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Madsen MTB, Landberg R, Nielsen DS, Zhang Y, Anneberg OMR, Lauritzen L, Damsgaard CT. Effects of Wholegrain Compared to Refined Grain Intake on Cardiometabolic Risk Markers, Gut Microbiota, and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Children: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:18-28. [PMID: 37898434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wholegrain intake is associated with lower risk of cardiometabolic diseases in adults, potentially via changes in the gut microbiota. Although cardiometabolic prevention should start early, we lack evidence on the effects in children. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effects of wholegrain oats and rye intake on serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and plasma insulin (coprimary outcomes), other cardiometabolic markers, body composition, gut microbiota composition and metabolites, and gastrointestinal symptoms in children with high body mass index (BMI). METHODS In a randomized crossover trial, 55 healthy Danish 8- to 13-y-olds received wholegrain oats and rye ("WG") or refined grain ("RG") products ad libitum for 8 wk in random order. At 0, 8, and 16 wk, we measured anthropometry, body composition by dual-energy absorptiometry, and blood pressure. Fasting blood and fecal samples were collected for analysis of blood lipids, glucose homeostasis markers, gut microbiota, and short-chain fatty acids. Gut symptoms and stool characteristics were determined by questionnaires. Diet was assessed by 4-d dietary records and compliance by plasma alkylresorcinols (ARs). RESULTS Fifty-two children (95%) with a BMI z-score of 1.5 ± 0.6 (mean ± standard deviation) completed the study. They consumed 108 ± 38 and 3 ± 2 g/d wholegrain in the WG and RG period, which was verified by a profound difference in ARs (P < 0.001). Compared with RG, WG reduced LDL cholesterol by 0.14 (95% confidence interval: -0.24, -0.04) mmol/L (P = 0.009) and reduced total:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.001) and triacylglycerol (P = 0.048) without altering body composition or other cardiometabolic markers. WG also modulated the abundance of specific bacterial taxa, increased plasma acetate, propionate, and butyrate and fecal butyrate and reduced fatigue with no other effects on gut symptoms. CONCLUSION High intake of wholegrain oats and rye reduced LDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol, modulated bacterial taxa, and increased beneficial metabolites in children. This supports recommendations of exchanging refined grain with wholegrain oats and rye among children. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04430465.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Terese Barlebo Madsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Life Sciences, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Dennis Sandris Nielsen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Yichang Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Camilla Trab Damsgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Wadell AT, Bärebring L, Hulander E, Gjertsson I, Landberg R, Lindqvist H, Winkvist A. Dietary biomarkers and food records indicate compliance to study diets in the ADIRA (Anti-inflammatory Diet In Rheumatoid Arthritis) trial. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1209787. [PMID: 37426179 PMCID: PMC10325030 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1209787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the ADIRA (Anti-inflammatory Diet In Rheumatoid arthritis) trial, compliance to the study diets has previously been described primarily with a score based on reported intake of trial foods from telephone interviews. The aim of this study was to evaluate compliance using objective dietary biomarkers for whole grain, fruit and vegetables, margarine and oil, seafood and overall fat quality, as well as reported intake from food records of key components of the study diets. Methods Fifty patients with rheumatoid arthritis were randomized to begin with the intervention diet (rich in whole grain, fruit and vegetables, margarine/oil and seafood) or the control diet (rich in meat and high-fat dairy) for 10 weeks, followed by a ~ 4 months wash-out period, and then switched diet. Compliance was evaluated using plasma alkylresorcinols (AR) as biomarkers for intake of whole grain wheat and rye, serum carotenoids for fruit and vegetables, plasma linoleic acid (LA, 18:2 n-6) and -α-linolenic acid (18:3, n-3) for margarine and cooking oil, plasma eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3), -docosahexaenoic acid (DHA 22:6, n-3) and -docosapentaenoic acid (22:5 n-3) for seafood, and plasma fatty acid pattern for the overall dietary fat quality. Reported intake of whole grain, fruit, berries and vegetables, seafood, red meat, and fat quality was extracted from 3-d food records. Results Plasma AR C21:0 and C23:0, LA, EPA, and DHA were higher while total serum carotenoids were lower after the intervention diet period compared to the control diet period (AR and carotenoids: p = <0.05, fatty acids: p = <0.001). Reported intake of whole grain, fruit, berries and vegetables, and seafood was higher and reported intake of red meat was lower during the intervention diet period compared to the control diet period (p = <0.001). Plasma- and reported fatty acid pattern differed as intended between the diet periods. Conclusion This study indicates that the participants in the ADIRA trial were compliant to the study diets regarding intake of whole grain, cooking fat, seafood, and red meat, and the intended overall dietary fat quality. Compliance to instructions on fruit- and vegetable intake remains uncertain. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02941055?term=NCT02941055&draw=2&rank=1, NCT02941055.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Turesson Wadell
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linnea Bärebring
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Hulander
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Nutrition Unit, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inger Gjertsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helen Lindqvist
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Winkvist
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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The Effects of High Fiber Rye, Compared to Refined Wheat, on Gut Microbiota Composition, Plasma Short Chain Fatty Acids, and Implications for Weight Loss and Metabolic Risk Factors (the RyeWeight Study). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081669. [PMID: 35458231 PMCID: PMC9032876 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of whole grain and cereal fiber have been inversely associated with body weight and obesity measures in observational studies but data from large, long-term randomized interventions are scarce. Among the cereals, rye has the highest fiber content and high rye consumption has been linked to increased production of gut fermentation products, as well as reduced risks of obesity and metabolic disease. The effects on body weight and metabolic risk factors may partly be mediated through gut microbiota and/or their fermentation products. We used data from a randomized controlled weight loss trial where participants were randomized to a hypocaloric diet rich in either high fiber rye foods or refined wheat foods for 12 weeks to investigate the effects of the intervention on gut microbiota composition and plasma short chain fatty acids, as well as the potential association with weight loss and metabolic risk markers. Rye, compared to wheat, induced some changes in gut microbiota composition, including increased abundance of the butyrate producing Agathobacter and reduced abundance of [Ruminococcus] torques group, which may be related to reductions in low grade inflammation caused by the intervention. Plasma butyrate increased in the rye group. In conclusion, intervention with high fiber rye foods induced some changes in gut microbiota composition and plasma short chain fatty acid concentration, which were associated with improvements in metabolic risk markers as a result of the intervention.
