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Chen S, Li YL, Duan L, Liu JB, Zhou J, Lin DD, Zhang SQ, Yang K, Wen LY, Jin YJ, Xia S, Xu J, Lv S, Li SZ, Zhou XN. Assessment of the influence of levees along Yangtze River on Oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:291. [PMID: 38972983 PMCID: PMC11229218 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncomelania hupensis is the exclusive intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum in China. Snail control is an essential component of schistosomiasis elimination programme. With 70 years of continuous efforts, the range of O. hupensis had reduced significantly, but slowed down in last decades. A large number of levees against flooding were constructed along Yangtze River and its affiliated lakes in the middle and lower reaches, which influenced the hydrology and ecology in the alluvial plains. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of levees on the distribution of O. hupensis in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. METHODS The snail habitats were digitalised by hand-held GPS system. The years for discovery and elimination of snail habitats were extracted from historical records. The accumulated snail-infested range for each habitat was calculated on the basis of annual reports. The current distribution of O. hupensis was determined by systematic and environmental sampling. The geographical distribution of levees was obtained from satellite imagery. To assess the impact of levees, the data pertaining to O. hupensis were divided into two parts: inside and outside the Yangtze River. Joinpoint regression was utilised to divide the study time span and further characterise the regression in each period. The 5-year-period moving averages of eliminated area infested by snails were calculated for the habitats inside and outside Yangtze River. The moving routes of corresponding geographical median centres were simulated in ArcGIS. Hotspot analysis was used to determine the areas with statistical significance clustering of O. hupensis density. RESULTS Three periods were identified according to Joinpoint regression both inside and outside Yangtze River. The area infested by O. hupensis increased in the first two periods. It decreased rapidly outside Yangtze River year over year after 1970, while that inside the Yangtze River did not change significantly. Furthermore, the latter was significantly higher than the former. It was observed that the present density of O. hupensis inside Yangtze River was lower than outside the Yangtze River. The median centre for eliminated ranges inside Yangtze River wavered between the east (lower reach) and the west (middle reach). In contrast, the median centre for eliminated ranges continuously moved from the east to the west. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that the levees had a considerable negative impact on the distribution of O. hupensis outside Yangtze River. Some hotspots observed in the irrigation areas need a sluice system at the inlet of branch for snail control. The major distribution of O. hupensis located in Hubei might be caused by severe waterlogging. The intensive surveillance should be implemented there. The biggest two freshwater lakes, the major endemic regions historically, were identified as cold spots. The long-term impact of Three Gorges Dam on the distribution of O. hupensis in the lakes should be monitored and evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, China CDC (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research) Key Laboratory On Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research On Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yin-Long Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, China CDC (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research) Key Laboratory On Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research On Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lei Duan
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, China CDC (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research) Key Laboratory On Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research On Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Fudan University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jian-Bing Liu
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Hunan Institute for Schistosomiasis Control, Yueyang, 414021, China
| | - Dan-Dan Lin
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Nanchang, 330046, China
| | - Shi-Qing Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Hefei, 230061, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, China
| | - Li-Yong Wen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Schistosomiasis Control, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Yan-Jun Jin
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Shang Xia
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, China CDC (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research) Key Laboratory On Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research On Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jing Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, China CDC (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research) Key Laboratory On Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research On Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shan Lv
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, China CDC (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research) Key Laboratory On Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research On Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Shi-Zhu Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, China CDC (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research) Key Laboratory On Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research On Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, China CDC (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research) Key Laboratory On Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research On Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
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Zhou L. The cultural policies of schistosomiasis control in China: a historical analysis. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:2457-2465. [PMID: 37676304 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07966-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
China has a history of using cultural policies to control infectious diseases, including schistosomiasis, which was once hyperendemic in the country. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, significant achievements have been made in schistosomiasis control, with a decrease in the number of cases and infection rates. This study provides a historical analysis of cultural policies in schistosomiasis control in China. During the Mao era (1949-1976), socialist ideology shaped cultural policies that included mass mobilization campaigns, propaganda, and cultural education to promote health practices, and community participation and empowerment. During the Reform era (1978-2012), there was a shift towards market-oriented policies and individual responsibility, and cultural policies promoted behavioral change, but there were challenges in implementing them in a rapidly changing society. In the "New Era" of socialism (2012-now), cultural policies are focused on promoting comprehensive schistosomiasis control strategies, technological advancements and innovation, and international cooperation. The Chinese experience in schistosomiasis control provides valuable lessons for other countries facing similar challenges and underscores the importance of cultural policies in promoting health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiYing Zhou
- School of Humanities, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Xu N, Zhang Y, Du C, Song J, Huang J, Gong Y, Jiang H, Tong Y, Yin J, Wang J, Jiang F, Chen Y, Jiang Q, Dong Y, Zhou Y. Prediction of Oncomelania hupensis distribution in association with climate change using machine learning models. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:377. [PMID: 37872579 PMCID: PMC10591370 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05952-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncomelania hupensis is the sole intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum. Its emergence and recurrence pose a constant challenge to the elimination of schistosomiasis in China. It is important to accurately predict the snail distribution for schistosomiasis prevention and control. METHODS Data describing the distribution of O. hupensis in 2016 was obtained from the Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention. Eight machine learning algorithms, including eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), generalized boosting model (GBM), neural network (NN), classification and regression trees (CART), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), and generalized additive model (GAM), were employed to explore the impacts of climatic, geographical, and socioeconomic variables on the distribution of suitable areas for O. hupensis. Predictions of the distribution of suitable areas for O. hupensis were made for various periods (2030s, 2050s, and 2070s) under different climate scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, SSP370, and SSP585). RESULTS The RF model exhibited the best performance (AUC: 0.991, sensitivity: 0.982, specificity: 0.995, kappa: 0.942) and the CART model performed the worst (AUC: 0.884, sensitivity: 0.922, specificity: 0.943, kappa: 0.829). Based on the RF model, the top six important variables were as follows: Bio15 (precipitation seasonality) (33.6%), average annual precipitation (25.2%), Bio2 (mean diurnal temperature range) (21.7%), Bio19 (precipitation of the coldest quarter) (14.5%), population density (13.5%), and night light index (11.1%). The results demonstrated that the overall suitable habitats for O. hupensis were predominantly distributed in the schistosomiasis-endemic areas located in northwestern Yunnan Province under the current climate situation and were predicted to expand north- and westward due to climate change. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the prediction of the current distribution of O. hupensis corresponded well with the actual records. Furthermore, our study provided compelling evidence that the geographical distribution of snails was projected to expand toward the north and west of Yunnan Province in the coming decades, indicating that the distribution of snails is driven by climate factors. Our findings will be of great significance for formulating effective strategies for snail control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xu
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Dali, 671000, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Focal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Dali, 671000, Yunnan, China
| | - Chunhong Du
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Dali, 671000, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Focal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Dali, 671000, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Song
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Dali, 671000, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Focal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Dali, 671000, Yunnan, China
| | - Junhui Huang
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanfeng Gong
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Honglin Jiang
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yixin Tong
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiangfan Yin
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Qingwu Jiang
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Dali, 671000, Yunnan, China.
