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Kovács K, Takács J, Juhász I, Kovács K. Perceptions of parental involvement in youth handball players, the effects of sport participation stage and sports injury. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1412116. [PMID: 38887624 PMCID: PMC11180836 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1412116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Globally, from the age of 14, the dropout rate of young athletes is high in all sports games in Hungary. The reasons for dropping out are complex, however parental support is critical to succeed or continue, especially after failure or injury. The present study explored the main effects of sports injury and sport participation stage on parental involvement in sports. Methods 1,174 parents and 690 athletes completed our questionnaire, which contains questions on young players' sport participation, injury background and Parental Involvement in Sport Questionnaire. Results Parents' self-perceived level of involvement differed from the parental involvement perceived by their children. The significant predictors were the person who completed, the parent/athlete, the athlete's previous sports injury and the child's current stage of sport participation. In Directive Behavior, the main effect of stages is only seen in parents whose child has been injured. In the sample of injured athletes, the rate of perceived parental Praise and Understanding tends to be lower in the specializing stage. Discussion Our findings suggest that these two behaviors could be part of the same parenting style, which requires further investigation. The results expand the existing knowledge of the complexity of parents' involvement in children's sports careers. These findings have implications beyond parental psychoeducation impacting the work of coaches, sports physicians and rehabilitation experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Kovács
- Department of Psychology and Sport Psychology, Institute of Economic and Social Sciences, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Johanna Takács
- Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Katalin Kovács
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, Eötvös Lóránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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Ksinan AJ, Dalecká A, Kukla L, Pikhart H, Bobák M. Early-Life Temperamental Differences as Longitudinal Predictors of Unintentional Injuries. J Pediatr Psychol 2024; 49:35-44. [PMID: 37847645 PMCID: PMC10799721 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsad072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of hospitalization and death among children. Compared to environmental factors, less attention in injury preventive efforts has been paid to how individual characteristics relate to the risk of injury. Using a large prospective cohort, the current study assessed the longitudinal impact of early-life temperament on the cumulative number of injuries until mid-adolescence. METHODS The data came from the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC-CZ). Temperament was evaluated by mothers when children were 3 years old (N = 3,545). The main outcome was the pediatrician-reported sum of child's injuries from age 3 to 15 (seven timepoints). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to determine classes based on temperamental dimensions and then extended to a mixture model with a distal count outcome. The covariates included maternal conflict and attachment, sex, family structure, and maternal education. RESULTS The LPA determined the existence of three classes: shy children (8.1% of the sample; lowest activity/highest shyness), outgoing children (50.8%; highest activity/lowest shyness), and average: children (41.1%; middle values). Results from a mixture model showed that the outgoing temperament was associated with the highest longitudinal risk for injuries, as both average children (IRR = 0.89 [0.80, 0.99]), and the shy children (IRR = 0.80 [0.68, 0.95]) had lower risk. CONCLUSIONS Early childhood temperamental differences can have long-term effects on injury risk. Highly active children showed the highest risk for future injuries, suggesting that these characteristics make them more likely to be involved in novel and potentially dangerous situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J Ksinan
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Dalecká
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Kukla
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Pikhart
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, UK
| | - Martin Bobák
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, UK
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Zhang L, Liu J, Tang Y, Wang L. The impact of children's temperament on recurrent unintentional injuries: the role of paternal parenting styles as a mediator. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14128. [PMID: 36248711 PMCID: PMC9559059 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Unintentional injuries (UIs) pose a threat to the health of children all over the world and are a major global health problem. The recurrence of UIs are influenced by the host itself or environmental factors. Children's temperament and paternal parenting styles (PPS) are important potential factors for poor health outcomes, including recurrent unintentional injuries (recurrent UIs). Therefore, exploring the relationship among these variables may help reduce the likelihood of recurrent UIs in children. Purpose To elucidate the mediating effect of PPS in the relationship of children's temperament characteristics and recurrent UIs among children. Methods By multistage random cluster sampling method, a total of 2,850 pupils in grades four and five from 10 different schools were included. The survey included the characteristics of UIs in the past year, parenting styles, and children's temperament. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the possible mediating effect of PPS between children's temperament and recurrent UIs. Results In this study, the incidence rate of recurrent UIs was 3.8%. In temperament, children with recurrent UIs had higher mean scores than the non-recurrent UIs group (t = -3.40, -3.52, -3.45, respectively; p < 0.001) in the activity, predictability, persistence. Meanwhile, the scores of negative PPS (punishing, over-interference, rejection, and overprotection) were higher in the recurrent UIs group than in the non-recurrent UIs group (t = -5.78, -5.05, -5.56, and -3.29; p < 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, respectively). Using a stepwise binary logistic regression model, grade (OR = 0.23, 95% CI [0.12-0.41], p < 0.001), activity (OR = 1.61, 95% CI [1.14-2.26], p = 0.007) and over-interference (OR = 2.28, 95% CI [1.37-3.80], p = 0.002) had a significant independent relationship with recurrent UIs. The SEM results indicated that children's temperament was significantly related to negative PPS (β = 0.26, p < 0.001) and recurrent UIs (β = 0.11, p = 0.029). The results of the bootstrap test confirmed the significance of the mediating effect of PPS (β = 0.06, p < 0.001) between children's temperament and recurrent UIs. Conclusions These results suggest that negative PPS plays an important role in mediating children's temperament and recurrent UIs. It is essential to consider PPS when creating tailored intervention programs to reduce children's recurrent UIs.
