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Parihar K, Ko SHB, Bradley RP, Taylor P, Ramakrishnan N, Baumgart T, Guo W, Weaver VM, Janmey PA, Radhakrishnan R. Asymmetric crowders and membrane morphology at the nexus of intracellular trafficking and oncology. MECHANOBIOLOGY IN MEDICINE 2024; 2:100071. [PMID: 38899029 PMCID: PMC11185830 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbm.2024.100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
A definitive understanding of the interplay between protein binding/migration and membrane curvature evolution is emerging but needs further study. The mechanisms defining such phenomena are critical to intracellular transport and trafficking of proteins. Among trafficking modalities, exosomes have drawn attention in cancer research as these nano-sized naturally occurring vehicles are implicated in intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment, suppressing anti-tumor immunity and preparing the metastatic niche for progression. A significant question in the field is how the release and composition of tumor exosomes are regulated. In this perspective article, we explore how physical factors such as geometry and tissue mechanics regulate cell cortical tension to influence exosome production by co-opting the biophysics as well as the signaling dynamics of intracellular trafficking pathways and how these exosomes contribute to the suppression of anti-tumor immunity and promote metastasis. We describe a multiscale modeling approach whose impact goes beyond the fundamental investigation of specific cellular processes toward actual clinical translation. Exosomal mechanisms are critical to developing and approving liquid biopsy technologies, poised to transform future non-invasive, longitudinal profiling of evolving tumors and resistance to cancer therapies to bring us one step closer to the promise of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitiz Parihar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Seung-Hyun B. Ko
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan P. Bradley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Phillip Taylor
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - N. Ramakrishnan
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tobias Baumgart
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Biology, School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Valerie M. Weaver
- Department of Surgery, Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul A. Janmey
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ravi Radhakrishnan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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2
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Zhongyu X, Wei X, Hongmei Z, Xiaodong G, Xiaojing Y, Yuanpei L, Li Z, Zhenmin F, Jianda X. Review of pre-metastatic niches induced by osteosarcoma-derived extracellular vesicles in lung metastasis: A potential opportunity for diagnosis and intervention. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117203. [PMID: 39067163 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) has a high propensity for lung metastasis, which is the leading cause of OS-related death and treatment failure. Intercellular communication between OS cells and distant lung host cells is required for the successful lung metastasis of OS cells to the lung. Before OS cells infiltrate the lung, in situ OS cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) that act as mediators of cell-to-cell communication. In recent years, EVs have been confirmed to act as bridges and key drivers between in situ tumors and metastatic lesions by regulating the formation of a pre-metastatic niche (PMN), defined as a microenvironment suitable for disseminated tumor cell engraftment and colonization, in distant target organs. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the underlying mechanisms of PMN formation induced by OS-derived EVs and the potential roles of EVs as targets or drug carriers in regulating PMN formation in the lung. We also provide an overview of their potential EV-based therapeutic strategies for hindering PMN formation in the context of OS lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhongyu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzhou hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 25 North Heping Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province 213003, China
| | - Xu Wei
- College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China
| | - Zhang Hongmei
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ge Xiaodong
- College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China
| | - Yan Xiaojing
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzhou hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 25 North Heping Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province 213003, China
| | - Lian Yuanpei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzhou hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 25 North Heping Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province 213003, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzhou hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 25 North Heping Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province 213003, China
| | - Fan Zhenmin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xu Jianda
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzhou hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 25 North Heping Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province 213003, China.
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3
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Ou H, Yang Q, Zhang Y, Tang X, Xiao M, Li S, Lei L, Xie Z. The role of cells and their derivatives in otorhinolaryngologic diseases treatment. Life Sci 2024; 352:122898. [PMID: 38997061 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Otolaryngology is an important specialty in the field of surgery that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of the ear, nose, throat, trachea, as well as related anatomical structures. Various otolaryngological disorders are difficult to treat using established pharmacological and surgical approaches. The advent of molecular and cellular therapies led to further progress in this respect. This article reviews the therapeutic strategies of using stem cells, immune cells, and chondrocytes in otorhinolaryngology. As the most widely recognized cell derivatives, exosomes were also systematically reviewed for their therapeutic potential in head and neck cancer, otitis media, and allergic rhinitis. Finally, we summarize the limitations of stem cells, chondrocytes, and exosomes, as well as possible solutions, and provide an outlook on the future direction of cell- and derivative-based therapies in otorhinolaryngology, to offer a theoretical foundation for the clinical translation of this therapeutic modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Ou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Minna Xiao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shisheng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lanjie Lei
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zuozhong Xie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
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4
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Bayat M, Sadri Nahand J. Exosomal miRNAs: the tumor's trojan horse in selective metastasis. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:167. [PMID: 39164756 PMCID: PMC11334467 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Organs of future metastasis are not passive receivers of circulating tumor cells, but are instead selectively and actively modified by the primary tumor before metastatic spread has even occurred. Tumors orchestrate a pre-metastatic program by conditioning distant organs to create microenvironments that foster the survival and proliferation of tumor cells before their arrival, thereby establishing pre-metastatic niches. Primary tumor-derived exosomes modulate these pre-metastatic niches, generating a permissive environment that facilitates the homing and expansion of tumor cells. Moreover, microRNAs have emerged as a key component of exosomal cargo, serving not only to induce the formation of pre-metastatic niches but also to prime these sites for the arrival and colonization of specific secondary tumor populations. Against this backdrop, this review endeavors to elucidate the impact of tumor-derived exosomal microRNAs on the genesis of their individualized pre-metastatic niches, with a view towards identifying novel means of specifying cancer metastasis and exploiting this phenomenon for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobina Bayat
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 15731, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 15731, Iran.
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5
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Fakouri A, Razavi ZS, Mohammed AT, Hussein AHA, Afkhami H, Hooshiar MH. Applications of mesenchymal stem cell-exosome components in wound infection healing: new insights. BURNS & TRAUMA 2024; 12:tkae021. [PMID: 39139205 PMCID: PMC11319788 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The healing process at a wound is made up of many types of cells, growth factors, the extracellular matrix, nerves and blood vessels all interacting with each other in complex and changing ways. Microbial colonization and proliferation are possible at the place of injury, which makes infection more likely. Because of this, any cut has a chance of getting an infection. Researchers have found that wound infections make patients more upset and cost the healthcare system a lot of money. Surgical site infections happen a lot to people who have recently had surgery. This study shows that such surgical infection is linked to a high rate of illness and death. This is shown by the fact that 25% of patients get serious sepsis and need to be transferred to an intensive care unit. In both animal models and people, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an active role in all stages of wound healing and have positive effects. Exosomes are one of the main things MSCs release. They have effects that are similar to those of the parent MSCs. Various effector proteins, messenger RNA and microRNAs can be transported by extracellular vesicles to control the activity of target cells. This has a big impact on the healing process. These results suggest that using MSC-exosomes as a new type of cell-free therapy could be a better and safer option than whole cell therapy. This review is mostly about how to use parts of MSC-exosomes to help wound infections heal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshia Fakouri
- Student Research Committee, USERN Office, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad 6813833946, Iran
| | - Zahra-Sadat Razavi
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Hamed Afkhami
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Zhang Z, Chen X, Gao S, Fang X, Ren S. 3D bioprinted tumor model: a prompt and convenient platform for overcoming immunotherapy resistance by recapitulating the tumor microenvironment. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:1113-1126. [PMID: 38520648 PMCID: PMC11322267 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00935-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer immunotherapy is receiving worldwide attention for its induction of an anti-tumor response. However, it has had limited efficacy in some patients who acquired resistance. The dynamic and sophisticated complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is the leading contributor to this clinical dilemma. Through recapitulating the physiological features of the TME, 3D bioprinting is a promising research tool for cancer immunotherapy, which preserves in vivo malignant aggressiveness, heterogeneity, and the cell-cell/matrix interactions. It has been reported that application of 3D bioprinting holds potential to address the challenges of immunotherapy resistance and facilitate personalized medication. CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES In this review, we briefly summarize the contributions of cellular and noncellular components of the TME in the development of immunotherapy resistance, and introduce recent advances in 3D bioprinted tumor models that served as platforms to study the interactions between tumor cells and the TME. By constructing multicellular 3D bioprinted tumor models, cellular and noncellular crosstalk is reproduced between tumor cells, immune cells, fibroblasts, adipocytes, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) within the TME. In the future, by quickly preparing 3D bioprinted tumor models with patient-derived components, information on tumor immunotherapy resistance can be obtained timely for clinical reference. The combined application with tumoroid or other 3D culture technologies will also help to better simulate the complexity and dynamics of tumor microenvironment in vitro. We aim to provide new perspectives for overcoming cancer immunotherapy resistance and inspire multidisciplinary research to improve the clinical application of 3D bioprinting technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyi Zhang
- Bethune Third Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, NO. 126, Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Sujie Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Xuedong Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, NO. 126, Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, China.
| | - Shengnan Ren
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital Yunnan, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, NO. 519, Kunzhou Street, Kunming, 650118, China.
