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Gale J, Aizenman E. The physiological and pathophysiological roles of copper in the nervous system. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 60:3505-3543. [PMID: 38747014 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Copper is a critical trace element in biological systems due the vast number of essential enzymes that require the metal as a cofactor, including cytochrome c oxidase, superoxide dismutase and dopamine-β-hydroxylase. Due its key role in oxidative metabolism, antioxidant defence and neurotransmitter synthesis, copper is particularly important for neuronal development and proper neuronal function. Moreover, increasing evidence suggests that copper also serves important functions in synaptic and network activity, the regulation of circadian rhythms, and arousal. However, it is important to note that because of copper's ability to redox cycle and generate reactive species, cellular levels of the metal must be tightly regulated to meet cellular needs while avoiding copper-induced oxidative stress. Therefore, it is essential that the intricate system of copper transporters, exporters, copper chaperones and copper trafficking proteins function properly and in coordinate fashion. Indeed, disorders of copper metabolism such as Menkes disease and Wilson disease, as well as diseases linked to dysfunction of copper-requiring enzymes, such as SOD1-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, demonstrate the dramatic neurological consequences of altered copper homeostasis. In this review, we explore the physiological importance of copper in the nervous system as well as pathologies related to improper copper handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Gale
- Department of Neurobiology and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elias Aizenman
- Department of Neurobiology and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Patwa J, Flora SJS. Copper: From enigma to therapeutic target for neurological disorder. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 134:778-791. [PMID: 38622813 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.14010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Neurological disorders (NDs) have a negative impact on the lives of individuals. There could be two explanations for this: unclear aetiology and lack of effective therapy. However, research in the past few years has revealed the role of bio-metals dyshomeostasis in NDs. The imbalance in copper (Cu) concentration may be one of the main causative factors in NDs. In this review, we have discussed the role of Cu in NDs, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD), including the molecular mechanisms involved in Cu-associated NDs like oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and protein misfolding. We have also summarized the recent Cu-targeting approaches and highlighted the in vitro and in vivo studies recently being reported on the subject. Based on the earlier published reports, it could be speculated that the Cu targeting strategy might be an interesting and potential therapeutic approach for NDs. Various difficulties must be overcome to develop safe and efficient Cu-targeting medications for NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayant Patwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Swaran Jeet Singh Flora
- Era College of Pharmaceuticals, Era Lucknow Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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3
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Zhang S, Mei Y, Liu J, Liu Z, Tian Y. Alkyne-tagged SERS nanoprobe for understanding Cu + and Cu 2+ conversion in cuproptosis processes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3246. [PMID: 38622137 PMCID: PMC11018805 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Simultaneously quantifying mitochondrial Cu+ and Cu2+ levels is crucial for evaluating the molecular mechanisms of copper accumulation-involved pathological processes. Here, a series of molecules containing various diacetylene derivatives as Raman reporters are designed and synthesized, and the alkyne-tagged SERS probe is created for determination Cu+ and Cu2+ with high selectivity and sensitivity. The developed SERS probe generates well-separated distinguishable Raman fingerprint peaks with built-in corrections in the cellular silent region, resulting in accurate quantification of Cu+ and Cu2+. The present probe demonstrates high tempo-spatial resolution for real-time imaging and simultaneously quantifying mitochondrial Cu+ and Cu2+ with long-term stability benefiting from the probe assembly with designed Au-C≡C groups. Using this powerful tool, it is found that mitochondrial Cu+ and Cu2+ increase during ischemia are associated with breakdown of proteins containing copper as well as conversion of Cu+ and Cu2+. Meanwhile, we observe that parts of Cu+ and Cu2+ are transported out of neurons by ATPase. More importantly, cuproptosis in neurons is found including the oxidative stress process caused by the conversion of Cu+ to Cu2+, which dominates at the early stage (<9 h), and subsequent proteotoxic stress. Both oxidative and proteotoxic stresses contribute to neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiao Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhichao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Dmitriev OY, Patry J. Structure and mechanism of the human copper transporting ATPases: Fitting the pieces into a moving puzzle. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184306. [PMID: 38408697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Human copper transporters ATP7B and ATP7A deliver copper to biosynthetic pathways and maintain copper homeostasis in the cell. These enzymes combine several challenges for structural biology because they are large low abundance membrane proteins with many highly mobile domains and long disordered loops. No method has yet succeeded in solving the structure of the complete fully functional protein. Still, X-ray crystallography, Cryo-EM and NMR helped to piece together a structure based model of the enzyme activity and regulation by copper. We review the structures of ATP7B and ATP7A with an emphasis on the mechanistic insights into the unique aspects of the transport function and regulation of the human copper ATPases that have emerged from more than twenty years of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Y Dmitriev
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Jaala Patry
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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5
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Prasad Panda S, Kesharwani A. Micronutrients/miRs/ATP networking in mitochondria: Clinical intervention with ferroptosis, cuproptosis, and calcium burden. Mitochondrion 2023; 71:1-16. [PMID: 37172668 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (mtETC) requires mainly coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), copper (Cu2+), calcium (Ca2+), and iron (Fe2+) ions for efficient ATP production. According to cross-sectional research, up to 50% of patients with micronutrient imbalances have been linked to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced ATP production, and the prognosis of various diseases. The condition of ferroptosis, which is caused by the downregulation of CoQ10 and the activation of non-coding micro RNAs (miRs), is strongly linked to free radical accumulation, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. The entry of micronutrients into the mitochondrial matrix depends upon the higher threshold level of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and high cytosolic micronutrients. The elevated micronutrient in the mitochondrial matrix causes the utilization of all ATP, leading to a drop in ATP levels. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) play a major role in Ca2+ influx in the mitochondrial matrix. The mitochondrial Ca2+ overload is regulated by specific miRs such as miR1, miR7, miR25, miR145, miR138, and miR214, thereby reducing apoptosis and improving ATP production. Cuproptosis is primarily brought on by increased Cu+ build-up and mitochondrial proteotoxic stress, mediated by ferredoxin-1 (FDX1) and long non-coding RNAs. Cu importers (SLC31A1) and exporters (ATP7B) influence intracellular Cu2+ levels to control cuproptosis. According to literature reviews, very few randomized micronutrient interventions have been carried out, despite the identification of a high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies. In this review, we concentrated on essential micronutrients and specific miRs associated with ATP production that balance oxidative stress in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Prasad Panda
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Adarsh Kesharwani
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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6
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Helman SL, Zhou J, Fuqua BK, Lu Y, Collins JF, Chen H, Vulpe CD, Anderson GJ, Frazer DM. The biology of mammalian multi-copper ferroxidases. Biometals 2023; 36:263-281. [PMID: 35167013 PMCID: PMC9376197 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian multicopper ferroxidases (MCFs) ceruloplasmin (CP), hephaestin (HEPH) and zyklopen (ZP) comprise a family of conserved enzymes that are essential for body iron homeostasis. Each of these enzymes contains six biosynthetically incorporated copper atoms which act as intermediate electron acceptors, and the oxidation of iron is associated with the four electron reduction of dioxygen to generate two water molecules. CP occurs in both a secreted and GPI-linked (membrane-bound) form, while HEPH and ZP each contain a single C-terminal transmembrane domain. These enzymes function to ensure the efficient oxidation of iron so that it can be effectively released from tissues via the iron export protein ferroportin and subsequently bound to the iron carrier protein transferrin in the blood. CP is particularly important in facilitating iron release from the liver and central nervous system, HEPH is the major MCF in the small intestine and is critical for dietary iron absorption, and ZP is important for normal hair development. CP and HEPH (and possibly ZP) function in multiple tissues. These proteins also play other (non-iron-related) physiological roles, but many of these are ill-defined. In addition to disrupting iron homeostasis, MCF dysfunction perturbs neurological and immune function, alters cancer susceptibility, and causes hair loss, but, despite their importance, how MCFs co-ordinately maintain body iron homeostasis and perform other functions remains incompletely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheridan L Helman
- Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, USA
| | - Brie K Fuqua
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yan Lu
- Iron Metabolism Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
- Mucosal Immunology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - James F Collins
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, USA
| | - Huijun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Christopher D Vulpe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, USA
| | - Gregory J Anderson
- Iron Metabolism Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - David M Frazer
- Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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7
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Crossroads between copper ions and amyloid formation in Parkinson's disease. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:977-986. [PMID: 35757906 PMCID: PMC9760422 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) ion dys-homeostasis and α-synclein amyloid deposits are two hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, I will discuss the connections between these features, with a major focus on the role of Cu in the α-synuclein (aS) amyloid formation process. The structurally disordered aS monomer can bind to both redox states of Cu (i.e., oxidized Cu(II) and reduced Cu(I)) with high affinity in vitro. Notably, the presence of Cu(II) (in absence of aS N-terminal acetylation) and Cu(I) (when in complex with the copper chaperone Atox1) modulate aS assembly into β-structured amyloids in opposite directions in vitro. Albeit the link to biological relevance is not fully unraveled, existing observations clearly emphasize the need for more knowledge on this interplay and its consequences to eventually combat destructive reactions that promote PD.
