1
|
Wang YT, Liu Y, Zhou GH, Liu K, Fen Y, Ding H. Serum activin A as a prognostic biomarker for community acquired pneumonia. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:5016-5023. [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i22.5016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is essential to develop new biomarker with effective prognostic roles because of the unclear clinical use of the current community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) predictors.
AIM To evaluate the association between serum activin A levels and prognosis in CAP patients.
METHODS A total of 168 CAP individuals grouped according to the severity and prognosis of illness condition, and 48 healthy individuals as the control group were enrolled in this study. Circulating concentrations of activin A were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassays. The interaction between activin A levels and etiologies of CAP was determined. Based on the severity of CAP, 110 patients (65.48%) were categorized into group-I, 42 (25%) cases were grouped into group-II, and 16 (9.52%) cases were categorized into group-III.
RESULTS Serum activin A levels were higher in patients with CAP than controls, but independent of etiology. Moreover, the scores of Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) and CURB-65 positively correlated with the increasing levels of serum activin A, and were at their highest peak in individuals in group-III (P < 0.001). Combining activin A with CURB-65 or PSI was more effective in improving predictive property (P < 0.01). According to Cox proportional regression analysis, after adjusting clinical parameters, we confirmed that activin A showed a powerful predictive property for hospital mortality in CAP patients (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION Higher level of serum activin A was associated with poor prognosis of CAP. Activin A can be used as a more valuable biomarker of prognosis in CAP patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Wang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yixing People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing 214200, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yixing People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing 214200, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhou
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yixing People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing 214200, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kan Liu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yixing People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing 214200, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Fen
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yixing People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing 214200, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui Ding
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yixing People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing 214200, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wiley MB, Bauer J, Alvarez V, Mehrotra K, Cheng W, Kolics Z, Giarrizzo M, Ingle K, Bialkowska AB, Jung B. Activin A signaling stimulates neutrophil activation and macrophage migration in pancreatitis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9382. [PMID: 38654064 PMCID: PMC11039671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute Pancreatitis (AP) is associated with high mortality and current treatment options are limited to supportive care. We found that blockade of activin A (activin) in mice improves outcomes in two murine models of AP. To test the hypothesis that activin is produced early in response to pancreatitis and is maintained throughout disease progression to stimulate immune cells, we first performed digital spatial profiling (DSP) of human chronic pancreatitis (CP) patient tissue. Then, transwell migration assays using RAW264.7 mouse macrophages and qPCR analysis of "neutrophil-like" HL-60 cells were used for functional correlation. Immunofluorescence and western blots on cerulein-induced pancreatitis samples from pancreatic acinar cell-specific Kras knock-in (Ptf1aCreER™; LSL-KrasG12D) and functional WT Ptf1aCreER™ mouse lines mimicking AP and CP to allow for in vivo confirmation. Our data suggest activin promotes neutrophil and macrophage activation both in situ and in vitro, while pancreatic activin production is increased as early as 1 h in response to pancreatitis and is maintained throughout CP in vivo. Taken together, activin is produced early in response to pancreatitis and is maintained throughout disease progression to promote neutrophil and macrophage activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Wiley
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jessica Bauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Valentina Alvarez
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kunaal Mehrotra
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Wenxuan Cheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Zoe Kolics
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Michael Giarrizzo
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Komala Ingle
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Agnieszka B Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Barbara Jung
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Neshan M, Tsilimigras DI, Han X, Zhu H, Pawlik TM. Molecular Mechanisms of Cachexia: A Review. Cells 2024; 13:252. [PMID: 38334644 PMCID: PMC10854699 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a condition characterized by substantial loss of body weight resulting from the depletion of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. A considerable fraction of patients with advanced cancer, particularly those who have been diagnosed with pancreatic or gastric cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, or leukemias, are impacted by this condition. This syndrome manifests at all stages of cancer and is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. It heightens the susceptibility to surgical complications, chemotherapy toxicity, functional impairments, breathing difficulties, and fatigue. The early detection of patients with cancer cachexia has the potential to enhance both their quality of life and overall survival rates. Regarding this matter, blood biomarkers, although helpful, possess certain limitations and do not exhibit universal application. Additionally, the available treatment options for cachexia are currently limited, and there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of the underlying molecular pathways associated with this condition. Thus, this review aims to provide an overview of molecular mechanisms associated with cachexia and potential therapeutic targets for the development of effective treatments for this devastating condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Neshan
- Department of General Surgery, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd 8915887857, Iran;
| | - Diamantis I. Tsilimigras
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (D.I.T.); (X.H.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (D.I.T.); (X.H.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (D.I.T.); (X.H.); (H.Z.)
| | - Timothy M. Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (D.I.T.); (X.H.); (H.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tarabeih N, Kalinkovich A, Ashkenazi S, Cherny SS, Shalata A, Livshits G. Relationships between Circulating Biomarkers and Body Composition Parameters in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Community-Based Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:881. [PMID: 38255954 PMCID: PMC10815336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disease involving multiple physiological, biochemical, and metabolic abnormalities. The search for reliable biomarkers may help to better elucidate its pathogenesis and develop new preventive and therapeutic strategies. In the present population-based study, we looked for biomarkers of MetS among obesity- and inflammation-related circulating factors and body composition parameters in 1079 individuals (with age range between 18 and 80) belonging to an ethnically homogeneous population. Plasma levels of soluble markers were measured by using ELISA. Body composition parameters were assessed using bioimpedance analysis (BIA). Statistical analysis, including mixed-effects regression, with MetS as a dependent variable, revealed that the most significant independent variables were mainly adipose tissue-related phenotypes, including fat mass/weight (FM/WT) [OR (95% CI)], 2.77 (2.01-3.81); leptin/adiponectin ratio (L/A ratio), 1.50 (1.23-1.83); growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) levels, 1.32 (1.08-1.62); inflammatory markers, specifically monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR), 2.53 (2.00-3.15), and a few others. Additive Bayesian network modeling suggests that age, sex, MHR, and FM/WT are directly associated with MetS and probably affect its manifestation. Additionally, MetS may be causing the GDF-15 and L/A ratio. Our novel findings suggest the existence of complex, age-related, and possibly hierarchical relationships between MetS and factors associated with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nader Tarabeih
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (N.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Alexander Kalinkovich
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; (A.K.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Shai Ashkenazi
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (N.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Stacey S. Cherny
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; (A.K.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Adel Shalata
- The Simon Winter Institute for Human Genetics, Bnai Zion Medical Center, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel;
| | - Gregory Livshits
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (N.T.); (S.A.)
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; (A.K.); (S.S.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bielka W, Przezak A, Pawlik A. Follistatin and follistatin-like 3 in metabolic disorders. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 169:106785. [PMID: 37739334 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Follistatin (FST) is a glycoprotein which main role is antagonizing activity of transforming growth factor β superfamily members. Folistatin-related proteins such as follistatin-like 3 (FSTL3) also reveal these properties. The exact function of them has still not been established, but it can be bound to the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. So far, there were performed a few studies about their role in type 2 diabetes, obesity or gestational diabetes and even less in type 1 diabetes. The outcomes are contradictory and do not allow to draw exact conclusions. In this article we summarize the available information about connections between follistatin, as well as follistatin-like 3, and metabolic disorders. We also emphasize the strong need of performing further research to explain their exact role, especially in the pathogenesis of diabetes and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Bielka
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Przezak
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zeplin PH. Activin A and Follistatin Serum Concentrations in Breast Augmentation Patients. Plast Surg (Oakv) 2023; 31:377-382. [PMID: 37915344 PMCID: PMC10617457 DOI: 10.1177/22925503211051120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Capsular contracture is caused by an excessive fibrotic reaction similar as observed in other progressive fibrotic disorders. For their pathogenesis, several studies confirmed the importance of activins and follistatin. The aim of this study was to determine and analyze serum levels of Activin A and follistatin in patients with capsular contracture after aesthetic breast augmentation. Methods: The study included 361 female patients who underwent primary aesthetic breast augmentation, came for control examination after breast augmentation or for revision operation because of capsular contracture. Blood samples were taken and using a specific ELISA to determine the serum concentration levels of Activin A and Follistatin. Results: Ninety-six patients (n = 96), who developed a capsular contracture Baker ≥°III and underwent revision surgery were collected (capsular fibrosis group). One-hundred and fourteen patients (n = 114) were asymptomatic for capsular fibrosis Baker ≥°III after primary breast augmentation and 33 (n = 33) of them had developed no capsular fibrosis after more than 10 years (long-term group). For control group, blood samples were taken from 167 patients (n = 167) before primary aesthetic breast augmentation. Serum Activin A levels were significantly higher in the long-term Group compared with those in the capsular fibrosis- and the control groups. Follistatin levels were significantly lower in the capsular fibrosis group compared to the control- and the long-term groups. A small amount of control group patients (n = 16) developed a capsular fibrosis within 2 years after primary breast augmentation with significant lower follistatin levels. Retrospectively, they showed significantly lower serum follistatin levels than the control group even before the onset of capsular contracture. Conclusions: Capsular fibrosis has no effect on Activin A serum levels. In contrast, follistatin serum levels are lower in patients with capsular fibrosis. These results show that besides many other factors, a dysregulation of the Activin-follistatin axis may have importance on the pathogenesis of capsular contracture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip H. Zeplin
- Schlosspark Klinik Ludwigsburg, Privatklinik für Plastische und Ästhetische Chirurgie, Ludwigsburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pant A, Moar K, K Arora T, Maurya PK. Biomarkers of endometriosis. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 549:117563. [PMID: 37739024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is one of the most severe female reproductive disorders, affecting 6-10% of women between 18 and 35. It is a gynaecological condition where endometrial tissue develops and settles outside the uterus. The aetiology of endometriosis is primarily influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and non-genetic variables, making it highly challenging to create a therapeutic therapy explicitly targeting the ectopic tissue. The delay in the treatment is due to the limitations in the diagnostic approaches, which are restricted to invasive techniques such as laparoscopy or laparotomy. This accords to 70% of the women being diagnosed at later stages. By understanding the subject, several treatment medications have been produced to lessen the disease's symptoms. Nevertheless, endometriosis cannot be permanently cured. A viable or persuasive standard screening test for endometriosis must be utilized in a clinical context. A helpful assessment method for the early identification of endometriosis could be biomarkers. A major research priority is the identification of a biomarker that is sensitive and specific enough for detecting endometriosis. The present article has reviewed studies published on the expression of biomarkers of endometriosis. It outlines various biomarkers from different sample types, such as serum/plasma and urine, in addition to tissue. This would provide a non-invasive approach to diagnosing the disease at the initial stages without any harmful repercussions. Future high-throughput advances in science and technology are anticipated to result in the creation of a potent remedy for endometriosis. To achieve successful outcomes, it is necessary to research the discussed biomarkers that demonstrate substantial results extensively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Pant
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, India
| | - Kareena Moar
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, India