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7
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Ong JLK, Jalaludin NFF, Wong MK, Tan SH, Angelina C, Sukhatme SA, Yeo T, Lim CT, Lee YT, Soh SY, Lim TKH, Tay TKY, Chang KTE, Chen ZX, Loh AH. Exosomal mRNA Cargo are biomarkers of tumor and immune cell populations in pediatric osteosarcoma. Transl Oncol 2024; 46:102008. [PMID: 38852279 PMCID: PMC11220529 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the commonest malignant bone tumor of children and adolescents and is characterized by a high risk of recurrence despite multimodal therapy, especially in metastatic disease. This suggests the presence of clinically undetected cancer cells that persist, leading to cancer recurrence. We sought to evaluate the utility of peripheral blood exosomes as a more sensitive yet minimally invasive blood test that could aid in evaluating treatment response and surveillance for potential disease recurrence. We extracted exosomes from the blood of pediatric osteosarcoma patients at diagnosis (n=7) and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n=5 subset), as well as from age-matched cancer-free controls (n=3). We also obtained matched tumor biopsy samples (n=7) from the cases. Exosome isolation was verified by CD9 immunoblot and characterized on electron microscopy. Profiles of 780 cancer-related transcripts were analysed in mRNA from exosomes of osteosarcoma patients at diagnosis and control patients, matched post-chemotherapy samples, and matched primary tumor samples. Peripheral blood exosomes of osteosarcoma patients at diagnosis were significantly smaller than those of controls and overexpressed extracellular matrix protein gene THBS1 and B cell markers MS4A1 and TCL1A. Immunohistochemical staining of corresponding tumor samples verified the expression of THBS1 on tumor cells and osteoid matrix, and its persistence in a treatment-refractory patient, as well as the B cell origin of the latter. These hold potential as liquid biopsy biomarkers of disease burden and host immune response in osteosarcoma. Our findings suggest that exosomes may provide novel and clinically-important insights into the pathophysiology of cancers such as osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Meng Kang Wong
- VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumor Programme, Children's Blood and Cancer Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheng Hui Tan
- VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumor Programme, Children's Blood and Cancer Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clara Angelina
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sarvesh A Sukhatme
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Trifanny Yeo
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - York Tien Lee
- Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumor Programme, Children's Blood and Cancer Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Paediatric Surgery, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shui Yen Soh
- Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumor Programme, Children's Blood and Cancer Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Paediatric Subspecialties Haematology/Oncology Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tony K H Lim
- Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Anatomic Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Timothy Kwang Yong Tay
- Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Anatomic Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kenneth Tou En Chang
- Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumor Programme, Children's Blood and Cancer Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhi Xiong Chen
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumor Programme, Children's Blood and Cancer Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amos Hp Loh
- Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumor Programme, Children's Blood and Cancer Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Paediatric Surgery, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
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8
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Lyu Z, Xin M, Oyston DR, Xue T, Kang H, Wang X, Wang Z, Li Q. Cause and consequence of heterogeneity in human mesenchymal stem cells: Challenges in clinical application. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155354. [PMID: 38870711 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are mesoderm-derived adult stem cells with self-proliferation capacity, pluripotent differentiation potency, and excellent histocompatibility. These advantages make hMSCs a promising tool in clinical application. However, the majority of clinical trials using hMSC therapy for diverse human diseases do not achieve expectations, despite the prospective pre-clinical outcomes in animal models. This is partly attributable to the intrinsic heterogeneity of hMSCs. In this review, the cause of heterogeneity in hMSCs is systematically discussed at multiple levels, including isolation methods, cultural conditions, donor-to-donor variation, tissue sources, intra-tissue subpopulations, etc. Additionally, the effect of hMSCs heterogeneity on the contrary role in tumor progression and immunomodulation is also discussed. The attempts to understand the cellular heterogeneity of hMSCs and its consequences are important in supporting and improving therapeutic strategies for hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Lyu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Miaomiao Xin
- Assisted Reproductive Center, Women's & Children's Hospital of Northwest, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Dale Reece Oyston
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tingyu Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Kang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangling Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Medical Center of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qian Li
- Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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9
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Huang M, Li S, Zeng H, Zhu Y, Zhang F, Cai J. Exosomal miR-196a-5p contributes to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma malignant progression by inhibiting ITM2B. Pathol Int 2024; 74:464-474. [PMID: 38940569 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes from cancer cells function as carriers to spread or transport specific microRNAs (miRNAs) to distant sites to exert their effects, but the mechanism of exosomal miRNA action in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been fully explained. Therefore, in this study, we were interested in the impact of exosomal miR-196a-5p in ESCC progression. We found that miR-196a-5p was expressed enriched in clinical tissues, ESCC cells, and exosomes. Functionally, depletion of miR-196a-5p impeded ESCC cell growth, migration, and invasion, whereas overexpression of miR-196a-5p produced the opposite results. Moreover, enhancement of exosomal miR-196a-5p in recipient ESCC cells triggered more intense proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, we identified integral membrane protein 2B (ITM2B) as a direct target of miR-196a-5p. Silencing of ITM2B partially counteracted the inhibitory effect of miR-196a-5p inhibitors on the malignant phenotype of ESCC. Furthermore, in vivo, lower miR-196a-5p levels triggered by the introduction of antagomiR-196a-5p resulted in the generation of smaller volume and weight xenograft tumors. Thus, our results demonstrated novel mechanisms of exosomal and intracellular miR-196a-5p-mediated ESCC growth and migration and identify the interaction of miR-196a-5p with ITM2B. These works might provide new targets and basis for the development of clinical treatment options for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Huang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Hai Zeng
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
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10
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Chen J, Duan Y, Che J, Zhu J. Dysfunction of dendritic cells in tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024. [PMID: 39051512 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) comprise diverse cell populations that play critical roles in antigen presentation and triggering immune responses in the body. However, several factors impair the immune function of DCs and may promote immune evasion in cancer. Understanding the mechanism of DC dysfunction and the diverse functions of heterogeneous DCs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical for designing effective strategies for cancer immunotherapy. Clinical applications targeting DCs summarized in this report aim to improve immune infiltration and enhance the biological function of DCs to modulate the TME to prevent cancer cells from evading the immune system. Herein, factors in the TME that induce DC dysfunction, such as cytokines, hypoxic environment, tumor exosomes and metabolites, and co-inhibitory molecules, have been described. Furthermore, several key signaling pathways involved in DC dysfunction and signal-relevant drugs evaluated in clinical trials were identified. Finally, this review provides an overview of current clinical immunotherapies targeting DCs, especially therapies with proven clinical outcomes, and explores future developments in DC immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Jecho Institute Co., Ltd, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yuhang Duan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Junye Che
- Jecho Institute Co., Ltd, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Jecho Institute Co., Ltd, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, P. R. China
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11
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Guo L, Xiao D, Xing H, Yang G, Yang X. Engineered exosomes as a prospective therapy for diabetic foot ulcers. BURNS & TRAUMA 2024; 12:tkae023. [PMID: 39026930 PMCID: PMC11255484 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), characterized by high recurrence rate, amputations and mortality, poses a significant challenge in diabetes management. The complex pathology involves dysregulated glucose homeostasis leading to systemic and local microenvironmental complications, including peripheral neuropathy, micro- and macro-angiopathy, recurrent infection, persistent inflammation and dysregulated re-epithelialization. Novel approaches to accelerate DFU healing are actively pursued, with a focus on utilizing exosomes. Exosomes are natural nanovesicles mediating cellular communication and containing diverse functional molecular cargos, including DNA, mRNA, microRNA (miRNA), lncRNA, proteins, lipids and metabolites. While some exosomes show promise in modulating cellular function and promoting ulcer healing, their efficacy is limited by low yield, impurities, low loading content and inadequate targeting. Engineering exosomes to enhance their curative activity represents a potentially more efficient approach for DFUs. This could facilitate focused repair and regeneration of nerves, blood vessels and soft tissue after ulcer development. This review provides an overview of DFU pathogenesis, strategies for exosome engineering and the targeted therapeutic application of engineered exosomes in addressing critical pathological changes associated with DFUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Guo
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #127, Xi'an 710032, China
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #127, Xi'an 710032, China
- Cadet Team 6 of School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #127, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Dan Xiao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #127, Xi'an 710032, China
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #127, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Helin Xing
- Department of Prosthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tiantanxili Street #4, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guodong Yang
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #127, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xuekang Yang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #127, Xi'an 710032, China
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12
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Soni N, Bissa B. Exosomes, Circadian Rhythms, and Cancer Precision Medicine: New Frontiers. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00169-X. [PMID: 39032591 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
"The environment shapes people's actions," a well-known proverb, strongly dictates that a change in our way of life changes our behavior. Circadian rhythms have been identified as a mechanism for maintaining homeostasis in the body, which, if disrupted by sleeping patterns, could result in significant metabolic alterations that adversely affect our health. The changes induced by circadian rhythm alter the secretion and cargo selection in exosomes which are nanovesicles important for intercellular communication. Exosomes were formerly known as "junk particles" but are now recognized as miniature copies of a cell's genetic material. Dysregulation of circadian rhythm has shown that it changes the gene expression of a cell to some extent and significantly alters the exosomal release. Meanwhile, cells secrete exosomes continuously to align the rhythmicity of the biological clock. In this study, we integrate circadian rhythms and exosomes with precision medicines to find better approaches to early diagnosis and treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Soni
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Bhawana Bissa
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.
