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Vekariya U, Minakhin L, Chandramouly G, Tyagi M, Kent T, Sullivan-Reed K, Atkins J, Ralph D, Nieborowska-Skorska M, Kukuyan AM, Tang HY, Pomerantz RT, Skorski T. PARG is essential for Polθ-mediated DNA end-joining by removing repressive poly-ADP-ribose marks. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5822. [PMID: 38987289 PMCID: PMC11236980 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA polymerase theta (Polθ)-mediated end-joining (TMEJ) repairs DNA double-strand breaks and confers resistance to genotoxic agents. How Polθ is regulated at the molecular level to exert TMEJ remains poorly characterized. We find that Polθ interacts with and is PARylated by PARP1 in a HPF1-independent manner. PARP1 recruits Polθ to the vicinity of DNA damage via PARylation dependent liquid demixing, however, PARylated Polθ cannot perform TMEJ due to its inability to bind DNA. PARG-mediated de-PARylation of Polθ reactivates its DNA binding and end-joining activities. Consistent with this, PARG is essential for TMEJ and the temporal recruitment of PARG to DNA damage corresponds with TMEJ activation and dissipation of PARP1 and PAR. In conclusion, we show a two-step spatiotemporal mechanism of TMEJ regulation. First, PARP1 PARylates Polθ and facilitates its recruitment to DNA damage sites in an inactivated state. PARG subsequently activates TMEJ by removing repressive PAR marks on Polθ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umeshkumar Vekariya
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Leonid Minakhin
- Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Gurushankar Chandramouly
- Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Mrityunjay Tyagi
- Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Tatiana Kent
- Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Katherine Sullivan-Reed
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Jessica Atkins
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Douglas Ralph
- Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Margaret Nieborowska-Skorska
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Anna-Mariya Kukuyan
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Hsin-Yao Tang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Richard T Pomerantz
- Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| | - Tomasz Skorski
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
- Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
- Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Wu C, Li J, Lu L, Li M, Yuan Y, Li J. OGT and OGA: Sweet guardians of the genome. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107141. [PMID: 38447797 PMCID: PMC10981121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The past 4 decades have witnessed tremendous efforts in deciphering the role of O-GlcNAcylation in a plethora of biological processes. Chemists and biologists have joined hand in hand in the sweet adventure to unravel this unique and universal yet uncharted post-translational modification, and the recent advent of cutting-edge chemical biology and mass spectrometry tools has greatly facilitated the process. Compared with O-GlcNAc, DNA damage response (DDR) is a relatively intensively studied area that could be traced to before the elucidation of the structure of DNA. Unexpectedly, yet somewhat expectedly, O-GlcNAc has been found to regulate various DDR pathways: homologous recombination, nonhomologous end joining, base excision repair, and translesion DNA synthesis. In this review, we first cover the recent structural studies of the O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase, the elegant duo that "writes" and "erases" O-GlcNAc modification. Then we delineate the intricate roles of O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase in DDR. We envision that this is only the beginning of our full appreciation of how O-GlcNAc regulates the blueprint of life-DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China.
| | - Jiaheng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Lingzi Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Non-Clinical Evaluation and Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yanqiu Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Non-Clinical Evaluation and Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.
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Kolade SO, Aina OS, Gordon AT, Hosten EC, Olasupo IA, Ogunlaja AS, Asekun OT, Familoni OB. Synthesis, crystal structure and in-silico evaluation of arylsulfonamide Schiff bases for potential activity against colon cancer. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2024; 80:129-142. [PMID: 38577890 PMCID: PMC10996187 DOI: 10.1107/s205322962400233x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This report presents a comprehensive investigation into the synthesis and characterization of Schiff base compounds derived from benzenesulfonamide. The synthesis process, involved the reaction between N-cycloamino-2-sulfanilamide and various substituted o-salicylaldehydes, resulted in a set of compounds that were subjected to rigorous characterization using advanced spectral techniques, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, an in-depth assessment of the synthesized compounds was conducted through Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity (ADMET) analysis, in conjunction with docking studies, to elucidate their pharmacokinetic profiles and potential. Impressively, the ADMET analysis showcased encouraging drug-likeness properties of the newly synthesized Schiff bases. These computational findings were substantiated by molecular properties derived from density functional theory (DFT) calculations using the B3LYP/6-31G* method within the Jaguar Module of Schrödinger 2023-2 from Maestro (Schrodinger LLC, New York, USA). The exploration of frontier molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO) enabled the computation of global reactivity descriptors (GRDs), encompassing charge separation (Egap) and global softness (S). Notably, within this analysis, one Schiff base, namely, 4-bromo-2-{N-[2-(pyrrolidine-1-sulfonyl)phenyl]carboximidoyl}phenol, 20, emerged with the smallest charge separation (ΔEgap = 3.5780 eV), signifying heightened potential for biological properties. Conversely, 4-bromo-2-{N-[2-(piperidine-1-sulfonyl)phenyl]carboximidoyl}phenol, 17, exhibited the largest charge separation (ΔEgap = 4.9242 eV), implying a relatively lower propensity for biological activity. Moreover, the synthesized Schiff bases displayed remarkeable inhibition of tankyrase poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase enzymes, integral in colon cancer, surpassing the efficacy of a standard drug used for the same purpose. Additionally, their bioavailability scores aligned closely with established medications such as trifluridine and 5-fluorouracil. The exploration of molecular electrostatic potential through colour mapping delved into the electronic behaviour and reactivity tendencies intrinsic to this diverse range of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif O. Kolade
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lagos, Akoka-Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | - Oluwafemi S. Aina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lagos, Akoka-Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Allen T. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | - Eric C. Hosten
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | - Idris A. Olasupo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lagos, Akoka-Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adeniyi S. Ogunlaja
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | - Olayinka T. Asekun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lagos, Akoka-Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
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Farhana F, Sakai E, Koyanagi Y, Yamaguchi Y, Alam MI, Okamoto K, Tsukuba T. Abr, a Rho-regulating protein, modulates osteoclastogenesis by enhancing lamellipodia formation by interacting with poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7557-7569. [PMID: 37507586 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08690-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoclasts are multinucleated bone-resorbing cells formed by the fusion of monocyte/macrophage lineage. During osteoclast differentiation, Rho GTPases are involved in various processes, including cell migration, adhesion, and polarity. However, the role of Rho-regulatory molecules in the regulation of osteoclast differentiation remains unclear. In this study, among these genes, we focused on active breakpoint cluster region-related (Abr) protein that is a multifunctional regulator of Rho GTPases. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined using knockdown and overexpression experiments in RANKL-stimulated RAW-D macrophages whether Abr regulates osteoclast differentiation and cell morphology. We observed an increase in Abr expression during osteoclast differentiation and identified expression of a variant of the Abr gene in osteoclasts. Knockdown of Abr suppressed osteoclast differentiation and resorption. Abr knockdown markedly inhibited the expression of osteoclast markers, such as Nfatc1, c-fos, Src, and Ctsk in osteoclasts. Conversely, overexpression of Abr enhanced the formation of multinucleated osteoclasts, bone resorption activity, and osteoclast marker gene expression. Moreover, Abr overexpression accelerated lamellipodia formation and induced the formation of well-developed actin in osteoclasts. Importantly, the Abr protein interacted with poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) and Rho GTPases, including RhoA, Rac1/2/3, and Cdc42 in osteoclasts. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results indicate that Abr modulates osteoclastogenesis by enhancing lamellipodia formation via its interaction with PARG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Farhana
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Eiko Sakai
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Yu Koyanagi
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Yu Yamaguchi
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Mohammad Ibtehaz Alam
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Okamoto
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tsukuba
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan.
