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Ghimire S, Hasan MM, Fang XW. Small ubiquitin-like modifiers E3 ligases in plant stress. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP24032. [PMID: 38669463 DOI: 10.1071/fp24032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Plants regularly encounter various environmental stresses such as salt, drought, cold, heat, heavy metals and pathogens, leading to changes in their proteome. Of these, a post-translational modification, SUMOylation is particularly significant for its extensive involvement in regulating various plant molecular processes to counteract these external stressors. Small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMO) protein modification significantly contributes to various plant functions, encompassing growth, development and response to environmental stresses. The SUMO system has a limited number of ligases even in fully sequenced plant genomes but SUMO E3 ligases are pivotal in recognising substrates during the process of SUMOylation. E3 ligases play pivotal roles in numerous biological and developmental processes in plants, including DNA repair, photomorphogenesis, phytohormone signalling and responses to abiotic and biotic stress. A considerable number of targets for E3 ligases are proteins implicated in reactions to abiotic and biotic stressors. This review sheds light on how plants respond to environmental stresses by focusing on recent findings on the role of SUMO E3 ligases, contributing to a better understanding of how plants react at a molecular level to such stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantwana Ghimire
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Md Mahadi Hasan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xiang-Wen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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2
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Tejerina MR, Cabana MJ, Enríquez PA, Benítez-Ahrendts MR, Fonseca MI. Bacterial Strains Isolated from Stingless Bee Workers Inhibit the Growth of Apis mellifera Pathogens. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:106. [PMID: 38418777 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Apis mellifera bees are an important resource for the local economy of various regions in Argentina and the maintenance of natural ecosystems. In recent years, different alternatives have been investigated to avoid the reduction or loss of colonies caused by pathogens and parasites such as Ascosphaera apis, Aspergillus flavus, and Paenibacillus larvae. We focused on bacterial strains isolated from the intestine of native stingless bees, to elucidate their antagonistic effect on diseases of A. mellifera colonies. For this purpose, worker bees of the species Tetragonisca fiebrigi, Plebeia spp., and Scaptotrigona jujuyensis were captured from the entrance to tree hives and transported to the laboratory, where their intestines were extracted. Twenty bacterial colonies were isolated from the intestines, and those capable of inhibiting enterobacteria in vitro and producing organic acids, proteases, and chitinases were selected. Four genera, Levilactobacillus, Acetobacter, Lactiplantibacillus, and Pantoea, were selected and identified by the molecular marker that codes for the 16S rRNA gene. For inhibition assays, cell suspensions and cell-free suspensions were performed. All treatments showed significant antibacterial effects, in comparison with the controls, against P. larvae and antifungal effects against A. apis and A. flavus. However, the mechanisms by which these bacteria inhibit the growth of these pathogens were not studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Raúl Tejerina
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Sanidad Apícola y Meliponícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Alberdi 47, 4600, Jujuy, Argentina.
- Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avenida Bolivia 1239, San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina.
| | - María José Cabana
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Sanidad Apícola y Meliponícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Alberdi 47, 4600, Jujuy, Argentina
| | - Pablo Adrián Enríquez
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Sanidad Apícola y Meliponícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Alberdi 47, 4600, Jujuy, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Rafael Benítez-Ahrendts
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Sanidad Apícola y Meliponícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Alberdi 47, 4600, Jujuy, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avenida Bolivia 1239, San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina
| | - María Isabel Fonseca
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Instituto de Biotecnología "Dra. María Ebe Reca" (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Misiones, Argentina
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Soil-Borne Neosartorya spp.: A Heat-Resistant Fungal Threat to Horticulture and Food Production-An Important Component of the Root-Associated Microbial Community. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021543. [PMID: 36675060 PMCID: PMC9867472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil-borne Neosartorya spp. are the highly resilient sexual reproductive stage (teleomorph) of Aspergillus spp. Fungi of this genus are relevant components of root-associated microbial community, but they can also excrete mycotoxins and exhibit great resistance to high temperatures. Their ascospores easily transfer between soil and crops; thus, Neosartorya poses a danger to horticulture and food production, especially to the postharvest quality of fruits and vegetables. The spores are known to cause spoilage, mainly in raw fruit produce, juices, and pulps, despite undergoing pasteurization. However, these fungi can also participate in carbon transformation and sequestration, as well as plant protection in drought conditions. Many species have been identified and included in the genus, and yet some of them create taxonomical controversy due to their high similarity. This also contributes to Neosartorya spp. being easily mistaken for its anamorph, resulting in uncertain data within many studies. The review discusses also the factors shaping Neosartorya spp.'s resistance to temperature, preservatives, chemicals, and natural plant extracts, as well as presenting novel solutions to problems created by its resilient nature.
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Jiang H, Zhou LJ, Gao HN, Wang XF, Li ZW, Li YY. The transcription factor MdMYB2 influences cold tolerance and anthocyanin accumulation by activating SUMO E3 ligase MdSIZ1 in apple. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:2044-2060. [PMID: 35522008 PMCID: PMC9342976 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Conjugation of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) peptide to target proteins is an important post-translational modification. SAP AND MIZ1 DOMAIN-CONTAINING LIGASE1 (MdSIZ1) is an apple (Malus domestica Borkh). SUMO E3 ligase that mediates sumoylation of its targets during plant growth and development under adverse environmental conditions. However, it is unclear how MdSIZ1 senses the various environmental signals and whether sumoylation is regulated at the transcriptional level. In this study, we analyzed the MdSIZ1 promoter and found that it contained an MYB binding site (MBS) motif that was essential for the response of MdSIZ1 to low temperature (LT) and drought. Subsequently, we used yeast one-hybridization screening to demonstrate that a MYB transcription factor, MdMYB2, directly bound to the MBS motif in the MdSIZ1 promoter. Phenotypic characterization of MdMYB2 and MdSIZ1 suggested that the expression of both MdMYB2 and MdSIZ1 substantially improved cold tolerance in plants. MdMYB2 was induced by LT and further activated the expression of MdSIZ1, thereby promoting the sumoylation of MdMYB1, a key regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple. MdMYB2 promoted anthocyanin accumulation in apple fruits, apple calli, and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) in an MdSIZ1-dependent manner. In addition, the interaction of MdMYB2 and the MdSIZ1 promoter substantially improved plant tolerance to cold stress. Taken together, our findings reveal an important role for transcriptional regulation of sumoylation and provide insights into plant anthocyanin biosynthesis regulation mechanisms and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Huai-Na Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Li
