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Dojcsák D, Farkas F, Farkas T, Papp J, Garami A, Viskolcz B, Váradi C. The Impact of Protein Glycosylation on the Identification of Patients with Pediatric Appendicitis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6432. [PMID: 38928139 PMCID: PMC11204372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The identification of pediatric appendicitis is challenging due to the lack of specific markers thereby several factors are included in the diagnostic process such as abdominal pain, ultrasonography and altered laboratory parameters (C reactive protein, absolute neutrophil cell number and white blood cell number). The glycosylation pattern of serum N-glycome was analyzed in this study of 38 controls and 40 patients with pediatric appendicitis. The glycans were released by enzymatic deglycosylation followed by fluorescent labeling and solid-phase extraction. The prepared samples were analyzed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence and mass-spectrometric detection. The generated data were analyzed by multiple statistical tests involving the most important laboratory parameters as well. Significant differences associated with the examined patient groups were revealed suggesting the potential use of glycosylation analysis supporting the detection of pediatric appendicitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalma Dojcsák
- Advanced Materials and Intelligent Technologies Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc, Hungary; (D.D.); (B.V.)
| | - Flóra Farkas
- Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County Center Hospital and University Teaching Hospital, 3526 Miskolc, Hungary; (F.F.); (T.F.); (J.P.)
| | - Tamás Farkas
- Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County Center Hospital and University Teaching Hospital, 3526 Miskolc, Hungary; (F.F.); (T.F.); (J.P.)
| | - János Papp
- Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County Center Hospital and University Teaching Hospital, 3526 Miskolc, Hungary; (F.F.); (T.F.); (J.P.)
| | - Attila Garami
- Institute of Energy, Ceramic and Polymer Technology, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc, Hungary;
| | - Béla Viskolcz
- Advanced Materials and Intelligent Technologies Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc, Hungary; (D.D.); (B.V.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Csaba Váradi
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc, Hungary
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2
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Girgis M, Petruncio G, Russo P, Peyton S, Paige M, Campos D, Sanda M. Analysis of N- and O-linked site-specific glycosylation by ion mobility mass spectrometry: State of the art and future directions. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300281. [PMID: 38171879 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Glycosylation, the major post-translational modification of proteins, significantly increases the diversity of proteoforms. Glycans are involved in a variety of pivotal structural and functional roles of proteins, and changes in glycosylation are profoundly connected to the progression of numerous diseases. Mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as the gold standard for glycan and glycopeptide analysis because of its high sensitivity and the wealth of fragmentation information that can be obtained. Various separation techniques have been employed to resolve glycan and glycopeptide isomers at the front end of the MS. However, differentiating structures of isobaric and isomeric glycopeptides constitutes a challenge in MS-based characterization. Many reports described the use of various ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) techniques for glycomic analyses. Nevertheless, very few studies have focused on N- and O-linked site-specific glycopeptidomic analysis. Unlike glycomics, glycoproteomics presents a multitude of inherent challenges in microheterogeneity, which are further exacerbated by the lack of dedicated bioinformatics tools. In this review, we cover recent advances made towards the growing field of site-specific glycosylation analysis using IM-MS with a specific emphasis on the MS techniques and capabilities in resolving isomeric peptidoglycan structures. Furthermore, we discuss commonly used software that supports IM-MS data analysis of glycopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Girgis
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering & Computing, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
- Center for Molecular Engineering, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Gregory Petruncio
- Center for Molecular Engineering, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul Russo
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Steven Peyton
- Center for Molecular Engineering, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Mikell Paige
- Center for Molecular Engineering, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Diana Campos
- Max-Planck-Institut fuer Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Miloslav Sanda
- Max-Planck-Institut fuer Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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3
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Zhao T, Liu S, Ma X, Shuai Y, He H, Guo T, Huang W, Wang Q, Liu S, Wang Z, Gong G, Huang L. Lycium barbarum arabinogalactan alleviates intestinal mucosal damage in mice by restoring intestinal microbes and mucin O-glycans. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 330:121882. [PMID: 38368089 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Structurally defined arabinogalactan (LBP-3) from Lycium barbarum have effect on improving intestinal barrier function. However, whether its intestinal barrier function depended on the changes of intestinal mucin O-glycans have not been investigated. A dextran sodium sulfate-induced acute colitis mouse model was employed to test prevention and treatment with LBP-3. The intestinal microbiota as well as colonic mucin O-glycan profiles were analyzed. Supplementation with LBP-3 inhibited harmful bacteria, including Desulfovibrionaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Helicobacteraceae while significantly increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria (e.g., Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Lactobacillaceae). Notably, LBP-3 augmented the content of neutral O-glycans by stimulating the fucosylation glycoforms (F1H1N2 and F1H2N2), short-chain sulfated O-glycans (S1F1H1N2, S1H1N2, and S1H2N3), and sialylated medium- and long-chain O-glycans (F1H2N2A1, H2N3A1, and F1H3N2A1). In summary, we report that supplement LBP-3 significantly reduced pathological symptoms, restored the bacterial community, and promoted the expression of O-glycans to successfully prevent and alleviate colitis in a mouse model, especially in the LBP-3 prevention testing group. The underlying mechanism of action was investigated using glycomics to better clarify which the structurally defined LBP-3 were responsible for its beneficial effect against ulcerative colitis and assess its use as a functional food or pharmaceutical supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhao
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Sining Liu
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xiaoran Ma
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yutong Shuai
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Houde He
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Tongyi Guo
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Wenqi Huang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Tianren Goji Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Guiping Gong
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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4
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Drzewicka K, Zasłona Z. Metabolism-driven glycosylation represents therapeutic opportunities in interstitial lung diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1328781. [PMID: 38550597 PMCID: PMC10973144 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1328781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic changes are coupled with alteration in protein glycosylation. In this review, we will focus on macrophages that are pivotal in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis and thanks to their adaptable metabolism are an attractive therapeutic target. Examples presented in this review demonstrate that protein glycosylation regulates metabolism-driven immune responses in macrophages, with implications for fibrotic processes and granuloma formation. Targeting proteins that regulate glycosylation, such as fucosyltransferases, neuraminidase 1 and chitinase 1 could effectively block immunometabolic changes driving inflammation and fibrosis, providing novel avenues for therapeutic interventions.
