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Amarnath SS, Kumar V, Barik S. Vitamin D and Calcium and Bioavailability of Calcium in Various Calcium Salts. Indian J Orthop 2023; 57:62-69. [PMID: 38107810 PMCID: PMC10721582 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-023-01056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The active form of vitamin D, 1,25D3, plays an important function in the metabolism of calcium. The recommended daily INTAKE of Calcium varies from 1300 mg/day during adolescence to 1200 mg/day after the age of 50 years. Similarly, for vitamin D, the recommended daily intake varies from 400 IU/day during adolescence to 1000 IU/day after the age of 70 years. There is an intricate inter-play of homeostasis of calcium led by vitamin D and PTH at various sites like intestine, kidney, and bones. The increased fracture risk due to bone loss and osteoporosis creates a burden on the patient, healthcare provider as well as the health system. As the population grows old worldwide gradually, the long-term sequelae like pain, loss of independence, and institutionalized care will become more pervasive. Behavioral change to incorporate a healthy lifestyle, including optimal calcium and vitamin D intake and physical exercise in adolescence, form the important foundation in the program for osteoporosis prevention. Conclusion Increased emphasis on lifestyle modification and nutrition should be given during times of increased bone loss in old age and after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. S. Amarnath
- Trauma and Orthopedic Surgeon, Trinity Central Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Vishal Kumar
- Department of Orthopedics, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sitanshu Barik
- Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, India
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AlSubaihin A, Harrington J. Hereditary Rickets: A Quick Guide for the Pediatrician. Curr Pediatr Rev 2022; 19:CPR-EPUB-128008. [PMID: 36475338 DOI: 10.2174/1573396319666221205123402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With the increased discovery of genes implicated in vitamin D metabolism and the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis, a growing number of genetic forms of rickets are now recognized. These are categorized into calciopenic and phosphopenic rickets. Calciopenic forms of hereditary rickets are caused by genetic mutations that alter the enzymatic activity in the vitamin D activation pathway or impair the vitamin D receptor action. Hereditary forms of phosphopenic rickets, on the other hand, are caused by genetic mutations that lead to increased expression of FGF23 hormone or that impair the absorptive capacity of phosphate at the proximal renal tubule. Due to the clinical overlap between acquired and genetic forms of rickets, identifying children with hereditary rickets can be challenging. A clear understanding of the molecular basis of hereditary forms of rickets and their associated biochemical patterns allow the health care provider to assign the correct diagnosis, avoid non-effective interventions and shorten the duration of the diagnostic journey in these children. In this mini-review, known forms of hereditary rickets listed on the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database are discussed. Further, a clinical approach to identify and diagnose children with hereditary forms of rickets is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmajeed AlSubaihin
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jennifer Harrington
- Division of Endocrinology, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Liao QQ, Dong QQ, Zhang H, Shu HP, Tu YC, Yao LJ. Contributions of SGK3 to transporter-related diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1007924. [PMID: 36531961 PMCID: PMC9753149 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1007924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 3 (SGK3), which is ubiquitously expressed in mammals, is regulated by estrogens and androgens. SGK3 is activated by insulin and growth factors through signaling pathways involving phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK-1), and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2). Activated SGK3 can activate ion channels (TRPV5/6, SOC, Kv1.3, Kv1.5, Kv7.1, BKCa, Kir2.1, Kir2.2, ENaC, Nav1.5, ClC-2, and ClC Ka), carriers and receptors (Npt2a, Npt2b, NHE3, GluR1, GluR6, SN1, EAAT1, EAAT2, EAAT4, EAAT5, SGLT1, SLC1A5, SLC6A19, SLC6A8, and NaDC1), and Na+/K+-ATPase, promoting the transportation of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, glucose, and neutral amino acids in the kidney and intestine, the absorption of potassium and neutral amino acids in the renal tubules, the transportation of glutamate and glutamine in the nervous system, and the transportation of creatine. SGK3-sensitive transporters contribute to a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes, such as maintaining calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, hydro-salinity balance and acid-base balance, cell proliferation, muscle action potential, cardiac and neural electrophysiological disturbances, bone density, intestinal nutrition absorption, immune function, and multiple substance metabolism. These processes are related to kidney stones, hypophosphorous rickets, multiple syndromes, arrhythmia, hypertension, heart failure, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, glaucoma, ataxia idiopathic deafness, and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Liao
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing-Qing Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua-Pan Shu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Chi Tu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Jun Yao
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Chen X, An Z, Wei L, Zhang J, Li J, Wang Z, Gao C, Wei D. Vitamin D 3 Metabolic Enzymes in Plateau Zokor ( Myospalax baileyi) and Plateau Pika ( Ochotona curzoniae): Expression and Response to Hypoxia. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182371. [PMID: 36139230 PMCID: PMC9495108 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D3 (D3) is produced endogenously from 7-dehydrocholesterol by irradiation and is an important secosteroid for the absorption of calcium and phosphate. Lithocholic acid (LCA) increases intestinal paracellular calcium absorption in a vitamin D receptor-dependent manner in vitamin D-deficient rats. The plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi), a strictly subterranean species, and plateau pika are endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. To verify whether the zokors were deficient in D3 and reveal the effects of hypoxia on D3 metabolism in the zokors and pikas, we measured the levels of 25(OH)D3, calcium, and LCA, and quantified the expression levels of D3 metabolism-related genes. The results showed an undetectable serum level of 25(OH)D3 and a significantly higher concentration of LCA in the serum of plateau zokor, but its calcium concentration was within the normal range compared with that of plateau pika and Sprague-Dawley rats. With increasing altitude, the serum 25(OH)D3 levels in plateau pika decreased significantly, and the mRNA and protein levels of CYP2R1 (in the liver) and CYP27B1 (in the kidney) in plateau pika decreased significantly. Our results indicate that plateau zokors were deficient in D3 and abundant in LCA, which might be a substitution of D3 in the zokor. Furthermore, hypoxia suppresses the metabolism of D3 by down-regulating the expression of CYP2R1 and CYP27B1 in plateau pika.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Chen
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Zhifang An
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Linna Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Jimei Li
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Conghui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Dengbang Wei
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-971-531-0695
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An J, Zhang Y, Ying Z, Li H, Liu W, Wang J, Liu X. The Formation, Structural Characteristics, Absorption Pathways and Bioavailability of Calcium–Peptide Chelates. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182762. [PMID: 36140890 PMCID: PMC9497609 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium is one of the most important mineral elements in the human body and is closely related to the maintenance of human health. To prevent calcium deficiency, various calcium supplements have been developed, but their application tends to be limited by low calcium content and highly irritating effects on the stomach, among other side effects. Recently, calcium–peptide chelates, which have excellent stability and are easily absorbed, have received attention as an alternative emerging calcium supplement. Calcium-binding peptides (CaBP) are usually obtained via the hydrolysis of animal or plant proteins, and calcium-binding capacity (CaBC) can be further improved through chromatographic purification techniques. In calcium ions, the phosphate group, carboxylic group and nitrogen atom in the peptide are the main binding sites, and the four modes of combination are the unidentate mode, bidentate mode, bridging mode and α mode. The stability and safety of calcium–peptide chelates are discussed in this paper, the intestinal absorption pathways of calcium elements and peptides are described, and the bioavailability of calcium–peptide chelates, both in vitro and in vivo, is also introduced. This review of the research status of calcium–peptide chelates aims to provide a reasonable theoretical basis for their application as calcium supplementation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiulong An
- National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yinxiao Zhang
- National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhiwei Ying
- National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - He Li
- National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (X.L.); Tel.: +86-10-68984481 (H.L.)
| | - Wanlu Liu
- National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Junru Wang
- National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xinqi Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (X.L.); Tel.: +86-10-68984481 (H.L.)
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Xiao H, Yan Y, Gu Y, Zhang Y. Strategy for sodium-salt substitution: On the relationship between hypertension and dietary intake of cations. Food Res Int 2022; 156:110822. [PMID: 35650987 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases (CVD), have become one of the main causes affecting human health. Hypertension is a prominent representative of CVD. The formation and development of hypertension is closely related to people's daily diet. A large number of studies have shown that excessive intake of salt (NaCl) could increase the risk of hypertension. In recent years, more and more investigations have focused on other cations that may be contained in edible salt, exploring whether they have an effect on hypertension and the underlying mechanism. This article focuses on the relationship between four metal elements (potassium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc) and hypertension, by discussing the main metabolic pathway, the impact of diet intake on blood pressure, and especially the regulation mechanisms on blood pressure in detail. At the same time, some opinions and suggestions are put forward, combined with the current hot topics "salt reduction" and "salt substitution".