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A hypocaloric diet rich in high fiber rye foods causes greater reduction in body weight and body fat than a diet rich in refined wheat: A parallel randomized controlled trial in adults with overweight and obesity (the RyeWeight study). Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 45:155-169. [PMID: 34620312 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM A high intake of whole grain foods is inversely associated with body mass index (BMI) and body fat in observational studies, but mixed results have been found in interventional studies. Among whole grains, rye is the richest source of dietary fiber and meals containing high-fiber rye foods have shown increased satiety up to 8 h, compared to meals containing refined wheat products. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of consuming high fiber rye products, compared to refined wheat products, on body weight and body fat loss in the context of an energy restricted diet. METHODS After a 2-week run-in period, 242 males and females with overweight or obesity (BMI 27-35 kg/m2), aged 30-70 years, were randomized (1:1) to consume high fiber rye products or refined wheat products for 12 weeks, while adhering to a hypocaloric diet. At week 0, week 6 and week 12 body weight and body composition (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry) was measured and fasting blood samples were collected. Subjective appetite was evaluated for 14 h at week 0, 6 and 12. RESULTS After 12 weeks the participants in the rye group had lost 1.08 kg body weight and 0.54% body fat more than the wheat group (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.36; 1.80, p < 0.01 and 0.05; 1.03, p = 0.03, respectively). C-reactive protein was 28% lower in the rye vs wheat group after 12 weeks of intervention (CI: 7; 53, p < 0.01). There were no consistent group differences on subjective appetite or on other cardiometabolic risk markers. CONCLUSION Consumption of high fiber rye products as part of a hypocaloric diet for 12 weeks caused a greater weight loss and body fat loss, as well as reduction in C-reactive protein, compared to refined wheat. The difference in weight loss could not be linked to differences in appetite response. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION www.clinicaltrials.gov, Identifier: NCT03097237.
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Zhong T, Guo Q, Zhu X, Liu R, Huang S. Based on Gold Nanoparticles-L-Tyr-Amino Functionalized Mesoporous Materials-Polyphenol Oxidase Modified Biosensor for the Detection of Resorcinol. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:817-823. [PMID: 33012757 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20p288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, resorcinol (RC) has been widely applied in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. However, the electrochemical detection technique of RC still features some significant drawbacks, for instance, a low sensitivity. Hence, in the present work, a glass carbon electrode was developed for the electrochemical detection of RC with good specificity and stability, through modifying the glass carbon electrode (GCE) by polyphenol oxidase (PPO), an NH2-SBA-15 mesoporous material (NH2-SBA-15), L-tyrosine (L-Tyr) and gold nano-particles (AuNPs). After being successively modified by AuNPs, L-Tyr, NH2-SBA-15 and PPO, the constructed PPO/NH2-SBA-15/L-Tyr/AuNPs/GCE was used to discriminate RC from ions and other common micromolecules, which showed a fairly good specificity and stability. The proposed electrochemical detection method features a linear range of from 0.5 to 21.0 μM with a LOD down to 0.15 μM, revealing a better sensitivity than the existing methods. It is worth mentioning that the proposed PPO/NH2-SBA-15/L-Tyr/AuNPs/GCE has been successfully used as an electrochemical probe for the RC assay in domestic sewage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongsheng Zhong
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan City University
| | - Qianqiong Guo
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Shanghai Normal University
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan City University
| | - Rong Liu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan City University
| | - Shasheng Huang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Shanghai Normal University
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Tryggvadottir EA, Halldorsson TI, Landberg R, Hrolfsdottir L, Birgisdottir BE, Magnusdottir OK, Hreidarsdottir IT, Hardardottir H, Gunnarsdottir I. Higher Alkylresorcinol Concentrations, a Consequence of Whole-Grain Intake, are Inversely Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Iceland. J Nutr 2021; 151:1159-1166. [PMID: 33693761 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A diet rich in whole grains may provide benefits for pregnant women due to whole grains' high nutritional value and dietary fiber content. OBJECTIVES To study the associations of whole-grain consumption, as well as the plasma alkylresorcinol concentration, a whole-grain consumption biomarker, in early pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnoses. METHODS Subjects were women from the prospective study Pregnant Women in Iceland II (PREWICE II; n = 853) who attended their ultrasound appointment in gestational weeks 11-14 during the period from October 2017 to March 2018. During that visit, whole-grain consumption was estimated using a diet screening questionnaire, and blood samples were collected for analysis of plasma alkylresorcinols (ARs). Information on GDM diagnoses was later extracted from medical records. Multivariate log-binomial regression was used to evaluate the association of dietary whole-grain and AR concentrations with GDM. RESULTS In total, 14.9% of the women adhered to the national food-based dietary guidelines (n = 127), which recommend 2 portions of whole grains daily. GDM was diagnosed in 127 women (14.9%). The frequency of whole-grain consumption was lower in women who were later diagnosed with GDM compared to the women without GDM (median, 5 times/week vs. 6 times/week, respectively; P = 0.02). This difference was reflected in the lower median concentration of total AR in women diagnosed with GDM (163 nmol/L vs. 209 nmol/L, respectively; P < 0.01). The quartile with the highest concentrations of AR had a RR of 0.50 (95% CI: 0.27-0.90) of being diagnosed with GDM, in comparison to the lowest quartile. There was a significant dose response in the GDM risk with higher AR levels. CONCLUSIONS We found that a higher consumption of whole grains, reflected both by reported consumption according to the FFQ and AR biomarkers, was associated with a decreased risk of receiving a GDM diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen A Tryggvadottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali University Hospital and Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thorhallur I Halldorsson