| | - Taruna K Arora
- Reproductive Biology and Maternal Child Health Division, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tarabeih N, Kalinkovich A, Shalata A, Higla O, Livshits G. Pro-Inflammatory Biomarkers Combined with Body Composition Display a Strong Association with Knee Osteoarthritis in a Community-Based Study. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1315. [PMID: 37759715 PMCID: PMC10527309 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is one of the most common progressive, age-dependent chronic degenerative joint diseases. KOA often develops as a result of a gradual articular cartilage loss caused by its wear and tear. Numerous studies suggest that the degradation of the knee joint involves inflammatory components. This process is also associated with body composition, particularly being overweight and muscle mass loss. The present study aimed to search for novel circulating KOA inflammatory biomarkers, taking into account body composition characteristics. To this aim, we recruited 98 patients diagnosed and radiologically confirmed with KOA and 519 healthy controls from the Arab community in Israel. A panel of soluble molecules, related to inflammatory, metabolic, and musculoskeletal disorders, was measured by ELISA in plasma samples, while several body composition parameters were assessed with bioimpedance analysis. Statistical analysis, including multivariable logistic regression, revealed a number of the factors significantly associated with KOA, independently of age and sex. The most significant independent associations [OR (95% CI)] were fat body mass/body weight index-1.56 (1.20-2.02), systemic immune-inflammation index-4.03 (2.23-7.27), circulating vaspin levels-1.39 (1.15-1.68), follistatin/FSTL1 ratio-1.32 (1.02-1.70), and activin A/FSTL1 ratio-1.33 (1.01-1.75). Further clinical studies are warranted to confirm the relevance of these KOA-associated biological factors. Hereafter, they could serve as reliable biomarkers for KOA in the general human population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nader Tarabeih
- Department of Morphological Studies, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
| | - Alexander Kalinkovich
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6905126, Israel;
| | - Adel Shalata
- The Simon Winter Institute for Human Genetics, Bnai Zion Medical Center, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel;
| | - Orabi Higla
- Orthopedics Clinic, Clalit, Migdal HaMeah, Tel-Aviv 6203854, Israel;
| | - Gregory Livshits
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6905126, Israel;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Valero-Aracama MJ, Zheng F, Alzheimer C. Dorsal-Ventral Gradient of Activin Regulates Strength of GABAergic Inhibition along Longitudinal Axis of Mouse Hippocampus in an Activity-Dependent Fashion. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13145. [PMID: 37685952 PMCID: PMC10487617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional and neurophysiological distinction between the dorsal and ventral hippocampus affects also GABAergic inhibition. In line with this notion, ventral CA1 pyramidal cells displayed a more dynamic and effective response to inhibitory input compared to their dorsal counterparts. We posit that this difference is effected by the dorsal-ventral gradient of activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor-β family, which is increasingly recognized for its modulatory role in brain regions involved in cognitive functions and affective behavior. Lending credence to this hypothesis, we found that in slices from transgenic mice expressing a dominant-negative mutant of activin receptor IB (dnActRIB), inhibitory transmission was enhanced only in CA1 neurons of the dorsal hippocampus, where the basal activin A level is much higher than in the ventral hippocampus. We next asked how a rise in endogenous activin A would affect GABAergic inhibition along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus. We performed ex vivo recordings in wild-type and dnActRIB mice after overnight exposure to an enriched environment (EE), which engenders a robust increase in activin A levels in both dorsal and ventral hippocampi. Compared to control mice from standard cages, the behaviorally induced surge in activin A produced a decline in ventral inhibition, an effect that was absent in slices from dnActRIB mice. Underscoring the essential role of activin in the EE-associated modulation of ventral inhibition, this effect was mimicked by acute application of recombinant activin A in control slices. In summary, both genetic and behavioral manipulations of activin receptor signaling affected the dorsal-ventral difference in synaptic inhibition, suggesting that activin A regulates the strength of GABAergic inhibition in a region-specific fashion.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wiley MB, Mehrotra K, Bauer J, Yazici C, Bialkowska AB, Jung B. Acute Pancreatitis: Current Clinical Approaches, Molecular Pathophysiology, and Potential Therapeutics. Pancreas 2023; 52:e335-e343. [PMID: 38127317 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), pancreatic inflammation leading to multiorgan failure, is associated with high morbidity and mortality. There is a critical need to identify novel therapeutic strategies to improve clinical outcomes for SAP patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature review was performed to identify current clinical strategies, known molecular pathophysiology, and potential therapeutic targets for SAP. RESULTS Current clinical approaches focus on determining which patients will likely develop SAP. However, therapeutic options are limited to supportive care and fluid resuscitation. The application of a novel 5-cytokine panel accurately predicting disease outcomes in SAP suggests that molecular approaches will improve impact of future clinical trials in AP. CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory outcomes in acute pancreatitis are driven by several unique molecular signals, which compound to promote both local and systemic inflammation. The identification of master cytokine regulators is critical to developing therapeutics, which reduce inflammation through several mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Wiley
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Kunaal Mehrotra
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jessica Bauer
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Cemal Yazici
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Agnieszka B Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Barbara Jung
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hatamzade Esfahani N, Day AS. The Role of TGF-β, Activin and Follistatin in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2023; 5:167-186. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord5020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune-mediated inflammatory condition predominantly affecting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. An increasing prevalence of IBD has been observed globally. The pathogenesis of IBD includes a complex interplay between the intestinal microbiome, diet, genetic factors and immune responses. The consequent imbalance of inflammatory mediators ultimately leads to intestinal mucosal damage and defective repair. Growth factors, given their specific roles in maintaining the homeostasis and integrity of the intestinal epithelium, are of particular interest in the setting of IBD. Furthermore, direct targeting of growth factor signalling pathways involved in the regeneration of the damaged epithelium and the regulation of inflammation could be considered as therapeutic options for individuals with IBD. Several members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily, particularly TGF-β, activin and follistatin, are key candidates as they exhibit various roles in inflammatory processes and contribute to maintenance and homeostasis in the GI tract. This article aimed firstly to review the events involved in the pathogenesis of IBD with particular emphasis on TGF-β, activin and follistatin and secondly to outline the potential role of therapeutic manipulation of these pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew S. Day
- Paediatric Department, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
McMinn PH, Ahmed A, Huttenlocher A, Beebe DJ, Kerr SC. The lymphatic endothelium-derived follistatin: activin A axis regulates neutrophil motility in response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Integr Biol (Camb) 2023; 15:zyad003. [PMID: 36781971 PMCID: PMC10101905 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The lymphatic system plays an active role during infection, however the role of lymphatic-neutrophil interactions in host-defense responses is not well understood. During infection with pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Yersinia pestis, neutrophils traffic from sites of infection through the lymphatic vasculature, to draining lymph nodes to interact with resident lymphocytes. This process is poorly understood, in part, due to the lack of in vitro models of the lymphatic system. Here we use a 3D microscale lymphatic vessel model to examine neutrophil-lymphatic cell interactions during host defense responses to pathogens. In previous work, we have shown that follistatin is secreted at high concentrations by lymphatic endothelial cells during inflammation. Follistatin inhibits activin A, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, and, together, these molecules form a signaling pathway that plays a role in regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses. Although follistatin and activin A are constitutively produced in the pituitary, gonads and skin, their major source in the serum and their effects on neutrophils are poorly understood. Here we report a microfluidic model that includes both blood and lymphatic endothelial vessels, and neutrophils to investigate neutrophil-lymphatic trafficking during infection with P. aeruginosa. We found that lymphatic endothelial cells produce secreted factors that increase neutrophil migration toward P. aeruginosa, and are a significant source of both follistatin and activin A during Pseudomonas infection. We determined that follistatin produced by lymphatic endothelial cells inhibits activin A, resulting in increased neutrophil migration. These data suggest that the follistatin:activin A ratio influences neutrophil trafficking during infection with higher ratios increasing neutrophil migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H McMinn
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Adeel Ahmed
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David J Beebe
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sheena C Kerr
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Washburn RL, Dufour JM. Complementing Testicular Immune Regulation: The Relationship between Sertoli Cells, Complement, and the Immune Response. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043371. [PMID: 36834786 PMCID: PMC9965741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sertoli cells within the testis are instrumental in providing an environment for spermatogenesis and protecting the developing germ cells from detrimental immune responses which could affect fertility. Though these immune responses consist of many immune processes, this review focuses on the understudied complement system. Complement consists of 50+ proteins including regulatory proteins, immune receptors, and a cascade of proteolytic cleavages resulting in target cell destruction. In the testis, Sertoli cells protect the germ cells from autoimmune destruction by creating an immunoregulatory environment. Most studies on Sertoli cells and complement have been conducted in transplantation models, which are effective in studying immune regulation during robust rejection responses. In grafts, Sertoli cells survive activated complement, have decreased deposition of complement fragments, and express many complement inhibitors. Moreover, the grafts have delayed infiltration of immune cells and contain increased infiltration of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells as compared to rejecting grafts. Additionally, anti-sperm antibodies and lymphocyte infiltration have been detected in up to 50% and 30% of infertile testes, respectively. This review seeks to provide an updated overview of the complement system, describe its relationship with immune cells, and explain how Sertoli cells may regulate complement in immunoprotection. Identifying the mechanism Sertoli cells use to protect themselves and germ cells against complement and immune destruction is relevant for male reproduction, autoimmunity, and transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Washburn
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79424, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79424, USA
| | - Jannette M Dufour
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79424, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Evans ET, Horst B, Arend RC, Mythreye K. Evolving roles of activins and inhibins in ovarian cancer pathophysiology. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C428-C437. [PMID: 36622068 PMCID: PMC9902228 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00178.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Activins and inhibins are unique members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family of growth factors, with the ability to exert autocrine, endocrine, and paracrine effects in a wide range of complex physiologic and pathologic processes. Although first isolated within the pituitary, emerging evidence suggests broader influence beyond reproductive development and function. Known roles of activin and inhibin in angiogenesis and immunity along with correlations between gene expression and cancer prognosis suggest potential roles in tumorigenesis. Here, we present a review of the current understanding of the biological role of activins and inhibins as it relates to ovarian cancers, summarizing the underlying signaling mechanisms and physiologic influence, followed by detailing their roles in cancer progression, diagnosis, and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T Evans
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ben Horst
- Department of Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rebecca C Arend
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Karthikeyan Mythreye
- Department of Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Proteins Found in the Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Secretome and Their Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032100. [PMID: 36768435 PMCID: PMC9916912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The cancer secretome comprises factors secreted by tumors, including cytokines, growth factors, proteins from the extracellular matrix (ECM), proteases and protease inhibitors, membrane and extracellular vesicle proteins, peptide hormones, and metabolic proteins. Secreted proteins provide an avenue for communication with other tumor cells and stromal cells, and these in turn promote tumor growth and progression. Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women in the US and worldwide. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by its aggressiveness and its lack of expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2, making it unable to be treated with therapies targeting these protein markers, and leaving patients to rely on standard chemotherapy. In order to develop more effective therapies against TNBC, researchers are searching for targetable molecules specific to TNBC. Proteins in the TNBC secretome are involved in wide-ranging cancer-promoting processes, including tumor growth, angiogenesis, inflammation, the EMT, drug resistance, invasion, and development of the premetastatic niche. In this review, we catalog the currently known proteins in the secretome of TNBC tumors and correlate these secreted molecules with potential therapeutic opportunities to facilitate translational research.
