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Hobi S, Bęczkowski PM, Mueller R, Tse M, Barrs VR. Malassezia dermatitis in dogs and cats. Vet J 2024; 304:106084. [PMID: 38431127 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Malassezia are members of the mycobiome of dogs and cats. In the presence of an underlying disease, these yeasts can proliferate, attach to the skin or mucosa to induce a secondary Malassezia dermatitis, otitis externa or paronychia. Since allergic dermatitis is one of the most common underlying causes, diagnostic investigation for allergy is often indicated. Cats may suffer from various other underlying problems, especially where Malassezia dermatitis is generalised. Malassezia dermatitis in dogs and cats is chronic, relapsing and pruritic. Direct cytology from dermatological lesions and the ear canal, showing "peanut-shaped" budding yeasts, facilitates a rapid and reliable diagnosis. Topical treatment includes antiseptic and antifungal azole-based products. Systemic treatment with oral antifungals is indicated only in severe or refractory disease. Identification and treatment of the underlying cause is essential for an optimal response. In this evidence-based narrative review, we discuss the clinical presentation of Malassezia dermatitis in dogs and cats, underlying comorbidities, and diagnostic considerations. Treatment is discussed in light of emerging evidence of antifungal resistance and the authors' clinical experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hobi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Administrative Region of China.
| | - Paweł M Bęczkowski
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Administrative Region of China
| | - Ralf Mueller
- LMU Small Animal Clinic, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - May Tse
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Administrative Region of China
| | - Vanessa R Barrs
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Administrative Region of China; Centre for Animal Health and Welfare, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Administrative Region of China
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2
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Billamboz M, Jawhara S. Anti- Malassezia Drug Candidates Based on Virulence Factors of Malassezia-Associated Diseases. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2599. [PMID: 37894257 PMCID: PMC10609646 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Malassezia is a lipophilic unicellular fungus that is able, under specific conditions, to cause severe cutaneous and systemic diseases in predisposed subjects. This review is divided into two complementary parts. The first one discusses how virulence factors contribute to Malassezia pathogenesis that triggers skin diseases. These virulence factors include Malassezia cell wall resistance, lipases, phospholipases, acid sphingomyelinases, melanin, reactive oxygen species (ROS), indoles, hyphae formation, hydrophobicity, and biofilm formation. The second section describes active compounds directed specifically against identified virulence factors. Among the strategies for controlling Malassezia spread, this review discusses the development of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) antagonists, inhibition of secreted lipase, and fighting biofilms. Overall, this review offers an updated compilation of Malassezia species, including their virulence factors, potential therapeutic targets, and strategies for controlling their spread. It also provides an update on the most active compounds used to control Malassezia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Billamboz
- INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1167—RID-AGE—Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;
- JUNIA, Health and Environment, Laboratory of Sustainable Chemistry and Health, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Samir Jawhara
- CNRS, UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, INSERM U1285, University of Lille, 1 Place Verdun, F-59000 Lille, France
- Medicine Faculty, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, F-59000 Lille, France
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3
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Ugochukwu ICI, Rhimi W, Chebil W, Rizzo A, Tempesta M, Giusiano G, Tábora RFM, Otranto D, Cafarchia C. Part 2: Understanding the role of Malassezia spp. in skin disorders: pathogenesis of Malassezia associated skin infections. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2023; 21:1245-1257. [PMID: 37883035 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2274500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malassezia is a major component of the skin microbiome, a lipophilic symbiotic organism of the mammalian skin, which can switch to opportunistic pathogens triggering multiple dermatological disorders in humans and animals. This phenomenon is favored by endogenous and exogenous host predisposing factors, which may switch Malassezia from a commensal to a pathogenic phenotype. AREA COVERED This review summarizes and discusses the most recent literature on the pathogenesis of Malassezia yeasts, which ultimately results in skin disorders with different clinical presentation. A literature search of Malassezia pathogenesis was performed via PubMed and Google scholar (up to May 2023), using the following keywords: Pathogenesis and Malassezia;host risk factors and Malassezia, Malassezia and skin disorders; Malassezia and virulence factors: Malassezia and metabolite production; Immunology and Malassezia. EXPERT OPINION Malassezia yeasts can maintain skin homeostasis being part of the cutaneous mycobiota; however, when the environmental or host conditions change, these yeasts are endowed with a remarkable plasticity and adaptation by modifying their metabolism and thus contributing to the appearance or aggravation of human and animal skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iniobong Chukwuebuka Ikenna Ugochukwu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Wafa Rhimi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Wissal Chebil
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology, Department of Clinical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Antonio Rizzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Maria Tempesta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Gustavo Giusiano
- Departamento de Micología, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Resistencia, Argentina
| | | | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Claudia Cafarchia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy
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4
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Rikken G, Smith KJ, van den Brink NJM, Smits JPH, Gowda K, Alnemri A, Kuzu GE, Murray IA, Lin JM, Smits JGA, van Vlijmen-Willems IM, Amin SG, Perdew GH, van den Bogaard EH. Lead optimization of aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands for treatment of inflammatory skin disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115400. [PMID: 36574884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) modulating agents gained attention in dermatology as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that improve skin barrier properties. By exploiting AHR's known ligand promiscuity, we generated novel AHR modulating agents by lead optimization of a selective AHR modulator (SAhRM; SGA360). Twenty-two newly synthesized compounds were screened yielding two novel derivatives, SGA360f and SGA388, in which agonist activity led to enhanced keratinocyte terminal differentiation. SGA388 showed the highest agonist activity with potent normalization of keratinocyte hyperproliferation, restored expression of skin barrier proteins and dampening of chemokine expression by keratinocytes upon Th2-mediated inflammation in vitro. The topical application of SGA360f and SGA388 reduced acute skin inflammation in vivo by reducing cyclooxygenase levels, resulting in less neutrophilic dermal infiltrates. The minimal induction of cytochrome P450 enzyme activity, lack of cellular toxicity and mutagenicity classifies SGA360f and SGA388 as novel potential therapeutic AHR ligands and illustrates the potential of medicinal chemistry to fine-tune AHR signaling for the development of targeted therapies in dermatology and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs Rikken
