SS which respectively act as spear and shield during E. piscicida infection, together contribute to E. piscicida virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ran Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Lingzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Dahai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Bio-manufacturing, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Bio-manufacturing, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Tan J, Yang D, Wang Z, Zheng X, Zhang Y, Liu Q. EvpP inhibits neutrophils recruitment via Jnk-caspy inflammasome signaling in vivo. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:851-860. [PMID: 31129187 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity is regulated by phagocytic cells and is critical for host control of bacterial infection. In many bacteria, the type VI secretion system (T6SS) can affect bacterial virulence in certain environments, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying T6SS regulation of innate immune responses during infection in vivo. Here, we developed an infection model by microinjecting bacteria into the tail vein muscle of 3-day-post-fertilized zebrafish larvae, and found that both macrophages and neutrophils are essential for bacterial clearance. Further study revealed that EvpP plays a critical role in promoting the pathogenesis of Edwardsiella piscicida (E. piscicida) via inhibiting the phosphorylation of Jnk signaling to reduce the expression of chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 8 (cxcl8a), matrix metallopeptidase 13 (mmp13) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in vivo. Subsequently, by utilizing Tg (mpo:eGFP+/+) zebrafish larvae for E. piscicida infection, we found that the EvpP-inhibited Jnk-caspy (caspase-1 homolog) inflammasome signaling axis significantly suppressed the recruitment of neutrophils to infection sites, and the caspy- or IL-1β-morpholino (MO) knockdown larvae were more susceptible to infection and failed to restrict bacterial colonization in vivo. taken together, this interaction improves our understanding about the complex and contextual role of a bacterial T6SS effector in modulating the action of neutrophils during infection, and offers new insights into the warfare between bacterial weapons and host immunological surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Dahai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Ma R, Yang G, Xu R, Liu X, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Wang Q. Pattern analysis of conditional essentiality (PACE)-based heuristic identification of an in vivo colonization determinant as a novel target for the construction of a live attenuated vaccine against Edwardsiella piscicida. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 90:65-72. [PMID: 30946958 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Edwardsiella piscicida is the aetiological agent of fish edwardsiellosis, causing huge economic losses in aquaculture industries. The use of a live attenuated vaccine (LAV) will be an effective strategy to control the disease in farmed fish. Thus, methods facilitating exploration of targets used for construction of an LAV will be of great significance. Previously, we devised an algorithm termed pattern analysis of conditional essentiality (PACE) to perform genome-wide analysis of the temporal dynamic behaviour of E. piscicida mutants colonizing turbot. Here, we correlated the conditional essentiality patterns of the PACE-derived colonization determinants with that of the aroC gene encoding chorismate synthase, the established target for LAV construction in E. piscicida, and identified ETAE_0023 as a novel valuable LAV target. ETAE_0023 encodes an uncharacterized DcrB family protein. Deletion of ETAE_0023 dramatically impaired E. piscicida invasion capability in ZF4 cells as well as colonization in fish and resulted in in vivo clearance at ∼30 days post-infection. ΔETAE_0023 showed an ∼2500-fold higher 50% lethal dose (LD50) than that of the wild type strain. Vaccination with ΔETAE_0023 by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection upregulated expression of immune factors, i.e., IL-1β, IgM, MHC-I and MHC-II, and produced significantly high levels of E. piscicida-specific IgM as well as serum bactericidal capacities in turbot. Moreover, a single i.p. inoculation with ΔETAE_0023 generated significant protection comparable to the established WED LAV strain in turbot against challenge with the wild type strain after 5 weeks of vaccination. Taken together, we demonstrated a PACE-based method for heuristic identification of targets for LAV construction and presented ΔETAE_0023 as a new LAV candidate against edwardsiellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Guanhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Rongjing Xu
- Yantai Tianyuan Aquatic Co., Ltd., Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Qiyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Han YC, Chen TT. A pathway-focused RT-qPCR array study on immune relevant genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) harboring cecropin P1 transgene. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:1-11. [PMID: 30902722 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, our laboratory had produced five families of transgenic rainbow trout harboring cecropin P1 transgene, and via repeated challenge studies these fish exhibited a significant elevation of resistance to infection by microbial pathogens. By cDNA microarray and mRNA deep sequencing (mRNA-seq) analyses on two of the five families of cecropin P1 transgenic fish, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) relevant to the innate and adaptive immune pathways in three different immune-related tissues, (i.e. spleen, kidney and liver) were profiled. These results supported our hypothesis that in addition to its direct microbicidal activity, the transgene product of cecropin P1 induces immunomodulatory activity in the transgenic host. Here, we have adapted the technique of quantitative reverse transcription real time PCR (RT-qPCR) array to analyze the expression of genes relevant to the innate and adaptive immune pathways in the rest three families. A RT-qPCR array was constructed with oligonucleotide primers of fifty-two innate/adaptive immune relevant DEGs shown to be the most perturbed by cecropin P1 transgene product in previous studies. Messenger RNA isolated from the spleen, kidney and liver of transgenic fish and non-transgenic fish control were studied on this array. Results of RT-qPCR array revealed that statistically significant perturbations of gene expression were detected in pathways of cytokine/chemokine signaling, Toll-like receptor signaling, complement cascade, antigen processing/presentation, lysosomal phagocytosis and leukocyte trans-endothelial migration in the transgenic spleen; extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and leukocyte trans-endothelial migration pathways in the transgenic kidney; lysosomal activity pathway in the transgenic liver. Furthermore, genes related to the pathways of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling, lipid metabolism process and arachidonic acid metabolism were also impacted in the transgenic liver. Findings of the current study are in good agreement with those discoveries in previous two transgenic families by cDNA microarray and mRNA-seq analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Chiang Han
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, United States.