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8
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Chen L, Min J, Wang F. Copper homeostasis and cuproptosis in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:378. [PMID: 36414625 PMCID: PMC9681860 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01229-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 150.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As an essential micronutrient, copper is required for a wide range of physiological processes in virtually all cell types. Because the accumulation of intracellular copper can induce oxidative stress and perturbing cellular function, copper homeostasis is tightly regulated. Recent studies identified a novel copper-dependent form of cell death called cuproptosis, which is distinct from all other known pathways underlying cell death. Cuproptosis occurs via copper binding to lipoylated enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, which leads to subsequent protein aggregation, proteotoxic stress, and ultimately cell death. Here, we summarize our current knowledge regarding copper metabolism, copper-related disease, the characteristics of cuproptosis, and the mechanisms that regulate cuproptosis. In addition, we discuss the implications of cuproptosis in the pathogenesis of various disease conditions, including Wilson's disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer, and we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting cuproptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Chen
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.412017.10000 0001 0266 8918The First Affiliated Hospital, Basic Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Junxia Min
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Fudi Wang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,The First Affiliated Hospital, Basic Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
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9
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Diz M, Durán-Carril ML, Castro J, Alvo S, Bada L, Viña D, García-Vázquez JA. Antitumor activity of copper(II) complexes with Schiff bases derived from N'-tosylbenzene-1,2-diamine. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 236:111975. [PMID: 36055108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical oxidation of anodic metal copper in a solution of the ligands N-[(5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidine]-N'-tosylbenzene-1,2-diamine [H2L1] and N-[(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidine]-N'-tosylbenzene-1,2-diamine, [H2L2] afforded homoleptic [CuL] compounds or solvate [CuLS] complexes. The addition to the electrochemical cell of coligands (L') such as 2,2'-bipyridine (2-bpy), 4,4'-bipyridine(4-bpy) or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) allowed the synthesis, in one step, of heteroleptic [CuLL'] compounds, namely [CuL1(H2O)] (1), [CuL1(2,2'-bpy)]⋅CH3CN (2), [CuL1(phen)]·H2O (3), [Cu2L12(4,4'-bpy)] (4), [CuL2(CH3OH)] (5), [CuL2(2,2'-bpy)] (6), [CuL2(phen)] (7) and [Cu2L22(4,4'-bpy)] (8). The crystal structures of both ligands, H2L1, H2L2, and those of the complexes (2), (4), (5), (6) and (7) have been determined by X-ray diffraction techniques. Coordination polyhedron around metal atom is square planar for [CuL2(CH3OH)] (5) and [Cu2L12(4,4'-bpy)] (4) and square pyramid for the other complexes with additional chelating ligands. The cytotoxic activity of this new series of copper(II) complexes against the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line and U87-MG and U373-MG glioblastoma cell lines has been investigated. Most of the test compounds showed higher activity than cisplatin in the three cell lines. Among this series, compound [CuL1(phen)] (3) displayed the highest activity with IC50 equal to 1.77 μM on SH-SY5Y whereas compound [Cu2L12(4.4'-bpy)] (4) resulted the most potent compounds on U87 MG and U373 MG glioblastoma cell lines. Studies on the cytotoxic activity of these derivatives suggest that these compounds induce cell death by a mechanism other than apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Diz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Campus Vida, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María L Durán-Carril
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Campus Vida, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús Castro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultade de Química, Edificio de Ciencias Experimentais, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo (Galicia), Spain.
| | - Samuel Alvo
- CIMUS, Campus Vida, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lucía Bada
- CIMUS, Campus Vida, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Dolores Viña
- CIMUS, Campus Vida, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José A García-Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Campus Vida, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Das S, Mohammed A, Mandal T, Maji S, Verma J, Ruturaj, Gupta A. Polarized trafficking and copper transport activity of ATP7B: a mutational approach to establish genotype-phenotype correlation in Wilson disease. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:1408-1429. [PMID: 35762218 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mutation in ATP7B gene causes Wilson disease (WD) that is characterized by severe hepatic and neurological symptoms. ATP7B localizes at the trans-Golgi Network (TGN) transporting copper to copper-dependent enzymes and traffics in apically targeted vesicles upon intracellular copper elevation. To decode the cellular underpinnings of WD manifestation we investigated copper-responsive polarized trafficking and copper transport activity of fifteen WD causing point mutations in ATP7B. Amino-terminal mutations Gly85Val, Leu168Pro and Gly591Asp displayed TGN and sub-apical localization whereas, Leu492Ser mislocalized at the basolateral region. The actuator domain mutation Gly875Arg shows retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Ala874Val and Leu795Phe show partial targeting to TGN and post-Golgi vesicles. The Nucleotide-Binding Domain mutations His1069Gln and Leu1083Phe also display impaired targeting. The C-terminal mutations Leu1373Pro/Arg is arrested at ER but Ser1423Asn shows TGN localization. Transmembrane mutant Arg778Leu resides in ER and TGN while Arg969Gln is exclusively ER localized. Cellular Cu level does not alter the targeting of any of the studied mutations. Mutants that traffic to TGN exhibits biosynthetic function. Finally, we correlated cellular phenotypes with the clinical manifestation of the two most prevalent mutations; the early onset and more aggressive WD caused by Arg778Leu and the milder form of WD caused by mutation His1069Gln. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Ameena Mohammed
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Taniya Mandal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Saptarshi Maji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Jay Verma
- Maulana Azad Medical College, 2 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, Delhi, 110002, India
| | - Ruturaj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Arnab Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
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11
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Roy M, Nath AK, Pal I, Dey SG. Second Sphere Interactions in Amyloidogenic Diseases. Chem Rev 2022; 122:12132-12206. [PMID: 35471949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amyloids are protein aggregates bearing a highly ordered cross β structural motif, which may be functional but are mostly pathogenic. Their formation, deposition in tissues and consequent organ dysfunction is the central event in amyloidogenic diseases. Such protein aggregation may be brought about by conformational changes, and much attention has been directed toward factors like metal binding, post-translational modifications, mutations of protein etc., which eventually affect the reactivity and cytotoxicity of the associated proteins. Over the past decade, a global effort from different groups working on these misfolded/unfolded proteins/peptides has revealed that the amino acid residues in the second coordination sphere of the active sites of amyloidogenic proteins/peptides cause changes in H-bonding pattern or protein-protein interactions, which dramatically alter the structure and reactivity of these proteins/peptides. These second sphere effects not only determine the binding of transition metals and cofactors, which define the pathology of some of these diseases, but also change the mechanism of redox reactions catalyzed by these proteins/peptides and form the basis of oxidative damage associated with these amyloidogenic diseases. The present review seeks to discuss such second sphere modifications and their ramifications in the etiopathology of some representative amyloidogenic diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2Dm), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuparna Roy
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Arnab Kumar Nath
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ishita Pal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Somdatta Ghosh Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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12
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Copper(II) import and reduction are dependent on His-Met clusters in the extracellular amino terminus of human copper transporter-1. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101631. [PMID: 35090891 PMCID: PMC8867124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper(I) is an essential metal for all life forms. Though Cu(II) is the most abundant and stable state, its reduction to Cu(I) via an unclear mechanism is prerequisite for its bioutilization. In eukaryotes, the copper transporter-1 (CTR1) is the primary high-affinity copper importer, although its mechanism and role in Cu(II) reduction remain uncharacterized. Here we show that extracellular amino-terminus of human CTR1 contains two methionine-histidine clusters and neighboring aspartates that distinctly bind Cu(I) and Cu(II) preceding its import. We determined that hCTR1 localizes at the basolateral membrane of polarized MDCK-II cells and that its endocytosis to Common-Recycling-Endosomes is regulated by reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) and subsequent Cu(I) coordination by the methionine cluster. We demonstrate the transient binding of both Cu(II) and Cu(I) during the reduction process is facilitated by aspartates that also act as another crucial determinant of hCTR1 endocytosis. Mutating the first Methionine cluster (7Met-Gly-Met9) and Asp13 abrogated copper uptake and endocytosis upon copper treatment. This phenotype could be reverted by treating the cells with reduced and nonreoxidizable Cu(I). We show that histidine clusters, on other hand, bind Cu(II) and are crucial for hCTR1 functioning at limiting copper. Finally, we show that two N-terminal His-Met-Asp clusters exhibit functional complementarity, as the second cluster is sufficient to preserve copper-induced CTR1 endocytosis upon complete deletion of the first cluster. We propose a novel and detailed mechanism by which the two His-Met-Asp residues of hCTR1 amino-terminus not only bind copper, but also maintain its reduced state, crucial for intracellular uptake.
