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Rezaeeyan H, Arabfard M, Rasouli HR, Shahriary A, Gh BFNM. Evaluation of common protein biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases with proteomic methods: A systematic review. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1090. [PMID: 38018577 PMCID: PMC10659759 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Respiratory disease (RD) is one of the most common diseases characterized by lung dysfunction. Many diagnostic mechanisms have been used to identify the pathogenic agents of responsible for RD. Among these, proteomics emerges as a valuable diagnostic method for pinpointing the specific proteins involved in RD pathogenesis. Therefore, in this study, for the first time, we examined the protein markers involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), asthma, bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), and chemical warfare victims exposed to mustard gas, using the proteomics method as a systematic study. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search was performed up to September 2023 on several databases, including PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane. In total, selected 4246 articles were for evaluation according to the criteria. Finally, 119 studies were selected for this systematic review. RESULTS A total of 13,806 proteins were identified, 6471 in COPD, 1603 in Asthma, 5638 in IPF, three in BO, and 91 in mustard gas exposed victims. Alterations in the expression of these proteins were observed in the respective diseases. After evaluation, the results showed that 31 proteins were found to be shared among all five diseases. CONCLUSION Although these 31 proteins regulate different factors and molecular pathways in all five diseases, they ultimately lead to the regulation of inflammatory pathways. In other words, the expression of some proteins in COPD and mustard-exposed patients increases inflammatory reactions, while in IPF, they cause lung fibrosis. Asthma, causes allergic reactions due to T-cell differentiation toward Th2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Rezaeeyan
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings InstituteBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion MedicineIranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO)TehranIran
| | - Masoud Arabfard
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings InstituteBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hamid R. Rasouli
- Trauma Research CenterBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Alireza Shahriary
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings InstituteBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - B. Fatemeh Nobakht M. Gh
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings InstituteBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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2
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Effendi WI, Nagano T. Epigenetics Approaches toward Precision Medicine for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Focus on DNA Methylation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041047. [PMID: 37189665 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic information is not transmitted solely by DNA but by the epigenetics process. Epigenetics describes molecular missing link pathways that could bridge the gap between the genetic background and environmental risk factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Specific epigenetic patterns, especially DNA methylation, histone modifications, long non-coding, and microRNA (miRNAs), affect the endophenotypes underlying the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Among all the epigenetic marks, DNA methylation modifications have been the most widely studied in IPF. This review summarizes the current knowledge concerning DNA methylation changes in pulmonary fibrosis and demonstrates a promising novel epigenetics-based precision medicine.
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3
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Vásquez V, Orozco J. Detection of COVID-19-related biomarkers by electrochemical biosensors and potential for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of the course of the disease in the context of personalized medicine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 415:1003-1031. [PMID: 35970970 PMCID: PMC9378265 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As a more efficient and effective way to address disease diagnosis and intervention, cutting-edge technologies, devices, therapeutic approaches, and practices have emerged within the personalized medicine concept depending on the particular patient's biology and the molecular basis of the disease. Personalized medicine is expected to play a pivotal role in assessing disease risk or predicting response to treatment, understanding a person's health status, and, therefore, health care decision-making. This work discusses electrochemical biosensors for monitoring multiparametric biomarkers at different molecular levels and their potential to elucidate the health status of an individual in a personalized manner. In particular, and as an illustration, we discuss several aspects of the infection produced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a current health care concern worldwide. This includes SARS-CoV-2 structure, mechanism of infection, biomarkers, and electrochemical biosensors most commonly explored for diagnostics, prognostics, and potentially assessing the risk of complications in patients in the context of personalized medicine. Finally, some concluding remarks and perspectives hint at the use of electrochemical biosensors in the frame of other cutting-edge converging/emerging technologies toward the inauguration of a new paradigm of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Vásquez
- grid.412881.60000 0000 8882 5269Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 N° 52-20, Medellín, 050010 Colombia
| | - Jahir Orozco
- grid.412881.60000 0000 8882 5269Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 N° 52-20, Medellín, 050010 Colombia
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4
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Vizuet-de-Rueda JC, Montero-Vargas JM, Galván-Morales MÁ, Porras-Gutiérrez-de-Velasco R, Teran LM. Current Insights on the Impact of Proteomics in Respiratory Allergies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105703. [PMID: 35628512 PMCID: PMC9144092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory allergies affect humans worldwide, causing extensive morbidity and mortality. They include allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma, pollen food allergy syndrome (PFAS), aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), and nasal polyps (NPs). The study of respiratory allergic diseases requires new technologies for early and accurate diagnosis and treatment. Omics technologies provide the tools required to investigate DNA, RNA, proteins, and other molecular determinants. These technologies include genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. However, proteomics is one of the main approaches to studying allergic disorders' pathophysiology. Proteins are used to indicate normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention. In this field, the principal goal of proteomics has been to discover new proteins and use them in precision medicine. Multiple technologies have been applied to proteomics, but that most used for identifying, quantifying, and profiling proteins is mass spectrometry (MS). Over the last few years, proteomics has enabled the establishment of several proteins for diagnosing and treating respiratory allergic diseases.