| | - Thomas T Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, United States.
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25
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De novo whole transcriptome profiling of Edwardsiella tarda isolated from infected fish (Labeo catla). Gene 2019; 701:152-160. [PMID: 30910556 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda belongs to the genera of Gram negative bacterium mainly associated with edwardsiellosis, the most commonly found infectious fish disease throughout the globe. E. tarda is also a widespread pathogen which cause infections such as cellulitis or gas gangrene and generalized infections in humans. To control the escalating infection of E. trada on various species, it is essential to decoded the mysterious mechanism behind the bacterial infection at transcript level. In this present study, we carry out a de novo E. tarda Whole transcriptome sequencing, isolated from infected fish intestine using SOLiD sequencing platform. RNA-Seq data analysis was performed using various bioinformatics pipelines. Protein-protein interaction study for pathway enrichment and gene ontology study were executed for further investigation. Assembly statistics for E. tarda dataset showed that the number of transcript contigs was 9657 out of which 6749 were GO annotated whereas 1528 were not assigned any GO terms. GO analysis showed that the expressed genes were enhanced with molecular function, cellular component and biological process. A KEGG enrichment study showed that pathway's that are directly linked with immune diseases like Rheumatoid arthritis (0.2%), Tuberculosis (0.3%) Endocytosis (0.6%) was considerably enriched. Protein-protein interaction study showed that most of the expressed proteins were involved in metabolic pathways, flagellar assembly, Propanoate metabolism, Microbial metabolism in diverse environments, Butanoate metabolism and Carbon. The present study provides novel E. tarda transcriptome sequence data, allowing us to identify biologically significant genes and their functional relationship with fish diseases, and will be useful in recognize the reliable therapeutic targets in near feature.
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Xu J, Zhang X, Luo Y, Wan X, Yao Y, Zhang L, Yu Y, Ai T, Wang Q, Xu Z. IgM and IgD heavy chains of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco): Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis in response to bacterial infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:233-243. [PMID: 30300742 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Three different immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes, namely IgM, IgD, and IgT/IgZ have been described in most teleost, among which IgM and IgT are considered crucial in systematic and mucosal immunity, respectively. However, some teleost have no IgT/IgZ and it is unclear how other Ig isotypes interact to perform immune-protective roles in both systematic and mucosal sites. In this study, the complete cDNA sequences of IgM and IgD heavy chains were cloned and analyzed from yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). The full-length cDNA of Pf-IgM and Pf-IgD heavy chains contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 1710 and 2991 bp encoding a predicted protein of 570 and 997 amino acids, respectively. Tissue-specific expression analysis indicated that both IgM and IgD were highly expressed in kidney and spleen, and higher expression levels were found at zygote and 13th day post hatching during early development. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed IgM and IgD of yellow catfish are closely related to other fish of Siluriformes. Moreover, we also constructed the infection model of yellow catfish with bacteria (Flavobacterium columnare G4) for the first time to study the function of Pf-IgM and Pf-IgD heavy chain genes in immune response. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that significantly up-regulated expression of Pf-IgM was not only detected in liver and spleen, but also in mucosal tissues including skin and intestine, while Pf-IgD was just significantly increased in liver and spleen, which might suggest the main immune-protecting roles of IgM in mucosal tissues of yellow catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yanzhi Luo
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xinyu Wan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yongtie Yao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430207, China
| | - Yunzhen Yu
- Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430207, China
| | - Taoshan Ai
- Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430207, China
| | - Qingchao Wang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Changde, 415000, China.