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Nunes MJ, Carvalho AN, Rosa AI, Videira PA, Gama MJ, Rodrigues E, Castro-Caldas M. Altered expression of Sialyl Lewis X in experimental models of Parkinson's disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:365-377. [PMID: 38197965 PMCID: PMC10879467 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) are still not fully understood. Glycosylation is an important post-translational modification that affects protein function, cell-cell contacts and inflammation and can be modified in pathologic conditions. Although the involvement of aberrant glycosylation has been proposed for PD, the knowledge of the diversity of glycans and their role in PD is still minimal. Sialyl Lewis X (sLeX) is a sialylated and fucosylated tetrasaccharide with essential roles in cell-to-cell recognition processes. Pathological conditions and pro-inflammatory mediators can up-regulate sLeX expression on cell surfaces, which has important consequences in intracellular signalling and immune function. Here, we investigated the expression of this glycan using in vivo and in vitro models of PD. We show the activation of deleterious glycation-related pathways in mouse striatum upon treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a toxin-based model of PD. Importantly, our results show that MPTP triggers the presentation of more proteins decorated with sLeX in mouse cortex and striatum in a time-dependent manner, as well as increased mRNA expression of its rate-limiting enzyme fucosyltransferase 7. sLeX is expressed in neurons, including dopaminergic neurons, and microglia. Although the underlying mechanism that drives increased sLeX epitopes, the nature of the protein scaffolds and their functional importance in PD remain unknown, our data suggest for the first time that sLeX in the brain may have a role in neuronal signalling and immunomodulation in pathological conditions. KEY MESSAGES: MPTP triggers the presentation of proteins decorated with sLeX in mouse brain. MPTP triggers the expression of sLeX rate-limiting enzyme FUT 7 in striatum. sLeX is expressed in neurons, including dopaminergic neurons, and microglia. sLeX in the brain may have a role in neuronal signalling and immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Nunes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Neves Carvalho
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexandra I Rosa
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula A Videira
- Department of Life Sciences, UCIBIO, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies - PPAIN), NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Maria João Gama
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elsa Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida Castro-Caldas
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Department of Life Sciences, UCIBIO, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
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Pasala C, Sharma S, Roychowdhury T, Moroni E, Colombo G, Chiosis G. N-Glycosylation as a Modulator of Protein Conformation and Assembly in Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:282. [PMID: 38540703 PMCID: PMC10968129 DOI: 10.3390/biom14030282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation, a prevalent post-translational modification, plays a pivotal role in regulating intricate cellular processes by covalently attaching glycans to macromolecules. Dysregulated glycosylation is linked to a spectrum of diseases, encompassing cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, congenital disorders, infections, and inflammation. This review delves into the intricate interplay between glycosylation and protein conformation, with a specific focus on the profound impact of N-glycans on the selection of distinct protein conformations characterized by distinct interactomes-namely, protein assemblies-under normal and pathological conditions across various diseases. We begin by examining the spike protein of the SARS virus, illustrating how N-glycans regulate the infectivity of pathogenic agents. Subsequently, we utilize the prion protein and the chaperone glucose-regulated protein 94 as examples, exploring instances where N-glycosylation transforms physiological protein structures into disease-associated forms. Unraveling these connections provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic avenues and a deeper comprehension of the molecular intricacies that underlie disease conditions. This exploration of glycosylation's influence on protein conformation effectively bridges the gap between the glycome and disease, offering a comprehensive perspective on the therapeutic implications of targeting conformational mutants and their pathologic assemblies in various diseases. The goal is to unravel the nuances of these post-translational modifications, shedding light on how they contribute to the intricate interplay between protein conformation, assembly, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjeevi Pasala
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (C.P.); (S.S.); (T.R.)
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (C.P.); (S.S.); (T.R.)
| | - Tanaya Roychowdhury
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (C.P.); (S.S.); (T.R.)
| | - Elisabetta Moroni
- The Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies (SCITEC), Italian National Research Council (CNR), 20131 Milano, Italy; (E.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Giorgio Colombo
- The Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies (SCITEC), Italian National Research Council (CNR), 20131 Milano, Italy; (E.M.); (G.C.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (C.P.); (S.S.); (T.R.)
