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Al-akshar S, Tolulope Ibrahim S, Katapally TR. How can digital citizen science approaches improve ethical smartphone use surveillance among youth: Traditional surveys versus ecological momentary assessments. PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH 2024; 3:e0000448. [PMID: 39527558 PMCID: PMC11554190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitous use of smartphones among youth poses significant challenges related to non-communicable diseases, including poor mental health. Although traditional survey measures can be used to assess smartphone use among youth, they are subject to recall bias. This study aims to compare self-reported smartphone use via retrospective modified traditional recall survey and prospective Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMAs) among youth. This study uses data from the Smart Platform, which engages with youth as citizen scientists. Youth (N = 77) aged 13-21 years in two urban jurisdictions in Canada (Regina and Saskatoon) engaged with our research team using a custom-built application via their own smartphones to report on a range of behaviours and outcomes on eight consecutive days. Youth reported smartphone use utilizing a traditional validated measure, which was modified to capture retrospective smartphone use on both weekdays and weekend days. In addition, daily EMAs were also time-triggered over a period of eight days to capture prospective smartphone use. Demographic, behavioural, and contextual factors were also collected. Data analyses included t-test and linear regression using Python statistical software. There was a significant difference between weekdays, weekends and overall smartphone use reported retrospectively and prospectively (p-value = <0.001), with youth reporting less smartphone use via EMAs. Overall retrospective smartphone use was significantly associated with not having a part-time job (β = 139.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 34.759, 244.519, p-value = 0.010) and having more than two friends who are physically active (β = -114.72, 95%[CI] = -208.872, -20.569, p-value = 0.018). However, prospective smartphone use reported via EMAs was not associated with any behavioural and contextual factors. The findings of this study have implications for appropriately understanding and monitoring smartphone use in the digital age among youth. EMAs can potentially minimize recall bias of smartphone use among youth, and other behaviours such as physical activity. More importantly, digital citizen science approaches that engage large populations of youth using their own smartphones can transform how we ethically monitor and mitigate the impact of excessive smartphone use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Al-akshar
- DEPtH Lab, School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheriff Tolulope Ibrahim
- DEPtH Lab, School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tarun Reddy Katapally
- DEPtH Lab, School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, 750 Base Line Road East, Suite 300, London, Ontario, Canada
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Alexander JD, Linkersdörfer J, Toda-Thorne K, Sullivan RM, Cummins KM, Tomko RL, Allen NB, Bagot KS, Baker FC, Fuemmeler BF, Hoffman EA, Kiss O, Mason MJ, Nguyen-Louie TT, Tapert SF, Smith CJ, Squeglia LM, Wade NE. Passively sensing smartphone use in teens with rates of use by sex and across operating systems. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17982. [PMID: 39097657 PMCID: PMC11297944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68467-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Youth screen media activity is a growing concern, though few studies include objective usage data. Through the longitudinal, U.S.-based Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, youth (mage = 14; n = 1415) self-reported their typical smartphone use and passively recorded three weeks of smartphone use via the ABCD-specific Effortless Assessment Research System (EARS) application. Here we describe and validate passively-sensed smartphone keyboard and app use measures, provide code to harmonize measures across operating systems, and describe trends in adolescent smartphone use. Keyboard and app-use measures were reliable and positively correlated with one another (r = 0.33) and with self-reported use (rs = 0.21-0.35). Participants recorded a mean of 5 h of daily smartphone use, which is two more hours than they self-reported. Further, females logged more smartphone use than males. Smartphone use was recorded at all hours, peaking on average from 8 to 10 PM and lowest from 3 to 5 AM. Social media and texting apps comprised nearly half of all use. Data are openly available to approved investigators ( https://nda.nih.gov/abcd/ ). Information herein can inform use of the ABCD dataset to longitudinally study health and neurodevelopmental correlates of adolescent smartphone use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janosch Linkersdörfer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0405, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kara S Bagot
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tam T Nguyen-Louie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0405, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0405, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Calen J Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0405, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - Natasha E Wade
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0405, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Gugushvili N. The Association Between Neuroticism and Problematic Social Networking Sites Use: The Role of Fear of Missing out and Self-Control. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:1727-1750. [PMID: 36427043 PMCID: PMC11191662 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221142003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Problematic use of social networking sites (SNS) has a negative impact on mental health. It has been found that people who score high on neuroticism are especially vulnerable towards engaging with SNS in a problematic way but it is not clear which psychological mechanisms explain this relationship. We addressed this issue by examining the mediating role of fear of missing out and self-control in the relationship between neuroticism and problematic SNS use. For this purpose, we conducted a cross-sectional study (n = 151, 69.5% female, Mage = 26.23, SD = 7.52) and tested for parallel mediation using structural equation modelling. Neuroticism was found to be predictive of increased levels of problematic SNS use. Moreover, neuroticism was associated with both increased levels of fear of missing out and decreased levels of self-control. However, only fear of missing out was found to robustly mediate the relationship between neuroticism and problematic use of SNS. These findings suggest that fear of missing out could be an intervention target to prevent people scoring high on neuroticism from engaging in problematic SNS use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino Gugushvili
- Nino Gugushvili, Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229, Maastricht 6200, Netherlands.
