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Attia SL, Odhiambo SA, Mogaka JN, Ondondo R, Schadler A, McQuerry K, Fuchs GJ, Williams JE, McGuire MK, Waterman C, Schulze K, Owuor PM. Impact of Maternal Moringa oleifera Leaf Supplementation on Milk and Serum Vitamin A and Carotenoid Concentrations in a Cohort of Breastfeeding Kenyan Women and Their Infants. Nutrients 2024; 16:3425. [PMID: 39408390 PMCID: PMC11478761 DOI: 10.3390/nu16193425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Childhood vitamin A deficiency leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Human milk is the only source of vitamin A for exclusively breastfed infants. Dried Moringa oleifera leaf powder (moringa) is a good food source of provitamin A and other carotenoids. Its effect during lactation on human milk vitamin A and carotenoid content is unclear. Objectives: Our objective was to investigate the effect of maternal moringa consumption on human milk retinol and carotenoid concentrations and maternal and infant vitamin A status. Methods: We conducted a 3-month pilot single-blinded cluster-randomized controlled trial in breastfeeding mother-infant pairs (n = 50) in Kenya. Mothers received corn porridge with (20 g/d) or without moringa with complete breast expressions and maternal and infant serum collected at enrollment (infant <30 days old) and 3 months. Milk was analyzed for retinol and selected carotenoids; maternal/infant serum was analyzed for retinol binding protein (RBP). Results: 88% (n = 44) pairs completed milk and serum samples. Four mothers (9%) had vitamin A deficiency (RBP <0.07 µmol/L); 11 (25%) were vitamin A insufficient (VAI; RBP <1.05 µmol/L). Alpha-carotene concentration in milk was higher in the moringa than the control group at baseline (p = 0.024) and at exit (least squares means, LSM, 95%CI µg/mL 0.003, 0.003-0.004 moringa vs. 0.002, 0.001-0.003 control, n = 22/cluster; p = 0.014). In mothers with VAI, alpha-carotene was higher in the moringa group than controls at exit (LSM, 95%CI µg/mL 0.005, 0.003-0.009 moringa, n = 3, vs. 0.002, 0.000-0.004 control, n = 8, p = 0.027) with no difference at baseline. Milk carotenoids did not correlate with vitamin A status (serum RBP) in infants or mothers. Conclusions: Maternal moringa consumption did not impact concentration of milk vitamin A and resulted in limited increase in milk carotenoids in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanna Labib Attia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (A.S.); (G.J.F.III)
| | - Silvia A. Odhiambo
- Pamoja Community Based Organization, Kisumu 2311-40100, Kenya; (S.A.O.); (P.M.O.)
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E2, Canada;
| | - Jerusha N. Mogaka
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E2, Canada;
- School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Raphael Ondondo
- Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega P.O. Box 190-50100, Kenya;
| | - Aric Schadler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (A.S.); (G.J.F.III)
| | - Kristen McQuerry
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;
| | - George J. Fuchs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (A.S.); (G.J.F.III)
| | - Janet E. Williams
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;
| | - Michelle K. McGuire
- Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;
| | - Carrie Waterman
- Institute for Global Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Kerry Schulze
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Patrick M. Owuor
- Pamoja Community Based Organization, Kisumu 2311-40100, Kenya; (S.A.O.); (P.M.O.)
- Department of Anthropology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Varela ELP, Gomes ARQ, Santos ASBD, Cruz JNDA, Carvalho EPDE, Prazeres BAPD, Dolabela MF, Percario S. Lycopene supplementation promoted increased survival and decreased parasitemia in mice with severe malaria: comparison with N-acetylcysteine. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20230347. [PMID: 39046019 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420230347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of malaria, causing anemia, respiratory complications, and cerebral malaria. To mitigate oxidative stress, we investigated the effect of nutritional supplementation whit lycopene (LYC) on the evolution of parasitemia and survival rate in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (Pb), comparing to the effects promoted by N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Therefore, 175 mice were randomly distributed into 4 groups; Sham: untreated and uninfected animals; Pb: animals infected with Pb; LYC+Pb: animals treated with LYC and infected with Pb; NAC+Pb: animals treated with NAC and infected with Pb. The animals were followed for 12 days after infection, and survival and parasitemia rates were evaluated. There was a 40.1% increase in parasitemia in the animals of the Pb group on the 12th day, and a survival rate of 45%. LYC supplementation slowed the development of parasitemia to 19% and promoted a significative increase in the survival rate of 80% on the 12th day after infection, compared to the Pb group, effects superior to those promoted by NAC, providing strong evidence of the beneficial effect of LYC on in vivo malaria and stressing the importance of antioxidant supplementation in the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everton Luiz P Varela
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Estresse Oxidativo, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - Rede BIONORTE, Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Antônio Rafael Q Gomes
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Estresse Oxidativo, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Aline S B Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Estresse Oxidativo, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - Rede BIONORTE, Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Jorddy N DA Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Eliete P DE Carvalho
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Estresse Oxidativo, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - Rede BIONORTE, Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Benedito Antônio P Dos Prazeres
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Estresse Oxidativo, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - Rede BIONORTE, Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Maria Fani Dolabela
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - Rede BIONORTE, Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Sandro Percario
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Estresse Oxidativo, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - Rede BIONORTE, Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
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Somacal S, Schüler da Silva LC, de Oliveira J, Emanuelli T, Fabro de Bem A. Bixin, a New Atheroprotective Carotenoid Candidate, Prevents oxLDL-Induced Cytotoxicity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Macrophages: Involvement of the Nrf2 and NF-κB Pathways. Foods 2024; 13:2002. [PMID: 38998509 PMCID: PMC11241531 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and its toxicity in the arterial wall have been implicated in atherosclerosis. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the atheroprotective effect of bixin, a carotenoid obtained from the seeds of the tropical plant Bixa orellana, on Cu2+-induced LDL oxidation and oxLDL-mediated effects in J774A.1 macrophage cells. Bixin's effects were compared to those of lycopene, a carotenoid widely studied for its cardiovascular protective effects. LDL was isolated from human plasma, incubated with bixin or lycopene (positive control), and subjected to oxidation with CuSO4. Afterward, bixin or lycopene was incubated with J774A.1 macrophage cells and exposed to oxLDL. The levels of ROS, RNS, GSH, nitrite, mitochondrial function, and foam cell formation, as well as the expression of proteins related to the antioxidant and inflammatory status, were evaluated. The effect of bixin in inhibiting in vitro human-isolated LDL oxidation was more potent (5-6-fold) than that of lycopene. Bixin pretreatment reduced the atherogenic signaling triggered by oxLDL in the macrophages, namely the generation of reactive species, disturbance of nitric oxide homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and foam cell formation. The cytoprotective effects of bixin were accompanied by the upregulation of Nrf2 and the downregulation of the NF-kB pathways. Lycopene showed the same protective effect as bixin, except that it did not prevent mitochondrial dysfunction. The efficient performance of bixin makes it an ideal candidate for further trials as a new nutraceutical compound for the prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Somacal
- Graduate Program on Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Jade de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Andreza Fabro de Bem
- Laboratory of Bioenergetic and Metabolism, Institute of Biological Science, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
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Bradley MJ, Black M, Arballo JR, Amengual J, Erdman JW. Lycopene Accumulation in Transgenic Mice Lacking One or Both Carotenoid Cleaving Enzymes. J Nutr 2023; 153:2216-2227. [PMID: 37269907 PMCID: PMC10447616 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1) and β-carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2) are responsible for the cleavage of carotenoids in mammals. OBJECTIVE The goals of this study were to (1) establish the relative contribution of each enzyme on lycopene accumulation in mice and (2) examine the role of lycopene on gene expression in the gut of wild type (WT) mice. METHODS We utilized male and female WT, Bco1-/-, Bco2-/-, and Bco1-/-Bco2-/- double knockout (DKO) mice. We gavaged the mice with either 1 mg of lycopene resuspended in cottonseed oil or vehicle as a control group daily for 2 wk. In a second study, we evaluated the effect of dietary vitamin A on lycopene absorption and intestinal gene expression by RT-PCR. We also quantified lycopene concentration isomer distribution by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Of the 11 tissues measured, the liver accounted for 94 to 98% of the lycopene content across genotypes. We did not observe sex differences between genotypes, although hepatic lycopene levels in Bco1-/- mice were approximately half in comparison to the other genotypes; Bco1-/- verses Bco2-/- (P < 0.0001), DKO mice (P < 0.001), WT (ns). Analyses of mitochondrial lycopene content revealed a 3- to 5-fold enrichment compared with total hepatic content (P < 0.05) in all genotypes and sexes. In our second study, WT mice fed a vitamin A-deficient diet (VAD) accumulated greater amounts of lycopene in the liver than those fed a vitamin A-sufficient diet (VAS) (P < 0.01). These changes were accompanied by an upregulation of the vitamin A-responsive transcription factor intestine specific homeobox (ISX) in mice fed VAD + lycopene and VAS + lycopene diets compared with VAD control-fed mice (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that BCO2 is the primary lycopene cleavage enzyme in mice. Lycopene concentration was enriched in the mitochondria of hepatocytes independently of genotype, and lycopene stimulated vitamin A signaling in WT mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn J Bradley
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Molly Black
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Joseph R Arballo
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Jaume Amengual
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL; Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801.
| | - John W Erdman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL; Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801.