- College of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
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5
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Srivastava M, Srivastava AK, Roy D, Mansi M, Gough C, Bhagat PK, Zhang C, Sadanandom A. The conjugation of SUMO to the transcription factor MYC2 functions in blue light-mediated seedling development in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2892-2906. [PMID: 35567527 PMCID: PMC9338799 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A key function of photoreceptor signaling is the coordinated regulation of a large number of genes to optimize plant growth and development. The basic helix loop helix (bHLH) transcription factor MYC2 is crucial for regulating gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana during development in blue light. Here we demonstrate that blue light induces the SUMOylation of MYC2. Non-SUMOylatable MYC2 is less effective in suppressing blue light-mediated photomorphogenesis than wild-type (WT) MYC2. MYC2 interacts physically with the SUMO proteases SUMO PROTEASE RELATED TO FERTILITY1 (SPF1) and SPF2. Blue light exposure promotes the degradation of SPF1 and SPF2 and enhances the SUMOylation of MYC2. Phenotypic analysis revealed that SPF1/SPF2 function redundantly as positive regulators of blue light-mediated photomorphogenesis. Our data demonstrate that SUMO conjugation does not affect the dimerization of MYC transcription factors but modulates the interaction of MYC2 with its cognate DNA cis-element and with the ubiquitin ligase Plant U-box 10 (PUB10). Finally, we show that non-SUMOylatable MYC2 is less stable and interacts more strongly with PUB10 than the WT. Taken together, we conclude that SUMO functions as a counterpoint to the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of MYC2, thereby enhancing its function in blue light signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dipan Roy
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Mansi Mansi
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Catherine Gough
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | | | - Cunjin Zhang
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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6
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Kurt F, Kurt B, Filiz E, Yildiz K, Akbudak MA. Mitochondrial iron transporter (MIT) gene in potato (Solanum tuberosum): comparative bioinformatics, physiological and expression analyses in response to drought and salinity. Biometals 2022; 35:875-887. [PMID: 35764832 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial iron transporter (MIT) genes are essential for mitochondrial acquisition/import of iron and vital to proper functioning of mitochondria. Unlike other organisms, research on the MITs in plants is limited. The present study provides comparative bioinformatics assays for the potato MIT gene (StMIT) as well as gene expression analyses. The phylogenetic analyses revealed monocots-dicot divergence in MIT proteins and it was also found clade specific motif diversity. In addition, docking analyses indicated that Asp172 and Gly100 residues to be identified as the closest residues binding to ferrous iron. The percentage of structure overlap of the StMIT 3D protein model with Arabidopsis, maize and rice MIT proteins was found between 80.18% and 85.71%. The transcript analyses exhibited that the expression of StMIT was triggered under drought and salinity stresses. The findings of the present study would provide valuable leads for further studies targeting specifically the MIT gene and generally the plant iron metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firat Kurt
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Plant Production and Technologies, Mus Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
| | - Baris Kurt
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Education, Mus Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Filiz
- Department of Crop and Animal Production, Cilimli Vocational School, Duzce University, Cilimli, Duzce, Turkey.
| | - Kubra Yildiz
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - M Aydın Akbudak
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
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7
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Kazerooni EA, Al-Sadi AM, Rashid U, Kim ID, Kang SM, Lee IJ. Salvianolic Acid Modulates Physiological Responses and Stress-Related Genes That Affect Osmotic Stress Tolerance in Glycine max and Zea mays. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:904037. [PMID: 35783988 PMCID: PMC9240475 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.904037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a serious threat worldwide to soybean and maize production. This study was conducted to discern the impact of salvianolic acid treatment on osmotic-stressed soybean (Glycine max L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings from the perspective of physiochemical and molecular reactions. Examination of varied salvianolic acid concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 5, 10, and 25 μM) on soybean and maize seedling growth confirmed that the 0.1 and 1 μM concentrations, respectively, showed an improvement in agronomic traits. Likewise, the investigation ascertained how salvianolic acid application could retrieve osmotic-stressed plants. Soybean and maize seedlings were irrigated with water or 25% PEG for 8 days. The results indicated that salvianolic acid application promoted the survival of the 39-day-old osmotic-stressed soybean and maize plants. The salvianolic acid-treated plants retained high photosynthetic pigments, protein, amino acid, fatty acid, sugar, and antioxidant contents, and demonstrated low hydrogen peroxide and lipid contents under osmotic stress conditions. Gene transcription pattern certified that salvianolic acid application led to an increased expression of GmGOGAT, GmUBC2, ZmpsbA, ZmNAGK, ZmVPP1, and ZmSCE1d genes, and a diminished expression of GmMIPS2, GmSOG1, GmACS, GmCKX, ZmPIS, and ZmNAC48 genes. Together, our results indicate the utility of salvianolic acid to enhance the osmotic endurance of soybean and maize plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ahmed Kazerooni
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Abdullah Mohammed Al-Sadi
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Umer Rashid
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ION2), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kang
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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8
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The Functional Interplay between Ethylene, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Sulfur in Plant Heat Stress Tolerance. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050678. [PMID: 35625606 PMCID: PMC9138313 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants encounter several abiotic stresses, among which heat stress is gaining paramount attention because of the changing climatic conditions. Severe heat stress conspicuously reduces crop productivity through changes in metabolic processes and in growth and development. Ethylene and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are signaling molecules involved in defense against heat stress through modulation of biomolecule synthesis, the antioxidant system, and post-translational modifications. Other compounds containing the essential mineral nutrient sulfur (S) also play pivotal roles in these defense mechanisms. As biosynthesis of ethylene and H2S is connected to the S-assimilation pathway, it is logical to consider the existence of a functional interplay between ethylene, H2S, and S in relation to heat stress tolerance. The present review focuses on the crosstalk between ethylene, H2S, and S to highlight their joint involvement in heat stress tolerance.