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Su S, Cousijn J, Molenaar D, Freichel R, Larsen H, Wiers RW. From everyday life to measurable problematic smartphone use: The development and validation of the Smartphone Use Problems Identification Questionnaire (SUPIQ). J Behav Addict 2024; 13:506-524. [PMID: 38635334 PMCID: PMC11220805 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2024.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Problematic smartphone use (PSU) has gained attention, but its definition remains debated. This study aimed to develop and validate a new scale measuring PSU-the Smartphone Use Problems Identification Questionnaire (SUPIQ). Methods Using two separate samples, a university community sample (N = 292) and a general population sample (N = 397), we investigated: (1) the construct validity of the SUPIQ through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses; (2) the convergent validity of the SUPIQ with correlation analyses and the visualized partial correlation network analyses; (3) the psychometric equivalence of the SUPIQ across two samples through multigroup confirmatory factor analyses; (4) the explanatory power of the SUPIQ over the Short Version of Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV) with hierarchical multiple regressions. Results The results showed that the SUPIQ included 26 items and 7 factors (i.e., Craving, Coping, Habitual Use, Social Conflicts, Risky Use, Withdrawal, and Tolerance), with good construct and convergent validity. The configural measurement invariance across samples was established. The SUPIQ also explained more variances in mental health problems than the SAS-SV. Discussion and conclusions The findings suggest that the SUPIQ shows promise as a tool for assessing PSU. Further research is needed to enhance and refine the SUPIQ as well as to investigate its clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Su
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janna Cousijn
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Neuroscience of Addiction Lab, Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dylan Molenaar
- Psychological Methods, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René Freichel
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helle Larsen
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reinout W. Wiers
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Kim M, Seong G, Jeon MJ, Jung YC, Lee D. The mediating effect of attentional impulsivity between mindfulness and problematic smartphone use. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:294. [PMID: 38637786 PMCID: PMC11025234 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05708-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Problematic smartphone use has been linked to lower levels of mindfulness, impaired attentional function, and higher impulsivity. This study aimed to identify the psychological mechanisms of problematic smartphone use by exploring the relationship between addictive smartphone use, mindfulness, attentional function and impulsivity. METHODS Ninety participants were evaluated with the smartphone addiction proneness scale and classified into the problematic smartphone use group (n = 42; 24 women; mean age: 27.6 ± 7.2 years) or normal use group (n = 48; 22 women; mean age: 30.1 ± 5.7 years). All participants completed self-report questionnaires evaluating their trait impulsivity and mindfulness and attention tests that assessed selective, sustained and divided attention. We compared the variables between the groups and explored the relationship between mindfulness, attentional function, impulsivity and addictive smartphone use through mediation analysis. RESULTS The problematic smartphone use group showed higher trait impulsivity and lower mindfulness than the normal use group. There were no significant group differences in performance on attention tests. Levels of addictive smartphone use were significantly correlated with higher levels of trait impulsivity and lower levels of mindfulness, but not with performance on attention tests. Mediation analysis showed that acting with awareness, an aspect of mindfulness, reduces the degree of addictive smartphone use through attentional impulsivity, one of the trait impulsivity. CONCLUSION Acting without sufficient awareness could influence addictive smartphone use by mediating attentional impulsivity. This supports that executive control deficits, reflected in high attentional impulsivity, contribute to problematic smartphone use. Our findings imply that mindfulness-based interventions can enhance executive control over smartphone use by promoting awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjung Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Goeun Seong
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Jeon
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
| | - Young-Chul Jung
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Deokjong Lee
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Yonsei Empathy Psychiatry Clinic, Seoul, Korea.
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Cilligol Karabey S, Palanci A, Turan Z. How does smartphone addiction affect the lives of adolescents socially and academically?: a systematic review study. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:631-654. [PMID: 37365771 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2229241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Today, adolescents tend to accept smartphones more quickly than adults and spend more time with these devices since they are members of the first generation born and living in environments where smartphones and the internet are common. However, when they use smartphones excessively and become addicted to smartphones, this may cause them to suffer from various psychological, emotional, and physical health problems from an early age. Therefore, this study systematically examines the articles on smartphone addiction in adolescents. For this purpose, the related articles were screened using the Web of Science database and 188 studies by the search criteria were subjected to a systematic review. In this sense, methodological tendencies, variables and main findings of the studies included in the present study were examined. This study revealed that the quantitative research method was primarily used. The studies mainly investigated smartphone use, social relations, demographic characteristics, depression, personal characteristics, and sleep variables. Moreover, the studies were primarily conducted in China, and large sample groups were preferred. The factors that triggered the smartphone addiction of adolescents were family problems, and especially females were more addicted to smartphones than males. Moreover, smartphone addiction causes depressive symptoms, sleep problems, and decreased academic achievement in adolescents. Finally, various suggestions were presented based on the findings of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdulkadir Palanci
- Department of Computer Education & Instructional Technology, Faculty of Education, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Turan
- Department of Computer Education & Instructional Technology, Faculty of Education, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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7