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Xiao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yali Yan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanpei Gu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Habibi M, Shili CN, Sutton J, Goodarzi P, Pezeshki A. Dietary branched-chain amino acids modulate the dynamics of calcium absorption and reabsorption in protein-restricted pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:15. [PMID: 35139926 PMCID: PMC8830008 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00669-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Very low-protein (VLP) diets negatively impact calcium (Ca) metabolism and absorption. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of supplemental branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and limiting amino acids (LAA) on Ca digestibility, absorption and reabsorption in pigs fed with VLP diets. Forty-eight piglets were assigned to six treatments: positive control (PC), negative control (NC), and NC containing LAA 25%, LAA 50%, LAA + BCAA 25% (LB25) and LAA + BCAA 50% (LB50) more than recommendations. Results Relative to PC or NC, LB25 and LB50 had higher digestibility of Ca and plasma Ca and phosphorus (P), but lower plasma vitamin D3. LB50 tended to increase vitamin D receptor transcript and protein in the gut, but decreased mRNA or protein abundance of parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R), calbindin 1 (CALB1), cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily B member 1 and occludin in small intestine. LB50 increased the transcript of cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1 and PTH1R but decreased the transcript of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 5, CALB1 and solute carrier family 17 member 4 in kidney. Conclusion Overall, BCAA increased Ca digestibility through regulating the transcellular and paracellular Ca absorption in the gut and reabsorption in kidney during protein restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Habibi
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 206C Animal Science Building, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Cedrick N Shili
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 206C Animal Science Building, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Julia Sutton
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 206C Animal Science Building, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Parniyan Goodarzi
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 206C Animal Science Building, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Adel Pezeshki
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 206C Animal Science Building, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
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Christakos S. Vitamin D: A Critical Regulator of Intestinal Physiology. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10554. [PMID: 34950825 PMCID: PMC8674771 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium is required for the functioning of numerous biological processes and is essential for skeletal health. The major source of new calcium is from the diet. The central role of vitamin D in the maintenance of calcium homeostasis is to increase the absorption of ingested calcium from the intestine. The critical importance of vitamin D in this process is noted in the causal link between vitamin D deficiency and rickets, as well as in studies using genetically modified mice including mice deficient in the vitamin D receptor (Vdr null mice) or in the cytochrome P‐450 enzyme, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3‐1α‐ hydroxylase (CYP27B1) that converts 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 to the hormonally active form of vitamin D, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] (Cyp27b1 null mice). When these mice are fed diets with high calcium and lactose, rickets is prevented. The studies using mouse models provide supporting evidence indicating that the major physiological function of 1,25(OH)2D3/VDR is intestinal calcium absorption. This review summarizes what is known about mechanisms involved in vitamin D‐regulated intestinal calcium absorption. Recent studies suggest that vitamin D does not affect a single entity, but that a complex network of calcium‐regulating components is involved in the process of 1,25(OH)2D3‐mediated active intestinal calcium absorption. In addition, numerous 1,25(OH)2D3 actions in the intestine have been described independent of calcium absorption. Although the translatability to humans requires further definition, an overview is presented that provides compelling evidence from the laboratory of 1,25(OH)2D3 intestinal effects, which include the regulation of adhesion molecules to enhance barrier function, the regulation of intestinal stem cell function, cellular homeostasis of other divalent cations, the regulation of drug metabolizing enzymes, and anti‐inflammatory effects. © 2021 The Author. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Christakos
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School Newark NJ USA
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Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation and Their Association with Kidney Stone Disease: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124363. [PMID: 34959915 PMCID: PMC8707627 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney stone disease is a multifactorial condition influenced by both genetic predisposition and environmental factors such as lifestyle and dietary habits. Although different monogenic polymorphisms have been proposed as playing a causal role for calcium nephrolithiasis, the prevalence of these mutations in the general population and their complete pathogenetic pathway is yet to be determined. General dietary advice for kidney stone formers includes elevated fluid intake, dietary restriction of sodium and animal proteins, avoidance of a low calcium diet, maintenance of a normal body mass index, and elevated intake of vegetables and fibers. Thus, balanced calcium consumption protects against the risk for kidney stones by reducing intestinal oxalate availability and its urinary excretion. However, calcium supplementation given between meals might increase urinary calcium excretion without the beneficial effect on oxalate. In kidney stone formers, circulating active vitamin D has been found to be increased, whereas higher plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol seems to be present only in hypercalciuric patients. The association between nutritional vitamin D supplements and the risk for stone formation is currently not completely understood. However, taken together, available evidence might suggest that vitamin D administration worsens the risk for stone formation in patients predisposed to hypercalciuria. In this review, we analyzed and discussed available literature on the effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on the risk for kidney stone formation.
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Abdrabbo M, Birch CM, Brandt M, Cicigoi KA, Coffey SJ, Dolan CC, Dvorak H, Gehrke AC, Gerzema AEL, Hansen A, Henseler EJ, Huelsbeck AC, LaBerge B, Leavens CM, Le CN, Lindquist AC, Ludwig RK, Reynolds JH, Severson NJ, Sherman BA, Sillman HW, Smith MA, Smith MA, Snortheim MJ, Svaren LM, Vanderpas EC, Wackett MJ, Wozney AJ, Bhattacharyya S, Hati S. Vitamin D and COVID-19: A review on the role of vitamin D in preventing and reducing the severity of COVID-19 infection. Protein Sci 2021; 30:2206-2220. [PMID: 34558135 PMCID: PMC8521296 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is a pathogenic coronavirus causing COVID‐19 infection. The interaction between the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein and the human receptor angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2, both of which contain several cysteine residues, is impacted by the disulfide‐thiol balance in the host cell. The host cell redox status is affected by oxidative stress due to the imbalance between the reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and antioxidants. Recent studies have shown that Vitamin D supplementation could reduce oxidative stress. It has also been proposed that vitamin D at physiological concentration has preventive effects on many viral infections, including COVID‐19. However, the molecular‐level picture of the interplay of vitamin D deficiency, oxidative stress, and the severity of COVID‐19 has remained unclear. Herein, we present a thorough review focusing on the possible molecular mechanism by which vitamin D could alter host cell redox status and block viral entry, thereby preventing COVID‐19 infection or reducing the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobeen Abdrabbo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Cole M Birch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael Brandt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kelsey A Cicigoi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Stephen J Coffey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Connor C Dolan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Hannah Dvorak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ava C Gehrke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Audrey E L Gerzema
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Abby Hansen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ethan J Henseler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alyssa C Huelsbeck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ben LaBerge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Caterra M Leavens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Christine N Le
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Allison C Lindquist
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rickaela K Ludwig
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jacob H Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nathaniel J Severson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brandon A Sherman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Hunter W Sillman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael A Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Macey A Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Marissa J Snortheim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Levi M Svaren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Emily C Vanderpas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Miles J Wackett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alec J Wozney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sudeep Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sanchita Hati
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
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The Role of Diet in Bone and Mineral Metabolism and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072328. [PMID: 34371838 PMCID: PMC8308808 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone disorders are a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), obesity and gut malabsorption. Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is defined as an appropriate increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, driven by either reduced serum calcium or increased phosphate concentrations, due to an underlying condition. The available evidence on the effects of dietary advice on secondary hyperparathyroidism confirms the benefit of a diet characterized by decreased phosphate intake, avoiding low calcium and vitamin D consumption (recommended intakes 1000-1200 mg/day and 400-800 UI/day, respectively). In addition, low protein intake in CKD patients is associated with a better control of SHPT risk factors, although its strength in avoiding hyperphosphatemia and the resulting outcomes are debated, mostly for dialyzed patients. Ultimately, a consensus on the effect of dietary acid loads in the prevention of SHPT is still lacking. In conclusion, a reasonable approach for reducing the risk for secondary hyperparathyroidism is to individualize dietary manipulation based on existing risk factors and concomitant medical conditions. More studies are needed to evaluate long-term outcomes of a balanced diet on the management and prevention of secondary hyperparathyroidism in at-risk patients at.