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Focal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Dali, 671000, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yibiao Zhou
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Zhu HX, Li YC, Yang XP, Chu YH, Guo W, Chen RX, Guo DD, Cheng LJ, Li Y. Demographics and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Neurocysticercosis: A Retrospective Study from Dali, China. SAUDI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 11:283-291. [PMID: 37970452 PMCID: PMC10634465 DOI: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_298_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Neurocysticercosis (NCC), a predominant parasitic disease that affects the central nervous system and presents with diverse clinical manifestations, is a major contributor to acquired epilepsy worldwide, particularly in low-, middle-, and upper middle-income nations, such as China. In China, the Yunnan Province bears a significant burden of this disease. Objective To describe the demographic, clinical, and radiological features as well as serum and cerebrospinal fluid antibodies to cysticercus in patients with NCC from Dali, Yunnan Province, China. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included patients who were diagnosed with NCC at The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University between January 2018 and May 2023 and were residing in Dali, Yunnan Province, China. Results A total of 552 patients with NCC were included, of which 33.3% belonged to Bai ethnicity. The clinical presentation of NCC exhibited variability that was influenced by factors such as the number, location, and stage of the parasites. Epilepsy/seizure (49.9%) was the most prevalent symptom, with higher occurrence in the degenerative stage of cysts (P < 0.001). Compared with other locations, cysticerci located in the brain parenchyma are more likely to lead to seizures/epilepsy (OR = 17.45, 95% CI: 7.96-38.25) and headaches (OR = 3.02, 95% CI: 1.23-7.41). Seizures/epilepsy are more likely in patients with cysts in the vesicular (OR = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.12-6.61) and degenerative (OR = 102.38, 95% CI: 28.36-369.60) stages than those in the calcified stage. Seizures was not dependent on the number of lesions. All NCC patients underwent anthelminthic therapy, with the majority receiving albendazole (79.7%). Conclusion This study provides valuable clinical insights into NCC patients in Dali and underscores the significance of NCC as a leading preventable cause of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Xiao Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang-Chao Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Xue-Ping Yang
- Clinical Medical College, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu-Hao Chu
- Clinical Medical College, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Wang Guo
- Clinical Medical College, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Ruo-Xia Chen
- Clinical Medical College, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Dan-Dan Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Li-Jing Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
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Wang W, Zhang Y, Liu J, Jing H, Lu K, Wang L, Zhu T, Xu Y, Bu D, Cheng M, Liu J, Shen W, Yao J, Huang S. Comparison of the prognostic value of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and CD3 + T cells between schistosomal and non-schistosomal colorectal cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:31. [PMID: 36726115 PMCID: PMC9890788 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-02911-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare the prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and CD3 + cells and CD20 + cells between schistosomal colorectal cancer (SCRC) and non-schistosomal CRC (NSCRC). BACKGROUND Although schistosomiasis has been basically eliminated, it has not been completely extinction in China, and occasional outbreaks occur in Europe recently. The role of immune cells in the immune microenvironment of SCRC and NSCRC is remaining obscure, and the inflammation-based prognostic systems of SCRC has rarely been reported. METHODS HE-stained sections of 349 colorectal cancer (CRC) tumors, which were completely resected, were evaluated for density of TILs. Meanwhile, we evaluated CD3 + T lymphocytes and CD20 + B lymphocytes by immunochemistry. The relationship of these infiltrating immune cells with clinicopathological features, including schistosomiasis, and clinical outcomes was evaluated, and the prognostic roles of TILs in SCRC and NSCRC were explored. RESULTS Except for age (P < 0.0001), there were no significant differences between NSCRC and SCRC patients in clinicopathological features (P > 0.05). Beside, the positive expression pattern of sTILs, iTILs, CD3, and CD20 between NSCRC and SCRC patients was also similar (P > 0.05). In the whole cohort, sTILs and CD3 were defined as independent prognostic factors (P = 0.031 and P = 0.003, respectively). CD3 was an independent prognostic factor both in the NSCRC and SCRC set (P = 0.026 and P = 0.045, respectively). Higher sTILs, CD3, and CD20 were correlated with less aggressive tumor characteristics in the whole cohort and in subgroups. CONCLUSION Although CD3 was an independent prognostic factor for both NSCRC and SCRC set, there were no significant differences between SCRC and NSCRC patients in sTILs, CD3, CD20, and in other clinicopathological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Wang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingyi Zhang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jican Liu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Jing
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Kui Lu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Limei Wang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dacheng Bu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Meihong Cheng
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weidong Shen
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junxia Yao
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Sinian Huang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
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Zheng Y, Shi Y, Li S, Deng W, Zhou J, Hu B, Jiang H, Zhang N, Wang Z, Xiong Y, Chen Y, Jiang Q, Zhou Y. Environmental Determinants for Snail Density in Dongting Lake Region: An Ecological Study Incorporating Spatial Regression. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 107:1178-1184. [PMID: 36375461 PMCID: PMC9768266 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the environmental determinants of different months on snail density measured in April at different types of snail habitats (marshlands, inner embankments, and hills) by considering spatial effects. Data were gathered from surveys on snails that were conducted in Hunan Province in April 2016, and information was collected on environmental variables. To investigate the environmental factors influencing snail density in various types of snail habitats, the ordinary least square model, spatial lag model, and spatial error model were all used. The environmental determinants for snail density showed different effects in the three types of snail habitats. In marshlands, snail density measured in April was associated positively with the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and was associated negatively with flooding duration and annual hours of sunshine. Extreme temperatures correlated strongly to snail density measured in April (P < 0.05). In areas inside embankments, snail density measured in April increased with a decreased distance between snail habitat and the nearest river (P < 0.05). In hills, extreme heat, annual hours of sunshine, NDVI in September, and annual average land surface temperature (LST) were associated negatively with snail density measured in April, whereas index of moisture (IM) was associated positively with snail density measured in April (P < 0.05). The effects of LST and hours of sunshine on snail density measured in April varied with months of the year in the three different types of snail habitats (P < 0.05). Our study might provide a theoretical foundation for preventing snail transmission and subsequent spread of schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyan Zheng
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China
- Department of Scientific Research, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Shanghai, China
- Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengming Li
- Hunan Institute for Schistosomiasis Control, Yueyang, China
| | - Weicheng Deng
- Hunan Institute for Schistosomiasis Control, Yueyang, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Hunan Institute for Schistosomiasis Control, Yueyang, China
| | - Benjiao Hu
- Hunan Institute for Schistosomiasis Control, Yueyang, China
| | - Honglin Jiang
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengzhong Wang
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qingwu Jiang
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yibiao Zhou
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Shanghai, China
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Muhsin MA, Wang X, Kabole FM, Zilabumba J, Yang K. The Indispensability of Snail Control for Accelerating Schistosomiasis Elimination: Evidence from Zanzibar. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7110347. [PMID: 36355889 PMCID: PMC9699613 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7110347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a serious and neglected global tropical disease, affecting upwards of 230 million people, with more than 95% of infections concentrated in Africa. For many years, the main schistosomiasis control strategy in Africa focused on mass drug administration (MDA). The aim of this study was to compare the difference between MDA alone and alongside another intervention, namely snail control, by exploring effective measures for eliminating schistosomiasis. Retrospective data of human prevalence on Schistosoma haematobium and major control measures were collected from the China-Zanzibar-WHO Cooperation Project for Schistosomiasis Elimination (CZW) and the Zanzibar Elimination of Schistosomiasis Transmission (ZEST) project since 2012. The optimal order polynomial regression fitting model and joinpoint regression model (JRM) were used to analyze trends in schistosomiasis prevalence and the consistency of change points with strengthening of the control measures. In Unguja Island, the main control measure was MDA, and prevalence decreased to a nadir in 2019, and then rebounded. The R2 value of the optimal fitting model was 0.6641. There was a single JRM changepoint in 2019, the annual percent change (APC) was −19.3% (p < 0.05) from 2012 to 2019, and the APC was 59.7% (p > 0.05) from 2019 to 2021. In Pemba Island, the main control measures until 2016 was MDA, while integrated measures of MDA and snail control were implemented from 2017, the prevalence continuously decreased, and the R2 value was 0.8673. There was also a single JRM changepoint in 2017, the APC was −22.2% (p < 0.05) from 2012 to 2017, and was maintained at −8.6% (p > 0.05) from 2017 to 2021. Our data indicate that, while it is challenging to eliminate schistosomiasis by MDA alone, integrated measures, including both MDA and snail control, can prevent reinfection and help to eliminate the diseases in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mtumweni Ali Muhsin
- School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Neglected Tropical Disease Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Mnazi Mmoja, Zanzibar 16108, Tanzania
| | - Xinyao Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, China
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning, Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, China
| | - Fatma Mohammed Kabole
- Neglected Tropical Disease Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Mnazi Mmoja, Zanzibar 16108, Tanzania
| | - January Zilabumba
- Neglected Tropical Disease Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Mnazi Mmoja, Zanzibar 16108, Tanzania
| | - Kun Yang
- School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, China
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning, Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, China
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Correspondence:
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Predicting the Occurrence of Advanced Schistosomiasis Based on FISHER Discriminant Analysis of Hematological Biomarkers. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11091004. [PMID: 36145438 PMCID: PMC9502340 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11091004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We established a model that predicts the possibility of chronic schistosomiasis (CS) patients developing into advanced schistosomiasis (AS) patients using special biomarkers that were detected in human peripheral blood. Blood biomarkers from two cohorts (132 CS cases and 139 AS cases) were examined and data were collected and analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) for advanced schistosomiasis was established based on specific predictive diagnostic indicators and its accuracy was assessed using data of 109 CS. The results showed that seven indicators including HGB, MON, GLB, GGT, APTT, VIII, and Fbg match the model. The accuracy of the FDA was assessed by cross-validation, and 86.7% of the participants were correctly classified into AS and CS groups. Blood biomarker data from 109 CS patients were converted into the discriminant function to determine the possibility of occurrence of AS. The results demonstrated that the possibility of occurrence of AS and CS was 62.1% and 89.0%, respectively, and the accuracy of the established model was 81.4%. Evidence displayed that Fisher discriminant analysis is a reliable predictive model in the clinical field. It’s an important guide to effectively control the occurrence of AS and lay a solid foundation for achieving the goal of schistosomiasis elimination.