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali University Hospital and Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Centre for Fetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Laufey Hrolfsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali University Hospital and Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Institution of Health Science Research, University of Akureyri and Akureyri Hospital, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Bryndis E Birgisdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali University Hospital and Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ola K Magnusdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali University Hospital and Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Hildur Hardardottir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland Reykjavík, Reykjavík, Iceland.,Livio Reykjavík, Reproductive Center in Reykjavík, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Ingibjorg Gunnarsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali University Hospital and Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Donin AS, Nightingale CM, Perkin MR, Ussher M, Jebb SA, Landberg R, Welsh P, Sattar N, Adab P, Owen CG, Rudnicka AR, Cook DG, Whincup PH. Evaluating an Intervention to Increase Cereal Fiber Intake in Children: A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial. J Nutr 2020; 151:379-386. [PMID: 33296467 PMCID: PMC7849987 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have shown that higher cereal fiber intake is associated with reduced type 2 diabetes risk. However, it remains uncertain whether this association is causal. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the feasibility of an intervention to increase cereal fiber intake in children using breakfast cereals. METHODS The study was a 2-arm parallel group randomized controlled trial in 9-10-y-old children, who received free supplies of high-fiber breakfast cereals (>3.5 g/portion) or low-fiber breakfast cereals (<1.0 g/portion) to eat daily for 1 mo with behavioral support to promote adherence. Children provided baseline and 1-mo fasting blood samples, physical measurements, and 24-h dietary recalls. The primary outcome was the group difference in change in plasma total alkylresorcinol (AR) concentration; secondary outcomes were group differences in nutrient intakes and adiposity indices. Analyses (complete case and multiple imputation) were conducted by regressing the final AR concentration on baseline AR in models adjusted for sex, ethnicity, age, and school (random effect). RESULTS Two-hundred seventy-two children were randomly assigned (137 receiving a low-fiber and 135 a high-fiber diet) and 193 (71%) provided fasting blood samples at baseline and follow-up. Among randomized participants, median (IQR) of baseline AR was 43.1 (24.6-85.5) nmol/L and of cereal fiber intake was 4.5 (2.7-6.4) g; 87% of participants reported consuming the cereal on most or all days. Compared with changes in the low-fiber group, the high-fiber group had greater increases in AR (40.7 nmol/L; 95% CI: 21.7, 59.8 nmol/L, P < 0.0001) and in reported cereal fiber intake (2.9g/d; 95% CI: 2.0, 3.7 g; P < 0.0001). There were no appreciable differences in other secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a simple and acceptable nutritional intervention that increases markers of daily cereal fiber intake in children. This intervention could be used to test whether increases in cereal fiber intake in children might reduce insulin resistance. This trial was registered at www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN33260236.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire M Nightingale
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Perkin
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Ussher
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom,Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan A Jebb
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paul Welsh
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Peymane Adab
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chris G Owen
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alicja R Rudnicka
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Derek G Cook
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter H Whincup
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Rodríguez-Morató J, Jayawardene S, Huang NK, Dolnikowski GG, Galluccio J, Lichtenstein AH, Matthan NR. Simplified method for the measurement of plasma alkylresorcinols: Biomarkers of whole-grain intake. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8805. [PMID: 32297383 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Consumption of whole grains is negatively associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk but quantification of whole-grain intake is challenging. Alkylresorcinols (ARs) are biomarkers of whole-grain intake. Current methods for AR quantification involve a time-consuming multi-step separation process that hampers applicability in large-scale studies. METHODS We developed a streamlined method to quantify ARs in human plasma based on protein precipitation and direct injection into an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatograph coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer operating in atmospheric pressure chemical ionization negative ion mode. RESULTS Separation of five major ARs was achieved, with linearity in the 5 to 550 nmol/L range and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 nmol/L and quantification (LOQ) of 5 nmol/L. The within-run and between-run precision and accuracy were below 15%, and recoveries above 90%. Once validated, the method was applied to measure concentrations of plasma ARs in subjects who participated in a randomized, crossover trial evaluating the effect of carbohydrate type on CVD risk factors. The unrefined carbohydrate diet with the highest fiber content resulted in the highest plasma AR concentration (93 ± 78 nmol/L), and was significantly different (p <0.01) from lower fiber diets (18 ± 26 nmol/L and 19 ± 26 nmol/L, simple and unrefined carbohydrate, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This method offers a simplified approach to measure concentrations of plasma ARs as an objective biomarker of whole-grain intake that can be applied to large-scale cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Rodríguez-Morató
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarah Jayawardene
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Neil K Huang
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Gregory G Dolnikowski
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Jean Galluccio
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
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Eriksen AK, Brunius C, Mazidi M, Hellström PM, Risérus U, Iversen KN, Fristedt R, Sun L, Huang Y, Nørskov NP, Knudsen KEB, Kyrø C, Olsen A, Tjønneland A, Dicksved J, Landberg R. Effects of whole-grain wheat, rye, and lignan supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in men with metabolic syndrome: a randomized crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:864-876. [PMID: 32097450 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A whole-grain (WG)-rich diet has shown to have potential for both prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is a cluster of risk factors that increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Different WGs may have different health effects. WG rye, in particular, may improve glucose homeostasis and blood lipids, possibly mediated through fermentable dietary fiber and lignans. Recent studies have also suggested a crucial role of the gut microbiota in response to WG. OBJECTIVES The aim was to investigate WG rye, alone and with lignan supplements [secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG)], and WG wheat diets on glucose tolerance [oral-glucose-tolerance test (OGTT)], other cardiometabolic outcomes, enterolignans, and microbiota composition. Moreover, we exploratively evaluated the role of gut microbiota enterotypes in response to intervention diets. METHODS Forty men with MetS risk profile were randomly assigned to WG diets in an 8-wk crossover study. The rye diet was supplemented with 280 mg SDG at weeks 4-8. Effects of treatment were evaluated by mixed-effects modeling, and effects on microbiota composition and the role of gut microbiota as a predictor of response to treatment were analyzed by random forest plots. RESULTS The WG rye diet (± SDG supplements) did not affect the OGTT compared with WG wheat. Total and LDL cholesterol were lowered (-0.06 and -0.09 mmol/L, respectively; P < 0.05) after WG rye compared with WG wheat after 4 wk but not after 8 wk. WG rye resulted in higher abundance of Bifidobacterium [fold-change (FC) = 2.58, P < 0.001] compared with baseline and lower abundance of Clostridium genus compared with WG wheat (FC = 0.54, P = 0.02). The explorative analyses suggest that baseline enterotype is associated with total and LDL-cholesterol response to diet. CONCLUSIONS WG rye, alone or with SDG supplementation, compared with WG wheat did not affect glucose metabolism but caused transient LDL-cholesterol reduction. The effect of WG diets appeared to differ according to enterotype. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02987595.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Eriksen
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,Unit of Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carl Brunius
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per M Hellström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kia N Iversen
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rikard Fristedt
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | | | | | - Cecilie Kyrø
- Unit of Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Olsen
- Unit of Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Unit of Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Dicksved
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Choung RS, Khaleghi S, Cartee AK, Marietta EV, Larson JJ, King KS, Savolainen O, Ross AB, Rajkumar SV, Camilleri MJ, Rubio-Tapia A, Murray JA. Community-Based Study of Celiac Disease Autoimmunity Progression in Adults. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:151-159.e3. [PMID: 31560892 PMCID: PMC7065356 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Celiac disease can develop at any age, but outcomes of adults with positive results from serologic tests for tissue transglutaminase antibodies (tTGA) without endoscopic determination of celiac disease (called celiac autoimmunity) have not been thoroughly evaluated. We investigated the proportion of adults with celiac autoimmunity at a community medical center and their progression to celiac disease. METHODS We analyzed waste blood samples from a community clinic from 15,551 adults for tTGA and, if titer results were above 2 U/mL, for endomysial antibody. The blood samples had been collected at 2 time points (median interval, 8.8 years) from 2006 through 2017. We collected data from the clinic on diagnoses of celiac disease based on duodenal biopsy analysis. RESULTS Of the serum samples collected at the first time point, 15,398 had negative results for tTGA, and 153 had positive results for tTGA (>4 U/mL). Based on medical records, 6 individuals received a diagnosis of celiac disease, for a cumulative incidence of celiac disease diagnosis of 0.06% (95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.11). Forty-nine (0.32%) individuals with a negative result from the first serologic test for tTGA had a positive result from the second test. Among the 