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9
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Lai R, Jiang J, Wang J, Du J, Lai J, Yang C. Functional characterization of three maize SIZ/PIAS-type SUMO E3 ligases. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 268:153588. [PMID: 34906794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
SUMOylation is a critical post-translational modification that regulates the nature and activity of protein substrates. The reaction is usually enhanced by a SIZ/PIAS-type of SUMO E3 ligase, but the functions of its homologs in maize have not yet been reported. In this study, we functionally characterized three members of this family of SUMO ligases, ZmSIZ1a, ZmSIZ1b, and ZmSIZ1c, from Zea mays. These maize SIZ1 homologs harbor conserved domains and structures with AtSIZ1, suggesting that they are potential functional SUMO ligases, which is supported by further biochemical data. The expression of these maize SIZ1 genes was detectable ubiquitously in different maize tissues and was usually induced by abiotic stresses. Expression of ZmSIZ1 members complements the leaf developmental defects of the AtSIZ1 mutant, suggesting their conserved function in development regulation. Interestingly, overexpression of ZmSIZ1c, but not ZmSIZ1a or ZmSIZ1b, in the wild-type Arabidopsis resulted in early flowering, implying that these members differ in terms of flowering control. Besides, overexpression of these ZmSIZ1 genes also improved salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. Collectively, our functional characterization of the ZmSIZ1 members provides hints for further investigation on the functions of SUMOylation in the development and stress responses in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqiang Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jieming Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jinju Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jianbin Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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Joo H, Baek W, Lim CW, Lee SC. Post-translational Modifications of bZIP Transcription Factors in Abscisic Acid Signaling and Drought Responses. Curr Genomics 2021; 22:4-15. [PMID: 34045920 PMCID: PMC8142349 DOI: 10.2174/1389202921999201130112116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Under drought stress, plants have developed various mechanisms to survive in the reduced water supply, of which the regulation of stress-related gene expression is responsible for several transcription factors. The basic leucine zippers (bZIPs) are one of the largest and most diverse transcription factor families in plants. Among the 10 Arabidopsis bZIP groups, group A bZIP transcription factors function as a positive or negative regulator in ABA signal transduction and drought stress response. These bZIP transcription factors, which are involved in the drought response, have also been isolated in various plant species such as rice, pepper, potato, and maize. Recent studies have provided substantial evidence that many bZIP transcription factors undergo the post-translational modifications, through which the regulation of their activity or stability affects plant responses to various intracellular or extracellular stimuli. This review aims to address the modulation of the bZIP proteins in ABA signaling and drought responses through phosphorylation, ubiquitination and sumoylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunhee Joo
- Department of Life Science (BK21 Program), Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Woonhee Baek
- Department of Life Science (BK21 Program), Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Woo Lim
- Department of Life Science (BK21 Program), Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Lee
- Department of Life Science (BK21 Program), Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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11
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Zhang CL, Wang GL, Zhang YL, Hu X, Zhou LJ, You CX, Li YY, Hao YJ. Apple SUMO E3 ligase MdSIZ1 facilitates SUMOylation of MdARF8 to regulate lateral root formation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2206-2222. [PMID: 33006771 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modification of proteins mediated by SIZ1, a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase, regulates multiple biological processes in plants. However, its role in the regulation of lateral root formation remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the apple SUMO E3 ligase MdSIZ1 promotes lateral root formation. Using a yeast-two-hybrid (Y2H) system, the auxin response factor MdARF8 was screened out as a protein-protein interaction partner of the SUMO-conjugating E2 enzyme MdSCE1, indicating that MdARF8 may be a substrate for MdSIZ1. The interaction between MdARF8 and MdSCE1 was confirmed by pull-down, Y2H and Co-immunoprecipitation assays. MdSIZ1 enhanced the conjugating enzyme activity of MdSCE1 to form a MdSCE1-MdSIZ1-MdARF8 complex, thereby facilitating SUMO modification. We identified two arginine substitution mutations at K342 and K380 in MdARF8 that blocked MdSIZ1-mediated SUMOylation, indicating that K342 and K380 are the principal SUMOylation sites of the MdARF8 protein. Moreover, MdARF8 promoted lateral root formation in transgenic apple plants, and the phenotype of reduced lateral roots in the Arabidopsis siz1-2 mutant was restored in siz1-2/MdARF8 complementary plants. Our findings reveal an important role for sumoylation in the regulation of lateral root formation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Gui-Luan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Ya-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Li-Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
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12
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Dos Reis MV, Rouhana LV, Sadeque A, Koga L, Clough SJ, Calla B, Paiva PDDO, Korban SS. Genome-wide expression of low temperature response genes in Rosa hybrida L. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 146:238-248. [PMID: 31765955 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to low temperature stress during cold acclimation, a complex process involving changes in physiological and biochemical modifications. The rose serves as a good model to investigate low temperature responses in perennial ornamentals. In this study, a heterologous apple microarray is used to investigate genome-wide expression profiles in Rosa hybrida subjected to low temperature dark treatment. Transcriptome profiles are determined in floral buds at 0h, 2h, and 12h of low temperature treatment (4 °C). It is observed that a total of 134 transcripts are up-regulated and 169 transcripts are down-regulated in response to low temperature. Interestingly, a total of eight up-regulated genes, including those coding for two cytochrome P450 proteins, two ankyrin repeat family proteins, two metal ion binding proteins, and two zinc finger protein-related transcription factors, along with a single down-regulated gene, coding for a dynamin-like protein, are detected. Transcript profiles of 12 genes known to be involved in cold stress response are also validated using qRT-PCR. Furthermore, expression patterns of the AP2/ERF gene family of transcription factors are investigated in both floral buds and leaves. Overall, AP2/ERFs genes are more rapidly induced in leaves than in floral buds. Moreover, differential expression of several AP2/ERF genes are detected earlier in vegetative rather than in reproductive tissues. These findings highlight important roles of various low temperature response genes in mediating cold acclimation, thereby allowing roses to adapt to low temperatures, but without adversely affecting flower bud development and subsequent flowering, while vegetative tissues undergo early adaptation to low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Valquíria Dos Reis
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Laura Vaughn Rouhana
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ahmed Sadeque
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Lucimara Koga
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Steven J Clough
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; USDA-ARS, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Bernanda Calla
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | | | - Schuyler S Korban
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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13
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Wang H, Wang M, Xia Z. The Maize Class-I SUMO Conjugating Enzyme ZmSCE1d Is Involved in Drought Stress Response. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010029. [PMID: 31861556 PMCID: PMC6982253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification of cellular proteins by sumoylation plays a vital role in stress responses of plants. However, the mechanisms underlying the sumoylation’s involvement in stress responses in crop species remain largely unknown. Herein, a maize class-I SUMO conjugating enzyme gene (ZmSCE1d) was identified, whose expression was upregulated upon drought stress. Over-expression of ZmSCE1d in transgenic Arabidopsis plants increased SUMO conjugates and improved drought tolerance. The ZmSCE1d-transgenic plants showed higher antioxidant enzyme activities, but lower reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation upon drought stress. Furthermore, transcripts of several drought-responsive genes were significantly elevated, as revealed by qPCR in the transgenic lines. Taken together, these data have demonstrated that ZmSCE1d overexpression improved drought tolerance likely by regulating sumoylation levels, antioxidant capability, and drought-responsive gene expression in transgenic plants. This study may facilitate our understanding of the mechanisms underlying SCE-mediated sumoylation under drought stress and accelerate genetic improvement of crop plants tolerant to drought stress by manipulating the SUMO system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyan Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Meiping Wang
- Library, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zongliang Xia
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-371-6355-5790
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14
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Perez M, Guerringue Y, Ranty B, Pouzet C, Jauneau A, Robe E, Mazars C, Galaud JP, Aldon D. Specific TCP transcription factors interact with and stabilize PRR2 within different nuclear sub-domains. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 287:110197. [PMID: 31481190 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants possess a large set of transcription factors both involved in the control of plant development or in plant stress responses coordination. We previously identified PRR2, a Pseudo-Response Regulator, as a plant-specific CML-interacting partner. We reported that PRR2 acts as a positive actor of plant defense by regulating the production of antimicrobial compounds. Here, we report new data on the interaction between PRR2 and transcription factors belonging to the Teosinte branched Cycloidea and PCF (TCP) family. TCPs have been described to be involved in plant development and immunity. We evaluated the ability of PRR2 to interact with seven TCPs representative of the different subclades of the family. PRR2 is able to interact with TCP13, TCP15, TCP19 and TCP20 in yeast two-hybrid system and in planta interactions were validated for TCP19 and TCP20. Transient expression in tobacco highlighted that PRR2 protein is more easily detected when co-expressed with TCP19 or TC20. This stabilization is associated with a specific sub-nuclear localization of the complex in Cajal bodies or in nuclear speckles according to the interaction of PRR2 with TCP19 or TCP20 respectively. The interaction between PRR2 and TCP19 or TCP20 would contribute to the biological function in specific nuclear compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Perez
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, INSERM, UPS, Pavillon Baudot, CHU Purpan, Place du Dr Baylac, 31024 Toulouse, France.