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13
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Lutsenko S. Dynamic and cell-specific transport networks for intracellular copper ions. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272704. [PMID: 34734631 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.240523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) homeostasis is essential for the development and function of many organisms. In humans, Cu misbalance causes serious pathologies and has been observed in a growing number of diseases. This Review focuses on mammalian Cu(I) transporters and highlights recent studies on regulation of intracellular Cu fluxes. Cu is used by essential metabolic enzymes for their activity. These enzymes are located in various intracellular compartments and outside cells. When cells differentiate, or their metabolic state is otherwise altered, the need for Cu in different cell compartments change, and Cu has to be redistributed to accommodate these changes. The Cu transporters SLC31A1 (CTR1), SLC31A2 (CTR2), ATP7A and ATP7B regulate Cu content in cellular compartments and maintain Cu homeostasis. Increasing numbers of regulatory proteins have been shown to contribute to multifaceted regulation of these Cu transporters. It is becoming abundantly clear that the Cu transport networks are dynamic and cell specific. The comparison of the Cu transport machinery in the liver and intestine illustrates the distinct composition and dissimilar regulatory response of their Cu transporters to changing Cu levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Lutsenko
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Department of Physiology, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Maung MT, Carlson A, Olea-Flores M, Elkhadragy L, Schachtschneider KM, Navarro-Tito N, Padilla-Benavides T. The molecular and cellular basis of copper dysregulation and its relationship with human pathologies. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21810. [PMID: 34390520 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100273rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient required for the activity of redox-active enzymes involved in critical metabolic reactions, signaling pathways, and biological functions. Transporters and chaperones control Cu ion levels and bioavailability to ensure proper subcellular and systemic Cu distribution. Intensive research has focused on understanding how mammalian cells maintain Cu homeostasis, and how molecular signals coordinate Cu acquisition and storage within organs. In humans, mutations of genes that regulate Cu homeostasis or facilitate interactions with Cu ions lead to numerous pathologic conditions. Malfunctions of the Cu+ -transporting ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B cause Menkes disease and Wilson disease, respectively. Additionally, defects in the mitochondrial and cellular distributions and homeostasis of Cu lead to severe neurodegenerative conditions, mitochondrial myopathies, and metabolic diseases. Cu has a dual nature in carcinogenesis as a promotor of tumor growth and an inducer of redox stress in cancer cells. Cu also plays role in cancer treatment as a component of drugs and a regulator of drug sensitivity and uptake. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of Cu metabolism and transport and its relation to various human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- May T Maung
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA
| | - Alyssa Carlson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA
| | - Monserrat Olea-Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Lobna Elkhadragy
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kyle M Schachtschneider
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Napoleon Navarro-Tito
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, Mexico
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Balaji S. The transferred translocases: An old wine in a new bottle. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:1587-1610. [PMID: 34324237 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of translocases was underappreciated and was not included as a separate class in the enzyme commission until August 2018. The recent research interests in proteomics of orphan enzymes, ionomics, and metallomics along with high-throughput sequencing technologies generated overwhelming data and revamped this enzyme into a separate class. This offers a great opportunity to understand the role of new or orphan enzymes in general and specifically translocases. The enzymes belonging to translocases regulate/permeate the transfer of ions or molecules across the membranes. These enzyme entries were previously associated with other enzyme classes, which are now transferred to a new enzyme class 7 (EC 7). The entries that are reclassified are important to extend the enzyme list, and it is the need of the hour. Accordingly, there is an upgradation of entries of this class of enzymes in several databases. This review is a concise compilation of translocases with reference to the number of entries currently available in the databases. This review also focuses on function as well as dysfunction of translocases during normal and disordered states, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Balaji
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576 104, India
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Grechnikova M, Ženíšková K, Malych R, Mach J, Sutak R. Copper detoxification machinery of the brain-eating amoeba Naegleria fowleri involves copper-translocating ATPase and the antioxidant system. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2020; 14:126-135. [PMID: 33096396 PMCID: PMC7578549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Copper is a trace metal that is necessary for all organisms but toxic when present in excess. Different mechanisms to avoid copper toxicity have been reported to date in pathogenic organisms such as Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans. However, little if anything is known about pathogenic protozoans despite their importance in human and veterinary medicine. Naegleria fowleri is a free-living amoeba that occurs naturally in warm fresh water and can cause a rapid and deadly brain infection called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). Here, we describe the mechanisms employed by N. fowleri to tolerate high copper concentrations, which include various strategies such as copper efflux mediated by a copper-translocating ATPase and upregulation of the expression of antioxidant enzymes and obscure hemerythrin-like and protoglobin-like proteins. The combination of different mechanisms efficiently protects the cell and ensures its high copper tolerance, which can be advantageous both in the natural environment and in the host. Nevertheless, we demonstrate that copper ionophores are potent antiamoebic agents; thus, copper metabolism may be considered a therapeutic target. N. fowleri employs the combination of copper efflux and antioxidant system to ensure a high copper tolerance. Copper efflux in N. fowleri is mediated by a copper-translocating P-type ATPase. Copper ionophores have amoebicidal effect against N. fowleri and thus may be potentially used as antiamoebic agents. Iron-binding proteins hemerythrin and protoglobin are highly upregulated in N. fowleri under copper overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grechnikova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Ženíšková
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ronald Malych
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mach
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Sutak
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic.