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kayla J Smith
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Noa J M van den Brink
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jos P H Smits
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Krishne Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Angela Alnemri
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Gulsum E Kuzu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Iain A Murray
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jyh-Ming Lin
- Metabolomics Facility, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jos G A Smits
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ivonne M van Vlijmen-Willems
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Shantu G Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Gary H Perdew
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Ellen H van den Bogaard
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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An overview of aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands in the Last two decades (2002–2022): A medicinal chemistry perspective. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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The Role of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) and Its Ligands in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225574. [PMID: 36428667 PMCID: PMC9688153 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a complex disease which is defined by numerous cellular and molecular markers that can be used to develop more targeted and successful therapies. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is overexpressed in many breast tumor sub-types, including estrogen receptor -positive (ER+) tumors; however, the prognostic value of the AhR for breast cancer patient survival is not consistent between studies. Moreover, the functional role of the AhR in various breast cancer cell lines is also variable and exhibits both tumor promoter- and tumor suppressor- like activity and the AhR is expressed in both ER-positive and ER-negative cells/tumors. There is strong evidence demonstrating inhibitory AhR-Rα crosstalk where various AhR ligands induce ER degradation. It has also been reported that different structural classes of AhR ligands, including halogenated aromatics, polynuclear aromatics, synthetic drugs and other pharmaceuticals, health promoting phytochemical-derived natural products and endogenous AhR-active compounds inhibit one or more of breast cancer cell proliferation, survival, migration/invasion, and metastasis. AhR-dependent mechanisms for the inhibition of breast cancer by AhR agonists are variable and include the downregulation of multiple genes/gene products such as CXCR4, MMPs, CXCL12, SOX4 and the modulation of microRNA levels. Some AhR ligands, such as aminoflavone, have been investigated in clinical trials for their anticancer activity against breast cancer. In contrast, several publications have reported that AhR agonists and antagonists enhance and inhibit mammary carcinogenesis, respectively, and differences between the anticancer activities of AhR agonists in breast cancer may be due in part to cell context and ligand structure. However, there are reports showing that the same AhR ligand in the same breast cancer cell line gives opposite results. These differences need to be resolved in order to further develop and take advantage of promising agents that inhibit mammary carcinogenesis by targeting the AhR.
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Mathada BS, Somappa SB. An insight into the recent developments in anti-infective potential of indole and associated hybrids. J Mol Struct 2022; 1261:132808. [PMID: 35291692 PMCID: PMC8913251 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prevention, accurate diagnosis, and effective treatment of infections are the main challenges in the overall management of infectious diseases. The best example is the ongoing SARs-COV-2(COVID-19) pandemic; the entire world is extremely worried about at present. Interestingly, heterocyclic moieties provide an ideal scaffold on which suitable pharmacophores can be designed to construct novel drugs. Indoles are amongst the most essential class of heteroaromatics in medicinal chemistry, which are ubiquitous across natural sources. The aforesaid derivatives have become invaluable scaffolds because of their wide spectrum therapeutic applications. Therefore, many researchers are focused on the design and synthesis of indole and associated hybrids of biological relevance. Hence, in the present review, we concisely discuss the indole containing natural sources, marketed drugs, clinical candidates, and their biological activities like antibacterial, antifungal, anti-TB, antiviral, antimalarial, and anti-leishmanial activities. The structure-activity relationships study of indole derivatives is also presented for a better understanding of the identified structures. The literature data presented for the anti-infective agents herein covers largely for the last twelve years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sasidhar B Somappa
- Organic Chemistry Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Abinaya R, Srinath S, Soundarya S, Sridhar R, Balasubramanian KK, Baskar B. Recent Developments on Synthesis Strategies, SAR Studies and Biological Activities of β-Carboline Derivatives – An Update. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rosmarinus officinalis L. Leaf Extracts and Their Metabolites Inhibit the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Activation In Vitro and in Human Keratinocytes: Potential Impact on Inflammatory Skin Diseases and Skin Cancer. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082499. [PMID: 35458697 PMCID: PMC9029298 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation by environmental agents and microbial metabolites is potentially implicated in a series of skin diseases. Hence, it would be very important to identify natural compounds that could inhibit the AhR activation by ligands of microbial origin as 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ), indirubin (IND) and pityriazepin (PZ) or the prototype ligand 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Five different dry Rosmarinus officinalis L. extracts (ROEs) were assayed for their activities as antagonists of AhR ligand binding with guinea pig cytosol in the presence of [3H]TCDD. The methanolic ROE was further assayed towards CYP1A1 mRNA induction using RT-PCR in human keratinocytes against TCDD, FICZ, PZ, and IND. The isolated metabolites, carnosic acid, carnosol, 7-O-methyl-epi-rosmanol, 4′,7-O-dimethylapigenin, and betulinic acid, were assayed for their agonist and antagonist activity in the presence and absence of TCDD using the gel retardation assay (GRA). All assayed ROE extracts showed similar dose-dependent activities with almost complete inhibition of AhR activation by TCDD at 100 ppm. The methanol ROE at 10 ppm showed 99%, 50%, 90%, and 85% inhibition against TCDD, FICZ, IND, and PZ, respectively, in human keratinocytes. Most assayed metabolites exhibited dose-dependent antagonist activity. ROEs inhibit AhR activation by TCDD and by the Malassezia metabolites FICZ, PZ, and IND. Hence, ROE could be useful for the prevention or treatment of skin diseases mediated by activation of AhR.