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Morrongiello BA, Corbett M, Bryant, MA L, Cox, MA A. Sex Differences in the Relation Between Supervision and Injury Risk Across Motor Development Stages: Transitioning From Infancy Into Toddlerhood. J Pediatr Psychol 2022; 47:696-706. [DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Rationale
Addressing a notable gap in research on injuries during infancy, this longitudinal study examined sex differences in the relationship between parents’ typical levels of supervision and infants’ injuries across motor development stages.
Method
Parents were recruited and completed biweekly phone calls about their infant’s motor skills. Once the infant was able to sit up independently, then a home visit was scheduled. Applying a participant-event monitoring method, parents were taught to complete diary forms (injury, supervision), which they started doing once the child could move from their seated location on the floor in some way (e.g., roll, crawl). Recordings continued until a month after the child could walk independently. Data (injury, supervision) were averaged within each motor development stage (low, high), and associations across stages were examined.
Results
Model testing indicated that supervision level moderated the relation between injury rate across motor development stages, but the strength of this association varied by sex of the child. More intense supervision predicted lower injury rates for girls more so than for boys.
Conclusions
Although the emergence of motor milestones has been associated with increased risk of injury during infancy, the current findings indicate that greater supervision can reduce this risk. However, supervision alone is not as effective to moderate injury risk for boys as it is for girls. Thus, for boys, additional strategies (e.g., hazard removal) may also be warranted to maximize reduction in their risk of injury as they acquire increasing motor skills.
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O’Sullivan G, McGuire B, Roche M, Caes L. Exploring Parental Responses to Pre-schoolers' "Everyday" Pain Experiences Through Electronic Diary and Ecological Momentary Assessment Methodologies. Front Psychol 2021; 12:741963. [PMID: 34803823 PMCID: PMC8599282 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.741963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Parental influence during children's "everyday" pain events is under-explored, compared to clinical or experimental pains. We trialed two digital reporting methods for parents to record the real-world context surrounding their child's everyday pain events within the family home. Methods: Parents (N = 21) completed a structured e-diary for 14 days, reporting on one pain event experienced by their child (aged 2.5-6 years) each day, and describing child pain responses, parental supervision, parental estimates of pain severity and intensity, and parental catastrophizing, distress, and behavioral responses. During the same 2-week period, a subsample of parent-child pairs (N = 9) completed digital ecological momentary assessments (EMA), immediately after any chosen pain event. Children reported their current pain while parents estimated the child's pain and indicated their own distress. Results: "Everyday" pain events frequently featured minor injuries to the child's head, hands or knees, and child responses included crying and non-verbal comments (e.g., "Ouch!"). Pain events occurred less frequently when parents had been supervising their child, and supervising parents reported lower levels of worry and anxiety than non-supervising parents. Child sex was significantly associated with parental estimates of pain intensity, with parents of girls giving higher estimates than parents of boys. Child age was significantly associated with both the number of pain events and with parental estimates of pain intensity and child distress: the youngest children (2-3 years) experienced the fewest pain events but received higher pain and distress estimates from parents than older children. Hierarchal Linear Modeling revealed that parental estimates of pain severity were significant positive predictors of parental distress and catastrophizing in response to a specific pain event. Furthermore, higher levels of parental catastrophic thinking in response to a specific pain event resulted in increased distress, solicitousness, and coping-promoting behaviors in parents. The EMA data revealed that children reported significantly higher pain intensity than their parents. Conclusion: The electronic pain diary provided a key insight into the nature of "everyday" pain experiences around the family home. Digital daily reporting of how the family copes with "everyday" events represents a viable means to explore a child's everyday pains without disrupting their home environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace O’Sullivan
- Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Psychology, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Brian McGuire
- Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Psychology, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michelle Roche
- Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Galway Neuroscience Centre, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Line Caes
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