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9
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Li S, Gong Y, Feng J, Luo Z, Xue J, Guo Z, Zhang L, Xia S, Lv S, Xu J. Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of schistosomiasis in mainland China: Evidence from a multi-stage continuous downscaling sentinel monitoring. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.335700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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10
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Wang W, Bergquist R, King CH, Yang K. Elimination of schistosomiasis in China: Current status and future prospects. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009578. [PMID: 34351907 PMCID: PMC8341657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem among all disease-endemic countries in 2030 is an ambitious goal. Recent achievements resulting from mass drug administration (MDA) with praziquantel is promising but may need to be complemented with also other means. Schistosomiasis was highly prevalent in China before the initiation of the national schistosomiasis control program in the mid-1950s, and, at that time, the country bore the world's highest burden of schistosomiasis. The concerted control efforts, upheld without interruption for more than a half century, have resulted in elimination of the disease as a public health problem in China as of 2015. Here, we describe the current status of schistosomiasis in China, analyze the potential challenges affecting schistosomiasis elimination, and propose the future research needs and priorities for the country, aiming to provide more universal insights into the structures needed for a global schistosomiasis elimination encompassing also other endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission of Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Robert Bergquist
- Ingerod, Brastad, Sweden (formerly with the UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charles H. King
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kun Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission of Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
- Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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11
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Gong YF, Zhu LQ, Li YL, Zhang LJ, Xue JB, Xia S, Lv S, Xu J, Li SZ. Identification of the high-risk area for schistosomiasis transmission in China based on information value and machine learning: a newly data-driven modeling attempt. Infect Dis Poverty 2021; 10:88. [PMID: 34176515 PMCID: PMC8237418 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-021-00874-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis control is striving forward to transmission interruption and even elimination, evidence-lead control is of vital importance to eliminate the hidden dangers of schistosomiasis. This study attempts to identify high risk areas of schistosomiasis in China by using information value and machine learning. METHODS The local case distribution from schistosomiasis surveillance data in China between 2005 and 2019 was assessed based on 19 variables including climate, geography, and social economy. Seven models were built in three categories including information value (IV), three machine learning models [logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), generalized boosted model (GBM)], and three coupled models (IV + LR, IV + RF, IV + GBM). Accuracy, area under the curve (AUC), and F1-score were used to evaluate the prediction performance of the models. The optimal model was selected to predict the risk distribution for schistosomiasis. RESULTS There is a more prone to schistosomiasis epidemic provided that paddy fields, grasslands, less than 2.5 km from the waterway, annual average temperature of 11.5-19.0 °C, annual average rainfall of 1000-1550 mm. IV + GBM had the highest prediction effect (accuracy = 0.878, AUC = 0.902, F1 = 0.920) compared with the other six models. The results of IV + GBM showed that the risk areas are mainly distributed in the coastal regions of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the Poyang Lake region, and the Dongting Lake region. High-risk areas are primarily distributed in eastern Changde, western Yueyang, northeastern Yiyang, middle Changsha of Hunan province; southern Jiujiang, northern Nanchang, northeastern Shangrao, eastern Yichun in Jiangxi province; southern Jingzhou, southern Xiantao, middle Wuhan in Hubei province; southern Anqing, northwestern Guichi, eastern Wuhu in Anhui province; middle Meishan, northern Leshan, and the middle of Liangshan in Sichuan province. CONCLUSIONS The risk of schistosomiasis transmission in China still exists, with high-risk areas relatively concentrated in the coastal regions of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Coupled models of IV and machine learning provide for effective analysis and prediction, forming a scientific basis for evidence-lead surveillance and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Feng Gong
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; HC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ling-Qian Zhu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; HC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yin-Long Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; HC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; HC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jing-Bo Xue
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; HC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shang Xia
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; HC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shan Lv
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; HC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jing Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; HC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shi-Zhu Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; HC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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12
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Impact of micro-environmental factors on survival, reproduction and distribution of Oncomelania hupensis snails. Infect Dis Poverty 2021; 10:47. [PMID: 33827710 PMCID: PMC8028213 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-021-00826-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis japonica is a chronic parasitic disease that seriously harms people's health. Oncomelania hupensis is the only intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum. The micro-environmental factors surrounding the snail have a great impact on the survival, growth and reproduction of O. hupensis, but there are few relevant systematic analyses until the present. This scoping review aims to identify and summarize the micro-environmental factors that greatly affect O. hupensis, and to find gaps in research thus to provide directions for future in-depth studies. Main body This scoping review searched databases with search terms of the combinations of “Micro(-)environment”, “Oncomelania” and their expanded aspects. A total of 133 original articles were recruited. Predefined data fields were extracted including research methods, influencing factors, and their effects on O. hupensis. Most studies focused on vegetation factors (54.1%), and other factors noted were soil composition (27.8%), water environmental factors (24.1%), and predator (3.0%), respectively. The factors with positive impacts included water level, pH value, soil temperature, soil humidity, the coverage and height of vegetation at suitable levels. This could provide more detailed information for O. hupensis habitat identification and prediction. The factors with negative impacts included plant extracts, snail control and disease prevention forests, and microorganisms with molluscicidal activities. It revealed a potential application as ecological molluscicides in the future. Factors such as physico-chemical properties of water, soil chemistry showed a gap in scientific studies, thus required further extensive research. Conclusions Micro-environmental factors including water quality, soil composition as well as the technology and application of biomolluscicides (plant extracts and microorganisms) deserve more attention. Relative study findings on micro-environment have good potentials in snail control applications. Further studies should be implemented to investigate the impact of micro-environmental factors on snails and close the research gaps. ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40249-021-00826-3.
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13
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Li S, Shi Y, Deng W, Ren G, He H, Hu B, Li C, Zhang N, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Dong S, Chen Y, Jiang Q, Zhou Y. Spatio-temporal variations of emerging sites infested with schistosome-transmitting Oncomelania hupensis in Hunan Province, China, 1949-2016. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:7. [PMID: 33407789 PMCID: PMC7789244 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04526-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constant emerging sites infested with Oncomelania hupensis (O. hupensis) impede the goal realization of eliminating schistosomiasis. The study assessed the spatial and temporal distributions of new Oncomelania snail habitats in Hunan Province from 1949 to 2016. METHODS We used the data from annual snail surveys throughout Hunan Province for the period from 1949 to 2016. Global Moran's I, Anselin local Moran's I statistics (LISA) and a retrospective space-time permutation model were applied to determine the spatial and temporal distributions of emerging snail-infested sites. RESULTS There were newly discovered snail-infested sites almost every year in 1949-2016, except for the years of 1993, 2009 and 2012. The number of emerging sites varied significantly in the five time periods (1949-1954, 1955-1976, 1977-1986, 1986-2003 and 2004-2016) (H = 25.35, p < 0.05). The emerging sites lasted 37.52 years in marshlands, 30.04 years in hills and 24.63 at inner embankments on average, with the values of Global Moran's I being 0.52, 0.49 and 0.44, respectively. High-value spatial clusters (HH) were mainly concentrated along the Lishui River and in Xiangyin County. There were four marshland clusters, two hill clusters and three inner embankment clusters after 1976. CONCLUSIONS Lower reaches of the Lishui River and the Dongting Lake estuary were the high-risk regions for new Oncomelania snail habitats with long durations. Snail surveillance should be strengthened at stubborn snail-infested sites at the inner embankments. Grazing prohibition in snail-infested grasslands should be a focus in marshlands. The management of bovines in Xiangyin County is of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengming Li
- Hunan Institute for Schistosomiasis Control, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weicheng Deng
- Hunan Institute for Schistosomiasis Control, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Guanghui Ren
- Hunan Institute for Schistosomiasis Control, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Hongbin He
- Hunan Institute for Schistosomiasis Control, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Benjiao Hu
- Hunan Institute for Schistosomiasis Control, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yingyan Zheng
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yingjian Wang
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shurong Dong
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, Ontario, K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Qingwu Jiang
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yibiao Zhou
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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14
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Monnier N, Barth-Jaeggi T, Knopp S, Steinmann P. Core components, concepts and strategies for parasitic and vector-borne disease elimination with a focus on schistosomiasis: A landscape analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008837. [PMID: 33125375 PMCID: PMC7598467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to control and eliminate human schistosomiasis have accelerated over the past decade. In a number of endemic countries and settings, interruption of schistosome transmission has been achieved. In others, Schistosoma infections continue to challenge program managers at different levels, from the complexity of the transmission cycle, over limited treatment options and lack of field-friendly accurate diagnostics, to controversy around adequate intervention strategies. We conducted a landscape analysis on parasitic and vector-borne disease elimination approaches with the aim to identify evidence-based strategies, core components and key concepts for achieving and sustaining schistosomiasis control and for progressing elimination efforts towards interruption of transmission in sub-Saharan Africa. A total of 118 relevant publications were identified from Web of Science, Pubmed and the grey literature and reviewed for their content. In addition, we conducted in-depth interviews with 23 epidemiologists, program managers, policymakers, donors and field researchers. Available evidence emphasizes the need for comprehensive, multipronged and long-term strategies consisting of multiple complementary interventions that must be sustained over time by political commitment and adequate funding in order to reach interruption of transmission. Based on the findings of this landscape analysis, we propose a comprehensive set of intervention strategies for schistosomiasis control and elimination. Before deployment, the proposed interventions will require review, evaluation and validation in the frame of an expert consultation as a step towards adaptation to specific contexts, conditions and settings. Field testing to ensure local relevance and effectiveness is paramount given the diversity of socio-ecological and epidemiological contexts. This landscape analysis explored successful concepts, approaches and interventions of past and ongoing parasitic and vector-borne disease elimination efforts and programs with regard to relevance for progress in the elimination of human schistosome infections. Schistosomiasis is a disabling, water borne parasitic disease of public health concern with an estimated 250 million people infected worldwide. The long-term morbidity of this neglected tropical disease significantly impacts growth, cognition and socioeconomic development at all ages. Despite increased global efforts to control morbidity and advance elimination, challenges in view of the complex life cycle which involves freshwater sources, intermediate snail hosts and humans, remain. This calls for targeted interventions and concerted programs. According to the evidence from the literature and as proposed by a wide range of key informants, comprehensive, multipronged and long-term strategies supported by strong political commitment and adequate funding are required in order to achieve and sustain the set goals. Based on the findings, we propose here a comprehensive set of intervention strategies for schistosomiasis control and elimination for review and evaluation to inform implementation research needs and elimination program design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Monnier
