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Liu H, Hu Y, Liu Y, Hu R, Wu X, Li B. A review of recent advances in biomedical applications of smart cellulose-based hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127149. [PMID: 37778583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
In biomedical engineering, smart materials act as media to communicate physiological signals inspired by environmentally responsive stimuli with outer indicators for timely scrutiny and precise therapy. Various physical and chemical processes are applied in the design of specific smart functions. Hydrogels are polymeric networks consisting of hydrophilic chains and chemical groups and they have contributed their unique features in biomedical application as one of the most used smart materials. Numerous raw materials can form hydrogels, in which cellulose and its derivatives have been extensively exploited in biomedicine due to their high hydrophilicity, availability, renewability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and multifunctional reactivity. This review collates cellulose-based hydrogels and their extensive applications in the biomedical domain, specifically benefiting from the "SMART" concept in their design, synthesis and device assembly. The first section discusses the physical and chemical crosslinking and electrospinning techniques used in the fabrication of smart cellulose-based hydrogels. The second section describes the performance of these hydrogels, and the final section is a comprehensive discussion of their biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Liu
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yingyu Liu
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China; Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xiuping Wu
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China.
| | - Bing Li
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
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Wang W, Zhou X, Yin Z, Yu X. Fabrication and Evaluation of Porous dECM/PCL Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:343. [PMID: 37504838 PMCID: PMC10381742 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14070343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Porous scaffolds play a crucial role in bone tissue regeneration and have been extensively investigated in this field. By incorporating a decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) onto tissue-engineered scaffolds, bone regeneration can be enhanced by replicating the molecular complexity of native bone tissue. However, the exploration of porous scaffolds with anisotropic channels and the effects of dECM on these scaffolds for bone cells and mineral deposition remains limited. To address this gap, we developed a porous polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold with anisotropic channels and functionalized it with dECM to capture the critical physicochemical properties of native bone tissue, promoting osteoblast cells' proliferation, differentiation, biomineralization, and osteogenesis. Our results demonstrated the successful fabrication of porous dECM/PCL scaffolds with multiple channel sizes for bone regeneration. The incorporation of 100 μm grid-based channels facilitated improved nutrient and oxygen infiltration, while the porous structure created using 30 mg/mL of sodium chloride significantly enhanced the cells' attachment and proliferation. Notably, the mechanical properties of the scaffolds closely resembled those of human bone tissue. Furthermore, compared with pure PCL scaffolds, the presence of dECM on the scaffolds substantially enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells. Moreover, dECM significantly increased mineral deposition on the scaffold. Overall, the dECM/PCL scaffold holds significant potential as an alternative bone graft substitute for repairing bone injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Xiaqing Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Zhuozhuo Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
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3
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Laubach M, Kobbe P, Hutmacher DW. Biodegradable interbody cages for lumbar spine fusion: Current concepts and future directions. Biomaterials 2022; 288:121699. [PMID: 35995620 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lumbar fusion often remains the last treatment option for various acute and chronic spinal conditions, including infectious and degenerative diseases. Placement of a cage in the intervertebral space has become a routine clinical treatment for spinal fusion surgery to provide sufficient biomechanical stability, which is required to achieve bony ingrowth of the implant. Routinely used cages for clinical application are made of titanium (Ti) or polyetheretherketone (PEEK). Ti has been used since the 1980s; however, its shortcomings, such as impaired radiographical opacity and higher elastic modulus compared to bone, have led to the development of PEEK cages, which are associated with reduced stress shielding as well as no radiographical artefacts. Since PEEK is bioinert, its osteointegration capacity is limited, which in turn enhances fibrotic tissue formation and peri-implant infections. To address shortcomings of both of these biomaterials, interdisciplinary teams have developed biodegradable cages. Rooted in promising preclinical large animal studies, a hollow cylindrical cage (Hydrosorb™) made of 70:30 poly-l-lactide-co-d, l-lactide acid (PLDLLA) was clinically studied. However, reduced bony integration and unfavourable long-term clinical outcomes prohibited its routine clinical application. More recently, scaffold-guided bone regeneration (SGBR) with application of highly porous biodegradable constructs is emerging. Advancements in additive manufacturing technology now allow the cage designs that match requirements, such as stiffness of surrounding tissues, while providing long-term biomechanical stability. A favourable clinical outcome has been observed in the treatment of various bone defects, particularly for 3D-printed composite scaffolds made of medical-grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) in combination with a ceramic filler material. Therefore, advanced cage design made of mPCL and ceramic may also carry initial high spinal forces up to the time of bony fusion and subsequently resorb without clinical side effects. Furthermore, surface modification of implants is an effective approach to simultaneously reduce microbial infection and improve tissue integration. We present a design concept for a scaffold surface which result in osteoconductive and antimicrobial properties that have the potential to achieve higher rates of fusion and less clinical complications. In this review, we explore the preclinical and clinical studies which used bioresorbable cages. Furthermore, we critically discuss the need for a cutting-edge research program that includes comprehensive preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies to enable successful translation from bench to bedside. We develop such a conceptual framework by examining the state-of-the-art literature and posing the questions that will guide this field in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Laubach
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000 Australia; Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling, and Manufacturing (M3D Innovation), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Philipp Kobbe
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000 Australia; Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling, and Manufacturing (M3D Innovation), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; Max Planck Queensland Center for the Materials Science of Extracellular Matrices, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
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4
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Kim YH, Oreffo ROC, Dawson JI. From hurdle to springboard: The macrophage as target in biomaterial-based bone regeneration strategies. Bone 2022; 159:116389. [PMID: 35301163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has seen a growing appreciation for the role of the innate immune response in mediating repair and biomaterial directed tissue regeneration. The long-held view of the host immune/inflammatory response as an obstacle limiting stem cell regenerative activity, has given way to a fresh appreciation of the pivotal role the macrophage plays in orchestrating the resolution of inflammation and launching the process of remodelling and repair. In the context of bone, work over the past decade has established an essential coordinating role for macrophages in supporting bone repair and sustaining biomaterial driven osteogenesis. In this review evidence for the role of the macrophage in bone regeneration and repair is surveyed before discussing recent biomaterial and drug-delivery based approaches that target macrophage modulation with the goal of accelerating and enhancing bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Hee Kim
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells & Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Richard O C Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells & Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Jonathan I Dawson
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells & Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
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Mackay BS, Marshall K, Grant-Jacob JA, Kanczler J, Eason RW, Oreffo ROC, Mills B. The future of bone regeneration: integrating AI into tissue engineering. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2021; 7. [PMID: 34271556 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ac154f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a branch of regenerative medicine that harnesses biomaterial and stem cell research to utilise the body's natural healing responses to regenerate tissue and organs. There remain many unanswered questions in tissue engineering, with optimal biomaterial designs still to be developed and a lack of adequate stem cell knowledge limiting successful application. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI), and deep learning specifically, offer the potential to improve both scientific understanding and clinical outcomes in regenerative medicine. With enhanced perception of how to integrate artificial intelligence into current research and clinical practice, AI offers an invaluable tool to improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benita S Mackay
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Marshall
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6HW, United Kingdom
| | - James A Grant-Jacob
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Janos Kanczler
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6HW, United Kingdom
| | - Robert W Eason
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.,Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard O C Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6HW, United Kingdom.,Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Mills
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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Verboket RD, Irrle T, Busche Y, Schaible A, Schröder K, Brune JC, Marzi I, Nau C, Henrich D. Fibrous Demineralized Bone Matrix (DBM) Improves Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell (BMC)-Supported Bone Healing in Large Femoral Bone Defects in Rats. Cells 2021; 10:1249. [PMID: 34069404 PMCID: PMC8158746 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of large bone defects is a major objective in trauma surgery. Bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMC)-supported bone healing was shown to be efficient after immobilization on a scaffold. We hypothesized that fibrous demineralized bone matrix (DBM) in various forms with BMCs is superior to granular DBM. A total of 65 male SD rats were assigned to five treatment groups: syngenic cancellous bone (SCB), fibrous demineralized bone matrix (f-DBM), fibrous demineralized bone matrix densely packed (f-DBM 120%), DBM granules (GDBM) and DBM granules 5% calcium phosphate (GDBM5%Ca2+). BMCs from donor rats were combined with different scaffolds and placed into 5 mm femoral bone defects. After 8 weeks, bone mineral density (BMD), biomechanical stability and histology were assessed. Similar biomechanical properties of f-DBM and SCB defects were observed. Similar bone and cartilage formation was found in all groups, but a significantly bigger residual defect size was found in GDBM. High bone healing scores were found in f-DBM (25) and SCB (25). The application of DBM in fiber form combined with the application of BMCs shows promising results comparable to the gold standard, syngenic cancellous bone. Denser packing of fibers or higher amount of calcium phosphate has no positive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- René D. Verboket
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (T.I.); (Y.B.); (A.S.); (I.M.); (C.N.); (D.H.)
| | - Tanja Irrle
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (T.I.); (Y.B.); (A.S.); (I.M.); (C.N.); (D.H.)
| | - Yannic Busche
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (T.I.); (Y.B.); (A.S.); (I.M.); (C.N.); (D.H.)
| | - Alexander Schaible
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (T.I.); (Y.B.); (A.S.); (I.M.); (C.N.); (D.H.)
| | - Katrin Schröder
- Center of Physiology, Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Jan C. Brune
- German Institute for Cell- and Tissue Replacement (DIZG, gemeinnützige GmbH), 12555 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (T.I.); (Y.B.); (A.S.); (I.M.); (C.N.); (D.H.)
| | - Christoph Nau
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (T.I.); (Y.B.); (A.S.); (I.M.); (C.N.); (D.H.)
| | - Dirk Henrich
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (T.I.); (Y.B.); (A.S.); (I.M.); (C.N.); (D.H.)