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5
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Varela ELP, Gomes ARQ, da Silva Barbosa dos Santos A, de Carvalho EP, Vale VV, Percário S. Potential Benefits of Lycopene Consumption: Rationale for Using It as an Adjuvant Treatment for Malaria Patients and in Several Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:5303. [PMID: 36558462 PMCID: PMC9787606 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a disease that affects thousands of people around the world every year. Its pathogenesis is associated with the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and lower levels of micronutrients and antioxidants. Patients under drug treatment have high levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in the body tissues, which limits the use of these drugs. Therefore, several studies have suggested that RONS inhibition may represent an adjuvant therapeutic strategy in the treatment of these patients by increasing the antioxidant capacity of the host. In this sense, supplementation with antioxidant compounds such as zinc, selenium, and vitamins A, C, and E has been suggested as part of the treatment. Among dietary antioxidants, lycopene is the most powerful antioxidant among the main carotenoids. This review aimed to describe the main mechanisms inducing oxidative stress during malaria, highlighting the production of RONS as a defense mechanism against the infection induced by the ischemia-reperfusion syndrome, the metabolism of the parasite, and the metabolism of antimalarial drugs. Furthermore, the effects of lycopene on several diseases in which oxidative stress is implicated as a cause are outlined, providing information about its mechanism of action, and providing an evidence-based justification for its supplementation in malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everton Luiz Pompeu Varela
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the BIONORTE Network, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Antônio Rafael Quadros Gomes
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Innovation, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Aline da Silva Barbosa dos Santos
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the BIONORTE Network, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Eliete Pereira de Carvalho
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the BIONORTE Network, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Valdicley Vieira Vale
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Innovation, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Sandro Percário
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the BIONORTE Network, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
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6
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Bácsi A, Lucas R, Sütő MI, Szklenár M, Bohn T, Rühl R. An immune-shift induced by lycopene; from an eosinophil-dominant type towards an eosinophil/neutrophil-co-dominant type of airway inflammation. Food Funct 2022; 13:6534-6544. [PMID: 35642947 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00875k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lycopene as the main carotenoid from tomatoes is known to have beneficial effects on various inflammatory diseases. In mice, lycopene ameliorates asthma symptoms and in human asthmatic patients serum lycopene levels are reduced. To further investigate the immunomodulatory effect of lycopene, first, we used a ragweed pollen extract (RWE)-induced asthma model in mice. In a second approach, we established a RWE-induced asthma model in gerbils, because of a more human-like carotenoid absorption in these animals. In RWE-sensitized/RWE-challenged gerbils (C+) following a basal diet, mainly the number of eosinophils in the broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) significantly increased, comparable to RWE-sensitized/PBS-challenged gerbils (C-). In RWE-sensitized/PBS-challenged gerbils with lycopene-supplementation (L-), an elevated number of mainly neutrophils, in addition to eosinophils, was detected compared to C-, whereas in RWE-sensitized/RWE-challenged animals with lycopene-supplementation (L+), mainly increased neutrophil numbers in BAL were detected compared to C+. Furthermore, using LC-MS, we determined an array of eicosanoids/docosanoids in the lungs and observed that 5-, 8-lipoxygenase (LOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways were significantly increased after intranasal RWE-challenge in sensitized mice and just by tendency in gerbils. In PBS- and RWE-challenged animals, lycopene-supplementation significantly raised COX-pathway metabolites. In conclusion, we found that lycopene-supplementation resulted in an increased inflammatory influx of neutrophils in combination with increased COX-pathways metabolites. This pro-inflammatory, pro-neutrophil activity induced by lycopene might be an important shift from allergic asthma towards an inflammatory symptomatic asthma type, though with the potential for resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Bácsi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Renáta Lucas
- Laboratory of Nutritional Bioactivation and Bioanalysis, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Máté István Sütő
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mónika Szklenár
- Paprika Bioanalytics BT, Mezögazdász utca 62, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Ralph Rühl
- Laboratory of Nutritional Bioactivation and Bioanalysis, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Hungary.,Paprika Bioanalytics BT, Mezögazdász utca 62, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary.
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7
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Moran NE, Thomas-Ahner JM, Wan L, Zuniga KE, Erdman JW, Clinton SK. Tomatoes, Lycopene, and Prostate Cancer: What Have We Learned from Experimental Models? J Nutr 2022; 152:1381-1403. [PMID: 35278075 PMCID: PMC9178968 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidemiology suggests a protective effect of tomatoes or tomato phytochemicals, such as lycopene, on prostate cancer risk. However, human epidemiology alone cannot reveal causal relations. Laboratory animal models of prostate cancer provide opportunities to investigate hypotheses regarding dietary components in precisely controlled, experimental systems, contributing to our understanding of diet and cancer risk relations. We review the published studies evaluating the impact of tomatoes and/or lycopene in preclinical models of prostate carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis. The feeding of tomatoes or tomato components demonstrates anti-prostate cancer activity in both transplantable xenograft models of tumorigenesis and models of chemically- and genetically-driven carcinogenesis. Feeding pure lycopene shows anticancer activity in most studies, although outcomes vary by model system, suggesting that the impact of pure lycopene can depend on dose, duration, and specific carcinogenic processes represented in different models. Nonetheless, studies with the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model of carcinogenesis typically demonstrate similar bioactivity to that of tomato feeding. In general, interventions that commence earlier in carcinogenesis and are sustained tend to be more efficacious. Accumulated data suggest that lycopene is one, but perhaps not the only, anticancer bioactive compound in tomatoes. Although it is clear that tomatoes and lycopene have anti-prostate cancer activity in rodent models, major knowledge gaps remain in understanding dose-response relations and molecular mechanisms of action. Published and future findings from rodent studies can provide guidance for translational scientists to design and execute informative human clinical trials of prostate cancer prevention or in support of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E Moran
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer M Thomas-Ahner
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lei Wan
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Interdisciplinary Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Krystle E Zuniga
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.,Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - John W Erdman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Steven K Clinton
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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8
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Dai X, Yin H, Zhang J, Tian F, Cai X, Mao Y, Sun H, Wang H, Li X, Zhu HL, Zhang L, Chen J, Zhao Y. Carotenoid Profile in Maternal/Cord Plasma and Changes in Breast Milk along Lactation and Its Association with Dietary Intake: A Longitudinal Study in a Coastal City in Southern China. Nutrients 2022; 14:1989. [PMID: 35565956 PMCID: PMC9100325 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, changes of carotenoids in breast milk were observed longitudinally for up to one year. Our study aimed to analyze the profile of carotenoids in breast milk and maternal/cord plasma and its correlation with dietary intake in Guangzhou. Plasma and breast milk samples of five stages during lactation (i.e., colostrum; transitional milk; and early, medium, and late mature milk) were collected from lactating mothers. The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used for collecting data on dietary intake in the corresponding stages. Levels of lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene, and lycopene were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. We found that the total carotenoid level decreased gradually with the extension of lactation and eventually stabilized. Among them, the content of lutein increased from colostrum to transitional milk and decreased thereafter until it plateaued in the mature milk. Furthermore, lutein was reported as the dominant nutrient in maternal plasma, cord plasma, transitional milk, and mature milk at up to 400 days postpartum, while beta-carotene was predominant in colostrum. The content of β-carotenoid in middle and late mature breast milk was related to dietary intake (r = 1.690, p < 0.05). Carotenoid level in cord blood was lower than that in the mother’s plasma and was related to the carotenoid intake in the mother’s diet. Correlation of carotenoids between maternal and umbilical cord blood, breast milk, and maternal blood could well reflect the transport of carotenoids. These findings may help to guide mothers’ diets during breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Dai
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.D.); (H.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.S.); (H.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Huanhuan Yin
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.D.); (H.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.S.); (H.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Jing Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.D.); (H.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.S.); (H.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Fang Tian
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Centre, Shanghai 200233, China; (F.T.); (X.C.); (Y.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaokun Cai
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Centre, Shanghai 200233, China; (F.T.); (X.C.); (Y.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Yingyi Mao
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Centre, Shanghai 200233, China; (F.T.); (X.C.); (Y.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Hanxiao Sun
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.D.); (H.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.S.); (H.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - He Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.D.); (H.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.S.); (H.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xiang Li
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Centre, Shanghai 200233, China; (F.T.); (X.C.); (Y.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Hui-Lian Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
| | - Lishi Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.D.); (H.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.S.); (H.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Jinyao Chen
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.D.); (H.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.S.); (H.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yanrong Zhao
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Centre, Shanghai 200233, China; (F.T.); (X.C.); (Y.M.); (X.L.)
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9
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Zhuang E, Uchio E, Lilly M, Zi X, Fruehauf JP. A phase II study of docetaxel plus lycopene in metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112226. [PMID: 34649352 PMCID: PMC9886492 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We carried out a phase II study to investigate the activity of docetaxel plus lycopene in advanced castrate resistant adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Patients were chemotherapy and biological therapy naive. Docetaxel 75 mg/m2 was given every 21 days with daily oral lycopene 30 mg. The primary endpoint was a ≥50% reduction in PSA. Secondary endpoints were median time to PSA progression, duration of response and overall survival. Thirteen patients were initiated on protocol therapy. Median age was 77 (range 55-90). Twelve patients (92%) had bone metastases. Four patients (30%) had both bone and visceral metastases. PSA response was seen in 10 patients (76.9% [95% confidence interval (CI), 46.2-94.9%]). Two patients had stable disease (SD), yielding a disease control rate of 92%. Median time to PSA progression was 8 months [95% CI, 3.5-8.7]. Median duration of response (DOR) was 7.3 months [95% CI, 4.8-13.2]. Median overall survival at 5 years was 35.1 months [95% CI 25.7-57.7]. No new safety signals were noted. No patients experienced grade 3 or above anemia. One patient (7%) experienced febrile neutropenia. A PSA response rate of 76.9% and median survival of 35.1 months compares favorably to the 45% PSA response rate and 17.4 months median survival reported for the TAX 237 trialists. While our study was limited due to small sample size, our results suggest that the combination of docetaxel and lycopene merits further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - Edward Uchio
- Department of Urology, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - Michael Lilly
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - Xiaolin Zi
- Department of Urology, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - John P Fruehauf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, USA.