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5
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Lebedenko AA, Afonin AA, Semernik OE, Loginova IG, Gunko VO, Larichkin AV, Alliluyev IA, Galkina GA, Panova IV. Proteomic analysis of blood serum - a new approach to the search for diagnostic markers of bronchial asthma in children. Klin Lab Diagn 2022; 67:81-84. [PMID: 35192752 DOI: 10.51620/0869-2084-2022-67-2-81-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Currently, bronchial asthma (BA) is one of the most pressing medical and social problems, the molecular aspects of the formation and development of BA are insufficiently studied and the diagnosis is not perfect. Carrying out proteomic analysis of BA will not only reveal new biomarkers specific to this disease, but also bring us closer to understanding its pathogenetic mechanisms. The purpose of the study: to study the proteomic profile of blood serum of children with BA to identify proteins associated with this disease A comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination of children suffering from BA and control group patients was performed. Proteomic analysis of depleted blood serum included high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis (1 direction: immobiline strips 17cm, pH 3-10, 2 direction: denaturing electrophoresis in 12.5% polyacrylamide gel), protein staining on gels with fluorescent dye Flamingo, protein identification by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry using the search algorithm Mascot and the Swiss-Prot database. Comparison of the proteomic profile of BA serum and the control group patients serum allowed us to establish that the production of a number of proteins is reduced in this pathology. Among them, proteins in the molecular weight range of 16-33 kDa (p<0.05) were identified: glutathione peroxidase 3, transtyretin, complement components C4b and C3. Research shows that changes in the children's serum proteome occur in BA, affecting proteins that play an important role in immune responses, ligand transport, and antioxidant protection. Special attention should be paid to the differences identified in the course of this work (glutathione peroxidase, transtyretin, C3 and C4 fragments of the complement system) or their combinations. Studying the features of their expression will expand our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying chronic inflammation of this disease.
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6
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A New Characterization of Mental Health Disorders Using Digital Behavioral Data: Evidence from Major Depressive Disorder. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10143109. [PMID: 34300275 PMCID: PMC8304477 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10143109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental health disorders are ambiguously defined and diagnosed. The established diagnosis technique, which is based on structured interviews, questionnaires and data subjectively reported by the patients themselves, leaves the mental health field behind other medical areas. We support these statements with examples from major depressive disorder (MDD). The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) launched the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project in 2009 as a new framework to investigate psychiatric pathologies from a multidisciplinary point of view. This is a good step in the right direction. Contemporary psychiatry considers mental illnesses as diseases that manifest in the mind and arise from the brain, expressed as a behavioral condition; therefore, we claim that these syndromes should be characterized primarily using behavioral characteristics. We suggest the use of smartphones and wearable devices to passively collect quantified behavioral data from patients by utilizing digital biomarkers of mental disorder symptoms. Various digital biomarkers of MDD symptoms have already been detected, and apps for collecting this longitudinal behavioral data have already been developed. This quantified data can be used to determine a patient’s diagnosis and personalized treatment, and thereby minimize the diagnosis rate of comorbidities. As there is a wide spectrum of human behavior, such a fluidic and personalized approach is essential.