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Sanders T, Noetel M, Parker P, Del Pozo Cruz B, Biddle S, Ronto R, Hulteen R, Parker R, Thomas G, De Cocker K, Salmon J, Hesketh K, Weeks N, Arnott H, Devine E, Vasconcellos R, Pagano R, Sherson J, Conigrave J, Lonsdale C. An umbrella review of the benefits and risks associated with youths' interactions with electronic screens. Nat Hum Behav 2024; 8:82-99. [PMID: 37957284 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01712-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The influence of electronic screens on the health of children and adolescents and their education is not well understood. In this prospectively registered umbrella review (PROSPERO identifier CRD42017076051 ), we harmonized effects from 102 meta-analyses (2,451 primary studies; 1,937,501 participants) of screen time and outcomes. In total, 43 effects from 32 meta-analyses met our criteria for statistical certainty. Meta-analyses of associations between screen use and outcomes showed small-to-moderate effects (range: r = -0.14 to 0.33). In education, results were mixed; for example, screen use was negatively associated with literacy (r = -0.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.20 to -0.09, P ≤ 0.001, k = 38, N = 18,318), but this effect was positive when parents watched with their children (r = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.28, P = 0.028, k = 12, N = 6,083). In health, we found evidence for several small negative associations; for example, social media was associated with depression (r = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.05 to 0.19, P ≤ 0.001, k = 12, N = 93,740). Limitations of our review include the limited number of studies for each outcome, medium-to-high risk of bias in 95 out of 102 included meta-analyses and high heterogeneity (17 out of 22 in education and 20 out of 21 in health with I2 > 50%). We recommend that caregivers and policymakers carefully weigh the evidence for potential harms and benefits of specific types of screen use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taren Sanders
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Michael Noetel
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Philip Parker
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Borja Del Pozo Cruz
- Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Stuart Biddle
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Sport and Health Scienchresholds for statistical credibilites, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Rimante Ronto
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ryan Hulteen
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Rhiannon Parker
- The Centre for Social Impact, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - George Thomas
- The Health and Wellbeing Centre for Research Innovation, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katrien De Cocker
- Department of Movement and Sport Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Salmon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kylie Hesketh
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole Weeks
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hugh Arnott
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma Devine
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roberta Vasconcellos
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Pagano
- School of Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jamie Sherson
- School of Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Conigrave
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chris Lonsdale
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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8
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Ceobanu CM, Marian AL, Apostolache R. Glimpse on 21st century new phobias; a predictive model of nomophobia. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1252099. [PMID: 38259779 PMCID: PMC10802701 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1252099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to examine the explanatory power of a predictive model of nomophobia consisting of rumination, fear of missing out (FoMO), mindfulness and non-pathological compulsions. The research involved a cross-sectional design exploring the prevalence of nomophobia in a Romanian university students' cohort. The quantitative methodology was used to collect and analyse the data obtained from all the respondents. Researchers adapted and pretested the questionnaire NMP-Q, before distributing it to 194 university students. SPSS (V. 20) and Hayes's PROCESS tool were used to analyse the data. The findings demonstrated that the above-mentioned psychological variables have a direct and significant relationship with nomophobia. Specifically, within the multidimensional mechanism that explains nomophobia, fear of missing out (FoMO), non-pathological compulsions, and rumination, included in the predictive model in this order, played the most important role, as together cover 34% of nomophobia variance. Furthermore, the fear of missing out has the highest explanatory contribution to nomophobia. The current study gives a better understanding of the dynamics of nomophobia in young people by focusing on psychological factors that play an important role in this phenomenon.
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Tan WK, Chung MH. Problematic online anime (animation) use: It's relationship with viewers' satisfaction with life, emotions, and emotion regulation. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 240:104049. [PMID: 37793224 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there are numerous studies on problematic technology use, such as problematic video game use and problematic smartphone use, little is known about problematic online anime use. However, problematic online anime use warrants further examination because of anime's popularity and commercial importance. Furthermore, how emotion strategies and emotions (such as pleasure and arousal) invoked upon watching the online anime are associated with problematic online anime use is not examined in previous studies. To bridge these literature gaps and to contribute to the fields of emotion regulation and media psychology, this study adopts the emotion regulation theory and considers the relationships among viewers' satisfaction with life, feelings of pleasure and arousal arising from watching a particular online anime, cognitive emotion regulation strategies activated because of anime viewing, and potential to exhibit problematic behavior related to online anime use, which is operationalized as viewers' inability to control or reduce watching online anime. Data was collected from viewers who have watched the popular romantic comedy anime Kaguya-sama: Love Is War online via a major online discussion board in Taiwan through the purposive sampling method. Data analysis on the 190 online questionnaire returns (mostly from males and students) through the partial least squares analysis reveals that the emotion regulation theory can be used to examine viewers' perceptions of anime. In the online anime context, the emotion regulation strategy most likely to be invoked is positive refocusing (mean value of 3.68, measured through a 5-point Likert scale) which is in line with how people typically watch anime for immersion and escapism. Satisfaction with life demonstrates its robustness and flexibility in invoking the positive refocusing (path coefficient = 0.17) and refocus on planning (path coefficient = 0.13) strategies. It also lowers the adoption of the maladaptive strategy of catastrophizing (path coefficient = -0.18). While catastrophizing strategy (path coefficient = 0.31) and arousal (path coefficient = 0.24) add to problematic online anime use, pleasure (path coefficient = -0.27) lowers problematic online anime use. Thus, when viewers keep magnifying the severity of a bad situation they are in while watching online anime, instead of making them better, could lead them to the undesirable outcome of problematic online anime use. Although this study has provided several interesting insights, this study has only considered Kaguya-sama: Love Is War and used survey respondents' perception of their extent of problematic online anime use. To increase generalization, future studies could consider other types of anime and alternative means to measure problematic use, such as frequency of online anime viewing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee-Kheng Tan
