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Blanco-Díaz CF, Guerrero-Mendez CD, Delisle-Rodriguez D, Jaramillo-Isaza S, Ruiz-Olaya AF, Frizera-Neto A, Ferreira de Souza A, Bastos-Filho T. Evaluation of temporal, spatial and spectral filtering in CSP-based methods for decoding pedaling-based motor tasks using EEG signals. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2024; 10:035003. [PMID: 38417162 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ad2e35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Stroke is a neurological syndrome that usually causes a loss of voluntary control of lower/upper body movements, making it difficult for affected individuals to perform Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) combined with robotic systems, such as Motorized Mini Exercise Bikes (MMEB), have enabled the rehabilitation of people with disabilities by decoding their actions and executing a motor task. However, Electroencephalography (EEG)-based BCIs are affected by the presence of physiological and non-physiological artifacts. Thus, movement discrimination using EEG become challenging, even in pedaling tasks, which have not been well explored in the literature. In this study, Common Spatial Patterns (CSP)-based methods were proposed to classify pedaling motor tasks. To address this, Filter Bank Common Spatial Patterns (FBCSP) and Filter Bank Common Spatial-Spectral Patterns (FBCSSP) were implemented with different spatial filtering configurations by varying the time segment with different filter bank combinations for the three methods to decode pedaling tasks. An in-house EEG dataset during pedaling tasks was registered for 8 participants. As results, the best configuration corresponds to a filter bank with two filters (8-19 Hz and 19-30 Hz) using a time window between 1.5 and 2.5 s after the cue and implementing two spatial filters, which provide accuracy of approximately 0.81, False Positive Rates lower than 0.19, andKappaindex of 0.61. This work implies that EEG oscillatory patterns during pedaling can be accurately classified using machine learning. Therefore, our method can be applied in the rehabilitation context, such as MMEB-based BCIs, in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Felipe Blanco-Díaz
- Postgraduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), 29075-910 Vitória, Brazil
- Faculty of Mechanical, Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Antonio Nariño University, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Cristian David Guerrero-Mendez
- Postgraduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), 29075-910 Vitória, Brazil
- Faculty of Mechanical, Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Antonio Nariño University, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | | | | | - Andrés Felipe Ruiz-Olaya
- Faculty of Mechanical, Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Antonio Nariño University, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Anselmo Frizera-Neto
- Postgraduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), 29075-910 Vitória, Brazil
| | | | - Teodiano Bastos-Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), 29075-910 Vitória, Brazil
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Cipriani M, Pichiorri F, Colamarino E, Toppi J, Tamburella F, Lorusso M, Bigioni A, Morone G, Tomaiuolo F, Santoro F, Cordella D, Molinari M, Cincotti F, Mattia D, Puopolo M. The Promotoer, a brain-computer interface-assisted intervention to promote upper limb functional motor recovery after stroke: a statistical analysis plan for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:736. [PMID: 37974284 PMCID: PMC10655338 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07773-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) allow to modulate the sensorimotor rhythms and are emerging technologies for promoting post-stroke motor function recovery. The Promotoer study aims to assess the short and long-term efficacy of the Promotoer system, an EEG-based BCI assisting motor imagery (MI) practice, in enhancing post-stroke functional hand motor recovery. This paper details the statistical analysis plan of the Promotoer study. METHODS The Promotoer study is a randomized, controlled, assessor-blinded, single-centre, superiority trial, with two parallel groups and a 1:1 allocation ratio. Subacute stroke patients are randomized to EEG-based BCI-assisted MI training or to MI training alone (i.e. no BCI). An internal pilot study for sample size re-assessment is planned. The primary outcome is the effectiveness of the Upper Extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment (UE-FMA) score. Secondary outcomes include clinical, functional, and user experience scores assessed at the end of intervention and at follow-up. Neurophysiological assessments are also planned. Effectiveness formulas have been specified, and intention-to-treat and per-protocol populations have been defined. Statistical methods for comparisons of groups and for development of a predictive score of significant improvement are described. Explorative subgroup analyses and methodology to handle missing data are considered. DISCUSSION The Promotoer study will provide robust evidence for the short/long-term efficacy of the Promotoer system in subacute stroke patients undergoing a rehabilitation program. Moreover, the development of a predictive score of response will allow transferring of the Promotoer system to optimal clinical practice. By carefully describing the statistical principles and procedures, the statistical analysis plan provides transparency in the analysis of data. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04353297 . Registered on April 15, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cipriani
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Department of Statistical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Emma Colamarino
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering "Antonio Ruberti", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jlenia Toppi
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering "Antonio Ruberti", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Tomaiuolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Filippo Santoro
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Febo Cincotti
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering "Antonio Ruberti", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Puopolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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Popa LL, Chira D, Strilciuc Ș, Mureșanu DF. Non-Invasive Systems Application in Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1594. [PMID: 38002552 PMCID: PMC10670234 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health concern, often leading to long-lasting impairments in cognitive, motor and sensory functions. The rapid development of non-invasive systems has revolutionized the field of TBI rehabilitation by offering modern and effective interventions. This narrative review explores the application of non-invasive technologies, including electroencephalography (EEG), quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG), brain-computer interface (BCI), eye tracking, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in assessing TBI consequences, and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), low-level laser therapy (LLLT), neurofeedback, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial alternative current stimulation (tACS) and virtual reality (VR) as therapeutic approaches for TBI rehabilitation. In pursuit of advancing TBI rehabilitation, this narrative review highlights the promising potential of non-invasive technologies. We emphasize the need for future research and clinical trials to elucidate their mechanisms of action, refine treatment protocols, and ensure their widespread adoption in TBI rehabilitation settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Livinț Popa
- RoNeuro Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, 400364 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.L.P.); (D.F.M.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400083 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Chira
- RoNeuro Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, 400364 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.L.P.); (D.F.M.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400083 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ștefan Strilciuc
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine, and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dafin F. Mureșanu
- RoNeuro Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, 400364 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.L.P.); (D.F.M.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400083 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Ziai Y, Zargarian SS, Rinoldi C, Nakielski P, Sola A, Lanzi M, Truong YB, Pierini F. Conducting polymer-based nanostructured materials for brain-machine interfaces. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1895. [PMID: 37141863 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
As scientists discovered that raw neurological signals could translate into bioelectric information, brain-machine interfaces (BMI) for experimental and clinical studies have experienced massive growth. Developing suitable materials for bioelectronic devices to be used for real-time recording and data digitalizing has three important necessitates which should be covered. Biocompatibility, electrical conductivity, and having mechanical properties similar to soft brain tissue to decrease mechanical mismatch should be adopted for all materials. In this review, inorganic nanoparticles and intrinsically conducting polymers are discussed to impart electrical conductivity to systems, where soft materials such as hydrogels can offer reliable mechanical properties and a biocompatible substrate. Interpenetrating hydrogel networks offer more mechanical stability and provide a path for incorporating polymers with desired properties into one strong network. Promising fabrication methods, like electrospinning and additive manufacturing, allow scientists to customize designs for each application and reach the maximum potential for the system. In the near future, it is desired to fabricate biohybrid conducting polymer-based interfaces loaded with cells, giving the opportunity for simultaneous stimulation and regeneration. Developing multi-modal BMIs, Using artificial intelligence and machine learning to design advanced materials are among the future goals for this field. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasamin Ziai