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13
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Samal S, Barik D, Shyamal S, Jena S, Panda AC, Dash M. Synergistic Interaction between Polysaccharide-Based Extracellular Matrix and Mineralized Osteoblast-Derived EVs Promotes Bone Regeneration via miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Axis. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:4139-4155. [PMID: 38924768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from bone progenitor cells are advantageous as cell-free and non-immunogenic cargo delivery vehicles. In this study, EVs are isolated from MC3T3-E1 cells before (GM-EVs) and after mineralization for 7 and 14 days (DM-EVs). It was observed that DM-EVs accelerate the process of differentiation in recipient cells more prominently. The small RNA sequencing of EVs revealed that miR-204-5p, miR-221-3p, and miR-148a-3p are among the highly upregulated miRNAs that have an inhibitory effect on the function of mRNAs, Sox11, Timp3, and Ccna2 in host cells, which is probably responsible for enhancing the activity of osteoblastic genes. To enhance the bioavailability of EVs, they are encapsulated in a chitosan-collagen composite hydrogel that serves as a bioresorbable extracellular matrix (ECM). The EVs-integrated scaffold (DM-EVs + Scaffold) enhances bone regeneration in critical-sized calvarial bone defects in rats within 8 weeks of implantation by providing the ECM cues. The shelf life of DM-EVs + Scaffold indicates that the bioactivity of EVs and their cargo in the polymer matrix remains intact for up to 30 days. Integrating mineralized cell-derived EVs into an ECM represents a bioresorbable matrix with a cell-free method for promoting new bone formation through the miRNA-mRNA regulatory axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasmita Samal
- BRIC-Institute of Life Sciences (BRIC-ILS), Bhubaneswar 751023 Odisha, India
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024 Odisha, India
| | - Debyashreeta Barik
- BRIC-Institute of Life Sciences (BRIC-ILS), Bhubaneswar 751023 Odisha, India
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024 Odisha, India
| | - Sharmishtha Shyamal
- BRIC-Institute of Life Sciences (BRIC-ILS), Bhubaneswar 751023 Odisha, India
- ICMR-National Institute for Reproduction Biology and Child Health, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Sarita Jena
- BRIC-Institute of Life Sciences (BRIC-ILS), Bhubaneswar 751023 Odisha, India
| | - Amaresh C Panda
- BRIC-Institute of Life Sciences (BRIC-ILS), Bhubaneswar 751023 Odisha, India
| | - Mamoni Dash
- BRIC-Institute of Life Sciences (BRIC-ILS), Bhubaneswar 751023 Odisha, India
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14
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Kumar RMR. Exosomal microRNAs: impact on cancer detection, treatment, and monitoring. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03590-6. [PMID: 38971914 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes, measuring between 30 and 150 nm in diameter, are small vesicles enclosed by a lipid bilayer membrane. They are released by various cells in the body and carry a diverse payload of molecules, including proteins, lipids, mRNA, and different RNA species such as long non-coding RNA, circular RNA, and microRNA (miRNA). With lengths of approximately 19-22 nucleotides, miRNAs constitute the predominant cargo in exosomes and serve as crucial regulators of protein biosynthesis. In cancer detection, exosomal miRNAs show promise as non-invasive biomarkers due to their stability and presence in various bodily fluids, aiding in early detection and precise diagnosis with specific miRNA signatures linked to different cancer types. Moreover, exosomal miRNAs influence treatment outcomes by affecting cellular processes like cell growth, cell death, and drug resistance, thereby impacting response to therapy. Additionally, they serve as indicators of disease progression and treatment response, providing insights that can guide treatment decisions and improve patient care. Through longitudinal studies, changes in exosomal miRNA profiles have been observed to correlate with disease progression, metastasis, and response to therapy, highlighting their potential for real-time monitoring of tumor dynamics and treatment efficacy. Understanding the intricate roles of exosomal miRNAs in cancer biology offers opportunities for developing innovative diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies tailored to individual patients, ultimately advancing precision medicine approaches and improving outcomes for cancer patients. This review aims to provide an understanding of the role of exosomal miRNAs in cancer detection, treatment, and monitoring, shedding light on their potential for revolutionising oncology practices and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Mohan Ram Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
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15
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Zhang D, Jiang Y, Wang M, Zhao J, Wan J, Li Z, Huang D, Yu J, Li J, Liu J, Huang F, Hao S. A novel costimulatory molecule gene-modified leukemia cell-derived exosome enhances the anti-leukemia efficacy of DC vaccine in mouse models. Vaccine 2024:S0264-410X(24)00738-2. [PMID: 38960787 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Leukemia cell-derived exosomes (LEXs), carrying leukemia cell-specific antigens, can serve as a source of antigen for dendritic cell (DC) vaccine loading. However, LEX-targeted DC-based vaccines have demonstrated limited antitumor immune effects in clinical trials, attributed to the low immunogenicity of LEXs and the scant levels of costimulatory molecules on DCs. The costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, which are crucial to DC function, play a significant role in enhancing immune efficacy. In this study, we explored the anti-leukemia immune response of costimulatory molecule gene-modified LEX-targeted DCs (LEX-8086) in vitro and in animal models. METHODS DCs were incubated with LEX-8086 to produce LEX-8086-targeted DCs (DCsLEX-8086). ELISA, cytotoxicity assays and flow cytometry utilized to assess the antitumor efficacy of DCsLEX8086 in vitro. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the immunomodulatory function of DCsLEX8086 in animal models. RESULTS Our findings indicated that LEX-8086 enhanced the maturation and antigen-presenting ability of DCs. Immunization with DCsLEX8086 significantly activated CD8+ T cells and boosted the CTL response in vitro. More importantly, DCsLEX-8086 effectively suppressed tumor growth and exerted anti-leukemia effects in both prophylactic and therapeutic animal models. Furthermore, DCsLEX-8086 promoted the proportion of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and M1 macrophages in the tumor environments both prophylactically and therapeutically. Treatment with DCsLEX-8086 showed no significant difference in the levels of M2 macrophages but decreased the proportion of Tregs within the tumor bed during therapeutic experiments. CONCLUSION The results suggested that DCsLEX-8086 induces a more effective anti-leukemia immunity compared to DCsLEX-null in vivo and in vitro. DCsLEX-8086 might achieve antitumor effects by elevating the numbers of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and M1 macrophages in tumors. Our findings indicate that DCsLEX-8086 could be leveraged to develop a new, highly effective vaccine for anti-leukemia immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Difan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangbo Wan
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Siguo Hao
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Rubenich DS, Domagalski JL, Gentil GFS, Eichberger J, Fiedler M, Weber F, Federlin M, Poeck H, Reichert TE, Ettl T, Bauer RJ, Braganhol E, Schulz D. The immunomodulatory ballet of tumour-derived extracellular vesicles and neutrophils orchestrating the dynamic CD73/PD-L1 pathway in cancer. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12480. [PMID: 38978304 PMCID: PMC11231043 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a global cancer burden with a 5-year overall survival rate of around 50%, stagnant for decades. A tumour-induced immunosuppressive microenvironment contributes to HNSCC progression, with the adenosine (ADO) pathway and an upregulated expression of inhibitory immune checkpoint regulators playing a key role in this context. The correlation between high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with advanced tumour staging suggests involvement of neutrophils (NØ) in cancer progression. Interestingly, we associated a high NLR with an increased intracellular PD-L1 localization in primary HNSCC samples, potentially mediating more aggressive tumour characteristics and therefore synergistically favouring tumour progression. Still, further research is needed to harness this knowledge for effective treatments and overcome resistance. Since it is hypothesized that the tumour microenvironment (TME) may be influenced by small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) secreted by tumours (TEX), this study aims to investigate the impact of HNSCC-derived TEX on NØ and blockade of ADO receptors as a potential strategy to reverse the pro-tumour phenotype of NØ. UMSCC47-TEX exhibited CD73 enzymatic activity involved in ADO signalling, as well as the immune checkpoint inhibitor PD-L1. Data revealed that TEX induce chemotaxis of NØ and the sustained interaction promotes a shift into a pro-tumour phenotype, dependent on ADO receptors (P1R), increasing CD170high subpopulation, CD73 and PD-L1 expression, followed by an immunosuppressive secretome. Blocking A3R reduced CD73 and PD-L1 expression. Co-culture experiments with HNSCC cells demonstrated that TEX-modulated NØ increase the CD73/PD-L1 axis, through Cyclin D-CDK4/6 signalling. To support these findings, the CAM model with primary tumour was treated with NØ supernatant. Moreover, these NØ promoted an increase in migration, invasion, and reduced cell death. Targeting P1R on NØ, particularly A3R, exhibited potential therapeutic strategy to counteract immunosuppression in HNSCC. Understanding the TEX-mediated crosstalk between tumours and NØ offers insights into immunomodulation for improving cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique S. Rubenich
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryUniversity Hospital RegensburgRegensburgGermany
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Experimental Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center for Medical BiotechnologyUniversity Hospital RegensburgRegensburgGermany
- Biosciences Graduate ProgramFederal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA)Porto AlegreBrazil
| | - Jordana L. Domagalski
- Biosciences Graduate ProgramFederal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA)Porto AlegreBrazil
| | - Gabriela F. S. Gentil
- Biosciences Graduate ProgramFederal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA)Porto AlegreBrazil
| | - Jonas Eichberger
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryUniversity Hospital RegensburgRegensburgGermany
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Experimental Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center for Medical BiotechnologyUniversity Hospital RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Mathias Fiedler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryUniversity Hospital RegensburgRegensburgGermany
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Experimental Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center for Medical BiotechnologyUniversity Hospital RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Florian Weber
- Institute of PathologyUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Marianne Federlin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and PeriodontologyUniversity Medical Center RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Hendrik Poeck
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Internal Medicine IIIUniversity Hospital RegensburgRegensburgGermany
- Leibnitz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT)RegensburgGermany
| | - Torsten E. Reichert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryUniversity Hospital RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Tobias Ettl
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryUniversity Hospital RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Richard J. Bauer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryUniversity Hospital RegensburgRegensburgGermany
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Experimental Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center for Medical BiotechnologyUniversity Hospital RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Elizandra Braganhol
- Biosciences Graduate ProgramFederal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA)Porto AlegreBrazil
| | - Daniela Schulz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryUniversity Hospital RegensburgRegensburgGermany
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Experimental Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center for Medical BiotechnologyUniversity Hospital RegensburgRegensburgGermany
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17
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Pirouzpanah MB, Babaie S, Pourzeinali S, Valizadeh H, Malekeh S, Şahin F, Farshbaf-Khalili A. Harnessing tumor-derived exosomes: A promising approach for the expansion of clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic outcome of prostate cancer. Biofactors 2024; 50:674-692. [PMID: 38205673 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of men's death worldwide. Although early diagnosis and therapy for localized prostate cancer have improved, the majority of men with metastatic disease die from prostate cancer annually. Therefore, identification of the cellular-molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of prostate cancer is essential for overcoming controlled proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that mediate most cells' interactions and contain membrane proteins, cytosolic and nuclear proteins, extracellular matrix proteins, lipids, metabolites, and nucleic acids. Exosomes play an essential role in paracrine pathways, potentially influencing Prostate cancer progression through a wide variety of mechanisms. In the present review, we outline and discuss recent progress in our understanding of the role of exosomes in the Prostate cancer microenvironment, like their involvement in prostate cancer occurrence, progression, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, and drug resistance. We also present the latest findings regarding the function of exosomes as biomarkers, direct therapeutic targets in prostate cancer, and the challenges and advantages associated with using exosomes as natural carriers and in exosome-based immunotherapy. These findings are a promising avenue for the expansion of potential clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soraya Babaie
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samira Pourzeinali
- Amiralmomenin Hospital of Charoimagh, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Valizadeh
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samira Malekeh
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fikrettin Şahin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Azizeh Farshbaf-Khalili
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
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18
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Hu R, Korutla L, Vallabhajosyula P. Peripheral Blood Extracellular Vesicle RNA Profiling: The Next Step in Cancer Liquid Biopsies. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:4179-4181. [PMID: 38755337 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-15400-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
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19
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Jacobson R, Ha S, Tani S, Ghosh S, Jarajapu YPR, Brand RE, Kim J, Choi Y. Differential extracellular vesicle concentration and their biomarker expression of integrin α v/β 5, EpCAM, and glypican-1 in pancreatic cancer models. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14273. [PMID: 38902362 PMCID: PMC11189911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) show great potential as biomarkers for several diseases, including pancreatic cancer, due to their roles in cancer development and progression. However, the challenge of utilizing EVs as biomarkers lies in their inherent heterogeneity in terms of size and concentration, making accurate quantification difficult, which is highly dependent on the isolation and quantification methods used. In our study, we compared three EV isolation techniques and two EV quantification methods. We observed variations in EV concentration, with approximately 1.5-fold differences depending on the quantification method used. Interestingly, all EV isolation techniques consistently yielded similar EV quantities, overall size distribution, and modal sizes. In contrast, we found a notable increase in total EV amounts in samples from pancreatic cancer cell lines, mouse models, and patient plasma, compared to non-cancerous conditions. Moreover, individual tumor-derived EVs exhibited at least a 3-fold increase in several EV biomarkers. Our data, obtained from EVs isolated using various techniques and quantified through different methods, as well as originating from various pancreatic cancer models, suggests that EV profiling holds promise for the identification of unique and cancer-specific biomarkers in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reed Jacobson
- Departments of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
- Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Sangdeuk Ha
- Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Sakurako Tani
- Departments of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Shrinwanti Ghosh
- Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Yagna P R Jarajapu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Randall E Brand
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Jiha Kim
- Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA.