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Sartin EB, Long DL, McDonald CC, Stavrinos D, Clay OJ, Mirman JH. Evaluating disparities in child occupant protection using a proportion-eliminated approach to mediation. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2021; 22:252-255. [PMID: 33688773 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2021.1885652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While there are clear racial/ethnic disparities in child restraint system (CRS) use, to date no studies have identified mediators that quantitatively explain the relationship between race and CRS use. Therefore, the objective of this study was to provide an example of how a proportion-eliminated approach to mediation may be particularly useful in understanding the complex relationship between race and CRS use. METHODS Sixty-two mothers with a child between 4-8 years old completed a survey and had their CRS use assessed by a Child Passenger Safety Technician using a structured assessment based on the 2018 American Academy of Pediatrics' Best Practice guidelines. Recruitment and data collection occurred in Birmingham, Alabama between June 2018 and January 2019. We used chi-squared tests, logistic regressions, and a proportion-eliminated approach to mediation to compare our variables of interest and to estimate the amount of the association between racial group membership and errors in restraint use that may be explained by sociodemographic, psychosocial, and parenting variables. RESULTS Before mediation, Nonwhite mothers in this sample had a 7.38 greater odds of having an error in CRS use than White mothers. Mediation analyses indicated that being married and self-reported seatbelt use explained 47% and 35% of the effect of race on CRS use errors, respectively. CONCLUSION A proportion-eliminated approach to mediation may be particularly useful in child passenger safety research aiming to inform the development of interventions tailored for racial minority populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma B Sartin
- Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - D Leann Long
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Catherine C McDonald
- Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Despina Stavrinos
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Olivio J Clay
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jessica H Mirman
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Auger N, Low N, Lee GE, Ayoub A, Luu TM. Maternal stress and anxiety disorders and the longitudinal risk of fractures in children. Bone 2020; 130:115143. [PMID: 31706049 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal stress and anxiety are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, but the association with future childhood injuries is unclear, especially risk of orthopedic fractures. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal study of 773,339 newborns in Quebec, Canada between 2006 and 2018. We identified women with stress or anxiety disorders before or after delivery, and computed the incidence of future operative fractures in offspring. We estimated hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of maternal stress and anxiety disorders with the risk of pediatric fractures, adjusted for maternal and infant characteristics. RESULTS Incidence of any fracture was higher for maternal stress (20.5 per 10,000 person-years) and anxiety (19.8 per 10,000 person-years) than no disorder (15.3 per 10,000 person-years). Maternal stress was associated with 1.17 times the risk of pediatric fractures (95% CI 1.00-1.38), and anxiety was associated with 1.26 times the risk (95% CI 1.07-1.47), compared with no disorder. Stress was predominantly linked with fall-related fractures (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.06-1.50), and anxiety with assault-related fractures (HR 2.97, 95% CI 1.50-5.89). The association of stress with fall-related fractures was more prominent after 36 months of age, whereas anxiety was linked with assault-related fractures before 6 months. CONCLUSION Stress and anxiety disorders before or after delivery are associated with the future risk of fractures in children. Women with a history of stress or anxiety disorders may benefit from counselling and social support for child fracture prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Auger
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Nancy Low
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ga Eun Lee
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aimina Ayoub
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thuy Mai Luu
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Dunton GF, Ke W, Dzubur E, O’Connor SG, Lopez NV, Margolin G. Within-Subject Effects of Stress on Weight-Related Parenting Practices in Mothers: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study. Ann Behav Med 2019; 53:415-425. [PMID: 31222228 PMCID: PMC6438347 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kay053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress may compromise parenting practices related to children's dietary intake, physical activity, and sedentary behavior. PURPOSE The current study used Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) to examine microtemporal sequences underlying maternal stress and subsequent weight-related parenting practices. METHODS Mothers (n = 199) of children aged 8-12 years participated in two separate 7-day waves of EMA with up to eight randomly prompted surveys per day during children's nonschool time. EMA items assessed stress and weight-related parenting practices. RESULTS When mothers reported experiencing greater stress than usual, they subsequently engaged in less physical activity parenting (e.g., encouraging physical activity; p < .05) and more sedentary screen behavior parenting (e.g., limiting TV/video games; p < .05) over the next 2 hr. CONCLUSIONS Addressing within-day variations in maternal stress may be an important component of parent-focused child obesity prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern Caifornia, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Psychology, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California