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Zhao G, Sun H, Zhang T, Liu JX. Copper induce zebrafish retinal developmental defects via triggering stresses and apoptosis. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:45. [PMID: 32169084 PMCID: PMC7071659 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The disorder of copper homeostasis is linked with disease and developmental defects, and excess copper_nanoparticles (CuNPs) and ion (Cu2+) will induce developmental malformation and disease in organisms. However, little knowledge is available regarding its potential regulation mechanisms, and little study links excess copper with retinal developmental malformation and disease. Methods Embryos were stressed with copper (CuNPs and Cu2+), and cell proliferation and apoptosis assays, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) signaling detections, and genetic mutants cox17−/− and atp7a−/− application, were used to evaluate copper induced retinal developmental malformation and the underlying genetic and biological regulating mechanisms. Results Copper reduced retinal cells and down-regulated expression of retinal genes, damaged the structures of ER and mitochondria in retinal cells, up-regulated unfold protein responses (UPR) and ROS, and increased apoptosis in copper-stressed retinal cells. The copper induced retinal defects could be significantly neutralized by ROS scavengers reduced Glutathione (GSH) & N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and ER stress inhibitor 4- phenylbutyric acid (PBA). Blocking the transportation of copper to mitochondria, or to trans-Golgi network and to be exported into plasma, by deleting gene cox17 or atp7a, could alleviate retinal developmental defects in embryos under copper stresses. Conclusions This is probably the first report to reveal that copper nanoparticles and ions induce retinal developmental defects via upregulating UPR and ROS, leading to apoptosis in zebrafish embryonic retinal cells. Integrated function of copper transporter (Cox17 and Atp7a) is necessary for copper induced retinal defects. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - HaoJie Sun
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing-Xia Liu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Wooton-Kee CR, Robertson M, Zhou Y, Dong B, Sun Z, Kim KH, Liu H, Xu Y, Putluri N, Saha P, Coarfa C, Moore DD, Nuotio-Antar AM. Metabolic dysregulation in the Atp7b-/- Wilson's disease mouse model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:2076-2083. [PMID: 31924743 PMCID: PMC6994990 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914267117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivating mutations in the copper transporter Atp7b result in Wilson's disease. The Atp7b-/- mouse develops hallmarks of Wilson's disease. The activity of several nuclear receptors decreased in Atp7b-/- mice, and nuclear receptors are critical for maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Therefore, we anticipated that Atp7b-/- mice would exhibit altered progression of diet-induced obesity, fatty liver, and insulin resistance. Following 10 wk on a chow or Western-type diet (40% kcal fat), parameters of glucose and lipid homeostasis were measured. Hepatic metabolites were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and correlated with transcriptomic data. Atp7b-/- mice fed a chow diet presented with blunted body-weight gain over time, had lower fat mass, and were more glucose tolerant than wild type (WT) littermate controls. On the Western diet, Atp7b-/- mice exhibited reduced body weight, adiposity, and hepatic steatosis compared with WT controls. Atp7b-/- mice fed either diet were more insulin sensitive than WT controls; however, fasted Atp7b-/- mice exhibited hypoglycemia after administration of insulin due to an impaired glucose counterregulatory response, as evidenced by reduced hepatic glucose production. Coupling gene expression with metabolomic analyses, we observed striking changes in hepatic metabolic profiles in Atp7b-/- mice, including increases in glycolytic intermediates and components of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. In addition, the active phosphorylated form of AMP kinase was significantly increased in Atp7b-/- mice relative to WT controls. Alterations in hepatic metabolic profiles and nuclear receptor signaling were associated with improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity as well as with impaired fasting glucose production in Atp7b-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clavia Ruth Wooton-Kee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030;
| | - Matthew Robertson
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Bingning Dong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Kang Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Hailan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Pradip Saha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - David D Moore
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030;
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
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Tavera-Montañez C, Hainer SJ, Cangussu D, Gordon SJV, Xiao Y, Reyes-Gutierrez P, Imbalzano AN, Navea JG, Fazzio TG, Padilla-Benavides T. The classic metal-sensing transcription factor MTF1 promotes myogenesis in response to copper. FASEB J 2019; 33:14556-14574. [PMID: 31690123 PMCID: PMC6894080 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901606r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metal-regulatory transcription factor 1 (MTF1) is a conserved metal-binding transcription factor in eukaryotes that binds to conserved DNA sequence motifs, termed metal response elements. MTF1 responds to both metal excess and deprivation, protects cells from oxidative and hypoxic stresses, and is required for embryonic development in vertebrates. To examine the role for MTF1 in cell differentiation, we use multiple experimental strategies [including gene knockdown (KD) mediated by small hairpin RNA and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), immunofluorescence, chromatin immunopreciptation sequencing, subcellular fractionation, and atomic absorbance spectroscopy] and report a previously unappreciated role for MTF1 and copper (Cu) in cell differentiation. Upon initiation of myogenesis from primary myoblasts, both MTF1 expression and nuclear localization increased. Mtf1 KD impaired differentiation, whereas addition of nontoxic concentrations of Cu+-enhanced MTF1 expression and promoted myogenesis. Furthermore, we observed that Cu+ binds stoichiometrically to a C terminus tetra-cysteine of MTF1. MTF1 bound to chromatin at the promoter regions of myogenic genes, and Cu addition stimulated this binding. Of note, MTF1 formed a complex with myogenic differentiation (MYOD)1, the master transcriptional regulator of the myogenic lineage, at myogenic promoters. These findings uncover unexpected mechanisms by which Cu and MTF1 regulate gene expression during myoblast differentiation.-Tavera-Montañez, C., Hainer, S. J., Cangussu, D., Gordon, S. J. V., Xiao, Y., Reyes-Gutierrez, P., Imbalzano, A. N., Navea, J. G., Fazzio, T. G., Padilla-Benavides, T. The classic metal-sensing transcription factor MTF1 promotes myogenesis in response to copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Tavera-Montañez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah J. Hainer
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; and
| | - Daniella Cangussu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shellaina J. V. Gordon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York, USA
| | - Pablo Reyes-Gutierrez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anthony N. Imbalzano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Juan G. Navea
- Department of Chemistry, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York, USA
| | - Thomas G. Fazzio
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; and
| | - Teresita Padilla-Benavides
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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Meade JC. P-type transport ATPases in Leishmania and Trypanosoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:69. [PMID: 31782726 PMCID: PMC6884021 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2019069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
P-type ATPases are critical to the maintenance and regulation of cellular ion homeostasis and membrane lipid asymmetry due to their ability to move ions and phospholipids against a concentration gradient by utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis. P-type ATPases are particularly relevant in human pathogenic trypanosomatids which are exposed to abrupt and dramatic changes in their external environment during their life cycles. This review describes the complete inventory of ion-motive, P-type ATPase genes in the human pathogenic Trypanosomatidae; eight Leishmania species (L. aethiopica, L. braziliensis, L. donovani, L. infantum, L. major, L. mexicana, L. panamensis, L. tropica), Trypanosoma cruzi and three Trypanosoma brucei subspecies (Trypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927, Trypanosoma brucei Lister strain 427, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense DAL972). The P-type ATPase complement in these trypanosomatids includes the P1B (metal pumps), P2A (SERCA, sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPases), P2B (PMCA, plasma membrane calcium ATPases), P2D (Na+ pumps), P3A (H+ pumps), P4 (aminophospholipid translocators), and P5B (no assigned specificity) subfamilies. These subfamilies represent the P-type ATPase transport functions necessary for survival in the Trypanosomatidae as P-type ATPases for each of these seven subfamilies are found in all Leishmania and Trypanosoma species included in this analysis. These P-type ATPase subfamilies are correlated with current molecular and biochemical knowledge of their function in trypanosomatid growth, adaptation, infectivity, and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Meade
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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Horvath I, Blockhuys S, Šulskis D, Holgersson S, Kumar R, Burmann BM, Wittung-Stafshede P. Interaction between Copper Chaperone Atox1 and Parkinson's Disease Protein α-Synuclein Includes Metal-Binding Sites and Occurs in Living Cells. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:4659-4668. [PMID: 31600047 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in copper ion homeostasis appear coupled to neurodegenerative disorders, but mechanisms are unknown. The cytoplasmic copper chaperone Atox1 was recently found to inhibit amyloid formation in vitro of α-synuclein, the amyloidogenic protein in Parkinson's disease. As α-synuclein may have copper-dependent functions, and free copper ions promote α-synuclein amyloid formation, it is important to characterize the Atox1 interaction with α-synuclein on a molecular level. Here we applied solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, with isotopically labeled α-synuclein and Atox1, to define interaction regions in both proteins. The α-synuclein interaction interface includes the whole N-terminal part up to Gln24; in Atox1, residues around the copper-binding cysteines (positions 11-16) are mostly perturbed, but additional effects are also found for residues elsewhere in both proteins. Because α-synuclein is N-terminally acetylated in vivo, we established that Atox1 also inhibits amyloid formation of this variant in vitro, and proximity ligation in human cell lines demonstrated α-synuclein-Atox1 interactions in situ. Thus, this interaction may provide the direct link between copper homeostasis and amyloid formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Istvan Horvath
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Stéphanie Blockhuys
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Darius Šulskis
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Stellan Holgersson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Ranjeet Kumar
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Björn M. Burmann
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Wittung-Stafshede
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
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Abstract
Copper is a redox-active transition metal ion required for the function of many essential human proteins. For biosynthesis of proteins coordinating copper, the metal may bind before, during or after folding of the polypeptide. If the metal binds to unfolded or partially folded structures of the protein, such coordination may modulate the folding reaction. The molecular understanding of how copper is incorporated into proteins requires descriptions of chemical, thermodynamic, kinetic and structural parameters involved in the formation of protein-metal complexes. Because free copper ions are toxic, living systems have elaborate copper-transport systems that include particular proteins that facilitate efficient and specific delivery of copper ions to target proteins. Therefore, these pathways become an integral part of copper protein folding in vivo. This review summarizes biophysical-molecular in vitro work assessing the role of copper in folding and stability of copper-binding proteins as well as protein-protein copper exchange reactions between human copper transport proteins. We also describe some recent findings about the participation of copper ions and copper proteins in protein misfolding and aggregation reactions in vitro.
