1
|
Gumusoglu S, Meincke CR, Kiel M, Betz A, Nuckols V, DuBose L, Steidele J, Sweezer E, Santillan D, Stroud AK, Pierce GL, Santillan MK. Low indoleamine 2, 3 dioxygenase (IDO) activity is associated with psycho-obstetric risk. Pregnancy Hypertens 2024; 35:12-18. [PMID: 38064980 PMCID: PMC11003651 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Preeclampsia and depression in pregnancy are among the most prevalent obstetric disorders with no known cures. While depression and preeclampsia each increase risk for the other, shared mechansisms are unclear. One possibility is low levels of Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO), which links immune dysregulation and oxidative arterial damage resulting in poor vascular function in both preeclampsia and depression. We hypothesized low circulating IDO activity levels in pregnancy would correspond to poor vascular function and depression symptoms. STUDY DESIGN In this nested case-control study, clinical, demographic, and biologic data from a cohort of pregnant women recruited to longitudinal studies measuring noninvasive vascular function and circulating factors were analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE IDO activity across all three trimesters of pregnancy was measured using a colorimetric assay. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), a measure of arterial stiffness, was also assessed throughout gestation by non-invasive applanation tonometry. Depression symptoms were assessed in pregnancy via the validated patient health questionnaire 9 (PHQ9). RESULTS Participants with low second and third trimester IDO activity had significantly decreased cfPWV. This association remained statistically significant when controlled for confounders such as BMI and chronic hypertension in the third but not second trimester. While PHQ9 scores were not associated with cfPWV differences, IDO activity was lower in moderate and severely depressed relative to non-depressed pregnant individuals. CONCLUSION These results implicate IDO in arterial stiffness and depression symptoms, suggesting that decreased IDO may be a central target for improved psycho-obstetric health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Gumusoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Casee R Meincke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Michaela Kiel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Alexandria Betz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Virginia Nuckols
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Lyndsey DuBose
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Jessica Steidele
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Eileen Sweezer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Donna Santillan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Amy K Stroud
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Gary L Pierce
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Mark K Santillan
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abooali M, Yasinska IM, Schlichtner S, Ruggiero S, Berger SM, Cholewa D, Milošević M, Bartenstein A, Fasler-Kan E, Sumbayev VV. Activation of immune evasion machinery is a part of the process of malignant transformation of human cells. Transl Oncol 2024; 39:101805. [PMID: 37844478 PMCID: PMC10587773 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant transformation of human cells is associated with their re-programming which results in uncontrolled proliferation and in the same time biochemical activation of immunosuppressive pathways which form cancer immune evasion machinery. However, there is no conceptual understanding of whether immune evasion machinery pathways and expression of immune checkpoint proteins form a part of the process of malignant transformation or if they are triggered by T lymphocytes and natural killers (NK) attempting to attack cells which are undergoing or already underwent malignant transformation. To address this fundamental question, we performed experimental malignant transformation of BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelium cells and RC-124 non-malignant human kidney epithelial cells using bracken extracts containing carcinogenic alkaloid called ptaquiloside. This transformation led to a significant upregulation of cell proliferation velocity and in the same time led to a significant upregulation in expression of key immune checkpoint proteins - galectin-9, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1). Their increased expression levels were in line with upregulation of the levels and activities of HIF-1 transcription complex and transforming growth factor beta type 1 (TGF-β)-Smad3 signalling pathway. When co-cultured with T cells, transformed epithelial cells displayed much higher and more efficient immune evasion activity compared to original non-transformed cells. Therefore, this work resolved a very important scientific and clinical question and suggested that cancer immune evasion machinery is activated during malignant transformation of human cells regardless the presence of immune cells in microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abooali
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom
| | - Inna M Yasinska
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Schlichtner
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom; DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; Division of Personalized Medical Oncology (A420), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Personalized Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sabrina Ruggiero
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern and Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Steffen M Berger
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern and Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dietmar Cholewa
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern and Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Milan Milošević
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern and Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Bartenstein
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern and Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elizaveta Fasler-Kan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern and Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Vadim V Sumbayev