| | - Y Guerringue
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.
| | - B Ranty
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - C Pouzet
- Fédération de Recherche FR3450 (Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité), Plateforme Imagerie-Microscopie, CNRS, Université Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - A Jauneau
- Fédération de Recherche FR3450 (Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité), Plateforme Imagerie-Microscopie, CNRS, Université Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - E Robe
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - C Mazars
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - J P Galaud
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - D Aldon
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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15
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Pan W, Wu Y, Xie Q. Regulation of Ubiquitination Is Central to the Phosphate Starvation Response. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:755-769. [PMID: 31176527 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants have developed numerous strategies to overcome the limiting availability of the essential nutrient phosphate in nature. Recent studies reveal that post-translational modification (PTM) by ubiquitination is an important and central regulation mechanism in the plant phosphate starvation response (PSR). Ubiquitination precisely modulates the stability and trafficking of proteins in response to the heterogeneous phosphate supplement. Induction of autophagy provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms under phosphate starvation. In this review, we present and discuss novel findings on the regulation of diverse PSRs through ubiquitination. Resolving these regulation mechanisms will pave the way to improve phosphate acquisition and utilization efficiency in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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16
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Zhou X, Du J, Liu Y, Yang C, Lai J. Functional characterization of DiMMS21, a SUMO ligase from Desmodium intortum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 141:206-214. [PMID: 31176880 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
SUMOylation is an important protein modification that regulates the properties of substrate proteins in a variety of cellular processes. SUMOylation is catalyzed via a cascade of enzymes and is usually stimulated by SUMO E3 ligases. However, the molecular functions and regulatory mechanisms of SUMOylation in forage crops are unknown. Here, we isolated and functionally characterized DiMMS21, a homolog of the Arabidopsis thaliana SUMO ligase AtMMS21, from the forage legume Desmodium intortum. DiMMS21 is expressed ubiquitously in various D. intortum organs and its encoded protein is found in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that DiMMS21 contains a conserved SP-RING domain that is required for its activity. Biochemical evidence supports the notion that this protein is a functional SUMO ligase. When expressed in an Arabidopsis mms21 mutant, DiMMS21 completely rescued the defects in root, leaf, and silique development. The results from cotyledon greening and marker gene expression suggested that DiMMS21 can only partially complements the role of AtMMS21 in abscisic acid (ABA) responses. In summary, we characterized the molecular features of DiMMS21 and uncovered potential roles of this SUMO ligase in development and ABA responses, increasing our understanding on the function of SUMOylation in forage crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jinju Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yiyang Liu
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, China; College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jianbin Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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17
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Wang H, Wang M, Xia Z. Overexpression of a maize SUMO conjugating enzyme gene (ZmSCE1e) increases Sumoylation levels and enhances salt and drought tolerance in transgenic tobacco. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 281:113-121. [PMID: 30824044 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
As an essential regulatory process of post-translational modifications, Sumoylation has been shown to play a central role in stress responses in higher plants. However, the mechanisms underlying the involvement of the Sumoylation in stress responses in crops are largely unknown. In this study, a putative SUMO conjugating enzyme ortholog from Zea mays (ZmSCE1e) was isolated. Sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis showed that ZmSCE1e possesses a central active domain similar to known SCE1 proteins, but is the cereal-specific isoform.The transcript levels of ZmSCE1e were markedly up-regulated by salt or drought stress. Over-expression of ZmSCE1e in tobacco plants increased levels of SUMO conjugates and enhanced their tolerances to salt and drought stresses. ZmSCE1e-transgenic plants showed higher activities of key antioxidant enzymes but lower hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulations under salt or drought stress. Furthermore, expression of several stress defense genes was significantly elevated as revealed by qPCR in the ZmSCE1e-transgenic lines. Together, these data have demonstrated that ZmSCE1e improved salt and drought tolerance likely by modulating Sumoylation levels, antioxidant capability, and stress defense gene expression in transgenic plants. This study may facilitate our understanding of the biological roles of SCE-mediated Sumoylation under stress conditions in higher plants and accelerate genetic improvement of crop plants tolerant to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyan Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Meiping Wang
- Library of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Zongliang Xia
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China.