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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7
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Barlang LA, Mohl BP, Blaurock C, Harder S, Breithaupt A, Merkel OM, Balkema-Buschmann A, Popp A. SARS-CoV-2 induced changes in the glycosylation pattern in the respiratory tract of Golden Syrian hamsters. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:152077. [PMID: 37523787 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Even after more than two years of intensive research, not all of the pathophysiological processes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, have been fully elucidated. The initial virus-host interaction at the respiratory epithelium plays a crucial role in the course and progression of the infection, and is highly dependent on the glycosylation pattern of the host cell and of the secreted mucins. Glycans are polysaccharides that can be attached to proteins and thereby add to their stability and functionality. Lectins are glycan-binding proteins that recognize specific glycan motifs, and lectin histochemistry is a suitable tool to visualize and examine glycosylation pattern changes in tissues. In this study we used lectins with different glycan-specificities for the visualization of glycosylation pattern changes in the respiratory tract of SARS-CoV-2 infected Golden Syrian hamsters. While some lectins (LEL, STL) enable the visualization of the damage to alveolar type 1 pneumocytes, other lectins, e.g., GSLI, visualized the loss and subsequent hyperplasia of type 2 pneumocytes. UEAI staining was co-localized with KI67, a proliferation marker. Double staining of lectins LEL, STL and WGA with specific immune cell markers (Iba1, CD68) showed co-localization and the dominant infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages into infected alveolar tissue. The elucidation of the glycosylation pattern of the respiratory tract cells in uninfected and infected Golden Syrian hamsters revealed physiological and pathological aspects of the disease that may open new possibilities for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea-Adriana Barlang
- Preclinical Safety, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 8133 Munich, Germany.
| | - Björn-Patrick Mohl
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Claudia Blaurock
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sophia Harder
- Preclinical Safety, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Angele Breithaupt
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Olivia M Merkel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 8133 Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Balkema-Buschmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Andreas Popp
- Preclinical Safety, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
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8
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Chau TH, Chernykh A, Kawahara R, Thaysen-Andersen M. Critical considerations in N-glycoproteomics. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 73:102272. [PMID: 36758418 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
N-Glycoproteomics, the system-wide study of glycans asparagine-linked to protein carriers, holds a unique and still largely untapped potential to provide deep insights into the complexity and dynamics of the heterogeneous N-glycoproteome. Despite the advent of innovative analytical and informatics tools aiding the analysis, N-glycoproteomics remains challenging and consequently largely restricted to specialised laboratories. Aiming to stimulate discussions of method harmonisation, data standardisation and reporting guidelines to make N-glycoproteomics more reproducible and accessible to the community, we here discuss critical considerations related to the design and execution of N-glycoproteomics experiments and highlight good practices in N-glycopeptide data collection, analysis, interpretation and sharing. Giving the rapid maturation and, expectedly, a wide-spread implementation of N-glycoproteomics capabilities across the community in future years, this piece aims to point out common pitfalls, to encourage good data sharing and documentation practices, and to highlight practical solutions and strategies to enhance the insight into the N-glycoproteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- The Huong Chau
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anastasia Chernykh
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rebeca Kawahara
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Morten Thaysen-Andersen
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
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9
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Dojcsák D, Kardos Z, Szabó M, Oláh C, Körömi Z, Viskolcz B, Váradi C. The Alterations of Serum N-glycome in Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076203. [PMID: 37047177 PMCID: PMC10093923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has caused a global concern since its outbreak in 2019, with one of the main solutions being vaccination. Altered glycosylation has been described in patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection, while the effect of vaccination on serum glycoproteins remained unexplored. In this study, total serum glycosylation was analyzed in patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or mRNA vaccination in order to identify potential glycosylation-based alterations. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to identify post-COVID-19 and post-Vaccinated patients and rule out potential outliers. Serum samples were deglycosylated by PNGase F digestion, and the released glycans were fluorescently derivatized using procainamide labeling. Solid-phase extraction was used to purify the labeled glycans followed by the analysis of hydrophilic-interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence and mass-spectrometric detection. Alterations of serum N-glycome in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and mRNA vaccination were revealed by linear discriminant analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalma Dojcsák
- Advanced Materials and Intelligent Technologies Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Kardos
- Borsod Academic County Hospital, 3526 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Miklós Szabó
- Borsod Academic County Hospital, 3526 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Csaba Oláh
- Borsod Academic County Hospital, 3526 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Körömi
- Borsod Academic County Hospital, 3526 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Béla Viskolcz
- Advanced Materials and Intelligent Technologies Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Csaba Váradi
- Advanced Materials and Intelligent Technologies Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-30-894-7730
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10
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Chen Z, Yu H, Chen X, Chen W, Song W, Li Z. Mutual regulation between glycosylation and transforming growth factor-β isoforms signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:123818. [PMID: 36858092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily members orchestrate a wide breadth of biological processes. Through Sma and Mad (Smad)-related dependent or noncanonical pathways, TGF-β members involve in the occurrence and development of many diseases such as cancers, fibrosis, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases and brain diseases. Glycosylation is one kind of the most common posttranslational modifications on proteins or lipids. Abnormal protein glycosylation can lead to protein malfunction and biological process disorder, thereby causing serious diseases. Previously, researchers commonly make comprehensive systematic overviews on the roles of TGF-β signaling in a specific disease or biological process. In recent years, more and more evidences associate glycosylation modification with TGF-β signaling pathway, and we can no longer disengage and ignore the roles of glycosylation from TGF-β signaling to make investigation. In this review, we provide an overview of current findings involved in glycosylation within TGF-βs and theirs receptors, and the interaction effects between glycosylation and TGF-β subfamily signaling, concluding that there is an intricate mutual regulation between glycosylation and TGF-β signaling, hoping to present the glycosylation regulatory patterns that concealed in TGF-βs signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Hanjie Yu
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Xiangqin Chen
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Wentian Chen
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Wanghua Song
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Zheng Li
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China.