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12
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Hernández-Alonso P, Canudas S, Boughanem H, Toledo E, Sorlí JV, Estruch R, Castañer O, Lapetra J, Alonso-Gómez AM, Gutiérrez-Bedmar M, Fiol M, Serra-Majem L, Pintó X, Ros E, Fernandez-Lazaro CI, Ramirez-Sabio JB, Fitó M, Portu-Zapirain J, Macias-González M, Babio N, Salas-Salvadó J. Dietary vitamin D intake and colorectal cancer risk: a longitudinal approach within the PREDIMED study. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:4367-4378. [PMID: 34050394 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02585-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated whether the intake of dietary vitamin D is associated with the incidence of both colorectal cancer (CRC) and colon cancer in the framework of the PREDIMED cohort of older adults at high cardiovascular risk. METHODS We analyzed data from 7216 men and women (55-80 years) without CRC at baseline from the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea study. Baseline consumption of vitamin D was assessed using a validated 137-item food frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards ratios (HRs) of CRC and colon cancer incidence were estimated for quartiles and per 1-SD of baseline vitamin D intake. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 6 years, we documented 97 incident CRC cases after the exclusion of subjects with no baseline dietary data and/or outliers of energy intake. A non-significant HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of CRC for the comparison of extreme quartiles (4th vs 1st) of vitamin D intake were observed [0.55 (0.30-1.00), P for trend = 0.072], whereas it was significant for colon cancer incidence alone [0.44 (0.22-0.90), P for trend = 0.032]. However, this association became significant in CRC and colon cancer incidence, after excluding 391 subjects consuming baseline vitamin D and/or calcium medication or prescribed supplements [0.52 (0.28-0.96) and 0.41 (0.12-0.85), respectively]. CONCLUSION A higher dietary intake of vitamin D was significantly associated with a reduced CRC risk in individuals at high cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Hernández-Alonso
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, C/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari San Joan de Reus, 43204, Reus, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, 29016, Málaga, Spain.,Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Canudas
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, C/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari San Joan de Reus, 43204, Reus, Spain.,Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hatim Boughanem
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, 29016, Málaga, Spain
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose V Sorlí
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Risk, Nutrition and Aging Research Unit, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Clínic, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Angel M Alonso-Gómez
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01002, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Mario Gutiérrez-Bedmar
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Universidad de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miquel Fiol
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Son Espases, 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical and Health Research, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge-Idibell, 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cesar I Fernandez-Lazaro
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Montse Fitó
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joseba Portu-Zapirain
- Bioaraba, Infectious Diseases Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Internal Medicine Department, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Manuel Macias-González
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, 29016, Málaga, Spain. .,Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nancy Babio
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, C/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain. .,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari San Joan de Reus, 43204, Reus, Spain. .,Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, C/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari San Joan de Reus, 43204, Reus, Spain.,Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Satpal D, Kaur J, Bhadariya V, Sharma K. Actinidia deliciosa
(Kiwi fruit): A comprehensive review on the nutritional composition, health benefits, traditional utilization, and commercialization. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dolly Satpal
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition School of Agriculture Lovely Professional University Phagwara India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition School of Agriculture Lovely Professional University Phagwara India
| | - Vishesh Bhadariya
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences Lovely Professional University Phagwara India
| | - Kartik Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology Council of Scientific and Industrial Research‐ Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR‐IHBT) Palampur India
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14
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Li XL, Xu F, Lin FH, Ai LZ, Zhao YJ, Bi XL, Sui L, Zhang Y. A Naringin- and Icariin-Contained Herbal Formula, Gushukang, Ameliorated Aged Osteoporosis of Aged Mice with High Calcium Intake. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 48:1671-1691. [PMID: 33249854 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Traditional herbal formula Gushukang (GSK) was clinically applied to treat primary osteoporosis and showed osteoprotective effect in ovariectomized rodent animals and regulatory action on calcium transporters. This study aimed to determine if GSK could ameliorate aged osteoporosis by modulating serum level of calciotropic hormones and improving calcium balance. 18-month-old male mice were orally administered with either GSK (0.38[Formula: see text]g/kg body weight) or calcitriol (1[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/kg body weight) combined with high calcium diet (HCD, 1.2% Ca) for 60 days. The aged mice fed with normal calcium diet (NCD, 0.6% Ca) were a negative control. Trabecular bone and cortical bone properties as well as calcium balance were determined. Treatment with GSK significantly increased 25(OH)D and 1,25-(OH)2D levels in serum, moreover, it markedly attenuated trabecular bone micro-architectural deteriorations and elevated trabecular bone mass as well as strengthened cortical bone mechanical properties shown by the increase in maximal bending load and elastic modulus. Calcium balance, including urinary Ca excretion, fecal Ca level and net calcium retention, was remarkably improved by GSK, which up-regulated TRPV6 expression in duodenum and TRPV5 expression in kidney and down-regulated claudin-14 expression in duodenum and kidney. Additionally, 1-OHase and 24-OHase expression was significantly decreased (vs. NCD group) and increased (vs. HCD group), respectively, in kidney of GSK- and calcitriol-treated mice. Taken together, this study demonstrated the ameliorative effects of Gushukang on aged osteoporosis by effectively stimulating vitamin D production and improving calcium balance of aged mice with high dietary calcium supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Li
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xu
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Hui Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic, Shenzhen Pingle Orthopaedic Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, P. R. China
| | - Lian-Zhong Ai
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Jian Zhao
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional, Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Lei Bi
- Liaoning Konruns Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Dandong 118301, P. R. China
| | - Li Sui
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional, Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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15
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Herpesvirus Antibodies, Vitamin D and Short-Chain Fatty Acids: Their Correlation with Cell Subsets in Multiple Sclerosis Patients and Healthy Controls. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010119. [PMID: 33435197 PMCID: PMC7826528 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is still unknown, it is commonly accepted that environmental factors could contribute to the disease. The objective of this study was to analyze the humoral response to Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6A/B and cytomegalovirus, and the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and the three main short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), propionate (PA), butyrate (BA) and acetate (AA), in MS patients and healthy controls (HC) to understand how they could contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. With this purpose, we analyzed the correlations among them and with different clinical variables and a wide panel of cell subsets. We found statistically significant differences for most of the environmental factors analyzed when we compared MS patients and HC, supporting their possible involvement in the disease. The strongest correlations with the clinical variables and the cell subsets analyzed were found for 25(OH)D and SCFAs levels. A correlation was also found between 25(OH)D and PA/AA ratio, and the interaction between these factors negatively correlated with interleukin 17 (IL-17)-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in untreated MS patients. Therapies that simultaneously increase vitamin D levels and modify the proportion of SCFA could be evaluated in the future.
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16
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Li S, De La Cruz J, Hutchens S, Mukhopadhyay S, Criss ZK, Aita R, Pellon-Cardenas O, Hur J, Soteropoulos P, Husain S, Dhawan P, Verlinden L, Carmeliet G, Fleet JC, Shroyer NF, Verzi MP, Christakos S. Analysis of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 Genomic Action Reveals Calcium-Regulating and Calcium-Independent Effects in Mouse Intestine and Human Enteroids. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 41:e00372-20. [PMID: 33139494 PMCID: PMC7849401 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00372-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although vitamin D is critical for the function of the intestine, most studies have focused on the duodenum. We show that transgenic expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) only in the distal intestine of VDR null mice (KO/TG mice) results in the normalization of serum calcium and rescue of rickets. Although it had been suggested that calcium transport in the distal intestine involves a paracellular process, we found that the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]-activated genes in the proximal intestine associated with active calcium transport (Trpv6, S100g, and Atp2b1) are also induced by 1,25(OH)2D3 in the distal intestine of KO/TG mice. In addition, Slc30a10, encoding a manganese efflux transporter, was one of the genes most induced by 1,25(OH)2D3 in both proximal and distal intestine. Both villus and crypt were found to express Vdr and VDR target genes. RNA sequence (RNA-seq) analysis of human enteroids indicated that the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 observed in mice are conserved in humans. Using Slc30a10-/- mice, a loss of cortical bone and a marked decrease in S100g and Trpv6 in the intestine was observed. Our findings suggest an interrelationship between vitamin D and intestinal Mn efflux and indicate the importance of distal intestinal segments to vitamin D action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jessica De La Cruz
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Steven Hutchens
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Somshuvra Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Zachary K Criss
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Division of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rohit Aita
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Joseph Hur
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Patricia Soteropoulos
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Genomics Center, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Seema Husain
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Genomics Center, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Puneet Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Genomics Center, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lieve Verlinden
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Leuven, Belgium
| | - James C Fleet
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Noah F Shroyer
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Division of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael P Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sylvia Christakos
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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17
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Zhang YY, Stockmann R, Ng K, Ajlouni S. Opportunities for plant-derived enhancers for iron, zinc, and calcium bioavailability: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 20:652-685. [PMID: 33443794 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of the mechanism of interactions between dietary elements, their salts, and complexing/binding ligands is vital to manage both deficiency and toxicity associated with essential element bioavailability. Numerous mineral ligands are found in both animal and plant foods and are known to exert bioactivity via element chelation resulting in modulation of antioxidant capacity or micobiome metabolism among other physiological outcomes. However, little is explored in the context of dietary mineral ligands and element bioavailability enhancement, particularly with respect to ligands from plant-derived food sources. This review highlights a novel perspective to consider various plant macro/micronutrients as prospective bioavailability enhancing ligands of three essential elements (Fe, Zn, and Ca). We also delineate the molecular mechanisms of the ligand-binding interactions underlying mineral bioaccessibility at the luminal level. We conclude that despite current understandings of some of the structure-activity relationships associated with strong mineral-ligand binding, the physiological links between ligands as element carriers and uptake at targeted sites throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract still require more research. The binding behavior of potential ligands in the human diet should be further elucidated and validated using pharmacokinetic approaches and GI models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yianna Y Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Ken Ng
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Said Ajlouni
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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18
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Areco VA, Kohan R, Talamoni G, Tolosa de Talamoni NG, Peralta López ME. Intestinal Ca 2+ absorption revisited: A molecular and clinical approach. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:3344-3364. [PMID: 32655262 PMCID: PMC7327788 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i24.3344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ has an important role in the maintenance of the skeleton and is involved in the main physiological processes. Its homeostasis is controlled by the intestine, kidney, bone and parathyroid glands. The intestinal Ca2+ absorption occurs mainly via the paracellular and the transcellular pathways. The proteins involved in both ways are regulated by calcitriol and other hormones as well as dietary factors. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) is a strong antagonist of vitamin D action. Part of the intestinal Ca2+ movement seems to be vitamin D independent. Intestinal Ca2+ absorption changes according to different physiological conditions. It is promoted under high Ca2+ demands such as growth, pregnancy, lactation, dietary Ca2+ deficiency and high physical activity. In contrast, the intestinal Ca2+ transport decreases with aging. Oxidative stress inhibits the intestinal Ca2+ absorption whereas the antioxidants counteract the effects of prooxidants leading to the normalization of this physiological process. Several pathologies such as celiac disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, Turner syndrome and others occur with inhibition of intestinal Ca2+ absorption, some hypercalciurias show Ca2+ hyperabsorption, most of these alterations are related to the vitamin D endocrine system. Further research work should be accomplished in order not only to know more molecular details but also to detect possible therapeutic targets to ameliorate or avoid the consequences of altered intestinal Ca2+ absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A Areco
- Laboratorio “Dr. Fernando Cañas”, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Romina Kohan
- Laboratorio “Dr. Fernando Cañas”, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Germán Talamoni
- Laboratorio “Dr. Fernando Cañas”, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Nori G Tolosa de Talamoni
- Laboratorio “Dr. Fernando Cañas”, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - María E Peralta López
- Laboratorio “Dr. Fernando Cañas”, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
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19
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Abstract
Many studies determined the demographic and ethnic border of patients with beta (β)-thalassemia mutations and their migration. The effective way to health care policy of β-thalassemia is to prevent homozygote births and reduce the severity of the disease. The objectives of this study contributed to investigating the molecular and serologic characteristics of β-thalassemia patients in Iraq. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 97 β-thalassemia patients and 32 healthy control subjects. Quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to measure serum ferritin, 25-hydroxy vitamin D, and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels. Further, the β-globin mutation detection assay involving an extensive screening of β-globin mutations by direct Sanger DNA sequencing and gap-PCR was performed to detect the Δ619 deletion mutation. The results revealed that compared with the control subjects, the β-thalassemia patients showed significantly decreased vitamin D levels and significantly increased serum ferritin and 8-OHdG levels (all, P<0.001). Molecular analysis detected 9 types of mutations in the β-thalassemia patients, only 2 of which, namely IVS II-1 G>A and IVS 1-5 G>C, have been previously reported in Iraqi studies, whereas the remaining 7, namely IVS-II-666 C>T, CD2 CAT>CAC, IVS-II-850 G>A, IVS-II-16 G<C, Hb King's Mill, Hb Saveh, and IVS-II-81 C>T, have never been reported in the Iraqi population. This study showed that the serum ferritin and 8-OHdG levels were significantly higher, and the serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels were significantly lower in the β-thalassemia patients than in the control subjects. Moreover, the results revealed seven newly identified mutations among Iraqi β-thalassemia patients and 2 previously reported mutations.