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Gabr Ali N, Aboyadak IM, Gouda MY. Rapid Detection and Control of Gram-negative Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Summer Mortality Outbreak Affecting Tilapia Farms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2019.24.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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28
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Clinical listonellosis in meagre (Argyrosomus regius) from recirculated aquaculture system in Turkey. ACTA VET BRNO 2018. [DOI: 10.2754/avb201887030269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vibriosis caused byListonella anguillarumwas reported in several fish species from both fresh and saltwater conditions. This pathogen causes disease in rainbow trout, sea bass, and sea bream in Turkey, however, it has not been reported from meagre (Argyrosomus regius) before. Great loss of meagre was observed in the Recirculated Aquaculture System at the Faculty of Fisheries of Izmir Katip Celebi University, which had been transferred from a commercial hatchery for a nutrition experiment. Clinical signs of vibriosis were observed in infected fish, i.e. haemorrhage in the anal area and pectoral fins, mostly as tail ulcers. Petechial haemorrhages in the muscle, liver, peritoneal membranes and pyloric caeca were determined by necropsy. A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacterium was isolated, showing a positive reaction to oxidase, catalase and gelatin tests, and being sensitive to O/129. Biochemical identification tests and PCR amplifications identified the bacterium asListonella anguillarum. In slide agglutination test with antiL. anguillarumO1 (ATCC43305) serum, all isolates were positive. The isolated bacteria was resistant to oxytetracycline, sensitive to enrofloxacin, flumequine, phosphomycin, furozulidone, kanamycin and oxolinic acid. In this study, the isolated bacteria from meagre were determined asListonella anguillarumO1 with biochemical, moleculer identification and agglutination tests.
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29
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Tran HB, Lee YH, Guo JJ, Cheng TC. De novo transcriptome analysis of immune response on cobia (Rachycentron canadum) infected with Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida revealed inhibition of complement components and involvement of MyD88-independent pathway. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 77:120-130. [PMID: 29578048 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cobia, Rachycentron canadum, one of the most important aquatic species in Taiwan, has suffered heavy losses from Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, which is the causal agent of photobacteriosis. In this study, the transcriptomic profiles of livers and spleens from Pdp-infected and non-infected cobia were obtained for the first time by Illumina-based paired-end sequencing method with a focus on immune-related genes. In total, 164,882 high quality unigenes were obtained in four libraries. Following Pdp infection, 7302 differentially expressed unigenes from liver and 8600 differentially expressed unigenes from spleen were identified. Twenty-seven of the differently expressed genes were further validated by RT-qPCR (average correlation coefficient 0.839, p-value <0.01). Results indicated a negative regulation of complement components and increased expression of genes involved in MyD88-independent pathway. Moreover, a remarkable finding was the increased expression of IL-10, implying an inadequacy of immune responses. This study not only characterized several putative immune pathways, but also provided a better understanding of the molecular responses to photobacteriosis in cobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Bao Tran
- Laboratory of Molecular Fish Immunology and Genetics, Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hung Lee
- Tungkang Biotechnology Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, Pingtung 92845, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Ju Guo
- Tungkang Biotechnology Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, Pingtung 92845, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chih Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Fish Immunology and Genetics, Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
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30
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Rameshkumar P, Nazar AKA, Pradeep MA, Kalidas C, Jayakumar R, Tamilmani G, Sakthivel M, Samal AK, Sirajudeen S, Venkatesan V, Nazeera BM. Isolation and characterization of pathogenic Vibrio alginolyticus from sea cage cultured cobia (Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus 1766)) in India. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 65:423-430. [PMID: 28901019 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mass mortalities of cobia, Rachycentron canadum, sub-adults occurred during August 2013 in cage culture in the Gulf of Mannar, Mandapam Tamil Nadu, India. The epizootic of disease was started with typical classical clinical signs followed by acute mortality. Grossly, severe haemorrhage and congestion were observed in the gastric mucosa. The abdomen was distended with peritoneal fluid. The heart revealed haemopericardium and fibrinous pericardium. Histologically, the gastric mucosa showed severe erosion and necrosis. Haemorrhagic pericarditis and an increased size of the melano macrophage centre (MMC) in the tail kidney were other histopathological changes. Vibrio sp. was isolated from the gastric lesions and heart blood swab of moribund fishes and it was found to be virulent to the cobia fingerlings. After the challenge, the same bacterium could be re-isolated from moribund fingerlings. The 16S ribosomal RNA of the isolate was amplified and blast analysis of the sequence confirmed that the pathogen was Vibrio alginolyticus. The confirmation was also correlated with its cultural, biochemical and pathomorphological changes. This is the second report and the first incidence of epizootics with severe pathological lesions in cultured cobia in India. The study throws light on the pathology of vibriosis. By practising cage farm management measures, occurrences of infection may be prevented. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The epizootics of vibriosis caused serious economic losses to farmers. Natural blooms of the pathogen can be prevented by sea cage management measures such as, changing the inner net of the cages, changing the location of the cages to relatively clean water (about 50 m apart) from the affected site and providing shade over the cages while the water temperature rises. Supplementation of the feed with immunostimulants and mineral mixture may be practised to improve the immune response against infection. Early diagnosis and sea cage management measures may prevent occurrences of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rameshkumar