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10
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Raphael JE, Danagogo O. Pilot Study on the Locoregional Demographics of Prostate Cancer in River State, Nigeria. Niger Med J 2021; 62:340-345. [PMID: 38736520 PMCID: PMC11087682 DOI: 10.60787/nmj-62-6-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The aetiology of prostate cancer is a subject of intense research and has been attributed to several risk factors. Geographical variations have also been observed with high incidence in western countries and rising rates in developing countries. This study aims to evaluate the locoregional distribution of histologically confirmed prostate cancer patients and discuss the risk factors for the observed variations according to their Local Government Areas (LGA) in Rivers State. Methodology This is a descriptive retrospective study on patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer from three hospitals that take urology referrals over 10years. The patient's hospital records were obtained, and records of their ages, permanent place of residence, prostate biopsy histopathology reports, and Gleason's scores were extracted. These data were collated and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results There were 278 patients managed over a 10year period with a mean age of 68.39years+_10.06. Prostate cancer was the commonest in the 60-69year age group (37.1%), followed by the 70-79year range. The high-risk, poorly differentiated cancer (Gleason 8-10; ISUP 4,5) was the commonest, followed by the intermediate-risk cancers (Gleason 7; ISUP 2,3). Port Harcourt (41.0%) and ObiaAkpo (36.0%) Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Port Harcourt City had the highest frequencies of prostate cancer. There was no relationship between age and Gleason's score in the men. Conclusion Prostate cancer appears more common in the LGAs in Port Harcourt City compared to the semi-urban and rural LGAs in Rivers State. High-grade cancers are more frequent both in rural and urban LGA. High Gleason score cancers appear more frequently in the metropolitan Port Harcourt City than rural LGAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E. Raphael
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Okigbeye Danagogo
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
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11
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Abstract
Dietary intake and tissue levels of carotenoids have been associated with a reduced risk of several chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obesity, brain-related diseases and some types of cancer. However, intervention trials with isolated carotenoid supplements have mostly failed to confirm the postulated health benefits. It has thereby been speculated that dosing, matrix and synergistic effects, as well as underlying health and the individual nutritional status plus genetic background do play a role. It appears that our knowledge on carotenoid-mediated health benefits may still be incomplete, as the underlying mechanisms of action are poorly understood in relation to human relevance. Antioxidant mechanisms - direct or via transcription factors such as NRF2 and NF-κB - and activation of nuclear hormone receptor pathways such as of RAR, RXR or also PPARs, via carotenoid metabolites, are the basic principles which we try to connect with carotenoid-transmitted health benefits as exemplified with described common diseases including obesity/diabetes and cancer. Depending on the targeted diseases, single or multiple mechanisms of actions may play a role. In this review and position paper, we try to highlight our present knowledge on carotenoid metabolism and mechanisms translatable into health benefits related to several chronic diseases.
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12
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Böhm V, Lietz G, Olmedilla-Alonso B, Phelan D, Reboul E, Bánati D, Borel P, Corte-Real J, de Lera AR, Desmarchelier C, Dulinska-Litewka J, Landrier JF, Milisav I, Nolan J, Porrini M, Riso P, Roob JM, Valanou E, Wawrzyniak A, Winklhofer-Roob BM, Rühl R, Bohn T. From carotenoid intake to carotenoid blood and tissue concentrations - implications for dietary intake recommendations. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:544-573. [PMID: 32766681 PMCID: PMC8025354 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is uncertainty regarding carotenoid intake recommendations, because positive and negative health effects have been found or are correlated with carotenoid intake and tissue levels (including blood, adipose tissue, and the macula), depending on the type of study (epidemiological vs intervention), the dose (physiological vs supraphysiological) and the matrix (foods vs supplements, isolated or used in combination). All these factors, combined with interindividual response variations (eg, depending on age, sex, disease state, genetic makeup), make the relationship between carotenoid intake and their blood/tissue concentrations often unclear and highly variable. Although blood total carotenoid concentrations <1000 nmol/L have been related to increased chronic disease risk, no dietary reference intakes (DRIs) exist. Although high total plasma/serum carotenoid concentrations of up to 7500 nmol/L are achievable after supplementation, a plateauing effect for higher doses and prolonged intake is apparent. In this review and position paper, the current knowledge on carotenoids in serum/plasma and tissues and their relationship to dietary intake and health status is summarized with the aim of proposing suggestions for a "normal," safe, and desirable range of concentrations that presumably are beneficial for health. Existing recommendations are likewise evaluated and practical dietary suggestions are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Böhm
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Lietz
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Begoña Olmedilla-Alonso
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Phelan
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | | | | | - Patrick Borel
- C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Joana Corte-Real
- Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Angel R de Lera
- Departmento de Química Orgánica, Centro De Investigaciones Biomédicas and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Irina Milisav
- University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia and with University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - John Nolan
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Universitàdegli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Universitàdegli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Milan, Italy
| | - Johannes M Roob
- Research Unit Chronic Inflammation in Nephrology, Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Agata Wawrzyniak
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Brigitte M Winklhofer-Roob
- Human Nutrition & Metabolism Research and Training Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens University, Graz, Austria
| | - Ralph Rühl
- Paprika Bioanalytics BT, Debrecen, Hungary and with CISCAREX UG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
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13
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Jideani AIO, Silungwe H, Takalani T, Omolola AO, Udeh HO, Anyasi TA. Antioxidant-rich natural fruit and vegetable products and human health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2020.1866597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Afam I. O. Jideani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
- Postharvest-Handling Group, ISEKI-Food Association, Vienna, Austria
| | - Henry Silungwe
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
| | - Thakhani Takalani
- Univen Centre for Continuing Education, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
| | - Adewale O Omolola
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, School of Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
| | - Henry O Udeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
| | - Tonna A Anyasi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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14
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Sadeghian M, Asadi M, Rahmani S, Sadeghi N, Hosseini SA, Zare Javid A. Lycopene Does Not Affect Prostate-Specific Antigen in Men with Non-Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:2796-2807. [PMID: 33355018 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1862254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated the effect of lycopene supplementation on serum levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in patients with prostate cancer. However, results have been inconclusive. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Scopus up to January 2020 to find RCTs investigating the effect of lycopene supplementation on serum levels of PSA in patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer. Using a random-effects model, the reported risk estimates were pooled. A total of six trials were included in the final analysis. we found no significant effect of lycopene on circulating PSA (WMD: -0.60, 95% CI: -2.01, 0.81 µg/L). However, we observed a significant reducing effect when the analysis was confined to studies that included patients with higher baseline levels of PSA (≥6.5 µg/L) (WMD: -3.74 µg/L, 95% CI: -5.15, -2.32, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis based on the duration of intervention did not result in any significant effect. Non-linear dose-response analysis did not show any significant effects of lycopene dosage (Pnon-linearity = 0.50) and duration of the intervention (Pnon-linearity = 0.63) on serum levels of PSA. Although lycopene supplementation did not produce any reduction in PSA levels overall, a significant reducing effect was observed in patients with higher levels of baseline PSA. Due to the heterogeneity of our results, further high-quality clinical trials with long-term duration are required to determine the efficacy of lycopene in patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sadeghian
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Asadi
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Rahmani
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Narges Sadeghi
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Zare Javid
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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15
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Wang Z, Zhang R, Yang Q, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Zheng Y, Yang J. Recent advances in the biosynthesis of isoprenoids in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2020; 114:1-35. [PMID: 33934850 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Isoprenoids, as the largest group of chemicals in the domains of life, constitute more than 50,000 members. These compounds consist of different numbers of isoprene units (C5H8), by which they are typically classified into hemiterpenoids (C5), monoterpenoids (C10), sesquiterpenoids (C15), diterpenoids (C20), triterpenoids (C30), and tetraterpenoids (C40). In recent years, isoprenoids have been employed as food additives, in the pharmaceutical industry, as advanced biofuels, and so on. To realize the sufficient and efficient production of valuable isoprenoids on an industrial scale, fermentation using engineered microorganisms is a promising strategy compared to traditional plant extraction and chemical synthesis. Due to the advantages of mature genetic manipulation, robustness and applicability to industrial bioprocesses, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has become an attractive microbial host for biochemical production, including that of various isoprenoids. In this review, we summarized the advances in the biosynthesis of isoprenoids in engineered S. cerevisiae over several decades, including synthetic pathway engineering, microbial host engineering, and central carbon pathway engineering. Furthermore, the challenges and corresponding strategies towards improving isoprenoid production in engineered S. cerevisiae were also summarized. Finally, suggestions and directions for isoprenoid production in engineered S. cerevisiae in the future are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobao Wang
- Energy-Rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rubing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qun Yang
- Energy-Rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jintian Zhang
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
| | - Youxi Zhao
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanning Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Energy-Rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
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16
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Wang Z, Sun J, Yang Q, Yang J. Metabolic Engineering Escherichia coli for the Production of Lycopene. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143136. [PMID: 32659911 PMCID: PMC7397254 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycopene, a potent antioxidant, has been widely used in the fields of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics. However, the production of lycopene extracted from natural sources is far from meeting the demand. Consequently, synthetic biology and metabolic engineering have been employed to develop microbial cell factories for lycopene production. Due to the advantages of rapid growth, complete genetic background, and a reliable genetic operation technique, Escherichia coli has become the preferred host cell for microbial biochemicals production. In this review, the recent advances in biological lycopene production using engineered E. coli strains are summarized: First, modification of the endogenous MEP pathway and introduction of the heterogeneous MVA pathway for lycopene production are outlined. Second, the common challenges and strategies for lycopene biosynthesis are also presented, such as the optimization of other metabolic pathways, modulation of regulatory networks, and optimization of auxiliary carbon sources and the fermentation process. Finally, the future prospects for the improvement of lycopene biosynthesis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobao Wang
- Energy-Rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
| | - JingXin Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
| | - Qun Yang
- Energy-Rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.Y.); (J.Y.); Tel.: +86-131-4543-1413 (Q.Y.); +86-135-8938-5827 (J.Y.); Fax: +86-532-589-57640 (J.Y.)
| | - Jianming Yang
- Energy-Rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.Y.); (J.Y.); Tel.: +86-131-4543-1413 (Q.Y.); +86-135-8938-5827 (J.Y.); Fax: +86-532-589-57640 (J.Y.)