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA.
| | - Yongki Choi
- Departments of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA.
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA.
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20
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Gan L, Zheng L, Zou J, Luo P, Chen T, Zou J, Li W, Chen Q, Cheng L, Zhang F, Qian B. Critical roles of lncRNA-mediated autophagy in urologic malignancies. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1405199. [PMID: 38939836 PMCID: PMC11208713 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1405199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Urologic oncology is a significant public health concern on a global scale. Recent research indicates that long chain non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and autophagy play crucial roles in various cancers, including urologic malignancies. This article provides a summary of the latest research findings, suggesting that lncRNA-mediated autophagy could either suppress or promote tumors in prostate, kidney, and bladder cancers. The intricate network involving different lncRNAs, target genes, and mediated signaling pathways plays a crucial role in urological malignancies by modulating the autophagic process. Dysregulated expression of lncRNAs can disrupt autophagy, leading to tumorigenesis, progression, and enhanced resistance to therapy. Consequently, targeting particular lncRNAs that control autophagy could serve as a dependable diagnostic tool and a promising prognostic biomarker in urologic oncology, while also holding potential as an effective therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Gan
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Urology and Andrology of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liying Zheng
- Department of Graduate, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junrong Zou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Urology and Andrology of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Peiyue Luo
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Urology and Andrology of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tao Chen
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Urology and Andrology of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun Zou
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Urology and Andrology of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Li
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Urology and Andrology of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qi Chen
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Urology and Andrology of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Le Cheng
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Urology and Andrology of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fangtao Zhang
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Urology and Andrology of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Biao Qian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Urology and Andrology of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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21
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Sun W, Jiang C, Liu Q, Wang N, Huang R, Jiang G, Yang Y. Exosomal noncoding RNAs: decoding their role in thyroid cancer progression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1337226. [PMID: 38933820 PMCID: PMC11199389 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1337226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, as pivotal entities within the tumor microenvironment, orchestrate intercellular communication through the transfer of diverse molecules, among which non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs play a crucial role. These ncRNAs, endowed with regulatory functions, are selectively incorporated into exosomes. Emerging evidence underscores the significance of exosomal ncRNAs in modulating key oncogenic processes in thyroid cancer (TC), including proliferation, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, and immunoediting. The unique composition of exosomes shields their cargo from enzymatic and chemical degradation, ensuring their integrity and facilitating their specific expression in plasma. This positions exosomal ncRNAs as promising candidates for novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in TC. Moreover, the potential of exosomes in the therapeutic landscape of TC is increasingly recognized. This review aims to elucidate the intricate relationship between exosomal ncRNAs and TC, fostering a deeper comprehension of their mechanistic involvement. By doing so, it endeavors to propel forward the exploration of exosomal ncRNAs in TC, ultimately paving the way for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies predicated on exosomes and their ncRNA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Sun
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Endocrinology Department, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chenjun Jiang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Na Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Runchun Huang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gengchen Jiang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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22
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Tiwari P, Yadav K, Shukla RP, Bakshi AK, Panwar D, Das S, Mishra PR. Extracellular vesicles-powered immunotherapy: Unleashing the potential for safer and more effective cancer treatment. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 756:110022. [PMID: 38697343 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Cancer treatment has seen significant advancements with the introduction of Onco-immunotherapies (OIMTs). Although some of these therapies have received approval for use, others are either undergoing testing or are still in the early stages of development. Challenges persist in making immunotherapy widely applicable to cancer treatment. To maximize the benefits of immunotherapy and minimize potential side effects, it's essential to improve response rates across different immunotherapy methods. A promising development in this area is the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as novel delivery systems. These small vesicles can effectively deliver immunotherapies, enhancing their effectiveness and reducing harmful side effects. This article discusses the importance of integrating nanomedicines into OIMTs, highlighting the challenges with current anti-OIMT methods. It also explores key considerations for designing nanomedicines tailored for OIMTs, aiming to improve upon existing immunotherapy techniques. Additionally, the article looks into innovative approaches like biomimicry and the use of natural biomaterial-based nanocarriers (NCs). These advancements have the potential to transform the delivery of immunotherapy. Lastly, the article addresses the challenges of moving OIMTs from theory to clinical practice, providing insights into the future of using advanced nanotechnology in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha Tiwari
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow, India; Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Krishna Yadav
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow, India
| | - Ravi Prakash Shukla
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow, India
| | - Avijit Kumar Bakshi
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow, India
| | - Dilip Panwar
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow, India
| | - Sweety Das
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow, India
| | - Prabhat Ranjan Mishra
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P., India.
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23
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Wang KN, Zhou K, Zhong NN, Cao LM, Li ZZ, Xiao Y, Wang GR, Huo FY, Zhou JJ, Liu B, Bu LL. Enhancing cancer therapy: The role of drug delivery systems in STAT3 inhibitor efficacy and safety. Life Sci 2024; 346:122635. [PMID: 38615745 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a member of the STAT family, resides in the nucleus to regulate genes essential for vital cellular functions, including survival, proliferation, self-renewal, angiogenesis, and immune response. However, continuous STAT3 activation in tumor cells promotes their initiation, progression, and metastasis, rendering STAT3 pathway inhibitors a promising avenue for cancer therapy. Nonetheless, these inhibitors frequently encounter challenges such as cytotoxicity and suboptimal biocompatibility in clinical trials. A viable strategy to mitigate these issues involves delivering STAT3 inhibitors via drug delivery systems (DDSs). This review delineates the regulatory mechanisms of the STAT3 signaling pathway and its association with cancer. It offers a comprehensive overview of the current application of DDSs for anti-STAT3 inhibitors and investigates the role of DDSs in cancer treatment. The conclusion posits that DDSs for anti-STAT3 inhibitors exhibit enhanced efficacy and reduced adverse effects in tumor therapy compared to anti-STAT3 inhibitors alone. This paper aims to provide an outline of the ongoing research and future prospects of DDSs for STAT3 inhibitors. Additionally, it presents our insights on the merits and future outlook of DDSs in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Kan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Nian-Nian Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Lei-Ming Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zi-Zhan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Guang-Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Fang-Yi Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial, Anyang Sixth People's Hospital, Anyang 45500, China.
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial - Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Lin-Lin Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial - Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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24
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Xie P, Xue X, Li X. Recent Progress in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes for Skin Wound Repair. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01328-3. [PMID: 38811472 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes are nanometer-sized, lipid bilayer membrane vesicles that are secreted by various cell types. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to exert therapeutic effects through the secretion of exosomes via a paracrine pathway. Functions: Recent studies have demonstrated that MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) can effectively transport various bioactive substances, including proteins, mRNAs, microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, and lipids, into target cells. This process regulates multiple aspects during wound repair, such as the inflammatory response, cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, angiogenesis, and matrix remodeling. POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS By promoting wound healing and inhibiting scar formation, MSC-Exos have shown great promise for clinical applications in wound repair. This review highlights the recent advances in our understanding of the role and mechanism of MSC-Exos during wound repair, providing insights into their potential use in future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Xie
- Department of Plastic Surgery, People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaodong Xue
- Department of Plastic Surgery, People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Center for Cosmetic Surgery, General Hospital of Lanzhou Petrochemical Company (The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine), Lanzhou, 730060, Gansu, China.
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25
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Sharma A, Yadav A, Nandy A, Ghatak S. Insight into the Functional Dynamics and Challenges of Exosomes in Pharmaceutical Innovation and Precision Medicine. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:709. [PMID: 38931833 PMCID: PMC11206934 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Of all the numerous nanosized extracellular vesicles released by a cell, the endosomal-originated exosomes are increasingly recognized as potential therapeutics, owing to their inherent stability, low immunogenicity, and targeted delivery capabilities. This review critically evaluates the transformative potential of exosome-based modalities across pharmaceutical and precision medicine landscapes. Because of their precise targeted biomolecular cargo delivery, exosomes are posited as ideal candidates in drug delivery, enhancing regenerative medicine strategies, and advancing diagnostic technologies. Despite the significant market growth projections of exosome therapy, its utilization is encumbered by substantial scientific and regulatory challenges. These include the lack of universally accepted protocols for exosome isolation and the complexities associated with navigating the regulatory environment, particularly the guidelines set forth by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This review presents a comprehensive overview of current research trajectories aimed at addressing these impediments and discusses prospective advancements that could substantiate the clinical translation of exosomal therapies. By providing a comprehensive analysis of both the capabilities and hurdles inherent to exosome therapeutic applications, this article aims to inform and direct future research paradigms, thereby fostering the integration of exosomal systems into mainstream clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Subhadip Ghatak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; (A.S.); (A.Y.); (A.N.)