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Colas L, Royer AL, Massias J, Raux A, Chesneau M, Kerleau C, Guerif P, Giral M, Guitton Y, Brouard S. Urinary metabolomic profiling from spontaneous tolerant kidney transplanted recipients shows enrichment in tryptophan-derived metabolites. EBioMedicine 2022; 77:103844. [PMID: 35241402 PMCID: PMC9034456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Operational tolerance is the holy grail in solid organ transplantation. Previous reports showed that the urinary compartment of operationally tolerant recipients harbor a specific and unique profile. We hypothesized that spontaneous tolerant kidney transplanted recipients (KTR) would have a specific urinary metabolomic profile associated to operational tolerance. Methods We performed metabolomic profiling on urine samples from healthy volunteers, stable KTR under standard and minimal immunosuppression and spontaneous tolerant KTR using liquid chromatography in tandem with mass spectrometry. Supervised and unsupervised multivariate computational analyses were used to highlight urinary metabolomic profile and metabolite identification thanks to workflow4metabolomic platform. Findings The urinary metabolome was composed of approximately 2700 metabolites. Raw unsupervised clustering allowed us to separate healthy volunteers and tolerant KTR from others. We confirmed by two methods a specific urinary metabolomic signature in tolerant KTR mainly driven by kynurenic acid independent of immunosuppressive drugs, serum creatinine and gender. Interpretation Kynurenic acid and tryptamine enrichment allowed the identification of putative pathways and metabolites associated with operational tolerance like IDO, GRP35 and AhR and indole alkaloids. Funding This study was supported by the ANR, IRSRPL and CHU de Nantes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Colas
- CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN, Centre Hospitalier, Nantes Université, 30 bd Jean Monnet, Nantes F-44000, France.
| | - Anne-Lise Royer
- MELISA Core Facility, Oniris, INRΑE, Nantes F-44307, France; Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Oniris, INRAE, Nantes F-44307, France.
| | - Justine Massias
- MELISA Core Facility, Oniris, INRΑE, Nantes F-44307, France; Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Oniris, INRAE, Nantes F-44307, France.
| | - Axel Raux
- MELISA Core Facility, Oniris, INRΑE, Nantes F-44307, France; Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Oniris, INRAE, Nantes F-44307, France.
| | - Mélanie Chesneau
- CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN, Centre Hospitalier, Nantes Université, 30 bd Jean Monnet, Nantes F-44000, France.
| | - Clarisse Kerleau
- CHU Nantes, Service de Néphrologie-Immunologie Clinique, Nantes Université, Nantes, France.
| | - Pierrick Guerif
- CHU Nantes, Service de Néphrologie-Immunologie Clinique, Nantes Université, Nantes, France.
| | - Magali Giral
- CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN, Centre Hospitalier, Nantes Université, 30 bd Jean Monnet, Nantes F-44000, France; CHU Nantes, Service de Néphrologie-Immunologie Clinique, Nantes Université, Nantes, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Biothérapie, Centre de Ressources Biologiques (CRB), Nantes, France.
| | - Yann Guitton
- MELISA Core Facility, Oniris, INRΑE, Nantes F-44307, France; Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Oniris, INRAE, Nantes F-44307, France.
| | - Sophie Brouard
- CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN, Centre Hospitalier, Nantes Université, 30 bd Jean Monnet, Nantes F-44000, France; CHU Nantes, Service de Néphrologie-Immunologie Clinique, Nantes Université, Nantes, France; Labex IGO, Nantes, France.
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Qiao P, Zhang C, Yu J, Shao S, Zhang J, Fang H, Chen J, Luo Y, Zhi D, Li Q, Ma J, Fu M, Dang E, Yin W, Wang G. Quinolinic acid, a tryptophan metabolite of the skin microbiota, negatively regulates the NLRP3 inflammasome through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2184-2193.e6. [PMID: 35143820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease whose pathogenesis involves skin microbiota dysbiosis. Multiple studies have revealed changes in microbiota abundances between psoriatic lesions and healthy skin. However, the metabolic pathways of skin microbiota (especially tryptophan metabolism, which is closely related to immunosuppression) are far less understood. In this study, we first detected the major microbial metabolites of tryptophan on skin surfaces, finding that the quinolinic acid (QA) were significantly lower in the lesional skin of patients with psoriasis than in that of healthy subjects and correlated negatively with the severity of psoriasis. In vitro and in vivo, applying QA significantly alleviated skin inflammation in an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent manner, resulting in the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, in mice with imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis, topical application of AhR small-interfering RNA substantially exacerbated the disease severity with increased NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Collectively, our data suggest that QA, a skin microbiota-derived metabolite, negatively regulates AhR-NLRP3 inflammasome signaling activation in patients with psoriasis, providing an insight into the correlation between microbiota metabolism and the host skin in individuals with psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinlei Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jieyu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaoling Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yixin Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dalong Zhi
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingyang Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingyi Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen Yin
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Coker OO. Non-bacteria microbiome (virus, fungi, and archaea) in gastrointestinal cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:256-262. [PMID: 34825404 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract houses millions of microbes collectively referred to as the gut microbiome. The gut microbes comprise of bacteria, viruses, fungi, archaea, and microscopic eukaryotes, which co-evolved or colonize the gut forming complex symbiotic and mutualistic relationships. A state of homeostasis is required between host and gut microbiome relationship to maintain several host beneficial processes. Alterations in the taxonomic and functional composition of the gut microbes are associated with several human diseases including gastrointestinal cancers. Owed to their overwhelming abundance and ease of characterization, several studies focus on the role of bacteria in gastrointestinal cancers. There is however growing evidence that non-bacteria gut microbes are associated with the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal cancers. This review details the association of non-bacteria gut microbes including fungi, viruses, and archaea and their potential manipulation in the prevention and treatment of human gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olabisi Oluwabukola Coker
- Institute of Digestive Disease and The Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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13
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The human fungal pathogen Malassezia and its role in cancer. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fernández-Gallego N, Sánchez-Madrid F, Cibrian D. Role of AHR Ligands in Skin Homeostasis and Cutaneous Inflammation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113176. [PMID: 34831399 PMCID: PMC8622815 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is an important regulator of skin barrier function. It also controls immune-mediated skin responses. The AHR modulates various physiological functions by acting as a sensor that mediates environment–cell interactions, particularly during immune and inflammatory responses. Diverse experimental systems have been used to assess the AHR’s role in skin inflammation, including in vitro assays of keratinocyte stimulation and murine models of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Similar approaches have addressed the role of AHR ligands, e.g., TCDD, FICZ, and microbiota-derived metabolites, in skin homeostasis and pathology. Tapinarof is a novel AHR-modulating agent that inhibits skin inflammation and enhances skin barrier function. The topical application of tapinarof is being evaluated in clinical trials to treat psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. In the present review, we summarize the effects of natural and synthetic AHR ligands in keratinocytes and inflammatory cells, and their relevance in normal skin homeostasis and cutaneous inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Fernández-Gallego
- Immunology Service, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Immunology Service, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.S.-M.); (D.C.)
| | - Danay Cibrian
- Immunology Service, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.S.-M.); (D.C.)