- Mandapam Regional Centre, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mandapam Camp, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A K A Nazar
- Mandapam Regional Centre, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mandapam Camp, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M A Pradeep
- Mandapam Regional Centre, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mandapam Camp, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C Kalidas
- Mandapam Regional Centre, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mandapam Camp, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Jayakumar
- Mandapam Regional Centre, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mandapam Camp, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Tamilmani
- Mandapam Regional Centre, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mandapam Camp, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Sakthivel
- Mandapam Regional Centre, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mandapam Camp, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A K Samal
- Mandapam Regional Centre, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mandapam Camp, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Sirajudeen
- Mandapam Regional Centre, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mandapam Camp, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Venkatesan
- Mandapam Regional Centre, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mandapam Camp, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B M Nazeera
- Mandapam Regional Centre, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mandapam Camp, Tamil Nadu, India
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31
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Ibrahim El M. Serum Biochemical and Histopathological Changes Associated with Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated from Oreochromis niloticus and Sparus aurata with Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2017.222.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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32
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Yildirim‐Aksoy M, Beck B. Antimicrobial activity of chitosan and a chitosan oligomer against bacterial pathogens of warmwater fish. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 122:1570-1578. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Yildirim‐Aksoy
- United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit Auburn AL USA
| | - B.H. Beck
- United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit Auburn AL USA
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Liu Y, Zhao L, Yang M, Yin K, Zhou X, Leung KY, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Wang Q. Transcriptomic dissection of the horizontally acquired response regulator EsrB reveals its global regulatory roles in the physiological adaptation and activation of T3SS and the cognate effector repertoire in Edwardsiella piscicida during infection toward turbot. Virulence 2017; 8:1355-1377. [PMID: 28441105 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1323157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Edwardsiella piscicida is the leading pathogen threatening worldwide aquaculture industries. The 2-component system (TCS) EsrA-EsrB is essential for the pathogenesis of this bacterium. However, little is known about the regulon and regulatory mechanism of EsrA-EsrB or about the factors that mediate the interaction of TCS with bacterial hosts. Here, our RNA-seq analysis indicated that EsrB strongly induces type III and type VI secretion systems (T3/T6SS) expression and that it modulates the expression of both physiology- and virulence-associated genes in E. piscicida grown in DMEM. EsrB binds directly to a highly conserved 18-bp DNA motif to regulate the expression of T3SS and other genes. EsrB/DMEM-activated genes include 3 known and 6 novel T3SS-dependent effectors. All these effector genes are highly induced by EsrB during the late stage of in vivo infection in fish. Furthermore, although in vivo colonization by the bacterium relies on EsrB and T3/T6SS expression, it does not require the expression of individual effectors other than EseJ. The mutant lacking these 9 effectors showed significant defects in in vivo colonization and virulence toward turbot, and, more importantly, a high level of protection against challenges by wild-type E. piscicida, suggesting that it may represent a promising live attenuated vaccine. Taken together, our data demonstrate that EsrB plays a global regulatory role in controlling physiologic responses and the expression of T3SS and its cognate effector genes. Our findings will facilitate further work on the mechanism of molecular pathogenesis of this bacterium during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Luyao Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Minjun Yang
- b Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics , Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai , Shanghai , China
| | - Kaiyu Yin
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- c Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science , University of Connecticut , Storrs , CT , USA
| | - Ka Yin Leung
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China.,d Department of Biology , Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Trinity Western University , Langley , BC , Canada
| | - Qin Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China.,e Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines , Shanghai , China.,f Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China.,e Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines , Shanghai , China.,f Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Qiyao Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China.,e Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines , Shanghai , China.,f Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology , Shanghai , China
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34
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Kataoka C, Tomiyama H, Kashiwada S. Three-dimensional visualization of green fluorescence protein-labelled Edwardsiella tarda in whole Medaka larvae. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2017; 40:479-484. [PMID: 27416977 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The invasive fish pathogen Edwardsiella tarda is common in aquatic environments and causes the environmentally and economically destructive emphysematous putrefactive disease called edwardsiellosis. In order to understand the organism's infection pathway, medaka larvae (Oryzias latipes) were immersion-infected with E. tarda labelled with green fluorescence protein (GFP) and then visualized in three dimensions under confocal laser microscopy and light-sheet fluorescence microscopy. Confocal microscopy revealed GFP-labelled E. tarda in the mouth, head, gill bridges, gill cover, skin, membrane fin, gastrointestinal tract and air bladder, and in the caudal vein, somite veins, caudal artery and caudal capillaries. Light-sheet microscopy additionally showed GFP-labelled E. tarda in the pharyngeal cavity, muscle of the pectoral fin and cardiac atrium and ventricle. These findings suggest that during its infection of fish, E. tarda initially adheres to, and invades, the epithelial cells of the skin, gills and gastrointestinal tract (through the pharyngeal cavity); E. tarda then enters the blood vessels to access organs, including the air bladder and heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kataoka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Itakura, Gunma, Japan