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Tanja Barth-Jaeggi
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Knopp
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Steinmann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Li FY, Hou XY, Tan HZ, Williams GM, Gray DJ, Gordon CA, Kurscheid J, Clements ACA, Li YS, McManus DP. Current Status of Schistosomiasis Control and Prospects for Elimination in the Dongting Lake Region of the People's Republic of China. Front Immunol 2020; 11:574136. [PMID: 33162989 PMCID: PMC7583462 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.574136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis japonica is an ancient parasitic disease that has severely impacted human health causing a substantial disease burden not only to the Chinese people but also residents of other countries such as the Philippines, Indonesia and, before the 1970s, Japan. Since the founding of the new People's Republic of China (P. R. China), effective control strategies have been implemented with the result that the prevalence of schistosomiasis japonica has decreased markedly in the past 70 years. Historically, the Dongting Lake region in Hunan province is recognised as one of the most highly endemic for schistosomiasis in the P.R. China. The area is characterized by vast marshlands outside the lake embankments and, until recently, the presence of large numbers of domestic animals such as bovines, goats and sheep that can act as reservoir hosts for Schistosoma japonicum. Considerable social, economic and environmental changes have expanded the Oncomelania hupensis hupensis intermediate snail host areas in the Dongting lake region increasing the potential for both the emergence of new hot spots for schistosomiasis transmission, and for its re-emergence in areas where infection is currently under control. In this paper, we review the history, the current endemic status of schistosomiasis and the control strategies in operation in the Dongting Lake region. We also explore epidemiological factors contributing to S. japonicum transmission and highlight key research findings from studies undertaken on schistosomiasis mainly in Hunan but also other endemic Chinese provinces over the past 10 years. We also consider the implications of these research findings on current and future approaches that can lead to the sustainable integrated control and final elimination of schistosomiasis from the P. R. China and other countries in the region where this unyielding disease persists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Yue Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Immunology and Diagnosis, Hunan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yueyang, China
| | - Xun-Ya Hou
- Department of Immunology and Diagnosis, Hunan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yueyang, China
| | - Hong-Zhuan Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gail M. Williams
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Darren J. Gray
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Catherine A. Gordon
- Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Johanna Kurscheid
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Archie C. A. Clements
- Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Yue-Sheng Li
- Department of Immunology and Diagnosis, Hunan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yueyang, China
- Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Donald P. McManus
- Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Qiu J, Li R, Zhu H, Xia J, Xiao Y, Huang D, Wang Y. The effect of ecological environmental changes and mollusciciding on snail intermediate host of Schistosoma in Qianjiang city of China from 1985 to 2015. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:397. [PMID: 32758280 PMCID: PMC7409449 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04273-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis remains prevalent in Africa, Asia and South America with an estimated burden of 1.9 million disability-adjusted life years in 2016. Targeting snails as a key to success for schistosomiasis control has been widely approved, but the long-term quantitative effects of interventions on snail control that would inform and improve future control programmes are unclear. Over the last six decades, schistosomiasis in China had been brought largely under control, and snail control as supplementary methods or part of integrated multisectoral approaches in different historical periods has played an essential role. Methods Ecological environment factors, prevalence and control data on Oncomelania hupensis between 1985 and 2015 at 5-year intervals in Qianjiang city, China, were collected. A multilevel growth model approach was used to examine the long-term effects of ecological environmental changes and mollusciciding on snail-infested area (SIA) and living snail density (LSD) during the 30 years. Results The variation of SIA was 68.4% in spatial distribution, while the variation of LSD was 68.4% in temporal distribution. Continuous mollusciciding could result in significant LSD reduction, but may not lead to significant SIA reduction. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), patch size coefficient of variation (PSCoV) and mean patch size (MPS) reduction, slightly due to eco-environmental changes decreased SIA, while mean perimeter-area ratio (MPAR) and dry farm-land proportion (DFLP) reduction might increase SIA. Only NDVI and MPAR reduction led to a lower LSD. Conclusions Mollusciciding was more effective in reducing snail density, but it is not easy to eliminate snails completely. Environmental modifications could completely change the snail breeding environment and reduce its infestation area. Due to difficulty of scaling-up the current environmental modifications in waterway network regions, more effective snail control methods are needed. The experience in China could thereby provide guidance for other schistosomiasis endemic areas with a high snail prevalence.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Estimate for Environment and Disaster of Hubei Province, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rendong Li
- Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Estimate for Environment and Disaster of Hubei Province, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei Provincial Academy of Preventive Medicine, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xia
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei Provincial Academy of Preventive Medicine, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei Provincial Academy of Preventive Medicine, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Duan Huang
- Faculty of Geomatics, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Systems, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Sun CS, Luo F, Liu X, Miao F, Hu W. Oncomelania hupensis retains its ability to transmit Schistosoma japonicum 13 years after migration from permissive to non-permissive areas. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:146. [PMID: 32188510 PMCID: PMC7081574 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-4004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The East Route Project (ERP) of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) stretches across schistosomiasis endemic and non-endemic areas in China, which may lead to the dispersal of Oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum, from permissive areas along the Yangtze River Basin to non-permissive areas in northern China. A previous survey demonstrated that O. hupensis could survive and breed for 13 years (12 generations) after being transferred to a non-permissive area, and could be infected by S. japonicum. However, it is not clear if the migrated snails will change their ability to transmit S. japonicum. Methods We infected mice with the cercariae released from the infected transferred snails bred in Jining city of Shandong Province (non-permissive areas) for 13 years. The mice in the control group were infected with cercariae derived from the snails collected in their original habitat (Jiangdu county of Jiangsu Province, permissive areas). Then, we explored the pathogenicity to mice including worm burden, liver egg count and pathology. Additionally, the gene expression profiles of the adult male and female worms recovered from the infected mice were analyzed by RNA sequencing. Results The worm burden, liver egg count and pathology of the mice infected with cercariae released from transferred snails bred in non-permissive areas for 13 years showed no significant differences, when compared with the control cercariae. Slight changes occurred at the transcription level between adult male and female worms recovered from mice infected with cercariae derived from snails bred in permissive and non-permissive areas. Only fourteen genes were significantly differentially expressed in the comparison of adult female worms, and no significantly differentially expressed gene was found in the comparison of adult male worms. Conclusions Our findings strongly suggest that transferred snails did not change their schistosomiasis transmission ability and the worms derived from them retained the original pathogenicity, even after migrating from permissive to non-permissive areas for 13 years. Therefore, a long-term surveillance system of snails along the SNWDP is urgently needed to prevent the diffusion of O. hupensis and reduce the risk of transmission of schistosomiasis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Song Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic Of China.,Anhui Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Hefei, 230061, Anhui Province, People's Republic Of China
| | - Fang Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic Of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, 272033, Shandong Province, People's Republic Of China
| | - Feng Miao
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, 272033, Shandong Province, People's Republic Of China.
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic Of China. .,National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of China Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Joint Research Laboratory of Genetics and Ecology on Parasite-host Interaction, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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18
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Survey and Diagnostic Challenges after Transmission-Stop: Confirming Elimination of Schistosomiasis haematobium in Morocco. J Parasitol Res 2020; 2020:9705358. [PMID: 32411424 PMCID: PMC7212323 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9705358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical cases of Moroccan residents have been recorded since 2004, indicating successful interruption of transmission of S. haematobium infection at national level. The first national survey initiated in 2009 for Schistosomiasis haematobium among children born after 2004, applied diagnostic test was the HAMA-EITB, based on the Western blot technology, and molecular malacological diagnostic tools clearly confirm transmission stop. In 2015, a recent, small survey utilizing an HAI, ELISA tests and an ultrasensitive antigen test, FTCUP CAA, in a group of individual with a past history of infection. However, obviously follow-up surveys to prevent reemergency and for certification of the schistosomiasis elimination require vigilant diagnosis strategies. Here we discuss diagnosis story line in the national laboratory and challenges based on the available tools in relation to their clinical parameters (sensitivity/specificity; Sn/Sp), practicability and associated costs. When transmission stop has been achieved, survey cost and speed are likely to benefit from cost effective pooling strategies and ultrasensitive assays indicating active infection in all potential risk groups. Similarly molecular pooling strategies to monitor infections in the snail vectors.