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5
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Sun Y, Shi Y, Liu H, Lv C, Zhang A. The role of poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase in phosphatase and tensin homolog deficiency endometrial cancer. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2023; 49:1244-1254. [PMID: 36759425 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the relationship between poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) and the occurrence, development, and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma (EC), and investigate whether the PARG inhibitor PDD0017273 could increase the sensitivity of EC cells to cisplatin. METHODS The expression of PARG, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and p53 in normal endometrial tissues (NE), endometrial hyperplasia without atypia (EH), atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AH), and EC was detected by immunohistochemistry. AN3CA EC cells with PTEN deficiency were treated with different cisplatin and PDD0017273, alone or in combination. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT method, apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and the expression of PARG in EC cells after treatment with different drugs was detected by western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Expression of PARG in NE, EH, AH, and EC increased gradually. In addition, compared with low PARG expression in PTEN-positive EC, patients who had high PARG expression in PTEN-negative EC had more advanced clinical stages (r = -0.399, p = 0.032) and shorter overall survival time (p = 0.037). A dose of 40 μM PDD0017273 effectively inhibited PARG expression, increased the sensitivity of AN3CA cells to cisplatin. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that PARG overexpression is a promising immunohistochemical marker to predict the occurrence and prognosis of EC. Moreover, PARG inhibition produced antitumor effects and increased the sensitivity of EC cells with PTEN deficiency to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Sun
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunmei Lv
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
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6
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Amé JC, Dantzer F. Purification of Recombinant Human PARG and Activity Assays. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2609:399-418. [PMID: 36515850 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2891-1_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purification of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) from overexpressing bacteria Escherichia coli is described here as a fast and reproducible one chromatographic step protocol. After cell lysis, GST-PARG-fusion proteins from the crude extract are affinity purified by a glutathione 4B sepharose chromatographic step. The PARG proteins are then freed from their GST-fusion by overnight enzymatic cleavage using the preScission protease. As described in the protocol, more than 500 μg of highly active human PARG can be obtained from 1.5 L of E. coli culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Amé
- Groupe Poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation et Intégrité du Génome, UMR7242 du CNRS, École Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg Parc d'innovation, Illkirch Cedex, France.
| | - Françoise Dantzer
- Groupe Poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation et Intégrité du Génome, UMR7242 du CNRS, École Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg Parc d'innovation, Illkirch Cedex, France
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7
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Liu H, Yu H, Yu YY, Bao XX, Zhou JH, Zeng WW, Peng ZQ, Yang Y, Duan N. miRNA and mRNA expression analysis reveals the effects of continuous heat stress on antibacterial responses to Aeromonas hydrophila lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:332-341. [PMID: 36115605 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is the largest economic fish in freshwater culture in China, which is predisposed to infectious diseases under high temperature. Under the background of global warming, the industrialization of the Pearl River Delta region has led to aggravated thermal pollution, which has increasingly serious impacts on the aquatic ecological environment. This will result in more frequent exposure of grass carp to overheated water temperatures. Previous studies have only identified the regulatory genes of fish that respond to pathogens or temperature stress, but the transcriptional response to both is unknown. In this study, the histopathological analysis showed heat stress exacerbated spleen damage induced by Aeromonas hydrophila. The transcriptional responses of the spleens from A. hydrophila lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -injected grass carp undergoing heat stress and at normal temperatures for 6, 24, and 72 h were investigated by mRNA and microRNA sequencing. We identified 28, 20, and 141 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs and 126, 383, and 4841 DE mRNAs between the two groups after 6, 24, and 72 h, respectively. There were 67 DE genes mainly involved in the cytochrome P450 pathway, antioxidant defense, inflammatory response, pathogen recognition pathway, antigen processing and presentation, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system. There were 5 DE miRNAs involved in regulating apoptosis and inflammation. We further verified 17 DE mRNAs and 5 DE miRNAs using quantitative real-time PCR. Based on miRNAs and mRNAs analysis, continuous heat stress will affect the antibacterial responses of grass carp spleens, resulting in aggravation of spleen injury. Together, these results provide data for further understanding of the decreased tolerance of fish to pathogen infection in persistent high-temperature environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528225, China; School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510631, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528225, China
| | - Ying-Ying Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528225, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Bao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528225, China
| | - Jun-Hao Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528225, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528225, China
| | - Zhong-Qin Peng
- GuangDong MaoMing Agriculture and Forestry Techical College, Maoming, Guangdong, 525024, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528225, China.
| | - Ning Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528225, China
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Zheng X, Wang T, Cheng T, Zhao L, Zheng X, Zhu F, Dong C, Xu J, Xie K, Hu Z, Yang L, Diao Y. Genomic variation reveals demographic history and biological adaptation of the ancient relictual, lotus (Nelumbo Adans). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac029. [PMID: 35184169 PMCID: PMC9039500 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Lotus (Nelumbo Adans.), a relict plant, is the testimony of long-term sustained ecological success, but the underlying genetic changes related to its survival strategy remains unclear. Here, we assembled the high-quality lotus genome, investigated genome variation of lotus mutation accumulation (MA) lines and reconstructed the demographic history of wild Asian lotus, respectively. We identified and validated 43 base substitutions fixed in MA lines, implying a spontaneous mutation rate of 1.4 × 10-9 base/generation in lotus shoot stem cells. The past history of lotus revealed that the ancestors of lotus in eastern and southern Asia could be traced back ~20 million years ago (Mya) and experienced twice significant bottlenecks and population splits. We further identified the selected genes among three lotus groups in different habitats, suggesting that 453 genes between tropical and temperate group and 410 genes between two subgroups from Northeastern China and the Yangtze River - Yellow River Basin might play important roles in natural selection in lotus's adaptation and resilience. Our findings not only improve an understanding of the lotus evolutionary history and the genetic basis of its survival advantages, but also provide valuable data for addressing various questions in evolution and protection for the relict plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Lotus Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Guangchang White Lotus Research Institute, Guangchang 344900, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Lotus Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Teng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Lotus Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lingling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Lotus Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xingfei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Lotus Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fenglin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Lotus Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chen Dong
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jinxing Xu
- Guangchang White Lotus Research Institute, Guangchang 344900, China
| | - Keqiang Xie
- Guangchang White Lotus Research Institute, Guangchang 344900, China
| | - Zhongli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Lotus Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Liangbo Yang
- Guangchang White Lotus Research Institute, Guangchang 344900, China
| | - Ying Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Lotus Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Lengyel-Zhanda Z, Puentes LN, Mach RH. PARkinson's: From cellular mechanisms to potential therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 230:107968. [PMID: 34391789 PMCID: PMC8821123 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the progression and mechanisms underlying the onset of Parkinson's disease (PD) has grown enormously in the past few decades. There is growing evidence suggesting that poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) hyperactivation is involved in various neurodegenerative disorders, including PD, and that poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR)-dependent cell death is responsible for neuronal loss. In this review, we discuss the contribution of PARP-1 and PAR in the pathological process of PD. We describe the potential pathways regulated by the enzyme, review clinically relevant PARP-1 inhibitors as potential disease-modifying therapeutics for PD, and outline important factors that need to be considered for repurposing PARP-1 inhibitors for use in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura N. Puentes
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert H. Mach
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Corresponding author at: Vagelos Building, Room 1012, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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10
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Kieffer SR, Lowndes NF. Immediate-Early, Early, and Late Responses to DNA Double Stranded Breaks. Front Genet 2022; 13:793884. [PMID: 35173769 PMCID: PMC8841529 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.793884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss or rearrangement of genetic information can result from incorrect responses to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). The cellular responses to DSBs encompass a range of highly coordinated events designed to detect and respond appropriately to the damage, thereby preserving genomic integrity. In analogy with events occurring during viral infection, we appropriate the terms Immediate-Early, Early, and Late to describe the pre-repair responses to DSBs. A distinguishing feature of the Immediate-Early response is that the large protein condensates that form during the Early and Late response and are resolved upon repair, termed foci, are not visible. The Immediate-Early response encompasses initial lesion sensing, involving poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), KU70/80, and MRN, as well as rapid repair by so-called ‘fast-kinetic’ canonical non-homologous end joining (cNHEJ). Initial binding of PARPs and the KU70/80 complex to breaks appears to be mutually exclusive at easily ligatable DSBs that are repaired efficiently by fast-kinetic cNHEJ; a process that is PARP-, ATM-, 53BP1-, Artemis-, and resection-independent. However, at more complex breaks requiring processing, the Immediate-Early response involving PARPs and the ensuing highly dynamic PARylation (polyADP ribosylation) of many substrates may aid recruitment of both KU70/80 and MRN to DSBs. Complex DSBs rely upon the Early response, largely defined by ATM-dependent focal recruitment of many signalling molecules into large condensates, and regulated by complex chromatin dynamics. Finally, the Late response integrates information from cell cycle phase, chromatin context, and type of DSB to determine appropriate pathway choice. Critical to pathway choice is the recruitment of p53 binding protein 1 (53BP1) and breast cancer associated 1 (BRCA1). However, additional factors recruited throughout the DSB response also impact upon pathway choice, although these remain to be fully characterised. The Late response somehow channels DSBs into the appropriate high-fidelity repair pathway, typically either ‘slow-kinetic’ cNHEJ or homologous recombination (HR). Loss of specific components of the DSB repair machinery results in cells utilising remaining factors to effect repair, but often at the cost of increased mutagenesis. Here we discuss the complex regulation of the Immediate-Early, Early, and Late responses to DSBs proceeding repair itself.