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Wang TN, Yang S, Shi SY, Yuan WY, Chen JX, Duan ZY, Lu AD, Wang ZW, Wang QM. Pityriacitrin marine alkaloids as novel antiviral and anti-phytopathogenic-fungus agents. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:4691-4700. [PMID: 34132452 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant diseases have been gripping agricultural production, seriously affecting the growth and yields of crops. Marine natural products are an important source for novel drugs discovery. In this work, pityriacitrin marine alkaloids were selected as the parent structures. A series of pityriacitrin alkaloid analogues were rationally designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antiviral activities and fungicidal activities. RESULT Most of these compounds were demonstrated to have higher antiviral activities than ribavirin. Particularly, compounds 3a, 3e, 8f, 8g, and 9g displayed higher anti-TMV activities than ningnanmycin at 500 μg·mL-1 . Mechanism research revealed that 3a could bind to TMV CP with an excellent affinity (Ka = 8.67 × 106 L·mol-1 ), thus interfere with the assembly of virus particles. These alkaloids also showed broad-spectrum fungicidal activities against eight kinds of phytopathogenic fungi. Compound 5f with 1.43-3.84 μg·mL-1 EC50 value against three fungi emerged as a new fungicidal candidate. CONCLUSION Pityriacitrin alkaloids and their derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for anti-TMV and fungicidal activities for the first time. Compounds 3a and 5f with excellent activities emerged as new candidates for antiviral research and fungicidal research, respectively. Current work provided a new idea for the molecular design and development of novel plant virus and fungi inhibitors in the future. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie-Nan Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Shan Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Shao-Yang Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Ying Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian-Xin Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhong-Yu Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ai-Dang Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zi-Wen Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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16
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Ke S, Xu T, Min Y, Wan Z, Yang Z, Wang K. Marine Alkaloid Pityriacitrin and Its Analogues: Discovery, Structures, Synthetic Methods and Biological Properties. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:233-244. [PMID: 33200706 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666201116144156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pityriacitrin is a natural marine alkaloid with a typical β-carboline scaffold, and which has been demonstrated to exhibit diverse biological functions. The special structural features for pityriacitrin lead to the increasing research interest and the emergence of versatile derivatives, and many pityriacitrin analogues have been isolated or synthesized over the past decades. The structural diversity and evolved biological activity of these natural alkaloids can offer opportunities for the development of highly potential novel drugs with a new mechanism of action, and therefore, the aim of this brief review is to describe the discovery, synthesis, and biological properties of natural pityriacitrin and its derivatives, as well as the isolation source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyong Ke
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Yong Min
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Zhongyi Wan
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Ziwen Yang
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Kaimei Wang
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
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17
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A comprehensive overview of β-carbolines and its derivatives as anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113688. [PMID: 34332400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
β-Carboline alkaloids are a family of natural and synthetic products with structural diversity and outstanding antitumor activities. This review summarizes research developments of β-carboline and its derivatives as anticancer agents, which focused on both natural and synthetic monomers as well as dimers. In addition, the structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis of β-carboline monomers and dimers are summarized and mechanism of action of β-carboline and its derivatives are also presented. A few possible research directions, suggestions and clues for future work on the development of novel β-carboline-based anticancer agents with improved expected activities and lesser toxicity are also provided.
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18
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Zhou S, Huang G, Chen G. Synthesis and anti-tumor activity of marine alkaloids. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 41:128009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Dvořák Z, Poulíková K, Mani S. Indole scaffolds as a promising class of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 215:113231. [PMID: 33582577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), deemed initially as a xenobiotic sensor, plays multiple physiological roles and is involved in various pathophysiological processes and many diseases' etiology. Therefore, the therapeutic and chemopreventive targeting of AhR is a fundamental issue. To date, thousands of structurally diverse ligands of AhR have been identified. The bottleneck in targeting the AhR is that it is a Janus-faced player with beneficial vs. harmful effects in the ligand-specific context. A distinct structural class of the AhR ligands is those with indole-based scaffolds. The present review summarizes the knowledge on the existing indole-derived AhR ligands, comprising natural and dietary compounds, synthetic compounds including clinically used drugs, endogenous intermediary metabolites, and catabolites produced by human microbiota. The examples of novel, indole ring containing, rational design based AhR ligands are presented. The molecular, in vitro, and in vivo effects are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Dvořák
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Karolína Poulíková
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sridhar Mani
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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20
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Liu JR, Miao H, Deng DQ, Vaziri ND, Li P, Zhao YY. Gut microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolism mediates renal fibrosis by aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling activation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:909-922. [PMID: 32965514 PMCID: PMC11073292 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03645-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota has a crucial effect on regulating the intestinal mucosal immunity and maintaining intestinal homeostasis both in health and in disease state. Many effects are mediated by gut microbiota-derived metabolites and tryptophan, an essential aromatic amino acid, is considered important among many metabolites in the crosstalk between gut microbiota and the host. Kynurenine, serotonin, and indole derivatives are derived from the three major tryptophan metabolism pathways modulated by gut microbiota directly or indirectly. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a cytoplasmic ligand-activated transcription factor involved in multiple cellular processes. Tryptophan metabolites as ligands can activate AHR signaling in various diseases such as inflammation, oxidative stress injury, cancer, aging-related diseases, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Accumulated uremic toxins in the body fluids of CKD patients activate AHR and affect disease progression. In this review, we will elucidate the relationship between gut microbiota-derived uremic toxins by tryptophan metabolism and AHR activation in CKD and its complications. This review will provide therapeutic avenues for targeting CKD and concurrently present challenges and opportunities for designing new therapeutic strategies against renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ru Liu
- Faculty of Life Science, & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hua Miao
- Faculty of Life Science, & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - De-Qiang Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Urumqi Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 590 Fridenly South Road, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92897, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Nephrology, Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science, & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.