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Abstract
Protein misfolding in cells is avoided by a network of protein chaperones that detect misfolded or partially folded species. When proteins escape these control systems, misfolding may result in protein aggregation and amyloid formation. We here show that aggregation of the amyloidogenic protein α-synuclein (αS), the key player in Parkinson's disease, is controlled by the copper transport protein Atox1 in vitro. Copper ions are not freely available in the cellular environment, but when provided by Atox1, the resulting copper-dependent ternary complex blocks αS aggregation. Because the same inhibition was found for a truncated version of αS, lacking the C-terminal part, it appears that Atox1 interacts with the N-terminal copper site in αS. Metal-dependent chaperoning may be yet another manner in which cells control its proteome.
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Looking for a partner: ceruloplasmin in protein-protein interactions. Biometals 2019; 32:195-210. [PMID: 30895493 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-019-00189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ceruloplasmin (CP) is a mammalian blood plasma ferroxidase. More than 95% of the copper found in plasma is carried by this protein, which is a member of the multicopper oxidase family. Proteins from this group are able to oxidize substrates through the transfer of four electrons to oxygen. The essential role of CP in iron metabolism in humans is particularly evident in the case of loss-of-function mutations in the CP gene resulting in a neurodegenerative syndrome known as aceruloplasminaemia. However, the functions of CP are not limited to the oxidation of ferrous iron to ferric iron, which allows loading of the ferric iron into transferrin and prevents the deleterious reactions of Fenton chemistry. In recent years, a number of novel CP functions have been reported, and many of these functions depend on the ability of CP to form stable complexes with a number of proteins.
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Matson Dzebo M, Blockhuys S, Valenzuela S, Celauro E, Esbjörner EK, Wittung-Stafshede P. Copper Chaperone Atox1 Interacts with Cell Cycle Proteins. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 16:443-449. [PMID: 30455854 PMCID: PMC6231052 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The anaphase-promoting complex (APC) is involved in several processes in the cell cycle, most prominently it facilitates the separation of the sister chromatids during mitosis, before cell division. Because of the key role in the cell cycle, APC is suggested as a putative target for anticancer agents. We here show that the copper chaperone Atox1, known for shuttling copper in the cytoplasm from Ctr1 to ATP7A/B in the secretory pathway, interacts with several APC subunits. Atox1 interactions with APC subunits were discovered by mass spectrometry of co-immunoprecipitated samples and further confirmed using proximity ligation assays in HEK293T cells. Upon comparing wild-type cells with those in which the Atox1 gene had been knocked out, we found that in the absence of Atox1 protein, cells have prolonged G2/M phases and a slower proliferation rate. Thus, in addition to copper transport for loading of copper-dependent enzymes, Atox1 may modulate the cell cycle by interacting with APC subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Pernilla Wittung-Stafshede
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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26
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A Luminal Loop of Wilson Disease Protein Binds Copper and Is Required for Protein Activity. Biophys J 2018; 115:1007-1018. [PMID: 30173886 PMCID: PMC6139820 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The copper-transporting ATPase ATP7B is essential for loading of copper ions to copper-dependent enzymes in the secretory pathway; its inactivation results in Wilson disease. In contrast to copper-ion uptake by the cytoplasmic domains, ATP7B-mediated copper-ion release in the Golgi has not been explored yet. We demonstrate here that a luminal loop in ATP7B, rich in histidine/methionine residues, binds reduced copper (Cu(I)) ions, and identified copper-binding residues play an essential role in ATP7B-mediated metal ion release. NMR experiments on short-peptide models demonstrate that three methionine and two histidine residues are specifically involved in Cu(I) ion binding; with these residues replaced by alanines, no Cu(I) ion interaction is detected. Although more than one Cu(I) ion can interact with the wild-type peptide, removing either all histidine or all methionine residues reduces the stoichiometry to one Cu(I) ion binding per peptide. Using a yeast complementation assay, we show that for efficient copper transport by full-length ATP7B, the complete set of histidine and methionine residues in the lumen loop are required. The replacement of histidine/methionine residues by alanines does not perturb overall ATP7B structure, as the localization of ATP7B variants in yeast cells matches that of the wild-type protein. Thus, in similarity to ATP7A, ATP7B also appears to have a luminal “exit” copper ion site.
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Huong NTM, Lien NTK, Ngoc ND, Mai NTP, Hoa NPA, Hai LT, Van Chi P, Van TT, Van Khanh T, Hoang NH. Three novel mutations in the ATP7B gene of unrelated Vietnamese patients with Wilson disease. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:104. [PMID: 29914392 PMCID: PMC6006946 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Wilson disease (OMIM # 277900) is a autosomal recessive disorder characterized by accumulation of copper in liver and brain. The accumulation of copper resulting in oxidative stress and eventually cell death. The disease has an onset in a childhood and result in a significant neurological impairment or require lifelong treatment. Another serious consequence of the disease is the development of liver damage and acute liver failure leading to liver transplant. The disorder is caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene, encoding a P-type copper transporting ATPase. Case presentation We performed genetic analysis of three unrelated patients from three different Vietnamese families. These patients had clinical features such as numbness of hands and feet, vomiting, insomnia, palsy, liver failure and Kayser–Fleischer (K–F) rings and were diagnosed with Wilson disease in the Human Genetics Department, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital. The entire coding region and adjacent splice sites of ATP7B gene were amplified and sequenced by Sanger method. Sequencing data were analyzed and compared with the ATP7B gene sequence published in Ensembl (ENSG00000123191) by using BioEdit software to detect mutations. Conclusions In this study, five mutations in the ATP7B gene were found. Among of these, three mutations were novel: c.750_751insG (p.His251Alafs*19) in exon 2, c.2604delC (p.Pro868Profs*5) in exon 11, and c.3077 T > A (p.Phe1026Tyr) in exon 14. Our results of the mutations associated with Wilson disease might facilitate the development of effective treatment plans. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-018-0619-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Mai Huong
- Human Genetics Department, Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Ministry of Health, 18/879 La Thanh str., Dongda, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Kim Lien
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 - Hoang Quoc Viet str., Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ngo Diem Ngoc
- Human Genetics Department, Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Ministry of Health, 18/879 La Thanh str., Dongda, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Phuong Mai
- Human Genetics Department, Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Ministry of Health, 18/879 La Thanh str., Dongda, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Pham Anh Hoa
- Hepatology Department, Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Ministry of Health, 18/879 La Thanh str., Dongda, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Thanh Hai
- Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Ministry of Health, 18/879 La Thanh str., Dongda, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phan Van Chi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 - Hoang Quoc Viet str., Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ta Thanh Van
- Hanoi Medical University, Ministry of Education and Training, 1 - Ton That Tung str., Dongda, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Van Khanh
- Hanoi Medical University, Ministry of Education and Training, 1 - Ton That Tung str., Dongda, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Huy Hoang
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 - Hoang Quoc Viet str., Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Ackerman CM, Weber PK, Xiao T, Thai B, Kuo TJ, Zhang E, Pett-Ridge J, Chang CJ. Multimodal LA-ICP-MS and nanoSIMS imaging enables copper mapping within photoreceptor megamitochondria in a zebrafish model of Menkes disease. Metallomics 2018; 10:474-485. [PMID: 29507920 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00349h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Copper is essential for eukaryotic life, and animals must acquire this nutrient through the diet and distribute it to cells and organelles for proper function of biological targets. Indeed, mutations in the central copper exporter ATP7A contribute to a spectrum of diseases, including Menkes disease, with symptoms ranging from neurodegeneration to lax connective tissue. As such, a better understanding of the fundamental impacts of ATP7A mutations on in vivo copper distributions is of relevance to those affected by these diseases. Here we combine metal imaging and optical imaging techniques at a variety of spatial resolutions to identify tissues and structures with altered copper levels in the Calamitygw71 zebrafish model of Menkes disease. Rapid profiling of tissue slices with LA-ICP-MS identified reduced copper levels in the brain, neuroretina, and liver of Menkes fish compared to control specimens. High resolution nanoSIMS imaging of the neuroretina, combined with electron and confocal microscopies, identified the megamitochondria of photoreceptors as loci of copper accumulation in wildtype fish, with lower levels of megamitochondrial copper observed in Calamitygw71 zebrafish. Interestingly, this localized copper decrease does not result in impaired photoreceptor development or altered megamitochondrial morphology, suggesting the prioritization of copper at sufficient levels for maintaining essential mitochondrial functions. Together, these data establish the Calamitygw71 zebrafish as an optically transparent in vivo model for the study of neural copper misregulation, illuminate a role for the ATP7A copper exporter in trafficking copper to the neuroretina, and highlight the utility of combining multiple imaging techniques for studying metals in whole organism settings with spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheri M Ackerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
| | - Peter K Weber
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA.