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Zhang T, Wei Q, Zhou H, Jing Z, Liu X, Zheng Y, Cai H, Wei F, Jiang L, Yu M, Cheng Y, Fan D, Zhou W, Lin X, Leng H, Li J, Li X, Wang C, Tian Y, Liu Z. Three-dimensional-printed individualized porous implants: A new "implant-bone" interface fusion concept for large bone defect treatment. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3659-3670. [PMID: 33898870 PMCID: PMC8056181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone defect repairs are based on bone graft fusion or replacement. Current large bone defect treatments are inadequate and lack of reliable technology. Therefore, we aimed to investigate a simple technique using three-dimensional (3D)-printed individualized porous implants without any bone grafts, osteoinductive agents, or surface biofunctionalization to treat large bone defects, and systematically study its long-term therapeutic effects and osseointegration characteristics. Twenty-six patients with large bone defects caused by tumor, infection, or trauma received treatment with individualized porous implants; among them, three typical cases underwent a detailed study. Additionally, a large segmental femur defect sheep model was used to study the osseointegration characteristics. Immediate and long-term biomechanical stability was achieved, and the animal study revealed that the bone grew into the pores with gradual remodeling, resulting in a long-term mechanically stable implant-bone complex. Advantages of 3D-printed microporous implants for the repair of bone defects included 1) that the stabilization devices were immediately designed and constructed to achieve early postoperative mobility, and 2) that osseointegration between the host bone and implants was achieved without bone grafting. Our osseointegration method, in which the “implant-bone” interface fusion concept was used instead of “bone-bone” fusion, subverts the traditional idea of osseointegration. A new “implant-bone” interface fusion concept for large bone defect treatment was realized using 3D-printed porous implants. Osseointegration was achieved without bone grafting. An animal study revealed that the bone grew into the pores with gradual remodeling. Immediate and long-term biomechanical stability was achieved by this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingguang Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehao Jing
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoyang Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, Northwest Institute for Non-ferrous Metal Research, Xi'an, 710016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhong Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijie Leng
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Beijing AKEC Medical Company Ltd., Beijing, 102200, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Beijing AKEC Medical Company Ltd., Beijing, 102200, People's Republic of China
| | - Caimei Wang
- Beijing AKEC Medical Company Ltd., Beijing, 102200, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
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8
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Charbonnier B, Hadida M, Marchat D. Additive manufacturing pertaining to bone: Hopes, reality and future challenges for clinical applications. Acta Biomater 2021; 121:1-28. [PMID: 33271354 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For the past 20 years, the democratization of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies has made many of us dream of: low cost, waste-free, and on-demand production of functional parts; fully customized tools; designs limited by imagination only, etc. As every patient is unique, the potential of AM for the medical field is thought to be considerable: AM would allow the division of dedicated patient-specific healthcare solutions entirely adapted to the patients' clinical needs. Pertinently, this review offers an extensive overview of bone-related clinical applications of AM and ongoing research trends, from 3D anatomical models for patient and student education to ephemeral structures supporting and promoting bone regeneration. Today, AM has undoubtably improved patient care and should facilitate many more improvements in the near future. However, despite extensive research, AM-based strategies for bone regeneration remain the only bone-related field without compelling clinical proof of concept to date. This may be due to a lack of understanding of the biological mechanisms guiding and promoting bone formation and due to the traditional top-down strategies devised to solve clinical issues. Indeed, the integrated holistic approach recommended for the design of regenerative systems (i.e., fixation systems and scaffolds) has remained at the conceptual state. Challenged by these issues, a slower but incremental research dynamic has occurred for the last few years, and recent progress suggests notable improvement in the years to come, with in view the development of safe, robust and standardized patient-specific clinical solutions for the regeneration of large bone defects.
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Terauchi M, Tamura A, Arisaka Y, Masuda H, Yoda T, Yui N. Cyclodextrin-Based Supramolecular Complexes of Osteoinductive Agents for Dental Tissue Regeneration. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:136. [PMID: 33494320 PMCID: PMC7911178 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral tissue regeneration has received growing attention for improving the quality of life of patients. Regeneration of oral tissues such as alveolar bone and widely defected bone has been extensively investigated, including regenerative treatment of oral tissues using therapeutic cells and growth factors. Additionally, small-molecule drugs that promote bone formation have been identified and tested as new regenerative treatment. However, treatments need to progress to realize successful regeneration of oral functions. In this review, we describe recent progress in development of regenerative treatment of oral tissues. In particular, we focus on cyclodextrin (CD)-based pharmaceutics and polyelectrolyte complexation of growth factors to enhance their solubility, stability, and bioactivity. CDs can encapsulate hydrophobic small-molecule drugs into their cavities, resulting in inclusion complexes. The inclusion complexation of osteoinductive small-molecule drugs improves solubility of the drugs in aqueous solutions and increases in vitro osteogenic differentiation efficiency. Additionally, various anionic polymers such as heparin and its mimetic polymers have been developed to improve stability and bioactivity of growth factors. These polymers protect growth factors from deactivation and degradation by complex formation through electrostatic interaction, leading to potentiation of bone formation ability. These approaches using an inclusion complex and polyelectrolyte complexes have great potential in the regeneration of oral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Terauchi
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (M.T.); (H.M.); (T.Y.)
| | - Atsushi Tamura
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan; (Y.A.); (N.Y.)
| | - Yoshinori Arisaka
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan; (Y.A.); (N.Y.)
| | - Hiroki Masuda
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (M.T.); (H.M.); (T.Y.)
| | - Tetsuya Yoda
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (M.T.); (H.M.); (T.Y.)
| | - Nobuhiko Yui
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan; (Y.A.); (N.Y.)
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10
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Use of in vitro bone models to screen for altered bone metabolism, osteopathies, and fracture healing: challenges of complex models. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3937-3958. [PMID: 32910238 PMCID: PMC7655582 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02906-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Approx. every third hospitalized patient in Europe suffers from musculoskeletal injuries or diseases. Up to 20% of these patients need costly surgical revisions after delayed or impaired fracture healing. Reasons for this are the severity of the trauma, individual factors, e.g, the patients’ age, individual lifestyle, chronic diseases, medication, and, over 70 diseases that negatively affect the bone quality. To investigate the various disease constellations and/or develop new treatment strategies, many in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro models can be applied. Analyzing these various models more closely, it is obvious that many of them have limits and/or restrictions. Undoubtedly, in vivo models most completely represent the biological situation. Besides possible species-specific differences, ethical concerns may question the use of in vivo models especially for large screening approaches. Challenging whether ex vivo or in vitro bone models can be used as an adequate replacement for such screenings, we here summarize the advantages and challenges of frequently used ex vivo and in vitro bone models to study disturbed bone metabolism and fracture healing. Using own examples, we discuss the common challenge of cell-specific normalization of data obtained from more complex in vitro models as one example of the analytical limits which lower the full potential of these complex model systems.