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21
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Szabó T, Volk B, Milen M. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of β-Carboline Alkaloids. Molecules 2021; 26:663. [PMID: 33513936 PMCID: PMC7866041 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Carboline alkaloids are a remarkable family of natural and synthetic indole-containing heterocyclic compounds and they are widely distributed in nature. Recently, these alkaloids have been in the focus of interest, thanks to their diverse biological activities. Their pharmacological activity makes them desirable as sedative, anxiolytic, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, antitumor, antiviral, antiparasitic or antimicrobial drug candidates. The growing potential inherent in them encourages many researchers to address the challenges of the synthesis of natural products containing complex β-carboline frameworks. In this review, we describe the recent developments in the synthesis of β-carboline alkaloids and closely related derivatives through selected examples from the last 5 years. The focus is on the key steps with improved procedures and synthetic approaches. Furthermore the pharmacological potential of the alkaloids is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mátyás Milen
- Egis Pharmaceuticals Plc., Directorate of Drug Substance Development, P.O. Box 100, H-1475 Budapest, Hungary; (T.S.); (B.V.)
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22
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Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) Ligands as Selective AHR Modulators (SAhRMs). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186654. [PMID: 32932962 PMCID: PMC7555580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) was first identified as the intracellular protein that bound and mediated the toxic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, dioxin) and dioxin-like compounds (DLCs). Subsequent studies show that the AhR plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and in pathophysiology, and there is increasing evidence that the AhR is an important drug target. The AhR binds structurally diverse compounds, including pharmaceuticals, phytochemicals and endogenous biochemicals, some of which may serve as endogenous ligands. Classification of DLCs and non-DLCs based on their persistence (metabolism), toxicities, binding to wild-type/mutant AhR and structural similarities have been reported. This review provides data suggesting that ligands for the AhR are selective AhR modulators (SAhRMs) that exhibit tissue/cell-specific AhR agonist and antagonist activities, and that their functional diversity is similar to selective receptor modulators that target steroid hormone and other nuclear receptors.
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23
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Zhou S, Huang G. Retracted Article: The synthesis and biological activity of marine alkaloid derivatives and analogues. RSC Adv 2020; 10:31909-31935. [PMID: 35518151 PMCID: PMC9056551 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05856d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ocean is the origin of life, with a unique ecological environment, which has given birth to a wealth of marine organisms. The ocean is an important source of biological resources and tens of thousands of monomeric compounds have been separated from marine organisms using modern separation technology. Most of these monomeric compounds have some kind of biological activity that has attracted extensive attention from researchers. Marine alkaloids are a kind of compound that can be separated from marine organisms. They have complex and special chemical structures, but at the same time, they can show diversity in biological activities. The biological activities of marine alkaloids mainly manifest in the form of anti-tumor, anti-fungus, anti-viral, anti-malaria, and anti-osteoporosis properties. Many marine alkaloids have good medicinal prospects and can possibly be used as anti-tumor, anti-viral, and anti-fungal clinical drugs or as lead compounds. The limited amounts of marine alkaloids that can be obtained by separation, coupled with the high cytotoxicity and low selectivity of these lead compounds, has restricted the clinical research and industrial development of marine alkaloids. Marine alkaloid derivatives and analogues have been obtained via rational drug design and chemical synthesis, to make up for the shortcomings of marine alkaloids; this has become an urgent subject for research and development. This work systematically reviews the recent developments relating to marine alkaloid derivatives and analogues in the field of medical chemistry over the last 10 years (2010-2019). We divide marine alkaloid derivatives and analogues into five types from the point-of-view of biological activity and elaborated on these activities. We also briefly discuss the optimization process, chemical synthesis, biological activity evaluation, and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of each of these compounds. The abundant SAR data provides reasonable approaches for the design and development of new biologically active marine alkaloid derivatives and analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Application, Active Carbohydrate Research Institute, College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University Chongqing 401331 China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University Haikou Hainan 571158 China
| | - Gangliang Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Application, Active Carbohydrate Research Institute, College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University Chongqing 401331 China
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24
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Lin CJ, Chang YL, Yang YL, Chen YL. Natural alkaloid tryptanthrin exhibits novel anticryptococcal activity. Med Mycol 2020; 59:myaa074. [PMID: 32823278 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcal meningitis is a prevalent invasive fungal infection that causes around 180 000 deaths annually. Currently, treatment for cryptococcal meningitis is limited and new therapeutic options are needed. Historically, medicinal plants are used to treat infectious and inflammatory skin infections. Tryptanthrin is a natural product commonly found in these plants. In this study, we demonstrated that tryptanthrin had antifungal activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 μg/ml against Cryptococcus species and of 8 μg/ml against Trichophyton rubrum. Further analysis demonstrated that tryptanthrin exerted fungistatic and potent antifungal activity at elevated temperature. In addition, tryptanthrin exhibited a synergistic effect with the calcineurin inhibitors FK506 and cyclosporine A against Cryptococcus neoformans. Furthermore, our data showed that tryptanthrin induced cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase by regulating the expression of genes encoding cyclins and the SBF/MBF complex (CLN1, MBS1, PCL1, and WHI5) in C. neoformans. Screening of a C. neoformans mutant library further revealed that tryptanthrin was associated with various transporters and signaling pathways such as the calcium transporter (Pmc1) and protein kinase A signaling pathway. In conclusion, tryptanthrin exerted novel antifungal activity against Cryptococcus species through a mechanism that interferes with the cell cycle and signaling pathways. LAY SUMMARY The natural product tryptanthrin had antifungal activity against Cryptococcus species by interfering cell cycle and exerted synergistic effects with immunosuppressants FK506 and cyclosporine A. Our findings suggest that tryptanthrin may be a potential drug or adjuvant for the treatment of cryptococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jan Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Lin Chang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Liang Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Lien Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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25