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20
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The Dependence of Running Speed and Muscle Strength on the Serum Concentration of Vitamin D in Young Male Professional Football Players Residing in the Russian Federation. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11091960. [PMID: 31438463 PMCID: PMC6769888 DOI: 10.3390/nu11091960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D insufficiency is prevalent among athletes, and it can negatively affect physical performance. At the same time, most of the available data were obtained from untrained individuals of various ages, and published studies performed in athletes led to contradictory conclusions. Methods: This cohort prospective study examined the serum concentration of 25-hydroxycalciferol (25(OH)D) and its association with running speed and muscle power in 131 young football players (mean age 15.6 ± 2.4 years). Results: 25(OH)D levels were below reference in 42.8% (serum 25(OH)D <30 ng/mL) and above reference in 30.5% of the participants (serum 25(OH)D 61–130 ng/mL). A comparison of the results of 5, 15, and 30 m sprint tests and the standing long jump test found no statistically significant differences between the two groups. Athletes from the 25(OH)D-insufficient group were treated with 5000 IU cholecalciferol supplement daily for 60 days. After the treatment, the 25(OH)D concentration increased by 79.2% and was within reference in 84% of the treated athletes (serum 25(OH)D 30–60 ng/mL). Testing was repeated after the end of treatment, and a statistically significant increase in the results of the 5, 15, and 30 m sprint tests was observed (Cohen’s d was 0.46, 0.33, and 0.34, respectively), while the results of the standing long jump test remained unchanged. Body height, body weight, and lean body mass of the football players also increased. Conclusions: These findings indicate that there is likely no correlation between serum levels of 25(OH)D, muscle power, and running speed in young professional football players, and the changes observed post-treatment might have been caused by changes in the anthropometric parameters. During the study, all the anthropometric parameters changed, but the amount of lean body mass only correlated with the results of the 5 m sprint.
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Meyer MB, Benkusky NA, Kaufmann M, Lee SM, Redfield RR, Jones G, Pike JW. Targeted genomic deletions identify diverse enhancer functions and generate a kidney-specific, endocrine-deficient Cyp27b1 pseudo-null mouse. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:9518-9535. [PMID: 31053643 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is terminally bioactivated in the kidney to 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) via cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily B member 1 (CYP27B1), whose gene is regulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and 1,25(OH)2D3 Our recent genomic studies in the mouse have revealed a complex kidney-specific enhancer module within the introns of adjacent methyltransferase-like 1 (Mettl1) and Mettl21b that mediate basal and PTH-induced expression of Cyp27b1 and FGF23- and 1,25(OH)2D3-mediated repression. Gross deletion of these segments in mice has severe effects on Cyp27b1 regulation and skeletal phenotype but does not affect Cyp27b1 expression in nonrenal target cells (NRTCs). Here, we report a bimodal activity in the Mettl1 intronic enhancer with components responsible for PTH-mediated Cyp27b1 induction and 1,25(OH)2D3-mediated repression and additional activities, including FGF23 repression, within the Mettl21b enhancers. Deletion of both submodules eliminated basal Cyp27b1 expression and regulation in the kidney, leading to systemic and skeletal phenotypes similar to those of Cyp27b1-null mice. However, basal expression and lipopolysaccharide-induced regulation of Cyp27b1 in NRTCs was unperturbed. Importantly, dietary normalization of calcium, phosphate, PTH, and FGF23 rescued the skeletal phenotype of this mutant mouse, creating an ideal in vivo model to study nonrenal 1,25(OH)2D3 production in health and disease. Finally, we confirmed a conserved chromatin landscape in human kidney that is similar to that in mouse. These findings define a finely balanced homeostatic mechanism involving PTH and FGF23 together with protection from 1,25(OH)2D3 toxicity that is responsible for both adaptive vitamin D metabolism and mineral regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Meyer
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706,
| | - Nancy A Benkusky
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Martin Kaufmann
- the Departments of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and.,Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada, and
| | - Seong Min Lee
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Robert R Redfield
- the Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | | | - J Wesley Pike
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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22
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Zheng W, Cao L, Ouyang L, Zhang Q, Duan B, Zhou W, Chen S, Peng W, Xie Y, Fan Q, Gong D. Anticancer activity of 1,25-(OH) 2D 3 against human breast cancer cell lines by targeting Ras/MEK/ERK pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:721-732. [PMID: 30774359 PMCID: PMC6348968 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s190432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women with ~1.67 million cases diagnosed annually worldwide, and ~1 in 37 women succumbed to breast cancer. Over the past decades, new therapeutic strategy has substantially improved the curative effect for women with breast cancer. However, the currently available ER-targeted and HER-2-based therapies are not effective for triple-negative breast cancer patients, which account for ~15% of total breast cancer cases. Materials and methods We reported that 1,25-(OH)2D3, a biologically active form of vitamin D3, exhibited a strong anticancer effects on the proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis of both ER-positive (MCF-7) and ER-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-453). Results The anticancer effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 was more potent compared to the classical chemotherapeutics tamoxifen in MDA-MB-453 cells. Furthermore, we also found that 1,25-(OH)2D3 decreased the expression of Ras and resulted in decrease of the phosphorylation of downstream proteins MEK and ERK1/2, indicating that 1,25-(OH)2D3 plays its anticancer roles through targeting the Ras/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. In addition, Ras overexpression abrogated 1,25-(OH)2D3-induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of breast cancer cells, as well as the suppression of proliferation, migration, and invasion. Our study suggested that 1,25-(OH)2D3 suppressed breast cancer tumorigenesis by targeting the Ras/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Conclusion 1,25-(OH)2D3 might serve as a promising supplement for breast cancer drug therapy, especially for the ER-negative breast cancer and drug-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China,
| | - Lin Cao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Linna Ouyang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China,
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, China
| | - Bofeng Duan
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China,
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Medical Examination, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412007, China
| | - Shan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China,
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China,
| | - Qing Fan
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Changsha Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Changsha Eighth Hospital), Changsha, Hunan 410100, China
| | - Daoxing Gong
- Department of Surgery, The Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421000, China
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Popović M, Matana A, Torlak V, Brdar D, Gunjača I, Boraska Perica V, Barbalić M, Kolčić I, Punda A, Polašek O, Hayward C, Zemunik T. The effect of multiple nutrients on plasma parathyroid hormone level in healthy individuals. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 70:638-644. [PMID: 30614303 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2018.1551335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Although the effect of isolated nutrients on plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) is somewhat familiar, the effect of multiple nutrients on plasma PTH level has not yet been studied. The aim of this study was to identify groups of food items that are associated with the plasma PTH level in healthy individuals. This cross-sectional study enrolled 1180 healthy individuals from Croatia with plasma PTH levels inside the referent values. A food frequency questionnaire containing 58 food items was completed to evaluate the dietary intake. We used principal component analysis to reduce food items into dietary groups, followed by linear regression analysis to test the association between dietary groups and the level of PTH. The results indicate that different sorts of vegetables (p = .006), sausages, salami, mushrooms, eggs (p = .033), as well as white bread (p = .009) are associated with the increase, while bran bread (p = .009) is associated with the decreased plasma PTH level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Popović
- a Department of Medical Biology , University of Split, School of Medicine , Split , Croatia
| | - Antonela Matana
- a Department of Medical Biology , University of Split, School of Medicine , Split , Croatia
| | - Vesela Torlak
- b Department of Nuclear Medicine , University Hospital Split , Split , Croatia
| | - Dubravka Brdar
- b Department of Nuclear Medicine , University Hospital Split , Split , Croatia
| | - Ivana Gunjača
- a Department of Medical Biology , University of Split, School of Medicine , Split , Croatia
| | - Vesna Boraska Perica
- a Department of Medical Biology , University of Split, School of Medicine , Split , Croatia
| | - Maja Barbalić
- a Department of Medical Biology , University of Split, School of Medicine , Split , Croatia
| | - Ivana Kolčić
- c Department of Public Health , University of Split, School of Medicine Split , Split , Croatia
| | - Ante Punda
- b Department of Nuclear Medicine , University Hospital Split , Split , Croatia
| | - Ozren Polašek
- c Department of Public Health , University of Split, School of Medicine Split , Split , Croatia
| | - Caroline Hayward
- d MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine , University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - Tatijana Zemunik
- a Department of Medical Biology , University of Split, School of Medicine , Split , Croatia
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24
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Ghareghani M, Reiter RJ, Zibara K, Farhadi N. Latitude, Vitamin D, Melatonin, and Gut Microbiota Act in Concert to Initiate Multiple Sclerosis: A New Mechanistic Pathway. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2484. [PMID: 30459766 PMCID: PMC6232868 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). While the etiology of MS is still largely unknown, scientists believe that the interaction of several endogenous and exogenous factors may be involved in this disease. Epidemiologists have seen an increased prevalence of MS in countries at high latitudes, where the sunlight is limited and where the populations have vitamin D deficiency and high melatonin levels. Although the functions and synthesis of vitamin D and melatonin are contrary to each other, both are involved in the immune system. While melatonin synthesis is affected by light, vitamin D deficiency may be involved in melatonin secretion. On the other hand, vitamin D deficiency reduces intestinal calcium absorption leading to gut stasis and subsequently increasing gut permeability. The latter allows gut microbiota to transfer more endotoxins such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) into the blood. LPS stimulates the production of inflammatory cytokines within the CNS, especially the pineal gland. This review summarizes the current findings on the correlation between latitude, sunlight and vitamin D, and details their effects on intestinal calcium absorption, gut microbiota and neuroinflammatory mediators in MS. We also propose a new mechanistic pathway for the initiation of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ghareghani
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Kazem Zibara
- PRASE, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Naser Farhadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
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25