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu G, Qi Y, Wu J, Lin F, Liu Z, Cui X. Follistatin is a crucial chemoattractant for mouse decidualized endometrial stromal cell migration by JNK signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 27:127-140. [PMID: 36528873 PMCID: PMC9806297 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Follistatin (FST) and activin A as gonadal proteins exhibit opposite effects on follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) release from pituitary gland, and activin A-FST system is involved in regulation of decidualization in reproductive biology. However, the roles of FST and activin A in migration of decidualized endometrial stromal cells are not well characterized. In this study, transwell chambers and microfluidic devices were used to assess the effects of FST and activin A on migration of decidualized mouse endometrial stromal cells (d-MESCs). We found that compared with activin A, FST exerted more significant effects on adhesion, wound healing and migration of d-MESCs. Similar results were also seen in the primary cultured decidual stromal cells (DSCs) from uterus of pregnant mouse. Simultaneously, the results revealed that FST increased calcium influx and upregulated the expression levels of the migration-related proteins MMP9 and Ezrin in d-MESCs. In addition, FST increased the level of phosphorylation of JNK in d-MESCs, and JNK inhibitor AS601245 significantly attenuated FST action on inducing migration of d-MESCs. These data suggest that FST, not activin A in activin A-FST system, is a crucial chemoattractant for migration of d-MESCs by JNK signalling to facilitate the successful uterine decidualization and tissue remodelling during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guole Liu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Jiandong Wu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Zhonghui Liu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xueling Cui
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Signaling in Cancer-Induced Cachexia: From Molecular Pathways to the Clinics. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172671. [PMID: 36078078 PMCID: PMC9454487 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a metabolic syndrome consisting of massive loss of muscle mass and function that has a severe impact on the quality of life and survival of cancer patients. Up to 20% of lung cancer patients and up to 80% of pancreatic cancer patients are diagnosed with cachexia, leading to death in 20% of them. The main drivers of cachexia are cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 (MIC-1/GDF15) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). Besides its double-edged role as a tumor suppressor and activator, TGF-β causes muscle loss through myostatin-based signaling, involved in the reduction in protein synthesis and enhanced protein degradation. Additionally, TGF-β induces inhibin and activin, causing weight loss and muscle depletion, while MIC-1/GDF15, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, leads to anorexia and so, indirectly, to muscle wasting, acting on the hypothalamus center. Against this background, the blockade of TGF-β is tested as a potential mechanism to revert cachexia, and antibodies against TGF-β reduced weight and muscle loss in murine models of pancreatic cancer. This article reviews the role of the TGF-β pathway and to a minor extent of other molecules including microRNA in cancer onset and progression with a special focus on their involvement in cachexia, to enlighten whether TGF-β and such other players could be potential targets for therapy.
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang Y, Hamang M, Culver A, Jiang H, Yanum J, Garcia V, Lee J, White E, Kusumanchi P, Chalasani N, Liangpunsakul S, Yaden BC, Dai G. Activin B promotes the initiation and progression of liver fibrosis. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2812-2826. [PMID: 35866567 PMCID: PMC9512478 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of activin B, a transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily cytokine, in liver health and disease is largely unknown. We aimed to investigate whether activin B modulates liver fibrogenesis. Liver and serum activin B, along with its analog activin A, were analyzed in patients with liver fibrosis from different etiologies and in mouse acute and chronic liver injury models. Activin B, activin A, or both was immunologically neutralized in mice with progressive or established carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )-induced liver fibrosis. Hepatic and circulating activin B was increased in human patients with liver fibrosis caused by several liver diseases. In mice, hepatic and circulating activin B exhibited persistent elevation following the onset of several types of liver injury, whereas activin A displayed transient increases. The results revealed a close correlation of activin B with liver injury regardless of etiology and species. Injured hepatocytes produced excessive activin B. Neutralizing activin B largely prevented, as well as improved, CCl4 -induced liver fibrosis, which was augmented by co-neutralizing activin A. Mechanistically, activin B mediated the activation of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and the maintenance of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) expression in injured livers. Moreover, activin B directly induced a profibrotic expression profile in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and stimulated these cells to form a septa structure. Conclusions: We demonstrate that activin B, cooperating with activin A, mediates the activation or expression of JNK, iNOS, and PARP1 and the activation of HSCs, driving the initiation and progression of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Matthew Hamang
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Alexander Culver
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Huaizhou Jiang
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jennifer Yanum
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Veronica Garcia
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Joonyong Lee
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Emily White
- College of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Praveen Kusumanchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Naga Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Benjamin C Yaden
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Guoli Dai
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Washburn RL, Hibler T, Kaur G, Dufour JM. Sertoli Cell Immune Regulation: A Double-Edged Sword. Front Immunol 2022; 13:913502. [PMID: 35757731 PMCID: PMC9218077 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.913502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The testis must create and maintain an immune privileged environment to protect maturing germ cells from autoimmune destruction. The establishment of this protective environment is due, at least in part, to Sertoli cells. Sertoli cells line the seminiferous tubules and form the blood-testis barrier (BTB), a barrier between advanced germ cells and the immune system. The BTB compartmentalizes the germ cells and facilitates the appropriate microenvironment necessary for spermatogenesis. Further, Sertoli cells modulate innate and adaptive immune processes through production of immunoregulatory compounds. Sertoli cells, when transplanted ectopically (outside the testis), can also protect transplanted tissue from the recipient’s immune system and reduce immune complications in autoimmune diseases primarily by immune regulation. These properties make Sertoli cells an attractive candidate for inflammatory disease treatments and cell-based therapies. Conversely, the same properties that protect the germ cells also allow the testis to act as a reservoir site for infections. Interestingly, Sertoli cells also have the ability to mount an antimicrobial response, if necessary, as in the case of infections. This review aims to explore how Sertoli cells act as a double-edged sword to both protect germ cells from an autoimmune response and activate innate and adaptive immune responses to fight off infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Washburn
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Immunology and Infectious Disease Concentration, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Taylor Hibler
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Immunology and Infectious Disease Concentration, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Gurvinder Kaur
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Department of Medical Education, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Jannette M Dufour
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Immunology and Infectious Disease Concentration, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Department of Medical Education, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sears KE, Gullapalli K, Trivedi D, Mihas A, Bukys MA, Jensen J. Controlling neural territory patterning from pluripotency using a systems developmental biology approach. iScience 2022; 25:104133. [PMID: 35434550 PMCID: PMC9010746 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful manufacture of specialized human cells requires process understanding of directed differentiation. Here, we apply high-dimensional Design of Experiments (HD-DoE) methodology to identify critical process parameters (CPPs) that govern neural territory patterning from pluripotency—the first stage toward specification of central nervous system (CNS) cell fates. Using computerized experimental design, 7 developmental signaling pathways were simultaneously perturbed in human pluripotent stem cell culture. Regionally specific genes spanning the anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral axes of the developing embryo were measured after 3 days and mathematical models describing pathway control were developed using regression analysis. High-dimensional models revealed particular combinations of signaling inputs that induce expression profiles consistent with emerging CNS territories and defined CPPs for anterior and posterior neuroectoderm patterning. The results demonstrate the importance of combinatorial control during neural induction and challenge the use of generic neural induction strategies such as dual-SMAD inhibition, when seeking to specify particular lineages from pluripotency. Mathematical models describe pathway control of neuroectoderm marker expression Stage 1 media conditions optimized for regionally specific neuroectoderm in 3 days Optimized conditions are more consistent than dual-SMADi across hiPSC lines
Collapse
|
21
|
Biniwale S, Wijayarathna R, Pleuger C, Bhushan S, Loveland KL, Meinhardt A, Hedger MP. Regulation of macrophage number and gene transcript levels by activin A and its binding protein, follistatin, in the testes of adult mice. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 151:103618. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
22
|
Cook-Mills JM, Averill SH, Lajiness JD. Asthma, allergy and vitamin E: Current and future perspectives. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 179:388-402. [PMID: 34785320 PMCID: PMC9109636 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Asthma and allergic disease result from interactions of environmental exposures and genetics. Vitamin E is one environmental factor that can modify development of allergy early in life and modify responses to allergen after allergen sensitization. Seemingly varied outcomes from vitamin E are consistent with the differential functions of the isoforms of vitamin E. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that the vitamin E isoforms α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol have opposite functions in regulation of allergic inflammation and development of allergic disease, with α-tocopherol having anti-inflammatory functions and γ-tocopherol having pro-inflammatory functions in allergy and asthma. Moreover, global differences in prevalence of asthma by country may be a result, at least in part, of differences in consumption of these two isoforms of tocopherols. It is critical in clinical and animal studies that measurements of the isoforms of tocopherols be determined in vehicles for the treatments, and in the plasma and/or tissues before and after intervention. As allergic inflammation is modifiable by tocopherol isoforms, differential regulation by tocopherol isoforms provide a foundation for development of interventions to improve lung function in disease and raise the possibility of early life dietary interventions to limit the development of lung disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan M Cook-Mills