| | - H Tomiyama
- Department of Applied Sciences, Toyo University, Itakura, Gunma, Japan
| | - S Kashiwada
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Itakura, Gunma, Japan
- Department of Applied Sciences, Toyo University, Itakura, Gunma, Japan
- Research Center for Life and Environmental Sciences, Toyo University, Itakura, Gunma, Japan
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Construction and evaluation of an Edwardsiella tarda DNA vaccine encoding outer membrane protein C. Microb Pathog 2017; 104:238-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Liu G, Zhu J, Chen K, Gao T, Yao H, Liu Y, Zhang W, Lu C. Development of Streptococcus agalactiae vaccines for tilapia. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2016; 122:163-170. [PMID: 28000606 DOI: 10.3354/dao03084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is a widely accepted and effective method to prevent most pathogenic diseases in aquaculture. Various species of tilapia, especially Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, are farmed worldwide because of their high consumer demand. Recently, the tilapia-breeding industry has been hampered by outbreaks of Streptococcus agalactiae infection, which cause high mortality and huge economic losses. Many researchers have attempted to develop effective S. agalactiae vaccines for tilapia. This review provides a summary of the different kinds of S. agalactiae vaccines for tilapia that have been developed recently. Among the various vaccine types, inactivated S. agalactiae vaccines showed superior protection efficiency when compared with live attenuated, recombinant and DNA vaccines. With respect to vaccination method, injecting the vaccine into tilapia provided the most effective immunoprotection. Freund's incomplete adjuvant appeared to be suitable for tilapia vaccines. Other factors, such as immunization duration and number, fish size and challenge dose, also influenced the vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
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Park Y, Moniruzzaman M, Lee S, Hong J, Won S, Lee JM, Yun H, Kim KW, Ko D, Bai SC. Comparison of the effects of dietary single and multi-probiotics on growth, non-specific immune responses and disease resistance in starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 59:351-357. [PMID: 27818339 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary probiotics on growth performance and non-specific immune responses in starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus. Fish averaging 46.5 ± 0.65 g (mean ± SD) were fed one of the six experimental diets; one control (Cont), and five other diets were prepared by supplementing single-probiotics 1 (Bacillus subtilis; SP1, 2 × 109 CFU kg-1 diet), single-probiotics 2 (Bacillus licheniformis; SP2, 2 × 109 CFU kg-1 diet), multi-probiotics 1 (Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus licheniformis; MP1, 2 × 109 CFU kg-1 diet), multi-probiotics 2 (commercial probiotics; Bacillus subtills + Bacillus licheniformis + Paenibacillus polymyxa + Aspergillus oryzae + Saccharomyces cerevisiae; MP2, 2 × 109 CFU kg-1 diet) and oxytetracycline (OTC) at 5 g OTC kg-1 diet. At the end of 8 weeks feeding trial, weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish fed SP1, MP1 and MP2 diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed control diet (P < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of fish fed MP2 diet was significantly higher than those of fish fed OTC diet (P < 0.05). Nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) activity and lysozyme activity of fish fed SP1, MP1 and MP2 diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed OTC diet (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference among fish fed SP1, SP2, MP1 and MP2 diets. During the Edwardsiella tarda challenge test, the first mortality occurred on day 2. After the 14 days challenge test, cumulative survival rate of fish fed MP1 and MP2 diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed control diet (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference among fish fed SP1, SP2, MP1, MP2 and OTC diets in survival rate at the termination of the challenge test. Although there was little advantage in immunological parameters with fish fed MP diets, single and multi-probiotics were equally effective statistically. These results demonstrated that single or multi-probiotics had equal beneficial effect as an antibiotic replacer in terms of growth performance, non-specific immune responses and disease resistance in starry flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjin Park
- Dept. of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture/Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center (FFNRC), Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Moniruzzaman
- Dept. of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture/Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center (FFNRC), Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghan Lee
- Dept. of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture/Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center (FFNRC), Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongwhui Hong
- Dept. of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture/Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center (FFNRC), Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghun Won
- Dept. of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture/Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center (FFNRC), Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Lee
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonho Yun
- Dept. of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture/Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center (FFNRC), Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Woong Kim
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Pohang, 791-923, Republic of Korea
| | - Daegyun Ko
- Dong Chang Co., Ltd, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungchul C Bai
- Dept. of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture/Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center (FFNRC), Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea.