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Seyed Shahrooz Zargarian
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Chiara Rinoldi
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Nakielski
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Antonella Sola
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Manufacturing Business Unit, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Massimiliano Lanzi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Yen Bach Truong
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Manufacturing Business Unit, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Filippo Pierini
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Lugo ZR, Cinel C, Jeunet C, Pichiorri F, Riccio A, Wriessnegger SC. Editorial: Women in brain-computer interfaces. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1260479. [PMID: 37674934 PMCID: PMC10478244 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1260479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zulay R. Lugo
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
- Civil Association-Clinic Dispensary Padre Machado, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | - Camille Jeunet
- UMR5287, Aquitaine Institute for Cognitive and Integrative Neuroscience (INCIA), Bordeaux, France
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Cui Y, Cong F, Huang F, Zeng M, Yan R. Cortical activation of neuromuscular electrical stimulation synchronized mirror neuron rehabilitation strategies: an fNIRS study. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1232436. [PMID: 37602262 PMCID: PMC10437114 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1232436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The mirror neuron system (MNS) plays a key role in the neural mechanism underlying motor learning and neural plasticity. Action observation (AO), action execution (AE), and a combination of both, known as action imitation (AI), are the most commonly used rehabilitation strategies based on MNS. It is possible to enhance the cortical activation area and amplitude by combining traditional neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) with other top-down and active rehabilitation strategies based on the MNS theory. Objective This study aimed to explore the cortical activation patterns induced by NMES synchronized with rehabilitation strategies based on MNS, namely NMES+AO, NMES+AE, and NMES+AI. In addition, the study aimed to assess the feasibility of these three novel rehabilitative treatments in order to provide insights and evidence for the design, implementation, and application of brain-computer interfaces. Methods A total of 70 healthy adults were recruited from July 2022 to February 2023, and 66 of them were finally included in the analysis. The cortical activation patterns during NMES+AO, NMES+AE, and NMES+AI were detected using the functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) technique. The action to be observed, executed, or imitated was right wrist and hand extension, and two square-shaped NMES electrodes were placed on the right extensor digitorum communis. A block design was adopted to evaluate the activation intensity of the left MNS brain regions. Results General linear model results showed that compared with the control condition, the number of channels significantly activated (PFDR < 0.05) in the NMES+AO, NMES+AE, and NMES+AI conditions were 3, 9, and 9, respectively. Region of interest (ROI) analysis showed that 2 ROIs were significantly activated (PFDR < 0.05) in the NMES+AO condition, including BA6 and BA44; 5 ROIs were significantly activated in the NMES+AE condition, including BA6, BA40, BA44, BA45, and BA46; and 6 ROIs were significantly activated in the NMES+AI condition, including BA6, BA7, BA40, BA44, BA45, and BA46. Conclusion The MNS was activated during neuromuscular electrical stimulation combined with an AO, AE, and AI intervention. The synchronous application of NMES and mirror neuron rehabilitation strategies is feasible in clinical rehabilitation. The fNIRS signal patterns observed in this study could be used to develop brain-computer interface and neurofeedback therapy rehabilitation devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Cui
- Department of Physical Therapy, Beijing Bo’ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Cong
- Department of Physical Therapy, Beijing Bo’ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fubiao Huang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Beijing Bo’ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing City, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruxiu Yan
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Beijing Bo’ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
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7
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Vatrano M, Nemirovsky IE, Tonin P, Riganello F. Assessing Consciousness through Neurofeedback and Neuromodulation: Possibilities and Challenges. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1675. [PMID: 37629532 PMCID: PMC10455583 DOI: 10.3390/life13081675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofeedback is a non-invasive therapeutic approach that has gained traction in recent years, showing promising results for various neurological and psychiatric conditions. It involves real-time monitoring of brain activity, allowing individuals to gain control over their own brainwaves and improve cognitive performance or alleviate symptoms. The use of electroencephalography (EEG), such as brain-computer interface (BCI), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), has been instrumental in developing neurofeedback techniques. However, the application of these tools in patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC) presents unique challenges. In this narrative review, we explore the use of neurofeedback in treating patients with DoC. More specifically, we discuss the advantages and challenges of using tools such as EEG neurofeedback, tDCS, TMS, and BCI for these conditions. Ultimately, we hope to provide the neuroscientific community with a comprehensive overview of neurofeedback and emphasize its potential therapeutic applications in severe cases of impaired consciousness levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Vatrano
- S. Anna Institute, Research in Advanced Neurorehabilitation, Via Siris, 11, 88900 Crotone, Italy;
| | - Idan Efim Nemirovsky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada;
| | - Paolo Tonin
- S. Anna Institute, Research in Advanced Neurorehabilitation, Via Siris, 11, 88900 Crotone, Italy;
| | - Francesco Riganello
- S. Anna Institute, Research in Advanced Neurorehabilitation, Via Siris, 11, 88900 Crotone, Italy;
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8
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Liu X, Zhang W, Li W, Zhang S, Lv P, Yin Y. Effects of motor imagery based brain-computer interface on upper limb function and attention in stroke patients with hemiplegia: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:136. [PMID: 37003976 PMCID: PMC10064693 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03150-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seeking positive and comprehensive rehabilitation methods after stroke is an urgent problem to be solved, which is very important to improve the dysfunction of stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of motor imagery-based brain-computer interface training (MI-BCI) on upper limb function and attention in stroke patients with hemiplegia. METHODS Sixty stroke patients with impairment of upper extremity function and decreased attention were randomly assigned to the control group (CR group) or the experimental group (BCI group) in a 1:1 ratio. Patients in the CR group received conventional rehabilitation. Patients in the BCI group received 20 min of MI-BCI training five times a week for 3 weeks (15 sessions) in addition to conventional rehabilitation. The primary outcome measures were the changes in Fugl-Meyer Motor Function Assessment of Upper Extremities (FMA-UE) and Attention Network Test (ANT) from baseline to 3 weeks. RESULTS About 93% of the patients completed the allocated training. Compared with the CR group, among those in the BCI group, FMA-UE was increased by 8.0 points (95%CI, 5.0 to 10.0; P < 0.001). Alert network response time (32.4ms; 95%CI, 58.4 to 85.6; P < 0.001), orienting network response (5.6ms; 95%CI, 29.8 to 55.8; P = 0.010), and corrects number (8.0; 95%CI, 17.0 to 28.0; P < 0.001) also increased in the BCI group compared with the CR group. Additionally, the executive control network response time (- 105.9ms; 95%CI, - 68.3 to - 23.6; P = 0.002), the total average response time (- 244.8ms; 95%CI, - 155.8 to - 66.2; P = 0.002), and total time (- 122.0ms; 95%CI, - 80.0 to - 35.0; P = 0.001) were reduced in the BCI group compared with the CR group. CONCLUSION MI-BCI combined with conventional rehabilitation training could better enhance upper limb motor function and attention in stroke patients. This training method may be feasible and suitable for individuals with stroke. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry with Portal Number ChiCTR2100050430(27/08/2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Liu
- College of Nursing and Rehabilitation, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Networks and Cognitive Disorders, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Wendong Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Weibo Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- Department of Medical, The Eighth People's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Peiyuan Lv
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Networks and Cognitive Disorders, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Yu Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Networks and Cognitive Disorders, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
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Post-Stroke Rehabilitation: Challenges and New Perspectives. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020550. [PMID: 36675486 PMCID: PMC9867345 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A stroke is determined by insufficient blood supply to the brain due to vessel occlusion (ischemic stroke) or rupture (hemorrhagic stroke), resulting in immediate neurological impairment to differing degrees [...].