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Samantha H Averill
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jacquelyn D Lajiness
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
López-Bermudo L, Luque-Sierra A, Maya-Miles D, Gallego-Durán R, Ampuero J, Romero-Gómez M, Berná G, Martín F. Contribution of Liver and Pancreatic Islet Crosstalk to β-Cell Function/Dysfunction in the Presence of Fatty Liver. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:892672. [PMID: 35651973 PMCID: PMC9148952 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.892672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-to-tissue crosstalk regulates organ function, according to growing data. This phenomenon is relevant for pancreatic β-cells and the liver, as both tissues are involved in glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. The ability to fine-tune regulation and adaptive responses is enabled through communication between pancreatic β-cells and the liver. However, the crosstalk between both tissues changes when metabolic dysregulation is present. Factors and cargo from extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by liver and pancreatic β-cells that reach the circulation form the words of this interaction. The molecules released by the liver are called hepatokines and are usually secreted in response to the metabolic state. When hepatokines reach the pancreatic islets several mechanisms are initiated for their protection or damage. In the case of the crosstalk between pancreatic β-cells and the liver, only one factor has been found to date. This protein, pancreatic derived factor (PANDER) has been proposed as a novel linker between insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and could be considered a biomarker for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and T2D. Furthermore, the cargo released by EVs, mainly miRNAs, plays a significant role in this crosstalk. A better knowledge of the crosstalk between liver and pancreatic β-cells is essential to understand both diseases and it could lead to better prevention and new therapeutic options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía López-Bermudo
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University Pablo Olavide, University of Seville, CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amparo Luque-Sierra
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University Pablo Olavide, University of Seville, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Douglas Maya-Miles
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Gallego-Durán
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Ampuero
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Genoveva Berná
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University Pablo Olavide, University of Seville, CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Franz Martín, ; Genoveva Berná,
| | - Franz Martín
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University Pablo Olavide, University of Seville, CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Franz Martín, ; Genoveva Berná,
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vlasov IN, Alieva AK, Novosadova EV, Arsenyeva EL, Rosinskaya AV, Partevian SA, Grivennikov IA, Shadrina MI. Transcriptome Analysis of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Neuronal Progenitor Cells, Derived from Discordant Monozygotic Twins with Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:3478. [PMID: 34943986 PMCID: PMC8700621 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a widespread severe neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by pronounced deficiency of the dopaminergic system and disruption of the function of other neuromodulator systems. Although heritable genetic factors contribute significantly to PD pathogenesis, only a small percentage of sporadic cases of PD can be explained using known genetic risk factors. Due to that, it could be inferred that changes in gene expression could be important for explaining a significant percentage of PD cases. One of the ways to investigate such changes, while minimizing the effect of genetic factors on experiment, are the study of PD discordant monozygotic twins. In the course of the analysis of transcriptome data obtained from IPSC and NPCs, 20 and 1906 differentially expressed genes were identified respectively. We have observed an overexpression of TNF in NPC cultures, derived from twin with PD. Through investigation of gene interactions and gene involvement in biological processes, we have arrived to a hypothesis that TNF could play a crucial role in PD-related changes occurring in NPC derived from twins with PD, and identified INHBA, WNT7A and DKK1 as possible downstream effectors of TNF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan N. Vlasov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre, Kurchatov Institute, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.A.); (E.V.N.); (E.L.A.); (S.A.P.); (I.A.G.); (M.I.S.)
| | - Anelya Kh. Alieva
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre, Kurchatov Institute, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.A.); (E.V.N.); (E.L.A.); (S.A.P.); (I.A.G.); (M.I.S.)
| | - Ekaterina V. Novosadova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre, Kurchatov Institute, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.A.); (E.V.N.); (E.L.A.); (S.A.P.); (I.A.G.); (M.I.S.)
| | - Elena L. Arsenyeva
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre, Kurchatov Institute, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.A.); (E.V.N.); (E.L.A.); (S.A.P.); (I.A.G.); (M.I.S.)
| | - Anna V. Rosinskaya
- State Public Health Institution Primorsk Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1, 57 Aleutskaya St., 690091 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Suzanna A. Partevian
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre, Kurchatov Institute, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.A.); (E.V.N.); (E.L.A.); (S.A.P.); (I.A.G.); (M.I.S.)
| | - Igor A. Grivennikov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre, Kurchatov Institute, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.A.); (E.V.N.); (E.L.A.); (S.A.P.); (I.A.G.); (M.I.S.)
| | - Maria I. Shadrina
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre, Kurchatov Institute, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.A.); (E.V.N.); (E.L.A.); (S.A.P.); (I.A.G.); (M.I.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang H, Zhang P, Chen X, Liu W, Fu Z, Liu M. Activin a inhibits foam cell formation and up-regulates ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression through Alk4-Smad signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Steroids 2021; 174:108887. [PMID: 34237315 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activin A has been reported to play important roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of activin A on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced foam cell formation and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms in murine macrophage-like cell line RAW 264.7. METHODS The effects of activin A on Dil-labeled ox-LDL uptake were examined by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry analysis. The mRNA and protein levels of cholesterol receptors were analyzed by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis, respectively. To investigate whether activin receptor-like kinase 4 (Alk4) is required for activin A-mediated cellular effects, cells were pre-treated with SB-431542. The involvement of Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4 was confirmed by transfection with specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). RESULTS Activin A inhibits ox-ldl-induced foam cell formation and class A scavenger receptors (SR-A) expression, while up-regulates ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ABCG1 expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Pre-treatment with SB-431542 abolished activin A-mediated anti-atherogenic effect. Knockdown of Smad2 reversed activin A-induced inhibition of ox-LDL uptake and SR-A expression. However, knockdown of Smad3 or Smad4 did not have such effect. Meanwhile, knockdown of either Smad2, Smad3 or Smad4 reversed the activin A-induced up-regulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides novel evidence that activin A may exert anti-atherogenic effects through Alk4-Smad signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China; Division of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiahuan Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifang Fu
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Meilin Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Follistatin mediates learning and synaptic plasticity via regulation of Asic4 expression in the hippocampus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2109040118. [PMID: 34544873 PMCID: PMC8488609 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109040118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, which is known to be a heritable trait, is thought to be involved in learning, stress-related anxiety, and antidepressant action. In this study, we map genes influencing adult neurogenesis and identify a candidate gene, follistatin (Fst) for further study. By utilizing a brain-specific knockout and viral vector-mediated gene transfer, we reveal the importance of hippocampal FST in neurogenesis, learning, and synaptic plasticity. From RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, we identify Asic4 as a critical downstream target gene regulated by FST. Our work demonstrates that FST functions in the hippocampus at least in part through regulating Asic4 expression. Overall, we illustrate the role of hippocampal Fst in learning and synaptic plasticity. The biological mechanisms underpinning learning are unclear. Mounting evidence has suggested that adult hippocampal neurogenesis is involved although a causal relationship has not been well defined. Here, using high-resolution genetic mapping of adult neurogenesis, combined with sequencing information, we identify follistatin (Fst) and demonstrate its involvement in learning and adult neurogenesis. We confirmed that brain-specific Fst knockout (KO) mice exhibited decreased hippocampal neurogenesis and demonstrated that FST is critical for learning. Fst KO mice exhibit deficits in spatial learning, working memory, and long-term potentiation (LTP). In contrast, hippocampal overexpression of Fst in KO mice reversed these impairments. By utilizing RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we identified Asic4 as a target gene regulated by FST and show that Asic4 plays a critical role in learning deficits caused by Fst deletion. Long-term overexpression of hippocampal Fst in C57BL/6 wild-type mice alleviates age-related decline in cognition, neurogenesis, and LTP. Collectively, our study reveals the functions for FST in adult neurogenesis and learning behaviors.
Collapse
|
27
|
Potential of Activin B as a Clinical Biomarker in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081189. [PMID: 34439855 PMCID: PMC8394088 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable serum biomarkers are of immense need for diagnostic purposes of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)-a disabling and complex disease for which diagnosis is mainly based on clinical symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate a possible diagnostic potential of activin B by directly comparing 134 cases of ME/CFS with 54 healthy controls. Analyses of human activin B level in plasma samples were performed using a validated human activin B ELISA assay. The results of the study show that activin B levels did not differ statistically significantly between ME/CFS patients and healthy controls (p = 0.6511). No gender or age-related differences in activin B levels were observed in the ME/CFS group and healthy controls. The level of activin B tended to decrease with increasing visual analogue scale score (r = -0.2004; p = 0.5085) nevertheless the results obtained so far does not support the clinical utility of activin B as a biomarker for ME/CFS.
Collapse
|
28
|
Activin A Modulates Inflammation in Acute Pancreatitis and Strongly Predicts Severe Disease Independent of Body Mass Index. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2021; 11:e00152. [PMID: 32358238 PMCID: PMC7263641 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a healthcare challenge with considerable mortality. Treatment is limited to supportive care, highlighting the need to investigate disease drivers and prognostic markers. Activin A is an established mediator of inflammatory responses, and its serum levels correlate with AP severity. We hypothesized that activin A is independent of body mass index (BMI) and is a targetable promoter of the AP inflammatory response.