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Liu F, Tang X, Sheng X, Xing J, Zhan W. DNA vaccine encoding molecular chaperone GroEL of Edwardsiella tarda confers protective efficacy against edwardsiellosis. Mol Immunol 2016; 79:55-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Fang S, Zhang L, Lou Y, Yang D, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Liu Q. Intracellular translocation and localization of Edwardsiella tarda type III secretion system effector EseG in host cells. Microb Pathog 2016; 97:166-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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EseE of Edwardsiella tarda Augments Secretion of Translocon Protein EseC and Expression of the escC-eseE Operon. Infect Immun 2016; 84:2336-2344. [PMID: 27271743 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00106-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda is an important Gram-negative pathogen that employs a type III secretion system (T3SS) to deliver effectors into host cells to facilitate bacterial survival and replication. These effectors are translocated into host cells through a translocon complex composed of three secreted proteins, namely, EseB, EseC, and EseD. The secretion of EseB and EseD requires a chaperone protein called EscC, whereas the secretion of EseC requires the chaperone EscA. In this study, we identified a novel protein (EseE) that also regulates the secretion of EseC. An eseE deletion mutant secreted much less EseC into supernatants, accompanied by increased EseC levels within bacterial cells. We also demonstrated that EseE interacted directly with EseC in a pulldown assay. Interestingly, EseC, EseE, and EscA were able to form a ternary complex, as revealed by pulldown and gel filtration assays. Of particular importance, the deletion of eseE resulted in decreased levels of EseB and EseD proteins in both the bacterial pellet and supernatant fraction. Furthermore, real-time PCR assays showed that EseE positively regulated the transcription of the translocon operon escC-eseE, comprising escC, eseB, escA, eseC, eseD, and eseE These effects of EseE on the translocon components/operon appeared to have a functional consequence, since the ΔeseE strain was outcompeted by wild-type E. tarda in a mixed infection in blue gourami fish. Collectively, our results demonstrate that EseE not only functions as a chaperone for EseC but also acts as a positive regulator controlling the expression of the translocon operon escC-eseE, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of E. tarda in fish.
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Zhou Y, Liu LY, He TT, Laghari ZA, Nie P, Gao Q, Xie HX. Edwardsiella tarda EsaE (Orf19 protein) is required for the secretion of type III substrates, and pathogenesis in fish. Vet Microbiol 2016; 190:12-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Castro N, Osorio CR, Buján N, Fuentes JC, Rodríguez J, Romero M, Jiménez C, Toranzo AE, Magariños B. Insights into the virulence-related genes of Edwardsiella tarda isolated from turbot in Europe: genetic homogeneity and evidence for vibrioferrin production. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2016; 39:565-576. [PMID: 26096159 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda has long been known as a pathogen that causes severe economic losses in aquaculture industry. Insights gained on E. tarda pathogenesis may prove useful in the development of new methods for the treatment of infections as well as preventive measures against future outbreaks. In this report, we have established the correlation between the presence of virulence genes, related with three aspects typically involved in bacterial pathogenesis (chondroitinase activity, quorum sensing and siderophore-mediated ferric uptake systems), in the genome of E. tarda strains isolated from turbot in Europe and their phenotypic traits. A total of 8 genes were tested by PCR for their presence in 73 E. tarda isolates. High homogeneity was observed in the presence/absence pattern of all the strains. Positive results in the amplification of virulence-related genes were correlated with the detection of chondroitinase activity in agar plates, in vivo AHL production during fish infection and determination of type of siderophore produced by E. tarda. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study carried out with European strains on potential virulence factors. Furthermore, we demonstrated for the first time that E. tarda produces the siderophore vibrioferrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Castro
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Biología-CIBUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - C R Osorio
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - N Buján
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Biología-CIBUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J C Fuentes
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Facultad de Ciencias y Centro de Investigaciones de Ciencias Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - J Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Facultad de Ciencias y Centro de Investigaciones de Ciencias Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - M Romero
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Biología-CIBUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - C Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Facultad de Ciencias y Centro de Investigaciones de Ciencias Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - A E Toranzo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Biología-CIBUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - B Magariños