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Galiotta V, Quattrociocchi I, D'Ippolito M, Schettini F, Aricò P, Sdoia S, Formisano R, Cincotti F, Mattia D, Riccio A. EEG-based Brain-Computer Interfaces for people with Disorders of Consciousness: Features and applications. A systematic review. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:1040816. [PMID: 36545350 PMCID: PMC9760911 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.1040816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disorders of Consciousness (DoC) are clinical conditions following a severe acquired brain injury (ABI) characterized by absent or reduced awareness, known as coma, Vegetative State (VS)/Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome (VS/UWS), and Minimally Conscious State (MCS). Misdiagnosis rate between VS/UWS and MCS is attested around 40% due to the clinical and behavioral fluctuations of the patients during bedside consciousness assessments. Given the large body of evidence that some patients with DoC possess "covert" awareness, revealed by neuroimaging and neurophysiological techniques, they are candidates for intervention with brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Objectives The aims of the present work are (i) to describe the characteristics of BCI systems based on electroencephalography (EEG) performed on DoC patients, in terms of control signals adopted to control the system, characteristics of the paradigm implemented, classification algorithms and applications (ii) to evaluate the performance of DoC patients with BCI. Methods The search was conducted on Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar. The PRISMA guidelines were followed in order to collect papers published in english, testing a BCI and including at least one DoC patient. Results Among the 527 papers identified with the first run of the search, 27 papers were included in the systematic review. Characteristics of the sample of participants, behavioral assessment, control signals employed to control the BCI, the classification algorithms, the characteristics of the paradigm, the applications and performance of BCI were the data extracted from the study. Control signals employed to operate the BCI were: P300 (N = 19), P300 and Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEP; hybrid system, N = 4), sensorimotor rhythms (SMRs; N = 5) and brain rhythms elicited by an emotional task (N = 1), while assessment, communication, prognosis, and rehabilitation were the possible applications of BCI in DoC patients. Conclusion Despite the BCI is a promising tool in the management of DoC patients, supporting diagnosis and prognosis evaluation, results are still preliminary, and no definitive conclusions may be drawn; even though neurophysiological methods, such as BCI, are more sensitive to covert cognition, it is suggested to adopt a multimodal approach and a repeated assessment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Galiotta
- Neuroelectric Imaging and Brain-Computer Interface Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy,Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Quattrociocchi
- Neuroelectric Imaging and Brain-Computer Interface Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy,Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering “Antonio Ruberti”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia D'Ippolito
- Neuroelectric Imaging and Brain-Computer Interface Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy,*Correspondence: Mariagrazia D'Ippolito
| | - Francesca Schettini
- Neuroelectric Imaging and Brain-Computer Interface Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy,Servizio di Ausilioteca per la Riabilitazione Assistita con Tecnologia, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Aricò
- Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering “Antonio Ruberti”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,BrainSigns srl, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Sdoia
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Formisano
- Neurorehabilitation 2 and Post-Coma Unit, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Febo Cincotti
- Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering “Antonio Ruberti”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Mattia
- Neuroelectric Imaging and Brain-Computer Interface Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy,Servizio di Ausilioteca per la Riabilitazione Assistita con Tecnologia, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Riccio
- Neuroelectric Imaging and Brain-Computer Interface Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy,Servizio di Ausilioteca per la Riabilitazione Assistita con Tecnologia, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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11
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A P300 Brain-Computer Interface for Lower Limb Robot Control Based on Tactile Stimulation. J Med Biol Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-022-00766-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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A Review of Brain Activity and EEG-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces for Rehabilitation Application. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120768. [PMID: 36550974 PMCID: PMC9774292 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Patients with severe CNS injuries struggle primarily with their sensorimotor function and communication with the outside world. There is an urgent need for advanced neural rehabilitation and intelligent interaction technology to provide help for patients with nerve injuries. Recent studies have established the brain-computer interface (BCI) in order to provide patients with appropriate interaction methods or more intelligent rehabilitation training. This paper reviews the most recent research on brain-computer-interface-based non-invasive rehabilitation systems. Various endogenous and exogenous methods, advantages, limitations, and challenges are discussed and proposed. In addition, the paper discusses the communication between the various brain-computer interface modes used between severely paralyzed and locked patients and the surrounding environment, particularly the brain-computer interaction system utilizing exogenous (induced) EEG signals (such as P300 and SSVEP). This discussion reveals with an examination of the interface for collecting EEG signals, EEG components, and signal postprocessing. Furthermore, the paper describes the development of natural interaction strategies, with a focus on signal acquisition, data processing, pattern recognition algorithms, and control techniques.