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17
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Sharma D, Koul A, Kaul S, Dhar MK. Tissue-specific transcriptional regulation and metabolite accumulation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). PROTOPLASMA 2020; 257:1093-1108. [PMID: 32152722 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01492-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Tomato is an excellent model for studying fruit development, ripening, and other secondary metabolic pathways such as carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, flavonoid pathway, and many more. Tomato fruit development and ripening occurs under tight genetic control and involves the expression of thousands of genes affecting fruit quality and accumulation of pigments and metabolites. Here, we have described the development of a microarray platform that has allowed establishment of a framework for quantification of the expression of large number of genes and transcription factors possibly regulating various secondary metabolic pathways in tomato. To unravel the molecular mechanisms of fruit development and ripening, a tomato 60-mer oligonucleotide 44 K microarray along with the custom array for many genes and transcription factors was designed and validated in the fruit and leaf tissues. Comparative profiling of gene expression studies has allowed us to identify a large number of differentially expressed genes and transcription factors. Gene ontology revealed the involvement of these genes in various biological, cellular, and molecular processes like isoprenoid, terpenoid, pigment, ethylene biosynthesis, phytohormone signaling, and fruit ripening. Further, correlation, as well as differential expression studies, has revealed that several transcription factors like RIN, AGAMOUS, TAGL1, MYB, MADS-box etc. could be the possible regulators of various secondary metabolic pathways. The present study has identified various metabolites, their biosynthetic pathways and genes which may possibly be controlled by different transcription factors. The present findings have laid a base for understanding the transcriptional and metabolic shifts which occur in parallel during programmed fruit ripening and developmental processes in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Sharma
- Genome Research Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India
| | - Archana Koul
- Genome Research Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India
| | - Sanjana Kaul
- Genome Research Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India
| | - Manoj K Dhar
- Genome Research Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India.
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18
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Nutraceutical Effects of Lycopene in Experimental Varicocele: An "In Vivo" Model to Study Male Infertility. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051536. [PMID: 32466161 PMCID: PMC7284888 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Varicocele is one of the main causes of infertility in men. Oxidative stress and consequently apoptosis activation contribute to varicocele pathogenesis, worsening its prognosis. Natural products, such as lycopene, showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in several experimental models, also in testes. In this study we investigated lycopene effects in an experimental model of varicocele. Male rats (n = 14) underwent sham operations and were administered with vehicle (n = 7) or with lycopene (n = 7; 1 mg/kg i.p., daily). Another group of animals (n = 14) underwent surgical varicocele. After 28 days, the sham and 7 varicocele animals were euthanized, and both operated and contralateral testes were weighted and processed. The remaining rats were treated with lycopene (1 mg/kg i.p., daily) for 30 days. Varicocele rats showed reduced testosterone levels, testes weight, Bcl-2 mRNA expression, changes in testes structure and increased malondialdehyde levels and BAX gene expression. TUNEL (Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase dUTP Nick End Labeling) assay showed an increased number of apoptotic cells. Treatment with lycopene significantly increased testosterone levels, testes weight, and Bcl-2 mRNA expression, improved tubular structure and decreased malondialdehyde levels, BAX mRNA expression and TUNEL-positive cells. The present results show that lycopene exerts beneficial effects in testes, and suggest that supplementation with the tomato-derived carotenoid might be considered a novel nutraceutical strategy for the treatment of varicocele and male infertility.
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19
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Ma JK, Saad Eldin WF, El-Ghareeb WR, Elhelaly AE, Khedr MHE, Li X, Huang XC. Effects of Pyrene on Human Liver HepG2 Cells: Cytotoxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Transcriptomic Changes in Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzymes and Inflammatory Markers with Protection Trial Using Lycopene. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7604851. [PMID: 31687396 PMCID: PMC6803749 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7604851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pyrene is one of the major polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons formed during heat treatment of meat and in car exhausts; however, few studies have investigated pyrene-induced adverse effects on human cell lines. This study aimed at the investigation of pyrene-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative damage in human liver HepG2 cells at environmentally relevant concentrations. Pyrene-induced changes in mRNA expression of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XMEs), xenobiotic transporters, antioxidant enzymes, and inflammatory markers were investigated using real-time PCR. As a protection trial, the ameliorative effects of lycopene, a carotenoid abundantly found in tomato, were investigated. The possible mechanisms behind such effects were examined via studying the co exposure effects of pyrene and lycopene on regulatory elements including the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Air) and elytroid 2-related factor 2 (RF). The achieved results indicated that pyrene caused significant cytotoxicity at 50 n, with a clear production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a dose-dependent manner. Pyrene upregulated mRNA expression of phase I enzymes including CYP1A1, 1A2, and CYP1B1 and inflammatory markers including TNFα and Cox2. However, pyrene significantly downregulated phase II enzymes, xenobiotic transporters, and antioxidant enzymes. Interestingly, lycopene significantly reduced pyrene-induced cytotoxicity and ROS production. Moreover, lycopene upregulated detoxification and antioxidant enzymes, probably via its regulatory effects on Air- and RF-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kui Ma
- School of Food & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China
| | - Walaa Fathy Saad Eldin
- Educational Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Waleed Rizk El-Ghareeb
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Husbandry, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelazim Elsayed Elhelaly
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Mariam H. E. Khedr
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Huang
- School of Food & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China
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20
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Kopec RE, Caris‐Veyrat C, Nowicki M, Bernard J, Morange S, Chitchumroonchokchai C, Gleize B, Borel P. The Effect of an Iron Supplement on Lycopene Metabolism and Absorption During Digestion in Healthy Humans. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900644. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Kopec
- INRA UMR408University of Avignon Avignon France
- Human Nutrition ProgramThe Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Patrick Borel
- INRA, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, C2VN Marseille France
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21
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Nouri M, Amani R, Nasr-Esfahani M, Tarrahi MJ. The effects of lycopene supplement on the spermatogram and seminal oxidative stress in infertile men: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res 2019; 33:3203-3211. [PMID: 31468596 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Infertility is a major, worldwide problem that is affected, and mediated, by several factors, in particular, oxidative stress. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lycopene supplementation on spermatogram and seminal oxidative stress. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial study, 44 infertile men with oligozoospermia were randomly divided into two groups: The experimental group was supplemented with 25 mg of lycopene, and the control group received placebo for 12 weeks. Anthropometric, physical activity and dietary assessment, semen analysis, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde, and glutathione peroxidase were measured pre- and post-intervention. At the end of the study, there was a significant increase in total sperm count and concentration in the lycopene group, and the latter total count remained significant after adjustment (p < .05). Intragroup analysis showed a significant increase in ejaculate volume, total sperm count, concentration total motility, nonprogressive, and nonmotility in lycopene group (p < .05). The TAC changes, in both groups, remained significant after adjustment (p < .05). Also, within-group analysis showed a significant increase in TAC levels (p < .05). Lycopene supplement can improve sperm parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers in oligozoospermia infertile men; however, further studies with larger sample size and duration are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Nouri
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Amani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadhossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Centre, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Tarrahi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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22
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Stojiljković N, Ilić S, Stojanović N, Stojanović S, Stoiljković M. Lycopene improves methotrexate-induced functional alterations of the Madin-Darby kidney cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 98:111-116. [PMID: 31369713 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lycopene is one of the most potent antioxidants among carotenoids due to its ability to quench singlet oxygen and react with free radicals to reduce DNA damage. Methotrexate is widely used in the treatment of several types of cancers and autoimmune diseases. One of the most common side effects of a high-dose of methotrexate is kidney injury. In this study, we evaluated effects of lycopene on the Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK) treated with methotrexate through the estimation of their mitochondrial and lysosomal functions ((4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide reduction assay and neutral red uptake assay) and changes in cell oxidative status (determination of advanced oxidized proteins concentrations and reduced glutathione levels) and lysosomal enzymes activity (β-N-acetyl glucosaminidase activity). Results of our study showed that lycopene applied in high concentration caused significant impairment of the MDCK function leading to cell death. Contrarily, in relatively low concentrations lycopene moderately ameliorated methotrexate-induced MDCK cell death estimated by both biochemical and microscopic analyses. It also prevented a significant decline in the MDCK cell lysosomal function estimated by neutral red accumulation ability and activity of the lysosomal enzyme β-N-acetyl glucosaminidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Stojiljković
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Sonja Ilić
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | | | - Sanja Stojanović
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics and Department for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Milan Stoiljković
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
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23
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Formation of lycopene-loaded hydrolysed collagen particles by supercritical impregnation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Phan-Thi H, Waché Y. Behind the Myth of the Fruit of Heaven, a Critical Review on Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.) Contribution to Nutrition. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:4585-4605. [PMID: 31284852 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190705154723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gac, Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng. belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family. It is more considered as a super fruit. The demand for this plant is growing in countries where its reputation is high, including traditional countries of gac culture and countries fond of super fruits and food supplements. In these latter countries, the industrial strategy aims at producing high added value in food supplements or nutritional rich preparations. However, when marketing is not the driving force and claims have to be related to scientific data, the situation of gac is less "heavenly", mainly because its most remarkable properties are in the field of micronutrients. These latter components are indeed very important for health but their supplementation on healthy populations brings no significant advantage. This paper proposes to review aspects important for the nutritional reputation of this plant: where it comes from, how it is cultured to have an optimal nutritional composition, what is its composition and how it can impact health of consumers, in which products it is used and what are the regulations to use it in different markets. One important goal of this review is to give a critical and scientific approach to confirm data on this fruit, which has been promoted by marketing departments injecting so many wrong and unverified information. Missing data will be highlighted and potential positive applications are proposed all along the text.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh Phan-Thi
- International Joint Laboratory Tropical Bioresources & Biotechnology, UMR PAM, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comte, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000 Dijon, France.,The Natencaps Project, France; International Joint Laboratory Tropical Bioresources & Biotechnology, SBFT, Hanoi University of Science & Technology, Hanoi, VietNam
| | - Yves Waché
- International Joint Laboratory Tropical Bioresources & Biotechnology, UMR PAM, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comte, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000 Dijon, France.,The Natencaps Project, France; International Joint Laboratory Tropical Bioresources & Biotechnology, SBFT, Hanoi University of Science & Technology, Hanoi, VietNam
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25
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Bohn T. Carotenoids and Markers of Oxidative Stress in Human Observational Studies and Intervention Trials: Implications for Chronic Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E179. [PMID: 31213029 PMCID: PMC6616644 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8060179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids include C30, C40 and C50 terpenoid-based molecules, many of which constitute coloured pigments. However, >1100 of these are known to occur in nature and only about a dozen are known to play a role in our daily diet. Carotenoids have received much attention due to their proposed health benefits, including reducing the incidence of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Many of these diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation co-occurring with oxidative stress, characterized by, for example, enhanced plasma F2-isoprostane concentrations, malondialdehyde, and 8-hydroxyguanosine. Though carotenoids can act as direct antioxidants, quenching, for example, singlet oxygen and peroxide radicals, an important biological function appears to rest also in the activation of the body's own antioxidant defence system, related to superoxide-dismutase, catalase, and glutathione-peroxidase expression, likely due to the interaction with transcription factors, such as nuclear-factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2). Though mostly based on small-scale and observational studies which do not allow for drawing conclusions regarding causality, several supplementation trials with isolated carotenoids or food items suggest positive health effects. However, negative effects have also been reported, especially regarding beta-carotene for smokers. This review is aimed at summarizing the results from human observational studies/intervention trials targeting carotenoids in relation to chronic diseases characterized by oxidative stress and markers thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Bohn
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg.