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26
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Shojaeian A, Naeimi Torshizi SR, Parsapasand MS, Amjad ZS, Khezrian A, Alibakhshi A, Yun F, Baghaei K, Amini R, Pecic S. Harnessing exosomes in theranostic applications: advancements and insights in gastrointestinal cancer research. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:162. [PMID: 38743146 PMCID: PMC11093943 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (30-150 nm) that are formed by endocytosis containing complex RNA as well as protein structures and are vital in intercellular communication and can be used in gene therapy and drug delivery. According to the cell sources of origin and the environmental conditions they are exposed to, these nanovesicles are very heterogeneous and dynamic in terms of content (cargo), size and membrane composition. Exosomes are released under physiological and pathological conditions and influence the pathogenesis of cancers through various mechanisms, including angiogenesis, metastasis, immune dysregulation, drug resistance, and tumor growth/development. Gastrointestinal cancer is one of the deadliest types of cancer in humans and can involve organs e.g., the esophagus and stomach, or others such as the liver, pancreas, small intestine, and colon. Early diagnosis is very important in this field because the overall survival of patients is low due to diagnosis in late stages and recurrence. Also, various therapeutic strategies have failed and there is an unmet need for the new therapeutic agents. Exosomes can become promising candidates in gastrointestinal cancers as biomarkers and therapeutic agents due to their lower immunity and passing the main physiological barriers. In this work, we provide a general overview of exosomes, their biogenesis and biological functions. In addition, we discuss the potential of exosomes to serve as biomarkers, agents in cancer treatment, drug delivery systems, and effective vaccines in immunotherapy, with an emphasis on gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shojaeian
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - S R Naeimi Torshizi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Sadat Parsapasand
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Sobhi Amjad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Khezrian
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abbas Alibakhshi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Faye Yun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, USA
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Amini
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Stevan Pecic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, USA.
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27
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Ma D, Luo Y, Zhang X, Xie Z, Yan Y, Ding CF. A highly sensitive and selective fluorescent biosensor for breast cancer derived exosomes using click reaction of azide-CD63 aptamer and alkyne-polymer dots. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:2751-2759. [PMID: 38634398 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00146j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes have gained recognition as valuable reservoirs of biomarkers, holding immense potential for early cancer detection. Consequently, there is a pressing need for the development of an economical and highly sensitive exosome detection methodology. In this work, we present a fluorescence method for breast cancer-derived exosome detection based on Cu-triggered click reaction of azide-modified CD63 aptamer and alkyne functionalized Pdots. The detection threshold for the exosomes obtained from the breast cancer serum was determined to be 6.09 × 107 particles per μL, while the measurable range spanned from 6.50 × 107 to 1.30 × 109 particles per μL. The employed methodology achieved notable success in accurately distinguishing breast cancer patients from healthy individuals through serum analysis. The application of this method showcases the significant potential for early exosome analysis in the clinical diagnosis of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dumei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Yiting Luo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Xiaoya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Zehu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Yinghua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Chuan-Fan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
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28
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Khaloozadeh F, Razmara E, Asgharpour-Babayian F, Fallah A, Ramezani R, Rouhollah F, Babashah S. Exosomes derived from colorectal cancer cells take part in activation of stromal fibroblasts through regulating PHLPP isoforms. EXCLI JOURNAL 2024; 23:634-654. [PMID: 38887393 PMCID: PMC11180944 DOI: 10.17179/excli2024-6926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Given that tumor cells primarily instigate systemic changes through exosome secretion, our study delved into the role of colorectal cancer (CRC)-secreted exosomal miR-224 in stromal reprogramming and its impact on endothelial cell angiogenesis. Furthermore, we assessed the potential clinical significance of a specific signature of circulating serum-derived miRNAs, serving as a non-invasive biomarker for CRC diagnosis. Circulating serum-derived miR-103a-3p, miR-135b-5p, miR-182-5p, and miR-224-5p were significantly up-regulated, while miR-215-5p, and miR-455-5p showed a significant down-regulation in CRC patients than in healthy individuals. Our findings indicated that the expressions of CAF-specific markers (α-SMA and FAP) and CAF-derived cytokines (IL-6, and SDF-1) were induced in fibroblasts stimulated with SW480 CRC exosomes, partly due to Akt activation. As a plausible mechanism, exosomal transfer of miR-224 from SW40 CRC cells may activate stromal fibroblasts, which in turn, may promote endothelial cell sprouting. The study identified PHLPP1 and PHLPP2 as direct targets of miR-224 and demonstrated that CRC-secreted exosomal miR-224 activates Akt signaling by regulating PHLPP1/2 in activated fibroblasts, thereby affecting the stromal cell proliferation and migration. This study established a panel of six-circulating serum-derived miRNAs as a non-invasive biomarker for CRC diagnosis. Also, we proposed a supporting model in which CRC-secreted exosomal miR-224 takes part in the stromal reprogramming to CAFs partly through regulating Akt signaling. This may affect the malignant biological behavior of activated stromal cells and thereby elicit a vascular response within the microenvironment of CRC cells. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khaloozadeh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Razmara
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Fallah
- Research and Development Center of Biotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Ramezani
- Department of Family Therapy, Women Research Center, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rouhollah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Babashah
- Research and Development Center of Biotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Yang L, He Y, Liu S, Gan L, Ni Q, Dai A, Mu C, Liu Q, Chen H, Lu H, Sun R. Adipocyte-derived exosomes from obstructive sleep apnoea rats aggravate MASLD by TCONS_00039830/miR-455-3p/Smad2 axis. Commun Biol 2024; 7:492. [PMID: 38654054 PMCID: PMC11039760 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06171-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A correlation exists between obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and the severity of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), OSA can induce more severe MASLD. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism between the two is unclear. To this end, this study explored the role and possible molecular mechanisms of adipocyte-derived exosomes under OSA in aggravating MASLD. Through sequencing technology, miR-455-3p was identified as a co-differentially expressed miRNA between the MASLD + OSA and Control groups and between the MASLD + OSA and MASLD groups. Upregulation of TCONS-00039830 and Smad2 and downregulation of miR-455-3p in the MASLD and MASLD + OSA groups were validated in vivo and in vitro. TCONS-00039830, as a differentially expressed LncRNA in exosomes found in the sequencing results, transfection notably downregulated miR-455-3p and upregulated Smad2 in hepatocytes. TCONS_00039830 overexpression increased fat, triglyceride and cholesterol levels, while miR-455-3p overexpression decreased these levels. Furthermore, exosome administration promoted the accumulation of fat, triglyceride and cholesterol, upregulated TCONS_00039830 and Smad2, and downregulated miR-455-3p. Overexpression of miR-455-3p reversed the increased fat accumulation and upregulated TCONS_00039830 and Smad2. In conclusion, OSA-derived exosomes promoted hepatocyte steatosis by regulating TCONS_00039830/miR-455-3p/Smad2 axis, thereby aggravating liver damage in MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Hypertension Center, Yan 'an Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China.
- Kunming Technical Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Refractory Hypertension, Kunming, China.
| | - Yan He
- Hypertension Center, Yan 'an Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
- Kunming Technical Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Refractory Hypertension, Kunming, China
| | - Shijie Liu
- Hypertension Center, Yan 'an Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
- Kunming Technical Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Refractory Hypertension, Kunming, China
| | - Lulu Gan
- Hypertension Center, Yan 'an Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
- Kunming Technical Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Refractory Hypertension, Kunming, China
| | - Qing Ni
- Hypertension Center, Yan 'an Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
- Kunming Technical Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Refractory Hypertension, Kunming, China
| | - Anni Dai
- Hypertension Center, Yan 'an Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
- Kunming Technical Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Refractory Hypertension, Kunming, China
| | - Changhuan Mu
- Hypertension Center, Yan 'an Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
- Kunming Technical Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Refractory Hypertension, Kunming, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Hypertension Center, Yan 'an Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
- Kunming Technical Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Refractory Hypertension, Kunming, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Hypertension Center, Yan 'an Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
- Kunming Technical Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Refractory Hypertension, Kunming, China
| | - Hongying Lu
- Hypertension Center, Yan 'an Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
- Kunming Technical Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Refractory Hypertension, Kunming, China
| | - Ruixue Sun
- Hypertension Center, Yan 'an Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
- Kunming Technical Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Refractory Hypertension, Kunming, China
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30
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Parihar K, Ko SH, Bradley R, Taylor P, Ramakrishnan N, Baumgart T, Guo W, Weaver VM, Janmey PA, Radhakrishnan R. Free energy calculations for membrane morphological transformations and insights to physical biology and oncology. Methods Enzymol 2024; 701:359-386. [PMID: 39025576 PMCID: PMC11258396 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2024.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
In this chapter, we aim to bridge basic molecular and cellular principles surrounding membrane curvature generation with rewiring of cellular signals in cancer through multiscale models. We describe a general framework that integrates signaling with other cellular functions like trafficking, cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion, and motility. The guiding question in our approach is: how does a physical change in cell membrane configuration caused by external stimuli (including those by the extracellular microenvironment) alter trafficking, signaling and subsequent cell fate? We answer this question by constructing a modeling framework based on stochastic spatial continuum models of cell membrane deformations. We apply this framework to explore the link between trafficking, signaling in the tumor microenvironment, and cell fate. At each stage, we aim to connect the results of our predictions with cellular experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitiz Parihar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Seung-Hyun Ko
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ryan Bradley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Phillip Taylor
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - N Ramakrishnan
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tobias Baumgart
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Biology, School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Department of Surgery, Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Paul A Janmey
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ravi Radhakrishnan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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31
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Boudna M, Machackova T, Vychytilova-Faltejskova P, Trachtova K, Bartosova R, Catela Ivkovic T, Al Tukmachi D, Jugas R, Pifkova L, Orlickova J, Kotoucek J, Pavlikova M, Sachlova M, Bohovicova L, Stanek T, Halamkova J, Kiss I, Grolich T, Svoboda M, Kala Z, Souckova K, Slaby O. Investigation of long non-coding RNAs in extracellular vesicles from low-volume blood serum specimens of colorectal cancer patients. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:67. [PMID: 38568288 PMCID: PMC10991038 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most prevalent cancer type worldwide, which highlights the urgent need for non-invasive biomarkers for its early detection and improved prognosis. We aimed to investigate the patterns of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) collected from low-volume blood serum specimens of CRC patients, focusing on their potential as diagnostic biomarkers. Our research comprised two phases: an initial exploratory phase involving RNA sequencing of sEVs from 76 CRC patients and 29 healthy controls, and a subsequent validation phase with a larger cohort of 159 CRC patients and 138 healthy controls. Techniques such as dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blotting were utilized for sEV characterization. Optimized protocol for sEV purification, RNA isolation and preamplification was applied to successfully sequence the RNA content of sEVs and validate the results by RT-qPCR. We successfully isolated sEVs from blood serum and prepared sequencing libraries from a low amount of RNA. High-throughput sequencing identified differential levels of 460 transcripts between CRC patients and healthy controls, including mRNAs, lncRNAs, and pseudogenes, with approximately 20% being lncRNAs, highlighting several tumor-specific lncRNAs that have not been associated with CRC development and progression. The validation phase confirmed the upregulation of three lncRNAs (NALT1, AL096828, and LINC01637) in blood serum of CRC patients. This study not only identified lncRNA profiles in a population of sEVs from low-volume blood serum specimens of CRC patients but also highlights the value of innovative techniques in biomolecular research, particularly for the detection and analysis of low-abundance biomolecules in clinical samples. The identification of specific lncRNAs associated with CRC provides a foundation for future research into their functional roles in cancer development and potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Boudna