153 adults who were tTGA positive at the first time point, 31 (20%) had a subsequent diagnosis of celiac disease, 81 (53%) remained positive for tTGA without a clinical diagnosis of celiac disease, and 41 (27%) had negative test results for tTGA at the second time point. Higher initial tTGA titers, female sex, and a history of hypothyroidism and autoimmune disease were associated with increased risks of subsequent diagnosis of celiac disease. Interestingly, adults whose first blood sample had a positive test result but second blood sample had a negative result for tTGA were older, had lower-than-average initial tTGA titer results, and had a higher mean body mass index than adults whose blood samples were positive for tTGA at both time points and adults later diagnosed with celiac disease. CONCLUSIONS In an analysis of serum samples collected from a community clinic an average of 8.8 years apart, we found that fewer than 1% of adults with negative results from an initial test for tTGA have a positive result on a second test. Of adults with positive results from the test for tTGA, only 20% are later diagnosed with celiac disease; the remaining individuals maintain persistent increases in tTGA without diagnoses of celiac disease or have negative results from second tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rok Seon Choung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Shahryar Khaleghi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Amanda K Cartee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Eric V Marietta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Joseph J Larson
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Katherine S King
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Otto Savolainen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alastair B Ross
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; Proteins and Metabolites Team, AgResearch, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - S Vincent Rajkumar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michael J Camilleri
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Alberto Rubio-Tapia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Joseph A Murray
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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11
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Malin SK, Kullman EL, Scelsi AR, Godin JP, Ross AB, Kirwan JP. A Whole-Grain Diet Increases Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion Independent of Gut Hormones in Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1800967. [PMID: 30763457 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effect of whole-grain (WG) versus refined-grain (RG) diets on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and β-cell function is unclear. METHODS In a double-blind crossover randomized controlled trial, 13 prediabetic adults (37.2 ± 1.8 y, BMI: 33.6 ± 1.4 kg m-2 , 2 h glucose: 146.9 ± 11.6 mg dL-1 ) are provided isocaloric-matched WG and RG diets for 8-weeks each, with an 8-10 week washout between diets. Glucose, insulin, and C-peptide are studied over 240 min following a 75 g OGTT. Incretins (GLP-1 and GIP), PYY, and total ghrelin are assessed at 0, 30, and 60 min. Mixed-meal diets for carbohydrate (54%), fat (28%), and protein (18%) contain either WG (50 g/1000 kcal) or equivalent RG. RESULTS Both diets induce fat loss (≈2 kg). While neither diet impacts early phase GSIS, the WG diet increases total GSIS (iAUC of C-peptide0-240 /Glc0-240 , p = 0.02) and β-cell function (disposition index; GSIS × insulin sensitivity, p = 0.02). GIP and PYY are unaltered by either diet, but GLP-1 is higher at 30 min following RG versus WG (p = 0.04). Ghrelin levels are higher at 60 min of the OGTT following both interventions (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION A WG-rich diet increases β-cell function independent of gut hormones in adults with prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven K Malin
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Emily L Kullman
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Health and Human Performance, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Amanda R Scelsi
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Godin
- Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Sciences, Nestlé Research Center, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alastair B Ross
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Chalmersplatsen 4, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John P Kirwan
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
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12
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Tu J, Liu G, Cao X, Zhu S, Li Q, Ji G, Han Y, Xiao H. Hypoglycemic effects of wheat bran alkyresorcinols in high-fat/high-sucrose diet and low-dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic male mice and protection of pancreatic β cells. Food Funct 2019; 10:3282-3290. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02396d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the hypoglycemic effects of wheat bran alkyresorcinols were investigated in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice induced by a high-fat/high-sucrose diet combined with low dose streptozotocin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tu
- College of Biotechnology
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
- Zhenjiang 212018
- China
- Department of Food Science
| | - Guanhui Liu
- School of Grain Science and Technology
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
- Zhenjiang 212004
- China
| | - Xitao Cao
- College of Biotechnology
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
- Zhenjiang 212018
- China
| | - Shuyun Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Biotechnology
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
- Zhenjiang 212018
- China
| | - Gengsheng Ji
- College of Biotechnology
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
- Zhenjiang 212018
- China
| | - Yanhui Han
- Department of Food Science
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
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13