| | - Tong Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA. and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Bao Thai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
| | - Tiffani J Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
| | - Emily Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
| | - Jennifer Pett-Ridge
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA.
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA. and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
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29
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Vest KE, Paskavitz AL, Lee JB, Padilla-Benavides T. Dynamic changes in copper homeostasis and post-transcriptional regulation of Atp7a during myogenic differentiation. Metallomics 2018; 10:309-322. [PMID: 29333545 PMCID: PMC5824686 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00324b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential metal required for activity of a number of redox active enzymes that participate in critical cellular pathways such as metabolism and cell signaling. Because it is also a toxic metal, Cu must be tightly controlled by a series of transporters and chaperone proteins that regulate Cu homeostasis. The critical nature of Cu is highlighted by the fact that mutations in Cu homeostasis genes cause pathologic conditions such as Menkes and Wilson diseases. While Cu homeostasis in highly affected tissues like the liver and brain is well understood, no study has probed the role of Cu in development of skeletal muscle, another tissue that often shows pathology in these conditions. Here, we found an increase in whole cell Cu content during differentiation of cultured immortalized or primary myoblasts derived from mouse satellite cells. We demonstrate that Cu is required for both proliferation and differentiation of primary myoblasts. We also show that a key Cu homeostasis gene, Atp7a, undergoes dynamic changes in expression during myogenic differentiation. Alternative polyadenylation and stability of Atp7a mRNA fluctuates with differentiation stage of the myoblasts, indicating post-transcriptional regulation of Atp7a that depends on the differentiation state. This is the first report of a requirement for Cu during myogenic differentiation and provides the basis for understanding the network of Cu transport associated with myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Vest
- Department of Biology , Emory University , 1510 Clifton Road , Atlanta , GA 30322 , USA
| | - Amanda L. Paskavitz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , University of Massachusetts Medical School , 394 Plantation St. , Worcester , MA 01605 , USA .
| | - Joseph B. Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , University of Massachusetts Medical School , 394 Plantation St. , Worcester , MA 01605 , USA .
| | - Teresita Padilla-Benavides
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , University of Massachusetts Medical School , 394 Plantation St. , Worcester , MA 01605 , USA .
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30
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Kline CD, Gambill BF, Mayfield M, Lutsenko S, Blackburn NJ. pH-regulated metal-ligand switching in the HM loop of ATP7A: a new paradigm for metal transfer chemistry. Metallomics 2017; 8:729-33. [PMID: 27242196 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00062b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cuproproteins such as PHM and DBM mature in late endosomal vesicles of the mammalian secretory pathway where changes in vesicle pH are employed for sorting and post-translational processing. Colocation with the P1B-type ATPase ATP7A suggests that the latter is the source of copper and supports a mechanism where selectivity in metal transfer is achieved by spatial colocation of partner proteins in their specific organelles or vesicles. In previous work we have suggested that a lumenal loop sequence located between trans-membrane helices TM1 and TM2 of the ATPase, and containing five histidines and four methionines, acts as an organelle-specific chaperone for metallation of the cuproproteins. The hypothesis posits that the pH of the vesicle regulates copper ligation and loop conformation via a mechanism which involves His to Met ligand switching induced by histidine protonation. Here we report the effect of pH on the HM loop copper coordination using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and show via selenium substitution of the Met residues that the HM loop undergoes similar conformational switching to that found earlier for its partner PHM. We hypothesize that in the absence of specific chaperones, HM motifs provide a template for building a flexible, pH-sensitive transfer site whose structure and function can be regulated to accommodate the different active site structural elements and pH environments of its partner proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsey D Kline
- Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.
| | - Benjamin F Gambill
- Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.
| | - Mary Mayfield
- Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Ninian J Blackburn
- Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.
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31
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Mondal S, Manna SK, Maiti K, Maji R, Ali SS, Manna S, Mandal S, Uddin MR, Mahapatra AK. Phenanthroline-fluorescein molecular hybrid as a ratiometric and selective fluorescent chemosensor for Cu2+ via FRET strategy: synthesis, computational studies and in vitro applications. Supramol Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2017.1301452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanchita Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, India
| | - Saikat Kumar Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, India
| | - Kalipada Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, India
| | - Rajkishor Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, India
| | - Syed Samim Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, India
| | - Srimanta Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, India
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Md Raihan Uddin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Mahapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, India
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32
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Hatori Y, Inouye S, Akagi R. Thiol-based copper handling by the copper chaperone Atox1. IUBMB Life 2017; 69:246-254. [PMID: 28294521 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human antioxidant protein 1 (Atox1) plays a crucial role in cellular copper homeostasis. Atox1 captures cytosolic copper for subsequent transfer to copper pumps in trans Golgi network, thereby facilitating copper supply to various copper-dependent oxidereductases matured within the secretory vesicles. Atox1 and other copper chaperones handle cytosolic copper using Cys thiols which are ideal ligands for coordinating Cu(I). Recent studies demonstrated reversible oxidation of these Cys residues in copper chaperones, linking cellular redox state to copper homeostasis. Highlighted in this review are unique redox properties of Atox1 and other copper chaperones. Also, summarized are the redox nodes in the cytosol which potentially play dominant roles in the redox regulation of copper chaperones. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 69(4):246-254, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Hatori
- Department of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Yasuhigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sachiye Inouye
- Department of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Yasuhigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Reiko Akagi
- Department of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Yasuhigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
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34
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Argüello JM, Patel SJ, Quintana J. Bacterial Cu(+)-ATPases: models for molecular structure-function studies. Metallomics 2016; 8:906-14. [PMID: 27465346 PMCID: PMC5025381 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00089d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The early discovery of the human Cu(+)-ATPases and their link to Menkes and Wilson's diseases brought attention to the unique role of these transporters in copper homeostasis. The characterization of bacterial Cu(+)-ATPases has significantly furthered our understanding of the structure, selectivity and transport mechanism of these enzymes, as well as their interplay with other elements of Cu(+) distribution networks. This review focuses on the structural-functional insights that have emerged from studies of bacterial Cu(+)-ATPases at the molecular level and how these observations have contributed to drawing up a comprehensive picture of cellular copper homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Argüello
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA.