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Wang Z, Du Z, Liu Y, Wang W, Liang M, Zhang A, Yang J. Comparison of the clinicopathological features and prognoses of patients with schistosomal and nonschistosomal colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2375-2383. [PMID: 32194737 PMCID: PMC7039146 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with schistosomal colorectal cancer (CRC) and nonschistosomal CRC have different clinicopathological features, laboratory test results and survival rates. Long-term infection with schistosomiasis in patients with CRC may affect the pathogenesis and subsequently change the mechanisms of CRC in these patients, resulting in changes in the survival rates of patients with schistosomal and nonschistosomal CRC. In China, the most common type of schistosomiasis is S. japonicum. The present study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of schistosomal and nonschistosomal CRC. A total of 253 patients with schistosomal CRC and 2,885 patients with nonschistosomal CRC were analyzed and their symptoms, clinicopathological features and laboratory test results were retrospectively evaluated. Patients with CRC in the present study underwent radical resection at The First Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College between January 2012 and December 2018. A total of 3,138 patients with CRC were enrolled, 253 of whom were patients with schistosomal CRC. Patients were followed-up to examine differences in the 5-year survival rates between patients with schistosomal and nonschistosomal CRC to determine whether schistosomiasis impacted the prognosis of CRC. There were significant differences in age, sex, fecal occult blood positive, pathological T stage, and CA19-9, WBC, RBC and PLT levels between patients with schistosomal CRC and nonschistosomal CRC. For residents in areas with higher levels of schistosomiasis infections, especially middle-aged and elderly males, serum tumor markers and digestive tract endoscopy should be regularly evaluated to detect the presence of digestive tract tumors as early as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Zhixiang Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Yinhua Liu
- Department of Pathology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Manman Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Aiping Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Jianghua Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
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Spatiotemporal pattern analysis of schistosomiasis based on village level in the transmission control stage in lake and marshland areas in China. Parasitology 2019; 147:199-212. [PMID: 31699184 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182019001537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hubei Province is one of the endemic regions with severe schistosomiasis in China. To eliminate schistosomiasis in lake and marshland regions, this study detected hotspots of schistosomiasis cases both spatially and spatiotemporally on the basis of spatial autocorrelation; clustering and outlier, purely spatial and spatiotemporal cluster analyses at the village level from 2013 to 2017 in Hubei Province. The number of cases confirmed positive by an immunodiagnostic test and etiological diagnosis and advanced schistosomiasis cases dramatically declined during the study period. Significant global spatial autocorrelation of schistosomiasis patients was found at the village level in the whole province in 5 years. Clustering and outlier analysis showed that most HH villages were mainly concentrated along the Yangtze River, especially in Jianghan Plain. Spatial and spatiotemporal cluster analyses showed that significant clusters of the schistosomiasis cases were detected at the village level. In general, space and spatiotemporal clustering of schistosomiasis cases at the village level demonstrated a downward trend from 2013 from 2017 in Hubei Province. High-risk regions included Jianghan Plain along the middle reach of Yangtze River and Yangxin County in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in Hubei Province. To eliminate schistosomiasis, precise control and management of schistosomiasis cases should be strictly implemented. Moreover, comprehensive prevention and control measures should be continuously strengthened in these regions.
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21
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Dai SM, Edwards J, Guan Z, Lv S, Li SZ, Zhang LJ, Feng J, Feng N, Zhou XN, Xu J. Change patterns of oncomelanid snail burden in areas within the Yangtze River drainage after the three gorges dam operated. Infect Dis Poverty 2019; 8:48. [PMID: 31208457 PMCID: PMC6580481 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-019-0562-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An "integrated control" strategy has been implemented within seven provinces at highest risk for schistosomiasis along Yangtze River in Peoples' Republic of China (P. R. China) since 2004. Since Oncomelania hupensis is the only intermediate host of the blood fluke (Schistosoma japonicum), controlling the distribution of snails is considered an essential and effective way to reduce the risk of schistosomiasis infection. The study aimed to determine the snail area burden and annual trend among provinces with potential risk for schistosomiasis along the Yangtze River, above and below the Three Gorges Dam (TGD). METHODS This retrospective study utilized data previously collected from the National Parasitic Diseases Control Information Management System (NPDCIMS) on annual snail surveys from 2009 to 2017. Descriptive statistics were performed for analyzing the snail burden by provinces, counties, type of environmental location and year, and mapping was conducted to present the snails distribution. RESULTS From 2009 to 2017, the total snail infested area decreased by 4.22%, from 372 253 hm2 to 356 553 hm2 within the seven high risk provinces. The majority of snails were found in the marshland and lake regions, outside of control embankments. The total snail burden trend remained relatively stable in upstream regions above the TGD from 2010 to 2015, while the trend decreased within downstream regions during this period. In 2016 and 2017, the total snail burden trend increased in both upstream and downstream provinces, however, upstream saw a larger increase. From 2009 to 2017, there were a total of 5990 hm2 of newly developed snail areas in the seven study provinces and the majority were concentrated in regions below the TGD, accounting for 5610 hm2 (93.70%). CONCLUSIONS There has been a decline in total snail counts from 2009 to 2017. Meanwhile, new snail breeding areas were formed mainly within provinces downstream the TGD due to spread of snails, indicated that the oncomelanid snail would be difficult to completely eliminate. We suggest that the national schistosomiasis integrated control strategy, including mollusciding and environmental modification, will need to be enhanced significantly going forward to achieve a greater reduction in snail burden and ultimately to achieve elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Min Dai
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Tropical Disease Research Center, 207 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Jeffrey Edwards
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA
| | - Zhou Guan
- Center of Disease Control and Prevention of Henan Province, 105 Nongyenan Road, Zhengzhou, 450016 Henan China
| | - Shan Lv
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Tropical Disease Research Center, 207 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Shi-Zhu Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Tropical Disease Research Center, 207 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Li-Juan Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Tropical Disease Research Center, 207 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Jun Feng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Tropical Disease Research Center, 207 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Ning Feng
- Center for Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Room 211, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Tropical Disease Research Center, 207 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Jing Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Tropical Disease Research Center, 207 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
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A Call for Systems Epidemiology to Tackle the Complexity of Schistosomiasis, Its Control, and Its Elimination. Trop Med Infect Dis 2019; 4:tropicalmed4010021. [PMID: 30699922 PMCID: PMC6473336 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed4010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ever since the first known written report of schistosomiasis in the mid-19th century, researchers have aimed to increase knowledge of the parasites, their hosts, and the mechanisms contributing to infection and disease. This knowledge generation has been paramount for the development of improved intervention strategies. Yet, despite a broad knowledge base of direct risk factors for schistosomiasis, there remains a paucity of information related to more complex, interconnected, and often hidden drivers of transmission that hamper intervention successes and sustainability. Such complex, multidirectional, non-linear, and synergistic interdependencies are best understood by looking at the integrated system as a whole. A research approach able to address this complexity and find previously neglected causal mechanisms for transmission, which include a wide variety of influencing factors, is needed. Systems epidemiology, as a holistic research approach, can integrate knowledge from classical epidemiology, with that of biology, ecology, social sciences, and other disciplines, and link this with informal, tacit knowledge from experts and affected populations. It can help to uncover wider-reaching but difficult-to-identify processes that directly or indirectly influence exposure, infection, transmission, and disease development, as well as how these interrelate and impact one another. Drawing on systems epidemiology to address persisting disease hotspots, failed intervention programmes, and systematically neglected population groups in mass drug administration programmes and research studies, can help overcome barriers in the progress towards schistosomiasis elimination. Generating a comprehensive view of the schistosomiasis system as a whole should thus be a priority research agenda towards the strategic goal of morbidity control and transmission elimination.
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Elimination of Schistosoma japonicum Transmission in China: A Case of Schistosomiasis Control in the Severe Epidemic Area of Anhui Province. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16010138. [PMID: 30621070 PMCID: PMC6339220 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the several decades, China has been incessantly optimizing control strategies in response to the varying epidemic situations of schistosomiasis. We evaluated continuously the changing prevalence under different control strategies of two villages, Sanlian and Guifan, in China through five phases lasting 37 years. We tested residents, calculated prevalence and discussed change causes. We found the prevalence in Sanlian did not differ significant from that of Guifan (p = 0.18) in 1981, but decreased to 2.66%, much lower than Guifan’s 11.25%, in 1984 (p = 0). Besides, prevalence in Guifan increased to 21.25% in 1987, while in Sanlian it rose to 20.78% until 1989. Those data confirmed that praziquantel combined with snail control could better reduce the prevalence. From 1992 to 1994, the prevalence in the two villages displayed downtrends, which showed the World Bank Loan Project worked. From 1995 to 2004, repeated oscillations with no obvious change trend was seen. Since 2005, the prevalence in both villages has shown a significant downtrend (p < 0.05), which suggests the integrated strategy is effective. We considered the control strategies were implemented suitably in the study area under changing social circumstances. Adjusting the strategy in consideration of social transformations is necessary and vital. The experience may be useful for policy making of other epidemic areas with an analogous situation.