- National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Hsien Chung
- National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
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10
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Yao N, Chen J, Huang S, Montag C, Elhai JD. Depression and social anxiety in relation to problematic TikTok use severity: The mediating role of boredom proneness and distress intolerance. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2023.107751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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11
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Marcus Lionel Brown C. Extended Mind Over Matter: Privacy Protection Is the Sine Qua Non. AJOB Neurosci 2023; 14:97-99. [PMID: 37097877 DOI: 10.1080/21507740.2023.2188283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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12
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James RJE, Dixon G, Dragomir MG, Thirlwell E, Hitcham L. Understanding the construction of 'behavior' in smartphone addiction: A scoping review. Addict Behav 2023; 137:107503. [PMID: 36228362 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
It has been claimed that smartphone usage constitutes a behavioral addiction, characterised by compulsive, excessive use of one's phone and psychological withdrawal or distress when the phone is absent. However, there is uncertainty about key phenomenological and conceptual details of smartphone addiction. One of the central problems has been understanding the processes that link smartphone usage, and addiction. The question this paper aims to answer is straightforward: based on measures utilised in the literature, what does 'behavior' mean in the context of smartphone addiction? A scoping review of the smartphone addiction literature was undertaken. This identified 1305 studies collecting smartphone addiction data. Just under half (49.89%) of all published smartphone addiction papers did not report the collection of any smartphone specific behaviors. Those that did tended to focus on a small cluster of self-reported behaviors capturing volume of overall use: hours spent using a smartphone per day, number of pickups, duration of smartphone ownership, and types of app used. Approximately 10% of papers used logged behavioral data on phones. Although the theoretical literature places increasing focus on context and patterns of use, measurements of behavior tend to focus on broad, volumetric measures. The number of studies reporting behavior has decreased over time, suggesting smartphone addiction is becoming increasingly trait-like. Both major phone operating systems have proprietary apps that collected behavioral data by default, and research in the field should take advantage of these capabilities when measuring smartphone usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J E James
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham. University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
| | - Grace Dixon
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham. University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Maria-Gabriela Dragomir
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham. University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Edie Thirlwell
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham. University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Hitcham
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham. University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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13
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Ge J, Liu Y, Cao W, Zhou S. The relationship between anxiety and depression with smartphone addiction among college students: The mediating effect of executive dysfunction. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1033304. [PMID: 36710811 PMCID: PMC9874858 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1033304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Smartphone addiction symptom is increasing globally. Many studies have found that negative emotion is associated with smartphone addiction, but few explore the mediating effect of executive dysfunction. In a large-scale, cross-sectional survey, 421 Chinese college students completed measures on anxiety, depression, smartphone addiction, and executive dysfunction. We surveyed the prevalence of depression, impaired executive function, and smartphone addiction. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the questionnaire structure, and the mediation models were used to examine the relationship between anxiety, depression, impaired executive function, and smartphone addiction. The main finding indicated that anxiety, depression, and executive dysfunction were positively and significantly associated with smartphone addiction. Executive dysfunction plays a mediation role between anxiety and depression with smartphone addiction. Specifically, executive dysfunction completely mediates the pathway of anxiety and smartphone addiction and partly mediates the path of depression and smartphone addiction. Depression directly predicted smartphone addiction positively but anxiety did not. The sample consisted of Chinese college students, which limits generalizability and self-reported lack of objectivity. The result suggests that we should pay more attention to the mediating role of executive dysfunction between negative emotion and smartphone addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiaMin Ge
- School of Educational Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China,Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ya Liu
- School of Educational Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China,Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Ya Liu ✉
| | - Wenjing Cao
- School of Educational Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China,Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuyin Zhou
- School of Educational Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China,Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
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14
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O'Brien O, Sumich DA, Kanjo DE, Kuss DD. WiFi at University: A Better Balance between Education Activity and Distraction Activity Needed. COMPUTERS AND EDUCATION OPEN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.caeo.2021.100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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15
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Sánchez-Fernández M, Borda-Mas M. Problematic smartphone use and specific problematic Internet uses among university students and associated predictive factors: a systematic review. EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES 2022; 28:7111-7204. [PMID: 36465425 PMCID: PMC9707285 DOI: 10.1007/s10639-022-11437-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