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de Seta V, Toppi J, Colamarino E, Molle R, Castellani F, Cincotti F, Mattia D, Pichiorri F. Cortico-muscular coupling to control a hybrid brain-computer interface for upper limb motor rehabilitation: A pseudo-online study on stroke patients. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:1016862. [PMID: 36483633 PMCID: PMC9722732 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.1016862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) systems for motor rehabilitation after stroke have proven their efficacy to enhance upper limb motor recovery by reinforcing motor related brain activity. Hybrid BCIs (h-BCIs) exploit both central and peripheral activation and are frequently used in assistive BCIs to improve classification performances. However, in a rehabilitative context, brain and muscular features should be extracted to promote a favorable motor outcome, reinforcing not only the volitional control in the central motor system, but also the effective projection of motor commands to target muscles, i.e., central-to-peripheral communication. For this reason, we considered cortico-muscular coupling (CMC) as a feature for a h-BCI devoted to post-stroke upper limb motor rehabilitation. In this study, we performed a pseudo-online analysis on 13 healthy participants (CTRL) and 12 stroke patients (EXP) during executed (CTRL, EXP unaffected arm) and attempted (EXP affected arm) hand grasping and extension to optimize the translation of CMC computation and CMC-based movement detection from offline to online. Results showed that updating the CMC computation every 125 ms (shift of the sliding window) and accumulating two predictions before a final classification decision were the best trade-off between accuracy and speed in movement classification, independently from the movement type. The pseudo-online analysis on stroke participants revealed that both attempted and executed grasping/extension can be classified through a CMC-based movement detection with high performances in terms of classification speed (mean delay between movement detection and EMG onset around 580 ms) and accuracy (hit rate around 85%). The results obtained by means of this analysis will ground the design of a novel non-invasive h-BCI in which the control feature is derived from a combined EEG and EMG connectivity pattern estimated during upper limb movement attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria de Seta
- Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Neuroelectric Imaging and BCI Lab, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Jlenia Toppi
- Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Neuroelectric Imaging and BCI Lab, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Emma Colamarino
- Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Neuroelectric Imaging and BCI Lab, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Molle
- Neuroelectric Imaging and BCI Lab, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Castellani
- Neuroelectric Imaging and BCI Lab, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Febo Cincotti
- Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Neuroelectric Imaging and BCI Lab, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Mattia
- Neuroelectric Imaging and BCI Lab, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Floriana Pichiorri
- Neuroelectric Imaging and BCI Lab, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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Behboodi A, Lee WA, Hinchberger VS, Damiano DL. Determining optimal mobile neurofeedback methods for motor neurorehabilitation in children and adults with non-progressive neurological disorders: a scoping review. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2022; 19:104. [PMID: 36171602 PMCID: PMC9516814 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-022-01081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brain–computer interfaces (BCI), initially designed to bypass the peripheral motor system to externally control movement using brain signals, are additionally being utilized for motor rehabilitation in stroke and other neurological disorders. Also called neurofeedback training, multiple approaches have been developed to link motor-related cortical signals to assistive robotic or electrical stimulation devices during active motor training with variable, but mostly positive, functional outcomes reported. Our specific research question for this scoping review was: for persons with non-progressive neurological injuries who have the potential to improve voluntary motor control, which mobile BCI-based neurofeedback methods demonstrate or are associated with improved motor outcomes for Neurorehabilitation applications? Methods We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases with all steps from study selection to data extraction performed independently by at least 2 individuals. Search terms included: brain machine or computer interfaces, neurofeedback and motor; however, only studies requiring a motor attempt, versus motor imagery, were retained. Data extraction included participant characteristics, study design details and motor outcomes. Results From 5109 papers, 139 full texts were reviewed with 23 unique studies identified. All utilized EEG and, except for one, were on the stroke population. The most commonly reported functional outcomes were the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA; n = 13) and the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT; n = 6) which were then utilized to assess effectiveness, evaluate design features, and correlate with training doses. Statistically and functionally significant pre-to post training changes were seen in FMA, but not ARAT. Results did not differ between robotic and electrical stimulation feedback paradigms. Notably, FMA outcomes were positively correlated with training dose. Conclusion This review on BCI-based neurofeedback training confirms previous findings of effectiveness in improving motor outcomes with some evidence of enhanced neuroplasticity in adults with stroke. Associative learning paradigms have emerged more recently which may be particularly feasible and effective methods for Neurorehabilitation. More clinical trials in pediatric and adult neurorehabilitation to refine methods and doses and to compare to other evidence-based training strategies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahad Behboodi
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Walker A Lee
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Diane L Damiano
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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de Seta V, Colamarino E, Cincotti F, Mattia D, Mongiardini E, Pichiorri F, Toppi J. Cortico-Muscular Coupling Allows to Discriminate Different Types of Hand Movements. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2022; 2022:2324-2327. [PMID: 36086292 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cortico-muscular coupling (CMC) could be used as potential input of a novel hybrid Brain-Computer Interface (hBCI) for motor re-learning after stroke. Here, we aim of addressing the design of a hBCI able to classify different movement tasks taking into account the interplay between the cerebral and residual or recovered muscular activity involved in a given movement. Hence, we compared the performances of four classification methods based on CMC features to evaluate their ability in discriminating finger extension from grasping movements executed by 17 healthy subjects. We also explored how the variation in the dimensionality of the feature domain would influence the different classifier performances. Results showed that, regardless of the model, few CMC features (up to 10) allow for a successful classification of two different movements type. Moreover, support vector machine classifier with linear kernel showed the best trade-off between performances and system usability (few electrodes). Thus, these results suggest that a hBCI based on brain-muscular interplay holds the potential to enable more informed neural plasticity and functional motor recovery after stroke. Furthermore, this CMC-based BCI could also allow for a more "natural control" (l.e., that resembling physiological control) of prosthetic devices.