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Basson C, Serem JC, Hlophe YN, Bipath P. The tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in immunomodulation and cancer metastasis. Cancer Med 2023; 12:18691-18701. [PMID: 37644823 PMCID: PMC10557908 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The activation of the kynurenine pathway in cancer progression and metastasis through immunomodulatory pathways has drawn attention to the potential for kynurenine pathway inhibition. The activation of the kynurenine pathway, which results in the production of kynurenine metabolites through the degradation of tryptophan, promotes the development of intrinsically malignant properties in cancer cells while facilitating tumour immune escape. In addition, kynurenine metabolites act as biologically active substances to promote cancer development and metastasis. METHODS A literature review was conducted to investigate the role of the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in immunomodulation and cancer metastasis. RESULTS Evidence suggests that several enzymes and metabolites implicated in the kynurenine pathway are overexpressed in various cancers. As such, the tryptophan pathway represents a promising target for cancer treatment. However, downstream signalling pathways, including aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation, have previously induced diverse biological effects in various malignancies, which resulted in either the promotion or the inhibition of metastasis. CONCLUSION As a result, a thorough investigation of the kynurenine pathway and its regulatory mechanisms is necessary in order to properly comprehend the effects of kynurenine pathway activation involved in cancer development and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlise Basson
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - June Cheptoo Serem
- Department of Anatomy, School of MedicineUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Yvette Nkondo Hlophe
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Priyesh Bipath
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schlichtner S, Yasinska IM, Klenova E, Abooali M, Lall GS, Berger SM, Ruggiero S, Cholewa D, Milošević M, Gibbs BF, Fasler-Kan E, Sumbayev VV. L-Kynurenine participates in cancer immune evasion by downregulating hypoxic signaling in T lymphocytes. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2244330. [PMID: 37577144 PMCID: PMC10416736 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2244330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors often escape anticancer immune surveillance by suppressing the cytotoxic functions of T lymphocytes. While many of these immune evasion networks include checkpoint proteins, small molecular weight compounds, such as the amino acid L-kynurenine (LKU), could also substantially contribute to the suppression of anti-cancer immunity. However, the biochemical mechanisms underlying the suppressive effects of LKU on T-cells remain unclear. Here, we report for the first time that LKU suppresses T cell function as an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand. The presence of LKU in T cells is associated with AhR activation, which results in competition between AhR and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) for the AhR nuclear translocator, ARNT, leading to T cell exhaustion. The expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1, the enzyme that leads to LKU generation) is induced by the TGF-β-Smad-3 pathway. We also show that IDO-negative cancers utilize an alternative route for LKU production via the endogenous inflammatory mediator, the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1)-interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) axis. In addition, other IDO-negative tumors (like T-cell lymphomas) trigger IDO1 activation in eosinophils present in the tumor microenvironment (TME). These mechanisms suppress cytotoxic T cell function, and thus support the tumor immune evasion machinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Schlichtner
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, UK
- Department of Personalized Medical Oncology, DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Division of Personalized Medical Oncology (A420), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Inna M. Yasinska
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, UK
| | - Elena Klenova
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Maryam Abooali
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, UK
| | - Gurprit S. Lall
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, UK
| | - Steffen M. Berger
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern and Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Ruggiero
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern and Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Human Medicine, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Cholewa
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern and Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Milan Milošević
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern and Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard F. Gibbs
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, UK
- Department of Human Medicine, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Elizaveta Fasler-Kan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern and Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vadim V. Sumbayev
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ziogas DC, Theocharopoulos C, Lialios PP, Foteinou D, Koumprentziotis IA, Xynos G, Gogas H. Beyond CTLA-4 and PD-1 Inhibition: Novel Immune Checkpoint Molecules for Melanoma Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2718. [PMID: 37345056 PMCID: PMC10216291 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