University students are a high-risk population with problematic online behaviours that include generalized problematic Internet/smartphone use and specific problematic Internet uses (for example, social media or gaming). The study of their predictive factors is needed in order to develop preventative strategies. This systematic review aims to understand the current state of play by examining the terminology, assessment instruments, prevalence, and predictive factors associated with problematic smartphone use and specific problematic Internet uses in university students. A literature review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines using four major databases. A total of 117 studies were included, divided into four groups according to the domain of problem behaviour: problematic smartphone use (n = 67), problematic social media use (n = 39), Internet gaming disorder (n = 9), and problematic online pornography use (n = 2). Variability was found in terminology, assessment tools, and prevalence rates in the four groups. Ten predictors of problematic smartphone use, five predictors of problematic social media use, and one predictor of problematic online gaming were identified. Negative affectivity is found to be a common predictor for all three groups, while social media use, psychological well-being, and Fear of Missing Out are common to problematic smartphone and social media use. Our findings reaffirm the need to reach consistent diagnostic criteria in cyber addictions and allow us to make progress in the investigation of their predictive factors, thus allowing formulation of preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Sánchez-Fernández
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Seville (Universidad de Sevilla), C. Camilo José Cela, S/N, 41018 Seville, Spain
| | - Mercedes Borda-Mas
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Seville (Universidad de Sevilla), C. Camilo José Cela, S/N, 41018 Seville, Spain
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16
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Niu GF, Shi XH, Zhang ZL, Yang WC, Jin SY, Sun XJ. Can smartphone presence affect cognitive function? The moderating role of fear of missing out. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Incorporating objective behavioral data in gaming disorder research: Associations between time spent gaming and gaming disorder symptoms. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Alshakhsi S, Chemnad K, Almourad MB, Altuwairiqi M, McAlaney J, Ali R. Problematic internet usage: the impact of objectively Recorded and categorized usage time, emotional intelligence components and subjective happiness about usage. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11055. [PMID: 36281419 PMCID: PMC9587279 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Most research on Problematic Internet Usage (PIU) relied on self-report data when measuring the time spent on the internet. Self-reporting of use, typically done through a survey, showed discrepancies from the actual amount of use. Studies exploring the association between trait emotional intelligence (EI) components and the subjective feeling on technology usage and PIU are also limited. The current cross-sectional study aims to examine whether the objectively recorded technology usage, taking smartphone usage as a representative, components of trait EI (sociability, emotionality, well-being, self-control), and happiness with phone use can predict PIU and its components (obsession, neglect, and control disorder). A total of 268 participants (Female: 61.6%) reported their demographic and completed a questionnaire that included Problematic Internet Usage Questionnaire short form (PIUQ-SF-6), Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (TEIQue-SF), level of happiness with the amount and frequency of smartphone use, and living conditions (whether alone or with others). Their smartphone usage was objectively recorded through a dedicated app. A series of one-way ANOVA revealed no significant difference in PIU for different living conditions and a significant difference in the subjective level of happiness with phone usage (F (3, 264) = 7.55, p < .001), as well as of the frequency of usage where the unhappy group had higher PIU (F (3, 264) = 6.85, p < .001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that happiness with phone usage (β = -.17), the actual usage of communication (β = .17), social media (β = .19) and gaming apps (β = .13), and trait EI component of self-control (β = -.28) were all significant predictors of PIU. Moreover, gender, age, and happiness with the frequency of phone usage were not significant predictors of PIU. The whole model accounted for the total variance of PIU by 32.5% (Adjusted R2 = .287). Our study contributes to the literature by being among the few to rely on objectively recorded smartphone usage data and utilizing components of trait EI as predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameha Alshakhsi
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar
| | - Khansa Chemnad
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar
| | | | - Majid Altuwairiqi
- College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
| | - John McAlaney
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, UK
| | - Raian Ali
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar
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19
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Parker H, Burkart S, Reesor-Oyer L, Smith MT, Dugger R, von Klinggraeff L, Weaver RG, Beets MW, Armstrong B. Feasibility of Measuring Screen Time, Activity, and Context Among Families With Preschoolers: Intensive Longitudinal Pilot Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e40572. [PMID: 36173677 PMCID: PMC9562053 DOI: 10.2196/40572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital media has made screen time more available across multiple contexts, but our understanding of the ways children and families use digital media has lagged behind the rapid adoption of this technology. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the feasibility of an intensive longitudinal data collection protocol to objectively measure digital media use, physical activity, sleep, sedentary behavior, and socioemotional context among caregiver-child dyads. This paper also describes preliminary convergent validity of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) measures and preliminary agreement between caregiver self-reported phone use and phone use collected from passive mobile sensing. METHODS Caregivers and their preschool-aged child (3-5 years) were recruited to complete a 30-day assessment protocol. Within 30-days, caregivers completed 7 days of EMA to measure child behavior problems and caregiver stress. Caregivers and children wore an Axivity AX3 (Newcastle Upon Tyne) accelerometer to assess physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep. Phone use was assessed via passive mobile sensing; we used Chronicle for Android users and screenshots of iOS screen time metrics for iOS users. Participants were invited to complete a second 14-day protocol approximately 3-12 months after their first assessment. We used Pearson correlations to examine preliminary convergent validity between validated questionnaire measures of caregiver psychological functioning, child behavior, and EMA items. Root mean