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Mazziotti G, Frara S, Giustina A. Pituitary Diseases and Bone. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:440-488. [PMID: 29684108 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrinology of bone is a new area of research based on the evidence that pituitary hormones may directly modulate bone remodeling and metabolism. Skeletal fragility associated with high risk of fractures is a common complication of several pituitary diseases such as hypopituitarism, Cushing disease, acromegaly, and hyperprolactinemia. As in other forms of secondary osteoporosis, pituitary diseases generally affect bone quality more than bone quantity, and fractures may occur even in the presence of normal or low-normal bone mineral density as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, making difficult the prediction of fractures in these clinical settings. Treatment of pituitary hormone excess and deficiency generally improves skeletal health, although some patients remain at high risk of fractures, and treatment with bone-active drugs may become mandatory. The aim of this review is to discuss the physiological, pathophysiological, and clinical insights of bone involvement in pituitary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Frara
- Institute of Endocrinology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Giustina
- Institute of Endocrinology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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26
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Dhawan P, Veldurthy V, Yehia G, Hsaio C, Porta A, Kim KI, Patel N, Lieben L, Verlinden L, Carmeliet G, Christakos S. Transgenic Expression of the Vitamin D Receptor Restricted to the Ileum, Cecum, and Colon of Vitamin D Receptor Knockout Mice Rescues Vitamin D Receptor-Dependent Rickets. Endocrinology 2017; 158:3792-3804. [PMID: 28938396 PMCID: PMC5695835 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Although the intestine plays the major role in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] action on calcium homeostasis, the mechanisms involved remain incompletely understood. The established model of 1,25(OH)2D3-regulated intestinal calcium absorption postulates a critical role for the duodenum. However, the distal intestine is where 70% to 80% of ingested calcium is absorbed. To test directly the role of 1,25(OH)2D3 and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in the distal intestine, three independent knockout (KO)/transgenic (TG) lines expressing VDR exclusively in the ileum, cecum, and colon were generated by breeding VDR KO mice with TG mice expressing human VDR (hVDR) under the control of the 9.5-kb caudal type homeobox 2 promoter. Mice from one TG line (KO/TG3) showed low VDR expression in the distal intestine (<50% of the levels observed in KO/TG1, KO/TG2, and wild-type mice). In the KO/TG mice, hVDR was not expressed in the duodenum, jejunum, kidney, or other tissues. Growth arrest, elevated parathyroid hormone level, and hypocalcemia of the VDR KO mice were prevented in mice from KO/TG lines 1 and 2. Microcomputed tomography analysis revealed that the expression of hVDR in the distal intestine of KO/TG1 and KO/TG2 mice rescued the bone defects associated with systemic VDR deficiency, including growth plate abnormalities and altered trabecular and cortical parameters. KO/TG3 mice showed rickets, but less severely than VDR KO mice. These findings show that expression of VDR exclusively in the distal intestine can prevent abnormalities in calcium homeostasis and bone mineralization associated with systemic VDR deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Vaishali Veldurthy
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Ghassan Yehia
- The Genome Editing Core Facility, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Connie Hsaio
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Angela Porta
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Ki-in Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Nishant Patel
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Liesbet Lieben
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Lieve Verlinden
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Sylvia Christakos
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103
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27
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Xiang W, Liao W, Yi Z, He X, Ding Y. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D-1-α-hydroxylase in apoliporotein E knockout mice: The role of protecting vascular smooth muscle cell from calcification. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:971-977. [PMID: 28178628 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous publications widely reported that 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1-α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) regulated the metabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, which has a close association between altered activity of vitamin D and vascular calcification has been reported in various human diseases, including chronic kidney disease, osteoporosis and atherosclerosis. Vascular calcification is a clinically significant component of atherosclerosis and may be promoted by ROS associated inflammatory. In this study, we evaluated the effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1-α-hydroxylase on the atherosclerosis disease both in apolipoprotein (apo) E-/- mice and wild-type mice. We also isolated endothelial cell (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in aortic from the wild type mice and apoE-/- mice respectively, then investigated that after parathyroid hormone (PTH) both of the CYP27B1 and vitamin D receptor (VDR) expressions in apoE-/-EC and apoE-/-VSMC were higher than the wide-type EC and VSMCs. However, the increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis have showed in EC and VSMC compared with the cells from apo E-/- mice. Moreover, the index associated with vascular calcification such as intracellular Ca2+ concentration and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity have been tested and the result suggested that the levels of the former index have improved in the apoE-/-EC and apoE-/-VSMC. We got similar conclusions under the pre-treatment with 1, 25(OH) 2D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570102, China; Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health care Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou 570206, China
| | - Wang Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570102, China
| | - Zhuwen Yi
- Department of Nephropathy, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Xiaojie He
- Department of Nephropathy, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China.
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Dermatology, Maternal and Child Health care Hospital of Hainan Province,15 Long Kun-Nan Road, Haikou 570206, China.
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28
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Christakos S, Veldurthy V, Patel N, Wei R. Intestinal Regulation of Calcium: Vitamin D and Bone Physiology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1033:3-12. [PMID: 29101648 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66653-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The principal function of vitamin D in the maintenance of calcium homeostasis is to increase intestinal calcium absorption. This conclusion was made from studies in vitamin D receptor (VDR) null mice which showed that rickets and osteomalacia were prevented when VDR null mice were fed a rescue diet that included high calcium, indicating that the skeletal abnormalities of the VDR null mice are primarily the result of impaired intestinal calcium absorption. Although vitamin D is critical for controlling intestinal calcium absorption, the mechanisms involved have remained incomplete. This chapter reviews studies, including studies in genetically modified mice, that have provided new insight and have challenged the traditional model of VDR-mediated calcium absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Christakos
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
| | - Vaishali Veldurthy
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Nishant Patel
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Ran Wei
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
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29
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Charoenphandhu N, Kraidith K, Lertsuwan K, Sripong C, Suntornsaratoon P, Svasti S, Krishnamra N, Wongdee K. Na +/H + exchanger 3 inhibitor diminishes hepcidin-enhanced duodenal calcium transport in hemizygous β-globin knockout thalassemic mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 427:201-208. [PMID: 27995414 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2911-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent investigation has shown that the liver-derived iron-regulating hormone, hepcidin, can potentiate intestinal calcium absorption in hemizygous β-globin knockout thalassemic (BKO) mice. Since the upregulation of Fe2+ and H+ cotransporter, divalent metal transporter (DMT)-1, has been shown to correlate with thalassemia-induced intestinal calcium absorption impairment, the inhibition of the apical Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE)-3 that is essential for cytoplasmic pH regulation and transepithelial sodium absorption was hypothesized to negatively affect hepcidin action. Herein, the positive effect of hepcidin on the duodenal calcium transport was evaluated using Ussing chamber technique. The results showed that BKO mice had lower absorptive surface area and duodenal calcium transport than wild-type mice. Besides, paracellular transport of zinc in BKO mice was compromised. Hepcidin administration completely restored calcium transport. Since this hepcidin action was totally abolished by inhibitors of the basolateral calcium transporters, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1) and plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA1b), the enhanced calcium flux potentially occurred through the transcellular pathway rather than paracellular pathway. Interestingly, the selective NHE3 inhibitor, 100 nM tenapanor, markedly inhibited hepcidin-enhanced calcium transport. Accordingly, hepcidin is one of the promising therapeutic agents for calcium malabsorption in β-thalassemia. It mainly stimulates the transcellular calcium transport across the duodenal epithelium in an NHE3-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narattaphol Charoenphandhu
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Kamonshanok Kraidith
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kornkamon Lertsuwan
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanakarn Sripong
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panan Suntornsaratoon
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saovaros Svasti
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Nateetip Krishnamra
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kannikar Wongdee
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Office of Academic Management, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand.
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30
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Sun N, Wu H, Du M, Tang Y, Liu H, Fu Y, Zhu B. Food protein-derived calcium chelating peptides: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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Vitamin D, calcium homeostasis and aging. Bone Res 2016; 4:16041. [PMID: 27790378 PMCID: PMC5068478 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2016.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and microarchitecture deterioration of bone tissue, leading to enhanced bone fragility and consequent increase in fracture risk. Evidence is accumulating for an important role of calcium deficiency as the process of aging is associated with disturbed calcium balance. Vitamin D is the principal factor that maintains calcium homeostasis. Increasing evidence indicates that the reason for disturbed calcium balance with age is inadequate vitamin D levels in the elderly. In this article, an overview of our current understanding of vitamin D, its metabolism, and mechanisms involved in vitamin D-mediated maintenance of calcium homeostasis is presented. In addition, mechanisms involved in age-related dysregulation of 1,25(OH)2D3 action, recommended daily doses of vitamin D and calcium, and the use of vitamin D analogs for the treatment of osteoporosis (which remains controversial) are reviewed. Elucidation of the molecular pathways of vitamin D action and modifications that occur with aging will be an active area of future research that has the potential to reveal new therapeutic strategies to maintain calcium balance.