| | - Wangjing Ke
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern Caifornia, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Eldin Dzubur
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern Caifornia, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sydney G O’Connor
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern Caifornia, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Nanette V Lopez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern Caifornia, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Gayla Margolin
- Department of Psychology, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California
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Hope S, Deighton J, Micali N, Law C. Maternal mental health and childhood injury: evidence from the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Arch Dis Child 2019; 104:268-274. [PMID: 30104390 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2017-313809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed whether maternal mental health problems increased rates for child injury during the preschool years and mid-childhood, and the extent to which associations could be accounted for by a range of potential explanatory factors. DESIGN We analysed the UK Millennium Cohort Study, a nationally representative sample with data collected throughout childhood. Multinomial regression was used to investigate whether two measures of maternal mental health (diagnosed depression/anxiety and psychological distress) were associated with subsequent childhood injury. Models adjusted for sociodemographics, parenting and child externalising behaviours. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Maternal report of unintentional injuries (none, 1, 2+) recorded at three data collection periods (3-5 years; 5-7 years; 7-11 years). RESULTS The analytic sample comprised n=9240 families who participated 3-11 years with complete data on exposures and outcomes (multiply imputing missing covariates). Exposure to maternal mental health problems was associated with increased rates of subsequent childhood injuries. Associations attenuated after adjustment for potential explanatory factors, although they remained elevated. For example, high maternal distress was associated with injuries 3-5 years (adjusted relative risk ratio (aRRR): 1 injury=1.18, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.61; 2+ injuries=2.22, 95% CI 1.22 to 4.02); injuries 5-7 years (aRRR: 1 injury=1.31, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.76; 2+ injuries=1.84, 95% CI 1.09 to 3.09); and injuries 7-11 years (aRRR: 1 injury=1.03, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.31; 2+ injuries=1.33, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.81). CONCLUSIONS Children exposed to mothers with mental health problems had higher rates of childhood injury than those not exposed. If further investigation of this association suggests causality then it will be important to test measures that address mothers' mental health issues with a view to reducing injuries among their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Hope
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Jessica Deighton
- UCL and Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
| | - Nadia Micali
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Catherine Law
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Using Community Detection Analysis to Elucidate Caregivers’ Mental Models of Pediatric Concussion Symptoms. SAFETY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/safety4030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to a culture of resistance around concussion reporting, novel methods are needed to reveal implicit beliefs that could affect symptom reporting. The goal of this study was to elucidate caregivers’ mental models of pediatric concussion symptoms using an exploratory community detection analysis (CDA). Caregivers (n = 76) of adolescents 10–15 years old participated in a survey that assessed their intentions of seeking medical treatment for 12 injury symptoms following their child’s involvement in three hypothetical injury scenarios. We used a series of analyses of variance (ANOVAs) to compare injury symptoms across these scenarios and CDA to determine if caregivers implicitly group symptoms together. We then used logistic regressions to further explore associations between the CDA-identified symptom indices and known factors of injury risk. There were no differences in the likelihood to seek treatment for symptoms across injury scenarios; however, the CDA revealed distinct symptom clusters that were characterized by the degree of risk for non-treatment and symptom type. We observed associations between injury risk factors and intentions of seeking medical treatment for the higher-risk indices. Results indicate that caregivers’ mental models of concussion symptoms are nuanced, not monolithic. Therefore, it is inaccurate to measure intentions to seek treatment for concussion without taking these nuances into consideration.