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Zhan G, Chen S, Ji Y, Xu Y, Song Z, Wang J, Niu L, Bin J, Kang X, Jia J. EEG-Based Brain Network Analysis of Chronic Stroke Patients After BCI Rehabilitation Training. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:909610. [PMID: 35832876 PMCID: PMC9271662 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.909610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional rehabilitation strategies become difficult in the chronic phase stage of stroke prognosis. Brain–computer interface (BCI) combined with external devices may improve motor function in chronic stroke patients, but it lacks comprehensive assessments of neurological changes regarding functional rehabilitation. This study aimed to comprehensively and quantitatively investigate the changes in brain activity induced by BCI–FES training in patients with chronic stroke. We analyzed the EEG of two groups of patients with chronic stroke, one group received functional electrical stimulation (FES) rehabilitation training (FES group) and the other group received BCI combined with FES training (BCI–FES group). We constructed functional networks in both groups of patients based on direct directed transfer function (dDTF) and assessed the changes in brain activity using graph theory analysis. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: (i) after rehabilitation training, the Fugl–Meyer assessment scale (FMA) score was significantly improved in the BCI–FES group (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in the FES group. (ii) Both the global and local graph theory measures of the brain network of patients with chronic stroke in the BCI–FES group were improved after rehabilitation training. (iii) The node strength in the contralesional hemisphere and central region of patients in the BCI–FES group was significantly higher than that in the FES group after the intervention (p < 0.05), and a significant increase in the node strength of C4 in the contralesional sensorimotor cortex region could be observed in the BCI–FES group (p < 0.05). These results suggest that BCI–FES rehabilitation training can induce clinically significant improvements in motor function of patients with chronic stroke. It can improve the functional integration and functional separation of brain networks and boost compensatory activity in the contralesional hemisphere to a certain extent. The findings of our study may provide new insights into understanding the plastic changes of brain activity in patients with chronic stroke induced by BCI–FES rehabilitation training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gege Zhan
- Laboratory for Neural Interface and Brain Computer Interface, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of AI and Robotics, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shugeng Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyun Ji
- Shanghai Jinshan Zhongren Geriatric Nursing Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Shanghai Jinshan Zhongren Geriatric Nursing Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuoting Song
- Laboratory for Neural Interface and Brain Computer Interface, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of AI and Robotics, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junkongshuai Wang
- Laboratory for Neural Interface and Brain Computer Interface, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of AI and Robotics, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Niu
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, China
| | | | - Xiaoyang Kang
- Laboratory for Neural Interface and Brain Computer Interface, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of AI and Robotics, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu, China
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyang Kang
| | - Jie Jia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
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Lin Q, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhuang W, Zhao B, Ke X, Peng T, You T, Jiang Y, Yilifate A, Huang W, Hou L, You Y, Huai Y, Qiu Y, Zheng Y, Ou H. The Frequency Effect of the Motor Imagery Brain Computer Interface Training on Cortical Response in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:810553. [PMID: 35431792 PMCID: PMC9008330 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.810553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The motor imagery brain computer interface (MI-BCI) is now available in a commercial product for clinical rehabilitation. However, MI-BCI is still a relatively new technology for commercial rehabilitation application and there is limited prior work on the frequency effect. The MI-BCI has become a commercial product for clinical neurological rehabilitation, such as rehabilitation for upper limb motor dysfunction after stroke. However, the formulation of clinical rehabilitation programs for MI-BCI is lack of scientific and standardized guidance, especially limited prior work on the frequency effect. Therefore, this study aims at clarifying how frequency effects on MI-BCI training for the plasticity of the central nervous system. Methods Sixteen young healthy subjects (aged 22.94 ± 3.86 years) were enrolled in this randomized clinical trial study. Subjects were randomly assigned to a high frequency group (HF group) and low frequency group (LF group). The HF group performed MI-BCI training once per day while the LF group performed once every other day. All subjects performed 10 sessions of MI-BCI training. functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measurement, Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) and brain computer interface (BCI) performance were assessed at baseline, mid-assessment (after completion of five BCI training sessions), and post-assessment (after completion of 10 BCI training sessions). Results The results from the two-way ANOVA of beta values indicated that GROUP, TIME, and GROUP × TIME interaction of the right primary sensorimotor cortex had significant main effects [GROUP: F(1,14) = 7.251, P = 0.010; TIME: F(2,13) = 3.317, P = 0.046; GROUP × TIME: F(2,13) = 5.676, P = 0.007]. The degree of activation was affected by training frequency, evaluation time point and interaction. The activation of left primary sensory motor cortex was also affected by group (frequency) (P = 0.003). Moreover, the TIME variable was only significantly different in the HF group, in which the beta value of the mid-assessment was higher than that of both the baseline assessment (P = 0.027) and post-assessment (P = 0.001), respectively. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in the results of WMFT between HF group and LF group. Conclusion The major results showed that more cortical activation and better BCI performance were found in the HF group relative to the LF group. Moreover, the within-group results also showed more cortical activation after five sessions of BCI training and better BCI performance after 10 sessions in the HF group, but no similar effects were found in the LF group. This pilot study provided an essential reference for the formulation of clinical programs for MI-BCI training in improvement for upper limb dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Fifth Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Abdominal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanni Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Fifth Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Fifth Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanqi Zhuang
- Fifth Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biyi Zhao
- Fifth Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Ke
- Fifth Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Peng
- Fifth Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting You
- Fifth Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchun Jiang
- Fifth Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anniwaer Yilifate
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Fifth Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Fifth Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingying Hou
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoyao You
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Huai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaxian Qiu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Fifth Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Yaxian Qiu,
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Fifth Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Yuxin Zheng,
| | - Haining Ou
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Fifth Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Abdominal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haining Ou,
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Kumari R, Janković M, Costa A, Savić A, Konstantinović L, Djordjević O, Vucković A. Short term priming effect of brain-actuated muscle stimulation using bimanual movements in stroke. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 138:108-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Zhao CG, Ju F, Sun W, Jiang S, Xi X, Wang H, Sun XL, Li M, Xie J, Zhang K, Xu GH, Zhang SC, Mou X, Yuan H. Effects of Training with a Brain-Computer Interface-Controlled Robot on Rehabilitation Outcome in Patients with Subacute Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Neurol Ther 2022; 11:679-695. [PMID: 35174449 PMCID: PMC9095806 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-022-00333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stroke is always associated with a difficult functional recovery process. A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a technology which provides a direct connection between the human brain and external devices. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether training with a BCI-controlled robot can improve functions in patients with subacute stroke. METHODS Subacute stroke patients aged 32-68 years with a course of 2 weeks to 3 months were randomly assigned to the BCI group or to the sham group for a 4-week course. The primary outcome measures were Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOCTA) and Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Lower Extremity (FMA-LE). Secondary outcome measures included Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Balance (FMA-B), Functional Ambulation Category (FAC), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and motor-evoked potential (MEP). RESULTS A total of 28 patients completed the study. Both groups showed a significant increase in mean LOCTA (sham: P < 0.001, Cohen's d = - 2.972; BCI: P < 0.001, Cohen's d = - 4.266) and FMA-LE (sham: P < 0.001, Cohen's d = - 3.178; BCI: P < 0.001, Cohen's d = - 3.063) scores. The LOCTA scores in the BCI group were 14.89% higher than in the sham group (P = 0.049, Cohen's d = - 0.580). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of FMA-B (P = 0.363, Cohen's d = - 0.252), FAC (P = 0.363), or MBI (P = 0.493, Cohen's d = - 0.188) scores. The serum levels of BDNF were significantly higher within the BCI group (P < 0.001, Cohen's d = - 1.167), and the MEP latency decreased by 3.75% and 4.71% in the sham and BCI groups, respectively. CONCLUSION Training with a BCI-controlled robot combined with traditional physiotherapy promotes cognitive function recovery, and enhances motor functions of the lower extremity in patients with subacute stroke. These patients also showed increased secretion of BDNF. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese clinical trial registry: ChiCTR-INR-17012874.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Guang Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fen Ju