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26
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Ilahy R, Tlili I, Siddiqui MW, Hdider C, Lenucci MS. Inside and Beyond Color: Comparative Overview of Functional Quality of Tomato and Watermelon Fruits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:769. [PMID: 31263475 PMCID: PMC6585571 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The quali-quantitative evaluation and the improvement of the levels of plant bioactive secondary metabolites are increasingly gaining consideration by growers, breeders and processors, particularly in those fruits and vegetables that, due to their supposed health promoting properties, are considered "functional." Worldwide, tomato and watermelon are among the main grown and consumed crops and represent important sources not only of dietary lycopene but also of other health beneficial bioactives. Tomato and watermelon synthesize and store lycopene as their major ripe fruit carotenoid responsible of their typical red color at full maturity. It is also the precursor of some characteristic aroma volatiles in both fruits playing, thus, an important visual and olfactory impact in consumer choice. While sharing the same main pigment, tomato and watermelon fruits show substantial biochemical and physiological differences during ripening. Tomato is climacteric while watermelon is non-climacteric; unripe tomato fruit is green, mainly contributed by chlorophylls and xanthophylls, while young watermelon fruit mesocarp is white and contains only traces of carotenoids. Various studies comparatively evaluated in vivo pigment development in ripening tomato and watermelon fruits. However, in most cases, other classes of compounds have not been considered. We believe this knowledge is fundamental for targeted breeding aimed at improving the functional quality of elite cultivars. Hence, in this paper, we critically review the recent understanding underlying the biosynthesis, accumulation and regulation of different bioactive compounds (carotenoids, phenolics, aroma volatiles, and vitamin C) during tomato and watermelon fruit ripening. We also highlight some concerns about possible harmful effects of excessive uptake of bioactive compound on human health. We found that a complex interweaving of anabolic, catabolic and recycling reactions, finely regulated at multiple levels and with temporal and spatial precision, ensures a certain homeostasis in the concentrations of carotenoids, phenolics, aroma volatiles and Vitamin C within the fruit tissues. Nevertheless, several exogenous factors including light and temperature conditions, pathogen attack, as well as pre- and post-harvest manipulations can drive their amounts far away from homeostasis. These adaptive responses allow crops to better cope with abiotic and biotic stresses but may severely affect the supposed functional quality of fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riadh Ilahy
- Laboratory of Horticulture, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Tlili
- Laboratory of Horticulture, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohammed Wasim Siddiqui
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, India
| | - Chafik Hdider
- Laboratory of Horticulture, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marcello Salvatore Lenucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento (DiSTeBA), Lecce, Italy
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most frequent cancer diagnosis made in men and the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. Prostate cancer may be asymptomatic at the early stage and often has an indolent course that may require only active surveillance. Based on GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates, 1,276,106 new cases of prostate cancer were reported worldwide in 2018, with higher prevalence in the developed countries. Differences in the incidence rates worldwide reflect differences in the use of diagnostic testing. Prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates are strongly related to the age with the highest incidence being seen in elderly men (> 65 years of age). African-American men have the highest incidence rates and more aggressive type of prostate cancer compared to White men. There is no evidence yet on how to prevent prostate cancer; however, it is possible to lower the risk by limiting high-fat foods, increasing the intake of vegetables and fruits and performing more exercise. Screening is highly recommended at age 45 for men with familial history and African-American men. Up-to-date statistics on prostate cancer occurrence and outcomes along with a better understanding of the etiology and causative risk factors are essential for the primary prevention of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Rawla
- Hospitalist, Department of Internal Medicine, SOVAH Health, Martinsville, VA 24112, USA.
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28
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Bohn T, Planchon S, Leclercq CC, Renaut J, Mihaly J, Beke G, Rühl R. Proteomic responses of carotenoid and retinol administration to Mongolian gerbils. Food Funct 2018; 9:3835-3844. [PMID: 29951678 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00278a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Various health benefits of carotenoids have been described. However, while human observational studies generally suggest positive health effects, supplementation with relatively high doses of individual carotenoids (supplements) have partly produced adverse effects. In the present study, we investigated the effect of several carotenoids on the proteomic response of male Mongolian gerbils (aged 6 weeks). Five groups of gerbils (n = 6 per group) received either retinol (vitamin A/53 mg per kg bw), all-trans β-carotene (pro-vitamin A/100 mg kg-1), the non-pro vitamin A carotenoid lutein (100 mg kg-1), the acyclic carotenoid lycopene (100 mg kg-1) or vehicle (Cremophor EL), via oral single gavage. Gerbils were 12 h post-prandially sacrificed and blood plasma, liver, and white adipose tissue were collected. For liver and adipose tissue, a 2D-DIGE (difference gel electrophoresis) approach was conducted; for plasma, proteomic analyses were achieved by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Compared to controls (vehicle), various proteins were showing significant abundance variations in plasma (66), liver (29) and adipose tissue (19), especially regarding structure (22), protein metabolism (15) and immune system/inflammation (19) functions, while proteins related to antioxidant effects were generally less abundant, suggesting no in vivo relevance. Surprisingly, a large overlap in protein regulation was found between lycopene and retinol exposure, while other carotenoids, including all-trans β-carotene, did not show this overlap. Mainly retinoid acid receptor co-regulated proteins may mechanistically explain this overlapping regulation. This overlapping regulation may be related to common nuclear hormone receptor mediated signalling, though further studies using synthetic ligands of retinoid receptors targeting protein regulation are needed for confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Bohn
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Population Health Department, 1 A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg.
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29
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Lucas R, Mihály J, Lowe GM, Graham DL, Szklenar M, Szegedi A, Töröcsik D, Rühl R. Reduced Carotenoid and Retinoid Concentrations and Altered Lycopene Isomer Ratio in Plasma of Atopic Dermatitis Patients. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1390. [PMID: 30275368 PMCID: PMC6213761 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids and retinoids are known to alter the allergic response with important physiological roles in the skin and the immune system. In the human organism various carotenoids are present, some of which are retinoid precursors. The bioactive derivatives of these retinoids are the retinoic acids, which can potently activate nuclear hormone receptors such as the retinoic acid receptor and the retinoid X receptor. In this study, we aimed to assess how plasma carotenoid and retinoid concentrations along with the ratio of their isomers are altered in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients (n = 20) compared to healthy volunteers (HV, n = 20). The study indicated that plasma levels of the carotenoids lutein (HV 198 ± 14 ng/mL, AD 158 ± 12 ng/mL, p = 0.02; all values in mean ± SEM), zeaxanthin (HV 349 ± 30 ng/mL, AD 236 ± 18 ng/mL, p ≤ 0.01), as well as the retinoids retinol (HV 216 ± 20 ng/mL, AD 167 ± 17 ng/mL, p = 0.04) and all-trans-retinoic acid (HV 1.1 ± 0.1 ng/mL, AD 0.7 ± 0.1 ng/mL, p = 0.04) were significantly lower in the AD-patients, while lycopene isomers, α-carotene, and β-carotene levels were comparable to that determined in the healthy volunteers. In addition, the ratios of 13-cis- vs. all-trans-lycopene (HV 0.31 ± 0.01, AD 0.45 ± 0.07, p = 0.03) as well as 13-cis- vs. all-trans-retinoic acid (HV 1.4 ± 0.2, AD 2.6 ± 0.6, p = 0.03) were increased in the plasma of AD-patients indicating an AD-specific 13-cis-isomerisation. A positive correlation with SCORAD was calculated with 13-cis- vs. all-trans-lycopene ratio (r = 0.40, p = 0.01), while a negative correlation was observed with zeaxanthin plasma levels (r = -0.42, p = 0.01). Based on our results, we conclude that in the plasma of AD-patients various carotenoids and retinoids are present at lower concentrations, while the ratio of selected lycopene isomers also differed in the AD-patient group. An increase in plasma isomers of both lycopene and retinoic acid may cause an altered activation of nuclear hormone receptor signaling pathways and thus may be partly responsible for the AD-phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Lucas
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Johanna Mihály
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Gordon M Lowe
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Daniel L Graham
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
- Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | | | - Andrea Szegedi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Daniel Töröcsik
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Ralph Rühl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
- Paprika Bioanalytics BT, 4002 Debrecen, Hungary.