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11
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PARP1 rs1136410 (A/G) polymorphism is associated with early age of onset of gallbladder cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev 2021; 31:311-317. [PMID: 34406176 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluation of the association of PARP1 rs1136410 (A/G) polymorphism with gallbladder cancer susceptibility and its prognosis in the Indian population of eastern Uttar Pradesh and western Bihar. METHODS PARP1 rs1136410 was genotyped by PCR-RFLP and its association with the prognosis of gallbladder cancer patients were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier plot and log-rank tests. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that minor allele G is more frequent in gallbladder cancer patients than controls. The frequencies of minor allele G and GG genotype are significantly associated with increased risk of gallbladder cancer. Our data suggest that the minor allele G and homozygous genotype GG are significant predisposing factors for the early age of onset of gallbladder cancer. Similarly, women patients having AG and GG genotypes demonstrate an increased risk of gallbladder cancer. The risk group genotypes (AG + GG) are significantly more frequent in patients with thick gallbladder wall, with jaundice and with the presence of lymph node than in patients with normal gallbladder wall thickness, without jaundice and absence of lymph node involvement. Survival analysis data suggest that patients with risk group genotype (AG + GG) presenting jaundice have shorter overall survival. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the minor allele G of PARP1 rs1136410 (A/G) is a predisposing factor for gallbladder carcinogenesis and is significantly associated with early onset of the disease. Interestingly, the minor allele G is significantly more frequent in the patients with jaundice, lymph node metastasis and gallbladder wall thickness.
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12
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Kouhpayeh S, Shariati L, Boshtam M, Rahimmanesh I, Mirian M, Esmaeili Y, Najaflu M, Khanahmad N, Zeinalian M, Trovato M, Tay FR, Khanahmad H, Makvandi P. The Molecular Basis of COVID-19 Pathogenesis, Conventional and Nanomedicine Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5438. [PMID: 34064039 PMCID: PMC8196740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In late 2019, a new member of the Coronaviridae family, officially designated as "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2" (SARS-CoV-2), emerged and spread rapidly. The Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) outbreak was accompanied by a high rate of morbidity and mortality worldwide and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Within the Coronaviridae family, SARS-CoV-2 is considered to be the third most highly pathogenic virus that infects humans, following the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Four major mechanisms are thought to be involved in COVID-19 pathogenesis, including the activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) signaling pathway, oxidative stress and cell death, cytokine storm, and endothelial dysfunction. Following virus entry and RAS activation, acute respiratory distress syndrome develops with an oxidative/nitrosative burst. The DNA damage induced by oxidative stress activates poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1), viral macrodomain of non-structural protein 3, poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG), and transient receptor potential melastatin type 2 (TRPM2) channel in a sequential manner which results in cell apoptosis or necrosis. In this review, blockers of angiotensin II receptor and/or PARP, PARG, and TRPM2, including vitamin D3, trehalose, tannins, flufenamic and mefenamic acid, and losartan, have been investigated for inhibiting RAS activation and quenching oxidative burst. Moreover, the application of organic and inorganic nanoparticles, including liposomes, dendrimers, quantum dots, and iron oxides, as therapeutic agents for SARS-CoV-2 were fully reviewed. In the present review, the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are explained by focusing on molecular mechanisms. Potential therapeutic targets, including the RAS signaling pathway, PARP, PARG, and TRPM2, are also discussed in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Kouhpayeh
- Erythron Genetics and Pathobiology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Isfahan 8164776351, Iran;
| | - Laleh Shariati
- Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran;
- Biosensor Research Center, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran;
| | - Maryam Boshtam
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, Iran;
| | - Ilnaz Rahimmanesh
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran;
| | - Mina Mirian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran;
| | - Yasaman Esmaeili
- Biosensor Research Center, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran;
| | - Malihe Najaflu
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran; (M.N.); (M.Z.)
| | - Negar Khanahmad
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 817467346, Iran;
| | - Mehrdad Zeinalian
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran; (M.N.); (M.Z.)
| | - Maria Trovato
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Franklin R Tay
- The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran; (M.N.); (M.Z.)
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Materials Interface, viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pisa, Italy
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13
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Role of Oxidative DNA Damage and Repair in Atrial Fibrillation and Ischemic Heart Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083838. [PMID: 33917194 PMCID: PMC8068079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) represent the two most common clinical cardiac diseases, characterized by angina, arrhythmia, myocardial damage, and cardiac dysfunction, significantly contributing to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and posing a heavy socio-economic burden on society worldwide. Current treatments of these two diseases are mainly symptomatic and lack efficacy. There is thus an urgent need to develop novel therapies based on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Emerging evidence indicates that oxidative DNA damage might be a major underlying mechanism that promotes a variety of cardiac diseases, including AF and IHD. Antioxidants, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) boosters, and enzymes involved in oxidative DNA repair processes have been shown to attenuate oxidative damage to DNA, making them potential therapeutic targets for AF and IHD. In this review, we first summarize the main molecular mechanisms responsible for oxidative DNA damage and repair both in nuclei and mitochondria, then describe the effects of oxidative DNA damage on the development of AF and IHD, and finally discuss potential targets for oxidative DNA repair-based therapeutic approaches for these two cardiac diseases.
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14
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Zhu P, Chen S, Zhang W, Duan G, Jin Y. Essential Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Enterovirus Infection: From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062904. [PMID: 33809362 PMCID: PMC7999384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs) are common RNA viruses that can cause various types of human diseases and conditions such as hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), myocarditis, meningitis, sepsis, and respiratory disorders. Although EV infections in most patients are generally mild and self-limiting, a small number of young children can develop serious complications such as encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, myocarditis, and cardiorespiratory failure, resulting in fatalities. Established evidence has suggested that certain non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the occurrence and progression of many human diseases. Recently, the involvement of ncRNAs in the course of EV infection has been reported. Herein, the authors focus on recent advances in the understanding of ncRNAs in EV infection from basic viral pathogenesis to clinical prospects, providing a reference basis and new ideas for disease prevention and research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Z.); (S.C.); (W.Z.); (G.D.)
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Z.); (S.C.); (W.Z.); (G.D.)
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Z.); (S.C.); (W.Z.); (G.D.)
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Guangcai Duan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Z.); (S.C.); (W.Z.); (G.D.)