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Xi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Long Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Xie
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guang-Hua Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Si-Cong Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiang Mou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Automatic Selection of Control Features for Electroencephalography-Based Brain–Computer Interface Assisted Motor Rehabilitation: The GUIDER Algorithm. Brain Topogr 2022; 35:182-190. [DOI: 10.1007/s10548-021-00883-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Borisova VA, Isakova EV, Kotov SV. [Possibilities of the brain-computer interface in the correction of post-stroke cognitive impairments]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:60-66. [PMID: 36582163 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202212212260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, brain-computer interfaces have been widely used in neurorehabilitation, and an extensive database of results from clinical studies conducted around the world has been accumulated, demonstrating their effectiveness in restoring motor function after a stroke. Currently, their use in post-stroke cognitive impairment is expanding. This article discusses the potential and prospects for using brain-computer interfaces for the treatment of cognitive disorders, reviews the experience of using it, presents the results of clinical studies in stroke patients, evaluates the possibilities of using this technology, describes the prospects, new directions of work on studying its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Borisova
- Vladimirskii Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - E V Isakova
- Vladimirskii Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Kotov
- Vladimirskii Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russia
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Marcos-Martínez D, Martínez-Cagigal V, Santamaría-Vázquez E, Pérez-Velasco S, Hornero R. Neurofeedback Training Based on Motor Imagery Strategies Increases EEG Complexity in Elderly Population. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 23:1574. [PMID: 34945880 PMCID: PMC8700498 DOI: 10.3390/e23121574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurofeedback training (NFT) has shown promising results in recent years as a tool to address the effects of age-related cognitive decline in the elderly. Since previous studies have linked reduced complexity of electroencephalography (EEG) signal to the process of cognitive decline, we propose the use of non-linear methods to characterise changes in EEG complexity induced by NFT. In this study, we analyse the pre- and post-training EEG from 11 elderly subjects who performed an NFT based on motor imagery (MI-NFT). Spectral changes were studied using relative power (RP) from classical frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, and beta), whilst multiscale entropy (MSE) was applied to assess EEG-induced complexity changes. Furthermore, we analysed the subject's scores from Luria tests performed before and after MI-NFT. We found that MI-NFT induced a power shift towards rapid frequencies, as well as an increase of EEG complexity in all channels, except for C3. These improvements were most evident in frontal channels. Moreover, results from cognitive tests showed significant enhancement in intellectual and memory functions. Therefore, our findings suggest the usefulness of MI-NFT to improve cognitive functions in the elderly and encourage future studies to use MSE as a metric to characterise EEG changes induced by MI-NFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Marcos-Martínez
- Biomedical Engineering Group, E.T.S.I. Telecomunicación, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 15, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (V.M.-C.); (E.S.-V.); (S.P.-V.); (R.H.)
| | - Víctor Martínez-Cagigal
- Biomedical Engineering Group, E.T.S.I. Telecomunicación, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 15, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (V.M.-C.); (E.S.-V.); (S.P.-V.); (R.H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Santamaría-Vázquez
- Biomedical Engineering Group, E.T.S.I. Telecomunicación, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 15, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (V.M.-C.); (E.S.-V.); (S.P.-V.); (R.H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Pérez-Velasco
- Biomedical Engineering Group, E.T.S.I. Telecomunicación, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 15, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (V.M.-C.); (E.S.-V.); (S.P.-V.); (R.H.)
| | - Roberto Hornero
- Biomedical Engineering Group, E.T.S.I. Telecomunicación, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 15, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (V.M.-C.); (E.S.-V.); (S.P.-V.); (R.H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Feng Z, Sun Y, Qian L, Qi Y, Wang Y, Guan C, Sun Y. Design a novel BCI for neurorehabilitation using concurrent LFP and EEG features: a case study. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2021; 69:1554-1563. [PMID: 34582344 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2021.3115799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) that enables people with severe motor disabilities to use their brain signals for direct control of objects have attracted increased interest in rehabilitation. To date, no study has investigated feasibility of the BCI framework incorporating both intracortical and scalp signals. Methods: Concurrent local field potential (LFP) from the hand-knob area and scalp EEG were recorded in a paraplegic patient undergoing a spike-based close-loop neurorehabilitation training. Based upon multimodal spatio-spectral feature extraction and Naive Bayes classification, we developed, for the first time, a novel LFP-EEG-BCI for motor intention decoding. A transfer learning (TL) approach was employed to further improve the feasibility. The performance of the proposed LFP-EEG-BCI for four-class upper-limb motor intention decoding was assessed. Results: Using a decision fusion strategy, we showed that the LFP-EEG-BCI significantly (p <0.05) outperformed single modal BCI (LFP-BCI and EEG-BCI) in terms of decoding accuracy with the best performance achieved using regularized common spatial pattern features. Interrogation of feature characteristics revealed discriminative spatial and spectral patterns, which may lead to new insights for better understanding of brain dynamics during different motor imagery tasks and promote development of efficient decoding algorithms. Moreover, we showed that similar classification performance could be obtained with few training trials, therefore highlighting the efficacy of TL. Conclusion: The present findings demonstrated the superiority of the novel LFP-EEG-BCI in motor intention decoding. Significance: This work introduced a novel LFP-EEG-BCI that may lead to new directions for developing practical neurorehabilitation systems with high detection accuracy and multi-paradigm feasibility in clinical applications.
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Palumbo A, Gramigna V, Calabrese B, Ielpo N. Motor-Imagery EEG-Based BCIs in Wheelchair Movement and Control: A Systematic Literature Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:6285. [PMID: 34577493 PMCID: PMC8473300 DOI: 10.3390/s21186285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic emergency of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shed light on the need for innovative aids, devices, and assistive technologies to enable people with severe disabilities to live their daily lives. EEG-based Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) can lead individuals with significant health challenges to improve their independence, facilitate participation in activities, thus enhancing overall well-being and preventing impairments. This systematic review provides state-of-the-art applications of EEG-based BCIs, particularly those using motor-imagery (MI) data, to wheelchair control and movement. It presents a thorough examination of the different studies conducted since 2010, focusing on the algorithm analysis, features extraction, features selection, and classification techniques used as well as on wheelchair components and performance evaluation. The results provided in this paper could highlight the limitations of current biomedical instrumentations applied to people with severe disabilities and bring focus to innovative research topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo Palumbo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, “Magna Græcia” University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.P.); (B.C.); (N.I.)
| | - Vera Gramigna
- Neuroscience Research Center, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Barbara Calabrese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, “Magna Græcia” University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.P.); (B.C.); (N.I.)
| | - Nicola Ielpo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, “Magna Græcia” University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.P.); (B.C.); (N.I.)