More than ten years after the approval of ipilimumab, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) against PD-1 and CTLA-4 have been established as the most effective treatment for locally advanced or metastatic melanoma, achieving durable responses either as monotherapies or in combinatorial regimens. However, a considerable proportion of patients do not respond or experience early relapse, due to multiple parameters that contribute to melanoma resistance. The expression of other immune checkpoints beyond the PD-1 and CTLA-4 molecules remains a major mechanism of immune evasion. The recent approval of anti-LAG-3 ICI, relatlimab, in combination with nivolumab for metastatic disease, has capitalized on the extensive research in the field and has highlighted the potential for further improvement of melanoma prognosis by synergistically blocking additional immune targets with new ICI-doublets, antibody-drug conjugates, or other novel modalities. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of presently published immune checkpoint molecules, including LAG-3, TIGIT, TIM-3, VISTA, IDO1/IDO2/TDO, CD27/CD70, CD39/73, HVEM/BTLA/CD160 and B7-H3. Beginning from their immunomodulatory properties as co-inhibitory or co-stimulatory receptors, we present all therapeutic modalities targeting these molecules that have been tested in melanoma treatment either in preclinical or clinical settings. Better understanding of the checkpoint-mediated crosstalk between melanoma and immune effector cells is essential for generating more effective strategies with augmented immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Helen Gogas
- First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (C.T.); (P.-P.L.); (D.F.); (I.-A.K.); (G.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bollu L, Bommi PV, Monsen PJ, Zhai L, Lauing KL, Bell A, Kim M, Ladomersky E, Yang X, Platanias LC, Matei DE, Bonini MG, Munshi HG, Hashizume R, Wu JD, Zhang B, James CD, Chen P, Kocherginsky M, Horbinski C, Cameron MD, Grigorescu AA, Yamini B, Lukas RV, Schiltz GE, Wainwright DA. Identification and Characterization of a Novel Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Protein Degrader for Glioblastoma. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15642-15662. [PMID: 36410047 PMCID: PMC9743093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a potent immunosuppressive enzyme that inhibits the antitumor immune response through both tryptophan metabolism and non-enzymatic functions. To date, most IDO1-targeted approaches have focused on inhibiting tryptophan metabolism. However, this class of drugs has failed to improve the overall survival of patients with cancer. Here, we developed and characterized proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) that degrade the IDO1 protein. IDO1-PROTACs were tested for their effects on IDO1 enzyme and non-enzyme activities. After screening a library of IDO1-PROTAC derivatives, a compound was identified that potently degraded the IDO1 protein through cereblon-mediated proteasomal degradation. The IDO1-PROTAC: (i) inhibited IDO1 enzyme activity and IDO1-mediated NF-κB phosphorylation in cultured human glioblastoma (GBM) cells, (ii) degraded the IDO1 protein within intracranial brain tumors in vivo, and (iii) mediated a survival benefit in mice with well-established brain tumors. This study identified and characterized a new IDO1 protein degrader with therapeutic potential for patients with glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi
R. Bollu
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Prashant V. Bommi
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Paige J. Monsen
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Lijie Zhai
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Kristen L. Lauing
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - April Bell
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Miri Kim
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Loyola University
Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United
States
| | - Erik Ladomersky
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Xinyu Yang
- WuXi
AppTec, Shanghai 200131, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leonidas C. Platanias
- Department
of Medicine—Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Robert
H.
Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Daniela E. Matei
- Robert
H.
Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Marcelo G. Bonini
- Department
of Medicine—Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Robert
H.
Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Hidayatullah G. Munshi
- Department
of Medicine—Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Robert
H.
Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Rintaro Hashizume
- Robert
H.
Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department
of Pediatrics − Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem
Cell Transplantation, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Jennifer D. Wu
- Robert
H.
Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department
of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg
School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department
of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department
of Medicine—Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department
of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Charles David James
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Peiwen Chen
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Masha Kocherginsky
- Robert
H.
Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Robert
H.
Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Michael D. Cameron
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The
Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Arabela A. Grigorescu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern
University Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Bakhtiar Yamini
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of the Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Rimas V. Lukas
- Robert
H.
Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department
of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg
School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Gary E. Schiltz
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Robert
H.
Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Derek A. Wainwright
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department
of Medicine—Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Robert
H.
Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department
of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern
University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Unbalanced IDO1/IDO2 Endothelial Expression and Skewed Keynurenine Pathway in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 and Post-COVID-19 Pneumonia. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061332. [PMID: 35740354 PMCID: PMC9220124 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite intense investigation, the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and the newly defined long COVID-19 syndrome are not fully understood. Increasing evidence has been provided of metabolic alterations characterizing this group of disorders, with particular relevance of an activated tryptophan/kynurenine pathway as described in this review. Recent histological studies have documented that, in COVID-19 patients, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzymes are differentially expressed in the pulmonary blood vessels, i.e., IDO1 prevails in early/mild pneumonia and in lung tissues from patients suffering from long COVID-19, whereas IDO2 is predominant in severe/fatal cases. We hypothesize that IDO1 is necessary for a correct control of the vascular tone of pulmonary vessels, and its deficiency in COVID-19 might be related to the syndrome’s evolution toward vascular dysfunction. The complexity of this scenario is discussed in light of possible therapeutic manipulations of the tryptophan/kynurenine pathway in COVID-19 and post-acute COVID-19 syndromes.
Collapse
|
8
|
Association of serum kynurenine/tryptophan ratio with poor glycemic control in patients with type2 diabetes. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:1521-1527. [PMID: 34900804 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00895-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been shown in insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. The present study aimed to measure serum IDO activity in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and to determine its association with glycemic control, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. Methods Seventy-four patients with T2DM and 74 healthy subjects were selected to participate in this study. Fasting serum biochemical parameters including fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c, insulin, uric acid, albumin, tryptophan, kynurenine, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured. HOMA-IR, QUICKI, and HOMA-B were calculated using serum FBS and insulin values. IDO activity was estimated using kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (KTR). Data were analyzed using SPSS software (Version 15) and p < 0.05 was considered as a significant difference. Results The findings showed higher levels of FBS, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, and KTR in the patients compared to the controls. TAC and HOMA-B were significantly lowered in the T2DM patients compared to controls. KTR was significantly correlated with the level of HbA1c, and T2DM patients with poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≤ 8) had significantly higher level of KTR. HOMA-B was significantly correlated with serum tryptophan and inversely correlated with HbA1c. Conclusion Serum KTR is increased in T2DM patients with poor glycemic control. Potential clinical implications and possible pathogenic roles of IDO in T2DM development should be further elucidated.
Collapse
|
9
|
Tang K, Wang B, Yu B, Liu HM. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitors and PROTAC-based degraders for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 227:113967. [PMID: 34752953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), a known immunosuppressive enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the oxidation of tryptophan (Trp) to kynurenine (Kyn), has received increasing attention as an attractive immunotherapeutic target for cancer therapy. Up to now, eleven small-molecule IDO1 inhibitors have entered clinical trials for the treatment of cancers. In addition, proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) based degraders also provide prospects for cancer therapy. Herein we present a comprehensive overview of the medicinal chemistry strategies and potential therapeutic applications of IDO1 inhibitors in nonclinical trials and IDO1-PROTAC degraders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Basran J, Booth ES, Campbell LP, Thackray SJ, Jesani MH, Clayden J, Moody PCE, Mowat CG, Kwon H, Raven EL. Binding of l-kynurenine to X. campestris tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 225:111604. [PMID: 34571402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway is the major route of tryptophan metabolism. The first step of this pathway is catalysed by one of two heme-dependent dioxygenase enzymes - tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) - leading initially to the formation of N-formylkynurenine (NFK). In this paper, we present a crystal structure of a bacterial TDO from X. campestris in complex with l-kynurenine, the hydrolysed product of NFK. l-kynurenine is bound at the active site in a similar location to the substrate (l-Trp). Hydrogen bonding interactions with Arg117 and the heme 7-propionate anchor the l-kynurenine molecule into the pocket. A mechanism for the hydrolysis of NFK in the active site is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaswir Basran
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Elizabeth S Booth
- Department of Chemistry, Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Laura P Campbell
- EastChem School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Sarah J Thackray
- EastChem School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Mehul H Jesani