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11
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Noel M, Chasman DI, Mora S, Otvos JD, Palmer CD, Parsons PJ, Smoller JW, Cummings RD, Mealer RG. The Inflammation Biomarker GlycA Reflects Plasma N-Glycan Branching. Clin Chem 2023; 69:80-87. [PMID: 36254612 PMCID: PMC10726709 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvac160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GlycA is a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal in plasma that correlates with inflammation and cardiovascular outcomes in large data sets. The signal is thought to originate from N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues of branched plasma N-glycans, though direct experimental evidence is limited. Trace element concentrations affect plasma glycosylation patterns and may thereby also influence GlycA. METHODS NMR GlycA signal was measured in plasma samples from 87 individuals and correlated with MALDI-MS N-glycomics and trace element analysis. We further evaluated the genetic association with GlycA at rs13107325, a single nucleotide polymorphism resulting in a missense variant within SLC39A8, a manganese transporter that influences N-glycan branching, both in our samples and existing genome-wide association studies data from 22 835 participants in the Women's Health Study (WHS). RESULTS GlycA signal was correlated with both N-glycan branching (r2 ranging from 0.125-0.265; all P < 0.001) and copper concentration (r2 = 0.348, P < 0.0001). In addition, GlycA levels were associated with rs13107325 genotype in the WHS (β [standard error of the mean] = -4.66 [1.2674], P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS These results provide the first direct experimental evidence linking the GlycA NMR signal to N-glycan branching commonly associated with acute phase reactive proteins involved in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxence Noel
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Preventive Medicine Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samia Mora
- Preventive Medicine Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James D Otvos
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Morrisville, NC, USA
| | - Christopher D Palmer
- New York State Department of Health, Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Patrick J Parsons
- New York State Department of Health, Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of Harvard/MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert G Mealer
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of Harvard/MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Liu Z, Xu M, Zhang W, Miao X, Wang PG, Li S, Yang S. Recent development in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography stationary materials for glycopeptide analysis. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:4437-4448. [PMID: 36300821 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01369j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications, and aberrant glycosylation is associated with the occurrence and development of diseases. Deciphering abnormal glycosylation changes can identify disease-specific signatures to facilitate the discovery of potential disease biomarkers. However, glycosylation analysis is challenging due to the diversity of glycans, heterogeneity of glycosites, and poor electrospray ionization of mass spectrometry. To overcome these obstacles, glycosylation is often elucidated using enriched glycopeptides by removing highly abundant non-glycopeptides. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) is widely used for glycopeptide enrichment due to its excellent selectivity and specificity to hydrophilic glycans and compatibility with mass spectrometry. However, the development of HILIC has lagged far behind hydrophobic interaction chromatography, so efforts to further improve the performance of HILIC are beneficial for glycosylation analysis. This review discusses recent developments in HILIC materials and their advanced applications. Based on the physiochemical properties of glycopeptides, the use of amino acids or peptides as stationary phases showed improved enrichment and separation of glycopeptides. We can envision that the use of glycopeptides as stationary phases would definitely further improve the selectivity and specificity of HILIC for glycosylation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoliang Liu
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
| | - Mingming Xu
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
| | - Wenqi Zhang
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
- Nanjing Apollomics Biotech, Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210033, China.
| | - Xinyu Miao
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
- Nanjing Apollomics Biotech, Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210033, China.
| | - Perry G Wang
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Shuwei Li
- Nanjing Apollomics Biotech, Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210033, China.
| | - Shuang Yang
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
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13
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Balakrishnan V, Ganapathy S, Veerasamy V, Subramaniyan S, Mohamed Hussain SA, Duraisamy R. Modifying effects of nerolidol on cell surface glycoconjugates and suppressed inflammation during DMBA-induced oral carcinogenesis: An in vivo and in silico. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01260-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Olejnik B, Ferens-Sieczkowska M. Seminal Plasma Glycoproteins as Potential Ligands of Lectins Engaged in Immunity Regulation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10489. [PMID: 36078205 PMCID: PMC9518496 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution, chronic stress, and unhealthy lifestyle are factors that negatively affect reproductive potential. Currently, 15-20% of couples in industrialized countries face the problem of infertility. This growing health and social problem prompts researchers to explore the regulatory mechanisms that may be important for successful fertilization. In recent years, more attention has been paid to male infertility factors, including the impact of seminal plasma components on regulation of the female immune response to allogenic sperm, embryo and fetal antigens. Directing this response to the tolerogenic pathway is crucial to achieve a healthy pregnancy. According to the fetoembryonic defense hypothesis, the regulatory mechanism may be associated with the interaction of lectins and immunomodulatory glycoepitopes. Such interactions may involve lectins of dendritic cells and macrophages, recruited to the cervical region immediately after intercourse. Carbohydrate binding receptors include C type lectins, such as DC-SIGN and MGL, as well as galectins and siglecs among others. In this article we discuss the expression of the possible lectin ligands, highly fucosylated and high mannose structures, which may be recognized by DC-SIGN, glycans of varying degrees of sialylation, which may differ in their interaction with siglecs, as well as T and Tn antigens in O-glycans.