| | - Yuefei Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Z.); (S.C.); (W.Z.); (G.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0371-67781453
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15
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Goli M. Review of novel human β-coronavirus (2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2) from the food industry perspective-Appropriate approaches to food production technology. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:5228-5237. [PMID: 33042532 PMCID: PMC7537128 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses, enveloped nonsegmented positive-sense RNA viruses, can affect the respiratory and digestive systems of humans and a variety of birds and mammals. The primary target cells of coronaviruses compromise the respiratory and gastrointestinal region epithelial cells due to their cell features and delivery through fomites, airborne, or fecal-oral routes. Some functional food sources due to having crucial chemical compounds may help individuals to overcome this infection by modulating the body's immune system, generating antiviral activity against the infection, and reducing other respiratory problems. The purpose of this study was to review these coronaviruses, especially SARS (because of its very similar gene sequence to the 2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2), from the perspective of appropriate approaches to food production technology, including following good food safety practices in food production lines; avoidance of underheating in the processing of swine and the other meat products; uncertainty about the safety of frozen or refrigerated meat products; providing unfavorable environmental conditions for coronavirus survival (minimum heat treatment, e.g., low-temperature long time and greater for liquid food products, pH ≤ 3, minimum storage relative humidity); production of industrial foods fortified and enriched with vitamin D, C, B3, K, amino acid L-tryptophan, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), and tannins; and preventing the production of industrial foods fortified or enriched with mineral supplements that participate in the Fenton reaction in the human body. Considering these aspects during times and places of coronavirus, prevalence will be essential for preventing further outbreaks at the community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Goli
- Department of food science and technologyIsfahan (Khorasgan) BranchIslamic Azad UniversityIsfahanIran
- Laser and Biophotonics in Biotechnologies Research centerIsfahan (Khorasgan) BranchIslamic Azad UniversityIsfahanIran
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16
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Xu W, Li L, Zhang L. NAD + Metabolism as an Emerging Therapeutic Target for Cardiovascular Diseases Associated With Sudden Cardiac Death. Front Physiol 2020; 11:901. [PMID: 32903597 PMCID: PMC7438569 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to its central role in mediating oxidation reduction in fuel metabolism and bioenergetics, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) has emerged as a vital co-substrate for a number of proteins involved in diverse cellular processes, including sirtuins, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases and cyclic ADP-ribose synthetases. The connection with aging and age-associated diseases has led to a new wave of research in the cardiovascular field. Here, we review the basics of NAD+ homeostasis, the molecular physiology and new advances in ischemic-reperfusion injury, heart failure, and arrhythmias, all of which are associated with increased risks for sudden cardiac death. Finally, we summarize the progress of NAD+-boosting therapy in human cardiovascular diseases and the challenges for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Xu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Le Li
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lilei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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17
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Hanzlikova H, Prokhorova E, Krejcikova K, Cihlarova Z, Kalasova I, Kubovciak J, Sachova J, Hailstone R, Brazina J, Ghosh S, Cirak S, Gleeson JG, Ahel I, Caldecott KW. Pathogenic ARH3 mutations result in ADP-ribose chromatin scars during DNA strand break repair. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3391. [PMID: 32636369 PMCID: PMC7341855 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a common hallmark of individuals with hereditary defects in DNA single-strand break repair; a process regulated by poly(ADP-ribose) metabolism. Recently, mutations in the ARH3 (ADPRHL2) hydrolase that removes ADP-ribose from proteins have been associated with neurodegenerative disease. Here, we show that ARH3-mutated patient cells accumulate mono(ADP-ribose) scars on core histones that are a molecular memory of recently repaired DNA single-strand breaks. We demonstrate that the ADP-ribose chromatin scars result in reduced endogenous levels of important chromatin modifications such as H3K9 acetylation, and that ARH3 patient cells exhibit measurable levels of deregulated transcription. Moreover, we show that the mono(ADP-ribose) scars are lost from the chromatin of ARH3-defective cells in the prolonged presence of PARP inhibition, and concomitantly that chromatin acetylation is restored to normal. Collectively, these data indicate that ARH3 can act as an eraser of ADP-ribose chromatin scars at sites of PARP activity during DNA single-strand break repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Hanzlikova
- Department of Genome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, 142 20, Czech Republic.
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, UK.
| | - Evgeniia Prokhorova
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Katerina Krejcikova
- Department of Genome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Cihlarova
- Department of Genome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Ilona Kalasova
- Department of Genome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kubovciak
- Department of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Sachova
- Department of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Hailstone
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Jan Brazina
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Shereen Ghosh
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, 92123, USA
| | - Sebahattin Cirak
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, 92123, USA
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Keith W Caldecott
- Department of Genome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, 142 20, Czech Republic.
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, UK.
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18
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Ramos KS, Brundel BJJM. DNA Damage, an Innocent Bystander in Atrial Fibrillation and Other Cardiovascular Diseases? Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:67. [PMID: 32411727 PMCID: PMC7198718 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common clinical tachyarrhythmia with a strong tendency to progress in time. AF is difficult to treat and therefore there is a great need to dissect root causes of AF with the ultimate goal to develop mechanism-based (drug) therapies. New findings related to mechanisms driving AF progression indicate a prime role for DNA damage-induced metabolic remodeling. A recent study uncovered that AF results in oxidative DNA damage and consequently excessive poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) activation and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) depletion and finally atrial cardiomyocyte electrical and contractile dysfunction. This newly elucidated role of DNA damage in AF opens opportunities for novel therapeutic strategies. Recently developed PARP inhibitors, such as ABT-888 and olaparib, provide beneficial effects in limiting experimental AF, and are also found to limit atherosclerotic coronary artery disease and heart failure. Another therapeutic option to protect against AF is to replenish the NAD+ pool by supplementation with NAD+ or its precursors, such as nicotinamide and nicotinamide riboside. In this review, we describe the role of DNA damage-mediated metabolic remodeling in AF and other cardiovascular diseases, discuss novel druggable targets for AF and highlight future directions for clinical trials with drugs directed at PARP1-NAD+ pathway with the ultimate aim to preserve quality of life and to attenuate severe complications such as heart failure or stroke in patients with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy S. Ramos
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bianca J. J. M. Brundel
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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19
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Zhang M, Lai Y, Vasquez JL, James DI, Smith KM, Waddell ID, Ogilvie DJ, Liu Y, Agoulnik IU. Androgen Receptor and Poly(ADP-ribose) Glycohydrolase Inhibition Increases Efficiency of Androgen Ablation in Prostate Cancer Cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3836. [PMID: 32123273 PMCID: PMC7052214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60849-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence of androgen receptor signaling inducing genome instability and changing DNA repair capacity in prostate cancer cells. Expression of genes associated with base excision repair (BER) is increased with prostate cancer progression and correlates with poor prognosis. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) are key enzymes in BER that elongate and degrade PAR polymers on target proteins. While PARP inhibitors have been tested in clinical trials and are a promising therapy for prostate cancer patients with TMPRSS2-ERG fusions and mutations in DNA repair genes, PARG inhibitors have not been evaluated. We show that PARG is a direct androgen receptor (AR) target gene. AR is recruited to the PARG locus and induces PARG expression. Androgen ablation combined with PARG inhibition synergistically reduces BER capacity in independently derived LNCaP and LAPC4 prostate cancer cell lines. A combination of PARG inhibition with androgen ablation or with the DNA damaging drug, temozolomide, significantly reduces cellular proliferation and increases DNA damage. PARG inhibition alters AR transcriptional output without changing AR protein levels. Thus, AR and PARG are engaged in reciprocal regulation suggesting that the success of androgen ablation therapy can be enhanced by PARG inhibition in prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manqi Zhang
- Biochemistry Ph.D. Program, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yanhao Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts, Sciences and Education, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Judy L Vasquez
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dominic I James
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, SK104TG, UK
| | - Kate M Smith
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, SK104TG, UK
| | - Ian D Waddell
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, SK104TG, UK
- CRL, Chesterford Research Park, CB10 1XL, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Donald J Ogilvie
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, SK104TG, UK
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts, Sciences and Education, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Irina U Agoulnik
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is an intricate and versatile posttranslational modification involved in the regulation of a vast variety of cellular processes in all kingdoms of life. Its complexity derives from the varied range of different chemical linkages, including to several amino acid side chains as well as nucleic acids termini and bases, it can adopt. In this review, we provide an overview of the different families of (ADP-ribosyl)hydrolases. We discuss their molecular functions, physiological roles, and influence on human health and disease. Together, the accumulated data support the increasingly compelling view that (ADP-ribosyl)hydrolases are a vital element within ADP-ribosyl signaling pathways and they hold the potential for novel therapeutic approaches as well as a deeper understanding of ADP-ribosylation as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Palazzo
- Institute for the Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council of Italy, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
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21
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Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) mediated by poly ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs) plays a key role in DNA damage repair. Suppression of PARylation by PARP inhibitors impairs DNA damage repair and induces apoptosis of tumor cells with repair defects. Thus, PARP inhibitors have been approved by the US FDA for various types of cancer treatment. However, recent studies suggest that dePARylation also plays a key role in DNA damage repair. Instead of antagonizing PARylation, dePARylation acts as a downstream step of PARylation in DNA damage repair. Moreover, several types of dePARylation inhibitors have been developed and examined in the preclinical studies for cancer treatment. In this review, we will discuss the recent progress on the role of dePARylation in DNA damage repair and cancer suppression. We expect that targeting dePARylation could be a promising approach for cancer chemotherapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzaffer Ahmad Kassab
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| | - Lily L. Yu
- Westridge School, 324 Madeline Dr., Pasadena, CA 91105 USA
| | - Xiaochun Yu
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
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22
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Dantas RN, de Souza AM, Takeno SS, Kassab P, Malheiros CA, Lima EM. Association between PSCA, TNF-α, PARP1 and TP53 Gene Polymorphisms and Gastric Cancer Susceptibility in the Brazilian Population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:43-48. [PMID: 31983162 PMCID: PMC7294041 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.1.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association of allelic and genotypic frequencies of PSCA (rs2976392), TNF-α (rs1800629), PARP1 (rs1136410) and TP53 (rs368771578) SNPs with GC susceptibility in a Brazilian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective study, which included 102 paraffin-embedded adenocarcinoma tissue samples > 5 years of obtention, with 204 alleles for each studied SNP. Other 102 healthy tissue samples were included as controls. For analysis, the genotyping method Dideoxy Single Allele-Specific - PCR was used. Statistical analysis was performed with the Bioestat software 5.3, determining Hardy-Weinberg's equilibrium for the genotypic frequencies p-values < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS PSCA (rs2976392) and TNF-α (rs1800629) SNPs were associated with GC in the analyzed samples (X2=10.3/102 and p<0.001/0.00001, respectively). TNF-α (rs1800629) SNP presented also a statistically significant relationship between its genotypes and the morphological pattern (intestinal/diffuse) (p<0.032). However, PARP1 (rs1136410) and TP53 (rs368771578) SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg's equilibrium and, therefore, were not significantly associated with GC in these samples (X2=0.73/2.89 and p<0.39/0.08). CONCLUSIONS PSCA (rs2976392) and TNF-α (rs1800629) SNPs are potential molecular markers of susceptibility to GC development. PARP1 (rs1136410) and TP53 (rs368771578) SNPs were not associated with the risk of GC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Nery Dantas
- Laboratory of Molecular and Structural Biology Oncogenetics, LBMEO,
- Postgraduation Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology,
| | - Augusto Monteiro de Souza
- Laboratory of Molecular and Structural Biology Oncogenetics, LBMEO,
- Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa - PB,
| | | | - Paulo Kassab
- Postgraduation Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology,
| | | | - Eleonidas Moura Lima
- Laboratory of Molecular and Structural Biology Oncogenetics, LBMEO,
- Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa - PB,
- Postgraduation Program in Health Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo Medical Sciences Faculty, Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil.