square errors were computed to examine the preliminary agreement between caregiver self-reported phone use and objective phone use. RESULTS Of 110 consenting participants, 105 completed all protocols (105/110, 95.5% retention rate). Compliance was defined a priori as completing ≥70%-75% of each protocol task. There were high compliance rates for passive mobile sensing for both Android (38/40, 95%) and iOS (64/65, 98%). EMA compliance was high (105/105, 100%), but fewer caregivers and children were compliant with accelerometry (62/99, 63% and 40/100, 40%, respectively). Average daily phone use was 383.4 (SD 157.0) minutes for Android users and 354.7 (SD 137.6) minutes for iOS users. There was poor agreement between objective and caregiver self-reported phone use; root mean square errors were 157.1 and 81.4 for Android and iOS users, respectively. Among families who completed the first assessment, 91 re-enrolled to complete the protocol a second time, approximately 7 months later (91/105, 86.7% retention rate). CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to collect intensive longitudinal data on objective digital media use simultaneously with accelerometry and EMA from an economically and racially diverse sample of families with preschool-aged children. The high compliance and retention of the study sample are encouraging signs that these methods of intensive longitudinal data collection can be completed in a longitudinal cohort study. The lack of agreement between self-reported and objectively measured mobile phone use highlights the need for additional research using objective methods to measure digital media use. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-36240.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Parker
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Sarah Burkart
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Layton Reesor-Oyer
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Michal T Smith
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Roddrick Dugger
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Lauren von Klinggraeff
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - R Glenn Weaver
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Michael W Beets
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Bridget Armstrong
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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20
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Casale S, Fioravanti G, Bocci Benucci S, Falone A, Ricca V, Rotella F. A meta-analysis on the association between self-esteem and problematic smartphone use. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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21
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Boursier V, Gioia F. Which are the Effects of Body-Objectification and Instagram-Related Practices on Male Body Esteem? A Cross-Sectional Study. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2022; 19:8-19. [PMID: 35401765 PMCID: PMC8969847 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20220103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE According to the objectification framework, media pressure toward body models promotes the internalization of beauty ideals that negatively influence individuals' body image and self-esteem. Historically, women have been the main target of sociocultural pressures. However, research has recently suggested that self-objectification is a male phenomenon as well, which can be inscribed in men's body experiences. Nevertheless, fewer studies have specifically focused on the male experience and general consequences of body-objectification are yet to be extensively analyzed regarding males' body image features. The current cross-sectional study explores the consequences of body-objectification on male body esteem, specifically testing the predictive role of exercising/dietary habits, body-objectification features, and SNS-related practices on male body esteem. METHOD A total of 238 male participants (mean age = 24.28 years, SD = 4.32) have been involved in an online survey. Three hierarchical analyses were performed to test the influence of objectified body consciousness and social networking-related experiences (i.e. Instagram intensity use, photo manipulation, selfie feedback investment) on young men's body esteem with specific reference to the weight, appearance, and attribution features of the Body Esteem Scale. RESULTS Findings highlighted that body shame played an interesting key role, influencing negatively all the body esteem dimensions, thus highlighting that attention needs to be deserved on this feature of OBC regarding males' experience. On the contrary, appearance control-related dimensions positively influenced body esteem. Overall, findings confirmed that objectification theory can adequately mark a pathway by which media imagery is internalized also by men and may negatively affect their body esteem. CONCLUSIONS Despite some limitations, this study may contribute to enlarging our knowledge on male body image and self-objectification experience and support literature shattering the stereotype that body dissatisfaction is a "female-exclusive" issue. Likewise, beyond some questioning positions, these findings also encourage further exploration of a healthier "control dimension", including body appearance-related activities and beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Boursier
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples “Federico II” via Porta di Massa, 1 – 80133 Naples, Italy,Corresponding author Dr. Valentina Boursier E-mail:
| | - Francesca Gioia
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples “Federico II” via Porta di Massa, 1 – 80133 Naples, Italy
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22
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Marciano L, Driver CC, Schulz PJ, Camerini AL. Dynamics of adolescents' smartphone use and well-being are positive but ephemeral. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1316. [PMID: 35079056 PMCID: PMC8789843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05291-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-being and smartphone use are thought to influence each other. However, previous studies mainly focused on one direction (looking at the effects of smartphone use on well-being) and considered between-person effects, with self-reported measures of smartphone use. By using 2548 assessments of well-being and trace data of smartphone use collected for 45 consecutive days in 82 adolescent participants (Mage = 13.47, SDage = 1.62, 54% females), the present study disentangled the reciprocal and individual dynamics of well-being and smartphone use. Hierarchical Bayesian Continuous Time Dynamic Models were used to estimate how a change in frequency and duration of smartphone use predicted a later change in well-being, and vice versa. Results revealed that (i) when participants used the smartphone frequently and for a longer period, they also reported higher levels of well-being; (ii) well-being positively predicted subsequent duration of smartphone use; (iii) usage patterns and system dynamics showed heterogeneity, with many subjects showing reciprocal effects close to zero; finally, (iv) changes in well-being tend to persist longer than changes in the frequency and duration of smartphone use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marciano
- Institute of Public Health, USI Università della Svizzera Italiana, Via Buffi 13, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland.