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Abstract
Objectives Injuries are the leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality in the United States. Interaction between child, parent and environmental factors may contribute to injuries. This study investigates the association between coping with parenthood and injuries in children age 0-5 years. Methods In this cross-sectional observational study, we analyzed data from the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health, a random-digit-dialing, nationally-representative telephone survey. Information was obtained from a caregiver about children 5 years of age or younger. Parental coping with the demands of parenthood was categorized into three groups-"very well", "somewhat well" and "not very well" or "not very well at all". Injury was defined as caregiver report of any injury within the previous 12 months that required medical attention. Results This study included 27,471 surveys about children 5 years of age or younger. With weighted analysis, 10.4 % of children were reported to have an injury; 31.1 % of caregivers reported coping with parenthood "somewhat well" and 1.7 % reported coping "not very well"/"not very well at all". The adjusted odds ratio of sustaining an injury was 1.26 (95 % CI 1.00, 1.59) for children of parents who reported coping somewhat well with the demands of parenthood compared to those with parents coping very well. Conclusions Parental report of coping with parenthood less than very well was associated with injury in children ages 0-5 years, further highlighting the importance of the interaction between parent factors and childhood injury.
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Chen R, Regodón Wallin A, Sjölander A, Valdimarsdóttir U, Ye W, Tiemeier H, Fall K, Almqvist C, Czene K, Fang F. Childhood injury after a parental cancer diagnosis. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26519735 PMCID: PMC4749389 DOI: 10.7554/elife.08500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A parental cancer diagnosis is psychologically straining for the whole family. We investigated whether a parental cancer diagnosis is associated with a higher-than-expected risk of injury among children by using a Swedish nationwide register-based cohort study. Compared to children without parental cancer, children with parental cancer had a higher rate of hospital contact for injury during the first year after parental cancer diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.22-1.33), especially when the parent had a comorbid psychiatric disorder after cancer diagnosis (HR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.08-1.85). The rate increment declined during the second and third year after parental cancer diagnosis (HR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.07-1.14) and became null afterwards (HR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.99-1.03). Children with parental cancer also had a higher rate of repeated injuries than the other children (HR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.12-1.15). Given the high rate of injury among children in the general population, our findings may have important public health implications. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08500.001 A diagnosis of cancer can be devastating for both a person and his or her family. Over the past 40 years, the number of individuals in Sweden diagnosed with cancer has more than doubled leaving growing numbers of families coping with the aftermath. Many individuals diagnosed with cancer have young children. Parents with cancer and their spouses often struggle to cope with disease and the demands of parenting simultaneously. In fact, previous research has shown children with a parent who has cancer have a greater risk of behavioral problems or distress than children with two healthy parents. Whether the stress of having a parent with cancer also affects the children’s physical wellbeing hasn’t been studied much. One concern in particular is whether these children may be at increased risk of injury. Injuries are the most common reason for a child to visit a hospital and in some cases lead to deaths. Children who are not well supervised or whose parents have poor mental health are at increased risk of injury. Coping with cancer and the mental anguish it causes may distract parents and possibly place their children at increased risk of injury. Based on data from nationwide population and health registers in Sweden, Chen, Regodón Wallin et al. now provide evidence that a child with a parent who has cancer is at a greater risk of injury than a child with two parents who are free of cancer. The analysis also revealed that the risk is particularly great if the parent with cancer also develops mental illness after the cancer diagnosis. The risk of injury is greatest in the first year after the parent’s diagnosis. Fortunately, the elevated risk of injury decreases overtime and is almost non-existing after the third year. The analyses suggest that providing extra support for parents with cancer might help to reduce the risk of injury in their children. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08500.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqing Chen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amanda Regodón Wallin
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arvid Sjölander
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Unnur Valdimarsdóttir
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Fall