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35
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Mancini S, Kumar R, Abicht HK, Fischermeier E, Solioz M. Copper resistance and its regulation in the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfosporosinus sp. OT. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2016; 162:684-693. [PMID: 26873027 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Desulfosporosinus sp. OT is a Gram-positive, acidophilic sulfate-reducing firmicute isolated from copper tailings sediment in the Norilsk mining-smelting area in Siberia and represents the first Desulfosporosinus species whose genome has been sequenced. Desulfosporosinus sp. OT is exceptionally copper resistant, which made it of interest to study the resistance mechanism. It possesses a copUAZ operon which is shown here to be involved in copper resistance. The copU gene encodes a CsoR-type homotetrameric repressor. By electrophoretic mobility shift assay, it was shown that CopU binds to the operator/promoter region of the copUAZ operon in the absence of copper and is released from the DNA by Cu+ or Ag+, implying that CopU regulates the operon in a copper/silver-dependent manner. DOT_CopA is a P1B-type ATPase related to other characterized, bacterial copper ATPases. When expressed in a copper-sensitive Escherichia coli ΔcopA mutant, it restores copper resistance to WT levels. His-tagged DOT_CopA was expressed from a plasmid in E. coli and purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The purified enzyme was most active in the presence of Cu(I) and bacterial phospholipids. These findings indicate that the copUAZ operon confers copper resistance to Desulfosporosinus sp. OT, but do not per se explain the basis of the high copper resistance of this strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mancini
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ranjeet Kumar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Helge K Abicht
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Marc Solioz
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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36
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Niemiec MS, Dingeldein APG, Wittung-Stafshede P. Enthalpy-entropy compensation at play in human copper ion transfer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10518. [PMID: 26013029 PMCID: PMC4444973 DOI: 10.1038/srep10518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element but toxic in free form. After cell uptake, Cu is transferred, via direct protein-protein interactions, from the chaperone Atox1 to the Wilson disease protein (WD) for incorporation into Cu-dependent enzymes. Cu binds to a conserved C(1)XXC(2) motif in the chaperone as well as in each of the cytoplasmic metal-binding domains of WD. Here, we dissect mechanism and thermodynamics of Cu transfer from Atox1 to the fourth metal binding domain of WD. Using chromatography and calorimetry together with single Cys-to-Ala variants, we demonstrate that Cu-dependent protein heterocomplexes require the presence of C(1) but not C(2). Comparison of thermodynamic parameters for mutant versus wild type reactions reveals that the wild type reaction involves strong entropy-enthalpy compensation. This property is explained by a dynamic inter-conversion of Cu-Cys coordinations in the wild type ensemble and may provide functional advantage by protecting against Cu mis-ligation and bypassing enthalpic traps.
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37
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Ahuja A, Dev K, Tanwar RS, Selwal KK, Tyagi PK. Copper mediated neurological disorder: visions into amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer and Menkes disease. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 29:11-23. [PMID: 24975171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a vital redox dynamic metal that is possibly poisonous in superfluous. Metals can traditionally or intricately cause propagation in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accretion in cells and this may effect in programmed cell death. Accumulation of Cu causes necrosis that looks to be facilitated by DNA damage, followed by activation of P53. Cu dyshomeostasis has also been concerned in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or Menkes disease and is directly related to neurodegenerative syndrome that usually produces senile dementia. These mortal syndromes are closely related with an immense damage of neurons and synaptic failure in the brain. This review focuses on copper mediated neurological disorders with insights into amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer and Menkes disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anami Ahuja
- Department of Biotechnology, NIMS University, Jaipur, India.
| | - Kapil Dev
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, University of Charles, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ranjeet S Tanwar
- Department of Biotechnology, N.C. College of Engineering, Israna, India
| | - Krishan K Selwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, India
| | - Pankaj K Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, India
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38
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Metal ion homeostasis in Listeria monocytogenes and importance in host-pathogen interactions. Adv Microb Physiol 2014; 65:83-123. [PMID: 25476765 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is responsible for one of the most life-threatening food-borne infections and the leading cause of food-poisoning associated deaths in the UK. Infection may be of the unborn/newly born infant where disease may manifest as listeric abortion, stillbirth or late-onset neonatal listeriosis, while in adults, infection usually affects the central nervous system causing meningitis. Crucial to the survival of L. monocytogenes, both inside and outside the host, is its ability to acquire metals which act as cofactors for a broad range of its cellular proteins. However, L. monocytogenes must also protect itself against the innate toxicity of metals. The importance of metals in host-pathogen interactions is illustrated by the restriction of metals (including zinc and iron) in vertebrates in response to infection and the use of high levels of metals (copper and zinc) as part of the antimicrobial defences within host phagocytes. As such, L. monocytogenes is equipped with various mechanisms to tightly control its cellular metal pools and avoid metal poisoning. These include multiple DNA-binding metal-responsive transcription factors, metal-acquisition, metal-detoxification and metal-storage systems, some of which represent key L. monocytogenes virulence determinants. This review discusses current knowledge of the role of metals in L. monocytogenes infections, with a focus on the mechanisms that contribute to zinc and copper homeostasis in this organism. The requirement to precisely control cellular metal levels may impose a vulnerability to L. monocytogenes which can be exploited in antimicrobials and therapeutics.
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39
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Copper: toxicological relevance and mechanisms. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:1929-38. [PMID: 25199685 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1355-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a vital mineral essential for many biological processes. The vast majority of all Cu in healthy humans is associated with enzyme prosthetic groups or bound to proteins. Cu homeostasis is tightly regulated through a complex system of Cu transporters and chaperone proteins. Excess or toxicity of Cu, which is associated with the pathogenesis of hepatic disorder, neurodegenerative changes and other disease conditions, can occur when Cu homeostasis is disrupted. The capacity to initiate oxidative damage is most commonly attributed to Cu-induced cellular toxicity. Recently, altered cellular events, including lipid metabolism, gene expression, alpha-synuclein aggregation, activation of acidic sphingomyelinase and release of ceramide, and temporal and spatial distribution of Cu in hepatocytes, as well as Cu-protein interaction in the nerve system, have been suggested to play a role in Cu toxicity. However, whether these changes are independent of, or secondary to, an altered cellular redox state of Cu remain to be elucidated.
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40
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Blackburn NJ, Yan N, Lutsenko S. Copper in Eukaryotes. BINDING, TRANSPORT AND STORAGE OF METAL IONS IN BIOLOGICAL CELLS 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849739979-00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Copper is essential for normal growth and development of eukaryotic organisms. Numerous physiological processes rely on sufficient availability of copper: from indispensable reactions such as mitochondrial respiration to more highly specialized processes such as pigment development in a skin. Copper misbalance has been linked to a variety of metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders in humans. Complex cellular machinery has evolved to mediate copper uptake, compartmentalization and incorporation into target proteins. Extensive studies revealed a predominant utilization of methionines and histidines by copper handling molecules for copper capture at the extracellular surface and delivery to cuproenzymes in the lumen of cellular compartments, respectively. Cu(I) is a predominant form within the cell, and copper binding and distribution inside the cell at the cytosolic sites relies heavily on cysteines. The selectivity and directionality of copper transfer reactions is determined by thermodynamic and kinetic factors as well as spatial distribution of copper donors and acceptors. In this chapter, we review current structural and mechanistic data on copper transport and distribution in yeast and mammalian cells and highlight important issues and questions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninian J. Blackburn
- Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health and Sciences University Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Nan Yan
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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41
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T versus D in the MTCXXC motif of copper transport proteins plays a role in directional metal transport. J Biol Inorg Chem 2014; 19:1037-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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42
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Galliani A, Losacco M, Lasorsa A, Natile G, Arnesano F. Cisplatin handover between copper transporters: the effect of reducing agents. J Biol Inorg Chem 2014; 19:705-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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43
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He JL, Zhu SL, Wu P, Li PP, Li T, Cao Z. Enzymatic cascade based fluorescent DNAzyme machines for the ultrasensitive detection of Cu(II) ions. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 60:112-7. [PMID: 24787125 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel enzymatic cascade based fluorescent DNAzyme machine has been developed for the amplified detection of copper (Cu(2+)) ions. This is the first attempt to carry out the combination of the self-cleaving DNAzyme and the polymerase/endonuclease reaction cycles involving cleaved substrate extension. In the presence of Cu(2+) ions, the enzyme strand carries out catalytic reactions to hydrolytic cleavage of the substrate strand. The cleaved DNAzyme substrates act as primers and trigger the Klenow Fragment polymerization. Nb.BbvCI endonuclease cuts the double-stranded niking site and thus opens a new site for a new replication. The replication regenerates the complete dsDNA to initiate another cycle of nicking, polymerization and displacement. Finally the fluorescence dye, SG, inserts into the DNA double helix to generate a distinguishable fluorescence enhancement. The Cu(2+) ions act as the activator for enzymatic cascade amplification generating multiple duplex structures in the nascent product. An increasing fluorescence is observed with increasing Cu(2+) ions concentration. A good nonlinear correlation (R=0.9997) was obtained between fluorescence intensity and the cubic logarithm of the Cu(2+) ions concentration over the range 0.50-200 nM. This nonlinear response phenomenon results in an efficient improvement of the sensitivity of our current proposed assay. The activation of such enzymatic cascades through analyte-DNAzyme interactions is not only valuable to activate the cooperation of enzyme networks, but also has a substantial impact on the development of amplified DNAzyme sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Lin He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China.
| | - Shuang-Li Zhu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China
| | - Ping Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China
| | - Pan-Pan Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China
| | - Ting Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China
| | - Zhong Cao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China.