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Qian C, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Yuan C, Gao Z, Yuan H, Zhong J. Effectiveness of the new integrated strategy to control the transmission of Schistosoma japonicum in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:54. [PMID: 30444486 PMCID: PMC6238655 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2018058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Since 2004, the national schistosomiasis control strategy in China has shifted from the morbidity control strategy (conventional strategy) to an integrated strategy (new strategy). We investigated the effectiveness of the new strategy and compared it against the conventional strategy. We retrieved from electronic databases the literature regarding the new strategy published from 2000 to 2017. The effect of the new or conventional strategy on infection by Schistosoma japonicum of humans and snails (Oncomelania hupensis) was evaluated with pooled log relative risk (logRR). A total of only eight eligible publications were included in the final meta-analysis. The results showed that implementation of the new strategy reduced the infection risk by 3–4 times relative to the conventional strategy. More specifically, the conventional strategy caused a reduction in both human (logRR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.12–0.99) and snail infections (logRR = 0.34, 95% CI: −0.69–1.37), while the new strategy also significantly reduced both human (logRR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.33–2.46) and snail infections (logRR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.06–2.15). In contrast to the conventional strategy, the new strategy appeared more effective to control both human (logRR difference = 1.32, 95% CI: 0.78–1.86) and snail infections (logRR difference = 1.53, 95% CI: 0.76–2.31). Our data demonstrate that the new integrated strategy is highly effective to control the transmission of S. japonicum in China, and this strategy is recommended for schistosomiasis elimination in other affected regions across the world, with adaptation to local conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Qian
- Yuhang Branch, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311100, Zhejiang Province, PR China - School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Yuefeng Zhang
- Yuhang Branch, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311100, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xinyan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, PR China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai 200443, PR China
| | - Zhichao Gao
- Yuhang Branch, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311100, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Hong Yuan
- Yuhang Branch, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311100, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jiang Zhong
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
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25
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Yang Y, Gao J, Cheng W, Pan X, Yang Y, Chen Y, Dai Q, Zhu L, Zhou Y, Jiang Q. Three Gorges Dam: polynomial regression modeling of water level and the density of schistosome-transmitting snails Oncomelania hupensis. Parasit Vectors 2018. [PMID: 29540206 PMCID: PMC5853163 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2687-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis remains a major public health concern in China. Oncomelania hupensis (O. hupensis) is the sole intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum, and its change in distribution and density influences the endemic S. japonicum. The Three Gorges Dam (TGD) has substantially changed the downstream water levels of the dam. This study investigated the quantitative relationship between flooding duration and the density of the snail population. Methods Two bottomlands without any control measures for snails were selected in Yueyang City, Hunan Province. Data for the density of the snail population and water level in both spring and autumn were collected for the period 2009–2015. Polynomial regression analysis was applied to explore the relationship between flooding duration and the density of the snail population. Results Data showed a convex relationship between spring snail density and flooding duration of the previous year (adjusted R2, aR2 = 0.61). The spring snail density remained low when the flooding duration was fewer than 50 days in the previous year, was the highest when the flooding duration was 123 days, and decreased thereafter. There was a similar convex relationship between autumn snail density and flooding duration of the current year (aR2 = 0.77). The snail density was low when the flooding duration was fewer than 50 days and was the highest when the flooding duration was 139 days. Conclusions There was a convex relationship between flooding duration and the spring or autumn snail density. The snail density was the highest when flooding lasted about four to 5 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Yang
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jianchuan Gao
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wanting Cheng
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiang Pan
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Qingqing Dai
- Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, 74078, USA
| | - Lan Zhu
- Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, 74078, USA
| | - Yibiao Zhou
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Qingwu Jiang
- Fudan University School of Public Health, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Li S, Chen Y, Xia C, Lynn H, Gao F, Wang Q, Zhang S, Hu Y, Zhang Z. The Spatial-Temporal Trend Analysis of Schistosomiasis from 1997 to 2010 in Anhui Province, Eastern China. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 98:1145-1151. [PMID: 29436347 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is still prevalent in some parts of China. A shift in strategy from morbidity control to elimination has led to great strides in the past several decades. The objective of this study was to explore the spatial and temporal characteristics of schistosomiasis in Anhui, an eastern province of China. In this study, township-based parasitological data were collected from annual cross-sectional surveys during 1997-2010. The kernel k-means method was used to identify spatial clusters of schistosomiasis, and an empirical mode decomposition technique was used to analyze the temporal trend for Schistosoma japonicum in each clustered region. Overall, the prevalence of schistosomiasis remained at a low level except for the resurgence in 2005. According to the Caliński-Harabas index, all the townships were classified into three different clusters (median prevalence: 3.6 per 10,100, 1.8 per 10,000 and 1.7 per 10,000), respectively representing high-, median-, and low-risk clusters. There was an increasing tendency observed for the disease over time. The prevalence increased rapidly from 2003 to 2005, peaked in 2006, and then decreased afterward in the high-risk cluster. A moderate increase was observed in the median-risk cluster from 1998 to 2006, but there was an obvious decreasing tendency in the low-risk cluster after the year 2000. The spatial and temporal patterns of schistosomiasis were nonsynchronous across the three clusters. Disease interventions may be adjusted according to the risk levels of the clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory for Spatial Analysis and Modelling, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Congcong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory for Spatial Analysis and Modelling, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Henry Lynn
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenghua Gao
- Anhui Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qizhi Wang
- Anhui Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shiqing Zhang
- Anhui Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Laboratory for Spatial Analysis and Modelling, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory for Spatial Analysis and Modelling, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Huang Y, Huang D, Geng Y, Fang S, Yang F, Wu C, Zhang H, Wang M, Zhang R, Wang X, Wu S, Cao J, Zhang R. An Integrated Control Strategy Takes Clonorchis sinensis Under Control in an Endemic Area in South China. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2017; 17:791-798. [PMID: 29040056 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2017.2133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis is an important foodborne zoonosis worldwide and prevalent in China for more than 2000 years. According to the experience of controlling Schistosoma japonica, China started to establish the integrated control strategy for C. sinensis in endemic areas. Lou village, the largest village in Shenzhen city in South China was taken as a pilot site. This longitudinal study assessed the infection status of C. sinensis among people and intermediate hosts from 2006 to 2014 in Lou village. After a continuous intervention with the integrated control strategy, the prevalence of C. sinensis decreased significantly to 2.01% in 2014. The infection intensity also reduced significantly with eggs per gram varying from 45.6 ± 3.4 in 2010 to 21.7 ± 1.6 in 2012. There is also a statistically significant decrease of the prevalence of C. sinensis metacercariae in fish hosts from 16.51% in 2008 before the intervention to 5.33% in 2014. All the old-styled toilets were replaced by sanitary ones with a harmless processing design in 2014. No viable parasite eggs were detected in stool samples from the reconstructed toilets. Health education played an important role in changing the eating habits among the local residents, with a significant decrease in the prevalence of eating raw fish from 91.99% in 2008 to 59.87% in 2014. The evaluation suggested that the integrated strategy we have performed in Lou village is effective in controlling the C. sinensis infection and maintaining the infection rate at a lower level, which can be promoted in other endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Huang
- 1 Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Dana Huang
- 1 Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Yijie Geng
- 1 Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Shisong Fang
- 1 Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- 1 Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Chunli Wu
- 1 Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- 1 Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Miao Wang
- 1 Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Ran Zhang
- 1 Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- 1 Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Wu
- 1 Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Cao
- 2 National Institute of Parasitic Diseases , Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Renli Zhang
- 1 Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen, P.R. China
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28
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Wu X, Ren J, Gao Z, Xu Y, Xie H, Li T, Cheng Y, Hu F, Liu H, Gong Z, Liang J, Shen J, Liu Z, Wu F, Sun X, Niu Z, Ning A. Plasma D-dimer Can Effectively Predict the Prospective Occurrence of Ascites in Advanced Schistosomiasis Japonica Patients. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2017; 55:167-174. [PMID: 28506039 PMCID: PMC5450959 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2017.55.2.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
China still has more than 30,000 patients of advanced schistosomiasis while new cases being reported consistently. D-dimer is a fibrin degradation product. As ascites being the dominating symptom in advanced schistosomiasis, the present study aimed to explore a prediction model of ascites with D-dimer and other clinical easy-achievable indicators. A case-control study nested in a prospective cohort was conducted in schistosomiasis-endemic area of southern China. A total of 291 patients of advanced schistosomiasis were first investigated in 2013 and further followed in 2014. Information on clinical history, physical examination, and abdominal ultrasonography, including the symptom of ascites was repeatedly collected. Result showed 44 patients having ascites. Most of the patients’ ascites were confined in the kidney area with median area of 20 mm2. The level of plasma D-dimer and pertinent liver function indicators were measured at the initial investigation in 2013. Compared with those without ascites, cases with ascites had significantly higher levels of D-dimer (0.71±2.44 μg/L vs 0.48±2.12 μg/L, P=0.005), as well ALB (44.5 vs 46.2, g/L) and Type IV collagen (50.04 vs 44.50 μg/L). Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses indicated a moderate predictive value of D-dimer by its own area under curve (AUC) of 0.64 (95% CI: 0.54–0.73) and the cutoff value as 0.81 μg/L. Dichotomized by the cutoff level, D-dimer along with other categorical variables generated a prediction model with AUC of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.68–0.89). Risks of patients with specific characteristics in the prediction model were summarized. Our study suggests that the plasma D-dimer level is a reliable predictor for incident ascites in advanced schistosomiasis japonica patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianwei Ren
- Health Department of Guard Bureau of General Office of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zulu Gao
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Yun Xu
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Huiqun Xie
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Tingfang Li
- Schistosomiasis Control Station of Yugan County, Shangrao, P. R. China
| | - Yanhua Cheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Fei Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Gong
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Jinyi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Control of the Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jia Shen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Control of the Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Control of the Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Control of the Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Control of the Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhongzheng Niu