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Safe S, Jayaraman A, Chapkin RS. Ah receptor ligands and their impacts on gut resilience: structure-activity effects. Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 50:463-473. [PMID: 32597352 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1773759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, dioxin) and structurally related halogenated aromatics modulate gene expression and induce biochemical and toxic responses that are mediated by initial binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The AhR also binds structurally diverse compound including pharmaceuticals, endogenous biochemicals, health-promoting phytochemicals, and microbial metabolites. Many of these AhR ligands do not induce TCDD-like toxic responses and some AhR ligands such as microbial metabolites of tryptophan play a role in maintaining gut health and protecting against intestinal inflammation and cancer. Many AhR ligands exhibit tissue- and response-specific AhR agonist or antagonist activities, and act as selective AhR modulators (SAhRMs) and this SAhRM-like activity has also been observed in AhR-ligand-mediated effects in the intestine. This review summarizes studies showing that several AhR ligands including phytochemicals and TCDD protect against dextran sodium sulfate-induced intestinal inflammation. In contrast, AhR ligands such as oxazole compounds enhance intestinal inflammation suggesting that AhR-mediated gut health can be enhanced or decreased by selective AhR modulators and this needs to be considered in development of AhR ligands for therapeutic applications in treating intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Mexia N, Koutrakis S, He G, Skaltsounis AL, Denison MS, Magiatis P. A Biomimetic, One-Step Transformation of Simple Indolic Compounds to Malassezia-Related Alkaloids with High AhR Potency and Efficacy. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:2238-2249. [PMID: 31647221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Malassezia furfur isolates from diseased skin preferentially biosynthesize compounds which are among the most active known aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) inducers, such as indirubin, tryptanthrin, indolo[3,2-b]carbazole, and 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole. In our effort to study their production from Malassezia spp., we investigated the role of indole-3-carbaldehyde (I3A), the most abundant metabolite of Malassezia when grown on tryptophan agar, as a possible starting material for the biosynthesis of the alkaloids. Treatment of I3A with H2O2 and use of catalysts like diphenyldiselenide resulted in the simultaneous one-step transformation of I3A to indirubin and tryptanthrin in good yields. The same reaction was first applied on simple indole and then on substituted indoles and indole-3-carbaldehydes, leading to a series of mono- and bisubstituted indirubins and tryptanthrins bearing halogens, alkyl, or carbomethoxy groups. Afterward, they were evaluated for their AhR agonist activity in recombinant human and mouse hepatoma cell lines containing a stably transfected AhR-response luciferase reporter gene. Among them, 3,9-dibromotryptanthrin was found to be equipotent to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) as an AhR agonist, and 3-bromotryptanthrin was 10-times more potent than TCDD in the human HG2L7.5c1 cell line. In contrast, 3,9-dibromotryptanthrin and 3-bromotryptanthrin were ∼4000 and >10,000 times less potent than TCDD in the mouse H1L7.5c3 cell line, respectively, demonstrating that they are species-specific AhR agonists. Involvement of the AhR in the action of 3-bromotryptanthrin was confirmed by the ability of the AhR antagonists CH223191 and SR1 to inhibit 3-bromotryptanthrin-dependent reporter gene induction in human HG2L7.5c1 cells. In conclusion, I3A can be the starting material used by Malassezia for the production of both indirubin and tryptanthrin through an oxidation mechanism, and modification of these compounds can produce some highly potent, efficacious and species-selective AhR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikitia Mexia
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens 15771 , Greece
| | - Stamatis Koutrakis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens 15771 , Greece
| | - Guochun He
- Department of Environmental Toxicology , University of California, Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens 15771 , Greece
| | - Michael S Denison
- Department of Environmental Toxicology , University of California, Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Prokopios Magiatis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens 15771 , Greece.,Department of Environmental Toxicology , University of California, Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
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27
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Shaker S, Sun TT, Wang LY, Ma WZ, Wu DL, Guo YW, Dong J, Chen YX, Zhu LP, Yang DP, Li HJ, Lan WJ. Reactive oxygen species altering the metabolite profile of the marine-derived fungus Dichotomomyces cejpii F31-1. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:41-48. [PMID: 31215239 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1611816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the influence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the secondary metabolites of the marine-derived fungus Dichotomomyces cejpii F31-1, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was added to the GPY culture medium. The HPLC chromatogram of the EtOAc extract of the culture broth was distinct from that of the H2O2 free GPY medium. Further study of the metabolites in the GPY medium with H2O2 resulted in the discovery of eight known compounds. Among them, (22E)-5α, 8α-epidioxyergosta-6, 22-dien-3β-ol (2) and ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraene-3-one (3) were present in the highest concentration, while ergosterol and diketopiperazines are abundant in the H2O2 free medium. Additionally, a new compound, dichocetide D (1) containing a chlorine element and a known ergosterol (10) were isolated from the H2O2 free medium. (22E)-5α, 8α-epidioxyergosta-6, 22-dien-3β-ol (2) exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity against human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP-C4-2B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharpkate Shaker
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting-Ting Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang-Yue Wang
- School of Bioscience & Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Zhe Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Dong-Lan Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Wei Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Dong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Xiu Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Long-Ping Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - De-Po Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hou-Jin Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jian Lan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Gaitanis G, Magiatis P, Mexia N, Melliou E, Efstratiou MA, Bassukas ID, Velegraki A. Antifungal activity of selected
Malassezia
indolic compounds detected in culture. Mycoses 2019; 62:597-603. [DOI: 10.1111/myc.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Gaitanis
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Skin and Venereal DiseasesSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of Ioannina Ioannina Greece
| | - Prokopios Magiatis
- Faculty of PharmacyDepartment of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products ChemistryNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Nikitia Mexia
- Faculty of PharmacyDepartment of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products ChemistryNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Eleni Melliou