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15
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Radovani B, Gudelj I. N-Glycosylation and Inflammation; the Not-So-Sweet Relation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:893365. [PMID: 35833138 PMCID: PMC9272703 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.893365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is the main feature of many long-term inflammatory diseases such as autoimmune diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. There is a growing number of studies in which alterations of N-glycosylation have been observed in many pathophysiological conditions, yet studies of the underlying mechanisms that precede N-glycome changes are still sparse. Proinflammatory cytokines have been shown to alter the substrate synthesis pathways as well as the expression of glycosyltransferases required for the biosynthesis of N-glycans. The resulting N-glycosylation changes can further contribute to disease pathogenesis through modulation of various aspects of immune cell processes, including those relevant to pathogen recognition and fine-tuning the inflammatory response. This review summarizes our current knowledge of inflammation-induced N-glycosylation changes, with a particular focus on specific subsets of immune cells of innate and adaptive immunity and how these changes affect their effector functions, cell interactions, and signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Radovani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ivan Gudelj
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
- *Correspondence: Ivan Gudelj,
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16
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dos Reis JS, Rodrigues da Costa Santos MA, Mendonça DP, Martins do Nascimento SI, Barcelos PM, Correia de Lima RG, da Costa KM, Freire-de-Lima CG, Morrot A, Previato JO, Mendonça Previato L, da Fonseca LM, Freire-de-Lima L. Glycobiology of Cancer: Sugar Drives the Show. MEDICINES 2022; 9:medicines9060034. [PMID: 35736247 PMCID: PMC9229842 DOI: 10.3390/medicines9060034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer development and progression is associated with aberrant changes in cellular glycosylation. Cells expressing altered glycan-structures are recognized by cells of the immune system, favoring the induction of inhibitory immune processes which subsequently promote tumor growth and spreading. Here, we discuss about the importance of glycobiology in modern medicine, taking into account the impact of altered glycan structures expressed in cancer cells as potential glycobiomarkers of disease, as well as on cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhenifer Santos dos Reis
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-170, Brazil; (J.S.d.R.); (M.A.R.d.C.S.); (D.P.M.); (S.I.M.d.N.); (P.M.B.); (R.G.C.d.L.); (K.M.d.C.); (C.G.F.-d.-L.); (J.O.P.); (L.M.P.); (L.M.d.F.)
| | - Marcos André Rodrigues da Costa Santos
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-170, Brazil; (J.S.d.R.); (M.A.R.d.C.S.); (D.P.M.); (S.I.M.d.N.); (P.M.B.); (R.G.C.d.L.); (K.M.d.C.); (C.G.F.-d.-L.); (J.O.P.); (L.M.P.); (L.M.d.F.)
| | - Daniella Pereira Mendonça
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-170, Brazil; (J.S.d.R.); (M.A.R.d.C.S.); (D.P.M.); (S.I.M.d.N.); (P.M.B.); (R.G.C.d.L.); (K.M.d.C.); (C.G.F.-d.-L.); (J.O.P.); (L.M.P.); (L.M.d.F.)
| | - Stefani Ingrid Martins do Nascimento
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-170, Brazil; (J.S.d.R.); (M.A.R.d.C.S.); (D.P.M.); (S.I.M.d.N.); (P.M.B.); (R.G.C.d.L.); (K.M.d.C.); (C.G.F.-d.-L.); (J.O.P.); (L.M.P.); (L.M.d.F.)
| | - Pedro Marçal Barcelos
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-170, Brazil; (J.S.d.R.); (M.A.R.d.C.S.); (D.P.M.); (S.I.M.d.N.); (P.M.B.); (R.G.C.d.L.); (K.M.d.C.); (C.G.F.-d.-L.); (J.O.P.); (L.M.P.); (L.M.d.F.)
| | - Rafaela Gomes Correia de Lima
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-170, Brazil; (J.S.d.R.); (M.A.R.d.C.S.); (D.P.M.); (S.I.M.d.N.); (P.M.B.); (R.G.C.d.L.); (K.M.d.C.); (C.G.F.-d.-L.); (J.O.P.); (L.M.P.); (L.M.d.F.)
| | - Kelli Monteiro da Costa
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-170, Brazil; (J.S.d.R.); (M.A.R.d.C.S.); (D.P.M.); (S.I.M.d.N.); (P.M.B.); (R.G.C.d.L.); (K.M.d.C.); (C.G.F.-d.-L.); (J.O.P.); (L.M.P.); (L.M.d.F.)
| | - Celio Geraldo Freire-de-Lima
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-170, Brazil; (J.S.d.R.); (M.A.R.d.C.S.); (D.P.M.); (S.I.M.d.N.); (P.M.B.); (R.G.C.d.L.); (K.M.d.C.); (C.G.F.-d.-L.); (J.O.P.); (L.M.P.); (L.M.d.F.)
| | - Alexandre Morrot
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil;
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21044-020, Brazil
| | - Jose Osvaldo Previato
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-170, Brazil; (J.S.d.R.); (M.A.R.d.C.S.); (D.P.M.); (S.I.M.d.N.); (P.M.B.); (R.G.C.d.L.); (K.M.d.C.); (C.G.F.-d.-L.); (J.O.P.); (L.M.P.); (L.M.d.F.)
| | - Lucia Mendonça Previato
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-170, Brazil; (J.S.d.R.); (M.A.R.d.C.S.); (D.P.M.); (S.I.M.d.N.); (P.M.B.); (R.G.C.d.L.); (K.M.d.C.); (C.G.F.-d.-L.); (J.O.P.); (L.M.P.); (L.M.d.F.)