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Biología-CIBUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Huang L, Huang L, Yan Q, Qin Y, Ma Y, Lin M, Xu X, Zheng J. The TCA Pathway is an Important Player in the Regulatory Network Governing Vibrio alginolyticus Adhesion Under Adversity. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:40. [PMID: 26870007 PMCID: PMC4735382 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion is a critical step in the initial stage of Vibrio alginolyticus infection; therefore, it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms governing the adhesion of V. alginolyticus and determine if environmental factors have any effect. A greater understanding of this process may assist in developing preventive measures for reducing infection. In our previous research, we presented the first RNA-seq data from V. alginolyticus cultured under stress conditions that resulted in reduced adhesion. Based on the RNA-seq data, we found that the Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA pathway) might be closely related to adhesion. Environmental interactions with the TCA pathway might alter adhesion. To validate this, bioinformatics analysis, quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR), RNAi, and in vitro adhesion assays were performed, while V. alginolyticus was treated with various stresses including temperature, pH, salinity, and starvation. The expression of genes involved in the TCA pathway was confirmed by qPCR, which reinforced the reliability of the sequencing data. Silencing of these genes was capable of reducing the adhesion ability of V. alginolyticus. Adhesion of V. alginolyticus is influenced substantially by environmental factors and the TCA pathway is sensitive to some environmental stresses, especially changes in pH and starvation. Our results indicated that (1) the TCA pathway plays a key role in V. alginolyticus adhesion: (2) the TCA pathway is sensitive to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University Xiamen, China
| | - Li Huang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University Xiamen, China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University Xiamen, China
| | - Yingxue Qin
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University Xiamen, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University Xiamen, China
| | - Mao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaojin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University Xiamen, China
| | - Jiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University Xiamen, China
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Chigwechokha PK, Tabata M, Shinyoshi S, Oishi K, Araki K, Komatsu M, Itakura T, Shiozaki K. Recombinant sialidase NanA (rNanA) cleaves α2-3 linked sialic acid of host cell surface N-linked glycoprotein to promote Edwardsiella tarda infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:34-45. [PMID: 26291491 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda is one of the major pathogenic bacteria affecting both marine and freshwater fish species. Sialidase NanA expressed endogenously in E. tarda is glycosidase removing sialic acids from glycoconjugates. Recently, the relationship of NanA sialidase activity to E. tarda infection has been reported, however, the mechanism with which sialidase NanA aids the pathogenicity of E. tarda remained unclear. Here, we comprehensively determined the biochemical properties of NanA towards various substrates in vitro to provide novel insights on the potential NanA target molecule at the host cell. GAKS cell pretreated with recombinant NanA showed increased susceptibility to E. tarda infection. Moreover, sialidase inhibitor treated E. tarda showed a significantly reduced ability to infect GAKS cells. These results indicate that NanA-induced desialylation of cell surface glycoconjugates is essential for the initial step of E. tarda infection. Among the natural substrates, NanA exhibited the highest activity towards 3-sialyllactose, α2-3 linked sialic acid carrying sialoglycoconjugates. Supporting this finding, intact GAKS cell membrane exposed to recombinant NanA showed changes of glycoconjugates only in α2-3 sialo-linked glycoproteins, but not in glycolipids and α2-6 sialo-linked glycoproteins. Lectin staining of cell surface glycoprotein provided further evidence that α2-3 sialo-linkage of the N-linked glycoproteins was the most plausible target of NanA sialidase. To confirm the significance of α2-3 sialo-linkage desialylation for E. tarda infection, HeLa cells which possessed lower amount of α2-3 sialo-linkage glycoprotein were used for infection experiment along with GAKS cells. As a result, infection of HeLa cells by E. tarda was significantly reduced when compared to GAKS cells. Furthermore, E. tarda infection was significantly inhibited by mannose pretreatment suggesting that the bacterium potentially recognizes and binds to mannose or mannose containing chains following desialylation. Together, these results suggest that E. tarda may employ endogenous NanA to desialylate α2-3 glycoproteins on host cells, thus revealing one of the potential binding molecules during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Kingstone Chigwechokha
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Department of Fisheries, Mzuzu University, Mzuzu, Malawi
| | - Mutsumi Tabata
- Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | - Kazuki Oishi
- Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Araki
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masaharu Komatsu
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takao Itakura
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shiozaki
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
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Complete Genome Sequence of Edwardsiella tarda Isolate FL95-01, Recovered from Channel Catfish. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/3/e00682-15. [PMID: 26112788 PMCID: PMC4481286 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00682-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda is a Gram-negative facultative anaerobe that has been isolated from fish, reptiles, amphibians, and mammals, including humans. This is a report of the complete and annotated genome of isolate FL95-01, recovered from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus).