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7
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Kazeminasab S, Emamalizadeh B, Jouyban A, Shoja MM, Khoubnasabjafari M. Macromolecular biomarkers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in exhaled breath condensate. Biomark Med 2020; 14:1047-1063. [PMID: 32940079 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers provide important diagnostic and prognostic information on heterogeneous diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, finding a suitable specimen for clinical analysis of biomarkers for COPD is challenging. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) sampling is noninvasive, rapid, cost-effective and easily repeatable. EBC sampling has also provided recent progress in the identification of biological macromolecules, such as lipids, proteins and DNA in EBC samples, which has increased its utility for clinical scientists. In this article, we review applications involving EBC sampling for the analysis of COPD biomarkers and discuss its future potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Kazeminasab
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center & Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran.,Liver & Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14756, Iran
| | - Babak Emamalizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences,Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center & Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran.,Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14117-13135, Iran
| | - Mohammadali M Shoja
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Maryam Khoubnasabjafari
- Tuberculosis & Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14756, Iran
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8
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Russo P, Lococo F, Kisialiou A, Prinzi G, Lamonaca P, Cardaci V, Tomino C, Fini M. Pharmacological Management of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COPD). Focus on Mutations - Part 1. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1721-1733. [PMID: 29852859 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180601100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report a comprehensive overview of current Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COPD) therapies and discuss the development of possible new pharmacological approaches based on "new" knowledge. Specifically, sensitivity/resistance to corticosteroids is evaluated with a special focus on the role of gene mutations in drug response. OBJECTIVE Critically review the opportunities and the challenges occurring in the treatment of COPD. CONCLUSION Findings from "omics" trials should be used to learn more about biological targeted drugs, and to select more specific drugs matching patient's distinctive molecular profile. Specific markers of inflammation such as the percentage of eosinophils are important in determining sensitivity/resistance to corticosteroids. Specific gene variations (Single nucleotide polymorphisms: SNPs) may influence drug sensitivity or resistance. Clinicians working in a real-world need to have a suitable interpretation of molecular results together with a guideline for the treatment and recommendations. Far more translational research is required before new results from omics techniques can be applied in personalized medicine in realworld settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Russo
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana Via di Valcannuta, 247, I-00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Lococo
- Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Aliaksei Kisialiou
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana Via di Valcannuta, 247, I-00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Prinzi
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana Via di Valcannuta, 247, I-00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Palma Lamonaca
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana Via di Valcannuta, 247, I-00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Cardaci
- Unit of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana Via di Valcannuta, 247, I-00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Tomino
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana Via di Valcannuta, 247, I-00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Fini
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana Via di Valcannuta, 247, I-00166 Rome, Italy
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9
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Åhrman E, Hallgren O, Malmström L, Hedström U, Malmström A, Bjermer L, Zhou XH, Westergren-Thorsson G, Malmström J. Quantitative proteomic characterization of the lung extracellular matrix in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Proteomics 2018; 189:23-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Cagnone M, Salvini R, Bardoni A, Fumagalli M, Iadarola P, Viglio S. Searching for biomarkers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using proteomics: The current state. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:151-164. [PMID: 30216498 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Detection of proteins which may be potential biomarkers of disorders represents a big step forward in understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie pathological processes. In this context proteomics plays the important role of opening a path for the identification of molecular signatures that can potentially assist in early diagnosis of several clinical disturbances. Aim of this report is to provide an overview of the wide variety of proteomic strategies that have been applied to the investigation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a severe disorder that causes an irreversible damage to the lungs and for which there is no cure yet. The results in this area published over the past decade show that proteomics indeed has the ability of monitoring alterations in expression profiles of proteins from fluids/tissues of patients affected by COPD and healthy controls. However, these data also suggest that proteomics, while being an attractive tool for the identification of novel pathological mediators of COPD, remains a technique mainly generated and developed in research laboratories. Great efforts dedicated to the validation of these biological signatures will result in the proof of their clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Cagnone
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Salvini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Bardoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Fumagalli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "L.Spallanzani", Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Iadarola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "L.Spallanzani", Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Simona Viglio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Italy
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11
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Abstract
Pheno-/endotyping chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is really important because it provides patients with precise and personalized medicine. The central concept of precision medicine is to take individual variability into account when making management decisions. Precision medicine should ensure that patients get the right treatment at the right dose at the right time, with minimum harmful consequences and maximum efficacy. Ideally, we should search for genetic and molecular biomarker-based profiles. Given the clinical complexity of COPD, it seems likely that a panel of several biomarkers will be required to characterize pathogenetic factors and their course over time. The need for biomarkers to guide the clinical care of individuals with COPD and to enhance the possibilities of success in drug development is clear and urgent, but biomarker development is tremendously challenging and expensive, and translation of research efforts to date has been largely ineffective. Furthermore, the development of personalized treatments will require a much more detailed understanding of the clinical and biological heterogeneity of COPD. Therefore, we are still far from being able to apply precision medicine in COPD and the treatable traits and FEV1-free approaches are attempts to precision medicine in COPD that must be considered still quite unsophisticated.