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18
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Yu M, Meng B, Wang F, He Z, Hu R, Du J, Lai J, Yang C. A SUMO ligase AtMMS21 regulates activity of the 26S proteasome in root development. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 280:314-320. [PMID: 30824010 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The 26S proteasome is a multi-subunit protease controlling most of the cytosolic and nuclear protein turnover, regulating many cellular events in eukaryotes. However, functional modification on this complex remains unclear. Here, we showed a novel mechanism that a SUMO ligase AtMMS21 regulates activity of the 26S proteasome in root development of Arabidopsis. Our in vitro and in vivo data supported that AtMMS21 interacts with RPT2a, a subunit of the 26S proteasome. The mutants of AtMMS21 and RPT2a display similar developmental defect of roots, suggesting their association in this process. In addition, RPT2a is modified by SUMO3, potentially related to AtMMS21. During development, the activity of the 26S proteasome is lower in both mutants of AtMMS21 and RPT2a, compared with that of wild type. Furthermore, the protein level but not the RNA level of RPT2a is decreased in the absence of AtMMS21, implying stability regulation of the proteasome complex through the AtMMS21-RPT2a interaction. Taken together, the current study would improve our understanding on the regulatory mechanism of the 26S proteasome via protein modification in root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Bolun Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Feige Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zhipeng He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Risheng Hu
- Central South Agricultural Experiment Station of China Tobacco, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Jinju Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jianbin Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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19
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Zhang RF, Zhou LJ, Li YY, You CX, Sha GL, Hao YJ. Apple SUMO E3 ligase MdSIZ1 is involved in the response to phosphate deficiency. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 232:216-225. [PMID: 30537609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In plants, SIZ1 regulates abiotic and biotic stress responses by promoting the SUMOylation of proteins. The apple MdSIZ1 protein has conserved domains similar to those of Arabidopsis AtSIZ1. Real-time fluorescent quantitative analysis showed that MdSIZ1 gene expression was induced by phosphate-deficient conditions. In addition, the level of SUMOylation was also significantly increased under these conditions. The MYB transcription factor MdPHR1 might be a target for the SUMO protein, which is a phosphorus starvation-dependent protein. Subsequently, an MdSIZ1 expression vector was constructed and transformed in Arabidopsis mutant siz1-2 and apple callus. The MdSIZ1 transgenic Arabidopsis partially complemented the defect phenotype of siz1-2 under phosphate-deficient conditions. The survival rate, length of primary root, and number or density of lateral roots were similar between the transgenic lines and wild type (WT). Under phosphate-deficient conditions, the SUMO conjugate and fresh weight of the MdSIZ1 transgenic apple callus were improved compared with WT. The MdSIZ1 transgenic apple callus grew under phosphate-deficient conditions, whereas the MdSIZ1 sense apple callus did not. Therefore, MdSIZ1 is involved in the regulation of the phosphate-deficiency response in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Fen Zhang
- Qingdao Academy of Agricultrual science, Qing-Dao, Shandong, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China; MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Li-Jie Zhou
- MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China; MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Guang-Li Sha
- Qingdao Academy of Agricultrual science, Qing-Dao, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China.
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20
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Liu C, Yu H, Li L. SUMO modification of LBD30 by SIZ1 regulates secondary cell wall formation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007928. [PMID: 30657769 PMCID: PMC6355022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of biological processes are regulated by sumoylation, a post-translational modification involving the conjugation of SUMO (Small Ubiquitin-Like Modifier) to protein. In Arabidopsis thaliana, AtSIZ1 encodes a SUMO E3 ligase for SUMO modification. siz1 mutants displayed defective secondary cell walls (SCWs) in inflorescence fiber cells. Such defects were caused by repression of SND1/NST1-mediated transcriptional networks. Yeast two-hybrid assay indicated that SIZ1 interacts with the LBD30 C-terminal domain, which was further confirmed using bimolecular fluorescence complementation and immunoprecipitation. Mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation indicated that SIZ1 mediates SUMO conjugation to LBD30 at the K226 residue. Genes controlling SCW formation were activated by the overexpression of LBD30, but not in the LBD30(K226R) mutant. LBD30 enhancement of SCW formation resulted from upregulation of SND1/NST1-mediated transcriptional networks. This study presents a mechanism by which sumoylation of LBD30, mediated by SIZ1, regulates SCW formation in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hasi Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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21
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Augustine RC, Vierstra RD. SUMOylation: re-wiring the plant nucleus during stress and development. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 45:143-154. [PMID: 30014889 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Conjugation of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) to intracellular proteins provides a dynamic regulatory mechanism that enables plants to rapidly defend against environmental challenges. SUMOylation of mostly nuclear proteins is among the fastest stress responses observed but precisely how this post-translational modification provides stress resilience remains unclear. Here, we describe the plant SUMO system and its expanding target catalog, which implicates this modification in DNA repair, chromatin modification/remodeling, transcriptional activation/repression, epigenetics, and RNA metabolism, with a likely outcome being extensive nuclear re-wiring to withstand stress. In parallel, studies have linked SUMO to developmental programs such as gametogenesis and gene silencing. The accumulating data support the notion that SUMOylation substantially influences the transcriptional and epigenetic landscapes to promote stress tolerance and developmental progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Augustine
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Richard D Vierstra
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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22
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Büttner D. Behind the lines-actions of bacterial type III effector proteins in plant cells. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 40:894-937. [PMID: 28201715 PMCID: PMC5091034 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuw026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenicity of most Gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacteria depends on the type III secretion (T3S) system, which translocates bacterial effector proteins into plant cells. Type III effectors modulate plant cellular pathways to the benefit of the pathogen and promote bacterial multiplication. One major virulence function of type III effectors is the suppression of plant innate immunity, which is triggered upon recognition of pathogen-derived molecular patterns by plant receptor proteins. Type III effectors also interfere with additional plant cellular processes including proteasome-dependent protein degradation, phytohormone signaling, the formation of the cytoskeleton, vesicle transport and gene expression. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the molecular functions of type III effector proteins with known plant target molecules. Furthermore, plant defense strategies for the detection of effector protein activities or effector-triggered alterations in plant targets are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Büttner
- Genetics Department, Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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23