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Gómez-Sierra T, Eugenio-Pérez D, Sánchez-Chinchillas A, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Role of food-derived antioxidants against cisplatin induced-nephrotoxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:230-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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31
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Hanson C, Lyden E, Anderson-Berry A, Kocmich N, Rezac A, Delair S, Furtado J, Van Ormer M, Izevbigie N, Olateju EK, Akaba GO, Anigilaje EA, Yunusa T, Obaro S. Status of Retinoids and Carotenoids and Associations with Clinical Outcomes in Maternal-Infant Pairs in Nigeria. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1286. [PMID: 30213044 PMCID: PMC6165164 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is an essential nutrient in pregnancy, and other carotenoids have been independently associated with maternal-infant outcomes. The objective of this study was to quantify the status of vitamin A and carotenoids in Nigerian maternal-infant pairs at delivery, compare these to a cohort from a developed nation, and determine the impact on clinical outcomes. Maternal and cord blood samples were collected in 99 Nigerian mother-infant pairs. Concentrations of lutein + zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, α- and β-carotenes, and retinol were measured using HPLC. Descriptive statistics were calculated and Spearman coefficients were used to assess correlations between maternal and cord measurements; Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare median plasma values between dichotomous variables. Linear regression models were used to adjust for relevant confounders. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Thirty-five percent of mothers had plasma retinol concentrations ≤0.70 µmol/L; 82% of infants had plasma retinol concentrations ≤0.70 µmol/L at delivery. Maternal and infant concentrations of vitamin A compounds were highly correlated and were associated with newborn growth and Apgar scores. Despite plasma concentrations of pro-vitamin A carotenoids higher than those reported in other populations, pregnant Nigerian women have a high prevalence of vitamin A deficiency. As vitamin A related compounds are modifiable by diet, future research determining the clinical impact of these compounds is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrine Hanson
- College of Allied Health Professions Medical Nutrition Education, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4045, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Lyden
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4375, USA.
| | - Ann Anderson-Berry
- Pediatrics 981205 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1205, USA.
| | - Nicholas Kocmich
- Pediatrics 981205 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1205, USA.
| | - Amy Rezac
- Pediatrics 981205 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1205, USA.
| | - Shirley Delair
- Pediatrics 981205 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1205, USA.
| | - Jeremy Furtado
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Matthew Van Ormer
- Pediatrics 981205 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1205, USA.
| | - N Izevbigie
- University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Gwagwalada-Zuba, Gwagwalada P.M.B. 228, Nigeria.
| | - E K Olateju
- University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Gwagwalada-Zuba, Gwagwalada P.M.B. 228, Nigeria.
| | - Godwin O. Akaba
- University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Gwagwalada-Zuba, Gwagwalada P.M.B. 228, Nigeria.
| | - E A Anigilaje
- University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Gwagwalada-Zuba, Gwagwalada P.M.B. 228, Nigeria.
| | - Thairu Yunusa
- University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Gwagwalada-Zuba, Gwagwalada P.M.B. 228,
| | - Stephen Obaro
- Pediatrics 981205 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1205, USA.
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32
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Moran NE, Mohn ES, Hason N, Erdman JW, Johnson EJ. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Impacting Absorption, Metabolism, and Health Effects of Dietary Carotenoids. Adv Nutr 2018; 9:465-492. [PMID: 30032230 PMCID: PMC6054194 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are orange, yellow, and red lipophilic pigments present in many fruit and vegetables, as well as other food groups. Some carotenoids contribute to vitamin A requirements. The consumption and blood concentrations of specific carotenoids have been associated with reduced risks of a number of chronic conditions. However, the interpretation of large, population-based observational and prospective clinical trials is often complicated by the many extrinsic and intrinsic factors that affect the physiologic response to carotenoids. Extrinsic factors affecting carotenoid bioavailability include food-based factors, such as co-consumed lipid, food processing, and molecular structure, as well as environmental factors, such as interactions with prescription drugs, smoking, or alcohol consumption. Intrinsic, physiologic factors associated with blood and tissue carotenoid concentrations include age, body composition, hormonal fluctuations, and variation in genes associated with carotenoid absorption and metabolism. To most effectively investigate carotenoid bioactivity and to utilize blood or tissue carotenoid concentrations as biomarkers of intake, investigators should either experimentally or statistically control for confounding variables affecting the bioavailability, tissue distribution, and metabolism of carotene and xanthophyll species. Although much remains to be investigated, recent advances have highlighted that lipid co-consumption, baseline vitamin A status, smoking, body mass and body fat distribution, and genetics are relevant covariates for interpreting blood serum or plasma carotenoid responses. These and other intrinsic and extrinsic factors are discussed, highlighting remaining gaps in knowledge and opportunities for future research. To provide context, we review the state of knowledge with regard to the prominent health effects of carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E Moran
- USDA–Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Emily S Mohn
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Noor Hason
- USDA–Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - John W Erdman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Elizabeth J Johnson
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
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Carotenoid Lutein Selectively Inhibits Breast Cancer Cell Growth and Potentiates the Effect of Chemotherapeutic Agents through ROS-Mediated Mechanisms. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040905. [PMID: 29662002 PMCID: PMC6017803 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that dietary carotenoids may reduce the risk of breast cancer. However, anti-breast cancer effects of carotenoids have been controversial, albeit understudied. Here, we investigated the effects of specific carotenoids on a wide range of breast cancer cell lines, and found that among several carotenoids (including β-carotene, lutein, and astaxanthin), lutein significantly inhibits breast cancer cell growth by inducing cell-cycle arrest and caspase-independent cell death, but it has little effect on the growth of primary mammary epithelial cells (PmECs). Moreover, lutein-mediated growth inhibition of breast cancer cells is quantitatively similar to that induced by chemotherapeutic taxanes, paclitaxel and docetaxel, and exposure to lutein plus taxanes additively inhibits breast cancer cell growth. Analysis of mechanisms showed that lutein treatment significantly increases the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, but not in normal PmECs. Lutein-induced growth inhibition is also attenuated by the radical oxygen scavenger N-acetyl cysteine, suggesting a role for ROS generation in the growth inhibitory effect of lutein on TNBC cells. Additionally, we found that the p53 signaling pathway is activated and HSP60 levels are increased by lutein treatment, which may contribute partly to the induction of growth inhibition in TNBC cells. Our findings show that lutein promotes growth inhibition of breast cancer cells through increased cell type-specific ROS generation and alternation of several signaling pathways. Dietary lutein supplementation may be a promising alternative and/or adjunct therapeutic candidate against breast cancer.
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Costa-Rodrigues J, Pinho O, Monteiro P. Can lycopene be considered an effective protection against cardiovascular disease? Food Chem 2018; 245:1148-1153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Serum Lycopene Concentrations and Associations with Clinical Outcomes in a Cohort of Maternal-Infant Dyads. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020204. [PMID: 29438287 PMCID: PMC5852780 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been associated with adverse neonatal outcomes, and many carotenoids, including lycopene, potentially have antioxidant properties. The objective of this analysis was to explore the associations between serum lycopene concentrations, including lycopene isomers, and maternal-newborn outcomes. Maternal and cord blood samples were collected in 180 mother-infant pairs. Serum of total lycopene as well as the cis- and trans-isomers concentrations were measured using HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). Descriptive statistics were calculated; Spearman coefficients were used to assess correlations between maternal and cord concentrations. The relationship between lycopene concentration and outcomes were evaluated with linear and logistic regression models, with adjustment for relevant confounders. A p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Maternal and cord serum lycopene concentrations were positively correlated for total lycopene (r = 0.30, p < 0.0001), cis-lycopene (r = 0.29, p = 0.0002); and trans-lycopene (r = 0.32, p < 0.0001). Maternal concentrations of cis-lycopene were significantly lower in mothers whose infants developed respiratory distress syndrome compared to those who did not (0.336 ± 0.171 vs. 0.445 ± 0.238 µmol/L, p = 0.04) and also in mothers whose babies were admitted to the newborn intensive care unit compared to those who were not (0.380 ± 0.202 vs. 0.458 ± 0.244 µmol/L, p = 0.04). Conversely, cord concentrations of trans-lycopene were significantly higher in infants who developed RDS (Respiratory Distress Syndrome) (0.023 ± 0.012 vs. 0.016 ± 0.012, p = 0.007 for RDS vs. no RDS), and a similar pattern was seen NICU admission (0.023 ± 0.016 vs. 0.015 ± 0.009 µmol/L for NICU (Newborn Intensive Care Unit) admission vs. no NICU admission, p = 0.007). Maternal concentrations of total and cis-lycopene were positively associated with infant birth weight, length and head circumference after adjustment for relevant confounders. As serum carotenoids, including lycopene, are modifiable by diet, future research determining the clinical impact of these compounds is warranted.