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Schutte S, Esser D, Hoevenaars FPM, Hooiveld GJEJ, Priebe MG, Vonk RJ, Wopereis S, Afman LA. A 12-wk whole-grain wheat intervention protects against hepatic fat: the Graandioos study, a randomized trial in overweight subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:1264-1274. [PMID: 30541093 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whole-grain wheat (WGW) is described as nutritionally superior to refined wheat (RW) and thus advocated as the healthy choice, although evidence from intervention studies is often inconsistent. The liver, as the central organ in energy metabolism, might be an important target organ for WGW interventions. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the potential benefits of WGW consumption compared with RW consumption on liver health and associated parameters. Design We performed a double-blind, parallel trial in which 50 overweight 45- to 70-y-old men and postmenopausal women were randomly allocated to a 12-wk intervention with either WGW (98 g/d) or RW (98 g/d) products. Before and after the intervention we assessed intrahepatic triglycerides (IHTGs) and fat distribution by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy/magnetic resonance imaging, fecal microbiota composition, adipose tissue gene expression, and several fasting plasma parameters, as well as postprandial plasma lipids after a mixed meal. Results Fasting plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, nonesterified fatty acids, and insulin were not affected by RW or WGW intervention. We observed a substantial increase of 49.1% in IHTGs in the RW when compared with the WGW group (P = 0.033). Baseline microbiota composition could not predict the increase in IHTGs after RW, but gut microbiota diversity decreased in the RW group when compared with the WGW group (P = 0.010). In the WGW group, we observed increased postprandial triglyceride levels compared with the RW group (P = 0.020). In addition, the WGW intervention resulted in a trend towards lower fasting levels of the liver acute-phase proteins serum amyloid A (P = 0.057) and C-reactive protein (P = 0.064) when compared to the RW intervention. Conclusions A 12-wk RW intervention increases liver fat and might contribute to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, whereas a 12-wk 98-g/d WGW intervention prevents a substantial increase in liver fat. Our results show that incorporating feasible doses of WGW in the diet at the expense of RW maintains liver health. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02385149.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Schutte
- Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik Esser
- Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Femke P M Hoevenaars
- TNO, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Research Group Microbiology & Systems Biology, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marion G Priebe
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roel J Vonk
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Suzan Wopereis
- TNO, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Research Group Microbiology & Systems Biology, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Lydia A Afman
- Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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14
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A low-gluten diet induces changes in the intestinal microbiome of healthy Danish adults. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4630. [PMID: 30425247 PMCID: PMC6234216 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adherence to a low-gluten diet has become increasingly common in parts of the general population. However, the effects of reducing gluten-rich food items including wheat, barley and rye cereals in healthy adults are unclear. Here, we undertook a randomised, controlled, cross-over trial involving 60 middle-aged Danish adults without known disorders with two 8-week interventions comparing a low-gluten diet (2 g gluten per day) and a high-gluten diet (18 g gluten per day), separated by a washout period of at least six weeks with habitual diet (12 g gluten per day). We find that, in comparison with a high-gluten diet, a low-gluten diet induces moderate changes in the intestinal microbiome, reduces fasting and postprandial hydrogen exhalation, and leads to improvements in self-reported bloating. These observations suggest that most of the effects of a low-gluten diet in non-coeliac adults may be driven by qualitative changes in dietary fibres. Gluten-free diets are increasingly common in the general population. Here, the authors report the results of a randomised cross-over trial involving middle-aged, healthy Danish adults, showing evidence that a low-gluten diet leads to gut microbiome changes, possibly due to variations in dietary fibres.
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15
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Interlaboratory Coverage Test on Plant Food Bioactive Compounds and their Metabolites by Mass Spectrometry-Based Untargeted Metabolomics. Metabolites 2018; 8:metabo8030046. [PMID: 30149593 PMCID: PMC6161174 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds present in plant-based foods, and their metabolites derived from gut microbiota and endogenous metabolism, represent thousands of chemical structures of potential interest for human nutrition and health. State-of-the-art analytical methodologies, including untargeted metabolomics based on high-resolution mass spectrometry, are required for the profiling of these compounds in complex matrices, including plant food materials and biofluids. The aim of this project was to compare the analytical coverage of untargeted metabolomics methods independently developed and employed in various European platforms. In total, 56 chemical standards representing the most common classes of bioactive compounds spread over a wide chemical space were selected and analyzed by the participating platforms (n = 13) using their preferred untargeted method. The results were used to define analytical criteria for a successful analysis of plant food bioactives. Furthermore, they will serve as a basis for an optimized consensus method.