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Araújo Carvalho AC, Tavares Mendes ML, da Silva Reis MC, Santos VS, Tanajura DM, Martins-Filho PRS. Telomere length and frailty in older adults-A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 54:100914. [PMID: 31170457 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Telomere shortening has been proposed as a potentially useful biomarker of human ageing and age-related morbidity and mortality. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize results from individual studies on the telomere length according to the frailty status and frailty index in older adults. We searched the PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases to identify studies that evaluated the telomere length in frail and non-frail older adults and the relationship between telomere length and frailty index score. We used the base pairs (bp) as a measure of the telomere length. Summary estimates were calculated using random-effects models. Nine studies were included in the present systematic review and a total of 10,079 older adults were analyzed. We found that the frail older adults (n = 355) had shorter telomeres than the non-frail (n = 1894) (Standardized Mean Difference [SMD] -0.41; 95% CI -0.73 to -0.09; P = 0.01; I2 = 82%). Significant differences in telomere length between frail and non-frail older adults were identified in Hispanic (SMD -1.31; 95% CI -1.71 to -0.92; P < 0.0001; I2 = 0%) but not in Non-Hispanic countries (SMD -0.13; 95% CI -0.26 to 0.00; P = 0.06; I2 = 0%). Similar results were found in the adjusted meta-analysis (SMD -0.56; 95% -1.12 to 0.00; P = 0.05; I2 = 85%). A significant but weak relationship was found between telomere length and frailty index analyzing 8244 individuals (SMD -0.06; 95% IC -0.10 to 0.01; P = 0.01; I2 = 0%). The current available evidence suggests that telomere length may be not a meaningful biomarker for frailty. Because the potential influence of ethnicity in shortening of telomeres and decline in physiologic reserves associated with aging, additional multiethnic studies are needed.
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24
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Chen SH, Yu X. Targeting dePARylation selectively suppresses DNA repair-defective and PARP inhibitor-resistant malignancies. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav4340. [PMID: 30989114 PMCID: PMC6457938 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav4340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
While poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) plays an important role in DNA repair, the role of dePARylation in DNA repair remains elusive. Here, we report that a novel small molecule identified from the NCI database, COH34, specifically inhibits poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG), the major dePARylation enzyme, with nanomolar potency in vitro and in vivo. COH34 binds to the catalytic domain of PARG, thereby prolonging PARylation at DNA lesions and trapping DNA repair factors. This compound induces lethality in cancer cells with DNA repair defects and exhibits antitumor activity in xenograft mouse cancer models. Moreover, COH34 can sensitize tumor cells with DNA repair defects to other DNA-damaging agents, such as topoisomerase I inhibitors and DNA-alkylating agents, which are widely used in cancer chemotherapy. Notably, COH34 also efficiently kills PARP inhibitor-resistant cancer cells. Together, our study reveals the molecular mechanism of PARG in DNA repair and provides an effective strategy for future cancer therapies.
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25
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Pillay N, Tighe A, Nelson L, Littler S, Coulson-Gilmer C, Bah N, Golder A, Bakker B, Spierings DCJ, James DI, Smith KM, Jordan AM, Morgan RD, Ogilvie DJ, Foijer F, Jackson DA, Taylor SS. DNA Replication Vulnerabilities Render Ovarian Cancer Cells Sensitive to Poly(ADP-Ribose) Glycohydrolase Inhibitors. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:519-533.e8. [PMID: 30889383 PMCID: PMC6428690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) have demonstrated efficacy in women with BRCA-mutant ovarian cancer. However, only 15%-20% of ovarian cancers harbor BRCA mutations, therefore additional therapies are required. Here, we show that a subset of ovarian cancer cell lines and ex vivo models derived from patient biopsies are sensitive to a poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) inhibitor. Sensitivity is due to underlying DNA replication vulnerabilities that cause persistent fork stalling and replication catastrophe. PARG inhibition is synthetic lethal with inhibition of DNA replication factors, allowing additional models to be sensitized by CHK1 inhibitors. Because PARG and PARP inhibitor sensitivity are mutually exclusive, our observations demonstrate that PARG inhibitors have therapeutic potential to complement PARP inhibitor strategies in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Pillay
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Anthony Tighe
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Louisa Nelson
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Samantha Littler
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Camilla Coulson-Gilmer
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Nourdine Bah
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Anya Golder
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Bjorn Bakker
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Diana C J Spierings
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dominic I James
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Kate M Smith
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Allan M Jordan
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Robert D Morgan
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Donald J Ogilvie
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dean A Jackson
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Stephen S Taylor
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK.
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26
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Marques M, Jangal M, Wang LC, Kazanets A, da Silva SD, Zhao T, Lovato A, Yu H, Jie S, Del Rincon S, Mackey J, Damaraju S, Alaoui-Jamali M, Witcher M. Oncogenic activity of poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase. Oncogene 2018; 38:2177-2191. [PMID: 30459355 PMCID: PMC6484711 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribosylation), known as PARylation, is a post-translational modification catalyzed by poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) and primarily removed by the enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG). While the aberrant removal of post-translation modifications including phosphorylation and methylation has known tumorigenic effects, deregulation of PARylation has not been widely studied. Increased hydrolysis of PARylation chains facilitates cancer growth through enhancing estrogen receptor (ER)-driven proliferation, but oncogenic transformation has not been linked to increased PARG expression. In this study, we find that elevated PARG levels are associated with a poor prognosis in breast cancers, especially in HER2-positive and triple-negative subtypes. Using both in vitro and in vivo models, we demonstrate that heightened expression of catalytically active PARG facilitates cell transformation and invasion of normal mammary epithelial cells. Catalytically inactive PARG mutants did not recapitulate these phenotypes. Consistent with clinical data showing elevated PARG predicts poor outcomes in HER2+ patients, we observed that PARG acts in synergy with HER2 to promote neoplastic growth of immortalized mammary cells. In contrast, PARG depletion significantly impairs the growth and metastasis of triple-negative breast tumors. Mechanistically, we find that PARG interacts with SMAD2/3 and significantly decreases their PARylation in non-transformed cells, leading to enhanced expression of SMAD target genes. Further linking SMAD-mediated transcription to the oncogenicity of PARG, we show that PARG-mediated anchorage-independent growth and invasion are dependent, at least in part, on SMAD expression. Overall, our study underscores the oncogenic impact of aberrant protein PARylation and highlights the therapeutic potential of PARG inhibition in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Marques
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maika Jangal
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Li-Chun Wang
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anna Kazanets
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sabrina Daniela da Silva
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tiejun Zhao
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amanda Lovato
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Henry Yu
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Su Jie
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia Del Rincon
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - John Mackey
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sambasivarao Damaraju
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Moulay Alaoui-Jamali
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael Witcher
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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27
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Icaritin induces ovarian cancer cell apoptosis through activation of p53 and inhibition of Akt/mTOR pathway. Life Sci 2018; 202:188-194. [PMID: 29625193 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Ovarian cancer (OC) has the highest mortality rate of all gynecological cancers. Currently, the first-line OC treatment consists of cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy. However, most patients develop chemoresistance after the first-line treatment limits the success of treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify effective therapeutic agents. MAIN METHODS Cell viabilities were detected by MTS assay; Annexin V-FITC/PI assay and western blotting assay were performed to analyze the apoptotic cells in vitro; An immunofluorescence assay was performed to analyze the TUNEL+ apoptotic cells in vivo; Patient-derived xenografts were established to test the in vivo antitumor effects; The key proteins of p53, caspase-mediated apoptotic pathway and Akt/mTOR pathway were detected by Western blotting. KEY FINDINGS Icaritin, a prenylflavonoid derivative from Epimedium Genus, inhibited the proliferation of drug-sensitive OC cells (OV2008 and C13*) and cisplatin resistant OC cells A2780cp. Icaritin induced OC cell apoptosis in vitro, as indicated by the increase of Annexin V+/PI+ apoptotic cells analyzed with flow cytometry, and the cleavage of caspase 9, caspase 3 and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) detected with western blotting. Icaritin also inhibited tumor growth and induced OC cells apoptosis in patient-derived xenografts, as indicated by the tumor growth delay and increase of TUNEL-positive cells in tumor tissues. The icaritin-induced OC cell apoptosis may be associated with the activation of p53 and the suppression of Akt/mTOR pathway. SIGNIFICANCE This study sheds light on the underlying mechanisms of antitumor effect of icaritin, and warrants clinical trial for treatment of OC.