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Song B, Liu K, Gao Y, Zhao L, Fang H, Li Y, Pei L, Xu Y. Lycopene and risk of cardiovascular diseases: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28318092 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201601009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The aim of current meta-analysis was to investigate the relation between lycopene and risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). METHODS AND RESULTS Studies concerning about the association between lycopene and risk of CVD were searched on Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to October 2016. A total of 14 eligible studies were identified. A significantly inverse association with a pooled risk ratio (RR) of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.76-0.90) was shown between lycopene exposure and risk of CVD. Findings were similar restricting to dietary studies (RR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.79-0.96) and biomarker studies (RR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0. 62-0.87).Dietary lycopene intake was statistically significant for coronary heart disease (CHD) (RR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.76-0.98) and stroke (RR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.69-0.96).The pooled risk estimate was generally similar for lycopene biomarker concentrations, but the association was only statistically significant for stroke (RR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.42-0.87). Subgroup analyses showed that retrospective and low quality studies were statistically significant sources of heterogeneity. CONCLUSION Higher lycopene exposure is inversely associated with a lower risk of CVD. Further well-designed randomized clinical trials are required to assess the role of lycopene on CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Lulu Pei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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Schweiggert RM, Carle R. Carotenoid deposition in plant and animal foods and its impact on bioavailability. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:1807-1830. [PMID: 26115350 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1012756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, an enormous body of literature dealing with the natural deposition of carotenoids in plant- and animal-based foods has accumulated. Prominent examples are the large solid-crystalline aggregates in carrots and tomatoes or the lipid-dissolved forms in dairy products and egg yolk. Latest research has identified lipid-dissolved forms in a rare number of plant foods, such as tangerine tomatoes and peach palm fruit (Bactris gasipaes Kunth). In addition, liquid-crystalline forms were assumed in so-called tubular chromoplasts of numerous fruits, e.g., in papaya, mango, and bell pepper. The bioavailability of carotenoids from fresh and processed foods strongly depends on their genuine deposition form, since their effective absorption to the human organism requires their liberation from the food matrix and subsequent solubilization into mixed micelles in the small intestine. Consequently, a broad overview about the natural array of carotenoid deposition forms should be helpful to better understand and modulate their bioavailability from foods. Furthermore, naturally highly bioavailable forms may provide biomimetic models for the improved formulation of carotenoids in food supplements. Therefore, this review paper presents scientific evidence from human intervention studies associating carotenoid deposition forms with their bioavailability, thus suggesting novel technological and dietary strategies for their enhanced absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Schweiggert
- a Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Hohenheim University , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - R Carle
- a Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Hohenheim University , Stuttgart , Germany.,b Biological Science Department , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
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Dueñas-García IE, Heres-Pulido ME, Arellano-Llamas MR, De la Cruz-Núñez J, Cisneros-Carrillo V, Palacios-López CS, Acosta-Anaya L, Santos-Cruz LF, Castañeda-Partida L, Durán-Díaz A. Lycopene, resveratrol, vitamin C and FeSO 4 increase damage produced by pro-oxidant carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide in Drosophila melanogaster: Xenobiotic metabolism implications. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 103:233-245. [PMID: 28202360 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) is a pro-oxidant carcinogen bioactivated by xenobiotic metabolism (XM). We investigated if antioxidants lycopene [0.45, 0.9, 1.8 μM], resveratrol [11, 43, 172 μM], and vitamin C [5.6 mM] added or not with FeSO4 [0.06 mM], modulate the genotoxicity of 4-NQO [2 mM] with the Drosophila wing spot test standard (ST) and high bioactivation (HB) crosses, with inducible and high levels of cytochromes P450, respectively. The genotoxicity of 4-NQO was higher when dissolved in an ethanol - acetone mixture. The antioxidants did not protect against 4-NQO in any of both crosses. In the ST cross, resveratrol [11 μM], vitamin C and FeSO4 resulted in genotoxicity; the three antioxidants and FeSO4 increased the damage of 4-NQO. In the HB cross, none of the antioxidants, neither FeSO4, were genotoxic. Only resveratrol [172 μM] + 4-NQO increased the genotoxic activity in both crosses. We concluded that the effects of the antioxidants, FeSO4 and the modulation of 4-NQO were the result of the difference of Cyp450s levels, between the ST and HB crosses. We propose that the basal levels of the XM's enzymes in the ST cross interacted with a putative pro-oxidant activity of the compounds added to the pro-oxidant effects of 4-NQO.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E Dueñas-García
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - M E Heres-Pulido
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - M R Arellano-Llamas
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - J De la Cruz-Núñez
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - V Cisneros-Carrillo
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - C S Palacios-López
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - L Acosta-Anaya
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - L F Santos-Cruz
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - L Castañeda-Partida
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - A Durán-Díaz
- Mathematics, Biology, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
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Kopec RE, Gleize B, Borel P, Desmarchelier C, Caris-Veyrat C. Are lutein, lycopene, and β-carotene lost through the digestive process? Food Funct 2017; 8:1494-1503. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00021a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The bioavailability of many carotenoids has been assessed, but little attention has been given to the metabolism of these antioxidant compounds during digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Kopec
- INRA
- UMR408
- Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale
- F-84000 Avignon
- France
| | - Béatrice Gleize
- INRA
- UMR408
- Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale
- F-84000 Avignon
- France
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Abstract
Epidemiological evidence indicates that high consumption of tomatoes and tomato-based products reduces the risk of chronic diseases such as CVD and cancer. Such potential benefits are often ascribed to high concentrations of lycopene present in tomato products. Mainly from the results of in vitro studies, potential biological mechanisms by which carotenoids could protect against heart disease and cancer have been suggested. These include cholesterol reduction, inhibition of oxidation processes, modulation of inflammatory markers, enhanced intercellular communication, inhibition of tumourigenesis and induction of apoptosis, metabolism to retinoids and antiangiogenic effects. However, with regard to CVD, results from intervention studies gave mixed results. Over fifty human intervention trials with lycopene supplements or tomato-based products have been conducted to date, the majority being underpowered. Many showed some beneficial effects but mostly on non-established cardiovascular risk markers such as lipid peroxidation, DNA oxidative damage, platelet activation and inflammatory markers. Only a few studies showed improvement in lipid profiles, C reactive protein and blood pressure. However, recent findings indicate that lycopene could exert cardiovascular protection by lowering HDL-associated inflammation, as well as by modulating HDL functionality towards an antiatherogenic phenotype. Furthermore, in vitro studies indicate that lycopene could modulate T lymphocyte activity, which would also inhibit atherogenic processes and confer cardiovascular protection. These findings also suggest that HDL functionality deserves further consideration as a potential early marker for CVD risk, modifiable by dietary factors such as lycopene.
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Aydemir G, Kasiri Y, Bartók EM, Birta E, Fröhlich K, Böhm V, Mihaly J, Rühl R. Lycopene supplementation restores vitamin A deficiency in mice and possesses thereby partial pro-vitamin A activity transmitted via RAR signaling. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2413-2420. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Aydemir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical and Health Science Center University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Yasamin Kasiri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical and Health Science Center University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Emöke-Márta Bartók
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical and Health Science Center University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Eszter Birta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical and Health Science Center University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Kati Fröhlich
- Institute of Nutrition; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Jena Germany
| | - Volker Böhm
- Institute of Nutrition; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Jena Germany
| | - Johanna Mihaly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical and Health Science Center University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Ralph Rühl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical and Health Science Center University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
- Paprika Bioanalytics BT; Debrecen Hungary
- MTA-DE Public Health Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Faculty of Public Health University Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
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Bouch S, Harding R, O’Reilly M, Wood LG, Sozo F. Impact of Dietary Tomato Juice on Changes in Pulmonary Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Structure Induced by Neonatal Hyperoxia in Mice (Mus musculus). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159633. [PMID: 27438045 PMCID: PMC4954692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many preterm infants require hyperoxic gas for survival, although it can contribute to lung injury. Experimentally, neonatal hyperoxia leads to persistent alterations in lung structure and increases leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). These effects of hyperoxia on the lungs are considered to be caused, at least in part, by increased oxidative stress. Our objective was to determine if dietary supplementation with a known source of antioxidants (tomato juice, TJ) could protect the developing lung from injury caused by breathing hyperoxic gas. Neonatal mice (C57BL6/J) breathed either 65% O2 (hyperoxia) or room air from birth until postnatal day 7 (P7d); some underwent necropsy at P7d and others were raised in room air until adulthood (P56d). In subsets of both groups, drinking water was replaced with TJ (diluted 50:50 in water) from late gestation to necropsy. At P7d and P56d, we analyzed total antioxidant capacity (TAC), markers of oxidative stress (nitrotyrosine and heme oxygenase-1 expression), inflammation (interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression), collagen (COL) and smooth muscle in the lungs; we also assessed lung structure. We quantified macrophages in lung tissue (at P7d) and leukocytes in BALF (at P56d). At P7d, TJ increased pulmonary TAC and COL1α1 expression and attenuated the hyperoxia-induced increase in nitrotyrosine and macrophage influx; however, changes in lung structure were not affected. At P56d, TJ increased TAC, decreased oxidative stress and reversed the hyperoxia-induced increase in bronchiolar smooth muscle. Additionally, TJ alone decreased IL-1β expression, but following hyperoxia TJ increased TNF-α expression and did not alter the hyperoxia-induced increase in leukocyte number. We conclude that TJ supplementation during and after neonatal exposure to hyperoxia protects the lung from some but not all aspects of hyperoxia-induced injury, but may also have adverse side-effects. The effects of TJ are likely due to elevation of circulating antioxidant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Bouch
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Richard Harding
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Megan O’Reilly
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa G. Wood
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Foula Sozo
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Gong X, Marisiddaiah R, Zaripheh S, Wiener D, Rubin LP. Mitochondrial β-Carotene 9',10' Oxygenase Modulates Prostate Cancer Growth via NF-κB Inhibition: A Lycopene-Independent Function. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:966-975. [PMID: 27406826 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite numerous inquiries into protective roles of lycopene in prostate cancer prevention or therapy, little is known about mechanisms by which lycopene or its metabolites inhibit prostate cancer. The enzyme β-carotene 9',10'-oxygenase (BCO2), which catalyzes asymmetric cleavage of several carotenoids, is the principal regulator of lycopene metabolism, but the range of BCO2 biological functions is incompletely understood. This study investigated expression and functional roles of BCO2 in human prostate cancer. Expression of the bco2 gene is dramatically decreased in prostate cancer tissue and in a range of prostate cancer cell lines as compared with nonneoplastic prostate tissue and normal prostatic epithelial cells, respectively. Inhibition of DNA methyltransferase activity restored bco2 expression in prostate cancer cell lines tested. Treatment with lycopene or its metabolite, apo-10-lycopenal, also increased bco2 expression and reduced cell proliferation in androgen-sensitive cell lines, but lycopene neither altered bco2 expression nor cell growth in androgen-resistant cells. Notably, restoring bco2 expression in prostate cancer cells inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation, irrespective of lycopene exposure. Exogenous expression of either wild-type BCO2 or a mutant (enzymatically inactive) BCO2 in prostate cancer cells reduced NF-κB activity and decreased NF-κB nuclear translocation and DNA binding. Together, these results indicate epigenetic loss of BCO2 expression is associated with prostate cancer progression. Moreover, these findings describe previously unanticipated functions of BCO2 that are independent of its enzymatic role in lycopene metabolism. IMPLICATIONS This study identifies BCO2 as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer. BCO2-mediated inhibition of NF-κB signaling implies BCO2 status is important in prostate cancer progression. Mol Cancer Res; 14(10); 966-75. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas
| | | | - Susan Zaripheh
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Lewis P Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas.