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Sun F, Cao Y, Yu C, Wei X, Yao J. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 modulates calcium transport in goat mammary epithelial cells in a dose- and energy-dependent manner. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2016; 7:41. [PMID: 27471592 PMCID: PMC4964070 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-016-0101-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Calcium is a vital mineral and an indispensable component of milk for ruminants. The regulation of transcellular calcium transport by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3, the active form of vitamin D) has been confirmed in humans and rodents, and regulators, including vitamin D receptor (VDR), calcium binding protein D9k (calbindin-D9k), plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase 1b (PMCA1b), PMAC2b and Orai1, are involved in this process. However, it is still unclear whether 1,25-(OH)2D3 could stimulate calcium transport in the ruminant mammary gland. The present trials were conducted to study the effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 supplementation and energy availability on the expression of genes and proteins related to calcium secretion in goat mammary epithelial cells. Methods An in vitro culture method for goat secreting mammary epithelial cells was successfully established. The cells were treated with different doses of 1,25-(OH)2D3 (0, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 nmol/L) for calcium transport research, followed by a 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA, an inhibitor of glucose metabolism) treatment to determine its dependence on glucose availability. Cell proliferation ratios, glucose consumption and enzyme activities were measured with commercial kits, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and western blots were used to determine the expression of genes and proteins associated with mammary calcium transport in dairy goats, respectively. Results 1,25-(OH)2D3 promoted cell proliferation and the expression of genes involved in calcium transport in a dose-dependent manner when the concentration did not exceed 10.0 nmol/L. In addition, 100.0 nmol/L 1,25-(OH)2D3 inhibited cell proliferation and the expression of associated genes compared with the 10.0 nmol/L treatment. The inhibition of hexokinase 2 (HK2), a rate-limiting enzyme in glucose metabolism, decreased the expression of PMCA1b and PMCA2b at the mRNA and protein levels as well as the transcription of Orai1, indicating that glucose availability was required for goat mammary calcium transport. The optimal concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D3 that facilitated calcium transport in this study was 10.0 nmol/L. Conclusions Supplementation with 1,25-(OH)2D3 influenced cell proliferation and regulated the expression of calcium transport modulators in a dose- and energy-dependent manner, thereby highlighting the role of 1,25-(OH)2D3 as an efficacious regulatory agent that produces calcium-enriched milk in ruminants when a suitable energy status was guaranteed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi Peoples Republic of China
| | - Yangchun Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi Peoples Republic of China
| | - Chao Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi Peoples Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshi Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi Peoples Republic of China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi Peoples Republic of China
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Manroa P, Kannan S, Hatipoglu B, Licata A. Hypercalcemia and acromegaly--clarifying the connections. A case report and review of the literature. Endocr Pract 2016; 20:e86-90. [PMID: 24449661 DOI: 10.4158/ep13228.cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypercalcemia in patients with acromegaly is rare and usually due to co-existent primary hyperparathyroidism. The etiology of hypercalcemia directly related to acromegaly is debated. METHODS We present a case report of 1,25(OH)2D3-mediated hypercalcemia in a patient with acromegaly and discuss potential pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to the development of hypercalcemia late in the course of the disease. RESULTS A 67-year-old female presented with classical features of acromegaly. A review of her previous photographs suggested a disease duration of approximately 10 years, and her serum calcium (Ca) was normal during this period. A biochemical work up confirmed a combined growth hormone (GH-) and prolactin (PRL-) cosecreting tumor with a GH level of 92.03 ng/mL (normal 0-3.61), an insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) level of 1,498 ng/mL (59-225), and a PRL level of 223.3 ng/mL (2-17.4). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary showed a 1.9-cm macroadenoma. Her preoperative work up revealed new onset hypercalcemia with a corrected serum Ca level of 10.7 mg/dL (8.5-10.5), an ionized Ca level of 1.37 mmol/L (1.08-1.30), a parathyroid hormone (PTH) level of 13.0 pg/mL (10-60), and a high 1,25(OH)2D3 level of 72.6 pg/mL (15-60). She underwent resection of the pituitary adenoma with normalization of GH and PRL levels, and her IGF-1 level decreased to 304 ng/mL. Her serum Ca (9.3 mg/dL), ionized Ca(1.22) and 1,25(OH)2D3 levels (38.6 pg/mL) normalized after surgery. CONCLUSION While overt hypercalcemia in acromegaly is rare, it tends to occur late in the disease course. The hypercalcemia is mediated by elevated 1,25(OH)2D3 levels rather than PTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Manroa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Subramanian Kannan
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Betul Hatipoglu
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Angelo Licata
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
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Wang Y, Dellatore P, Douard V, Qin L, Watford M, Ferraris RP, Lin T, Shapses SA. High fat diet enriched with saturated, but not monounsaturated fatty acids adversely affects femur, and both diets increase calcium absorption in older female mice. Nutr Res 2016; 36:742-50. [PMID: 27262536 PMCID: PMC4919156 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diet induced obesity has been shown to reduce bone mineral density (BMD) and Ca absorption. However, previous experiments have not examined the effect of high fat diet (HFD) in the absence of obesity or addressed the type of dietary fatty acids. The primary objective of this study was to determine the effects of different types of high fat feeding, without obesity, on fractional calcium absorption (FCA) and bone health. It was hypothesized that dietary fat would increase FCA and reduce BMD. Mature 8-month-old female C57BL/6J mice were fed one of three diets: a HFD (45% fat) enriched either with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) or with saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and a normal fat diet (NFD; 10% fat). Food consumption was controlled to achieve a similar body weight gain in all groups. After 8wk, total body bone mineral content and BMD as well as femur total and cortical volumetric BMD were lower in SFA compared with NFD groups (P<.05). In contrast, femoral trabecular bone was not affected by the SFAs, whereas MUFAs increased trabecular volume fraction and thickness. The rise over time in FCA was greater in mice fed HFD than NFD and final FCA was higher with HFD (P<.05). Intestinal calbindin-D9k gene and hepatic cytochrome P450 2r1 protein levels were higher with the MUFA than the NFD diet (P<.05). In conclusion, HFDs elevated FCA overtime; however, an adverse effect of HFD on bone was only observed in the SFA group, while MUFAs show neutral or beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Peter Dellatore
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Veronique Douard
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, USA
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Malcolm Watford
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Ronaldo P Ferraris
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, USA
| | - Tiao Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No,58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Sue A Shapses
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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O'Keefe JH, Bergman N, Carrera-Bastos P, Fontes-Villalba M, DiNicolantonio JJ, Cordain L. Nutritional strategies for skeletal and cardiovascular health: hard bones, soft arteries, rather than vice versa. Open Heart 2016; 3:e000325. [PMID: 27042317 PMCID: PMC4809188 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2015-000325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The focus of this paper is to explore better strategies for optimising bone strength and reducing risk of fracture, while at the same time decreasing risk of cardiovascular disease. The majority of Americans do not consume the current recommended dietary allowance for calcium, and the lifetime risk of osteoporosis is about 50%. However, traditional mononutrient calcium supplements may not be ideal. We comprehensively and systematically reviewed the scientific literature in order to determine the optimal dietary strategies and nutritional supplements for long-term skeletal health and cardiovascular health. To summarise, the following steps may be helpful for building strong bones while maintaining soft and supple arteries: (1) calcium is best obtained from dietary sources rather than supplements; (2) ensure that adequate animal protein intake is coupled with calcium intake of 1000 mg/day; (3) maintain vitamin D levels in the normal range; (4) increase intake of fruits and vegetables to alkalinise the system and promote bone health; (5) concomitantly increase potassium consumption while reducing sodium intake; (6) consider increasing the intake of foods rich in vitamins K1 and K2; (7) consider including bones in the diet; they are a rich source of calcium-hydroxyapatite and many other nutrients needed for building bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H O'Keefe
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute , Kansas City, Missouri , USA
| | - Nathaniel Bergman
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Center for Functional Medicine , Cleveland, Ohio , USA
| | - Pedro Carrera-Bastos
- Center for Primary Health Care Research , Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine at Lund University , Malmö , Sweden
| | - Maélan Fontes-Villalba
- Center for Primary Health Care Research , Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine at Lund University , Malmö , Sweden
| | | | - Loren Cordain
- Emeritus Professor of Nutritional Science , Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado , USA
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Pu F, Chen N, Xue S. Calcium intake, calcium homeostasis and health. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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González-Vega JC, Stein HH. Digestibility of calcium in feed ingredients and requirements of digestible calcium for growing pigs. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/an15352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to reduce phosphorus (P) excretion from pigs have increased during the past few decades and it has been recognised that interactions among dietary P, calcium (Ca), phytate, and microbial phytase exist. However, limited research has been reported on Ca digestibility, but to optimise the use of both Ca and P, digestibility values of Ca are needed. Due to endogenous losses of Ca, values for standardised total tract digestibility (STTD) of Ca in different Ca supplements and feed ingredients have been determined, and these values may be used to formulate mixed diets. Phytate may bind intrinsic Ca in feed ingredients of plant origin as well as extrinsic Ca from ingredients of animal origin or Ca supplements, but not all forms of Ca in Ca supplements will bind to phytate. Therefore, the effect of phytase on the STTD of Ca may vary depending on the amount of Ca bound to phytate and in some cases microbial phytase will result in increased STTD of Ca from animal proteins or Ca supplements. Dietary fibre may increase the STTD of Ca, but particle size and soybean oil do not influence the STTD of Ca. Requirements for digestible Ca by growing pigs has not yet been determined, but with the availability of values for the STTD of Ca in most commonly used feed ingredients, the basis for determining such values has been prepared. In conclusion, data for the STTD of Ca and the effects of microbial phytase in many feed ingredients have been determined and future research will be directed at determining the requirements for digestible Ca by different groups of pigs.