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Cai B, Kong X, Zhong C, Sun S, Zhou XF, Jin YH, Wang Y, Li X, Zhu Z, Jin JB. SUMO E3 Ligases GmSIZ1a and GmSIZ1b regulate vegetative growth in soybean . JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 59:2-14. [PMID: 27762067 PMCID: PMC5248596 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
SIZ1 is a small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase that mediates post-translational SUMO modification of target proteins and thereby regulates developmental processes and hormonal and environmental stress responses in Arabidopsis. However, the role of SUMO E3 ligases in crop plants is largely unknown. Here, we identified and characterized two Glycine max (soybean) SUMO E3 ligases, GmSIZ1a and GmSIZ1b. Expression of GmSIZ1a and GmSIZ1b was induced in response to salicylic acid (SA), heat, and dehydration treatment, but not in response to cold, abscisic acid (ABA), and NaCl treatment. Although GmSIZ1a was expressed at higher levels than GmSIZ1b, both genes encoded proteins with SUMO E3 ligase activity in vivo. Heterologous expression of GmSIZ1a or GmSIZ1b rescued the mutant phenotype of Arabidopsis siz1-2, including dwarfism, constitutively activated expression of pathogen-related genes, and ABA-sensitive seed germination. Simultaneous downregulation of GmSIZ1a and GmSIZ1b (GmSIZ1a/b) using RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene silencing decreased heat shock-induced SUMO conjugation in soybean. Moreover, GmSIZ1RNAi plants exhibited reduced plant height and leaf size. However, unlike Arabidopsis siz1-2 mutant plants, flowering time and SA levels were not significantly altered in GmSIZ1RNAi plants. Taken together, our results indicate that GmSIZ1a and GmSIZ1b mediate SUMO modification and positively regulate vegetative growth in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of BotanyThe Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China
| | - Xiangxiong Kong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of BotanyThe Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China
| | - Chao Zhong
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China
| | - Suli Sun
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China
| | - Xiao Feng Zhou
- Department of Ornamental HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China
| | - Yin Hua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of BotanyThe Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China
| | - Youning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China
| | - Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China
| | - Zhendong Zhu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China
| | - Jing Bo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of BotanyThe Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China
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Kong X, Luo X, Qu GP, Liu P, Jin JB. Arabidopsis SUMO protease ASP1 positively regulates flowering time partially through regulating FLC stability . JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 59:15-29. [PMID: 27925396 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The initiation of flowering is tightly regulated by the endogenous and environment signals, which is crucial for the reproductive success of flowering plants. It is well known that autonomous and vernalization pathways repress transcription of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), a focal floral repressor, but how its protein stability is regulated remains largely unknown. Here, we found that mutations in a novel Arabidopsis SUMO protease 1 (ASP1) resulted in a strong late-flowering phenotype under long-days, but to a lesser extent under short-days. ASP1 localizes in the nucleus and exhibited a SUMO protease activity in vitro and in vivo. The conserved Cys-577 in ASP1 is critical for its enzymatic activity, as well as its physiological function in the regulation of flowering time. Genetic and gene expression analyses demonstrated that ASP1 promotes transcription of positive regulators of flowering, such as FT, SOC1 and FD, and may function in both CO-dependent photoperiod pathway and FLC-dependent pathways. Although the transcription level of FLC was not affected in the loss-of-function asp1 mutant, the protein stability of FLC was increased in the asp1 mutant. Taken together, this study identified a novel bona fide SUMO protease, ASP1, which positively regulates transition to flowering at least partly by repressing FLC protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiong Kong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Gao-Ping Qu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jing Bo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
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Barakate A, Stephens J. An Overview of CRISPR-Based Tools and Their Improvements: New Opportunities in Understanding Plant-Pathogen Interactions for Better Crop Protection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:765. [PMID: 27313592 PMCID: PMC4887484 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Modern omics platforms have made the determination of susceptible/resistance genes feasible in any species generating huge numbers of potential targets for crop protection. However, the efforts to validate these targets have been hampered by the lack of a fast, precise, and efficient gene targeting system in plants. Now, the repurposing of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system has solved this problem. CRISPR/Cas9 is the latest synthetic endonuclease that has revolutionized basic research by allowing facile genome editing in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Gene knockout is now feasible at an unprecedented efficiency with the possibility of multiplexing several targets and even genome-wide mutagenesis screening. In a short time, this powerful tool has been engineered for an array of applications beyond gene editing. Here, we briefly describe the CRISPR/Cas9 system, its recent improvements and applications in gene manipulation and single DNA/RNA molecule analysis. We summarize a few recent tests targeting plant pathogens and discuss further potential applications in pest control and plant-pathogen interactions that will inform plant breeding for crop protection.
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Bhardwaj J, Gangwar I, Panzade G, Shankar R, Yadav SK. Global De Novo Protein-Protein Interactome Elucidates Interactions of Drought-Responsive Proteins in Horse Gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum). J Proteome Res 2016; 15:1794-809. [PMID: 27161830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b01114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the availability of de novo transcriptome of horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum) and recent developments in systems biology studies, the first ever global protein-protein interactome (PPI) map was constructed for this highly drought-tolerant legume. Large-scale studies of PPIs and the constructed database would provide rationale behind the interplay at cascading translational levels for drought stress-adaptive mechanisms in horse gram. Using a bidirectional approach (interolog and domain-based), a high-confidence interactome map and database for horse gram was constructed. Available transcriptomic information for shoot and root tissues of a sensitive (M-191; genotype 1) and a drought-tolerant (M-249; genotype 2) genotype of horse gram was utilized to draw comparative PPI subnetworks under drought stress. High-confidence 6804 interactions were predicted among 1812 proteins covering about one-fourth of the horse gram proteome. The highest number of interactions (33.86%) in horse gram interactome matched with Arabidopsis PPI data. The top five hub nodes mostly included ubiquitin and heat-shock-related proteins. Higher numbers of PPIs were found to be responsive in shoot tissue (416) and root tissue (2228) of genotype 2 compared with shoot tissue (136) and root tissue (579) of genotype 1. Characterization of PPIs using gene ontology analysis revealed that kinase and transferase activities involved in signal transduction, cellular processes, nucleocytoplasmic transport, protein ubiquitination, and localization of molecules were most responsive to drought stress. Hence, these could be framed in stress adaptive mechanisms of horse gram. Being the first legume global PPI map, it would provide new insights into gene and protein regulatory networks for drought stress tolerance mechanisms in horse gram. Information compiled in the form of database (MauPIR) will provide the much needed high-confidence systems biology information for horse gram genes, proteins, and involved processes. This information would ease the effort and increase the efficacy for similar studies on other legumes. Public access is available at http://14.139.59.221/MauPIR/ .