Collapse
|
29
|
Aldahhan RA, Stanton PG, Ludlow H, de Kretser DM, Hedger MP. Experimental Cryptorchidism Causes Chronic Inflammation and a Progressive Decline in Sertoli Cell and Leydig Cell Function in the Adult Rat Testis. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:2916-2928. [PMID: 34008157 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cryptorchidism causes spermatogenic failure and reduced serum androgen levels, as well as testicular oedema and fibrosis, which are hallmarks of inflammation. However, the role of inflammation and the effects of cryptorchidism on Sertoli cell and Leydig cell function at the molecular level remain ill-defined. Bilateral cryptorchidism was surgically induced in adult rats for 7 and 14 weeks. Testis weights decreased to 40% of normal within 7 weeks, due to loss of all developing spermatogenic cells except spermatogonia, but did not decrease further at 14 weeks. Serum FSH and LH were increased at both time points, consistent with a loss of feedback by inhibin and testosterone. This damage was accompanied by progressive accumulation of interstitial fluid and peritubular fibrosis, and a progressive decline of several critical Sertoli cell genes (Sox9, Inha (inhbin α-subunit), Cldn11 (claudin 11), Gja1 (connexin 43), and Il1a (interleukin-1α)) and the Leydig cell steroidogenic enzymes, Cyp11a1, Hsd3b1, and Hs17b3. Activin B and the activin-binding protein, follistatin, also declined, but the intratesticular concentration of activin A, which is a regulator of inflammatory responses, was largely unaffected at either time point. Expression of genes involved in inflammation (Tnf, Il10, Il1b, Mcp1) and fibrosis (Acta2, Col1a1) were considerably elevated at both time points. These data indicate that induction of experimental cryptorchidism, which causes complete failure of spermatogenesis in the adult rat, also induces chronic testicular inflammation, manifesting in oedema and fibrosis, and a progressive decline of Sertoli and Leydig cell gene expression and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashid A Aldahhan
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2114, Dammam, 31541, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Peter G Stanton
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - David M de Kretser
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark P Hedger
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Llobat L. Pluripotency and Growth Factors in Early Embryonic Development of Mammals: A Comparative Approach. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8050078. [PMID: 34064445 PMCID: PMC8147802 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8050078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of early events in mammalian embryonic development is a complex process. In the early stages, pluripotency, cellular differentiation, and growth should occur at specific times and these events are regulated by different genes that are expressed at specific times and locations. The genes related to pluripotency and cellular differentiation, and growth factors that determine successful embryonic development are different (or differentially expressed) among mammalian species. Some genes are fundamental for controlling pluripotency in some species but less fundamental in others, for example, Oct4 is particularly relevant in bovine early embryonic development, whereas Oct4 inhibition does not affect ovine early embryonic development. In addition, some mechanisms that regulate cellular differentiation do not seem to be clear or evolutionarily conserved. After cellular differentiation, growth factors are relevant in early development, and their effects also differ among species, for example, insulin-like growth factor improves the blastocyst development rate in some species but does not have the same effect in mice. Some growth factors influence genes related to pluripotency, and therefore, their role in early embryo development is not limited to cell growth but could also involve the earliest stages of development. In this review, we summarize the differences among mammalian species regarding the regulation of pluripotency, cellular differentiation, and growth factors in the early stages of embryonic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lola Llobat
- Research Group Microbiological Agents Associated with Animal Reproduction (PROVAGINBIO), Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA) Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Vernerová L, Horváthová V, Kropáčková T, Vokurková M, Klein M, Tomčík M, Oreská S, Špiritović M, Štorkánová H, Heřmánková B, Kubínová K, Kryštůfková O, Mann H, Ukropec J, Ukropcová B, Vencovský J. Alterations in activin A-myostatin-follistatin system associate with disease activity in inflammatory myopathies. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 59:2491-2501. [PMID: 31990347 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the systemic and skeletal muscle levels of atrophy-associated myokines in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) and their association with clinical characteristics of myositis. METHODS A total of 94 IIM patients and 162 healthy controls were recruited. Of those, 20 IIM patients and 28 healthy controls underwent a muscle biopsy. Circulating concentrations of myostatin, follistatin, activin A and TGF-β1 were assessed by ELISA. The expression of myokines and associated genes involved in the myostatin signalling pathway in muscle tissue was determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS We report decreased levels of circulating myostatin (median 1817 vs 2659 pg/ml; P = 0.003) and increased follistatin (1319 vs 1055 pg/ml; P = 0.028) in IIM compared with healthy controls. Activin A levels were also higher in IIM (414 vs 309 pg/ml; P = 0.0005) compared with controls. Myostatin was negatively correlated to muscle disease activity assessed by physician on visual analogue scale (MDA) (r = -0.289, P = 0.015) and positively to manual muscle testing of eight muscles (r = 0.366, P = 0.002). On the other hand, follistatin correlated positively with MDA (r = 0.235, P = 0.047). Gene expression analysis showed higher follistatin (P = 0.003) and myostatin inhibitor follistatin-like 3 protein (FSTL3) (P = 0.008) and lower expression of activin receptor type 1B (ALK4) (P = 0.034), signal transducer SMAD3 (P = 0.023) and atrophy marker atrogin-1 (P = 0.0009) in IIM muscle tissue compared with controls. CONCLUSION This study shows lower myostatin and higher follistatin levels in circulation and attenuated expression of myostatin pathway signalling components in skeletal muscle of patients with myositis, a newly emerging pattern of the activin A-myostatin-follistatin system in muscle wasting diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Vernerová
- Division of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague
| | - Veronika Horváthová
- Division of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague.,Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine
| | - Tereza Kropáčková
- Division of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague.,Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine
| | - Martina Vokurková
- Division of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague
| | - Martin Klein
- Division of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague.,Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine
| | - Michal Tomčík
- Division of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague.,Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine
| | - Sabína Oreská
- Division of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague.,Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine
| | - Maja Špiritović
- Division of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague.,Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Štorkánová
- Division of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague.,Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine
| | - Barbora Heřmánková
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kubínová
- Division of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague.,Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine
| | - Olga Kryštůfková
- Division of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague.,Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine
| | - Heřman Mann
- Division of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague.,Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava
| | - Barbara Ukropcová
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava.,Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jiří Vencovský
- Division of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague.,Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pervin S, Reddy ST, Singh R. Novel Roles of Follistatin/Myostatin in Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling and Adipose Browning: Potential for Therapeutic Intervention in Obesity Related Metabolic Disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:653179. [PMID: 33897620 PMCID: PMC8062757 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.653179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem and a major risk factor for several metabolic conditions including dyslipidemia, diabetes, insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. Obesity develops from chronic imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Stimulation of cellular energy burning process has the potential to dissipate excess calories in the form of heat via the activation of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) in white and brown adipose tissues. Recent studies have shown that activation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway significantly contributes to the development of obesity, and blockade or inhibition is reported to protect from obesity by promoting white adipose browning and increasing mitochondrial biogenesis. Identification of novel compounds that activate beige/brown adipose characteristics to burn surplus calories and reduce excess storage of fat are actively sought in the fight against obesity. In this review, we present recent developments in our understanding of key modulators of TGF-β signaling pathways including follistatin (FST) and myostatin (MST) in regulating adipose browning and brown adipose mass and activity. While MST is a key ligand for TGF-β family, FST can bind and regulate biological activity of several TGF-β superfamily members including activins, bone morphogenic proteins (BMP) and inhibins. Here, we review the literature supporting the critical roles for FST, MST and other proteins in modulating TGF-β signaling to influence beige and brown adipose characteristics. We further review the potential therapeutic utility of FST for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shehla Pervin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Srinivasa T. Reddy
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rajan Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Endocrinology, Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Rajan Singh,
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jiang L, Liu B, Qi Y, Zhu L, Cui X, Liu Z. Antagonistic effects of activin A and TNF-α on the activation of L929 fibroblast cells via Smad3-independent signaling. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20623. [PMID: 33244088 PMCID: PMC7693280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77783-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts play an important role in inflammation and tissue fibrosis. Both activin A and TNF-α can activate immune cells, however, the roles and relationship of them in activating fibroblasts in inflammation remain unclear. Here, this study revealed that TNF-α promoted the release of NO and IL-6 by L929 fibroblast cells, but co-treatment with activin A attenuated these effects. In contrast, activin A induced cell migration and increased the production of tissue fibrosis-related TGF-β1 and fibronectin, while TNF-α inhibited these function changes of L929 cells induced by activin A. Moreover, this study revealed that activin A and TNF-α regulated the activities of L929 cells via ERK1/2/MAPK pathway, rather than Smad3-dependent signaling pathway. Taken together, these data indicate that activin A and TNF-α exert mutually antagonistic effects on regulating fibroblasts activities, and the balance between their action may determine the process and outcome of fibroblasts-mediated inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Jiang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.,Department of General Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Boyang Liu
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.,Department of Scientific Research, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Linru Zhu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Xueling Cui
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Zhonghui Liu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Iyer S, Zhang S, Yucel S, Horn H, Smith SG, Reinhardt F, Hoefsmit E, Assatova B, Casado J, Meinsohn MC, Barrasa MI, Bell GW, Pérez-Villatoro F, Huhtinen K, Hynninen J, Oikkonen J, Galhenage PM, Pathania S, Hammond PT, Neel BG, Farkkila A, Pépin D, Weinberg RA. Genetically Defined Syngeneic Mouse Models of Ovarian Cancer as Tools for the Discovery of Combination Immunotherapy. Cancer Discov 2020; 11:384-407. [PMID: 33158843 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in immuno-oncology, the relationship between tumor genotypes and response to immunotherapy remains poorly understood, particularly in high-grade serous tubo-ovarian carcinomas (HGSC). We developed a series of mouse models that carry genotypes of human HGSCs and grow in syngeneic immunocompetent hosts to address this gap. We transformed murine-fallopian tube epithelial cells to phenocopy homologous recombination-deficient tumors through a combined loss of Trp53, Brca1, Pten, and Nf1 and overexpression of Myc and Trp53 R172H, which was contrasted with an identical model carrying wild-type Brca1. For homologous recombination-proficient tumors, we constructed genotypes combining loss of Trp53 and overexpression of Ccne1, Akt2, and Trp53 R172H, and driven by KRAS G12V or Brd4 or Smarca4 overexpression. These lines form tumors recapitulating human disease, including genotype-driven responses to treatment, and enabled us to identify follistatin as a driver of resistance to checkpoint inhibitors. These data provide proof of concept that our models can identify new immunotherapy targets in HGSC. SIGNIFICANCE: We engineered a panel of murine fallopian tube epithelial cells bearing mutations typical of HGSC and capable of forming tumors in syngeneic immunocompetent hosts. These models recapitulate tumor microenvironments and drug responses characteristic of human disease. In a Ccne1-overexpressing model, immune-checkpoint resistance was driven by follistatin.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 211.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Iyer