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Kong W, Huang L, Su Y, Qin Y, Ma Y, Xu X, Lin M, Zheng J, Yan Q. Investigation of possible molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of adhesion in Vibrio alginolyticus with comparative transcriptome analysis. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 107:1197-206. [PMID: 25726081 PMCID: PMC4387256 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0411-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion capability to fish mucus, which can be affected by environmental conditions, is considered to be a key virulence factor of Vibrio alginolyticus although the molecular mechanism is still unclear. In the present study, V. alginolyticus was treated with stress conditions including Cu(2+) (50 mg/L), Pb(2+) (100 mg/L), Hg(2+) (50 mg/L) and low pH (pH 5). We found these stress treatments were capable of reducing the adhesion of V. alginolyticus, while the expression levels of multiple genes were significantly changed according to the results of high throughput sequencing. The expression of randomly selected genes was confirmed by QPCR, which reinforced the reliability of the sequencing data. Ontology assignments and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that stress treatments affect pathways that may be related to adhesion. Our results identified genes which might play a key role in the adhesion process of V. alginolyticus, which could lay a foundation for further functional analysis of these genes in the process of adhesion. As these genes were sensitive to environmental factors, this may explain why the adhesion process can be influenced by environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Kong
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021 Fujian People’s Republic of China
| | - Lixing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021 Fujian People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongquan Su
- College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 Fujian People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingxue Qin
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021 Fujian People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021 Fujian People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021 Fujian People’s Republic of China
| | - Mao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021 Fujian People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021 Fujian People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021 Fujian People’s Republic of China
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Gong YX, Zhu B, Liu GL, Liu L, Ling F, Wang GX, Xu XG. Single-walled carbon nanotubes as delivery vehicles enhance the immunoprotective effects of a recombinant vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 42:213-220. [PMID: 25462556 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To reduce the economic losses caused by diseases in aquaculture industry, more efficient and economic prophylactic measures should be urgently investigated. In this research, the effects of a novel functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) applied as a delivery vehicle for recombinant Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine administration via bath or injection in juvenile grass carp were studied. The results showed that SWCNT as a vector for the recombinant protein aerA, augmented the production of specific antibodies, apparently stimulated the induction of immune-related genes, and induced higher level of survival rate compared with free aerA subunit vaccine. Furthermore, we compared the routes of bath and intramuscular injection immunization by SWCNTs-aerA vaccine, and found that similar antibody levels induced by SWCNTs-aerA were observed in both immunization routes. Meanwhile, a similar relative percentage survival (approximately 80%) was found in both a 40 mg/L bath immunization group, and a 20 μg injection group. The results indicate that functionalized SWCNTs could be a promising delivery vehicle to potentiate the immune response of recombinant vaccines, and might be used to vaccinate juvenile fish by bath administration method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Gong
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Lu Liu
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Ling
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin-Gang Xu
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China.
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48
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Oyarbide U, Iturria I, Rainieri S, Pardo MA. Use of gnotobiotic zebrafish to study Vibrio anguillarum pathogenicity. Zebrafish 2014; 12:71-80. [PMID: 25548877 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2014.0972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the use of the gnotobiotic zebrafish system to study the effects of bacterial infection, and analyzed expression of genes involved in zebrafish innate immunity. Using a GFP-labeled strain of Vibrio anguillarum, we fluorescently monitored colonization of the zebrafish intestinal tract and used gene expression analysis to compare changes in genes involved in innate immunity between nongnotobiotic and gnotobiotic larvae. The experiments performed with the gnotobiotic zebrafish reveal new insights into V. anguillarum pathogenesis. Specifically, an alteration of the host immune system was detected through the suppression of a number of innate immune genes (NFKB, IL1B, TLR4, MPX, and TRF) during the first 3 h post infection. This immunomodulation can be indicative of a "stealth mechanism" of mucus invasion in which the pathogen found a sheltered niche, a typical trait of intracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usua Oyarbide
- Food Research Division, Azti-Tecnalia , Derio, Spain
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49
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Mosca F, Ciulli S, Volpatti D, Romano N, Volpe E, Bulfon C, Massimini M, Caccia E, Galeotti M, Tiscar PG. Defensive response of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) against Listonella anguillarum or Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida experimental infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 162:83-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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50
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Abayneh T, Colquhoun DJ, Austin D, Sørum H. Multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis of Edwardsiella piscicida isolates pathogenic to fish. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2014; 37:941-948. [PMID: 24749655 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study describes a novel multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) based on six variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) loci for genotyping of 37 Edwardsiella piscicida (previously Edwardsiella tarda) isolates from multiple sources. The number of alleles identified for each of the six VNTR loci ranged from 3 to 5 with VNTR loci 1 (DI = 0.632) and 3 (DI = 0.644), displaying the highest degrees of polymorphism. MLVA typing of the 37 E. piscicida isolates resulted in the identification of five major clusters consistent with their geographical origins, and were designated as MLVA types I, II, III, IV and V. Types III and V were resolved further into subtypes largely consistent with outbreak source. An MLVA profile comprising a string of integers representing the number of tandem repeats for each allele provided a unique identification for each MLVA type and/or strain. The MLVA protocol described in the current study is robust, relatively simple, has a higher power of resolution than multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and is capable of discriminating closely related isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Abayneh
- Section for Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway; School of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Debre-zeit, Ethiopia
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