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sudesh Kumar Yadav
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB) , Mohali 160071, Punjab, India
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Lin XL, Niu D, Hu ZL, Kim DH, Jin YH, Cai B, Liu P, Miura K, Yun DJ, Kim WY, Lin R, Jin JB. An Arabidopsis SUMO E3 Ligase, SIZ1, Negatively Regulates Photomorphogenesis by Promoting COP1 Activity. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006016. [PMID: 27128446 PMCID: PMC4851335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
COP1 (CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1), a ubiquitin E3 ligase, is a central negative regulator of photomorphogenesis. However, how COP1 activity is regulated by post-translational modifications remains largely unknown. Here we show that SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) modification enhances COP1 activity. Loss-of-function siz1 mutant seedlings exhibit a weak constitutive photomorphogenic phenotype. SIZ1 physically interacts with COP1 and mediates the sumoylation of COP1. A K193R substitution in COP1 blocks its SUMO modification and reduces COP1 activity in vitro and in planta. Consistently, COP1 activity is reduced in siz1 and the level of HY5, a COP1 target protein, is increased in siz1. Sumoylated COP1 may exhibits higher transubiquitination activity than does non-sumoylated COP1, but SIZ1-mediated SUMO modification does not affect COP1 dimerization, COP1-HY5 interaction, and nuclear accumulation of COP1. Interestingly, prolonged light exposure reduces the sumoylation level of COP1, and COP1 mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of SIZ1. These regulatory mechanisms may maintain the homeostasis of COP1 activity, ensuing proper photomorphogenic development in changing light environment. Our genetic and biochemical studies identify a function for SIZ1 in photomorphogenesis and reveal a novel SUMO-regulated ubiquitin ligase, COP1, in plants. In darkness, the ubiquitin E3 ligase COP1 accumulates in the nucleus and mediates ubiquitination and degradation of positive regulators of photomorphogenesis, such as HY5. In response to light, COP1 activity is reduced to ensure proper photomorphogenic development. However, post-translational modifications that regulate COP1 activity are largely unknown. We have found that the Arabidopsis SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 negatively regulates photomorphogenesis. Genetic and biochemical lines of evidence demonstrate that SIZ1-mediated SUMO modification of COP1 enhances its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, which causes increased ubiquitination and degradation of HY5. In response to the light, sumoylation level of COP1 is decreased, which may also contributes to the reduction of COP1 activity in the light. Moreover, COP1 mediates ubiquitination and 26S proteasome-dependent degradation of SIZ1 and this feedback repression may ensure the moderate levels of COP1 activity. Our study established a post-translational regulatory modular consisting of SIZ1-mediated sumoylation and COP1-mediated ubiquitination that tightly regulate photomorphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - De Niu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Liang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dae Heon Kim
- Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yin Hua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kenji Miura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), PMBBRC & IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), PMBBRC & IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Rongcheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Bo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Kwak JS, Son GH, Kim SI, Song JT, Seo HS. Arabidopsis HIGH PLOIDY2 Sumoylates and Stabilizes Flowering Locus C through Its E3 Ligase Activity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:530. [PMID: 27148346 PMCID: PMC4837325 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Flowering Locus C (FLC), a floral repressor, plays an important role in flowering. The mechanisms regulating FLC gene expression and protein function have been studied extensively; however, post-translational regulation of FLC remains unclear. Here, we identified Arabidopsis HIGH PLOIDY2 (HPY2) as an E3 SUMO ligase for FLC. In vitro and vivo pull-down assays showed that FLC physically interacts with HPY2. In vitro assays showed that the stimulation of FLC sumoylation by HPY2 was dependent on SUMO-activating enzyme E1 and -conjugating enzyme E2, indicating that HPY2 was an E3 SUMO ligase for FLC. In transgenic plants, inducible HPY2 overexpression increased the concentration of FLC, indicating that HPY2 stabilized FLC through direct sumoylation. Flowering time in hpy2-2 mutants was shorter than in wild-type plants under long- and short-day conditions, with a greater effect under short-day conditions, and FLC was downregulated in hpy2-2 mutants. These data indicate that HPY2 regulates FLC function and stability at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels through its E3 SUMO ligase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun S. Kwak
- Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Ga H. Son
- Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Il Kim
- Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Jong T. Song
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
| | - Hak S. Seo
- Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
- Bio-MAX Institute Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hak S. Seo,
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Kim DY, Han YJ, Kim SI, Song JT, Seo HS. Arabidopsis CMT3 activity is positively regulated by AtSIZ1-mediated sumoylation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 239:209-15. [PMID: 26398805 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The activities of mammalian DNA and histone methyltransferases are regulated by post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and sumoylation; however, it is unclear how the activities of these enzymes are regulated at the post-translational level in plants. Here, we demonstrate that the DNA methylation activity of Arabidopsis CHROMOMETHYLASE 3 (CMT3) is positively regulated by the E3 SUMO ligase AtSIZ1. The methylation level of the Arabidopsis genome, including transposons, was significantly lower in the siz1-2 mutant than in wild-type plants. CMT3 was sumoylated by the E3 ligase activity of AtSIZ1 through a direct interaction, and the DNA methyltransferase activity of CMT3 was enhanced by this modification. In addition, the methylation levels of a large number of genes, including the nitrate reductase gene NIA2, were lower in siz1-2 and cmt3 plants than in wild-type plants. Furthermore, the CHG methylation activity of CMT3 was specific for NIA2and not NIA1 (the other nitrate reductase gene in Arabidopsis), indicating that CMT3 selectively regulates the CHG methylation levels of target genes. Taken together, our results indicate that the sumoylation of CMT3 is critical for its role in the control of gene expression and that AtSIZ1 positively controls the epigenetic repression of CMT3-mediated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Youn Kim
- Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jung Han
- Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Il Kim
- Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Tae Song
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Soo Seo
- Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-818, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Liu F, Wang X, Su M, Yu M, Zhang S, Lai J, Yang C, Wang Y. Functional characterization of DnSIZ1, a SIZ/PIAS-type SUMO E3 ligase from Dendrobium. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:225. [PMID: 26376625 PMCID: PMC4574183 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0613-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SUMOylation is an important post-translational modification of eukaryotic proteins that involves the reversible conjugation of a small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) polypeptide to its specific protein substrates, thereby regulating numerous complex cellular processes. The PIAS (protein inhibitor of activated signal transducers and activators of transcription [STAT]) and SIZ (scaffold attachment factor A/B/acinus/PIAS [SAP] and MIZ) proteins are SUMO E3 ligases that modulate SUMO conjugation. The characteristic features and SUMOylation mechanisms of SIZ1 protein in monocotyledon are poorly understood. Here, we examined the functions of a homolog of Arabidopsis SIZ1, a functional SIZ/PIAS-type SUMO E3 ligase from Dendrobium. RESULTS In Dendrobium, the predicted DnSIZ1 protein has domains that are highly conserved among SIZ/PIAS-type proteins. DnSIZ1 is widely expressed in Dendrobium organs and has a up-regulated trend by treatment with cold, high temperature and wounding. The DnSIZ1 protein localizes to the nucleus and shows SUMO E3 ligase activity when expressed in an Escherichia coli reconstitution system. Moreover, ectopic expression of DnSIZ1 in the Arabidopsis siz1-2 mutant partially complements several phenotypes and results in enhanced levels of SUMO conjugates in plants exposed to heat shock conditions. We observed that DnSIZ1 acts as a negative regulator of flowering transition which may be via a vernalization-induced pathway. In addition, ABA-hypersensitivity of siz1-2 seed germination can be partially suppressed by DnSIZ1. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that DnSIZ1 is a functional homolog of the Arabidopsis SIZ1 with SUMO E3 ligase activity and may play an important role in the regulation of Dendrobium stress responses, flowering and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Xiao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Mengying Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Mengyuan Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Shengchun Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Jianbin Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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31
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E3 SUMO ligase AtSIZ1 positively regulates SLY1-mediated GA signalling and plant development. Biochem J 2015; 469:299-314. [PMID: 26008766 DOI: 10.1042/bj20141302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gibberellins affect various plant development processes including germination, cell division and elongation, and flowering. A large number of studies have been carried out to address the molecular mechanisms that mediate gibberellin signalling effects on plant growth. However, such studies have been limited to DELLA protein degradation; the regulatory mechanisms controlling how the stability and function of SLEEPY1 (SLY1), a protein that interacts with target DELLA proteins as components of the Skp, Cullin, F-box (SCF)(SLY1) complex, are modulated at the post-translational level have not been addressed. In the present study, we show that the E3 SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) ligase AtSIZ1 regulates gibberellic acid signalling in Arabidopsis species by sumoylating SLY1. SLY1 was less abundant in siz1-2 mutants than in wild-type plants, but the DELLA protein repressor of ga1-3 (RGA) was more abundant in siz1-2 mutants than in wild-type plants. SLY1 also accumulated to a high level in the SUMO protease mutant esd4. Transgenic sly1-13 mutants over-expressing SLY1 were phenotypically similar to wild-type plants; however, sly1-13 plants over-expressing a mutated mSLY1 protein (K122R, a mutation at the sumoylation site) retained the mutant dwarfing phenotype. Over-expression of SLY1 in sly1-13 mutants resulted in a return of RGA levels to wild-type levels, but RGA accumulated to high levels in mutants over-expressing mSLY1. RGA was clearly detected in Arabidopsis co-expressing AtSIZ1 and mSLY1, but not in plants co-expressing AtSIZ1 and SLY1. In addition, sumoylated SLY1 interacted with RGA and SLY1 sumoylation was significantly increased by GA. Taken together, our results indicate that, in Arabidopsis, AtSIZ1 positively controls GA signalling through SLY1 sumoylation.