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU-Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Simge Yucel
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Heiko Horn
- Stanley Center, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sean G Smith
- Marble Center for Cancer Nanomedicine, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ferenc Reinhardt
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Esmee Hoefsmit
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Julia Casado
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marie-Charlotte Meinsohn
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - George W Bell
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Fernando Pérez-Villatoro
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Huhtinen
- Institute of Biomedicine and FICAN West Cancer Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Hynninen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Oikkonen
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pamoda M Galhenage
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shailja Pathania
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paula T Hammond
- Marble Center for Cancer Nanomedicine, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Benjamin G Neel
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU-Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Anniina Farkkila
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Pépin
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Robert A Weinberg
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts. .,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology Ludwig Center for Molecular Oncology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tumurgan Z, Kanasaki H, Tumurbaatar T, Oride A, Okada H, Hara T, Kyo S. Role of activin, follistatin, and inhibin in the regulation of Kiss-1 gene expression in hypothalamic cell models†. Biol Reprod 2020; 101:405-415. [PMID: 31167231 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptin (encoded by the Kiss-1 gene) in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus governs the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis by regulating pulsatile release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Meanwhile, kisspeptin in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) region has been implicated in estradiol (E2)-induced GnRH surges. Kiss-1-expressing cell model mHypoA-55 exhibits characteristics of Kiss-1 neurons in the ARC region. On the other hand, Kiss-1 expressing mHypoA-50 cells originate from the AVPV region. In the mHypoA-55 ARC cells, activin significantly increased Kiss-1 gene expression. Follistatin alone reduced Kiss-1 expression within these cells. Interestingly, activin-induced Kiss-1 gene expression was completely abolished by follistatin. Inhibin A, but not inhibin B reduced Kiss-1 expression. Activin-increased Kiss-1 expression was also abolished by inhibin A. Pretreatment of the cells with follistatin or inhibin A significantly inhibited kisspeptin- or GnRH-induced Kiss-1 gene expression in mHypoA-55 cells. In contrast, in the mHypoA-50 AVPV cell model, activin, follistatin, and inhibin A did not modulate Kiss-1 gene expression. The subunits that compose activin and inhibin, as well as follistatin were expressed in both mHypoA-55 and mHypoA-50 cells. Expression of inhibin βA and βB subunits and follistatin was much higher in mHypoA-55 ARC cells. Furthermore, we found that expression of the inhibin α subunit and follistatin genes was modulated in the presence of E2 in mHypoA-55 ARC cells. The results of this study suggest that activin, follistatin, and inhibin A within the ARC region participate in the regulation of the HPG axis under the influence of E2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zolzaya Tumurgan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kanasaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Tuvshintugs Tumurbaatar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Aki Oride
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Hiroe Okada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Hara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Satoru Kyo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Voisin A, Saez F, Drevet JR, Guiton R. The epididymal immune balance: a key to preserving male fertility. Asian J Androl 2020; 21:531-539. [PMID: 30924450 PMCID: PMC6859654 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_11_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to 15% of male infertility has an immunological origin, either due to repetitive infections or to autoimmune responses mainly affecting the epididymis, prostate, and testis. Clinical observations and epidemiological data clearly contradict the idea that the testis confers immune protection to the whole male genital tract. As a consequence, the epididymis, in which posttesticular spermatozoa mature and are stored, has raised some interest in recent years when it comes to its immune mechanisms. Indeed, sperm cells are produced at puberty, long after the establishment of self-tolerance, and they possess unique surface proteins that cannot be recognized as self. These are potential targets of the immune system, with the risk of inducing autoantibodies and consequently male infertility. Epididymal immunity is based on a finely tuned equilibrium between efficient immune responses to pathogens and strong tolerance to sperm cells. These processes rely on incompletely described molecules and cell types. This review compiles recent studies focusing on the immune cell types populating the epididymis, and proposes hypothetical models of the organization of epididymal immunity with a special emphasis on the immune response, while also discussing important aspects of the epididymal immune regulation such as tolerance and tumour control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison Voisin
- Team Mechanisms of Posttesticular Infertility, GReD Laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
| | - Fabrice Saez
- Team Mechanisms of Posttesticular Infertility, GReD Laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
| | - Joël R Drevet
- Team Mechanisms of Posttesticular Infertility, GReD Laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
| | - Rachel Guiton
- Team Mechanisms of Posttesticular Infertility, GReD Laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhang Y, Du Y, Song Z, Liu S, Li W, Wang D, Suo J. Profiling of serum metabolites in advanced colon cancer using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:4002-4010. [PMID: 32391103 PMCID: PMC7204625 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis remains a key factor that affects the prognosis of patients with colon cancer. The aim of the present study was to identify and evaluate serum metabolites as biomarkers for the detection of tumor lymph node metastasis and the prediction of patient survival. The present study analyzed the metabolites in the serum of patients with advanced colon cancer both with and without lymph node metastasis. Blood samples from 104 patients with stage T3 colon cancer were collected and analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The metabolites were structurally confirmed with data from the Human Metabolome Database. The association between the serum metabolites and the clinicopathological characteristics and survival time of patients from the present study was analyzed. Overall, 227 different metabolites were identified in the serum of patients with stage T3 colon cancer with or without lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, 17 of these metabolites may potentially distinguish those patients with lymph node metastasis from those patients without. In addition, five factors, including abscisic acid, calcitroic acid and glucosylsphingosine presence in the serum, age and sex, were identified as independent predictors for lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Furthermore, three factors, including abscisic acid, calcitroic acid and glucosylsphingosine presence in the serum were independent predictors for patient survival (P<0.05). In conclusion, the serum levels of abscisic acid, calcitroic-acid and glucosylsphingosine may be considered as potential biomarkers to predict the occurrence of lymph node metastasis and the survival time of patients with colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yechao Du
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zheyu Song
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Suoning Liu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Daguang Wang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jian Suo
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kang YM, Lee SK, Chun YM, Choi YR, Moon SH, Lee HM, Kang HJ. Follistatin Mitigates Myofibroblast Differentiation and Collagen Synthesis of Fibroblasts from Scar Tissue around Injured Flexor Tendons. Yonsei Med J 2020; 61:85-93. [PMID: 31887804 PMCID: PMC6938778 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2020.61.1.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of FST gene on the inhibition of fibrosis in fibroblastic cells from scar tissue around repaired zone II flexor tendons. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry was conducted on fibroblast cells transfected with adenovirus-LacZ (Ad-LacZ) as a marker gene (control), or with adenovirus-FST (Ad-FST) as a therapeutic gene. Fibroblast cultures without adenoviral exposure served as controls. RESULTS Fibroblastic cells transfected with Ad-FST demonstrated significant decrease in collagen type I, MMP-1, MMP2, and α-SMA mRNA expressions compared to those transfected with Ad-LacZ. In addition, fibroblastic cells transfected with Ad-FST exhibited significant decrease in MMP-1, TIMP-1, fibronectin, PAI-1, TRPV4, α-SMA, desmin, and PAX7 protein expressions. CONCLUSION Based on these findings, we conclude that FST may be a novel therapeutic strategy for preventing scar adhesions around repaired tendons by inhibiting fibroblasts from differentiating into myofibroblasts, in addition to producing type I collagen and regulating extracellular matrix turnover via the downregulation of MMP-1 and TIMP-1. FST may also decrease contracture of the scar by inhibiting Ca2+-dependent cell contraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Mi Kang
- BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Keon Lee
- BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Min Chun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Rak Choi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Seong Hwan Moon
- BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwan Mo Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Jung Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Aldahhan RA, Stanton PG, Ludlow H, de Kretser DM, Hedger MP. Acute heat-treatment disrupts inhibin-related protein production and gene expression in the adult rat testis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 498:110546. [PMID: 31422101 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Heat reversibly disrupts spermatogenesis, but the effects on Sertoli cell (SC) function and inhibin/activin-related proteins are less well-defined. Adult rat testis weights decreased by 40% within 2 weeks after heat-treatment (43 °C, 15 min), due to loss of pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids. Coincident effects were reduced SC nuclear volume at one week and >50% reduction in expression of several critical SC genes (Inha, Cld11, Gja1, Tjp1, Cldn3) by 2 weeks. Leydig cell steroidogenic enzymes, Cyp11a1, Hsd3b1, were also reduced. Activin gene expression was unaffected at this time, but expression of the activin-binding protein, follistatin (Fst), increased >2-fold. At 4-8 weeks, coincident with the recovery of spermatocytes and early spermatids, but progressive loss of elongated spermatids, most SC genes had recovered; however, testicular activin A was reduced and activin B increased. At 8 weeks, serum inhibin was decreased and, consequently, serum FSH increased. Crucially, germ cell damage was not associated with a significant inflammatory response. At 14 weeks, most testicular parameters had returned to normal, but testis weights remained slightly reduced. These data indicate that, following acute heat-treatment, expression of several key Sertoli and Leydig cell genes declined in parallel with the initial loss of meiotic germ cells, whereas activins were responsive to the subsequent loss of mature spermatids, leading to an increase in testicular activin B production relative to activin A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashid A Aldahhan
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Peter G Stanton
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - David M de Kretser
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark P Hedger
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Follistatin and Soluble Endoglin Predict 1-Year Nonrelapse Mortality after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2019; 26:606-611. [PMID: 31715306 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Damage-associated angiogenic factors (AFs), including follistatin (FS) and soluble endoglin (sEng), are elevated in circulation at the onset of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We hypothesized that regimen-related tissue injury also might be associated with aberrant AF levels and sought to determine the relevance of these AF on nonrelapse mortality (NRM) in patients with acute GVHD and those without acute GVHD. To test our hypothesis, we analyzed circulating levels of FS, sEng, angiopoietin-2 (Ang2), epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A and B, placental growth factor (PlGF), and soluble VEGF receptor (sVEGFR)-1 and -2, in plasma samples from patients enrolled on Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network (BMT CTN) 0402 (n = 221), which tested GVHD prophylaxis after myeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). We found that the interaction between FS and sEng had an additive effect in their association with 1-year NRM. In multivariate analysis, patients with the highest levels of day +28 FS and sEng had a 14.9-fold greater hazard ratio (HR) of NRM (95% confidence interval, 3.2 to 69.4; P < .01) when compared with low levels of FS and sEng. We validated these findings using an external cohort of patients (n = 106). Pre-HCT measurements of FS and sEng were not associated with NRM, suggesting that elevations in these factors early post-HCT may be consequences of early regimen-related toxicity. Determining the mechanisms responsible for patient-specific vulnerability to treatment toxicities and endothelial damage associated with specific AF elevation may guide interventions to reduce NRM post-HCT.