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12
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Abstract
Proteomics has enabled researchers to evaluate global protein changes in a relatively rapid and comprehensive manner. Applications of these technologies in lung research include biomarker and drug discovery, elucidating disease mechanisms, and quantitative clinical assays. Two common workflows exist for quantitative proteomics studies that are aimed at determining differences in protein levels: label-free and labeling methods. Here we describe specific techniques involved in both quantitative workflows; these include extensive sample preparation methods for several lung-specific sample types. Methods are also included for mass spectrometry-based sample analysis and data analysis. While the focus is on quantitative, clinical proteomics, these strategies are appropriate for a wide array of sample types and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole A Reisdorph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Cole Michel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kristofer Fritz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Richard Reisdorph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Kan M, Shumyatcher M, Himes BE. Using omics approaches to understand pulmonary diseases. Respir Res 2017; 18:149. [PMID: 28774304 PMCID: PMC5543452 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0631-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Omics approaches are high-throughput unbiased technologies that provide snapshots of various aspects of biological systems and include: 1) genomics, the measure of DNA variation; 2) transcriptomics, the measure of RNA expression; 3) epigenomics, the measure of DNA alterations not involving sequence variation that influence RNA expression; 4) proteomics, the measure of protein expression or its chemical modifications; and 5) metabolomics, the measure of metabolite levels. Our understanding of pulmonary diseases has increased as a result of applying these omics approaches to characterize patients, uncover mechanisms underlying drug responsiveness, and identify effects of environmental exposures and interventions. As more tissue- and cell-specific omics data is analyzed and integrated for diverse patients under various conditions, there will be increased identification of key mechanisms that underlie pulmonary biological processes, disease endotypes, and novel therapeutics that are efficacious in select individuals. We provide a synopsis of how omics approaches have advanced our understanding of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and we highlight ongoing work that will facilitate pulmonary disease precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Kan
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, 402 Blockley Hall 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Maya Shumyatcher
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, 402 Blockley Hall 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Blanca E. Himes
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, 402 Blockley Hall 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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14
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Marson FAL, Bertuzzo CS, Ribeiro JD. Personalized or Precision Medicine? The Example of Cystic Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:390. [PMID: 28676762 PMCID: PMC5476708 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of the knowledge on human genetics, by the identification of disease-associated variants, culminated in the understanding of human variability. With the genetic knowledge, the specificity of the clinical phenotype and the drug response of each individual were understood. Using the cystic fibrosis (CF) as an example, the new terms that emerged such as personalized medicine and precision medicine can be characterized. The genetic knowledge in CF is broad and the presence of a monogenic disease caused by mutations in the CFTR gene enables the phenotype–genotype association studies (including the response to drugs), considering the wide clinical and laboratory spectrum dependent on the mutual action of genotype, environment, and lifestyle. Regarding the CF disease, personalized medicine is the treatment directed at the symptoms, and this treatment is adjusted depending on the patient’s phenotype. However, more recently, the term precision medicine began to be widely used, although its correct application and understanding are still vague and poorly characterized. In precision medicine, we understand the individual as a response to the interrelation between environment, lifestyle, and genetic factors, which enabled the advent of new therapeutic models, such as conventional drugs adjustment by individual patient dosage and drug type and response, development of new drugs (read through, broker, enhancer, stabilizer, and amplifier compounds), genome editing by homologous recombination, zinc finger nucleases, TALEN (transcription activator-like effector nuclease), CRISPR-Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated endonuclease 9), and gene therapy. Thus, we introduced the terms personalized medicine and precision medicine based on the CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando A L Marson