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tana Machackova
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Vychytilova-Faltejskova
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Trachtova
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Bartosova
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tina Catela Ivkovic
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Al Tukmachi
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robin Jugas
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Pifkova
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Orlickova
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kotoucek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Pavlikova
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milana Sachlova
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Bohovicova
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Teodor Stanek
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Halamkova
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Kiss
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Grolich
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Brno Bohunice, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Svoboda
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Brno Bohunice, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Kala
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Brno Bohunice, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Souckova
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Aydemir E, Yılmaz NZ, Bayrak ÖF, Sahin F. Investigating the Effects of Chordoma Cell-Derived Exosomes on the Tumorigenicity of Nucleus Pulposus Cells. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2024; 85:161-167. [PMID: 38449582 PMCID: PMC10914466 DOI: 10.1055/a-2018-4627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Interaction of tumor cells with the surrounding environment is essential for tumor growth and progression that eventually leads to metastasis. Growing evidence shows that extracellular vesicles also known as exosomes play a crucial role in signaling between the tumor and its microenvironment. Tumor-derived exosomes have generally protumorigenic effects such as metastasis, hypoxia, angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Methods In this study, exosomes were isolated from a chordoma cell line, MUG-Chor1, and characterized subsequently. The number of exosomes was determined and introduced into the healthy nucleus pulposus (NP) cells for 140 days. The protumorigenic effects of a chordoma cell line-derived exosomes that initiate the tumorigenesis on NP cells were investigated. The impact of tumor-derived exosomes on various cellular events including cell cycle, migration, proliferation, apoptosis, and viability has been studied by treating NP cells with chordoma cell-line-derived exosomes cells. Results Upon treatment with exosomes, the NP cells not only gained a chordoma-like morphology but also molecular characteristics such as alterations in the levels of certain gene expressions. The migratory and angiogenic capabilities of NP cells increased after treatment with chordoma-derived exosomes. Conclusion Based on our findings, we can conclude that exosomes carry information from tumor cells and may exert tumorigenic effects on nontumorous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Aydemir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Biruni University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Nur Zübeyda Yılmaz
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ömer Faruk Bayrak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Yeditepe University Medical School and Yeditepe University Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Fikrettin Sahin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Wang Y, Liu X, Wang B, Sun H, Ren Y, Zhang H. Compounding engineered mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: A potential rescue strategy for retinal degeneration. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116424. [PMID: 38471273 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of retinal degenerative diseases, including age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa, has been increasing globally and is linked to the aging population and improved life expectancy. These diseases are characterized by chronic, progressive neuronal damage or depletion of the photoreceptor cells in the retina, and limited effective treatment options are currently available. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-EXOs) containing cytokines, growth factors, lipids, mRNA, and miRNA, which act as mediators of intercellular communication transferring bioactive molecules to recipient cells, offer an appealing, non-cellular nanotherapeutic approach for retinal degenerative diseases. However, treatment specificity is compromised due to their high heterogeneity in size, content, functional effects, and parental cellular source. To improve this, engineered MSC-EXOs with increased drug-loading capacity, targeting ability, and resistance to bodily degradation and elimination have been developed. This review summarizes the recent advances in miRNAs of MSC-EXOs as a treatment for retinal degeneration, discussing the strategies and methods for engineering therapeutic MSC-EXOs. Notably, to address the single functional role of engineered MSC-EXOs, we propose a novel concept called "Compound Engineered MSC-EXOs (Co-E-MSC-EXOs)" along with its derived potential therapeutic approaches. The advantages and challenges of employing Co-E-MSC-EXOs for retinal degeneration in clinical applications, as well as the strategies and issues related to them, are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.1 hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710002, China.
| | - Xianning Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.1 hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710002, China
| | - Bei Wang
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Hanhan Sun
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yiqian Ren
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.1 hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710002, China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.1 hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710002, China.
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Kim HI, Park J, Zhu Y, Wang X, Han Y, Zhang D. Recent advances in extracellular vesicles for therapeutic cargo delivery. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:836-849. [PMID: 38556545 PMCID: PMC11059217 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, which are nanosized vesicles secreted by cells, are attracting increasing interest in the field of biomedical research due to their unique properties, including biocompatibility, cargo loading capacity, and deep tissue penetration. They serve as natural signaling agents in intercellular communication, and their inherent ability to carry proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids endows them with remarkable therapeutic potential. Thus, exosomes can be exploited for diverse therapeutic applications, including chemotherapy, gene therapy, and photothermal therapy. Moreover, their capacity for homotypic targeting and self-recognition provides opportunities for personalized medicine. Despite their advantages as novel therapeutic agents, there are several challenges in optimizing cargo loading efficiency and structural stability and in defining exosome origins. Future research should include the development of large-scale, quality-controllable production methods, the refinement of drug loading strategies, and extensive in vivo studies and clinical trials. Despite the unresolved difficulties, the use of exosomes as efficient, stable, and safe therapeutic delivery systems is an interesting area in biomedical research. Therefore, this review describes exosomes and summarizes cutting-edge studies published in high-impact journals that have introduced novel or enhanced therapeutic effects using exosomes as a drug delivery system in the past 2 years. We provide an informative overview of the current state of exosome research, highlighting the unique properties and therapeutic applications of exosomes. We also emphasize challenges and future directions, underscoring the importance of addressing key issues in the field. With this review, we encourage researchers to further develop exosome-based drugs for clinical application, as such drugs may be among the most promising next-generation therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo In Kim
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jinbong Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yin Zhu
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Yohan Han
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea.
- Sarcopenia Total Solution Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea.
| | - Duo Zhang
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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Gupta R, Gupta J, Roy S. Exosomes: Key Players for Treatment of Cancer and Their Future Perspectives. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2024; 22:118-147. [PMID: 38407852 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2023.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reena Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Jitendra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Suchismita Roy
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
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Qiao N, Lyu Y, Liu F, Zhang Y, Ma X, Lin X, Wang J, Xie Y, Zhang R, Qiao J, Zhu H, Chen L, Fang H, Yin T, Chen Z, Tian Q, Chen S. Cross-sectional network analysis of plasma proteins/metabolites correlated with pathogenesis and therapeutic response in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Front Med 2024; 18:327-343. [PMID: 38151667 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of PML/RARA+ acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with all-trans-retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide (ATRA/ATO) has been recognized as a model for translational medicine research. Though an altered microenvironment is a general cancer hallmark, how APL blasts shape their plasma composition is poorly understood. Here, we reported a cross-sectional correlation network to interpret multilayered datasets on clinical parameters, proteomes, and metabolomes of paired plasma samples from patients with APL before or after ATRA/ATO induction therapy. Our study revealed the two prominent features of the APL plasma, suggesting a possible involvement of APL blasts in modulating plasma composition. One was characterized by altered secretory protein and metabolite profiles correlating with heightened proliferation and energy consumption in APL blasts, and the other featured APL plasma-enriched proteins or enzymes catalyzing plasma-altered metabolites that were potential trans-regulatory targets of PML/RARA. Furthermore, results indicated heightened interferon-gamma signaling characterizing a tumor-suppressing function of the immune system at the first hematological complete remission stage, which likely resulted from therapy-induced cell death or senescence and ensuing supraphysiological levels of intracellular proteins. Overall, our work sheds new light on the pathophysiology and treatment of APL and provides an information-rich reference data cohort for the exploratory and translational study of leukemia microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niu Qiao
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yizhu Lyu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Department of Hematology, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Yuliang Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaolin Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaojing Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Junyu Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yinyin Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ruihong Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jing Qiao
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hongming Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Li Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hai Fang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tong Yin
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Zhu Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qiang Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Saijuan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Yang Y, Yuan L, Wang K, Lu D, Meng F, Xu D, Li W, Nan Y. The Role and Mechanism of Paeoniae Radix Alba in Tumor Therapy. Molecules 2024; 29:1424. [PMID: 38611704 PMCID: PMC11012976 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumors have a huge impact on human life and are now the main cause of disease-related deaths. The main means of treatment are surgery and radiotherapy, but they are more damaging to the organism and have a poor postoperative prognosis. Therefore, we urgently need safe and effective drugs to treat tumors. In recent years, Chinese herbal medicines have been widely used in tumor therapy as complementary and alternative therapies. Medicinal and edible herbs are popular and have become a hot topic of research, which not only have excellent pharmacological effects and activities, but also have almost no side effects. Therefore, as a typical medicine and food homology, some components of Paeoniae Radix Alba (PRA, called Baishao in China) have been shown to have good efficacy and safety against cancer. Numerous studies have also shown that Paeoniae Radix Alba and its active ingredients treat cancer through various pathways and are also one of the important components of many antitumor herbal compound formulas. In this paper, we reviewed the literature on the intervention of Paeoniae Radix Alba in tumors and its mechanism of action in recent years and found that there is a large amount of literature on its effect on total glucosides of paeony (TGP) and paeoniflorin (PF), as well as an in-depth discussion of the mechanism of action of Paeoniae Radix Alba and its main constituents, with a view to promote the clinical development and application of Paeoniae Radix Alba in the field of antitumor management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Yang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Kaili Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Doudou Lu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Fandi Meng