Collapse
|
41
|
Alhamdow A, Lindh C, Albin M, Gustavsson P, Tinnerberg H, Broberg K. Cardiovascular Disease-Related Serum Proteins in Workers Occupationally Exposed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Toxicol Sci 2019; 171:235-246. [PMID: 31228248 PMCID: PMC6735884 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimney sweeps have higher incidence and mortality of cardiovascular disease (CVD), likely related to their exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). In order to identify underlying mechanisms of PAH-related CVD, we here investigated whether PAH exposure was associated with levels of putative CVD-related proteins in serum among currently working chimney sweeps. We enrolled 116 chimney sweeps and 125 unexposed controls, all nonsmoking male workers from Sweden. We measured monohydroxylated PAH metabolites in urine by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and a panel of 85 proteins in serum using proximity extension assay. Linear regression analysis adjusted for age and body mass index showed that 25 proteins were differentially expressed between chimney sweeps and the controls (p < .05, adjusted for false discovery rate). Of the 25 proteins, follistatin (FS), prointerleukin-16 (IL-16), and heat shock protein beta-1 (HSP 27) showed positive associations with the monohydroxylated metabolites of PAH in a dose-response manner (p < .05). Pathway and gene ontology analyses demonstrated that the differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved in inflammatory response and immunological functions, such as leukocyte migration, cell movement of leukocytes, and adhesion of immune cells. In conclusion, we found a number of putative CVD-related proteins differentially expressed, between PAH-exposed and unexposed individuals, and mainly involved in inflammation and immune function. Our data warrant protective measures to reduce PAH exposure and longitudinal investigations of the protein profile in chimney sweeps and other occupational groups exposed to PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Alhamdow
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Christian Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund 223 63, Sweden
| | - Maria Albin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund 223 63, Sweden
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (CAMM), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm 113 65, Sweden
| | - Per Gustavsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (CAMM), Stockholm County Council, Stockholm 113 65, Sweden
| | - Håkan Tinnerberg
- Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Karin Broberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund 223 63, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ginefra P, Filippi BGH, Donovan P, Bessonnard S, Constam DB. Compartment-Specific Biosensors Reveal a Complementary Subcellular Distribution of Bioactive Furin and PC7. Cell Rep 2019; 22:2176-2189. [PMID: 29466742 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Furin trafficking, and that of related proprotein convertases (PCs), may regulate which substrates are accessible for endoproteolysis, but tools to directly test this hypothesis have been lacking. Here, we develop targeted biosensors that indicate Furin activity in endosomes is 10-fold less inhibited by decanoyl-RVKR-chloromethylketone and enriched >3-fold in endosomes compared to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Endogenous PC7, which resists this inhibitor, was active in distinct vesicles. Only overexpressed PC7 activity reached the cell surface, endosomes, and the TGN. A PLC motif in the cytosolic tail of PC7 was dispensable for endosomal activity, but it was specifically required for TGN recycling and to rescue proActivin-A cleavage in Furin-depleted B16F1 melanoma cells. In sharp contrast, PC7 complemented Furin in cleaving Notch1 independently of PLC-mediated TGN access. Our study provides a proof in principle that compartment-specific biosensors can be used to gain insight into the regulation of PC trafficking and to map the tropism of PC-specific inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Ginefra
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) SV ISREC, Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno G H Filippi
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) SV ISREC, Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Prudence Donovan
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) SV ISREC, Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Bessonnard
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) SV ISREC, Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel B Constam
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) SV ISREC, Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Seachrist DD, Keri RA. The Activin Social Network: Activin, Inhibin, and Follistatin in Breast Development and Cancer. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1097-1110. [PMID: 30874767 PMCID: PMC6475112 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Activins and inhibins are closely related protein heterodimers with a similar tissue distribution; however, these two complexes have opposing functions in development and disease. Both are secreted cytokine hormones, with activin the primary inducer of downstream signaling cascades and inhibin acting as a rheostat that exquisitely governs activin function. Adding to the complexity of activin signaling, follistatin, a highly glycosylated monomeric protein, binds activin with high affinity and restrains downstream pathway activation but through a mechanism distinct from that of inhibin. These three proteins were first identified as key ovarian hormones in the pituitary-gonadal axis that direct the synthesis and secretion of FSH from the pituitary, hence controlling folliculogenesis. Research during the past 30 years has expanded the roles of these proteins, first by discovering the ubiquitous expression of the trio and then by implicating them in a wide array of biological functions. In concert, these three hormones govern tissue development, homeostasis, and disease in multiple organ systems through diverse autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. In the present study, we have reviewed the actions of activin and its biological inhibitors, inhibin, and follistatin, in mammary gland morphogenesis and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darcie D Seachrist
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ruth A Keri
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Division of General Medical Sciences–Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fahmy-Garcia S, Farrell E, Witte-Bouma J, Robbesom-van den Berge I, Suarez M, Mumcuoglu D, Walles H, Kluijtmans SGJM, van der Eerden BCJ, van Osch GJVM, van Leeuwen JPTM, van Driel M. Follistatin Effects in Migration, Vascularization, and Osteogenesis in vitro and Bone Repair in vivo. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:38. [PMID: 30881954 PMCID: PMC6405513 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biomaterials and signaling molecules to induce bone formation is a promising approach in the field of bone tissue engineering. Follistatin (FST) is a glycoprotein able to bind irreversibly to activin A, a protein that has been reported to inhibit bone formation. We investigated the effect of FST in critical processes for bone repair, such as cell recruitment, osteogenesis and vascularization, and ultimately its use for bone tissue engineering. In vitro, FST promoted mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and endothelial cell (EC) migration as well as essential steps in the formation and expansion of the vasculature such as EC tube-formation and sprouting. FST did not enhance osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, but increased committed osteoblast mineralization. In vivo, FST was loaded in an in situ gelling formulation made by alginate and recombinant collagen-based peptide microspheres and implanted in a rat calvarial defect model. Two FST variants (FST288 and FST315) with major differences in their affinity to cell-surface proteoglycans, which may influence their effect upon in vivo bone repair, were tested. In vitro, most of the loaded FST315 was released over 4 weeks, contrary to FST288, which was mostly retained in the biomaterial. However, none of the FST variants improved in vivo bone healing compared to control. These results demonstrate that FST enhances crucial processes needed for bone repair. Further studies need to investigate the optimal FST carrier for bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shorouk Fahmy-Garcia
- Department of Orthopedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eric Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Janneke Witte-Bouma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Melva Suarez
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Julius-Maximillians University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Didem Mumcuoglu
- Department of Orthopedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Fujifilm Manufacturing Europe B.V., Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Heike Walles
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Julius-Maximillians University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Bram C J van der Eerden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gerjo J V M van Osch
- Department of Orthopedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Marjolein van Driel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bloise E, Ciarmela P, Dela Cruz C, Luisi S, Petraglia F, Reis FM. Activin A in Mammalian Physiology. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:739-780. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00002.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Activins are dimeric glycoproteins belonging to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily and resulting from the assembly of two beta subunits, which may also be combined with alpha subunits to form inhibins. Activins were discovered in 1986 following the isolation of inhibins from porcine follicular fluid, and were characterized as ovarian hormones that stimulate follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) release by the pituitary gland. In particular, activin A was shown to be the isoform of greater physiological importance in humans. The current understanding of activin A surpasses the reproductive system and allows its classification as a hormone, a growth factor, and a cytokine. In more than 30 yr of intense research, activin A was localized in female and male reproductive organs but also in other organs and systems as diverse as the brain, liver, lung, bone, and gut. Moreover, its roles include embryonic differentiation, trophoblast invasion of the uterine wall in early pregnancy, and fetal/neonate brain protection in hypoxic conditions. It is now recognized that activin A overexpression may be either cytostatic or mitogenic, depending on the cell type, with important implications for tumor biology. Activin A also regulates bone formation and regeneration, enhances joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, and triggers pathogenic mechanisms in the respiratory system. In this 30-yr review, we analyze the evidence for physiological roles of activin A and the potential use of activin agonists and antagonists as therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrrico Bloise
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecological Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; and Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and
| | - Pasquapina Ciarmela
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecological Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; and Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and
| | - Cynthia Dela Cruz
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecological Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; and Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and
| | - Stefano Luisi
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecological Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; and Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and
| | - Felice Petraglia
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecological Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; and Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and
| | - Fernando M. Reis
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecological Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; and Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pignolo RJ, Wang H, Kaplan FS. Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP): A Segmental Progeroid Syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:908. [PMID: 31998237 PMCID: PMC6966325 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Segmental progeroid syndromes are commonly represented by genetic conditions which recapitulate aspects of physiological aging by similar, disparate, or unknown mechanisms. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic disease caused by mutations in the gene for ACVR1/ALK2 encoding Activin A receptor type I/Activin-like kinase 2, a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor, and results in the formation of extra-skeletal ossification and a constellation of others features, many of which resemble accelerated aging. The median estimated lifespan of individuals with FOP is approximately 56 years of age. Characteristics of precocious aging in FOP include both those that are related to dysregulated BMP signaling as well as those secondary to early immobilization. Progeroid features that may primarily be associated with mutations in ACVR1 include osteoarthritis, hearing loss, alopecia, subcutaneous lipodystrophy, myelination defects, heightened inflammation, menstrual abnormalities, and perhaps nephrolithiasis. Progeroid features that may secondarily be related to immobilization from progressive heterotopic ossification include decreased vital capacity, osteoporosis, fractures, sarcopenia, and predisposition to respiratory infections. Some manifestations of precocious aging may be attributed to both primary and secondary effects of FOP. At the level of lesion formation in FOP, soft tissue injury resulting in hypoxia, cell damage, and inflammation may lead to the accumulation of senescent cells as in aged tissue. Production of Activin A, platelet-derived growth factor, metalloproteinases, interleukin 6, and other inflammatory cytokines as part of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype could conceivably mediate the initial signaling cascade that results in the intense fibroproliferative response as well as the tissue-resident stem cell reprogramming leading up to ectopic endochondral bone formation. Consideration of FOP as a segmental progeroid syndrome offers a unique perspective into potential mechanisms of normal aging and may also provide insight for identification of new targets for therapeutic interventions in FOP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Pignolo