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, California, USA
| | - An Ning
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Nanchang, P. R. China
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29
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Sun LP, Wang W, Zuo YP, Zhang ZQ, Hong QB, Yang GJ, Zhu HR, Liang YS, Yang HT. An integrated environmental improvement of marshlands: impact on control and elimination of schistosomiasis in marshland regions along the Yangtze River, China. Infect Dis Poverty 2017; 6:72. [PMID: 28330510 PMCID: PMC5361825 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-017-0287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis is a global snail-transmitted infectious disease of poverty. Transmission control had been achieved in China in 2015 after the control efforts for over 60 years. Currently, the remaining core regions endemic for Schistosoma japonicum are mainly located in the marshland and lake regions along the Yangtze River basin. METHODS During the period from 2001 through 2015, an integrated environmental improvement of the marshlands was carried out through the implementation of industrial, agricultural and resources development projects in Yizheng County along the Yangtze River. S. japonicum infection in humans, livestock and snails was estimated by serology, stool examination, hatching technique and microscopy during the 15-year study period to evaluate the effect of the integrated environmental improvement on control and elimination of schistosomiasis. RESULTS A 0.05% overall rate of S. japonicum infection was observed in snails during the 15-year study period, and no infected snails were detected since 2012. The overall prevalence of S. japonicum infection was 0.09% in humans during the study period, and no human infection was found since 2012. In addition, only 13 bovines were identified with S. japonicum infection in 2003 during the 15-year study period, and since 2004, no infection was found in livestock. CONCLUSION The results of the present study demonstrate that the implementation of industrial, agricultural and water resources development projects, not only alters snail habitats in marshland regions, and promotes local economic development, which appears a win-to-win strategy to block the transmission of S. japonicum and accelerate socio-economic development along the Yangtze River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Ping Sun
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
| | - Yin-Ping Zuo
- Yangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 36 Yanfu East Road, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225000 China
| | - Zheng-Qiu Zhang
- Yizheng County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NO. 1 Jiankang Road, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 211440 China
| | - Qing-Biao Hong
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
| | - Guo-Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
| | - Hong-Ru Zhu
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
| | - You-Sheng Liang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
| | - Hai-Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
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30
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Sun LP, Wang W, Hong QB, Li SZ, Liang YS, Yang HT, Zhou XN. Approaches being used in the national schistosomiasis elimination programme in China: a review. Infect Dis Poverty 2017; 6:55. [PMID: 28292327 PMCID: PMC5351197 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-017-0271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis japonica, caused by the human blood fluke Schistosoma japonicum, remains a major public health problem in China, although great success has been achieved. The control efforts during the past half-decade, notably the wide implementation of the new integrated strategy with emphasis on control of the source of S. japonicum infection across the country since 2004, has greatly reduced S. japonicum in humans, livestock, and intermediate host Oncomelania hupensis snails, and transmission control of schistosomiasis was achieved in China in 2015. A two-stage roadmap was therefore proposed for schistosomiasis elimination in 2015, with aims to achieve transmission interruption by 2020 and achieve disease elimination by 2025 in the country. During the last two decades, a variety of approaches, which target the epidemiological factors of schistosomiasis japonica have been developed, in order to block the transmission cycle of the parasite. These approaches have been employed in the national or local schistosomiasis control activities, and facilitated, at least in part, the progress of the schistosomiasis elimination programs. Here, we present an approach to control the source of S. japonicum infection, three new tools for snail control, three approaches for detecting and monitoring S. japonicum infection, and a novel model for health education. These approaches are considered to play a great role in the stage moving towards transmission interruption and elimination of schistosomiasis in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Ping Sun
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214064, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, Wuxi, 214064, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214064, China. .,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, Wuxi, 214064, China. .,Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, China. .,School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China.
| | - Qing-Biao Hong
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214064, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, Wuxi, 214064, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, China
| | - Shi-Zhu Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory for Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200025, China.,WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - You-Sheng Liang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214064, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, Wuxi, 214064, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, China
| | - Hai-Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214064, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, Wuxi, 214064, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Key Laboratory for Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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31
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Sun LP, Wang W, Zuo YP, Hong QB, Du GL, Ma YC, Wang J, Yang GJ, Zhu DJ, Liang YS. A multidisciplinary, integrated approach for the elimination of schistosomiasis: a longitudinal study in a historically hyper-endemic region in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China from 2005 to 2014. Infect Dis Poverty 2017; 6:56. [PMID: 28288689 PMCID: PMC5348877 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-017-0270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although great success has been achieved, schistosomiasis remains a major public health concern in China, and the remaining core endemic regions are concentrated along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In this longitudinal study, we evaluated the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary, integrated approach for schistosomiasis elimination in a historically hyper-endemic region in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China over the 10-year period from 2005 through 2014. METHODS A three-step roadmap for schistosomiasis elimination was designed in the study site, and multidisciplinary, integrated interventions were implemented by the health, agriculture, water resources development, land and resources, and forestry sectors from 2005 to 2014, including chemotherapy for infected individuals, health education, management of the source of Schistosoma japonicum infection, and intermediate host snail control. The annual number of schistosomiasis patients, S. japonicum infection in humans, bovines and Oncomelania hupensis snails, and water infectivity were observed to assess the effectiveness of the multidisciplinary, integrated approach for the elimination of schistosomiasis. RESULTS There was a tendency towards a gradual decline in both the number of schistosomiasis cases and the prevalence of S. japonicum human infection across the study period from 2005 through 2014. No S. japonicum human infection was detected since 2012, and no acute infection was seen since 2006. During the study period, no infection was found in bovines, and a 0.03% overall infection rate was observed in O. hupensis snails. Since 2009, no infected snails were identified, and the area of both snail habitats and infected snail habitats appeared a reduction over the study period. Following the 3-year multidisciplinary, integrated control, infection control was achieved, and transmission control was achieved after 6-year implementation, with all infected snails and water infectivity eliminated; in addition, the 10-year implementation resulted in interruption of schistosomiasis transmission in the study site in 2014. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present 10-year longitudinal study demonstrate that the multidisciplinary, integrated approach is effective for the elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Ping Sun
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
| | - Yin-Ping Zuo
- Yangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 36 Yanfu East Road, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225000 China
| | - Qing-Biao Hong
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
| | - Guang-Lin Du
- Yangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 36 Yanfu East Road, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225000 China
| | - Yu-Cai Ma
- Hanjiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenhui West Road, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225000 China
| | - Jian Wang
- Yangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 36 Yanfu East Road, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225000 China
| | - Guo-Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
| | - Dao-Jian Zhu
- Yangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 36 Yanfu East Road, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225000 China
| | - You-Sheng Liang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, No. 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064 China
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Dai Y, Zhao S, Tang J, Xing Y, Qu G, Dai J, Jin X, Wang X. Evaluation of protective efficacy induced by different heterologous prime-boost strategies encoding triosephosphate isomerase against Schistosoma japonicum in mice. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:111. [PMID: 28241779 PMCID: PMC5330126 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, schistosomiasis japonica is a predominant zoonotic disease, and animal reservoir hosts in the environment largely sustain infections. The development of transmission-blocking veterinary vaccines is urgently needed for the prevention and efficient control of schistosomiasis. Heterologous prime-boost strategy is more effective than traditional vaccination and homologous prime-boost strategies against multiple pathogens infection. In the present study, to further improve protective efficacy, we immunized mice with three types of heterologous prime-boost combinations based on our previously constructed vaccines that encode triosphate isomerase of Schistosoma japonicum, tested the specific immune responses, and evaluated the protective efficacy through challenge infection in mice. METHODS DNA vaccine (pcDNA3.1-SjTPI.opt), adenoviral vectored vaccine (rAdV-SjTPI.opt), and recombinant protein vaccine (rSjTPI) were prepared and three types of heterologous prime-boost combinations, including DNA i.m. priming-rAdV i.m. boosting, rAdV i.m. priming-rAdV s.c. boosting, and rAdV i.m. priming-rSjTPI boosting strategies, were carried out. The specific immune responses and protective efficacies were evaluated in BALB/c mice RESULTS: Results show that different immune profiles and various levels of protective efficacy were elicited by using different heterologous prime-boost combinations. A synergistic effect was observed using the DNA i.m. priming-rAdV i.m. boosting strategy; however, its protective efficacy was similar to that of rAdV i.m. immunization. Conversely, an antagonistic effect was generated by using the rAd i.m. priming-s.c. boosting strategy. However, the strategy, with rAdV i.m. priming- rSjTPI s.c. boosting, generated the most optimal protective efficacy and worm or egg reduction rate reaching up to 70% in a mouse model. CONCLUSIONS A suitable immunization strategy, rAdV i.m. priming-rSjTPI boosting strategy, was developed, which elicits a high level of protective efficacy against Schistosoma japonicum infection in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Dai
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214064, People's Republic of China. .,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Song Zhao
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214064, People's Republic of China.,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxia Tang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214064, People's Republic of China.,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuntian Xing
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214064, People's Republic of China.,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoli Qu
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214064, People's Republic of China.,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianrong Dai
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214064, People's Republic of China.,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Jin
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214064, People's Republic of China.,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214064, People's Republic of China. .,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, People's Republic of China.