| | - Leonardo Marques da Fonseca
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-170, Brazil; (J.S.d.R.); (M.A.R.d.C.S.); (D.P.M.); (S.I.M.d.N.); (P.M.B.); (R.G.C.d.L.); (K.M.d.C.); (C.G.F.-d.-L.); (J.O.P.); (L.M.P.); (L.M.d.F.)
| | - Leonardo Freire-de-Lima
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-170, Brazil; (J.S.d.R.); (M.A.R.d.C.S.); (D.P.M.); (S.I.M.d.N.); (P.M.B.); (R.G.C.d.L.); (K.M.d.C.); (C.G.F.-d.-L.); (J.O.P.); (L.M.P.); (L.M.d.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +55-21-3938-6646
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17
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Ozdilek A, Avci FY. Glycosylation as a key parameter in the design of nucleic acid vaccines. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2022; 73:102348. [PMID: 35255387 PMCID: PMC8957583 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine-induced immunity is expected to target the native antigens expressed by the pathogens. Therefore, it is highly important to generate vaccine antigens that are immunologically indistinguishable from the native antigens. Nucleic acid vaccines, comprised of DNA, mRNA, or recombinant viral vector vaccines, introduce the genetic material encoding the antigenic protein for the host to express. Because these proteins will undergo host posttranslational modifications, host glycosylation can potentially alter the structure and immunological efficacy of the antigen. In this review, we discuss the potential impact of host protein glycosylation on the immune responses generated by nucleic acid vaccines against bacterial and viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Ozdilek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Fikri Y Avci
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
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18
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Altered O-glycomes of Renal Brush-Border Membrane in Model Rats with Chronic Kidney Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11111560. [PMID: 34827558 PMCID: PMC8615448 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as a decrease in renal function or glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and proteinuria is often present. Proteinuria increases with age and can be caused by glomerular and/or proximal tubule (PT) alterations. PT cells have an apical brush border membrane (BBM), which is a highly dynamic, organized, and specialized membrane region containing multiple glycoproteins required for its functions including regulating uptake, secretion, and signaling dependent upon the physiologic state. PT disorders contribute to the dysfunction observed in CKD. Many glycoprotein functions have been attributed to their N- and O-glycans, which are highly regulated and complex. In this study, the O-glycans present in rat BBMs from animals with different levels of kidney disease and proteinuria were characterized and analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). A principal component analysis (PCA) documented that each group has distinct O-glycan distributions. Higher fucosylation levels were observed in the CKD and diabetic groups, which may contribute to PT dysfunction by altering physiologic glycoprotein interactions. Fucosylated O-glycans such as 1-1-1-0 exhibited higher abundance in the severe proteinuric groups. These glycomic results revealed that differential O-glycan expressions in CKD progressions has the potential to define the mechanism of proteinuria in kidney disease and to identify potential therapeutic interventions.
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19
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Suzuki Y. Development of Lectin Modified Fluorescent Magnetic Particles for Highly Sensitive Detection of Glycoconjugates. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21165512. [PMID: 34450954 PMCID: PMC8400584 DOI: 10.3390/s21165512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
I conducted this study to develop an improved method for glycome detection using fluorescent magnetic beads, whose surfaces were modified using lectins, for the highly sensitive detection of saccharides or glycoproteins via fluorescence quenching using a novel fluorescence emitter and quencher pair. The emitter (Cy3 fluorophore) was incorporated into magnetic beads, and a fluorescence quencher (cyanopyranyl group) was bound to glycomes via covalent bonding. The fluorescence intensities of fluorescent magnetic beads containing lectins decreased specifically in the presence of glycomes, which was a result of fluorescence quenching from Cy3 to cyanopyranyl groups due to the formation of a stable complex between lectins and glycome. Fluorescence intensities were plotted as a function of glycoprotein concentration, and good linear relationships were observed. This method enabled the fluorescent reading-out of a series of lectin-glycome interactions on the basis of recognition selectivity and affinity of immobilized lectins without tedious washing processes. Moreover, a simple profiling process was performed using this assay for diverse glycoconjugates, which not only included simple saccharides but also glycoproteins and glycome in cell lysates. These results clearly indicate that the combination of magnetic beads with the novel emitter-quencher pair enabled the highly sensitive detection of lectin-glycome interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Suzuki
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
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20
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Hart DA. What Molecular Recognition Systems Do Mesenchymal Stem Cells/Medicinal Signaling Cells (MSC) Use to Facilitate Cell-Cell and Cell Matrix Interactions? A Review of Evidence and Options. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168637. [PMID: 34445341 PMCID: PMC8395489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells, also called medicinal signaling cells (MSC), have been studied regarding their potential to facilitate tissue repair for >30 years. Such cells, derived from multiple tissues and species, are capable of differentiation to a number of lineages (chondrocytes, adipocytes, bone cells). However, MSC are believed to be quite heterogeneous with regard to several characteristics, and the large number of studies performed thus far have met with limited or restricted success. Thus, there is more to understand about these cells, including the molecular recognition systems that are used by these cells to perform their functions, to enhance the realization of their potential to effect tissue repair. This perspective article reviews what is known regarding the recognition systems available to MSC, the possible systems that could be looked for, and alternatives to enhance their localization to specific injury sites and increase their subsequent facilitation of tissue repair. MSC are reported to express recognition molecules of the integrin family. However, there are a number of other recognition molecules that also could be involved such as lectins, inducible lectins, or even a MSC-specific family of molecules unique to these cells. Finally, it may be possible to engineer expression of recognition molecules on the surface of MSC to enhance their function in vivo artificially. Thus, improved understanding of recognition molecules on MSC could further their success in fostering tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Hart
- Department of Surgery and Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Health Services Bone & Joint Health Strategic Clinical Network, Edmonton, AB T5H 3E4, Canada