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Physiology-Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
- Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: Robert J. Pignolo
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Physiology-Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
- Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Frederick S. Kaplan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Iskenderian A, Liu N, Deng Q, Huang Y, Shen C, Palmieri K, Crooker R, Lundberg D, Kastrapeli N, Pescatore B, Romashko A, Dumas J, Comeau R, Norton A, Pan J, Rong H, Derakhchan K, Ehmann DE. Myostatin and activin blockade by engineered follistatin results in hypertrophy and improves dystrophic pathology in mdx mouse more than myostatin blockade alone. Skelet Muscle 2018; 8:34. [PMID: 30368252 PMCID: PMC6204036 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-018-0180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myostatin antagonists are being developed as therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy due to their strong hypertrophic effects on skeletal muscle. Engineered follistatin has the potential to combine the hypertrophy of myostatin antagonism with the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of activin A antagonism. METHODS Engineered follistatin was administered to C57BL/6 mice for 4 weeks, and muscle mass and myofiber size was measured. In the mdx model, engineered follistatin was dosed for 12 weeks in two studies comparing to an Fc fusion of the activin IIB receptor or an anti-myostatin antibody. Functional measurements of grip strength and tetanic force were combined with tissue analysis for markers of necrosis, inflammation, and fibrosis to evaluate improvement in dystrophic pathology. RESULTS In wild-type and mdx mice, dose-dependent increases in muscle mass and quadriceps myofiber size were observed for engineered follistatin. In mdx, increases in grip strength and tetanic force were combined with improvements in muscle markers for necrosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Improvements in dystrophic pathology were greater for engineered follistatin than the anti-myostatin antibody. CONCLUSIONS Engineered follistatin generated hypertrophy and anti-fibrotic effects in the mdx model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Iskenderian
- Discovery Therapeutics, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, MA, USA.,Drug Discovery, Shire, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nan Liu
- Discovery Therapeutics, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, MA, USA.,Drug Discovery, Shire, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Qingwei Deng
- Research, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.,Drug Discovery, Shire, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yan Huang
- Discovery Therapeutics, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, MA, USA.,Drug Discovery, Shire, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chuan Shen
- Discovery Therapeutics, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, MA, USA.,Drug Discovery, Shire, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen Palmieri
- Research, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.,Drug Discovery, Shire, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert Crooker
- Research, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.,Drug Discovery, Shire, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dianna Lundberg
- Discovery Therapeutics, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, MA, USA.,Drug Discovery, Shire, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Niksa Kastrapeli
- Discovery Therapeutics, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, MA, USA.,Drug Discovery, Shire, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brian Pescatore
- Discovery Therapeutics, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, MA, USA.,Drug Discovery, Shire, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alla Romashko
- Discovery Therapeutics, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, MA, USA.,Drug Discovery, Shire, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John Dumas
- Discovery Therapeutics, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, MA, USA.,Drug Discovery, Shire, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert Comeau
- Discovery Therapeutics, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, MA, USA.,Drug Discovery, Shire, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Angela Norton
- Discovery Therapeutics, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, MA, USA.,Drug Discovery, Shire, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jing Pan
- Discovery Therapeutics, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, MA, USA.,Drug Discovery, Shire, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Haojing Rong
- Nonclinical Development, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, MA, USA.,Drug Discovery, Shire, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katayoun Derakhchan
- Nonclinical Development, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, MA, USA.,Drug Discovery, Shire, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David E Ehmann
- Research, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA. .,Drug Discovery, Shire, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Systemic Activation of Activin A Signaling Causes Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral Bone Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092490. [PMID: 30142896 PMCID: PMC6163495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The high cardiovascular mortality associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is caused in part by the CKD-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) syndrome. The CKD-MBD consists of skeletal, vascular and cardiac pathology caused by metabolic derangements produced by kidney disease. The prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis resulting from the skeletal component of the CKD-MBD, renal osteodystrophy (ROD), in patients with CKD exceeds that of the general population and is a major public health concern. That CKD is associated with compromised bone health is widely accepted, yet the mechanisms underlying impaired bone metabolism in CKD are not fully understood. Therefore, clarification of the molecular mechanisms by which CKD produces ROD is of crucial significance. We have shown that activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β super family, is an important positive regulator of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis with Smad-mediated signaling being crucial for inducing osteoclast development and function. Recently, we have demonstrated systemic activation of activin receptors and activin A levels in CKD mouse models, such as diabetic CKD and Alport (AL) syndrome. In these CKD mouse models, bone remodeling caused by increased osteoclast numbers and activated osteoclastic bone resorption was observed and treatment with an activin receptor ligand trap repaired CKD-induced-osteoclastic bone resorption and stimulated individual osteoblastic bone formation, irrespective of parathyroid hormone (PTH) elevation. These findings have opened a new field for exploring mechanisms of activin A-enhanced osteoclast formation and function in CKD. Activin A appears to be a strong candidate for CKD-induced high-turnover ROD. Therefore, the treatment with the decoy receptor for activin A might be a good candidate for treatment for CKD-induced osteopenia or osteoporosis, indicating that the new findings from in these studies will lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for CKD-related and osteopenia and osteoporosis in general. In this review, we describe the impact of CKD-induced Smad signaling in osteoclasts, osteoblasts and vascular cells in CKD.
Collapse
|
49
|
Wijayarathna R, de Kretser DM, Meinhardt A, Middendorff R, Ludlow H, Groome NP, Loveland KA, Hedger MP. Activin over-expression in the testis of mice lacking the inhibin α-subunit gene is associated with androgen deficiency and regression of the male reproductive tract. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 470:188-198. [PMID: 29111388 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Regionalised interaction of the activins, follistatin and inhibin was investigated in the male reproductive tract of mice lacking the inhibin α-subunit (Inha-/-). Serum and intratesticular activin B, although not activin A and follistatin, were increased in Inha-/- mice at 25 days of age, but all three proteins were elevated at 56 days. None of these proteins were altered within the epididymis and vas deferens at either age. At 25 days, histology of the epididymis and vas deferens was similar to wild-type. At 56 days, the testis contained extensive somatic cell tumours, leading to Leydig cell regression and testosterone deficiency. The epididymis and vas deferens showed epithelial regression and increased prominence of the interstitial stroma. Immunoregulatory and fibrotic gene expression in the epididymis and vas deferens were unchanged. Thus, absence of the inhibin α-subunit has marginal effects on activins in the epididymis and vas deferens, and regression of these tissues is associated with androgen deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rukmali Wijayarathna
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - David M de Kretser
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andreas Meinhardt
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralf Middendorff
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | - Kate A Loveland
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark P Hedger
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
James RG, Reeves SR, Barrow KA, White MP, Glukhova VA, Haghighi C, Seyoum D, Debley JS. Deficient Follistatin-like 3 Secretion by Asthmatic Airway Epithelium Impairs Fibroblast Regulation and Fibroblast-to-Myofibroblast Transition. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 59:104-113. [PMID: 29394092 PMCID: PMC6039878 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0025oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) from healthy children inhibit human lung fibroblast (HLF) expression of collagen and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT), whereas asthmatic BECs do so less effectively, suggesting that diminished epithelial-derived regulatory factors contribute to airway remodeling. Preliminary data demonstrated that secretion of the activin A inhibitor follistatin-like 3 (FSTL3) by healthy BECs was greater than that by asthmatic BECs. We sought to determine the relative secretion of FSTL3 and activin A by asthmatic and healthy BECs, and whether FSTL3 inhibits FMT. To quantify the abundance of the total proteome FSTL3 and activin A in supernatants of differentiated BEC cultures from healthy children and children with asthma, we performed mass spectrometry and ELISA. HLFs were cocultured with primary BECs and then HLF expression of collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was quantified by qPCR, and FMT was quantified by flow cytometry. Loss-of-function studies were conducted using lentivirus-delivered shRNA. Using mass spectrometry and ELISA results from larger cohorts, we found that FSTL3 concentrations were greater in media conditioned by healthy BECs compared with asthmatic BECs (4,012 vs. 2,553 pg/ml; P = 0.002), and in media conditioned by asthmatic BECs from children with normal lung function relative to those with airflow obstruction (FEV1/FVC ratio < 0.8; n = 9; 3,026 vs. 1,922 pg/ml; P = 0.04). shRNA depletion of FSTL3 in BECs (n = 8) increased HLF collagen I expression by 92% (P = 0.001) and α-SMA expression by 88% (P = 0.02), and increased FMT by flow cytometry in cocultured HLFs, whereas shRNA depletion of activin A (n = 6) resulted in decreased α-SMA (22%; P = 0.01) expression and decreased FMT. Together, these results indicate that deficient FSTL3 expression by asthmatic BECs impairs epithelial regulation of HLFs and FMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard G. James
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Pharmacology, and
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stephen R. Reeves
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kaitlyn A. Barrow
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Maria P. White
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Veronika A. Glukhova
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Candace Haghighi
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Dana Seyoum
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jason S. Debley
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|