- Faculty of PharmacyDepartment of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products ChemistryNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | | | - Ioannis D. Bassukas
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Skin and Venereal DiseasesSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of Ioannina Ioannina Greece
| | - Aristea Velegraki
- Mycology Research Laboratory and UOA/HCPF Culture CollectionDepartment of MicrobiologyMedical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
- Bioiatriki SA Athens Greece
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29
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Szabó T, Hazai V, Volk B, Simig G, Milen M. First total synthesis of the β-carboline alkaloids trigonostemine A, trigonostemine B and a new synthesis of pityriacitrin and hyrtiosulawesine. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Xu T, Shi L, Zhang Y, Wang K, Yang Z, Ke S. Synthesis and biological evaluation of marine alkaloid-oriented β-carboline analogues. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 168:293-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Hubbard TD, Liu Q, Murray IA, Dong F, Miller C, Smith PB, Gowda K, Lin JM, Amin S, Patterson AD, Perdew GH. Microbiota Metabolism Promotes Synthesis of the Human Ah Receptor Agonist 2,8-Dihydroxyquinoline. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:1715-1724. [PMID: 30777439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a major regulator of immune function within the gastrointestinal tract. Resident microbiota are capable of influencing AHR-dependent signaling pathways via production of an array of bioactive molecules that act as AHR agonists, such as indole or indole-3-aldehyde. Bacteria produce a number of quinoline derivatives, of which some function as quorum-sensing molecules. Thus, we screened relevant hydroxyquinoline derivatives for AHR activity using AHR responsive reporter cell lines. 2,8-Dihydroxyquinoline (2,8-DHQ) was identified as a species-specific AHR agonist that exhibits full AHR agonist activity in human cell lines, but only induces modest AHR activity in mouse cells. Additional dihydroxylated quinolines tested failed to activate the human AHR. Nanomolar concentrations of 2,8-DHQ significantly induced CYP1A1 expression and, upon cotreatment with cytokines, synergistically induced IL6 expression. Ligand binding competition studies subsequently confirmed 2,8-DHQ to be a human AHR ligand. Several dihydroxyquinolines were detected in human fecal samples, with concentrations of 2,8-DHQ ranging between 0 and 3.4 pmol/mg feces. Additionally, in mice the microbiota was necessary for the presence of DHQ in cecal contents. These results suggest that microbiota-derived 2,8-DHQ would contribute to AHR activation in the human gut, and thus participate in the protective and homeostatic effects observed with gastrointestinal AHR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Charles Miller
- Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences , Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine , New Orleans , Louisiana 70112 , United States
| | | | - Krishne Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology , Penn State College of Medicine , Hershey , Pennsylvania 17033 , United States
| | - Jyh Ming Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Penn State College of Medicine , Hershey , Pennsylvania 17033 , United States
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology , Penn State College of Medicine , Hershey , Pennsylvania 17033 , United States
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32
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Lai GC, Tan TG, Pavelka N. The mammalian mycobiome: A complex system in a dynamic relationship with the host. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 11:e1438. [PMID: 30255552 PMCID: PMC6586165 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian barrier surfaces are densely populated by symbiont fungi in much the same way the former are colonized by symbiont bacteria. The fungal microbiota, otherwise known as the mycobiota, is increasingly recognized as a critical player in the maintenance of health and homeostasis of the host. Here we discuss the impact of the mycobiota on host physiology and disease, the factors influencing mycobiota composition, and the current technologies used for identifying symbiont fungal species. Understanding the tripartite interactions among the host, mycobiota, and other members of the microbiota, will help to guide the development of novel prevention and therapeutic strategies for a variety of human diseases. This article is categorized under:
Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Genetic/Genomic Methods Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Organismal Models
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33
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Abstract
Humans are exceptional among vertebrates in that their living tissue is directly exposed to the outside world. In the absence of protective scales, feathers, or fur, the skin has to be highly effective in defending the organism against the gamut of opportunistic fungi surrounding us. Most (sub)cutaneous infections enter the body by implantation through the skin barrier. On intact skin, two types of fungal expansion are noted: (A) colonization by commensals, i.e., growth enabled by conditions prevailing on the skin surface without degradation of tissue, and (B) infection by superficial pathogens that assimilate epidermal keratin and interact with the cellular immune system. In a response-damage framework, all fungi are potentially able to cause disease, as a balance between their natural predilection and the immune status of the host. For this reason, we will not attribute a fixed ecological term to each species, but rather describe them as growing in a commensal state (A) or in a pathogenic state (B).
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34
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Abstract
This review discusses various biological and chemical aspects of the non-monoterpenoid azepinoindole class of alkaloids, including their isolation, biosynthesis and total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley C. Lindsay
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland
- New Zealand
| | - Se Hun Kim
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland
- New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Sperry
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of Auckland
- Auckland
- New Zealand
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35
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Burke KE. Mechanisms of aging and development-A new understanding of environmental damage to the skin and prevention with topical antioxidants. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 172:123-130. [PMID: 29287765 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has given us new insights into the molecular biology of extrinsic aging of the skin. Not only does UV irradiation directly cause photoaging of the skin, but also environmental pollutants significantly damage exposed skin by several mechanisms. Exposure to the noxious gases of air pollution with simultaneous exposure to UVA can act synergistically to initiate skin cancer. Also ozone generated from pollutants reacting with UV induces oxidative stress of the skin's surface via formation of lipid peroxidation products, with cascading consequences to deeper layers. Furthermore, new studies have demonstrated that particulate matter (PM) pollutants can penetrate the skin transepidermally and through hair follicles to induce skin aging via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a recently discovered ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates and protects keratinocytes, melanocytes, and fibroblasts. With this understanding that extrinsic aging of the skin is not only due to photoaging, we realize the necessity of protection beyond sunscreen. Fortunately, correctly formulated topical antioxidants can prevent damage inflicted by both UV and environmental pollution.