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28
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Yoshida T, Yoshimura M, Amakura Y. Chemical and Biological Significance of Oenothein B and Related Ellagitannin Oligomers with Macrocyclic Structure. Molecules 2018; 23:E552. [PMID: 29498647 PMCID: PMC6017083 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1990, Okuda et al. reported the first isolation and characterization of oenothein B, a unique ellagitannin dimer with a macrocyclic structure, from the Oenothera erythrosepala leaves. Since then, a variety of macrocyclic analogs, including trimeric-heptameric oligomers have been isolated from various medicinal plants belonging to Onagraceae, Lythraceae, and Myrtaceae. Among notable in vitro and in vivo biological activities reported for oenothein B are antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, enzyme inhibitory, antitumor, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory activities. Oenothein B and related oligomers, and/or plant extracts containing them have thus attracted increasing interest as promising targets for the development of chemopreventive agents of life-related diseases associated with oxygen stress in human health. In order to better understand the significance of this type of ellagitannin in medicinal plants, this review summarizes (1) the structural characteristics of oenothein B and related dimers; (2) the oxidative metabolites of oenothein B up to heptameric oligomers; (3) the distribution of oenotheins and other macrocyclic analogs in the plant kingdom; and (4) the pharmacological activities hitherto documented for oenothein B, including those recently found by our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yoshida
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan.
- Okayama University, Okayama 701-1152, Japan.
| | - Morio Yoshimura
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Amakura
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan.
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29
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Lüscher B, Bütepage M, Eckei L, Krieg S, Verheugd P, Shilton BH. ADP-Ribosylation, a Multifaceted Posttranslational Modification Involved in the Control of Cell Physiology in Health and Disease. Chem Rev 2017; 118:1092-1136. [PMID: 29172462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) regulate protein functions and interactions. ADP-ribosylation is a PTM, in which ADP-ribosyltransferases use nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to modify target proteins with ADP-ribose. This modification can occur as mono- or poly-ADP-ribosylation. The latter involves the synthesis of long ADP-ribose chains that have specific properties due to the nature of the polymer. ADP-Ribosylation is reversed by hydrolases that cleave the glycosidic bonds either between ADP-ribose units or between the protein proximal ADP-ribose and a given amino acid side chain. Here we discuss the properties of the different enzymes associated with ADP-ribosylation and the consequences of this PTM on substrates. Furthermore, the different domains that interpret either mono- or poly-ADP-ribosylation and the implications for cellular processes are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Lüscher
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mareike Bütepage
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura Eckei
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah Krieg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Patricia Verheugd
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Brian H Shilton
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario , Medical Sciences Building Room 332, London, Ontario Canada N6A 5C1
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30
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Ang YLE, Tan DSP. Development of PARP inhibitors in gynecological malignancies. Curr Probl Cancer 2017; 41:273-286. [PMID: 28583748 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PARP inhibitors demonstrate synthetic lethality in tumors with BRCA1/2 mutations and other homologous recombination repair deficiencies by interfering with DNA repair and causing direct toxicity to DNA through PARP trapping. PARP inhibitors have been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of BRCA1/2-mutated ovarian cancers, which has led to a shift in the treatment paradigm of this disease. Further studies to establish the role of PARP inhibitors during earlier stages of treatment are ongoing. The use of PARP inhibitors in other cancers with homologous recombination repair deficiencies, such as breast cancer and prostate cancer, is gradually evolving as well, including their use in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings. PARP inhibitor combination strategies with chemotherapy, targeted agents, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy are also being explored. The role of predictive biomarkers, including molecular signatures and homologous recombination deficiency scores based on loss of heterozygosity and other structural genomic aberrations, will be crucial to improved patient stratification to enhance the clinical utility of PARP inhibitors. This may also allow the use of PARP inhibitors to be extended beyond tumors with specific homologous recombination DNA repair gene mutations in the future. An improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying PARP inhibitor resistance will also be important to enable the development of new approaches to increase efficacy. This is a field rich in opportunity, and the coming years should see a better understanding of which patients we should be treating with PARP inhibitors and where these agents should come in over the course of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne L E Ang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David S P Tan
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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31
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Abstract
Mitochondria lie at the crossroads of neuronal survival and cell death. They play important roles in cellular bioenergetics, control intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, and participate in key metabolic pathways. Mutations in genes involved in mitochondrial quality control cause a myriad of neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondria have evolved strategies to kill cells when they are not able to continue their vital functions. This review provides an overview of the role of mitochondria in neurologic disease and the cell death pathways that are mediated through mitochondria, including their role in accidental cell death, the regulated cell death pathways of apoptosis and parthanatos, and programmed cell death. It details the current state of parthanatic cell death and discusses potential therapeutic strategies targeting initiators and effectors of mitochondrial-mediated cell death in neurologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205; ,
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana 70130
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205; ,
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana 70130
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana 70130
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32
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Abstract
The purification of Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) from overexpressing bacteria Escherichia coli is described here to a fast and reproducible one chromatographic step protocol. After cell lysis, GST-PARG-fusion proteins from the crude extract are affinity purified by a Glutathione 4B Sepharose chromatographic step. The PARG proteins are then freed from their GST-fusion by overnight enzymatic cleavage using the preScission protease. As described in the protocol, more than 500 μg of highly active human PARG can be obtained from 1.5 L of E. coli culture.