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11
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Material-Dependent Formation and Degradation of Bone Matrix-Comparison of Two Cryogels. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7020052. [PMID: 32517006 PMCID: PMC7378764 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryogels represent ideal carriers for bone tissue engineering. We recently described the osteogenic potential of cryogels with different protein additives, e.g., platelet-rich plasma (PRP). However, these scaffolds raised concerns as different toxic substances are required for their preparation. Therefore, we developed another gelatin (GEL)-based cryogel. This study aimed to compare the two scaffolds regarding their physical characteristics and their influence on osteogenic and osteoclastic cells. Compared to the PRP scaffolds, GEL scaffolds had both larger pores and thicker walls, resulting in a lower connective density. PRP scaffolds, with crystalized calcium phosphates on the surface, were significantly stiffer but less mineralized than GEL scaffolds with hydroxyapatite incorporated within the matrix. The GEL scaffolds favored adherence and proliferation of the osteogenic SCP-1 and SaOS-2 cells. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels seemed to be induced by GEL scaffolds. Levels of other osteoblast and osteoclast markers were comparable between the two scaffolds. After 14 days, mineral content and stiffness of the cryogels were increased by SCP-1 and SaOS-2 cells, especially of PRP scaffolds. THP-1 cell-derived osteoclastic cells only reduced mineral content and stiffness of PRP cryogels. In summary, both scaffolds present powerful advantages; however, the possibility to altered mineral content and stiffness may be decisive when it comes to using PRP or GEL scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
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Cidonio G, Glinka M, Kim YH, Kanczler JM, Lanham SA, Ahlfeld T, Lode A, Dawson JI, Gelinsky M, Oreffo ROC. Nanoclay-based 3D printed scaffolds promote vascular ingrowth ex vivo and generate bone mineral tissue in vitro and in vivo. Biofabrication 2020; 12:035010. [PMID: 32259804 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab8753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Acellular soft hydrogels are not ideal for hard tissue engineering given their poor mechanical stability, however, in combination with cellular components offer significant promise for tissue regeneration. Indeed, nanocomposite bioinks provide an attractive platform to deliver human bone marrow stromal cells (HBMSCs) in three dimensions producing cell-laden constructs that aim to facilitate bone repair and functionality. Here we present the in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo investigation of bioprinted HBMSCs encapsulated in a nanoclay-based bioink to produce viable and functional three-dimensional constructs. HBMSC-laden constructs remained viable over 21 d in vitro and immediately functional when conditioned with osteogenic media. 3D scaffolds seeded with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and loaded with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) implanted ex vivo into a chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model showed integration and vascularisation after 7 d of incubation. In a pre-clinical in vivo application of a nanoclay-based bioink to regenerate skeletal tissue, we demonstrated bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) absorbed scaffolds produced extensive mineralisation after 4 weeks (p < 0.0001) compared to the drug-free and alginate controls. In addition, HBMSC-laden 3D printed scaffolds were found to significantly (p < 0.0001) support bone tissue formation in vivo compared to acellular and cast scaffolds. These studies illustrate the potential of nanoclay-based bioink, to produce viable and functional constructs for clinically relevant skeletal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Cidonio
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom. Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Sultana N, Chang HC, Jefferson S, Daniels DE. Application of conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) polymers in potential biomedical engineering. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-020-00485-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Li S, Tallia F, Mohammed AA, Stevens MM, Jones JR. Scaffold channel size influences stem cell differentiation pathway in 3-D printed silica hybrid scaffolds for cartilage regeneration. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:4458-4466. [PMID: 32100748 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01829h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report that 3-D printed scaffold channel size can direct bone marrow derived stem cell differentiation. Treatment of articular cartilage trauma injuries, such as microfracture surgery, have limited success because durability is limited as fibrocartilage forms. A scaffold-assisted approach, combining microfracture with biomaterials has potential if the scaffold can promote articular cartilage production and share load with cartilage. Here, we investigated human bone marrow derived stromal cell (hBMSC) differentiation in vitro in 3-D printed silica/poly(tetrahydrofuran)/poly(ε-caprolactone) hybrid scaffolds with specific channel sizes. Channel widths of ∼230 μm (210 ± 22 μm mean strut size, 42.4 ± 3.9% porosity) provoked hBMSC differentiation down a chondrogenic path, with collagen Type II matrix prevalent, indicative of hyaline cartilage. When pores were larger (∼500 μm, 229 ± 29 μm mean strut size, 63.8 ± 1.6% porosity) collagen Type I was dominant, indicating fibrocartilage. There was less matrix and voids in smaller channels (∼100 μm, 218 ± 28 μm mean strut size, 31.2 ± 2.9% porosity). Our findings suggest that a 200-250 μm pore channel width, in combination with the surface chemistry and stiffness of the scaffold, is optimal for cell-cell interactions to promote chondrogenic differentiation and enable the chondrocytes to maintain their phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Li
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Francesca Tallia
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Ali A Mohammed
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Julian R Jones
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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15
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Thangavelu M, Adithan A, John Peter JS, Hossain MA, Kim NS, Hwang KC, Khang G, Kim JH. Ginseng compound K incorporated porous Chitosan/biphasic calcium phosphate composite microsphere for bone regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 146:1024-1029. [PMID: 31726141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
There is a substantial for the bone graft materials in the clinical field. Porous, stable and biodegradable bone microsphere scaffold using biopolymer chitosan was studied, and biphasic calcium phosphate was added to improve mechanical and osteoconductivity properties later ginseng compound K was added for improving its medicinal properties. They were characterized using FTIR and XRD that showed the apatite crystal in the composite microsphere scaffolds were structurally similar to that of biogenic apatite crystals. Scanning electron microscopy images confirmed the presence of hydroxyapatite on the surface of the composite microspheres. In vitro results infers that the composite microspheres are biocompatible with NIH 3T3 and MG63 cells and capable of supporting growth and spreading of MG-63 cells. Further, Osteogenic markers expression was found to be higher in rat bone marrow stem cells seeded on microsphere scaffolds compared to control. The prepared biocomposite porous microsphere scaffold developed in this study can be used as an alternative for the bone regeneration or bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthukumar Thangavelu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology and Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Aravinthan Adithan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Judith Sharmila John Peter
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Amjad Hossain
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Soo Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Chul Hwang
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gilson Khang
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology and Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
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Häussling V, Deninger S, Vidoni L, Rinderknecht H, Ruoß M, Arnscheidt C, Athanasopulu K, Kemkemer R, Nussler AK, Ehnert S. Impact of Four Protein Additives in Cryogels on Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:E67. [PMID: 31394780 PMCID: PMC6784125 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6030067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (Ad-MSCs) have great potential for bone tissue engineering. Cryogels, mimicking the three-dimensional structure of spongy bone, represent ideal carriers for these cells. We developed poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) cryogels, containing hydroxyapatite to mimic inorganic bone matrix. Cryogels were additionally supplemented with different types of proteins, namely collagen (Coll), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), immune cells-conditioned medium (CM), and RGD peptides (RGD). The different protein components did not affect scaffolds' porosity or water-uptake capacity, but altered pore size and stiffness. Stiffness was highest in scaffolds with PRP (82.3 kPa), followed by Coll (55.3 kPa), CM (45.6 kPa), and RGD (32.8 kPa). Scaffolds with PRP, CM, and Coll had the largest pore diameters (~60 µm). Ad-MSCs were osteogenically differentiated on these scaffolds for 14 days. Cell attachment and survival rates were comparable for all four scaffolds. Runx2 and osteocalcin levels only increased in Ad-MSCs on Coll, PRP and CM cryogels. Osterix levels increased slightly in Ad-MSCs differentiated on Coll and PRP cryogels. With differentiation alkaline phosphatase activity decreased under all four conditions. In summary, besides Coll cryogel our PRP cryogel constitutes as an especially suitable carrier for bone tissue engineering. This is of special interest, as this scaffold can be generated with patients' PRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Häussling
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tuebingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Deninger
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tuebingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Laura Vidoni
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tuebingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Helen Rinderknecht
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tuebingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc Ruoß
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tuebingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Arnscheidt
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tuebingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kiriaki Athanasopulu
- Department of Applied Chemistry Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Kemkemer
- Department of Applied Chemistry Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Andreas K Nussler
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tuebingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Sabrina Ehnert
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tuebingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
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Li JJ, Dunstan CR, Entezari A, Li Q, Steck R, Saifzadeh S, Sadeghpour A, Field JR, Akey A, Vielreicher M, Friedrich O, Roohani‐Esfahani S, Zreiqat H. A Novel Bone Substitute with High Bioactivity, Strength, and Porosity for Repairing Large and Load-Bearing Bone Defects. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801298. [PMID: 30773833 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Achieving adequate healing in large or load-bearing bone defects is highly challenging even with surgical intervention. The clinical standard of repairing bone defects using autografts or allografts has many drawbacks. A bioactive ceramic scaffold, strontium-hardystonite-gahnite or "Sr-HT-Gahnite" (a multi-component, calcium silicate-based ceramic) is developed, which when 3D-printed combines high strength with outstanding bone regeneration ability. In this study, the performance of purely synthetic, 3D-printed Sr-HT-Gahnite scaffolds is assessed in repairing large and load-bearing bone defects. The scaffolds are implanted into critical-sized segmental defects in sheep tibia for 3 and 12 months, with bone autografts used for comparison. The scaffolds induce substantial bone formation and defect bridging after 12 months, as indicated by X-ray, micro-computed tomography, and histological and biomechanical analyses. Detailed analysis of the bone-scaffold interface using focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy and multiphoton microscopy shows scaffold degradation and maturation of the newly formed bone. In silico modeling of strain energy distribution in the scaffolds reveal the importance of surgical fixation and mechanical loading on long-term bone regeneration. The clinical application of 3D-printed Sr-HT-Gahnite scaffolds as a synthetic bone substitute can potentially improve the repair of challenging bone defects and overcome the limitations of bone graft transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Jiao Li
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories Institute of Bone and Joint Research Kolling Institute Northern Sydney Local Health District Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney St Leonards NSW 2065 Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Colin R. Dunstan
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Ali Entezari
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Qing Li
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Roland Steck
- Medical Engineering Research Facility (MERF) Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI) Queensland University of Technology Prince Charles Hospital Campus Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Siamak Saifzadeh
- Medical Engineering Research Facility (MERF) Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI) Queensland University of Technology Prince Charles Hospital Campus Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Ameneh Sadeghpour
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Allegra Orthopaedics Limited Sydney NSW 2000 Australia
| | - John R. Field
- Centre for Orthopaedic Trauma and Research University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5000 Australia
| | - Austin Akey
- Center for Nanoscale Systems Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Martin Vielreicher
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen 91052 Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen 91052 Germany
| | | | - Hala Zreiqat
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
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18