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Corticospinal Motor Circuit Plasticity After Spinal Cord Injury: Harnessing Neuroplasticity to Improve Functional Outcomes. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5494-5516. [PMID: 34341881 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02484-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that affects approximately 294,000 people in the USA and several millions worldwide. The corticospinal motor circuitry plays a major role in controlling skilled movements and in planning and coordinating movements in mammals and can be damaged by SCI. While axonal regeneration of injured fibers over long distances is scarce in the adult CNS, substantial spontaneous neural reorganization and plasticity in the spared corticospinal motor circuitry has been shown in experimental SCI models, associated with functional recovery. Beneficially harnessing this neuroplasticity of the corticospinal motor circuitry represents a highly promising therapeutic approach for improving locomotor outcomes after SCI. Several different strategies have been used to date for this purpose including neuromodulation (spinal cord/brain stimulation strategies and brain-machine interfaces), rehabilitative training (targeting activity-dependent plasticity), stem cells and biological scaffolds, neuroregenerative/neuroprotective pharmacotherapies, and light-based therapies like photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photobiomodulation (PMBT). This review provides an overview of the spontaneous reorganization and neuroplasticity in the corticospinal motor circuitry after SCI and summarizes the various therapeutic approaches used to beneficially harness this neuroplasticity for functional recovery after SCI in preclinical animal model and clinical human patients' studies.
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Orlandi S, House SC, Karlsson P, Saab R, Chau T. Brain-Computer Interfaces for Children With Complex Communication Needs and Limited Mobility: A Systematic Review. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:643294. [PMID: 34335203 PMCID: PMC8319030 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.643294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) represent a new frontier in the effort to maximize the ability of individuals with profound motor impairments to interact and communicate. While much literature points to BCIs' promise as an alternative access pathway, there have historically been few applications involving children and young adults with severe physical disabilities. As research is emerging in this sphere, this article aims to evaluate the current state of translating BCIs to the pediatric population. A systematic review was conducted using the Scopus, PubMed, and Ovid Medline databases. Studies of children and adolescents that reported BCI performance published in English in peer-reviewed journals between 2008 and May 2020 were included. Twelve publications were identified, providing strong evidence for continued research in pediatric BCIs. Research evidence was generally at multiple case study or exploratory study level, with modest sample sizes. Seven studies focused on BCIs for communication and five on mobility. Articles were categorized and grouped based on type of measurement (i.e., non-invasive and invasive), and the type of brain signal (i.e., sensory evoked potentials or movement-related potentials). Strengths and limitations of studies were identified and used to provide requirements for clinical translation of pediatric BCIs. This systematic review presents the state-of-the-art of pediatric BCIs focused on developing advanced technology to support children and youth with communication disabilities or limited manual ability. Despite a few research studies addressing the application of BCIs for communication and mobility in children, results are encouraging and future works should focus on customizable pediatric access technologies based on brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Orlandi
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah C. House
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Petra Karlsson
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rami Saab
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tom Chau
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (BME), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Pantazis D, Adler A. MEG Source Localization via Deep Learning. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:4278. [PMID: 34206620 PMCID: PMC8271934 DOI: 10.3390/s21134278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We present a deep learning solution to the problem of localization of magnetoencephalography (MEG) brain signals. The proposed deep model architectures are tuned to single and multiple time point MEG data, and can estimate varying numbers of dipole sources. Results from simulated MEG data on the cortical surface of a real human subject demonstrated improvements against the popular RAP-MUSIC localization algorithm in specific scenarios with varying SNR levels, inter-source correlation values, and number of sources. Importantly, the deep learning models had robust performance to forward model errors resulting from head translation and rotation and a significant reduction in computation time, to a fraction of 1 ms, paving the way to real-time MEG source localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Pantazis
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Amir Adler
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Electrical Engineering Department, Braude College of Engineering, Karmiel 2161002, Israel
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28
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Exploring the Use of Brain-Computer Interfaces in Stroke Neurorehabilitation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9967348. [PMID: 34239936 PMCID: PMC8235968 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9967348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
With the continuous development of artificial intelligence technology, "brain-computer interfaces" are gradually entering the field of medical rehabilitation. As a result, brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have been included in many countries' strategic plans for innovating this field, and subsequently, major funding and talent have been invested in this technology. In neurological rehabilitation for stroke patients, the use of BCIs opens up a new chapter in "top-down" rehabilitation. In our study, we first reviewed the latest BCI technologies, then presented recent research advances and landmark findings in BCI-based neurorehabilitation for stroke patients. Neurorehabilitation was focused on the areas of motor, sensory, speech, cognitive, and environmental interactions. Finally, we summarized the shortcomings of BCI use in the field of stroke neurorehabilitation and the prospects for BCI technology development for rehabilitation.
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29
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Development and Application of Medicine-Engineering Integration in the Rehabilitation of Traumatic Brain Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9962905. [PMID: 34235225 PMCID: PMC8216791 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9962905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The rapid progress of the combination of medicine and engineering provides better chances for the clinical treatment and healthcare engineering. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and its related symptoms have become a major global health problem. At present, these techniques has been widely used in the rehabilitation of TBI. In this review article, we summarizes the progress of the combination of medicine and industry in the rehabilitation of traumatic brain injury in recent years, mainly from the following aspects: artificial intelligence (AI), brain-computer interfaces (BCI), noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS), and wearable-assisted devices. We believe the summary of this article can improve insight into the combination of medicine and industry in the rehabilitation of traumatic brain injury.