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Knobbe AR, Horken KM, Plucinak TM, Balassa E, Cerutti H, Weeks DP. SUMOylation by a stress-specific small ubiquitin-like modifier E2 conjugase is essential for survival of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under stress conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:753-65. [PMID: 25614063 PMCID: PMC4348789 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.256081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modification of proteins by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is required for survival of virtually all eukaryotic organisms. Attachment of SUMO to target proteins is catalyzed by SUMO E2 conjugase. All haploid or diploid eukaryotes studied to date possess a single indispensable SUMO conjugase. We report here the unanticipated isolation of a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (mutant5 [mut5]). in which the previously identified SUMO conjugase gene C. reinhardtii ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme9 (CrUBC9) is deleted. This surprising mutant is viable and unexpectedly, displays a pattern of protein SUMOylation at 25°C that is essentially identical to wild-type cells. However, unlike wild-type cells, mut5 fails to SUMOylate a large set of proteins in response to multiple stress conditions, a failure that results in a markedly reduced tolerance or complete lack of tolerance to these stresses. Restoration of expected stress-induced protein SUMOylation patterns as well as normal stress tolerance phenotypes in mut5 cells complemented with a CrUBC9 gene shows that CrUBC9 is an authentic SUMO conjugase and, more importantly, that SUMOylation is essential for cell survival under stress conditions. The presence of bona fide SUMOylated proteins in the mut5 mutant at 25°C can only be explained by the presence of at least one additional SUMO conjugase in C. reinhardtii, a conjugase tentatively identified as CrUBC3. Together, these results suggest that, unlike all other nonpolyploid eukaryotes, there are at least two distinct and functional SUMO E2 conjugases in C. reinhardtii, with a clear division of labor between the two sets: One (CrUBC9) is involved in essential stress-induced SUMOylations, and one (CrUBC3) is involved in housekeeping SUMOylations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Knobbe
- Department of Biochemistry (A.R.K., K.M.H., T.M.P., D.P.W.) andSchool of Biological Sciences (E.B., H.C.), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Kempton M Horken
- Department of Biochemistry (A.R.K., K.M.H., T.M.P., D.P.W.) andSchool of Biological Sciences (E.B., H.C.), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Thomas M Plucinak
- Department of Biochemistry (A.R.K., K.M.H., T.M.P., D.P.W.) andSchool of Biological Sciences (E.B., H.C.), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Eniko Balassa
- Department of Biochemistry (A.R.K., K.M.H., T.M.P., D.P.W.) andSchool of Biological Sciences (E.B., H.C.), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Heriberto Cerutti
- Department of Biochemistry (A.R.K., K.M.H., T.M.P., D.P.W.) andSchool of Biological Sciences (E.B., H.C.), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Donald P Weeks
- Department of Biochemistry (A.R.K., K.M.H., T.M.P., D.P.W.) andSchool of Biological Sciences (E.B., H.C.), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
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Guerra D, Crosatti C, Khoshro HH, Mastrangelo AM, Mica E, Mazzucotelli E. Post-transcriptional and post-translational regulations of drought and heat response in plants: a spider's web of mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:57. [PMID: 25717333 PMCID: PMC4324062 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Drought and heat tolerance are complex quantitative traits. Moreover, the adaptive significance of some stress-related traits is more related to plant survival than to agronomic performance. A web of regulatory mechanisms fine-tunes the expression of stress-related traits and integrates both environmental and developmental signals. Both post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications contribute substantially to this network with a pivotal regulatory function of the transcriptional changes related to cellular and plant stress response. Alternative splicing and RNA-mediated silencing control the amount of specific transcripts, while ubiquitin and SUMO modify activity, sub-cellular localization and half-life of proteins. Interactions across these modification mechanisms ensure temporally and spatially appropriate patterns of downstream-gene expression. For key molecular components of these regulatory mechanisms, natural genetic diversity exists among genotypes with different behavior in terms of stress tolerance, with effects upon the expression of adaptive morphological and/or physiological target traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Guerra
- Genomics Research Centre, Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Cristina Crosatti
- Genomics Research Centre, Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Hamid H. Khoshro
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - Anna M. Mastrangelo
- Cereal Research Centre, Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Foggia, Italy
| | - Erica Mica
- Genomics Research Centre, Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Mazzucotelli
- Genomics Research Centre, Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Piacenza, Italy
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Bar M, Schuster S, Leibman M, Ezer R, Avni A. The function of EHD2 in endocytosis and defense signaling is affected by SUMO. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 84:509-18. [PMID: 24154852 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modification of target proteins by the small ubiquitin-like modifier protein (SUMO) regulates many cellular processes. SUMOylation has been shown to regulate cellular localization and function of a variety of proteins, in some cases affecting nuclear import or export. We have previously characterized two EHDs (EH domain containing proteins) in Arabidospis and showed their involvement in plant endocytosis. AtEHD2 has an inhibitory effect on endocytosis of transferrin, FM-4-64, and the leucine rich repeat receptor like protein LeEix2, an effect that requires and intact coiled-coil domain. Inhibition of endocytosis of LeEix2 by EHD2 is effective in inhibiting defense responses mediated by the LeEix2 receptor in response to its ligand EIX. In the present work we demonstrate that SUMOylation of EHD2 appears to be required for EHD2-induced inhibition of LeEix2 endocytosis. Indeed, we found that a mutant form of EHD2, possessing a defective SUMOylation site, has an increased nuclear abundance, can no longer be SUMOylated and is no longer effective in inhibiting LeEix2 endocytosis or defense signaling in response to EIX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Bar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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