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Multi-host model and threshold of intermediate host Oncomelania snail density for eliminating schistosomiasis transmission in China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31089. [PMID: 27535177 PMCID: PMC4989165 DOI: 10.1038/srep31089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis remains a serious public health issue in many tropical countries, with more than 700 million people at risk of infection. In China, a national integrated control strategy, aiming at blocking its transmission, has been carried out throughout endemic areas since 2005. A longitudinal study was conducted to determine the effects of different intervention measures on the transmission dynamics of S. japonicum in three study areas and the data were analyzed using a multi-host model. The multi-host model was also used to estimate the threshold of Oncomelania snail density for interrupting schistosomiasis transmission based on the longitudinal data as well as data from the national surveillance system for schistosomiasis. The data showed a continuous decline in the risk of human infection and the multi-host model fit the data well. The 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles, and the mean of estimated thresholds of Oncomelania snail density below which the schistosomiasis transmission cannot be sustained were 0.006, 0.009, 0.028 and 0.020 snails/0.11 m2, respectively. The study results could help develop specific strategies of schistosomiasis control and elimination tailored to the local situation for each endemic area.
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Zhu H, Yap P, Utzinger J, Jia TW, Li SZ, Huang XB, Cai SX. Policy Support and Resources Mobilization for the National Schistosomiasis Control Programme in The People's Republic of China. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2016; 92:341-83. [PMID: 27137452 PMCID: PMC7103126 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis remains a public health problem in many developing countries around the world. After the founding of The People's Republic of China, from 1949 till date, all levels of government, from central to local, have been attaching great importance to schistosomiasis control in The People's Republic of China. With considerable policy support and resources mobilization, the national schistosomiasis control programmes have been implemented during the past 65years. Here, we summarize the successful experience of schistosomiasis control during the process. Recommendations for the future management of the Chinese national schistosomiasis elimination programme are put forward after considering the remaining challenges, shortcomings and lessons learnt from 65years of schistosomiasis control drives in The People's Republic of China. They will help to sustain past achievements, foster the attainment of the ultimate goal of schistosomiasis elimination for the country and provide reference for schistosomiasis control programme in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Zhu
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, The People's Republic of China
| | - P. Yap
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J. Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - T.-W. Jia
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
| | - S.-Z. Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
| | - X.-B. Huang
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, The People's Republic of China
| | - S.-X. Cai
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, The People's Republic of China
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Xu J, Steinman P, Maybe D, Zhou XN, Lv S, Li SZ, Peeling R. Evolution of the National Schistosomiasis Control Programmes in The People's Republic of China. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2016; 92:1-38. [PMID: 27137441 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis japonica is caused by the parasitic trematode Schistosoma japonicum. It is endemic in The People's Republic of China and has significant impact on human health and socioeconomic development in certain regions. Over the last six decades, the national control programmes evolved in remarkable ways and brought schistosomiasis japonica largely under control. We describe the history and evolution of schistosomiasis control in The People's Republic of China, with an emphasis on shifts in control strategies that evolved with new insights into the biology of the parasite and its intermediate hosts, and the epidemiology of the disease in the country. We also highlight the achievements in controlling the disease in different socioecological settings, and identify persisting challenges to fully eliminate schistosomiasis japonica from the country. To reach the goal of schistosomiasis elimination, further integration of interventions, multisector collaboration, sensitive and effective surveillance are needed to strengthen.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
| | - P Steinman
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; Basel Universities, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Maybe
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - X-N Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
| | - S Lv
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
| | - S-Z Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
| | - R Peeling
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Liu Y, Zhou YB, Li RZ, Wan JJ, Yang Y, Qiu DC, Zhong B. Epidemiological Features and Effectiveness of Schistosomiasis Control Programme in Mountainous and Hilly Region of The People's Republic of China. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2016; 92:73-95. [PMID: 27137443 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that affects over 200million people worldwide in at least 76 countries, ranking second only after malaria in terms of its socio-economic and public health importance in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Chinese surveillance data since the mid-1950s have shown that endemic areas are divided into three types based on geographical, ecological and epidemiological factors, such as marshland and lake region, plain region with waterway networks and hilly and mountainous region. As confirmed by numerous epidemiological investigations, schistosomiasis endemic areas of the mountainous type are distributed in 178 counties in 11 provinces of The People's Republic of China. Over the past several decades great success in transmission control has been achieved by implementation of control strategies that were suitable for the mountainous and hilly endemic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, The People's Republic of China
| | - Y-B Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; Center for Tropical Disease Research, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
| | - R-Z Li
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, The People's Republic of China
| | - J-J Wan
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, The People's Republic of China
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
| | - D-C Qiu
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, The People's Republic of China
| | - B Zhong
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, The People's Republic of China
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Li ZJ, Ge J, Dai JR, Wen LY, Lin DD, Madsen H, Zhou XN, Lv S. Biology and Control of Snail Intermediate Host of Schistosoma japonicum in The People's Republic of China. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2016; 92:197-236. [PMID: 27137448 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma japonicum is a severe parasitic disease in The People's Republic of China and imposed considerable burden on human and domestic animal health and socioeconomic development. The significant achievement in schistosomiasis control has been made in last 60years. Oncomelania hupensis as the only intermediate host of S. japonicum plays a key role in disease transmission. The habitat complexity of the snails challenges to effective control. In this review we share the experiences in control and research of O. hupensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-J Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Nanchang, The People's Republic of China
| | - J Ge
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Nanchang, The People's Republic of China
| | - J-R Dai
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu, The People's Republic of China
| | - L-Y Wen
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, The People's Republic of China; Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, The People's Republic of China
| | - D-D Lin
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Nanchang, The People's Republic of China
| | - H Madsen
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - X-N Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
| | - S Lv
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
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Epidemiological Features and Control Progress of Schistosomiasis in Waterway-Network Region in The People's Republic of China. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2016; 92:97-116. [PMID: 27137444 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis was one of the most serious parasitic diseases in The People's Republic of China, and the endemic region was classified into three types according to the epidemiological characteristics and living conditions of the intermediate host. After more than 60years of efforts, schistosomiasis control programme has made great strides in waterway-network regions. We analyse the epidemic changes of schistosomiasis and its control progress through the schistosomiasis regions' documents and investigation data to evaluate the efficacy of the schistosomiasis control strategies in the waterway-network-type endemic region, which provides the basis for refinement of efforts, as well as summary of the Chinese schistosomiasis control experience in the waterway-network areas.
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Zhang JF, Xu J, Bergquist R, Yu LL, Yan XL, Zhu HQ, Wen LY. Development and Application of Diagnostics in the National Schistosomiasis Control Programme in The People's Republic of China. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2016; 92:409-34. [PMID: 27137454 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, caused by Schistosoma japonicum infection to human, has a documented history of more than 2100years in The People's Republic of China. In spite of great progress in controlling the disease, it is still one of the most serious parasitic diseases in the country. The study and use of diagnostic techniques play an important role in the targeting of chemotherapy that has been continuously applied in the national schistosomiasis control programme for several decades. This paper reviews the development and application of parasitological, immunodiagnostic and molecular diagnostic technology for S. japonicum in The People's Republic of China with a brief mention of diagnostic imagery, such as ultrasound and radiology. When analysing the efficacy and performance characteristics of the main diagnostic techniques in current use, it becomes apparent that approaches that worked well in the past are less suitable now as successful control has shifted the endemic situation towards control and interruption of transmission. The conclusion is that a mutable approach must be adopted choosing the most appropriate diagnostic technique for each control stage (and area), thus modifying the methodology according to the prevailing diagnostic needs in terms of sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-F Zhang
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, The People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention (Ministry of Health), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Parasite Molecular Biology, Wuxi, The People's Republic of China; Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, The People's Republic of China
| | - J Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
| | - R Bergquist
- Geospatial Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - L-L Yu
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, The People's Republic of China
| | - X-L Yan
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, The People's Republic of China
| | - H-Q Zhu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
| | - L-Y Wen
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, The People's Republic of China; Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, The People's Republic of China
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