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Yan Y, Cheng B, Chen K, Cui W, Qi J, Li X, Deng L. Enhanced Osteogenesis of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by a Functionalized Silk Fibroin Hydrogel for Bone Defect Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801043. [PMID: 30485718 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) from Bombyx mori is a promising natural material for the synthesis of biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogels for use in biomedical applications from tissue engineering to drug delivery. However, weak gelation performance and the lack of biochemical cues to trigger cell proliferation and differentiation currently significantly limit its application in these areas. Herein, a biofunctional hydrogel containing SF (2.0%) and a small peptide gelator (e.g., NapFFRGD = 1.0 wt%) is generated via cooperative molecular self-assembly. The introduction of NapFFRGD to SF is shown to significantly improve its gelation properties by lowering both its threshold gelation concentration to 2.0% and gelation time to 20 min under physiological conditions (pH = 7.4, 37 °C), as well as functionalizing the SF hydrogel with cell-adhesive motifs (e.g., RGD). Besides mediating cell adhesion, the RGD ligands incorporated within the SF-RGD gel promote the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated within the gel matrix, leading to bone regeneration in a mouse calvarial defect model, compared with a blank SF gel (2.0%, pH = 7.4). This work suggests that SF could be easily tailored with bioactive peptide gelators to afford bioactive hydrogels with favorable microenvironments for tissue regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases; Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology; Shanghai Ruijin Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200025 China
| | - Baochang Cheng
- College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Kaizhe Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases; Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology; Shanghai Ruijin Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200025 China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases; Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology; Shanghai Ruijin Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200025 China
| | - Jin Qi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases; Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology; Shanghai Ruijin Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200025 China
| | - Xinming Li
- College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Lianfu Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases; Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology; Shanghai Ruijin Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200025 China
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Verboket R, Herrera-Vizcaíno C, Thorwart K, Booms P, Bellen M, Al-Maawi S, Sader R, Marzi I, Henrich D, Ghanaati S. Influence of concentration and preparation of platelet rich fibrin on human bone marrow mononuclear cells (in vitro). Platelets 2018; 30:861-870. [PMID: 30359164 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1530346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Large bone defects have always been a big challenge. The use of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) combined with an osteoconductive scaffold has been proved a good alternative for the treatment of large bone defects. Another autologous source for tissue engineering is platelet rich fibrin (PRF). PRF is a blood concentrate system obtained through a one-step centrifugation. The generated 3D matrix of the PRF clot serves as a reservoir of growth factors. Those growth factors might support the regenerative response of BMC, and therefore the effect of PRF, centrifuged with either high medium (208 g) or low (60 g) relative centrifugation force (RCF) on BMCs was evaluated in vitro in the present study. The two PRF matrices obtained were initially characterized and compared to human serum. Significantly increased concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM1) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β were found in PRF compared to human serum whereas VEGF concentration was not significantly altered. A dose-response study revealed no further activation of BMC's metabolic activity, if concentration of both PRF matrices exceeded 10% (v/v). Effect of both PRF preparations [10%] on BMC was analyzed after 2, 7, and 14 days in comparison to human serum [10%]. Metabolic activity of BMC increased significantly in all groups on day 14. Furthermore, gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, -7, and -9 was significantly stimulated in BMC cultivated with the respective PRF matrices compared to human serum. Apoptotic activity of BMC incubated with PRF was not altered compared to BMC cultivated with serum. In conclusion, PRF could be used as a growth factor delivery system of autologous or allogeneic source with the capability of stimulating cells such as BMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Verboket
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Carlos Herrera-Vizcaíno
- Clinic for Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, FORM, Frankfurt Oral Regenerative Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University , Frankfurt Am Main , Germany
| | - Kirsten Thorwart
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Patrick Booms
- Clinic for Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, FORM, Frankfurt Oral Regenerative Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University , Frankfurt Am Main , Germany
| | - Marlene Bellen
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Sarah Al-Maawi
- Clinic for Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, FORM, Frankfurt Oral Regenerative Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University , Frankfurt Am Main , Germany
| | - Robert Sader
- Clinic for Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, FORM, Frankfurt Oral Regenerative Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University , Frankfurt Am Main , Germany
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Dirk Henrich
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Shahram Ghanaati
- Clinic for Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, FORM, Frankfurt Oral Regenerative Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University , Frankfurt Am Main , Germany
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Angiogenic and Osteogenic Synergy of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Cocultured on a Nanomatrix. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15749. [PMID: 30356078 PMCID: PMC6200728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, bone tissue regeneration strategies lack an approach that effectively provides an osteogenic and angiogenic environment conducive to bone growth. In the current study, we evaluated the osteogenic and angiogenic response of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and green fluorescent protein-expressing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (GFP-HUVECs) cocultured on a self-assembled, peptide amphiphile nanomatrix functionalized with the cell adhesive ligand RGDS (PA-RGDS). Analysis of alkaline phosphatase activity, von Kossa staining, Alizarin Red quantification, and osteogenic gene expression, indicates a significant synergistic effect between the PA-RGDS nanomatrix and coculture that promoted hMSC osteogenesis. In addition, coculturing on PA-RGDS resulted in enhanced HUVEC network formation and upregulated vascular endothelial growth factor gene and protein expression. Though PA-RGDS and coculturing hMSCs with HUVECs were each previously reported to individually enhance hMSC osteogenesis, this study is the first to demonstrate a synergistic promotion of HUVEC angiogenesis and hMSC osteogenesis by integrating coculturing with the PA-RGDS nanomatrix. We believe that using the combination of hMSC/HUVEC coculture and PA-RGDS substrate is an efficient method for promoting osteogenesis and angiogenesis, which has immense potential as an efficacious, engineered platform for bone tissue regeneration.
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Xue K, Wang X, Yong PW, Young DJ, Wu YL, Li Z, Loh XJ. Hydrogels as Emerging Materials for Translational Biomedicine. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xue
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering; Agency for Science,; Technology and Research; 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Pei Wern Yong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 9 Engineering Drive 1 Singapore 117575 Singapore
| | - David James Young
- Faculty of Science; Health, Education and Engineering; University of the Sunshine Coast; Maroochydore Queensland 4558 Australia
| | - Yun-Long Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering; Agency for Science,; Technology and Research; 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering; Agency for Science,; Technology and Research; 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis Singapore 138634 Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 9 Engineering Drive 1 Singapore 117575 Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute; 11 Third Hospital Avenue Singapore 168751 Singapore
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Shi P, Kim YH, Mousa M, Sanchez RR, Oreffo ROC, Dawson JI. Self-Assembling Nanoclay Diffusion Gels for Bioactive Osteogenic Microenvironments. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800331. [PMID: 29911340 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Laponite nanoparticles have attracted attention in the tissue engineering field for their protein interactions, gel-forming properties, and, more recently, osteogenic bioactivity. Despite growing interest in the osteogenic properties of Laponite, the application of Laponite colloidal gels to host the osteogenic differentiation of responsive stem cell populations remains unexplored. Here, the potential to harness the gel-forming properties of Laponite to generate injectable bioactive microenvironments for osteogenesis is demonstrated. A diffusion/dialysis gelation method allows the rapid formation of stable transparent gels from injectable, thixotropic Laponite suspensions in physiological fluids. Upon contact with buffered saline or blood serum, nanoporous gel networks exhibiting, respectively, fivefold and tenfold increases in gel stiffness are formed due to the reorganization of nanoparticle interactions. Laponite diffusion gels are explored as osteogenic microenvironments for skeletal stem cell containing populations. Laponite films support cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells in 2D. Laponite gel encapsulation significantly enhances osteogenic protein expression compared with 3D pellet culture controls. In both 2D and 3D conditions, cell associated mineralization is strongly enhanced. This study demonstrates that Laponite diffusion gels offer considerable potential as biologically active and clinically relevant bone tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pujiang Shi
- Bone and Joint Research Group; Centre for Human Development; Stem Cells and Regeneration; Institute of Developmental Sciences; University of Southampton; Southampton SO16 6YD UK
| | - Yang-Hee Kim
- Bone and Joint Research Group; Centre for Human Development; Stem Cells and Regeneration; Institute of Developmental Sciences; University of Southampton; Southampton SO16 6YD UK
| | - Mohamed Mousa
- Bone and Joint Research Group; Centre for Human Development; Stem Cells and Regeneration; Institute of Developmental Sciences; University of Southampton; Southampton SO16 6YD UK
| | - Roxanna Ramnarine Sanchez
- Bone and Joint Research Group; Centre for Human Development; Stem Cells and Regeneration; Institute of Developmental Sciences; University of Southampton; Southampton SO16 6YD UK
| | - Richard O. C. Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group; Centre for Human Development; Stem Cells and Regeneration; Institute of Developmental Sciences; University of Southampton; Southampton SO16 6YD UK
| | - Jonathan I. Dawson
- Bone and Joint Research Group; Centre for Human Development; Stem Cells and Regeneration; Institute of Developmental Sciences; University of Southampton; Southampton SO16 6YD UK
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23
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Reumann MK, Linnemann C, Aspera-Werz RH, Arnold S, Held M, Seeliger C, Nussler AK, Ehnert S. Donor Site Location Is Critical for Proliferation, Stem Cell Capacity, and Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Implications for Bone Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071868. [PMID: 29949865 PMCID: PMC6073876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (Ad-MSCs) have been proposed as a suitable option for bone tissue engineering. However, donor age, weight, and gender might affect the outcome. There is still a lack of knowledge of the effects the donor tissue site might have on Ad-MSCs function. Thus, this study investigated proliferation, stem cell, and osteogenic differentiation capacity of human Ad-MSCs obtained from subcutaneous fat tissue acquired from different locations (abdomen, hip, thigh, knee, and limb). Ad-MSCs from limb and knee showed strong proliferation despite the presence of osteogenic stimuli, resulting in limited osteogenic characteristics. The less proliferative Ad-MSCs from hip and thigh showed the highest alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and matrix mineralization. Ad-MSCs from the abdomen showed good proliferation and osteogenic characteristics. Interestingly, the observed differences were not dependent on donor age, weight, or gender, but correlated with the expression of Sox2, Lin28A, Oct4α, and Nanog. Especially, low basal Sox2 levels seemed to be pivotal for osteogenic differentiation. Our data clearly show that the donor tissue site affects the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of Ad-MSCs significantly. Thus, for bone tissue engineering, the donor site of the adipose tissue from which the Ad-MSCs are derived should be adapted depending on the requirements, e.g., cell number and differentiation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie K Reumann
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Siegfried Weller Research Institute, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Caren Linnemann
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Siegfried Weller Research Institute, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Romina H Aspera-Werz
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Siegfried Weller Research Institute, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Sigrid Arnold
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Siegfried Weller Research Institute, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Manuel Held
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Siegfried Weller Research Institute, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Department of Hand, Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Claudine Seeliger
- Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany.