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Duojie Xu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Department of Chinese Medical Gastrointestinal, The Affiliated TCM Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Wuzhong 751100, China
| | - Yi Nan
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
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Ebrahim T, Ebrahim AS, Kandouz M. Diversity of Intercellular Communication Modes: A Cancer Biology Perspective. Cells 2024; 13:495. [PMID: 38534339 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
From the moment a cell is on the path to malignant transformation, its interaction with other cells from the microenvironment becomes altered. The flow of molecular information is at the heart of the cellular and systemic fate in tumors, and various processes participate in conveying key molecular information from or to certain cancer cells. For instance, the loss of tight junction molecules is part of the signal sent to cancer cells so that they are no longer bound to the primary tumors and are thus free to travel and metastasize. Upon the targeting of a single cell by a therapeutic drug, gap junctions are able to communicate death information to by-standing cells. The discovery of the importance of novel modes of cell-cell communication such as different types of extracellular vesicles or tunneling nanotubes is changing the way scientists look at these processes. However, are they all actively involved in different contexts at the same time or are they recruited to fulfill specific tasks? What does the multiplicity of modes mean for the overall progression of the disease? Here, we extend an open invitation to think about the overall significance of these questions, rather than engage in an elusive attempt at a systematic repertory of the mechanisms at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanzeela Ebrahim
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Abdul Shukkur Ebrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mustapha Kandouz
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Khoushab S, Aghmiuni MH, Esfandiari N, Sarvandani MRR, Rashidi M, Taheriazam A, Entezari M, Hashemi M. Unlocking the potential of exosomes in cancer research: A paradigm shift in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155214. [PMID: 38430814 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes, which are tiny particles released by cells, have the ability to transport various molecules, including proteins, lipids, and genetic material containing non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). They are associated with processes like cancer metastasis, immunity, and tissue repair. Clinical trials have shown exosomes to be effective in treating cancer, inflammation, and chronic diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and dendritic cells (DCs) are common sources of exosome production. Exosomes have therapeutic potential due to their ability to deliver cargo, modulate the immune system, and promote tissue regeneration. Bioengineered exosomes could revolutionize disease treatment. However, more research is needed to understand exosomes in tumor growth and develop new therapies. This paper provides an overview of exosome research, focusing on cancer and exosome-based therapies including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and vaccines. It explores exosomes as a drug delivery system for cancer therapy, highlighting their advantages. The article discusses using exosomes for various therapeutic agents, including drugs, antigens, and RNAs. It also examines challenges with engineered exosomes. Analyzing exosomes for clinical purposes faces limitations in sensitivity, specificity, and purification. On the other hand, Nanotechnology offers solutions to overcome these challenges and unlock exosome potential in healthcare. Overall, the article emphasizes the potential of exosomes for personalized and targeted cancer therapy, while acknowledging the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloomeh Khoushab
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Hobabi Aghmiuni
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Esfandiari
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Rashidi
- The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Madhan S, Dhar R, Devi A. Plant-derived exosomes: a green approach for cancer drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2236-2252. [PMID: 38351750 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02752j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Plant-derived exosomes (PDEs) are natural extracellular vesicles (EVs). In the current decade, they have been highlighted for cancer therapeutic development. Cancer is a global health crisis and it requires an effective, affordable, and less side effect-based treatment. Emerging research based on PDEs suggests that they have immense potential to be considered as a therapeutic option. Research evidences indicate that PDEs' internal molecular cargos show impressive cancer prevention activity with less toxicity. PDEs-based drug delivery systems overcome several limitations of traditional drug delivery tools. Extraction of PDEs from plant sources employ diverse methodologies, encompassing ultracentrifugation, immunoaffinity, size-based isolation, and precipitation, each with distinct advantages and limitations. The core constituents of PDEs comprise of lipids, proteins, DNA, and RNA. Worldwide, a few clinical trials on plant-derived exosomes are underway, and regulatory affairs for their use as therapeutic agents are still not understood with clarity. This review aims to comprehensively analyze the current state of research on plant-derived exosomes as a promising avenue for drug delivery, highlighting anticancer activity, challenges, and future orientation in effective cancer therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrishti Madhan
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District - 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Rajib Dhar
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District - 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Arikketh Devi
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District - 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Chak PT, Kam NW, Choi TH, Dai W, Kwong DLW. Unfolding the Complexity of Exosome-Cellular Interactions on Tumour Immunity and Their Clinical Prospects in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:919. [PMID: 38473281 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy situated in the posterolateral nasopharynx. NPC poses grave concerns in Southeast Asia due to its late diagnosis. Together with resistance to standard treatment combining chemo- and radiotherapy, NPC presents high metastatic rates and common recurrence. Despite advancements in immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and cytotoxic-T-lymphocytes (CTLs)-based cellular therapy, the exhaustive T cell profile and other signs of immunosuppression within the NPC tumour microenvironment (TME) remain as concerns to immunotherapy response. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles of 30-150 nm in diameter, are increasingly studied and linked to tumourigenesis in oncology. These bilipid-membrane-bound vesicles are packaged with a variety of signalling molecules, mediating cell-cell communications. Within the TME, exosomes can originate from tumour, immune, or stromal cells. Although there are studies on tumour-derived exosomes (TEX) in NPC and their effects on tumour processes like angiogenesis, metastasis, therapeutic resistance, there is a lack of research on their involvement in immune evasion. In this review, we aim to enhance the comprehension of how NPC TEX contribute to cellular immunosuppression. Furthermore, considering the detectability of TEX in bodily fluids, we will also discuss the potential development of TEX-related biomarkers for liquid biopsy in NPC as this could facilitate early diagnosis and prognostication of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paak-Ting Chak
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ngar-Woon Kam
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Tsz-Ho Choi
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Clinical Oncology Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Dora Lai-Wan Kwong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Clinical Oncology Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
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Liu Y, Wu H, Sang Y, Chong W, Shang L, Li L. Research progress of exosomes in the angiogenesis of digestive system tumour. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:33. [PMID: 38341827 PMCID: PMC10859358 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00879-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumours of the digestive system cover a wide range of diseases that affect the health of people to a large extent. Angiogenesis is indispensable in the development, and metastasis of tumours, mainly in two ways: occupation or formation. Vessels can provide nutrients, oxygen, and growth factors for tumours to encourage growth and metastasis, so cancer progression depends on simultaneous angiogenesis. Recently, exosomes have been proven to participate in the angiogenesis of tumours. They influence angiogenesis by binding to tyrosine kinase receptors (VEGFR)-1, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3 with different affinities, regulating Yap-VEGF pathway, Akt pathway or other signaling pathway. Additionally, exosomes are potential therapeutic vectors that can deliver many types of cargoes to different cells. In this review, we summarize the roles of exosomes in the angiogenesis of digestive system tumours and highlight the clinical application prospects, directly used as targers or delivery vehicles, in antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, 250021, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yaodong Sang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, 250021, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Wei Chong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, 250021, China.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.
| | - Liang Shang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, 250021, China.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.
| | - Leping Li
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, 250021, China.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.
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Wang J, Jiang W, Liu S, Shi K, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Shan J, Wang Y, Xu X, Li C, Li X. Exosome-derived miR-182-5p promoted cholangiocarcinoma progression and vasculogenesis by regulating ADK/SEMA5a/PI3K pathway. Liver Int 2024; 44:370-388. [PMID: 37950359 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Increasing evidence suggested that miRNAs regulated the expression of pivotal genes involved in oncogenesis and malignant phenotype. In this project, the purpose was to make an inquiry to the effect and mechanism of miR-182-5p in the progression of cholangiocarcinoma. METHODS By analysing TCGA and GEO databases, combined with tissue expression levels, miR-182-5p was identified as one of the most valuable miRNAs for research. The function and relationships between miR-182-5p and downstream target genes were both verified by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Methylation-specific PCR and bisulphite sequencing were used to detect the methylation level changes of downstream gene promoter. RESULTS We found that miR-182-5p could be taken up by exosomes secreted from cholangiocarcinoma. Moreover, exosomal derived miR-182-5p promoted vascular endothelial cell proliferation and migration and induced angiogenesis by targeting ADK/SEMA5a. Subsequently, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway was activated and ultimately caused resistance to gemcitabine and cisplatin. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that the miR-182-5p/ADK/SEMA5a axis might serve as a potential therapeutic target for cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifei Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wangjie Jiang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuochen Liu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kuangheng Shi
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaodong Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yananlan Chen
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jijun Shan
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changxian Li
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangcheng Li
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Hao Y, Chen P, Guo S, Li M, Jin X, Zhang M, Deng W, Li P, Lei W, Liang A, Qian W. Tumor-derived exosomes induce initial activation by exosomal CD19 antigen but impair the function of CD19-specific CAR T-cells via TGF-β signaling. Front Med 2024; 18:128-146. [PMID: 37870681 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) enriched in immune suppressive molecules predominantly drive T-cell dysfunction and impair antitumor immunity. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has emerged as a promising treatment for refractory and relapsed hematological malignancies, but whether lymphoma TEXs have the same impact on CAR T-cell remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that B-cell lymphoma-derived exosomes induce the initial activation of CD19-CAR T-cells upon stimulation with exosomal CD19. However, lymphoma TEXs might subsequently induce CAR T-cell apoptosis and impair the tumor cytotoxicity of the cells because of the upregulated expression of the inhibitory receptors PD-1, TIM3, and LAG3 upon prolonged exposure. Similar results were observed in the CAR T-cells exposed to plasma exosomes from patients with lymphoma. More importantly, single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that CAR T-cells typically showed differentiated phenotypes and regulatory T-cell (Treg) phenotype conversion. By blocking transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-Smad3 signaling with TGF-β inhibitor LY2109761, the negative effects of TEXs on Treg conversion, terminal differentiation, and immune checkpoint expression were rescued. Collectively, although TEXs lead to the initial activation of CAR T-cells, the effect of TEXs suppressed CAR T-cells, which can be rescued by LY2109761. A treatment regimen combining CAR T-cell therapy and TGF-β inhibitors might be a novel therapeutic strategy for refractory and relapsed B-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Hao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Panpan Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Xueli Jin
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Minghuan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Wenhai Deng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Wen Lei
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| | - Aibin Liang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China.