| | - Charles C Driver
- Institute of Education, University of Zurich, Freiestrasse 36, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Schulz
- Faculty of Communication, Culture, and Society, USI Università della Svizzera Italiana, Via Giuseppe Buffi 13, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Linda Camerini
- Institute of Public Health, USI Università della Svizzera Italiana, Via Buffi 13, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
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23
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Reesor-Oyer L, Parker H, Burkart S, Smith MT, Dugger R, von Klinggraeff L, Weaver RG, Beets MW, Armstrong B. Measuring Micro Temporal Processes Underlying Preschoolers Screen Use and Behavioral Health: Protocol for the Tots & Tech Study (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e36240. [PMID: 36169993 PMCID: PMC9557980 DOI: 10.2196/36240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive screen time is associated with poor health and behavioral outcomes in children. However, research on screen time use has been hindered by methodological limitations, including retrospective reports of usual screen time and lack of momentary etiologic processes occurring within each day. Objective This study is designed to assess the feasibility and utility of a comprehensive multibehavior protocol to measure the digital media use and screen time context among a racially and economically diverse sample of preschoolers and their families. This paper describes the recruitment, data collection, and analytical protocols for the Tots and Tech study. Methods The Tots and Tech study is a longitudinal, observational study of 100 dyads: caregivers and their preschool-age children (aged 3-5 years). Both caregivers and children will wear an Axivity AX3 accelerometer (Axivity Ltd) for 30 days to assess their physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep. Caregivers will complete ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) for 1 week to measure child behavioral problems, caregiver stress, and child screen time. Results The Tots and Tech study was funded in March 2020. This study maintains rolling recruitment, with each dyad on their own assessment schedule, depending on the time of enrollment. Enrollment was scheduled to take place between September 2020 and May 2022. We aim to enroll 100 caregiver-child dyads. The Tots and Tech outcome paper is expected to be published in 2022. Conclusions The Tots and Tech study attempts to overcome previous methodological limitations by using objective measures of screen time, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep behaviors with contextual factors measured by EMA. The results will be used to evaluate the feasibility and utility of a comprehensive multibehavior protocol using objective measures of mobile screen time and accelerometry in conjunction with EMA among caregiver-child dyads. Future observational and intervention studies will be able to use this study protocol to better measure screen time and its context. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/36240
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Affiliation(s)
- Layton Reesor-Oyer
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Hannah Parker
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Sarah Burkart
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Michal T Smith
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Roddrick Dugger
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Lauren von Klinggraeff
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - R Glenn Weaver
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Michael W Beets
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Bridget Armstrong
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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24
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Bayer JB, Anderson IA, Tokunaga R. Building and Breaking Social Media Habits. Curr Opin Psychol 2022; 45:101303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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25
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Problematic smartphone use and the quantity and quality of peer engagement among adolescents: A longitudinal study. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.107025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Lederer Y, Artzi H, Borodkin K. The effects of maternal smartphone use on mother-child interaction. Child Dev 2021; 93:556-570. [PMID: 34807453 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of maternal smartphone use on mother-child interaction. Thirty-three Israeli mothers and their 24- to 36-month-old toddlers (16 boys) from middle-high socioeconomic status participated in three within-subjects experimental conditions: maternal smartphone use, maternal magazine reading, and uninterrupted dyadic free-play. The mothers produced fewer utterances, provided fewer responses to child bids, missed child bids more often, and exchanged fewer conversational turns with their children when engaged with a smartphone or printed magazines compared to uninterrupted free-play. The quality of maternal responsiveness was also decreased. These findings suggest maternal smartphone use compromises mother-child interaction, which given smartphone ubiquity in daily life may have negative effects on child development in various domains, including language, cognition, and socioemotional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Lederer
- Department of Communication Disorders, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hallel Artzi
- Department of Communication Disorders, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Katy Borodkin
- Department of Communication Disorders, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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27
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Parry DA, Davidson BI, Sewall CJR, Fisher JT, Mieczkowski H, Quintana DS. A systematic review and meta-analysis of discrepancies between logged and self-reported digital media use. Nat Hum Behav 2021; 5:1535-1547. [PMID: 34002052 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-021-01117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
There is widespread public and academic interest in understanding the uses and effects of digital media. Scholars primarily use self-report measures of the quantity or duration of media use as proxies for more objective measures, but the validity of these self-reports remains unclear. Advancements in data collection techniques have produced a collection of studies indexing both self-reported and log-based measures. To assess the alignment between these measures, we conducted a pre-registered meta-analysis of this research. Based on 106 effect sizes, we found that self-reported media use correlates only moderately with logged measurements, that self-reports were rarely an accurate reflection of logged media use and that measures of problematic media use show an even weaker association with usage logs. These findings raise concerns about the validity of findings relying solely on self-reported measures of media use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Parry
- Department of Information Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - Brittany I Davidson
- School of Management, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Craig J R Sewall
- School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jacob T Fisher
- College of Media, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Daniel S Quintana
- NORMENT, Center for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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28