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Andreas K Nussler
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Siegfried Weller Research Institute, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Sabrina Ehnert
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Siegfried Weller Research Institute, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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24
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Attia AC, Yu T, Gleeson SE, Petrovic M, Li CY, Marcolongo M. A Review of Nanofiber Shish Kebabs and Their Potential in Creating Effective Biomimetic Bone Scaffolds. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-018-0053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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25
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Ehnert S, van Griensven M, Unger M, Scheffler H, Falldorf K, Fentz AK, Seeliger C, Schröter S, Nussler AK, Balmayor ER. Co-Culture with Human Osteoblasts and Exposure to Extremely Low Frequency Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Improve Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19040994. [PMID: 29584629 PMCID: PMC5979428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) have been proposed as suitable option for cell-based therapies to support bone regeneration. In the bone environment, Ad-MSCs will receive stimuli from resident cells that may favor their osteogenic differentiation. There is recent evidence that this process can be further improved by extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (ELF-PEMFs). Thus, the project aimed at (i) investigating whether co-culture conditions of human osteoblasts (OBs) and Ad-MSCs have an impact on their proliferation and osteogenic differentiation; (ii) whether this effect can be further improved by repetitive exposure to two specific ELF-PEMFs (16 and 26 Hz); (iii) and the effect of these ELF-PEMFs on human osteoclasts (OCs). Osteogenic differentiation was improved by co-culturing OBs and Ad-MSCs when compared to the individual mono-cultures. An OB to Ad-MSC ratio of 3:1 had best effects on total protein content, alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, and matrix mineralization. Osteogenic differentiation was further improved by both ELF-PEMFs investigated. Interestingly, only repetitive exposure to 26 Hz ELF-PEMF increased Trap5B activity in OCs. Considering this result, a treatment with gradually increasing frequency might be of interest, as the lower frequency (16 Hz) could enhance bone formation, while the higher frequency (26 Hz) could enhance bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Ehnert
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Martijn van Griensven
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 München, Germany.
| | - Marina Unger
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 München, Germany.
| | - Hanna Scheffler
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | | | | | - Claudine Seeliger
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 München, Germany.
| | - Steffen Schröter
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Andreas K Nussler
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Elizabeth R Balmayor
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 München, Germany.
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26
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Wang Y, Cai X, Huang J, Zhou Y, Jiang T, Wang Y. Bone regeneration in critically sized rat mandible defects through the endochondral pathway using hydroxyapatite-coated 3D-printed Ti6Al4V scaffolds. RSC Adv 2018; 8:31745-31754. [PMID: 35548214 PMCID: PMC9085720 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06508j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The endochondral approach has been proved to be a promising pathway in bone tissue engineering. However, whether it is suitable for repairing critically sized mandible defects is unknown. We designed Ti6Al4V scaffolds with a suitable shape and pore size by a 3D-printing selective-laser-melting technique to implement this approach. In order to improve the surface bioactivity of the scaffolds, hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings (HA/L group and HA/H group) of different crystallite size were prepared on the scaffolds via electrochemical deposition. Rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were seeded onto the scaffolds and chondrogenically differentiated in vitro for 4 weeks and then the scaffolds were implanted into critically sized rat mandible defects for 8 weeks. The bare scaffold and HA coatings were characterized with field emission scanning electron microscopy, water contact angle measurements and X-ray diffractometry. Cell proliferation results showed that the bioactivity of the HA coatings could better improve the growth rate of BMSCs compared with the bare surface. Additionally, safranin O staining showed abundant cartilage matrix and chondrocytes in the HA coated scaffold. Analyses using qPCR detected higher expression of chondrogenic-related gene Col2α1 and vegfα in the HA coated groups, especially in the HA/H group. Together these data demonstrate that the HA coating could improve the chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In vivo, methylene blue staining of histological sections and micro-computed tomography revealed that the HA-coated groups, especially the HA/H group, increased new bone formation via endochondral ossification compared with the control group. Therefore, this strategy provides an alternative method to improve bone formation in mandible defects via the endochondral pathway and the scaffold with larger HA crystals was superior to those with smaller HA crystals. Bone regeneration in critically sized rat mandible defects through the endochondral pathway using hydroxyapatite-coated scaffolds.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST)
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education
- School and Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Xinjie Cai
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST)
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education
- School and Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Jing Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST)
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education
- School and Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Yi Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST)
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education
- School and Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Tao Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST)
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education
- School and Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Yining Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST)
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education
- School and Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430079
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27
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Sampath Kumar TS, Yogeshwar Chakrapani V. Electrospun 3D Scaffolds for Tissue Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1078:29-47. [PMID: 30357617 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0950-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering aims to fabricate and functionalise constructs that mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM) in the closest way possible to induce cell growth and differentiation in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Development of scaffolds that can function as tissue substitutes or augment healing of tissues is an essential aspect of tissue regeneration. Although there are many techniques for achieving this biomimicry in 2D structures and 2D cell cultures, translation of successful tissue regeneration in true 3D microenvironments is still in its infancy. Electrospinning, a well known electrohydrodynamic process, is best suited for producing and functionalising, nanofibrous structures to mimic the ECM. A systematic control of the processing parameters coupled with novel process innovations, has recently resulted in novel 3D electrospun structures. This chapter gives a brief account of the various 3D electrospun structures that are being tried as tissue engineering scaffolds. Combining electrospinning with other 3D structure forming technologies, which have shown promising results, has also been discussed. Electrospinning has the potential to bridge the gap between what is known and what is yet to be known in fabricating 3D scaffolds for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Sampath Kumar
- Medical Materials Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
| | - V Yogeshwar Chakrapani
- Medical Materials Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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28
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Abstract
This review is focused on the use of membranes for the specific application of bone regeneration. The first section focuses on the relevance of membranes in this context and what are the specifications that they should possess to improve the regeneration of bone. Afterward, several techniques to engineer bone membranes by using "bulk"-like methods are discussed, where different parameters to induce bone formation are disclosed in a way to have desirable structural and functional properties. Subsequently, the production of nanostructured membranes using a bottom-up approach is discussed by highlighting the main advances in the field of bone regeneration. Primordial importance is given to the promotion of osteoconductive and osteoinductive capability during the membrane design. Whenever possible, the films prepared using different techniques are compared in terms of handability, bone guiding ability, osteoinductivity, adequate mechanical properties, or biodegradability. A last chapter contemplates membranes only composed by cells, disclosing their potential to regenerate bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia G Caridade
- Department of Chemistry CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro , Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro , Aveiro, Portugal
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29
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Freeman FE, Schiavi J, Brennan MA, Owens P, Layrolle P, McNamara LM. * Mimicking the Biochemical and Mechanical Extracellular Environment of the Endochondral Ossification Process to Enhance the In Vitro Mineralization Potential of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:1466-1478. [PMID: 28756737 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrogenesis and mechanical stimulation of the cartilage template are essential for bone formation through the endochondral ossification process in vivo. Recent studies have demonstrated that in vitro regeneration strategies that mimic these aspects separately, either chondrogenesis or mechanical stimulation, can promote mineralization to a certain extent both in vitro and in vivo. However, to date no study has sought to incorporate both the formation of the cartilage template and the application of mechanical stimulation simultaneously to induce osteogenesis. In this study, we test the hypothesis that mimicking both the biochemical and mechanical extracellular environment arising during endochondral ossification can enhance the in vitro mineralization potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). hMSC aggregates were cultured for 21 days under the following culture conditions; (1) Growth Medium - hydrostatic pressure (HP), (2) Chondrogenic Priming-HP, (3) Growth Medium + HP, and (4) Chondrogenic Priming +HP. Each group was then further cultured for another 21 days in the presence of osteogenic growth factors without HP. Biochemical (DNA, sulfate glycosaminoglycan, hydroxyproline, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium), histological (Alcian Blue and Alizarin Red), and immunohistological (Col I, II, and X, and BSP-2) analyses were conducted to investigate chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation at various time points (14, 21, 35, and 42 days). Our results showed the application of HP-induced chondrogenesis similar to that of chondrogenic priming, but interestingly, there was a reduction in hypertrophy markers (collagen type X) by applying HP alone versus chondrogenic priming alone. Moreover, the results showed that both chondrogenic priming and HP in tandem during the priming period, followed by culture in osteogenic medium, accelerated the osteogenic potential of hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona E Freeman
- 1 Centre for Biomechanics Research (BMEC), Biomedical Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - Jessica Schiavi
- 1 Centre for Biomechanics Research (BMEC), Biomedical Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - Meadhbh A Brennan
- 2 INSERM, UMR 1238, PHYOS, Laboratory of Bone Sarcomas and Remodelling of Calcified Tissues, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes , Nantes, France
| | - Peter Owens
- 3 Centre for Microscopy and Imaging (CMI), National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - Pierre Layrolle
- 2 INSERM, UMR 1238, PHYOS, Laboratory of Bone Sarcomas and Remodelling of Calcified Tissues, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes , Nantes, France
| | - Laoise M McNamara
- 1 Centre for Biomechanics Research (BMEC), Biomedical Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
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30
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Castro NJ, Meinert C, Levett P, Hutmacher DW. Current developments in multifunctional smart materials for 3D/4D bioprinting. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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31
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Wei JQ, Liu Y, Zhang XH, Liang WW, Zhou TF, Zhang H, Deng XL. Enhanced critical-sized bone defect repair efficiency by combining deproteinized antler cancellous bone and autologous BMSCs. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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32