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Morone G, Ghanbari Ghooshchy S, Palomba A, Baricich A, Santamato A, Ciritella C, Ciancarelli I, Molteni F, Gimigliano F, Iolascon G, Zoccolotti P, Paolucci S, Iosa M. Differentiation among bio- and augmented- feedback in technologically assisted rehabilitation. Expert Rev Med Devices 2021; 18:513-522. [PMID: 33960257 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2021.1927704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: In rehabilitation practice, the term 'feedback' is often improperly used, with augmented feedback and biofeedback frequently confused, especially when referring to the human-machine interaction during technologically assisted training. The absence of a clear differentiation between these categories represents an unmet need for rehabilitation, emphasized by the advent of new technologies making extensive use of video feedback, exergame, and virtual reality.Area covered: In this review we tried to present scientific knowledge about feedback, biofeedback, augmented feedback and neurofeedback, and related differences in rehabilitation settings, for a more proper use of this terminology. Despite the continuous expansion of the field, few researches clarify the differences among these terms. This scoping review was conducted through the searching of current literature up to May 2020, using following databases: PUBMED, EMBASE and Web of Science. After literature search a classification system, distinguishing feedback, augmented feedback, and biofeedback, was applied.Expert opinion: There is a need for clear definitions of feedback, biofeedback, augmented feedback, and neurofeedback in rehabilitation, especially in the technologically assisted one based on human-machine interaction. In fact, the fast development of new technologies requires to be based on solid concepts and on a common terminology shared among bioengineers and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheida Ghanbari Ghooshchy
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Palomba
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Alessio Baricich
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital "Maggiore Della Carità", Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Santamato
- Unit of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Chiara Ciritella
- Unit of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Irene Ciancarelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Franco Molteni
- Villa Beretta Rehabilitation Center, Valduce Hospital, Lecco, Italy
| | - Francesca Gimigliano
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Iolascon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Zoccolotti
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco Iosa
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Recent advances in brain-computer interface technology to restore and rehabilitate neurologic function aim to enable persons with disabling neurologic conditions to communicate, interact with the environment, and achieve other key activities of daily living and personal goals. Here we evaluate the principles, benefits, challenges, and future directions of brain-computer interfaces in the context of neurorehabilitation. We then explore the clinical translation of these technologies and propose an approach to facilitate implementation of brain-computer interfaces for persons with neurologic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Young
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David J Lin
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- School of Engineering and Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Leigh R Hochberg
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- School of Engineering and Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence, Rhode Island
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Milosevic M, Marquez-Chin C, Masani K, Hirata M, Nomura T, Popovic MR, Nakazawa K. Why brain-controlled neuroprosthetics matter: mechanisms underlying electrical stimulation of muscles and nerves in rehabilitation. Biomed Eng Online 2020; 19:81. [PMID: 33148270 PMCID: PMC7641791 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-020-00824-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivering short trains of electric pulses to the muscles and nerves can elicit action potentials resulting in muscle contractions. When the stimulations are sequenced to generate functional movements, such as grasping or walking, the application is referred to as functional electrical stimulation (FES). Implications of the motor and sensory recruitment of muscles using FES go beyond simple contraction of muscles. Evidence suggests that FES can induce short- and long-term neurophysiological changes in the central nervous system by varying the stimulation parameters and delivery methods. By taking advantage of this, FES has been used to restore voluntary movement in individuals with neurological injuries with a technique called FES therapy (FEST). However, long-lasting cortical re-organization (neuroplasticity) depends on the ability to synchronize the descending (voluntary) commands and the successful execution of the intended task using a FES. Brain-computer interface (BCI) technologies offer a way to synchronize cortical commands and movements generated by FES, which can be advantageous for inducing neuroplasticity. Therefore, the aim of this review paper is to discuss the neurophysiological mechanisms of electrical stimulation of muscles and nerves and how BCI-controlled FES can be used in rehabilitation to improve motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matija Milosevic
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Department of Mechanical Science and Bioengineering, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Cesar Marquez-Chin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, 520 Sutherland Drive, Toronto, ON, M4G 3V9, Canada
- CRANIA, University Health Network & University of Toronto, 550 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada
| | - Kei Masani
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, 520 Sutherland Drive, Toronto, ON, M4G 3V9, Canada
- CRANIA, University Health Network & University of Toronto, 550 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada
| | - Masayuki Hirata
- Department of Neurological Diagnosis and Restoration, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taishin Nomura
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Department of Mechanical Science and Bioengineering, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Milos R Popovic
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, 520 Sutherland Drive, Toronto, ON, M4G 3V9, Canada
- CRANIA, University Health Network & University of Toronto, 550 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada
| | - Kimitaka Nakazawa
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
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The Promotoer, a brain-computer interface-assisted intervention to promote upper limb functional motor recovery after stroke: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial to test early and long-term efficacy and to identify determinants of response. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:254. [PMID: 32593293 PMCID: PMC7320550 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01826-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability. Cost-effective post-stroke rehabilitation programs for upper limb are critically needed. Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) which enable the modulation of Electroencephalography (EEG) sensorimotor rhythms are promising tools to promote post-stroke recovery of upper limb motor function. The "Promotoer" study intends to boost the application of the EEG-based BCIs in clinical practice providing evidence for a short/long-term efficacy in enhancing post-stroke hand functional motor recovery and quantifiable indices of the participants response to a BCI-based intervention. To these aims, a longitudinal study will be performed in which subacute stroke participants will undergo a hand motor imagery (MI) training assisted by the Promotoer system, an EEG-based BCI system fully compliant with rehabilitation requirements. METHODS This longitudinal 2-arm randomized controlled superiority trial will include 48 first ever, unilateral, subacute stroke participants, randomly assigned to 2 intervention groups: the BCI-assisted hand MI training and a hand MI training not supported by BCI. Both interventions are delivered (3 weekly session; 6 weeks) as add-on regimen to standard intensive rehabilitation. A multidimensional assessment will be performed at: randomization/pre-intervention, 48 h post-intervention, and at 1, 3 and 6 month/s after end of intervention. Primary outcome measure is the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA, upper extremity) at 48 h post-intervention. Secondary outcome measures include: the upper extremity FMA at follow-up, the Modified Ashworth Scale, the Numeric Rating Scale for pain, the Action Research Arm Test, the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, the Manual Muscle Test, all collected at the different timepoints as well as neurophysiological and neuroimaging measures. DISCUSSION We expect the BCI-based rewarding of hand MI practice to promote long-lasting retention of the early induced improvement in hand motor outcome and also, this clinical improvement to be sustained by a long-lasting neuroplasticity changes harnessed by the BCI-based intervention. Furthermore, the longitudinal multidimensional assessment will address the selection of those stroke participants who best benefit of a BCI-assisted therapy, consistently advancing the transfer of BCIs to a best clinical practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION Name of registry: BCI-assisted MI Intervention in Subacute Stroke (Promotoer). TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04353297 ; registration date on the ClinicalTrial.gov platform: April, 15/2020.
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