- Centre for Hip Health & Mobility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
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21
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Michalak M, Kalteis MS, Ahadova A, Kloor M, Kriegsmann M, Kriegsmann K, Warnken U, Helm D, Kopitz J. Differential Glycosite Profiling-A Versatile Method to Compare Membrane Glycoproteomes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123564. [PMID: 34200965 PMCID: PMC8230608 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is the most prevalent and varied form of post-translational protein modifications. Protein glycosylation regulates multiple cellular functions, including protein folding, cell adhesion, molecular trafficking and clearance, receptor activation, signal transduction, and endocytosis. In particular, membrane proteins are frequently highly glycosylated, which is both linked to physiological processes and of high relevance in various disease mechanisms. The cellular glycome is increasingly considered to be a therapeutic target. Here we describe a new strategy to compare membrane glycoproteomes, thereby identifying proteins with altered glycan structures and the respective glycosites. The workflow started with an optimized procedure for the digestion of membrane proteins followed by the lectin-based isolation of glycopeptides. Since alterations in the glycan part of a glycopeptide cause mass alterations, analytical size exclusion chromatography was applied to detect these mass shifts. N-glycosidase treatment combined with nanoUPLC-coupled mass spectrometry identified the altered glycoproteins and respective glycosites. The methodology was established using the colon cancer cell line CX1, which was treated with 2-deoxy-glucose-a modulator of N-glycosylation. The described methodology is not restricted to cell culture, as it can also be adapted to tissue samples or body fluids. Altogether, it is a useful module in various experimental settings that target glycan functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Michalak
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.S.K.); (A.A.); (M.K.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (J.K.); Tel.: +49-6221-56-6167 (M.M.)
| | - Martin Simon Kalteis
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.S.K.); (A.A.); (M.K.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aysel Ahadova
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.S.K.); (A.A.); (M.K.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kloor
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.S.K.); (A.A.); (M.K.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Kriegsmann
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Katharina Kriegsmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Uwe Warnken
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Dominic Helm
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, MS-based Protein Analysis Unit, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.S.K.); (A.A.); (M.K.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (J.K.); Tel.: +49-6221-56-6167 (M.M.)
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22
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Berdiaki A, Neagu M, Giatagana EM, Kuskov A, Tsatsakis AM, Tzanakakis GN, Nikitovic D. Glycosaminoglycans: Carriers and Targets for Tailored Anti-Cancer Therapy. Biomolecules 2021; 11:395. [PMID: 33800172 PMCID: PMC8001210 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is composed of cancerous, non-cancerous, stromal, and immune cells that are surrounded by the components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), natural biomacromolecules, essential ECM, and cell membrane components are extensively altered in cancer tissues. During disease progression, the GAG fine structure changes in a manner associated with disease evolution. Thus, changes in the GAG sulfation pattern are immediately correlated to malignant transformation. Their molecular weight, distribution, composition, and fine modifications, including sulfation, exhibit distinct alterations during cancer development. GAGs and GAG-based molecules, due to their unique properties, are suggested as promising effectors for anticancer therapy. Considering their participation in tumorigenesis, their utilization in drug development has been the focus of both industry and academic research efforts. These efforts have been developing in two main directions; (i) utilizing GAGs as targets of therapeutic strategies and (ii) employing GAGs specificity and excellent physicochemical properties for targeted delivery of cancer therapeutics. This review will comprehensively discuss recent developments and the broad potential of GAG utilization for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (A.B.); (E.-M.G.); (G.N.T.)
| | - Monica Neagu
- Department of Immunology, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Eirini-Maria Giatagana
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (A.B.); (E.-M.G.); (G.N.T.)
| | - Andrey Kuskov
- Department of Technology of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Substances, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Aristidis M. Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - George N. Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (A.B.); (E.-M.G.); (G.N.T.)
- Laboratory of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (A.B.); (E.-M.G.); (G.N.T.)
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23
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Oommen A, Cunningham S, Joshi L. Transcriptomic Analysis of Respiratory Tissue and Cell Line Models to Examine Glycosylation Machinery during SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13010082. [PMID: 33435561 PMCID: PMC7827443 DOI: 10.3390/v13010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation, being the most abundant post-translational modification, plays a profound role affecting expression, localization and function of proteins and macromolecules in immune response to infection. Presented are the findings of a transcriptomic analysis performed using high-throughput functional genomics data from public repository to examine the altered transcription of the human glycosylation machinery in response to SARS-CoV-2 stimulus and infection. In addition to the conventional in silico functional enrichment analysis methods we also present results from the manual analysis of biomedical literature databases to bring about the biological significance of glycans and glycan-binding proteins in modulating the host immune response during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our analysis revealed key immunomodulatory lectins, proteoglycans and glycan epitopes implicated in exerting both negative and positive downstream inflammatory signaling pathways, in addition to its vital role as adhesion receptors for SARS-CoV-2 pathogen. A hypothetical correlation of the differentially expressed human glycogenes with the altered host inflammatory response and the cytokine storm-generated in response to SARS-CoV-2 pathogen is proposed. These markers can provide novel insights into the diverse roles and functioning of glycosylation pathways modulated by SARS-CoV-2, provide avenues of stratification, treatment, and targeted approaches for COVID-19 immunity and other viral infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Oommen
- Advanced Glycoscience Research Cluster (AGRC), National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (A.O.); (S.C.)