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | - Carmen S Bertuzzo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | - José D Ribeiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of CampinasCampinas, Brazil
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15
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Kelly RS, Dahlin A, McGeachie MJ, Qiu W, Sordillo J, Wan ES, Wu AC, Lasky-Su J. Asthma Metabolomics and the Potential for Integrative Omics in Research and the Clinic. Chest 2016; 151:262-277. [PMID: 27776981 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complex disease well-suited to metabolomic profiling, both for the development of novel biomarkers and for the improved understanding of pathophysiology. In this review, we summarize the 21 existing metabolomic studies of asthma in humans, all of which reported significant findings and concluded that individual metabolites and metabolomic profiles measured in exhaled breath condensate, urine, plasma, and serum could identify people with asthma and asthma phenotypes with high discriminatory ability. There was considerable consistency across the studies in terms of the reported biomarkers, regardless of biospecimen, profiling technology, and population age. In particular, acetate, adenosine, alanine, hippurate, succinate, threonine, and trans-aconitate, and pathways relating to hypoxia response, oxidative stress, immunity, inflammation, lipid metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were all identified as significant in at least two studies. There were also a number of nonreplicated results; however, the literature is not yet sufficiently developed to determine whether these represent spurious findings or reflect the substantial heterogeneity and limited statistical power in the studies and their methods to date. This review highlights the need for additional asthma metabolomic studies to explore these issues, and, further, the need for standardized methods in the way these studies are conducted. We conclude by discussing the potential of translation of these metabolomic findings into clinically useful biomarkers and the crucial role that integrated omics is likely to play in this endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Amber Dahlin
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael J McGeachie
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Weiliang Qiu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joanne Sordillo
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, MA
| | - Emily S Wan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; VA Boston Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Boston, MA
| | - Ann Chen Wu
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, MA
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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16
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Bagnasco D, Ferrando M, Bernardi S, Passalacqua G, Canonica GW. The path to personalized medicine in asthma. Expert Rev Respir Med 2016; 10:957-65. [PMID: 27399975 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2016.1205490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma is a common respiratory disorder, since about 10% of the population suffer from this disease, and up to 10% have a severe form. Recent findings have allowed a greater and deeper understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms, distinguishing two groups of patients according to the prevalent cellular population that drives the inflammatory process, and consequentially, to intervene on different cellular targets. AREAS COVERED Currently, several biological drugs directly interfering with these pathophysiological mechanisms (namely IgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-17) are under investigation. Expert commentary: With the elucidation of mechanisms, new-targeted drugs have been developed. Asthma therapy is changing from a 'one size fits all' therapy to a 'precision medicine' model, where we may prescribe the most appropriate treatment for each patient. Moreover, in the near future, the possibility to act a 'sequential bio-combination therapy' can be envisaged, using different biological drugs in the same patient to act on different pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Bagnasco
- a Allergy & Respiratory Diseases, DIMI, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST , Genoa , Italy
| | - Matteo Ferrando
- a Allergy & Respiratory Diseases, DIMI, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST , Genoa , Italy
| | - Stefano Bernardi
- a Allergy & Respiratory Diseases, DIMI, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST , Genoa , Italy
| | - Giovanni Passalacqua
- a Allergy & Respiratory Diseases, DIMI, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST , Genoa , Italy
| | - Giorgio Walter Canonica
- a Allergy & Respiratory Diseases, DIMI, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST , Genoa , Italy
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