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16
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Hoppe M, Ross AB, Svelander C, Sandberg AS, Hulthén L. Low-phytate wholegrain bread instead of high-phytate wholegrain bread in a total diet context did not improve iron status of healthy Swedish females: a 12-week, randomized, parallel-design intervention study. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:853-864. [PMID: 29796932 PMCID: PMC6437124 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1722-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of eating wholegrain rye bread with high or low amounts of phytate on iron status in women under free-living conditions. METHODS In this 12-week, randomized, parallel-design intervention study, 102 females were allocated into two groups, a high-phytate-bread group or a low-phytate-bread group. These two groups were administered: 200 g of blanched wholegrain rye bread/day, or 200 g dephytinized wholegrain rye bread/day. The bread was administered in addition to their habitual daily diet. Iron status biomarkers and plasma alkylresorcinols were analyzed at baseline and post-intervention. RESULTS Fifty-five females completed the study. There was a significant difference in change over time in total body iron stores between the two groups (p < 0.035). In the low-phytate bread group (n = 24) there were significant within-group decreases in both ferritin (mean 12%; from 32 ± 7 to 27 ± 6 μg/L, geometric mean ± SEM, p < 0.018) and total body iron (mean 12%; from 6.9 ± 1.4 to 5.4 ± 1.1 mg/kg, p < 0.035). Plasma alkylresorcinols indicated that most subjects complied with the intervention CONCLUSIONS In Swedish females of reproductive age, no statistically significant difference in iron status was detected after 12 weeks of high-phytate wholegrain bread consumption. However, consumption of low-phytate wholegrain bread for 12 weeks resulted in a reduction of markers of iron status. Although single-meal studies clearly show an increase in iron bioavailability from dephytinization of cereals, medium-term consumption of reduced phytate bread under free-living conditions suggests that this strategy does not work to improve iron status in healthy women of reproductive age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hoppe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Nutrition Unit, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Alastair B Ross
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Svelander
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Sandberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Hulthén
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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17
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Lind MV, Lauritzen L, Pedersen O, Vestergaard H, Stark KD, Hansen T, Ross AB, Kristensen M. Higher intake of fish and fat is associated with lower plasma s-adenosylhomocysteine: a cross-sectional study. Nutr Res 2017; 46:78-87. [PMID: 29129471 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Several B-vitamins act as co-factors in one-carbon metabolism, a pathway that plays a central role in several chronic diseases. However, there is a lack of knowledge of how diet affects markers in one-carbon metabolism. The aim of this study was to explore dietary patterns and components associated with one-carbon metabolites. We hypothesized that intake of whole-grains and fish would be associated with lower Hcy, and higher SAM:SAH ratio due to their nutrient content. We assessed dietary information using a four-day dietary record in 118 men and women with features of the metabolic syndrome. In addition we assessed whole-blood fatty acid composition and plasma alkylresorcinols. Plasma s-adenosylmethionine (SAM), s-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), homocysteine (Hcy) and vitamin B12 was included as one-carbon metabolism markers. We used principal component analysis (PCA) to explore dietary patterns and multiple linear regression models to examine associations between dietary factors and one-carbon metabolites. PCA separated subjects based on prudent and unhealthy dietary patterns, but the dietary pattern score was not related to the one-carbon metabolites. Whole grain intake was found to be inversely associated to plasma Hcy (-4.7% (-9.3; 0.0), P=.05) and total grain intake tended to be positively associated with SAM and SAH (2.4% (-0.5; 5.5), P=.08; 5.8% (-0.2; 12.1), P=.06, respectively, per SD increase in cereal intake). Fish intake was inversely associated with plasma Hcy and SAH concentrations (-5.4% (-9.7; -0.8), P=.02 and -7.0% (-12.1; -1.5), P=.01, respectively) and positively associated with the SAM:SAH ratio (6.2% (1.6; 11.0), P=.008). In conclusion, intake and fish and whole-grain appear to be associated with a beneficial one-carbon metabolism profile. This indicates that dietary components could play a role in regulation of one-carbon metabolism with a potential impact on disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads V Lind
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Ken D Stark
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alastair B Ross
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mette Kristensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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18
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Ross AB, Svelander C, Karlsson G, Savolainen OI. Identification and quantification of even and odd chained 5-n alkylresorcinols, branched chain-alkylresorcinols and methylalkylresorcinols in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa). Food Chem 2017; 220:344-351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Choung RS, Murray JA, Marietta EV, Van Dyke CT, Ross AB. Serum alkylresorcinols as biomarkers of dietary gluten exposure in coeliac disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:643-652. [PMID: 28052442 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapy for coeliac disease (CD) mainly relies on following a gluten-free diet (GFD); however, a serum marker for gluten intake has yet to be established. AIM To evaluate the utility of alkylresorcinol concentrations for detecting gluten intake in studies of human and mouse. METHODS Alkylresorcinol concentrations were compared among treated patients with coeliac disease (n = 34), untreated coeliac disease patients (n = 36) and controls (n = 33). Furthermore, seven additional coeliac disease patients whose serum samples were available at diagnosis and after GFD were evaluated. In mice studies, alkylresorcinol concentrations were compared in the serum of five mice fed a regular chow and 10 mice fed lifelong with a gluten-free chow. In addition, the effect of adding gluten on changes of