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Stephen Cunningham
- Advanced Glycoscience Research Cluster (AGRC), National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (A.O.); (S.C.)
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Lokesh Joshi
- Advanced Glycoscience Research Cluster (AGRC), National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (A.O.); (S.C.)
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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24
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Up-Regulates Sialyl Lewis X Expression in the Lung Epithelium. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9010099. [PMID: 33406734 PMCID: PMC7823657 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycans display increasingly recognized roles in pathological contexts, however, their impact in the host-pathogen interplay in many infectious diseases remains largely unknown. This is the case for tuberculosis (TB), one of the ten most fatal diseases worldwide, caused by infection of the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We have recently reported that perturbing the core-2 O-glycans biosynthetic pathway increases the host susceptibility to M. tuberculosis infection, by disrupting the neutrophil homeostasis and enhancing lung pathology. In the present study, we show an increased expression of the sialylated glycan structure Sialyl-Lewis X (SLeX) in the lung epithelium upon M. tuberculosis infection. This increase in SLeX glycan epitope is accompanied by an altered lung tissue transcriptomic signature, with up-regulation of genes codifying enzymes that are involved in the SLeX core-2 O-glycans biosynthetic pathway. This study provides novel insights into previously unappreciated molecular mechanisms involving glycosylation, which modulate the host response to M. tuberculosis infection, possibly contributing to shape TB disease outcome.
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25
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González-Morelo KJ, Vega-Sagardía M, Garrido D. Molecular Insights Into O-Linked Glycan Utilization by Gut Microbes. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:591568. [PMID: 33224127 PMCID: PMC7674204 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.591568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
O-linked glycosylation is a post-translational modification found mainly in eukaryotic cells, which covalently attaches oligosaccharides to secreted proteins in certain threonine or serine residues. Most of O-glycans have N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) as a common core. Several glycoproteins, such as mucins (MUCs), immunoglobulins, and caseins are examples of O-glycosylated structures. These glycans are further elongated with other monosaccharides and sulfate groups. Some of them could be found in dairy foods, while others are produced endogenously, in both cases interacting with the gut microbiota. Interestingly, certain gut microbes can access, release, and consume O-linked glycans as a carbon source. Among these, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron are prominent O-linked glycan utilizers. Their consumption strategies include specialized α-fucosidases and α-sialidases, in addition to endo-α-N-acetylgalactosaminidases that release galacto-N-biose (GNB) from peptides backbones. O-linked glycan utilization by certain gut microbes represents an important niche that allows them to predominate and modulate host responses such as inflammation. Here, we focus on the distinct molecular mechanisms of consumption of O-linked GalNAc glycans by prominent gut microbes, especially from mucin and casein glycomacropeptide (GMP), highlighting the potential of these structures as emerging prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Garrido
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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26
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García Caballero G, Beckwith D, Shilova NV, Gabba A, Kutzner TJ, Ludwig AK, Manning JC, Kaltner H, Sinowatz F, Cudic M, Bovin NV, Murphy PV, Gabius HJ. Influence of protein (human galectin-3) design on aspects of lectin activity. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 154:135-153. [PMID: 32335744 PMCID: PMC7429544 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01859-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The concept of biomedical significance of the functional pairing between tissue lectins and their glycoconjugate counterreceptors has reached the mainstream of research on the flow of biological information. A major challenge now is to identify the principles of structure–activity relationships that underlie specificity of recognition and the ensuing post-binding processes. Toward this end, we focus on a distinct feature on the side of the lectin, i.e. its architecture to present the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). Working with a multifunctional human lectin, i.e. galectin-3, as model, its CRD is used in protein engineering to build variants with different modular assembly. Hereby, it becomes possible to compare activity features of the natural design, i.e. CRD attached to an N-terminal tail, with those of homo- and heterodimers and the tail-free protein. Thermodynamics of binding disaccharides proved full activity of all proteins at very similar affinity. The following glycan array testing revealed maintained preferential contact formation with N-acetyllactosamine oligomers and histo-blood group ABH epitopes irrespective of variant design. The study of carbohydrate-inhibitable binding of the test panel disclosed up to qualitative cell-type-dependent differences in sections of fixed murine epididymis and especially jejunum. By probing topological aspects of binding, the susceptibility to inhibition by a tetravalent glycocluster was markedly different for the wild-type vs the homodimeric variant proteins. The results teach the salient lesson that protein design matters: the type of CRD presentation can have a profound bearing on whether basically suited oligosaccharides, which for example tested positively in an array, will become binding partners in situ. When lectin-glycoconjugate aggregates (lattices) are formed, their structural organization will depend on this parameter. Further testing (ga)lectin variants will thus be instrumental (i) to define the full range of impact of altering protein assembly and (ii) to explain why certain types of design have been favored during the course of evolution, besides opening biomedical perspectives for potential applications of the novel galectin forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel García Caballero
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Donella Beckwith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Nadezhda V Shilova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Moscow, Russia, 117997
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Adele Gabba
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Tanja J Kutzner
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Anna-Kristin Ludwig
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Joachim C Manning
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Fred Sinowatz
- Institut für Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Mare Cudic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
| | - Nicolai V Bovin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Moscow, Russia, 117997.
- Centre for Kode Technology Innovation, School of Engineering, Computer & Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Paul V Murphy
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany.
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