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Freeman FE, McNamara LM. Endochondral Priming: A Developmental Engineering Strategy for Bone Tissue Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2016; 23:128-141. [PMID: 27758156 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2016.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have significant potential to treat bone pathologies by exploiting the capacity for bone progenitors to grow and produce tissue constituents under specific biochemical and physical conditions. However, conventional tissue engineering approaches, which combine stem cells with biomaterial scaffolds, are limited as the constructs often degrade, due to a lack of vascularization, and lack the mechanical integrity to fulfill load bearing functions, and as such are not yet widely used for clinical treatment of large bone defects. Recent studies have proposed that in vitro tissue engineering approaches should strive to simulate in vivo bone developmental processes and, thereby, imitate natural factors governing cell differentiation and matrix production, following the paradigm recently defined as "developmental engineering." Although developmental engineering strategies have been recently developed that mimic specific aspects of the endochondral ossification bone formation process, these findings are not widely understood. Moreover, a critical comparison of these approaches to standard biomaterial-based bone tissue engineering has not yet been undertaken. For that reason, this article presents noteworthy experimental findings from researchers focusing on developing an endochondral-based developmental engineering strategy for bone tissue regeneration. These studies have established that in vitro approaches, which mimic certain aspects of the endochondral ossification process, namely the formation of the cartilage template and the vascularization of the cartilage template, can promote mineralization and vascularization to a certain extent both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, this article outlines specific experimental challenges that must be overcome to further exploit the biology of endochondral ossification and provide a tissue engineering construct for clinical treatment of large bone/nonunion defects and obviate the need for bone tissue graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona E Freeman
- Centre for Biomechanics Research (BMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - Laoise M McNamara
- Centre for Biomechanics Research (BMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
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33
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Freeman FE, Stevens HY, Owens P, Guldberg RE, McNamara LM. Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Mimicking the Cellular Niche of the Endochondral Template. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:1176-1190. [PMID: 27604384 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro bone regeneration strategies that prime mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with chondrogenic factors, to mimic aspects of the endochondral ossification process, have been shown to promote mineralization and vascularization by MSCs both in vitro and when implanted in vivo. However, these approaches required the use of osteogenic supplements, namely dexamethasone, ascorbic acid, and β-glycerophosphate, none of which are endogenous mediators of bone formation in vivo. Rather MSCs, endothelial progenitor cells, and chondrocytes all reside in proximity within the cartilage template and might paracrineally regulate osteogenic differentiation. Thus, this study tests the hypothesis that an in vitro bone regeneration approach that mimics the cellular niche existing during endochondral ossification, through coculture of MSCs, endothelial cells, and chondrocytes, will obviate the need for extraneous osteogenic supplements and provide an alternative strategy to elicit osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and mineral production. The specific objectives of this study were to (1) mimic the cellular niche existing during endochondral ossification and (2) investigate whether osteogenic differentiation could be induced without the use of any external growth factors. To test the hypothesis, we evaluated the mineralization and vessel formation potential of (a) a novel methodology involving both chondrogenic priming and the coculture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and MSCs compared with (b) chondrogenic priming of MSCs alone, (c) addition of HUVECs to chondrogenically primed MSC aggregates, (d-f) the same experimental groups cultured in the presence of osteogenic supplements and (g) a noncoculture group cultured in the presence of osteogenic growth factors alone. Biochemical (DNA, alkaline phosphatase [ALP], calcium, CD31+, vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]), histological (alcian blue, alizarin red), and immunohistological (CD31+) analyses were conducted to investigate osteogenic differentiation and vascularization at various time points (1, 2, and 3 weeks). The coculture methodology enhanced both osteogenesis and vasculogenesis compared with osteogenic differentiation alone, whereas osteogenic supplements inhibited the osteogenesis and vascularization (ALP, calcium, and VEGF) induced through coculture alone. Taken together, these results suggest that chondrogenic and vascular priming can obviate the need for osteogenic supplements to induce osteogenesis of human MSCs in vitro, while allowing for the formation of rudimentary vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona E Freeman
- 1 Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Biomechanics Research (BMEC), National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - Hazel Y Stevens
- 2 George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Peter Owens
- 3 Centre for Microscopy and Imaging, National University of Ireland , Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Robert E Guldberg
- 2 George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Laoise M McNamara
- 1 Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Biomechanics Research (BMEC), National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
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34
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Parisi-Amon A, Lo DD, Montoro DT, Dewi RE, Longaker MT, Heilshorn SC. Protein–Nanoparticle Hydrogels That Self-assemble in Response to Peptide-Based Molecular Recognition. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 3:750-756. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David D. Lo
- Stanford Medical School, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Daniel T. Montoro
- Stanford Medical School, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ruby E. Dewi
- Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, McCullough 246, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michael T. Longaker
- Stanford Medical School, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sarah C. Heilshorn
- Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, McCullough 246, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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35
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Kumar A, Nune KC, Misra RDK. Biological functionality and mechanistic contribution of extracellular matrix-ornamented three dimensional Ti-6Al-4V mesh scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:2751-63. [PMID: 27325185 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The 3D printed metallic implants are considered bioinert in nature because of the absence of bioactive molecules. Thus, surface modification of bioinert materials is expected to favorably promote osteoblast functions and differentiation. In this context, the objective of this study is to fundamentally elucidate the effect of cell-derived decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) ornamented 3D printed Ti-6Al-4V scaffolds on biological functions, involving cell adhesion, proliferation, and synthesis of vinculin and actin proteins. To mimic the natural ECM environment, the mineralized ECM of osteoblasts was deposited on the Ti-6Al-4V porous scaffolds, fabricated by electron beam melting (EBM) method. The process comprised of osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and freeze-thaw cycles to obtain decellularized extra cellular matrix (dECM), in vitro. The dECM provided a natural environment to restore the natural cell functionality of osteoblasts that were cultured on dECM ornamented Ti-6Al-4V scaffolds. In comparison to the bare Ti-6Al-4V scaffolds, a higher cell functionality such as cell adhesion, proliferation, and growth including cell-cell and cell-material interaction were observed on dECM ornamented Ti-6Al-4V scaffolds, which were characterized by using markers for focal adhesion and cytoskeleton such as vinculin and actin. Moreover, electron microscopy also indicated higher cell-material interaction and enhanced proliferation of cells on dECM ornamented Ti-6Al-4V scaffolds, supported by MTT assay. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2751-2763, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, 500 W. University Avenue, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - K C Nune
- Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, 500 W. University Avenue, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - R D K Misra
- Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, 500 W. University Avenue, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA.
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Li JJ, Roohani-Esfahani SI, Dunstan CR, Quach T, Steck R, Saifzadeh S, Pivonka P, Zreiqat H. Efficacy of novel synthetic bone substitutes in the reconstruction of large segmental bone defects in sheep tibiae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 11:015016. [PMID: 26894676 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/1/015016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of large bone defects, particularly those with segmental bone loss, remains a significant clinical challenge as current approaches involving surgery or bone grafting often do not yield satisfactory long-term outcomes. This study reports the evaluation of novel ceramic scaffolds applied as bone graft substitutes in a clinically relevant in vivo model. Baghdadite scaffolds, unmodified or modified with a polycaprolactone coating containing bioactive glass nanoparticles, were implanted into critical-sized segmental bone defects in sheep tibiae for 26 weeks. Radiographic, biomechanical, μ-CT and histological analyses showed that both unmodified and modified baghdadite scaffolds were able to withstand physiological loads at the defect site, and induced substantial bone formation in the absence of supplementation with cells or growth factors. Notably, all samples showed significant bridging of the critical-sized defect (average 80%) with evidence of bone infiltration and remodelling within the scaffold implant. The unmodified and modified baghdadite scaffolds achieved similar outcomes of defect repair, although the latter may have an initial mechanical advantage due to the nanocomposite coating. The baghdadite scaffolds evaluated in this study hold potential for use as purely synthetic bone graft substitutes in the treatment of large bone defects while circumventing the drawbacks of autografts and allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Jiao Li
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. These authors contributed equally
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Abstract
Biomaterials have played an increasingly prominent role in the success of biomedical devices and in the development of tissue engineering, which seeks to unlock the regenerative potential innate to human tissues/organs in a state of deterioration and to restore or reestablish normal bodily function. Advances in our understanding of regenerative biomaterials and their roles in new tissue formation can potentially open a new frontier in the fast-growing field of regenerative medicine. Taking inspiration from the role and multi-component construction of native extracellular matrices (ECMs) for cell accommodation, the synthetic biomaterials produced today routinely incorporate biologically active components to define an artificial in vivo milieu with complex and dynamic interactions that foster and regulate stem cells, similar to the events occurring in a natural cellular microenvironment. The range and degree of biomaterial sophistication have also dramatically increased as more knowledge has accumulated through materials science, matrix biology and tissue engineering. However, achieving clinical translation and commercial success requires regenerative biomaterials to be not only efficacious and safe but also cost-effective and convenient for use and production. Utilizing biomaterials of human origin as building blocks for therapeutic purposes has provided a facilitated approach that closely mimics the critical aspects of natural tissue with regard to its physical and chemical properties for the orchestration of wound healing and tissue regeneration. In addition to directly using tissue transfers and transplants for repair, new applications of human-derived biomaterials are now focusing on the use of naturally occurring biomacromolecules, decellularized ECM scaffolds and autologous preparations rich in growth factors/non-expanded stem cells to either target acceleration/magnification of the body's own repair capacity or use nature's paradigms to create new tissues for restoration. In particular, there is increasing interest in separating ECMs into simplified functional domains and/or biopolymeric assemblies so that these components/constituents can be discretely exploited and manipulated for the production of bioscaffolds and new biomimetic biomaterials. Here, following an overview of tissue auto-/allo-transplantation, we discuss the recent trends and advances as well as the challenges and future directions in the evolution and application of human-derived biomaterials for reconstructive surgery and tissue engineering. In particular, we focus on an exploration of the structural, mechanical, biochemical and biological information present in native human tissue for bioengineering applications and to provide inspiration for the design of future biomaterials.