alkylresorcinol concentrations was also evaluated. RESULTS Total alkylresorcinol concentrations were significantly lower in treated with coeliac disease [median (IQR), 3 (2-8) nmol/L], compared to untreated patients [median (IQR), 32 (11-74) nmol/L; P < 0.0001] or healthy controls [median (IQR), 54 (23-112) nmol/L; P < 0.0001]. Moreover, alkylresorcinol concentrations in coeliac disease patients significantly decreased after introduction of a GFD (median, 34 nmol/L at diagnosis vs. 5 nmol/L after GFD, P = 0.02). In the mice, median (IQR) total alkylresorcinol concentrations in serum samples of mice fed lifelong with a gluten-free chow was 1.8 (1.6-2.3) nmol/L, which was further significantly increased to 16 (11-22) nmol/L after 8 days of feeding with the gluten-free chow that had gluten added to it. (P = 0.008). CONCLUSION Serum alkylresorcinol concentrations could be a useful marker for dietary gluten in coeliac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Choung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - J A Murray
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - E V Marietta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - C T Van Dyke
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A B Ross
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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20
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Lind MV, Madsen ML, Rumessen JJ, Vestergaard H, Gøbel RJ, Hansen T, Lauritzen L, Pedersen OB, Kristensen M, Ross AB. Plasma Alkylresorcinols Reflect Gluten Intake and Distinguish between Gluten-Rich and Gluten-Poor Diets in a Population at Risk of Metabolic Syndrome. J Nutr 2016; 146:1991-1998. [PMID: 27629576 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.236398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients with celiac disease experience difficulties in adherence to a gluten-free diet. Methods for testing compliance to a gluten-free diet are costly and cumbersome. Thus, a simple biomarker of gluten intake is needed in a clinical setting and will be useful for epidemiologic studies investigating wider effects of gluten intake. OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate plasma total alkylresorcinol concentrations as a measure of gluten intake. METHODS In this randomized, controlled, crossover intervention study in 52 Danish adults with features of the metabolic syndrome, we compared 8 wk of a gluten-rich and gluten-poor diet separated by a washout period of ≥6 wk. We measured fasting plasma concentrations of alkylresorcinols to determine if they reflected differences in gluten intake as a secondary outcome of the original study. In addition, we investigated in 118 Danish adults the cross-sectional association between self-reported gluten intake and plasma alkylresorcinols in the same and a similar study at baseline. We used mixed-model ANCOVA for examining treatment effects, a classification tree to determine compliance to the gluten-poor diet, and linear regression models for examining baseline correlation between plasma alkylresorcinol concentrations and gluten intake. RESULTS Plasma total alkylresorcinols decreased more during the gluten-poor period (geometric mean: -124.8 nmol/L; 95% CI: -156.5, -93.0 nmol/L) than in the gluten-rich period (geometric mean: -31.8 nmol/L; 95% CI: -63.1, -0.4 nmol/L) (P < 0.001). On the basis of the plasma alkylresorcinol profile, we built a classification tree to objectively determine compliance and found an overall participant misclassification error of 3.9%. In the cross-sectional study we found a 5.6% (95% CI: 2.4%, 8.9%) increase in plasma total alkylresorcinols per 1-g increase in reported gluten intake (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION We propose the use of plasma alkylresorcinols to monitor compliance to a gluten-free diet as well as to help investigations into the possible effects of gluten in the wider population. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT017119913 and NCT01731366.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads V Lind
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Mia L Madsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and
| | - Jüri J Rumessen
- QD-Research Unit and Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Rikke J Gøbel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Oluf B Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and
| | - Mette Kristensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Alastair B Ross
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Lind MV, Savolainen OI, Ross AB. The use of mass spectrometry for analysing metabolite biomarkers in epidemiology: methodological and statistical considerations for application to large numbers of biological samples. Eur J Epidemiol 2016; 31:717-33. [PMID: 27230258 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-016-0166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Data quality is critical for epidemiology, and as scientific understanding expands, the range of data available for epidemiological studies and the types of tools used for measurement have also expanded. It is essential for the epidemiologist to have a grasp of the issues involved with different measurement tools. One tool that is increasingly being used for measuring biomarkers in epidemiological cohorts is mass spectrometry (MS), because of the high specificity and sensitivity of MS-based methods and the expanding range of biomarkers that can be measured. Further, the ability of MS to quantify many biomarkers simultaneously is advantageously compared to single biomarker methods. However, as with all methods used to measure biomarkers, there are a number of pitfalls to consider which may have an impact on results when used in epidemiology. In this review we discuss the use of MS for biomarker analyses, focusing on metabolites and their application and potential issues related to large-scale epidemiology studies, the use of MS "omics" approaches for biomarker discovery and how MS-based results can be used for increasing biological knowledge gained from epidemiological studies. Better understanding of the possibilities and possible problems related to MS-based measurements will help the epidemiologist in their discussions with analytical chemists and lead to the use of the most appropriate statistical tools for these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads V Lind
- Food and Nutritional Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 3rd Floor, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Otto I Savolainen
- Food and Nutritional Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alastair B Ross
- Food and Nutritional Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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