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Jian X, Zhou S, Zhang C, Hua Q. In silico identification of gene amplification targets based on analysis of production and growth coupling. Biosystems 2016; 145:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Skiepko N, Chwastowska-Siwiecka I, Kondratowicz J, Mikulski D. Fatty acid profile, total cholesterol, vitamin content, and TBARS value of turkey breast muscle cured with the addition of lycopene. Poult Sci 2016; 95:1182-90. [PMID: 26908896 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of lycopene addition for curing turkey meat on the profile of fatty acids, total cholesterol, vitamin content, and the TBARS of the final products. The analyzed material comprised 64 breast muscles, of which 16 (RBM) were immediately transported to a laboratory. Another 16 (UBM) were heat treated in a convection steam oven, and 32 muscles were cured for 3 days in two types of curing mixture: without (CBM) and with (CBM+Lyc) tomato peel extract standardized for 5% lycopene content. After completed curing, samples were steamed and grilled under the same conditions as raw samples. Statistical analysis demonstrated the highest (P≤0.01) mean content of vitamin A (0.07 μg/g) in chilled muscles. The content of vitamin E was lower (P≤0.01) in UBM samples than in CBM+Lyc and RBM. The TBARS value was the lowest (P≤0.01) in RBM muscles (0.35 mg MDA/kg of meat). Although there were no differences between products, but lower TBARS were found in CBM+Lyc samples. The content of cholesterol was higher (P≤0.01) in CBM+Lyc products than in the RBM and UBM. RBM samples contained (P≤0.01) the lowest amount of saturated, monounsaturated, and hypercholesterolemic fatty acids, and the highest of unsaturated, polyunsaturated, and hypocholesterolemic fatty acids. CBM+Lyc samples contained (P≤0.01) less hypercholesterolemic and more hypocholesterolemic fatty acids than CBM group. Higher (P≤0.01) unsaturated/saturated and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic fatty acid ratios were also found in CBM+Lyc products. The study demonstrated that the used processing technology caused reduction (P≤0.01) of n-3 and n-6 PUFA content. Findings suggest that the addition of lycopene in the process of meat curing and heat treatment in meat industry do not change the content of vitamins and cholesterol or alter the TBARS value in turkey meat products. Nevertheless, lycopene can be used to increase the content of essential hypocholesterolemic fatty acids and decrease the content of saturated hypercholesterolemic fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Skiepko
- Department of Commodity Science and Animal Raw Material Processing, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - I Chwastowska-Siwiecka
- Department of Commodity Science and Animal Raw Material Processing, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - J Kondratowicz
- Department of Commodity Science and Animal Raw Material Processing, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - D Mikulski
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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Pan SY, Gao SH, Lin RC, Zhou SF, Dong HG, Tang MK, Yu ZL, Ko KM. New perspectives on dietary-derived treatments and food safety-antinomy in a new era. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 55:1836-59. [PMID: 24915382 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.654286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the advances in science and technology and wide use of chemical drugs, dietary intervention (or food therapy) remains useful in preventing or treating many human diseases. A huge body of evidence shows that the dietary pattern or habit is also an important contributing factor to the development of chronic diseases such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and cancers. In recent years, over-the-counter health foods, nutraceuticals, and plant-derived medicinal products have been gaining popularity all over the world, particularly in developed countries. Unfortunately, owing to the contamination with various harmful substances in foods and the presence of toxic food components, food-borne diseases have also become increasingly problematic. Incidents of food poisonings or tainted food have been increasing worldwide, particularly in China and other developing countries. Therefore, the government should put in a greater effort in enforcing food safety by improving the surveillance mechanism and exerting highest standards of quality control for foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Pan
- a Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing , China
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47
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Moran NE, Novotny JA, Cichon MJ, Riedl KM, Rogers RB, Grainger EM, Schwartz SJ, Erdman JW, Clinton SK. Absorption and Distribution Kinetics of the 13C-Labeled Tomato Carotenoid Phytoene in Healthy Adults. J Nutr 2016; 146:368-76. [PMID: 26674763 PMCID: PMC4725433 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.220525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytoene is a tomato carotenoid that may contribute to the apparent health benefits of tomato consumption. Although phytoene is a less prominent tomato carotenoid than lycopene, it is a major carotenoid in various human tissues. Phytoene distribution to plasma lipoproteins and tissues differs from lycopene, suggesting the kinetics of phytoene and lycopene differ. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to characterize the kinetic parameters of phytoene absorption, distribution, and excretion in adults, to better understand why biodistribution of phytoene differs from lycopene. METHODS Four adults (2 males, 2 females) maintained a controlled phytoene diet (1-5 mg/d) for 42 d. On day 14, each consumed 3.2 mg (13)C-phytoene, produced using tomato cell suspension culture technology. Blood samples were collected at 0, 1-15, 17, 21, and 24 h and 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, and 28 d after (13)C-phytoene consumption. Plasma-unlabeled and plasma-labeled phytoene concentrations were determined using ultra-HPLC-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry, and data were fit to a 7-compartment carotenoid kinetic model using WinSAAM 3.0.7 software. RESULTS Subjects were compliant with a controlled phytoene diet, consuming a mean ± SE of 2.5 ± 0.6 mg/d, resulting in a plasma unlabeled phytoene concentration of 71 ± 14 nmol/L. A maximal plasma (13)C-phytoene concentration of 55.6 ± 5.9 nM was achieved 19.8 ± 9.2 h after consumption, and the plasma half-life was 2.3 ± 0.2 d. Compared with previous results for lycopene, phytoene bioavailability was nearly double at 58% ± 19%, the clearance rate from chylomicrons was slower, and the rates of deposition into and utilization by the slow turnover tissue compartment were nearly 3 times greater. CONCLUSIONS Although only differing from lycopene by 4 double bonds, phytoene exhibits markedly different kinetic characteristics in human plasma, providing insight into metabolic processes contributing to phytoene enrichment in plasma and tissues compared with lycopene. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01692340.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E Moran
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | | | - Kenneth M Riedl
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center,,Department of Food Science and Technology, and
| | - Randy B Rogers
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | | | - Steven J Schwartz
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center,,Department of Food Science and Technology, and
| | - John W Erdman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Steven K Clinton
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH;
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Liao J, Zheng N, Qu B. An Improved Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction Method by Optimizing the Ultrasonic Frequency for Enhancing the Extraction Efficiency of Lycopene from Tomatoes. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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49
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Ilahy R, Piro G, Tlili I, Riahi A, Sihem R, Ouerghi I, Hdider C, Lenucci MS. Fractionate analysis of the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activities in advanced breeding lines of high-lycopene tomatoes. Food Funct 2016; 7:574-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00553a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The results of the first study characterizing new high-lycopene tomato advanced breeding lines, to determine the phytochemical content as well asin vitroantioxidant activities of peel, pulp and seed fractions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riadh Ilahy
- Laboratory of Horticulture
- National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia
- 2049 Ariana
- Tunisia
| | - Gabriella Piro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali
- Università del Salento
- 73100 Lecce
- Italy
| | - Imen Tlili
- Laboratory of Horticulture
- National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia
- 2049 Ariana
- Tunisia
| | | | - Rabaoui Sihem
- Laboratory of Agricultural Applied Biotechnology
- National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia
- Tunis
- Tunisia
| | - Imen Ouerghi
- Laboratory of Horticulture
- National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia
- 2049 Ariana
- Tunisia
| | - Chafik Hdider
- Laboratory of Horticulture
- National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia
- 2049 Ariana
- Tunisia
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50
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Murillo AG, Fernandez ML. Potential of Dietary Non-Provitamin A Carotenoids in the Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic Microvascular Complications. Adv Nutr 2016; 7:14-24. [PMID: 26773012 PMCID: PMC4717886 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.009803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that affects a substantial part of the population around the world. Whether type I or type II, this disease has serious macro- and microvascular complications that constitute the primary cause of death in diabetic patients. Microvascular complications include diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Although these complications are clinically and etiologically diverse, they share a common factor: glucose-induced damage. In the progression of diabetic complications, oxidative stress, inflammation, and the formation of glycation end products play an important role. Previous studies have shown that a healthy diet is vital in preventing these complications; in particular, the intake of antioxidants has been studied for their potential effect in ameliorating hyperglycemic injuries. Carotenoids are lipid-soluble pigments synthesized by plants, bacteria, and some kinds of algae that are responsible for the yellow, red, and orange colors in food. These compounds are part of the antioxidant machinery in plants and have also shown their efficacy in quenching free radicals, scavenging reactive oxygen species, modulating gene expression, and reducing inflammation in vitro and in vivo, showing that they can potentially be used as part of a preventive strategy for metabolic disorders, including diabetes and its related complications. This review highlights the potential protective effects of 4 non-provitamin A carotenoids--lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene, and astaxanthin--in the development and progression of diabetic microvascular complications.
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