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Peter C E Moody
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Christopher G Mowat
- EastChem School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Hanna Kwon
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Emma L Raven
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Selective and sensitive UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap MS method to quantify protein oxidation markers. Talanta 2021; 234:122700. [PMID: 34364496 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A targeted UHPLC-MS/MS isotopic dilution method has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of 18 different free and protein-bound aromatic amino acid oxidation products in food and biological matrices. All analytes, including critical isomeric pairs of Tyr, o-Tyr, m-Tyr, and dioxyindolylalanine diastereomers were chromatographically resolved to obtain high selectivity, without the need for derivatizing or ion pairing agents. The results of method validation showed adequate retention time reproducibility [0.1-0.6% coefficient of variation (CV) for over 224 injections], accuracy (within ±1-20% of the nominal concentration), and precision (1-17% CV) for all target analytes. The lower limit of quantification was calculated in different matrices using both the Hubaux-Vos approach and accuracy and precision data showing values in the range of 0.2-15 ng/mL. Use of stable isotope-labelled internal standards compensated errors due to matrix effects and artefactual degradation of analytes. Both acid and enzymatic hydrolyses were tested to obtain the best possible results for the quantification of protein oxidation products, demonstrating the stability of target analytes under hydrolytic conditions. The method was successfully applied to quantify target analytes in serum, tissue, milk, infant formula, pork liver pâté, chicken meat and fish. The method was also applied to assess the role of Fenton's reagent in oxidizing Trp, Phe and Tyr residues in different proteins, with results showing o-Tyr, dioxyindolylalanine diastereomers, kynurenine, dityrosine being the main oxidation products. The Fenton chemistry favored the formation of o-Tyr over m-Tyr from Phe with 2-36 folds higher yields. 3-Nitrotyrosine, a marker of protein nitration, was also detected in samples treated with Fenton's reagent.
Collapse
|
12
|
On-line screening of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 inhibitors by partial filling capillary electrophoresis combined with rapid polarity switching. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1651:462305. [PMID: 34147833 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) has been shown to play an important role in the immune escape process of tumors, and therefore is considered as a promising target for tumor immunotherapy. In this study, off-line and on-line capillary electrophoresis methods were developed for IDO1 inhibitors screening from natural product extracts. The optimized separation conditions of CE were achieved with 32 mM sodium tetraborate (pH 9.22) as background electrolyte, using a separation voltage of 21 kV. The off-line CE method was verified by the determination of enzymatic kinetic parameters and inhibitory mechanisms of two known inhibitors. A partial filling on-line CE method combined with rapid polarity switching was used for rapid screening of IDO1 inhibitors. The whole reaction and separation process was completed within 5 min. The on-line CE screening results showed that six of 18 natural products had inhibitory effect on IDO1, namely Carthamus tinctorius, Schisandra chinensis, Raisin, Coffee, Hawthorn and Radix angelicae sinensis. The results of on-line CE experiments were consistent with the off-line results, which proved the practicability and effectiveness of the method for inhibitors screening.
Collapse
|
13
|
Sadok I, Rachwał K, Jonik I, Staniszewska M. Reliable chromatographic assay for measuring of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) activity in human cancer cells. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:581-592. [PMID: 33541164 PMCID: PMC8759722 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1882451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway is the major tryptophan degradation routes generating bioactive compounds important in physiology and diseases. Depending on cell type it is initiated enzymatically by tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) or indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 and 2 (IDO1 and IDO2) to yield N-formylkynurenine as the precursor of further metabolites. Herein, we describe an accurate high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method to serve for IDO1 activity determination in human cancer cells cultured in vitro. Enzymatic activity was expressed as the rate of ʟ-kynurenine generation by 1 mg of proteins obtained from cancer cells. Our approach shows the limit of detection and limit of quantification at 12.9 and 43.0 nM Kyn, respectively. Applicability of this method was demonstrated in different cells (ovarian and breast cancer)exposed to various conditions and has successfully passed the validation process. This approach presents a useful model to study the role of kynurenine pathway in cancer biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Sadok
- Faculty of Science and Health, Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamila Rachwał
- Faculty of Science and Health, Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ilona Jonik
- Faculty of Science and Health, Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Staniszewska
- Faculty of Science and Health, Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|