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Catarina Almqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Lung and Allergy Unit, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Acar E, Dursun OB, Esin İS, Öğütlü H, Özcan H, Mutlu M. Unintentional Injuries in Preschool Age Children: Is There a Correlation With Parenting Style and Parental Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Symptoms. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1378. [PMID: 26266395 PMCID: PMC4616671 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death among children. Previous research has shown that most of the injuries occur in and around the home. Therefore, parents have a key role in the occurrence and prevention of injuries. In this study, we examined the relationship among home injuries to children and parental attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, parental attitudes, and children's behavioral problems.Forty children who were admitted to the emergency department because of home injuries constitute the study group. The control group also consisted of 40 children, who were admitted for mild throat infections. The parents filled out questionnaires assessing parental ADHD, child behavioral problems, and parenting attitudes.Scores were significantly higher for both internalizing disorders and externalizing disorders in study groups. We also found that ADHD symptoms were significantly higher among fathers of injured children compared with fathers of control groups. Democratic parenting was also found to correlate with higher numbers of injuries.Parenting style, as well as the psychopathology of both the parents and children, is important factors in children's injuries. A child psychiatrist visit following an emergency procedure may help to prevent further unintentional injuries to the child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethem Acar
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (EA), Faculty of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (OBD, İSE, HÖ), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ataturk, Erzurum; Department of Psychiatry (HÖ), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ataturk, Erzurum; and Clinics of Psychiatry (MM), Sinop State Hospital, Sinop, Turkey
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14
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What is the Relationship between Risky Outdoor Play and Health in Children? A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:6423-54. [PMID: 26062038 PMCID: PMC4483710 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120606423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Risky outdoor play has been associated with promoting children’s health and development, but also with injury and death. Risky outdoor play has diminished over time, concurrent with increasing concerns regarding child safety and emphasis on injury prevention. We sought to conduct a systematic review to examine the relationship between risky outdoor play and health in children, in order to inform the debate regarding its benefits and harms. We identified and evaluated 21 relevant papers for quality using the GRADE framework. Included articles addressed the effect on health indicators and behaviours from three types of risky play, as well as risky play supportive environments. The systematic review revealed overall positive effects of risky outdoor play on a variety of health indicators and behaviours, most commonly physical activity, but also social health and behaviours, injuries, and aggression. The review indicated the need for additional “good quality” studies; however, we note that even in the face of the generally exclusionary systematic review process, our findings support the promotion of risky outdoor play for healthy child development. These positive results with the marked reduction in risky outdoor play opportunities in recent generations indicate the need to encourage action to support children’s risky outdoor play opportunities. Policy and practice precedents and recommendations for action are discussed.
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Abstract
This work aimed to study the relationship between psychological-behavioral characteristics and fractures in children to provide a basis for development of preventive strategies. The study included 84 children hospitalized for fractures (fracture group) and 78 children without fractures (control group). The following questionnaires were utilized: temperament questionnaire, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). There were more children with problem behaviors in the fracture group than in the control group (P<0.01). Furthermore, level of activity and attention dispersion showed a significant relationship with fractures (P<0.05). Scores for the psychoticism, extroversion, and neuroticism subscales of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire were higher for the fracture group than the control group (P<0.05 or <0.01). For the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist, the average score for boys and/or girls was higher in the fracture group than the control group in 4-5-year and/or 6-11-year olds. In addition, in 6-11-year olds, boys in the fracture group had higher scores for restlessness, aggression, and violation of discipline and girls in the fracture group had higher scores for aggression and depression than those in the control group (P<0.05). Children with fractures had more psychological and behavioral problems. Psychological intervention measures could be adopted to reduce the occurrence of fractures in children.
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Schwebel DC, Roth DL, Elliott MN, Chien AT, Mrug S, Shipp E, Dittus P, Zlomke K, Schuster MA. Marital conflict and fifth-graders' risk for injury. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2012; 47:30-35. [PMID: 22405236 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injuries are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for American children. Marital conflict has been associated with a range of negative health outcomes, but little is known about how marital conflict may influence risk of injury among children. We hypothesized marital conflict would be related to increased youth injury risk after controlling for relevant demographic and parenting covariates. METHODS A community sample of 3218 fifth-graders recruited from three US locales was utilized. Ordinal logistic regression models were used to predict the frequency of unintentional injuries from marital conflict while adjusting for demographics, parenting factors (nurturance, communication, involvement with youth), and family cohesion. RESULTS Higher levels of marital conflict were associated with higher rates of injury that required professional medical attention (OR=1.20, 95% CI 1.06, 1.35 per standard deviation). The same association held after inclusion of all covariates in a multivariate ordinal logistic regression model. CONCLUSIONS Parental marital conflict is associated with higher rates of injuries requiring professional medical attention in preadolescent children.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Schwebel
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
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