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Kühne H, Hause G, Grundmann SM, Schutkowski A, Brandsch C, Stangl GI. Vitamin D receptor knockout mice exhibit elongated intestinal microvilli and increased ezrin expression. Nutr Res 2015; 36:184-92. [PMID: 26606857 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In addition to its principle function as a calcium regulator, vitamin D can affect cell and tissue morphology. The intestine is an important target tissue of vitamin D, as it must ensure the efficient transport of nutrients across the epithelium while excluding the passage of harmful molecules and bacteria into the organism. These functions require a highly organized morphology, which may be modified by vitamin D deficiency. To elucidate the role of vitamin D in gut morphology and barrier function, we compared the enterocyte microstructures, gut permeability, and cytoskeletal and cell junction protein expression in vitamin D receptor (VDR) knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. We found that the duodenal epithelial cells in the VDR-KO mice had longer microvilli (+19%) than those of the WT mice (P < .05). Interestingly, microvilli elongation in the VDR-KO mice was associated with higher messenger RNA and protein expression of ezrin, which is involved in the regulation of microvillus morphogenesis. Intestinal tight junction width and permeability were assessed by measuring the fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran concentrations in plasma; the concentrations were comparable between the 2 groups of mice. We further observed a decrease in the messenger RNA and protein expression of the calcium-transporting tight junction protein claudin-2 in the VDR-KO mice compared with the WT mice (P < .05). In conclusion, the mice lacking VDR had longer enterocyte microvilli, likely as a result of increased ezrin expression. However, the morphology of the tight junctions and the intestinal permeability for large molecules were not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagen Kühne
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Gerd Hause
- Biocenter of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Sarah M Grundmann
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Alexandra Schutkowski
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Corinna Brandsch
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Gabriele I Stangl
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Hegan PS, Kravtsov DV, Caputo C, Egan ME, Ameen NA, Mooseker MS. Restoration of cytoskeletal and membrane tethering defects but not defects in membrane trafficking in the intestinal brush border of mice lacking both myosin Ia and myosin VI. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2015; 72:455-76. [PMID: 26286357 PMCID: PMC4715533 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Myosin Ia (Myo1a), the most prominent plus-end directed motor and myosin VI (Myo6) the sole minus-end directed motor, together exert opposing tension between the microvillar (MV) actin core and the apical brush border (BB) membrane of the intestinal epithelial cell (IEC). Mice lacking Myo1a or Myo6 each exhibit a variety of defects in the tethering of the BB membrane to the actin cytoskeleton. Double mutant (DM) mice lacking both myosins revealed that all the defects observed in either the Myo1a KO or Snell's waltzer (sv/sv) Myo6 mutant mouse are absent. In isolated DM BBs, Myo1a crosslinks between MV membrane and MV actin core are absent but the gap (which is lost in Myo1a KO) between the MV core and membrane is maintained. Several myosins including Myo1c, d, and e and Myo5a are ectopically recruited to the BB. Consistent with the restoration of membrane tethering defects by one or more of these myosins, upward ATP-driven shedding of the BB membrane, which is blocked in the Myo1a KO, is restored in the DM BB. However, Myo1a or Myo6 dependent defects in expression of membrane proteins that traffic between the BB membrane and endosome (NaPi2b, NHE3, CFTR) are not restored. Compared to controls, Myo1a KO, sv/sv mice exhibit moderate and DM high levels of hypersensitivity to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Consistent with Myo1a and Myo6 playing critical roles in maintaining IEC integrity and response to injury, DM IECs exhibit increased numbers of apoptotic nuclei, above that reported for Myo1a KO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Hegan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Dmitri V Kravtsov
- Department of Pediatrics/Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christina Caputo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Marie E Egan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Nadia A Ameen
- Department of Pediatrics/Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mark S Mooseker
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Lee SM, Riley EM, Meyer MB, Benkusky NA, Plum LA, DeLuca HF, Pike JW. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Controls a Cohort of Vitamin D Receptor Target Genes in the Proximal Intestine That Is Enriched for Calcium-regulating Components. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:18199-18215. [PMID: 26041780 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.665794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) plays an integral role in calcium homeostasis in higher organisms through its actions in the intestine, kidney, and skeleton. Interestingly, although several intestinal genes are known to play a contributory role in calcium homeostasis, the entire caste of key components remains to be identified. To examine this issue, Cyp27b1 null mice on either a normal or a high calcium/phosphate-containing rescue diet were treated with vehicle or 1,25(OH)2D3 and evaluated 6 h later. RNA samples from the duodena were then subjected to RNA sequence analysis, and the data were analyzed bioinformatically. 1,25(OH)2D3 altered expression of large collections of genes in animals under either dietary condition. 45 genes were found common to both 1,25(OH)2D3-treated groups and were composed of genes previously linked to intestinal calcium uptake, including S100g, Trpv6, Atp2b1, and Cldn2 as well as others. An additional distinct network of 56 genes was regulated exclusively by diet. We then conducted a ChIP sequence analysis of binding sites for the vitamin D receptor (VDR) across the proximal intestine in vitamin D-sufficient normal mice treated with vehicle or 1,25(OH)2D3. The residual VDR cistrome was composed of 4617 sites, which was increased almost 4-fold following hormone treatment. Interestingly, the majority of the genes regulated by 1,25(OH)2D3 in each diet group as well as those found in common in both groups contained frequent VDR sites that likely regulated their expression. This study revealed a global network of genes in the intestine that both represent direct targets of vitamin D action in mice and are involved in calcium absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Min Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Erin M Riley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Mark B Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Nancy A Benkusky
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Lori A Plum
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Hector F DeLuca
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - J Wesley Pike
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706.
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Khayyat Y, Attar S. Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Does it Exist? Oman Med J 2015; 30:115-8. [PMID: 25960837 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2015.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vitamin D has been found to be strongly associated with many systemic disorders. There has been an augmented interest within the medical community in vitamin D, especially its deficiency, in various systemic disorders. Although the role of vitamin D deficiency in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has not yet been established, studies are underway to clearly establish its role in the disease. The objective of our study was to elucidate and establish the role of vitamin D deficiency in IBS patients compared to a healthy control group. METHODS This study is a comparative case control study of vitamin D deficiency in patients with IBS diagnosed with ROME 3 criteria of classification (the third ROME foundation classification) to an age and gender matched healthy control group. The vitamin D level was measured in both cohorts for comparison and the results interpreted statistically. Sixty patients with IBS and 100 healthy individuals were included as test and control groups, respectively, in the study. The mean serum vitamin D level (nmol/L) of IBS patients was compared to the control group. RESULTS Vitamin D deficiency was detected in 49 patients (82%) in the IBS group and 31 patients (31%) in the control group. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean vitamin D level (p=0.025) between the IBS group and control group. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with IBS and these results seem to have therapeutic implications. Vitamin D supplementation could play a therapeutic role in the control of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Khayyat
- Department of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suzan Attar
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Camargo MBR, Vilaça T, Hayashi LF, Rocha OGF, Lazaretti-Castro M. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D level does not reflect intestinal calcium absorption: an assay using strontium as a surrogate marker. J Bone Miner Metab 2015; 33:319-28. [PMID: 24858975 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-014-0592-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is conflicting evidence as to the optimal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration for intestinal calcium absorption (Abs-Ca). Our purpose was to assess the relationship between vitamin D status and Abs-Ca in postmenopausal women. Fifty volunteers with low bone mass were grouped according to their serum 25(OH)D concentration as follows: mild deficient, <50 nmol/L (DEF) and sufficient, ≥75 nmol/L (SUF). The subjects were submitted to an oral strontium overload test to assess their Abs-Ca. Fasting blood samples were obtained to perform the relevant hormonal and biochemical tests. After the subjects received the test solution, blood samples were drawn at 30, 60, 120, and 240 min to determine the strontium concentrations. Abs-Ca was indirectly expressed as the area under the serum strontium concentration curve (AUC). A repeated measures ANOVA was performed to determine the differences among the groups. Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regression analysis were used to study the associations between the variables. The mean 25(OH)D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] concentrations differed between the groups (SUF vs. DEF) as follows: 98.7 ± 18.2 vs. 38.4 ± 8.5 nmol/L (p < 0.001) and 36.2 ± 10.2 vs. 24.9 ± 4.6 pg/mL (p < 0.001), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups for parathyroid hormone and AUC. Only 1,25(OH)2D influenced the strontium absorption in the last 2 h of the test. In the studied population, no correlation between levels of 25(OH)D and Abs-Ca was found. Only 1,25(OH)2D influenced Abs-Ca as measured by a strontium absorption test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Brasilio Rodrigues Camargo
- Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo/UNIFESP, Avenida Nove de Julho, 5581, Apto. 30, Jardim Paulista, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01407-200, Brazil,
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Goltzman D. Inferences from genetically modified mouse models on the skeletal actions of vitamin D. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 148:219-24. [PMID: 25237033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D has pleiotropic extra-skeletal effects which have been noted in mouse models of deletion of either the 25-hydroxy vitamin D 1α-hydroxylase enzyme, cyp27b1 (1OHase(-/-) mice) or of the vitamin D receptor (Vdr(-/-) mice); these may be preventable or reversible by either restoring normal signaling of the 1,25(OH)2D/VDR system, or in some cases by restoring normal mineral homeostasis. However, effects on skeletal and mineral homeostasis are clearly the major phenotype observed in humans with loss-of-function mutations in either CYP27B1 or VDR. In mouse phenocopies of these human disorders, correction of hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia reduce elevated circulating parathyroid hormone concentrations and normalize impaired bone mineralization, but restoration of normal 1,25(OH)2D/VDR signaling may be required for optimal bone formation. Induction of high endogenous 1,25(OH)2D concentrations in genetically modified mouse models may cause increased bone resorption and decreased mineralization. Transgenic Vdr overexpression and conditional Vdr deletion in cells of the osteoblastic lineage have also provided insights into the stages of osteoblast differentiation which may mediate these actions. These anabolic and catabolic effects of the 1,25(OH)2D system on bone may therefore be a function of both the ambient concentration of circulating 1,25(OH)2D and the stage of differentiation of the osteoblast. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled '17th Vitamin D Workshop'.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Goltzman
- Calcium Research Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada.