| | - Wenbin Qian
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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Cvjetkovic A, Karimi N, Crescitelli R, Thorsell A, Taflin H, Lässer C, Lötvall J. Proteomic profiling of tumour tissue-derived extracellular vesicles in colon cancer. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e127. [PMID: 38939898 PMCID: PMC11080707 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most commonly occurring tumours among both women and men, and over the past decades the incidence has been on the rise. As such, the need for biomarker identification as well as an understanding of the underlying disease mechanism has never been greater. Extracellular vesicles are integral mediators of cell-to-cell communication and offer a unique opportunity to study the machinery that drives disease progression, and they also function as vectors for potential biomarkers. Tumour tissue and healthy mucosal tissue from the colons of ten patients were used to isolate tissue-resident EVs that were subsequently subjected to global quantitative proteomic analysis through LC-MS/MS. In total, more than 2000 proteins were identified, with most of the common EV markers being among them. Bioinformatics revealed a clear underrepresentation of proteins involved in energy production and cellular adhesion in tumour EVs, while proteins involved in protein biosynthesis were overrepresented. Additionally, 53 membrane proteins were found to be significantly upregulated in tumour EVs. Among them were several proteins with enzymatic functions that degrade the extracellular matrix, and three of these, Fibroblast activating factor (FAP), Cell surface hyaluronidase (CEMIP2), as well as Ephrin receptor B3 (EPHB3), were validated and found to be consistent with the global quantitative results. These stark differences in the proteomes between healthy and cancerous tissue emphasise the importance of the interstitial vesicle secretome as a major player of disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Cvjetkovic
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Nasibeh Karimi
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Rossella Crescitelli
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of SurgerySahlgrenska University HospitalGothenburgSweden
| | - Annika Thorsell
- Proteomics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Helena Taflin
- Transplant Institute at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Institute of Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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Park EJ, Lee CW. Soluble receptors in cancer: mechanisms, clinical significance, and therapeutic strategies. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:100-109. [PMID: 38182653 PMCID: PMC10834419 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01150-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Soluble receptors are soluble forms of receptors found in the extracellular space. They have emerged as pivotal regulators of cellular signaling and disease pathogenesis. This review emphasizes their significance in cancer as diagnostic/prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets. We provide an overview of the mechanisms by which soluble receptors are generated along with their functions. By exploring their involvement in cancer progression, metastasis, and immune evasion, we highlight the importance of soluble receptors, particularly soluble cytokine receptors and immune checkpoints, in the tumor microenvironment. Although current research has illustrated the emerging clinical relevance of soluble receptors, their therapeutic applications remain underexplored. As the landscape of cancer treatment evolves, understanding and targeting soluble receptors might pave the way for novel strategies for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Park
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Woo Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
- SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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Maggisano V, Capriglione F, Mio C, Bulotta S, Damante G, Russo D, Celano M. RNA Profile of Cell Bodies and Exosomes Released by Tumorigenic and Non-Tumorigenic Thyroid Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1407. [PMID: 38338696 PMCID: PMC10855121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells release exosomes, extracellular vesicle containing various bioactive molecules such as protein, DNA and RNA. The analysis of RNA molecules packaged in exosomes may provide new potential diagnostic or prognostic tumor biomarkers. The treatment of radioiodine-refractory aggressive thyroid cancer is still an unresolved clinical challenge, and the search for biomarkers that are detectable in early phase of the disease has become a fundamental goal for thyroid cancer research. By using transcriptome analysis, this study aimed to analyze the gene expression profiles of exosomes secreted by a non-tumorigenic thyroid cell line (Nthy-ori 3.1-exo) and a papillary thyroid cancer (TPC-1-exo) cell line, comparing them with those of cell bodies (Nthy-ori 3.1-cells and TPC-1-cells). A total of 9107 transcripts were identified as differentially expressed when comparing TPC-1-exo with TPC-1-cells and 5861 when comparing Nthy-ori 3.1-exo with Nthy-ori 3.1-cells. Among them, Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins 10 and 11 (SIGLEC10, SIGLEC11) and Keratin-associated protein 5 (KRTAP5-3) transcripts, genes known to be involved in cancer progression, turned out to be up-regulated only in TPC-1-exo. Gene ontology analysis revealed significantly enriched pathways, and only in TPC-1-exo were the differential expressed genes associated with an up-regulation in epigenetic processes. These findings provide a proof of concept that some mRNA species are specifically packaged in tumor-cell-derived exosomes and may constitute a starting point for the identification of new biomarkers for thyroid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Maggisano
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Capriglione
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Catia Mio
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Stefania Bulotta
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Damante
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Diego Russo
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marilena Celano
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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De La Cruz-Sigüenza DA, Reyes-Grajeda JP, Velasco-Velázquez MA, Trejo-Becerril C, Pérez-Cárdenas E, Chávez-Blanco A, Taja-Chayeb L, Domínguez-Gómez G, Ramos-Godinez MP, González-Fierro A, Dueñas-González A. The non-vesicle cell-free DNA (cfDNA) induces cell transformation associated with horizontal DNA transfer. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:174. [PMID: 38252353 PMCID: PMC10803523 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09016-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a source for liquid biopsy used for cancer diagnosis, therapy selection, and disease monitoring due to its non-invasive nature and ease of extraction. However, cfDNA also participates in cancer development and progression by horizontal transfer. In humans, cfDNA circulates complexed with extracellular vesicles (EV) and macromolecular complexes such as nucleosomes, lipids, and serum proteins. The present study aimed to demonstrate whether cfDNA not associated with EV induces cell transformation and tumorigenesis. METHODS Supernatant of the SW480 human colon cancer cell line was processed by ultracentrifugation to obtain a soluble fraction (SF) and a fraction associated with EV (EVF). Primary murine embryonic fibroblast cells (NIH3T3) underwent passive transfection with these fractions, and cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, cell transformation, and tumorigenic assays were performed. Next, cfDNA was analyzed by electronic microscopy, and horizontal transfer was assessed by human mutant KRAS in recipient cells via PCR and recipient cell internalization via fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS The results showed that the SF but not the EVF of cfDNA induced proliferative and antiapoptotic effects, cell transformation, and tumorigenesis in nude mice, which were reduced by digestion with DNAse I and proteinase K. These effects were associated with horizontal DNA transfer and cfDNA internalization into recipient cells. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest pro-tumorigenic effects of cfDNA in the SF that can be offset by enzyme treatment. Further exploration of the horizontal tumor progression phenomenon mediated by cfDNA is needed to determine whether its manipulation may play a role in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A De La Cruz-Sigüenza
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J P Reyes-Grajeda
- Protein Structure Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica (INMEGEN), Tlalpan, 14610, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M A Velasco-Velázquez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Coyoacan, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - C Trejo-Becerril
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - E Pérez-Cárdenas
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Chávez-Blanco
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L Taja-Chayeb
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - G Domínguez-Gómez
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M P Ramos-Godinez
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A González-Fierro
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Dueñas-González
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Av. Universidad 3004, Copilco Universidad, Coyoacan, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Witz A, Dardare J, Betz M, Gilson P, Merlin JL, Harlé A. Tumor-derived cell-free DNA and circulating tumor cells: partners or rivals in metastasis formation? Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:2. [PMID: 38231464 PMCID: PMC10794481 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The origin of metastases is a topic that has sparked controversy. Despite recent advancements, metastatic disease continues to pose challenges. The first admitted model of how metastases develop revolves around cells breaking away from the primary tumor, known as circulating tumor cells (CTCs). These cells survive while circulating through the bloodstream and subsequently establish themselves in secondary organs, a process often referred to as the "metastatic cascade". This intricate and dynamic process involves various steps, but all the mechanisms behind metastatic dissemination are not yet comprehensively elucidated. The "seed and soil" theory has shed light on the phenomenon of metastatic organotropism and the existence of pre-metastatic niches. It is now established that these niches can be primed by factors secreted by the primary tumor before the arrival of CTCs. In particular, exosomes have been identified as important contributors to this priming. Another concept then emerged, i.e. the "genometastasis" theory, which challenged all other postulates. It emphasizes the intriguing but promising role of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in metastasis formation through oncogenic formation of recipient cells. However, it cannot be ruled out that all these theories are intertwined. This review outlines the primary theories regarding the metastases formation that involve CTCs, and depicts cfDNA, a potential second player in the metastasis formation. We discuss the potential interrelationships between CTCs and cfDNA, and propose both in vitro and in vivo experimental strategies to explore all plausible theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Witz
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Julie Dardare
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Margaux Betz
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Pauline Gilson
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Louis Merlin
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Alexandre Harlé
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
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Hánělová K, Raudenská M, Masařík M, Balvan J. Protein cargo in extracellular vesicles as the key mediator in the progression of cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:25. [PMID: 38200509 PMCID: PMC10777590 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small vesicles of endosomal origin that are released by almost all cell types, even those that are pathologically altered. Exosomes widely participate in cell-to-cell communication via transferring cargo, including nucleic acids, proteins, and other metabolites, into recipient cells. Tumour-derived exosomes (TDEs) participate in many important molecular pathways and affect various hallmarks of cancer, including fibroblasts activation, modification of the tumour microenvironment (TME), modulation of immune responses, angiogenesis promotion, setting the pre-metastatic niche, enhancing metastatic potential, and affecting therapy sensitivity and resistance. The unique exosome biogenesis, composition, nontoxicity, and ability to target specific tumour cells bring up their use as promising drug carriers and cancer biomarkers. In this review, we focus on the role of exosomes, with an emphasis on their protein cargo, in the key mechanisms promoting cancer progression. We also briefly summarise the mechanism of exosome biogenesis, its structure, protein composition, and potential as a signalling hub in both normal and pathological conditions. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Hánělová
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Raudenská
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masařík
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prumyslova 595, Vestec, CZ-252 50, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Balvan
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic.
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