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36
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Sparber F, LeibundGut-Landmann S. Host Responses to Malassezia spp. in the Mammalian Skin. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1614. [PMID: 29213272 PMCID: PMC5702624 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin of mammalian organisms is home for a myriad of microbes. Many of these commensals are thought to have beneficial effects on the host by critically contributing to immune homeostasis. Consequently, dysbiosis can have detrimental effects for the host that may manifest with inflammatory diseases at the barrier tissue. Besides bacteria, fungi make an important contribution to the microbiota and among these, the yeast Malassezia widely dominates in most areas of the skin in healthy individuals. There is accumulating evidence that Malassezia spp. are involved in a variety of skin disorders in humans ranging from non- or mildly inflammatory conditions such as dandruff and pityriasis versicolor to more severe inflammatory skin diseases like seborrheic eczema and atopic dermatitis. In addition, Malassezia is strongly linked to the development of dermatitis and otitis externa in dogs. However, the association of Malassezia spp. with such diseases remains poorly characterized. Until now, studies on the fungus–host interaction remain sparse and they are mostly limited to experiments with isolated host cells in vitro. They suggest a multifaceted crosstalk of Malassezia spp. with the skin by direct activation of the host via conserved pattern recognition receptors and indirectly via the release of fungus-derived metabolites that can modulate the function of hematopoietic and/or non-hematopoietic cells in the barrier tissue. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the host response to Malassezia spp. in the mammalian skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Sparber
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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37
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Diverse Secondary Metabolites from the Marine-Derived Fungus Dichotomomyces cejpii F31-1. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15110339. [PMID: 29104243 PMCID: PMC5706029 DOI: 10.3390/md15110339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
By adding l-tryptophan and l-phenylalanine to GPY medium, twenty-eight compounds, including amides, polyketides, a sesquiterpenoid, a diterpenoid, a meroterpenoid, diketopiperazines, β-carbolines, fumiquinazolines, and indole alkaloids, were discovered from the marine-derived fungus Dichotomomyces cejpii F31-1, demonstrating the tremendous biosynthetic potential of this fungal strain. Among these compounds, four amides dichotomocejs A–D (1–4), one polyketide dichocetide A (5), and two diketopiperazines dichocerazines A–B (15 and 16) are new. The structures of these new compounds were determined by interpreting detailed spectroscopic data as well as calculating optical rotation values and ECD spectra. Obviously, Dichotomomyces cejpii can effectively use an amino acid-directed strategy to enhance the production of nitrogen-containing compounds. Dichotomocej A (1) displayed moderate cytotoxicity against the human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line RD with an IC50 value of 39.1 µM, and pityriacitrin (22) showed moderate cytotoxicity against the human colon carcinoma cell line HCT116 with an IC50 value of 35.1 µM.
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38
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Development and application of a simple method to detect toxic chemicals in fruits and vegetables that can be implemented in a rudimentary laboratory setting: A proof of concept study. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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39
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Wheeler ML, Limon JJ, Underhill DM. Immunity to Commensal Fungi: Detente and Disease. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2016; 12:359-385. [PMID: 28068483 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-052016-100342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fungi are ubiquitous in our environment, and a healthy immune system is essential to maintain adequate protection from fungal infections. When this protection breaks down, superficial and invasive fungal infections cause diseases that range from irritating to life-threatening. Millions of people worldwide develop invasive infections during their lives, and mortality for these infections often exceeds 50%. Nevertheless, we are normally colonized with many of the same disease-causing fungi (e.g., on the skin or in the gut). Recent research is dramatically expanding our understanding of the mechanisms by which our immune systems interact with these organisms in health and disease. In this review, we discuss what is currently known about where and how the immune system interacts with common fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Wheeler
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, and Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; , ,
| | - Jose J Limon
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, and Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; , ,
| | - David M Underhill
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, and Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; , , .,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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40
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Tavakoly Sany SB, Narimani L, Soltanian FK, Hashim R, Rezayi M, Karlen DJ, Mahmud HNME. An overview of detection techniques for monitoring dioxin-like compounds: latest technique trends and their applications. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11442c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) are considered as persistent bioaccumulative toxicants with a number of continuing issues in the fields of ecotoxicology and bioassay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leila Narimani
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- University Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | | | - Rosli Hashim
- Institute of Biological Sciences University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Majid Rezayi
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- University Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - David J. Karlen
- Environmental Protection Commission of Hillsborough County
- Tampa
- USA
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41
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Brennan JC, He G, Tsutsumi T, Zhao J, Wirth E, Fulton MH, Denison MS. Development of Species-Specific Ah Receptor-Responsive Third Generation CALUX Cell Lines with Enhanced Responsiveness and Improved Detection Limits. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:11903-12. [PMID: 26366531 PMCID: PMC4772899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The Ah receptor (AhR)-responsive CALUX (chemically activated luciferase expression) cell bioassay is commonly used for rapid screening of samples for the presence of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, dioxin), dioxin-like compounds, and AhR agonists/antagonists. By increasing the number of AhR DNA recognition sites (dioxin responsive elements), we previously generated a novel third generation (G3) recombinant AhR-responsive mouse CALUX cell line (H1L7.5c3) with a significantly enhanced response to DLCs compared to existing AhR-CALUX cell bioassays. However, the elevated background luciferase activity of these cells and the absence of comparable G3 cell lines derived from other species have limited their utility for screening purposes. Here, we describe the development and characterization of species-specific G3 recombinant AhR-responsive CALUX cell lines (rat, human, and guinea pig) that exhibit significantly improved limit of detection and dramatically increased TCDD induction response. The low background luciferase activity, low minimal detection limit (0.1 pM TCDD) and enhanced induction response of the rat G3 cell line (H4L7.5c2) over the H1L7.5c3 mouse G3 cells, identifies them as a more optimal cell line for screening purposes. The utility of the new G3 CALUX cell lines were demonstrated by screening sediment extracts and a small chemical compound library for the presence of AhR agonists. The improved limit of detection and increased response of these new G3 CALUX cell lines will facilitate species-specific analysis of DLCs and AhR agonists in samples with low levels of contamination and/or in small sample volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C. Brennan
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis California 95616, United States
| | - Guochun He
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis California 95616, United States
| | - Tomoaki Tsutsumi
- Division of Foods, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kamiyoga 1-18-1, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis California 95616, United States
| | - Ed Wirth
- Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, USDOC/NOAA/NOS/NCCOS, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, United States
| | - Michael H. Fulton
- Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, USDOC/NOAA/NOS/NCCOS, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, United States
| | - Michael S. Denison
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis California 95616, United States
- Corresponding Author: To whom correspondence should be addressed at Department of Environmental Toxicology, Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Tel: 530-752-3879; Fax: 530-752-3394;
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42
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Haarmann-Stemmann T, Esser C, Krutmann J. The Janus-Faced Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling in the Skin: Consequences for Prevention and Treatment of Skin Disorders. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2572-2576. [PMID: 26269144 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor expressed in all skin cell types, which is critically involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of skin diseases and thus represents a potential therapeutic target. Recent studies indicate that blocking AHR activation is desirable in some skin conditions, whereas the opposite, i.e., stimulation of AHR activation, is beneficial in another group of skin disorders. We here propose a model based on qualitative differences in canonical versus non-canonical AHR signaling to reconcile these seemingly contradictory observations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlotte Esser
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jean Krutmann
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany; Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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