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Gothard D, Smith EL, Kanczler JM, Black CR, Wells JA, Roberts CA, White LJ, Qutachi O, Peto H, Rashidi H, Rojo L, Stevens MM, El Haj AJ, Rose FRAJ, Shakesheff KM, Oreffo ROC. In Vivo Assessment of Bone Regeneration in Alginate/Bone ECM Hydrogels with Incorporated Skeletal Stem Cells and Single Growth Factors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145080. [PMID: 26675008 PMCID: PMC4684226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study has investigated the use of decellularised, demineralised bone extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogel constructs for in vivo tissue mineralisation and bone formation. Stro-1-enriched human bone marrow stromal cells were incorporated together with select growth factors including VEGF, TGF-β3, BMP-2, PTHrP and VitD3, to augment bone formation, and mixed with alginate for structural support. Growth factors were delivered through fast (non-osteogenic factors) and slow (osteogenic factors) release PLGA microparticles. Constructs of 5 mm length were implanted in vivo for 28 days within mice. Dense tissue assessed by micro-CT correlated with histologically assessed mineralised bone formation in all constructs. Exogenous growth factor addition did not enhance bone formation further compared to alginate/bone ECM (ALG/ECM) hydrogels alone. UV irradiation reduced bone formation through degradation of intrinsic growth factors within the bone ECM component and possibly also ECM cross-linking. BMP-2 and VitD3 rescued osteogenic induction. ALG/ECM hydrogels appeared highly osteoinductive and delivery of angiogenic or chondrogenic growth factors led to altered bone formation. All constructs demonstrated extensive host tissue invasion and vascularisation aiding integration and implant longevity. The proposed hydrogel system functioned without the need for growth factor incorporation or an exogenous inducible cell source. Optimal growth factor concentrations and spatiotemporal release profiles require further assessment, as the bone ECM component may suffer batch variability between donor materials. In summary, ALG/ECM hydrogels provide a versatile biomaterial scaffold for utilisation within regenerative medicine which may be tailored, ultimately, to form the tissue of choice through incorporation of select growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gothard
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (DG); (ROCO)
| | - Emma L. Smith
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Janos M. Kanczler
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Cameron R. Black
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Julia A. Wells
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Carol A. Roberts
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa J. White
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Omar Qutachi
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Peto
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Hassan Rashidi
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Luis Rojo
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Royal School of Mines, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Biomaterials, Biomimetics, Biophotonics Research Division, King's College London, Dental Institute, Guy's Hospital, Tower Wing, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Royal School of Mines, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia J. El Haj
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 7BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Felicity R. A. J. Rose
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M. Shakesheff
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Locate Therapeutics Limited, MediCity, Nottingham, NG90 6BH, United Kingdom
| | - Richard O. C. Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (DG); (ROCO)
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Freeman FE, Allen AB, Stevens HY, Guldberg RE, McNamara LM. Effects of in vitro endochondral priming and pre-vascularisation of human MSC cellular aggregates in vivo. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:218. [PMID: 26541817 PMCID: PMC4635553 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0210-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction During endochondral ossification, both the production of a cartilage template and the subsequent vascularisation of that template are essential precursors to bone tissue formation. Recent studies have found the application of both chondrogenic and vascular priming of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) enhanced the mineralisation potential of MSCs in vitro whilst also allowing for immature vessel formation. However, the in vivo viability, vascularisation and mineralisation potential of MSC aggregates that have been pre-conditioned in vitro by a combination of chondrogenic and vascular priming, has yet to be established. In this study, we test the hypothesis that a tissue regeneration approach that incorporates both chondrogenic priming of MSCs, to first form a cartilage template, and subsequent pre-vascularisation of the cartilage constructs, by co-culture with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro, will improve vessel infiltration and thus mineral formation once implanted in vivo. Methods Human MSCs were chondrogenically primed for 21 days, after which they were co-cultured with MSCs and HUVECs and cultured in endothelial growth medium for another 21 days. These aggregates were then implanted subcutaneously in nude rats for 4 weeks. We used a combination of bioluminescent imaging, microcomputed tomography, histology (Masson’s trichrome and Alizarin Red) and immunohistochemistry (CD31, CD146, and α-smooth actin) to assess the vascularisation and mineralisation potential of these MSC aggregates in vivo. Results Pre-vascularised cartilaginous aggregates were found to have mature endogenous vessels (indicated by α-smooth muscle actin walls and erythrocytes) after 4 weeks subcutaneous implantation, and also viable human MSCs (detected by bioluminescent imaging) 21 days after subcutaneous implantation. In contrast, aggregates that were not pre-vascularised had no vessels within the aggregate interior and human MSCs did not remain viable beyond 14 days. Interestingly, the pre-vascularised cartilaginous aggregates were also the only group to have mineralised nodules within the cellular aggregates, whereas mineralisation occurred in the alginate surrounding the aggregates for all other groups. Conclusions Taken together these results indicate that a combined chondrogenic priming and pre-vascularisation approach for in vitro culture of MSC aggregates shows enhanced vessel formation and increased mineralisation within the cellular aggregate when implanted subcutaneously in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona E Freeman
- Centre for Biomechanics Research (BMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Ashley B Allen
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| | - Hazel Y Stevens
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| | - Robert E Guldberg
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| | - Laoise M McNamara
- Centre for Biomechanics Research (BMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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Angelozzi M, Miotto M, Penolazzi L, Mazzitelli S, Keane T, Badylak SF, Piva R, Nastruzzi C. Composite ECM-alginate microfibers produced by microfluidics as scaffolds with biomineralization potential. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 56:141-53. [PMID: 26249575 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach to produce artificial bone composites (microfibers) with distinctive features mimicking natural tissue was investigated. Currently proposed inorganic materials (e.g. apatite matrixes) lack self-assembly and thereby limit interactions between cells and the material. The present work investigates the feasibility of creating "bio-inspired materials" specifically designed to overcome certain limitations inherent to current biomaterials. We examined the dimensions, morphology, and constitutive features of a composite hydrogel which combined an alginate based microfiber with a gelatin solution or a particulate form of urinary bladder matrix (UBM). The effectiveness of the composite microfibers to induce and modulate osteoblastic differentiation in three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds without altering the viability and morphological characteristics of the cells was investigated. The present study describes a novel alginate microfiber production method with the use of microfluidics. The microfluidic procedure allowed for precise tuning of microfibers which resulted in enhanced viability and function of embedded cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Angelozzi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Miotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Letizia Penolazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Mazzitelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Timothy Keane
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roberta Piva
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudio Nastruzzi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Wei J, Xu M, Zhang X, Meng S, Wang Y, Zhou T, Ma Q, Han B, Wei Y, Deng X. Enhanced Osteogenic Behavior of ADSCs Produced by Deproteinized Antler Cancellous Bone and Evidence for Involvement of ERK Signaling Pathway. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:1810-21. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinqi Wei
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Xu
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Meng
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tuanfeng Zhou
- First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Ma
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuliang Deng
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Dubey N, Bentini R, Islam I, Cao T, Castro Neto AH, Rosa V. Graphene: A Versatile Carbon-Based Material for Bone Tissue Engineering. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:804213. [PMID: 26124843 PMCID: PMC4466492 DOI: 10.1155/2015/804213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of materials and strategies that can influence stem cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation towards osteoblasts is of high interest to promote faster healing and reconstructions of large bone defects. Graphene and its derivatives (graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide) have received increasing attention for biomedical applications as they present remarkable properties such as high surface area, high mechanical strength, and ease of functionalization. These biocompatible carbon-based materials can induce and sustain stem cell growth and differentiation into various lineages. Furthermore, graphene has the ability to promote and enhance osteogenic differentiation making it an interesting material for bone regeneration research. This paper will review the important advances in the ability of graphene and its related forms to induce stem cells differentiation into osteogenic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nileshkumar Dubey
- Discipline of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119083
| | - Ricardo Bentini
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542
| | - Intekhab Islam
- Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119083
| | - Tong Cao
- Discipline of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119083
| | - Antonio Helio Castro Neto
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542
| | - Vinicius Rosa
- Discipline of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119083
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542