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Öhrvik H, Thiele DJ. The role of Ctr1 and Ctr2 in mammalian copper homeostasis and platinum-based chemotherapy. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2014; 31:178-82. [PMID: 24703712 PMCID: PMC4175275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential metal for growth and development that has the potential to be toxic if levels accumulate beyond the ability of cells to homeostatically balance uptake with detoxification. One system for Cu acquisition is the integral membrane Cu(+) transporter, Ctr1, which has been quite well characterized in terms of its function and physiology. The mammalian Ctr2 protein has been a conundrum for the copper field, as it is structurally closely related to the high affinity Cu transporter Ctr1, sharing important motifs for Cu transport activity. However, in contrast to mammalian Ctr1, Ctr2 fails to suppress the Cu-dependent growth phenotype of yeast cells defective in Cu(+) import, nor does it appreciably stimulate Cu acquisition when over-expressed in mammalian cells, underscoring important functional dissimilarities between the two proteins. Several roles for the mammalian Ctr2 have been suggested both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we summarize and discuss current insights into the Ctr2 protein and its interaction with Ctr1, its functions in mammalian Cu homeostasis and platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Öhrvik
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Dennis J Thiele
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Wang CY, Xie JW, Xu Y, Wang T, Cai JH, Wang X, Zhao BL, An L, Wang ZY. Trientine reduces BACE1 activity and mitigates amyloidosis via the AGE/RAGE/NF-κB pathway in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:2024-39. [PMID: 23541064 PMCID: PMC3869419 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS There is mounting evidence that the transition metal copper may play an important role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Triethylene tetramine dihydrochloride (trientine), a CuII-selective chelator, is a commonly used treatment for Wilson's disease to decrease accumulated copper, and thereby decreases oxidative stress. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of a 3-month treatment course of trientine (Trien) on amyloidosis in 7-month-old β-amyloid (Aβ) precursor protein and presenilin-1 (APP/PS1) double transgenic (Tg) AD model mice. RESULTS We observed that Trien reduced the level of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and decreased Aβ deposition and synapse loss in brain of APP/PS1 mice. Importantly, we found that Trien blocked the receptor for AGEs (RAGE), downregulated β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), inhibited amyloidogenic APP cleavage, and subsequently reduced Aβ levels. In vitro, in SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing Swedish mutant APP, Trien-mediated downregulation of BACE1 occurred via inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. INNOVATION In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that Trien inhibited amyloidogenic pathway including targeting the downregulation of RAGE and NF-κB. CONCLUSION Trien might mitigate amyloidosis in AD by inhibiting the RAGE/NF-κB/BACE1 pathway. Our study demonstrates that Trien may be a viable therapeutic strategy for the intervention and treatment of AD and other AD-like pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Wang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of China, Department of Pathophysiology, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Chen P, Keller AM, Joshi CP, Martell DJ, Andoy NM, Benítez JJ, Chen TY, Santiago AG, Yang F. Single-molecule dynamics and mechanisms of metalloregulators and metallochaperones. Biochemistry 2013; 52:7170-83. [PMID: 24053279 DOI: 10.1021/bi400597v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how cells regulate and transport metal ions is an important goal in the field of bioinorganic chemistry, a frontier research area that resides at the interface of chemistry and biology. This Current Topic reviews recent advances from the authors' group in using single-molecule fluorescence imaging techniques to identify the mechanisms of metal homeostatic proteins, including metalloregulators and metallochaperones. It emphasizes the novel mechanistic insights into how dynamic protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions offer efficient pathways via which MerR-family metalloregulators and copper chaperones can fulfill their functions. This work also summarizes other related single-molecule studies of bioinorganic systems and provides an outlook toward single-molecule imaging of metalloprotein functions in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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47
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Tümer Z. An overview and update of ATP7A mutations leading to Menkes disease and occipital horn syndrome. Hum Mutat 2013; 34:417-29. [PMID: 23281160 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Menkes disease (MD) is a lethal multisystemic disorder of copper metabolism. Progressive neurodegeneration and connective tissue disturbances, together with the peculiar "kinky" hair, are the main manifestations. MD is inherited as an X-linked recessive trait, and as expected the vast majority of patients are males. MD occurs because of mutations in the ATP7A gene and the vast majority of ATP7A mutations are intragenic mutations or partial gene deletions. ATP7A is an energy-dependent transmembrane protein, which is involved in the delivery of copper to the secreted copper enzymes and in the export of surplus copper from cells. Severely affected MD patients die usually before the third year of life. A cure for the disease does not exist, but very early copper-histidine treatment may correct some of the neurological symptoms. This study reviews 274 published and 18 novel disease causing mutations identified in 370 unrelated MD patients, nonpathogenic variants of ATP7A, functional studies of the ATP7A mutations, and animal models of MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Tümer
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.
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Abstract
The immunomodulatory and antimicrobial properties of zinc and copper have long been appreciated. In addition, these metal ions are also essential for microbial growth and survival. This presents opportunities for the host to either harness their antimicrobial properties or limit their availability as defence strategies. Recent studies have shed some light on mechanisms by which copper and zinc regulation contribute to host defence, but there remain many unanswered questions at the cellular and molecular levels. Here we review the roles of these two metal ions in providing protection against infectious diseases in vivo, and in regulating innate immune responses. In particular, we focus on studies implicating zinc and copper in macrophage antimicrobial pathways, as well as the specific host genes encoding zinc transporters (SLC30A, SLC39A family members) and CTRs (copper transporters, ATP7 family members) that may contribute to pathogen control by these cells.
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Nilsson L, Ådén J, Niemiec MS, Nam K, Wittung-Stafshede P. Small pH and Salt Variations Radically Alter the Thermal Stability of Metal-Binding Domains in the Copper Transporter, Wilson Disease Protein. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:13038-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jp402415y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Nilsson
- Chemistry
Department and ‡Computational Life Science Center (CLiC), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Ådén
- Chemistry
Department and ‡Computational Life Science Center (CLiC), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Moritz S. Niemiec
- Chemistry
Department and ‡Computational Life Science Center (CLiC), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kwangho Nam
- Chemistry
Department and ‡Computational Life Science Center (CLiC), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
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Christiansen A, Wang Q, Cheung MS, Wittung-Stafshede P. Effects of macromolecular crowding agents on protein folding in vitro and in silico. Biophys Rev 2013; 5:137-145. [PMID: 28510156 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-013-0108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins fold and function inside cells which are environments very different from that of dilute buffer solutions most often used in traditional experiments. The crowded milieu results in excluded-volume effects, increased bulk viscosity and amplified chances for inter-molecular interactions. These environmental factors have not been accounted for in most mechanistic studies of protein folding executed during the last decades. The question thus arises as to how these effects-present when polypeptides normally fold in vivo-modulate protein biophysics. To address excluded volume effects, we use synthetic macromolecular crowding agents, which take up significant volume but do not interact with proteins, in combination with strategically selected proteins and a range of equilibrium and time-resolved biophysical (spectroscopic and computational) methods. In this review, we describe key observations on macromolecular crowding effects on protein stability, folding and structure drawn from combined in vitro and in silico studies. As expected based on Minton's early predictions, many proteins (apoflavodoxin, VlsE, cytochrome c, and S16) became more thermodynamically stable (magnitude depends inversely on protein stability in buffer) and, unexpectedly, for apoflavodoxin and VlsE, the folded states changed both secondary structure content and, for VlsE, overall shape in the presence of macromolecular crowding. For apoflavodoxin and cytochrome c, which have complex kinetic folding mechanisms, excluded volume effects made the folding energy landscapes smoother (i.e., less misfolding and/or kinetic heterogeneity) than in buffer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Margaret S Cheung
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
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