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33
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Rotin LE, Gronda M, MacLean N, Hurren R, Wang X, Lin FH, Wrana J, Datti A, Barber DL, Minden MD, Slassi M, Schimmer AD. Ibrutinib synergizes with poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase inhibitors to induce cell death in AML cells via a BTK-independent mechanism. Oncotarget 2016; 7:2765-79. [PMID: 26624983 PMCID: PMC4823070 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) with the small molecule BTK inhibitor ibrutinib has significantly improved patient outcomes in several B-cell malignancies, with minimal toxicity. Given the reported expression and constitutive activation of BTK in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, there has been recent interest in investigating the anti-AML activity of ibrutinib. We noted that ibrutinib had limited single-agent toxicity in a panel of AML cell lines and primary AML samples, and therefore sought to identify ibrutinib-sensitizing drugs. Using a high-throughput combination chemical screen, we identified that the poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) inhibitor ethacridine lactate synergized with ibrutinib in TEX and OCI-AML2 leukemia cell lines. The combination of ibrutinib and ethacridine induced a synergistic increase in reactive oxygen species that was functionally important to explain the observed cell death. Interestingly, synergistic cytotoxicity of ibrutinib and ethacridine was independent of the inhibitory effect of ibrutinib against BTK, as knockdown of BTK did not sensitize TEX and OCI-AML2 cells to ethacridine treatment. Thus, our findings indicate that ibrutinib may have a BTK-independent role in AML and that PARG inhibitors may have utility as part of a combination therapy for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne E Rotin
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcela Gronda
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil MacLean
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rose Hurren
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - XiaoMing Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Feng-Hsu Lin
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeff Wrana
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alessandro Datti
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Dwayne L Barber
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark D Minden
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Aaron D Schimmer
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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34
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Noll A, Illuzzi G, Amé JC, Dantzer F, Schreiber V. PARG deficiency is neither synthetic lethal with BRCA1 nor PTEN deficiency. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:53. [PMID: 27375368 PMCID: PMC4929728 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have entered the clinics for their promising anticancer effect as adjuvant in chemo- and radiotherapy and as single agent on BRCA-mutated tumours. Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) deficiency was also shown to potentiate the cytotoxicity of genotoxic agents and irradiation. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of PARG deficiency on BRCA1- and/or PTEN-deficient tumour cells. Methods Since no PARG inhibitors are available for in vivo studies, PARG was depleted by siRNA in several cancer cell lines, proficient or deficient for BRCA1 and/or PTEN. The impact on cell survival was evaluated by colony formation assay and short-term viability assays. The effect of simultaneous PARG and BRCA1 depletion on homologous recombination (HR) efficacy was evaluated by immunodetection of RAD51 foci and using an in vivo HR assay. Results The BRCA1-deficient cell lines MDA-MB-436, HCC1937 and UWB1.289 showed mild sensitivity to PARG depletion, whereas no sensitivity was observed for the BRCA1-proficient MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, MCF10A and U2OS cell lines. However, the BRCA1-reconstituted UWB1.289 cell lines was similarly sensitive to PARG depletion than the BRCA1-deficient UWB1.289, and the simultaneous depletion of PARG and BRCA1 and/or PTEN in MDA-MB-231 or U2OS cells was not more cytotoxic than depletion of BRCA1 or PTEN only. Conclusions Some tumour cells displayed slight sensitivity to PARG deficiency, but this sensitivity could not be correlated to BRCA1- or PTEN-deficiency. Therefore, PARG depletion cannot be considered as a strategy to kill tumours cells mutated in BRCA1 or PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélia Noll
- Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, UMR7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, ESBS, 300 Bd Sébastien Brant, CS 10413, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Giuditta Illuzzi
- Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, UMR7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, ESBS, 300 Bd Sébastien Brant, CS 10413, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Amé
- Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, UMR7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, ESBS, 300 Bd Sébastien Brant, CS 10413, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Françoise Dantzer
- Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, UMR7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, ESBS, 300 Bd Sébastien Brant, CS 10413, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Valérie Schreiber
- Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, UMR7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, ESBS, 300 Bd Sébastien Brant, CS 10413, 67412 Illkirch, France
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Chen Q, Chen L, Wu X, Zhang F, Jin H, Lu C, Shao J, Kong D, Wu L, Zheng S. Dihydroartemisinin prevents liver fibrosis in bile duct ligated rats by inducing hepatic stellate cell apoptosis through modulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:220-31. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Lianyun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Xiafei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
- National First-Class Key Discipline for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Material Medical; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
| | - Huanhuan Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Chunfeng Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Jiangjuan Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Desong Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
- Department of Science; Technology and Education, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
- National First-Class Key Discipline for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Material Medical; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
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36
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Rack JGM, Perina D, Ahel I. Macrodomains: Structure, Function, Evolution, and Catalytic Activities. Annu Rev Biochem 2016; 85:431-54. [PMID: 26844395 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060815-014935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments indicate that macrodomains, an ancient and diverse protein domain family, are key players in the recognition, interpretation, and turnover of ADP-ribose (ADPr) signaling. Crucial to this is the ability of macrodomains to recognize ADPr either directly, in the form of a metabolic derivative, or as a modification covalently bound to proteins. Thus, macrodomains regulate a wide variety of cellular and organismal processes, including DNA damage repair, signal transduction, and immune response. Their importance is further indicated by the fact that dysregulation or mutation of a macrodomain is associated with several diseases, including cancer, developmental defects, and neurodegeneration. In this review, we summarize the current insights into macrodomain evolution and how this evolution influenced their structural and functional diversification. We highlight some aspects of macrodomain roles in pathobiology as well as their emerging potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dragutin Perina
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb 10002, Croatia;
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom; ,
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37
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Bilan DS, Shokhina AG, Lukyanov SA, Belousov VV. [Main Cellular Redox Couples]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015; 41:385-402. [PMID: 26615634 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162015040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Most of the living cells maintain the continuous flow of electrons, which provides them by energy. Many of the compounds are presented in a cell at the same time in the oxidized and reduced states, forming the active redox couples. Some of the redox couples, such as NAD+/NADH, NADP+/NADPH, oxidized/reduced glutathione (GSSG/GSH), are universal, as they participate in adjusting of many cellular reactions. Ratios of the oxidized and reduced forms of these compounds are important cellular redox parameters. Modern research approaches allow setting the new functions of the main redox couples in the complex organization of cellular processes. The following information is about the main cellular redox couples and their participation in various biological processes.
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Abstract
Impaired mitochondrial structure and function are common features of neurodegenerative disorders, ultimately characterized by the death of neural cells promoted by still unknown signals. Among the possible modulators of neurodegeneration, the activation of poly(ADP-ribosylation), a post-translational modification of proteins, has been considered, being the product of the reaction, poly(ADP-ribose), a signaling molecule for different cell death paradigms. The basic properties of poly(ADP-ribosylation) are here described, focusing on the mitochondrial events; cell death paradigms such as apoptosis, parthanatos, necroptosis and mitophagy are illustrated. Finally, the promising use of poly(ADP-ribosylation) inhibitors to rescue neurodegeneration is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Ivana Scovassi
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Haikarainen T, Krauss S, Lehtio L. Tankyrases: structure, function and therapeutic implications in cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2015; 20:6472-88. [PMID: 24975604 PMCID: PMC4262938 DOI: 10.2174/1381612820666140630101525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Several cellular signaling pathways are regulated by ADP-ribosylation, a posttranslational modification catalyzed by members of the ARTD superfamily. Tankyrases are distinguishable from the rest of this family by their unique domain organization, notably the sterile alpha motif responsible for oligomerization and ankyrin repeats mediating protein-protein interactions. Tankyrases are involved in various cellular functions, such as telomere homeostasis, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, glucose metabolism, and cell cycle progression. In these processes, Tankyrases regulate the interactions and stability of target proteins by poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation. Modified proteins are subsequently recognized by the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF146, poly-ubiquitinated and predominantly guided to 26S proteasomal degradation. Several small molecule inhibitors have been described for Tankyrases; they compete with the co-substrate NAD+ for binding to the ARTD catalytic domain. The recent, highly potent and selective inhibitors possess several properties of lead compounds and can be used for proof-of-concept studies in cancer and other Tankyrase linked diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lari Lehtio
- SFI-CAST Biomedical Innovation Center, Unit for Cell Signaling, Oslo University Hospital, Forskningsparken, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway.
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40
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Li M, Yu X. The role of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in DNA damage response and cancer chemotherapy. Oncogene 2015; 34:3349-56. [PMID: 25220415 PMCID: PMC4362780 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage is a deleterious threat, but occurs daily in all types of cells. In response to DNA damage, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, a unique post-translational modification, is immediately catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) at DNA lesions, which facilitates DNA damage repair. Recent studies suggest that poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is one of the first steps of cellular DNA damage response and governs early DNA damage response pathways. Suppression of DNA damage-induced poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation by PARP inhibitors impairs early DNA damage response events. Moreover, PARP inhibitors are emerging as anti-cancer drugs in phase III clinical trials for BRCA-deficient tumors. In this review, we discuss recent findings on poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in DNA damage response as well as the molecular mechanism by which PARP inhibitors selectively kill tumor cells with BRCA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Li
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, 5560 MSRBII, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Xiaochun Yu
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, 5560 MSRBII, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
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41
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Abstract
Human cells respond to DNA damage with an acute and transient burst in production of poly(ADP-ribose), a posttranslational modification that expedites damage repair and plays a pivotal role in cell fate decisions. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and glycohydrolase (PARG) are the key set of enzymes that orchestrate the rise and fall in cellular levels of poly(ADP-ribose). In this perspective, we focus on recent structural and mechanistic insights into the enzymes involved in poly(ADP-ribose) production and turnover, and we highlight important questions that remain to be answered.