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Seth-Vollenweider T, Joshi S, Dhawan P, Sif S, Christakos S. Novel mechanism of negative regulation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase (Cyp24a1) Transcription: epigenetic modification involving cross-talk between protein-arginine methyltransferase 5 and the SWI/SNF complex. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:33958-70. [PMID: 25324546 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.583302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex facilitates gene transcription by remodeling chromatin using the energy of ATP hydrolysis. Recent studies have indicated an interplay between the SWI/SNF complex and protein-arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). Little is known, however, about the role of SWI/SNF and PRMTs in vitamin D receptor (VDR)-mediated transcription. Using SWI/SNF-defective cells, we demonstrated that Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1), an ATPase that is a component of the SWI/SNF complex, plays a fundamental role in induction by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) of the transcription of Cyp24a1 encoding the enzyme 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase involved in the catabolism of 1,25(OH)2D3. BRG1 was found to associate with CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) β and cooperate with VDR and C/EBPβ in regulating Cyp24a1 transcription. PRMT5, a type II PRMT that interacts with BRG1, repressed Cyp24a1 transcription and mRNA expression. Our findings indicate the requirement of the C/EBP site for the inhibitory effect of PRMT5 via its methylation of H3R8 and H4R3. These findings indicate that the SWI/SNF complex and PRMT5 may be key factors involved in regulation of 1,25(OH)2D3 catabolism and therefore in the maintenance of calcium homeostasis by vitamin D. These studies also define epigenetic events linked to a novel mechanism of negative regulation of VDR-mediated transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Seth-Vollenweider
- From the Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103 and
| | - Sneha Joshi
- From the Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103 and
| | - Puneet Dhawan
- From the Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103 and
| | - Said Sif
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Sylvia Christakos
- From the Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103 and
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Saito H, Harada S. Eldecalcitol replaces endogenous calcitriol but does not fully compensate for its action in vivo. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 144 Pt A:189-96. [PMID: 24291401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Calcitriol (1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 1α,25(OH)2D3) is an essential hormone that works in cooperation with parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) to regulate calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. Previous in vivo studies in rats have shown that eldecalcitol, a vitamin D analog, is more active than calcitriol in stimulating calcium and phosphorus absorption in the intestine and in increasing serum FGF-23, but is not as active in suppressing blood PTH. However, those results are problematic because administration of exogenous eldecalcitol or calcitriol affects the synthesis and degradation of endogenous calcitriol, and competes for binding to vitamin D receptor (VDR) in target tissues. Therefore, we tried to evaluate the 'true biological activity in vivo' of each compound by comparing their biological activities with respect to their blood concentrations. In VDR gene knockout mice, calcitriol and eldecalcitol did not affect either serum or urinary calcium levels, and also did not induce the expression of target genes. These results indicate that the actions of eldecalcitol are mediated by VDR. In normal rats, concentrations of both calcitriol and eldecalcitol in the blood increased dose-dependently and had a linear correlation with administered dosage. The concentration of calcitriol in the blood was reduced by eldecalcitol treatment, falling to below the limit of detection at 0.1μg/kg eldecalcitol. Based on the concentration of each compound in the blood, eldecalcitol had approximately 1/4 to 1/7 the activity of calcitriol to increase serum calcium, FGF-23, and urinary calcium excretion, and to suppress blood PTH. Eldecalcitol dose-dependently increased urinary phosphorus excretion and reduced serum phosphorus. However, calcitriol did not change serum phosphorus. In accordance with serum chemistry and hormones, a concentration of eldecalcitol in the blood of 3-8 times that of calcitriol was required to stimulate target gene expressions in the kidneys (VDR, TRPV5, and calbindin-D28k) and bone (VDR, FGF-23, and RANKL). On the other hand, the blood concentrations of eldecalcitol needed to stimulate target genes in the intestine (TRPV6, calbindin-D9k, and VDR) were comparable to those of calcitriol. These results indicate that oral administration of eldecalcitol stimulates target gene expression in the intestine similarly to calcitriol, but to a much lesser extent than calcitriol in the kidneys and bones. The major finding of the present study is that eldecalcitol suppresses endogenous calcitriol and replaces it. However, it may not fully compensate for the action of calcitriol in vivo. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled '16th Vitamin D Workshop'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Saito
- Medical Affairs Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo 103-8324, Japan.
| | - Suguru Harada
- Medical Affairs Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo 103-8324, Japan
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Todd JJ, Pourshahidi LK, McSorley EM, Madigan SM, Magee PJ. Vitamin D: Recent Advances and Implications for Athletes. Sports Med 2014; 45:213-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-014-0266-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Alexander RT, Rievaj J, Dimke H. Paracellular calcium transport across renal and intestinal epithelia. Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 92:467-80. [PMID: 25386841 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2014-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca(2+)) is a key constituent in a myriad of physiological processes from intracellular signalling to the mineralization of bone. As a consequence, Ca(2+) is maintained within narrow limits when circulating in plasma. This is accomplished via regulated interplay between intestinal absorption, renal tubular reabsorption, and exchange with bone. Many studies have focused on the highly regulated active transcellular transport pathways for Ca(2+) from the duodenum of the intestine and the distal nephron of the kidney. However, comparatively little work has examined the molecular constituents creating the paracellular shunt across intestinal and renal epithelium, the transport pathway responsible for the majority of transepithelial Ca(2+) flux. More specifically, passive paracellular Ca(2+) absorption occurs across the majority of the intestine in addition to the renal proximal tubule and thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. Importantly, recent studies demonstrated that Ca(2+) transport through the paracellular shunt is significantly regulated. Therefore, we have summarized the evidence for different modes of paracellular Ca(2+) flux across renal and intestinal epithelia and highlighted recent molecular insights into both the mechanism of secondarily active paracellular Ca(2+) movement and the identity of claudins that permit the passage of Ca(2+) through the tight junction of these epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Todd Alexander
- a Department of Pediatrics, The University of Alberta, 4-585 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 - 87 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada
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Farinola N, Kanjanapan Y. Denosumab-induced hypocalcaemia in high bone turnover states of malignancy and secondary hyperparathyroidism from renal failure. Intern Med J 2014; 43:1243-6. [PMID: 24237647 DOI: 10.1111/imj.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Denosumab, an anti-resorptive treatment for osteoporosis and skeletal metastases from solid tumours, can cause hypocalcaemia. The incidence may be higher than previously reported due to varying serum calcium cut-off and timing of measurement. The following cases illustrate patients at risk of hypocalcaemia despite supplementation. These populations, with underlying high bone turnover from metastatic bone disease or secondary hyperparathyroidism due to renal failure, may require closer monitoring of calcium levels post-denosumab administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Farinola
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Ponda MP, McGee D, Breslow JL. Vitamin D-binding protein levels do not influence the effect of vitamin D repletion on serum PTH and calcium: data from a randomized, controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:2494-9. [PMID: 24712573 PMCID: PMC4079311 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Vitamin D deficiency, defined by the total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level, is common and more prevalent among Blacks than whites. Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) levels vary with race and may modulate "bioavailable" levels of 25(OH)D. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of DBP levels on the functional response to vitamin D. SETTING AND DESIGN A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of vitamin D repletion for 2 mo, which took place at an outpatient research unit. Participants included 150 vitamin D-deficient (25(OH)D <20 ng/mL) adults. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either 50,000 IU of vitamin D3 or placebo weekly for 8 weeks. This is a post-hoc analysis using DBP, 25(OH)D, PTH, and calcium levels. RESULTS Blacks had lower total 25(OH)D (12 vs 15 ng/mL, P < .001) and DBP levels (119 vs 234 μg/mL, P < .001) than non-Blacks. DBP levels were similar before and after vitamin D3 or placebo treatment (r = 0.98, P < .001). Baseline total 25(OH)D levels were a significant determinant of baseline PTH levels (P < .001). The change in total 25(OH)D was associated with the change in PTH (P < 0.001) and calcium levels (P < .05). In contrast, DBP levels were not a determinant of baseline PTH (P = .57) nor significantly related to changes in either PTH (P = .53) or calcium levels (P = .88). CONCLUSIONS DBP levels are stable in Blacks and non-Blacks, and do not change with correction of vitamin D deficiency. Even for individuals with total 25(OH)D levels < 20 ng/mL, Blacks have significantly lower DBP levels than non-Blacks. However, within this range of total 25(OH)D, DBP levels do not influence the effect of vitamin D repletion on PTH or calcium levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish P Ponda
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065
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