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Freeman FE, Haugh MG, McNamara LM. An in vitro bone tissue regeneration strategy combining chondrogenic and vascular priming enhances the mineralization potential of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro while also allowing for vessel formation. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:1320-32. [PMID: 25588588 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrogenic priming (CP) of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and coculture of MSCs with human umbilical vein endothelial stem cells (HUVECs) both have been shown to significantly increase the potential for MSCs to undergo osteogenic differentiation and mineralization in vitro and in vivo. Such strategies mimic cartilage template formation or vascularization that occur during endochondral ossification during early fetal development. However, although both chondrogenesis and vascularization are crucial precursors for bone formation by endochondral ossification, no in vitro bone tissue regeneration strategy has sought to incorporate both events simultaneously. The objective of this study is to develop an in vitro bone regeneration strategy that mimics critical aspects of the endochondral ossification process, specifically (1) the formation of a cartilage template and (2) subsequent vascularization of this template. We initially prime the MSCs with chondrogenic growth factors, to ensure the production of a cartilage template, and subsequently implement a coculture strategy involving MSC and HUVECs. Three experimental groups were compared; (1) CP for 21 days with no addition of cells; (2) CP for 21 days followed by coculture of HUVECs (250,000 cells); (3) CP for 21 days followed by coculture of HUVECs and MSCs (250,000 cells) at a ratio of 1:1. Each group was cultured for a further 21 days in osteogenic media after the initial CP period. Biochemical (DNA, Alkaline Phosphatase Activity, Calcium, and Vessel Endothelial Growth Factor) and histological analyses (Alcian blue, alizarin red, CD31(+), and collagen type X) were performed 1, 2, and 3 weeks after the media switch. The results of this study show that CP provides a cartilage-like template that provides a suitable platform for HUVEC and MSC cells to attach, proliferate, and infiltrate for up to 3 weeks. More importantly we show that the use of the coculture methodology, rudimentary vessels are formed within this cartilage template and enhanced the mineralization potential of MSCs. Taken together these results indicate for the first time that the application of both chondrogenic and vascular priming of MSCs enhances the mineralization potential of MSCs in vitro while also allowing the formation of immature vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona E Freeman
- 1 Centre for Biomechanics Research (BMEC), Biomedical Engineering , NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Winnett J, Mallick KK. Porous 3D bioscaffolds by adaptive foam reticulation. BIOINSPIRED BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2015. [DOI: 10.1680/bbn.13.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Highly interconnected and 3D porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds with controllable macroporosity and microporosity have been produced using the adaptive foam reticulation technique, combining foam reticulation and freeze casting methodologies. Process optimized macropores were generated using a polymeric template while micropores are introduced by the sublimation of a porogen, in this instance camphene. The macropore (100–600 µm) and strut (20–100 µm) sizes of the bioceramic produced compares favorably with the template pore (200–600 µm) and strut (30–80 µm) sizes. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated a phase change from hydroxyapatite to whitlockite, a calcium-deficient phosphate incorporating magnesium and iron ions. Increasing the number of coatings and/or sintering temperature resulted in the increase of scaffold strength while reducing the pore size. Variations to the amount of porogen did not affect the macrostructure of the scaffolds and led to the controllable introduction of microporosity to the struts. Osteoblast-like MG-63 cell culture and assay tests indicated that the scaffolds are not cytotoxic and suitable for use as bone grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Winnett
- Doctoral Researcher, Warwick Manufacturing Group, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands, UK
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Maher S, Kolieb E, Sabik NA, Abd-Elhalim D, El-Serafi AT, El-Wazir Y. Comparison of the osteogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal cells isolated from human bone marrow, umbilical cord blood and placenta derived stem cells. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Characterization of bone marrow mononuclear cells on biomaterials for bone tissue engineering in vitro. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:762407. [PMID: 25802865 PMCID: PMC4352750 DOI: 10.1155/2015/762407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) are suitable for bone tissue engineering. Comparative data regarding the needs of BMC for the adhesion on biomaterials and biocompatibility to various biomaterials are lacking to a large extent. Therefore, we evaluated whether a surface coating would enhance BMC adhesion and analyze the biocompatibility of three different kinds of biomaterials. BMCs were purified from human bone marrow aspirate samples. Beta tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP, without coating or coated with fibronectin or human plasma), demineralized bone matrix (DBM), and bovine cancellous bone (BS) were assessed. Seeding efficacy on β-TCP was 95% regardless of the surface coating. BMC demonstrated a significantly increased initial adhesion on DBM and β-TCP compared to BS. On day 14, metabolic activity was significantly increased in BMC seeded on DBM in comparison to BMC seeded on BS. Likewise increased VEGF-synthesis was observed on day 2 in BMC seeded on DBM when compared to BMC seeded on BS. The seeding efficacy of BMC on uncoated biomaterials is generally high although there are differences between these biomaterials. Beta-TCP and DBM were similar and both superior to BS, suggesting either as suitable materials for spatial restriction of BMC used for regenerative medicine purposes in vivo.
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Yao Q, Wei B, Guo Y, Jin C, Du X, Yan C, Yan J, Hu W, Xu Y, Zhou Z, Wang Y, Wang L. Design, construction and mechanical testing of digital 3D anatomical data-based PCL-HA bone tissue engineering scaffold. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:5360. [PMID: 25596860 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5360-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the techniques of design and construction of CT 3D reconstructional data-based polycaprolactone (PCL)-hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold. Femoral and lumbar spinal specimens of eight male New Zealand white rabbits were performed CT and laser scanning data-based 3D printing scaffold processing using PCL-HA powder. Each group was performed eight scaffolds. The CAD-based 3D printed porous cylindrical stents were 16 piece × 3 groups, including the orthogonal scaffold, the Pozi-hole scaffold and the triangular hole scaffold. The gross forms, fiber scaffold diameters and porosities of the scaffolds were measured, and the mechanical testing was performed towards eight pieces of the three kinds of cylindrical scaffolds, respectively. The loading force, deformation, maximum-affordable pressure and deformation value were recorded. The pore-connection rate of each scaffold was 100 % within each group, there was no significant difference in the gross parameters and micro-structural parameters of each scaffold when compared with the design values (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the loading force, deformation and deformation value under the maximum-affordable pressure of the three different cylinder scaffolds when the load was above 320 N. The combination of CT and CAD reverse technology could accomplish the design and manufacturing of complex bone tissue engineering scaffolds, with no significant difference in the impacts of the microstructures towards the physical properties of different porous scaffolds under large load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqiang Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Hospital, Nanjing, 210006, China
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Dawson JI, Kanczler J, Tare R, Kassem M, Oreffo ROC. Concise review: bridging the gap: bone regeneration using skeletal stem cell-based strategies - where are we now? Stem Cells 2014; 32:35-44. [PMID: 24115290 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal stem cells confer to bone its innate capacity for regeneration and repair. Bone regeneration strategies seek to harness and enhance this regenerative capacity for the replacement of tissue damaged or lost through congenital defects, trauma, functional/esthetic problems, and a broad range of diseases associated with an increasingly aged population. This review describes the state of the field and current steps to translate and apply skeletal stem cell biology in the clinic and the problems therein. Challenges are described along with key strategies including the isolation and ex vivo expansion of multipotential populations, the targeting/delivery of regenerative populations to sites of repair, and their differentiation toward bone lineages. Finally, preclinical models of bone repair are discussed along with their implications for clinical translation and the opportunities to harness that knowledge for musculoskeletal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan I Dawson
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
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Wang Z, Weng Y, Lu S, Zong C, Qiu J, Liu Y, Liu B. Osteoblastic mesenchymal stem cell sheet combined with Choukroun platelet-rich fibrin induces bone formation at an ectopic site. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 103:1204-16. [PMID: 25327691 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To analyze the effects of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro and investigate in vivo bone formation by MSC sheets with PRF. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell proliferation and expression of osteogenesis-related genes within MSC sheets were assessed upon exposure to PRF from the same donors. We then injected MSC sheet fragments with or without PRF subcutaneously in nude mice and assessed bone formation by micro-computed tomography and histological analyses. RESULTS PRF significantly stimulated MSC proliferation and osteogenesis in vitro. MSC sheets injected with or without PRF formed new bone, but those with PRF produced significantly more and denser bone. CONCLUSIONS MSC sheets can be used to generate tissue engineered bone upon injection, and PRF increases the osteogenic capacity of MSC sheets in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanming Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlin Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanpu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
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Li JJ, Kaplan DL, Zreiqat H. Scaffold-based regeneration of skeletal tissues to meet clinical challenges. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:7272-7306. [PMID: 32261954 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01073f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The management and reconstruction of damaged or diseased skeletal tissues have remained a significant global healthcare challenge. The limited efficacy of conventional treatment strategies for large bone, cartilage and osteochondral defects has inspired the development of scaffold-based tissue engineering solutions, with the aim of achieving complete biological and functional restoration of the affected tissue in the presence of a supporting matrix. Nevertheless, significant regulatory hurdles have rendered the clinical translation of novel scaffold designs to be an inefficient process, mainly due to the difficulties of arriving at a simple, reproducible and effective solution that does not rely on the incorporation of cells and/or bioactive molecules. In the context of the current clinical situation and recent research advances, this review will discuss scaffold-based strategies for the regeneration of skeletal tissues, with focus on the contribution of bioactive ceramic scaffolds and silk fibroin, and combinations thereof, towards the development of clinically viable solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Jiao Li
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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