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42
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Zhong L, Yeh TYJ, Hao J, Pourtabatabaei N, Mahata SK, Shao J, Chessler SD, Chi NW. Nutritional energy stimulates NAD+ production to promote tankyrase-mediated PARsylation in insulinoma cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122948. [PMID: 25876076 PMCID: PMC4395342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARsylation) activity of tankyrase (TNKS) regulates diverse physiological processes including energy metabolism and wnt/β-catenin signaling. This TNKS activity uses NAD+ as a co-substrate to post-translationally modify various acceptor proteins including TNKS itself. PARsylation by TNKS often tags the acceptors for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Whether this TNKS activity is regulated by physiological changes in NAD+ levels or, more broadly, in cellular energy charge has not been investigated. Because the NAD+ biosynthetic enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) in vitro is robustly potentiated by ATP, we hypothesized that nutritional energy might stimulate cellular NAMPT to produce NAD+ and thereby augment TNKS catalysis. Using insulin-secreting cells as a model, we showed that glucose indeed stimulates the autoPARsylation of TNKS and consequently its turnover by the ubiquitin-proteasomal system. This glucose effect on TNKS is mediated primarily by NAD+ since it is mirrored by the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), and is blunted by the NAMPT inhibitor FK866. The TNKS-destabilizing effect of glucose is shared by other metabolic fuels including pyruvate and amino acids. NAD+ flux analysis showed that glucose and nutrients, by increasing ATP, stimulate NAMPT-mediated NAD+ production to expand NAD+ stores. Collectively our data uncover a metabolic pathway whereby nutritional energy augments NAD+ production to drive the PARsylating activity of TNKS, leading to autoPARsylation-dependent degradation of the TNKS protein. The modulation of TNKS catalytic activity and protein abundance by cellular energy charge could potentially impose a nutritional control on the many processes that TNKS regulates through PARsylation. More broadly, the stimulation of NAD+ production by ATP suggests that nutritional energy may enhance the functions of other NAD+-driven enzymes including sirtuins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhong
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America
| | - Tsung-Yin J. Yeh
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America
| | - Jun Hao
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Nasim Pourtabatabaei
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America
| | - Sushil K. Mahata
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America
| | - Jianhua Shao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America
| | - Steven D. Chessler
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Nai-Wen Chi
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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43
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Hottiger MO. Nuclear ADP-Ribosylation and Its Role in Chromatin Plasticity, Cell Differentiation, and Epigenetics. Annu Rev Biochem 2015; 84:227-63. [PMID: 25747399 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060614-034506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Protein ADP-ribosylation is an ancient posttranslational modification with high biochemical complexity. It alters the function of modified proteins or provides a scaffold for the recruitment of other proteins and thus regulates several cellular processes. ADP-ribosylation is governed by ADP-ribosyltransferases and a subclass of sirtuins (writers), is sensed by proteins that contain binding modules (readers) that recognize specific parts of the ADP-ribosyl posttranslational modification, and is removed by ADP-ribosylhydrolases (erasers). The large amount of experimental data generated and technical progress made in the last decade have significantly advanced our knowledge of the function of ADP-ribosylation at the molecular level. This review summarizes the current knowledge of nuclear ADP-ribosylation reactions and their role in chromatin plasticity, cell differentiation, and epigenetics and discusses current progress and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Hottiger
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
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44
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Huang H, Hu G, Cai J, Xia B, Liu J, Li X, Gao W, Zhang J, Liu Y, Zhuang Z. Role of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase silencing in DNA hypomethylation induced by benzo(a)pyrene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:708-14. [PMID: 25195819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a known carcinogen cytotoxic which can trigger extensive cellular responses. Many evidences suggest that inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) are potent anticancer drug candidates. However, the role of PARG in BaP carcinogenesis is less understood. Here we used PARG-deficient human bronchial epithelial cell line (shPARG cell) as an in vitro model, and investigated the role of PARG silencing in DNA methylation pattern changed by BaP. Our study shows, BaP treatment decreased global DNA methylation levels in 16HBE cells in a dose-dependent manner, but no dramatic changes were observed in shPARG cells. Further investigation revealed PARG silencing protected DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) activity from change by BaP exposure. Interestingly, Dnmt1 is PARylated in PARG-null cells after BaP exposure. The results show a role for PARG silencing in DNA hypomethylation induced by BaP that may provide new clue for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong, China
| | - Gonghua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, Gannan Medical College, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Xia
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinpin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhixiong Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong, China.
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46
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Abstract
DNA strand breaks arise continuously in cells and can lead to chromosome rearrangements and genome instability or cell death. The commonest DNA breaks are DNA single-strand breaks, which arise at a frequency of tens-of-thousands per cell each day and which can block the progression of RNA/DNA polymerases and disrupt gene transcription and genome duplication. If not rapidly repaired, SSBs can be converted into DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) during genome duplication, eliciting a complex series of DNA damage responses that attempt to protect cells from irreversible replication fork collapse. DSBs are the most cytotoxic and clastogenic type of DNA breaks, and can also arise independently of DNA replication, albeit at a frequency several orders of magnitude lower than SSBs. Here, I discuss the evidence that DNA single- and double -strand break repair pathways, and cellular tolerance mechanisms for protecting replication forks during genome duplication, utilize signalling by protein ADP-ribosyltransferases to protect cells from the harmful impact of DNA strand breakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Caldecott
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brigton BN1 9RQ, United Kingdom.
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47
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Illuzzi G, Fouquerel E, Amé JC, Noll A, Rehmet K, Nasheuer HP, Dantzer F, Schreiber V. PARG is dispensable for recovery from transient replicative stress but required to prevent detrimental accumulation of poly(ADP-ribose) upon prolonged replicative stress. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:7776-92. [PMID: 24906880 PMCID: PMC4081103 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is involved in numerous bio-logical processes including DNA repair, transcription and cell death. Cellular levels of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) are regulated by PAR polymerases (PARPs) and the degrading enzyme PAR glycohydrolase (PARG), controlling the cell fate decision between life and death in response to DNA damage. Replication stress is a source of DNA damage, leading to transient stalling of replication forks or to their collapse followed by the generation of double-strand breaks (DSB). The involvement of PARP-1 in replicative stress response has been described, whereas the consequences of a deregulated PAR catabolism are not yet well established. Here, we show that PARG-deprived cells showed an enhanced sensitivity to the replication inhibitor hydroxyurea. PARG is dispensable to recover from transient replicative stress but is necessary to avoid massive PAR production upon prolonged replicative stress, conditions leading to fork collapse and DSB. Extensive PAR accumulation impairs replication protein A association with collapsed forks resulting in compromised DSB repair via homologous recombination. Our results highlight the critical role of PARG in tightly controlling PAR levels produced upon genotoxic stress to prevent the detrimental effects of PAR over-accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Illuzzi
- Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, UMR7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, IREBS, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, ESBS, 300 Blvd Sébastien Brant, CS 10413, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Elise Fouquerel
- Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, UMR7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, IREBS, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, ESBS, 300 Blvd Sébastien Brant, CS 10413, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Amé
- Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, UMR7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, IREBS, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, ESBS, 300 Blvd Sébastien Brant, CS 10413, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Aurélia Noll
- Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, UMR7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, IREBS, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, ESBS, 300 Blvd Sébastien Brant, CS 10413, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Kristina Rehmet
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Heinz-Peter Nasheuer
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Françoise Dantzer
- Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, UMR7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, IREBS, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, ESBS, 300 Blvd Sébastien Brant, CS 10413, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Valérie Schreiber
- Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, UMR7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, IREBS, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, ESBS, 300 Blvd Sébastien Brant, CS 10413, 67412 Illkirch, France
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48
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Liu J, Kim J, Oberdoerffer P. Metabolic modulation of chromatin: implications for DNA repair and genomic integrity. Front Genet 2013; 4:182. [PMID: 24065984 PMCID: PMC3779809 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of genomic integrity in response to DNA damage is tightly linked to controlled changes in the damage-proximal chromatin environment. Many of the chromatin modifying enzymes involved in DNA repair depend on metabolic intermediates as cofactors, suggesting that changes in cellular metabolism can have direct consequences for repair efficiency and ultimately, genome stability. Here, we discuss how metabolites may contribute to DNA double-strand break repair, and how alterations in cellular metabolism associated with both aging and tumorigenesis may affect the integrity of our genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Liu
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
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