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Wade NE, Ortigara JM, Sullivan RM, Tomko RL, Breslin FJ, Baker FC, Fuemmeler BF, Delrahim Howlett K, Lisdahl KM, Marshall AT, Mason MJ, Neale MC, Squeglia LM, Wolff-Hughes DL, Tapert SF, Bagot KS. Passive Sensing of Preteens' Smartphone Use: An Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Cohort Substudy. JMIR Ment Health 2021; 8:e29426. [PMID: 34661541 PMCID: PMC8561413 DOI: 10.2196/29426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerns abound regarding childhood smartphone use, but studies to date have largely relied on self-reported screen use. Self-reporting of screen use is known to be misreported by pediatric samples and their parents, limiting the accurate determination of the impact of screen use on social, emotional, and cognitive development. Thus, a more passive, objective measurement of smartphone screen use among children is needed. OBJECTIVE This study aims to passively sense smartphone screen use by time and types of apps used in a pilot sample of children and to assess the feasibility of passive sensing in a larger longitudinal sample. METHODS The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study used passive, objective phone app methods for assessing smartphone screen use over 4 weeks in 2019-2020 in a subsample of 67 participants (aged 11-12 years; 31/67, 46% female; 23/67, 34% White). Children and their parents both reported average smartphone screen use before and after the study period, and they completed a questionnaire regarding the acceptability of the study protocol. Descriptive statistics for smartphone screen use, app use, and protocol feasibility and acceptability were reviewed. Analyses of variance were run to assess differences in categorical app use by demographics. Self-report and parent report were correlated with passive sensing data. RESULTS Self-report of smartphone screen use was partly consistent with objective measurement (r=0.49), although objective data indicated that children used their phones more than they reported. Passive sensing revealed the most common types of apps used were for streaming (mean 1 hour 57 minutes per day, SD 1 hour 32 minutes), communication (mean 48 minutes per day, SD 1 hour 17 minutes), gaming (mean 41 minutes per day, SD 41 minutes), and social media (mean 36 minutes per day, SD 1 hour 7 minutes). Passive sensing of smartphone screen use was generally acceptable to children (43/62, 69%) and parents (53/62, 85%). CONCLUSIONS The results of passive, objective sensing suggest that children use their phones more than they self-report. Therefore, use of more robust methods for objective data collection is necessary and feasible in pediatric samples. These data may then more accurately reflect the impact of smartphone screen use on behavioral and emotional functioning. Accordingly, the ABCD study is implementing a passive sensing protocol in the full ABCD cohort. Taken together, passive assessment with a phone app provided objective, low-burden, novel, informative data about preteen smartphone screen use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha E Wade
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Ryan M Sullivan
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Rachel L Tomko
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael C Neale
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | | | | | - Susan F Tapert
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kara S Bagot
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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29
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Marengo D, Sariyska R, Schmitt HS, Messner EM, Baumeister H, Brand M, Kannen C, Montag C. Exploring the Associations Between Self-reported Tendencies Toward Smartphone Use Disorder and Objective Recordings of Smartphone, Instant Messaging, and Social Networking App Usage: Correlational Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e27093. [PMID: 34591025 PMCID: PMC8517811 DOI: 10.2196/27093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social communication via instant messaging (IM) and social networking (SN) apps makes up a large part of the time that smartphone users spend on their devices. Previous research has indicated that the excessive use of these apps is positively associated with problematic smartphone use behaviors. In particular, image-based SN apps, such as Instagram (Facebook Inc) and Snapchat (Snap Inc), have been shown to exert stronger detrimental effects than those exerted by traditional apps, such as Facebook (Facebook Inc) and Twitter (Twitter Inc). Objective In this study, we investigated the correlation between individuals’ tendencies toward smartphone use disorder (SmUD) and objective measures of the frequency of smartphone usage. Additionally, we put to test the hypothesis that the pathway linking the frequency of actual smartphone usage to self-reported tendencies toward SmUD was mediated by the increased frequency of IM and SN app usage. Methods We recruited a sample of 124 adult smartphone users (females: 78/124, 62.9%; age: mean 23.84 years, SD 8.29 years) and collected objective information about the frequency of smartphone and SN app usage over 1 week. Participants also filled in a self-report measure for assessing the multiple components of tendencies toward SmUD. Bivariate associations were investigated by using Spearman correlation analyses. A parallel mediation analysis was conducted via multiple regression analysis. Results The frequency of smartphone usage, as well as the use of IM apps (Messenger, Telegram, and WhatsApp [Facebook Inc]), Facebook, and image-based apps (Instagram and Snapchat), had significant positive associations with at least 1 component of SmUD, and the cyberspace-oriented relationships factor exhibited the strongest associations overall. We found support for an indirect effect that linked actual smartphone usage to SmUD tendencies via the frequency of the use of image-based SN apps. Conclusions Our novel results shed light on the factors that promote SmUD tendencies and essentially indicate that image-based SN apps seem to be more strongly associated with problematic smartphone behaviors compared to IM apps and traditional SN apps, such as Facebook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Marengo
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rayna Sariyska
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Helena Sophia Schmitt
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Messner
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Harald Baumeister
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Brand
- Department of General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), Faculty of Engineering, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Kannen
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Montag
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Jones A, Armstrong B, Weaver RG, Parker H, von Klinggraeff L, Beets MW. Identifying effective intervention strategies to reduce children's screen time: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:126. [PMID: 34530867 PMCID: PMC8447784 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive screen time ([Formula: see text] 2 h per day) is associated with childhood overweight and obesity, physical inactivity, increased sedentary time, unfavorable dietary behaviors, and disrupted sleep. Previous reviews suggest intervening on screen time is associated with reductions in screen time and improvements in other obesogenic behaviors. However, it is unclear what study characteristics and behavior change techniques are potential mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of behavioral interventions. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to identify the behavior change techniques and study characteristics associated with effectiveness in behavioral interventions to reduce children's (0-18 years) screen time. METHODS A literature search of four databases (Ebscohost, Web of Science, EMBASE, and PubMed) was executed between January and February 2020 and updated during July 2021. Behavioral interventions targeting reductions in children's (0-18 years) screen time were included. Information on study characteristics (e.g., sample size, duration) and behavior change techniques (e.g., information, goal-setting) were extracted. Data on randomization, allocation concealment, and blinding was extracted and used to assess risk of bias. Meta-regressions were used to explore whether intervention effectiveness was associated with the presence of behavior change techniques and study characteristics. RESULTS The search identified 15,529 articles, of which 10,714 were screened for relevancy and 680 were retained for full-text screening. Of these, 204 studies provided quantitative data in the meta-analysis. The overall summary of random effects showed a small, beneficial impact of screen time interventions compared to controls (SDM = 0.116, 95CI 0.08 to 0.15). Inclusion of the Goals, Feedback, and Planning behavioral techniques were associated with a positive impact on intervention effectiveness (SDM = 0.145, 95CI 0.11 to 0.18). Interventions with smaller sample sizes (n < 95) delivered over short durations (< 52 weeks) were associated with larger effects compared to studies with larger sample sizes delivered over longer durations. In the presence of the Goals, Feedback, and Planning behavioral techniques, intervention effectiveness diminished as sample size increased. CONCLUSIONS Both intervention content and context are important to consider when designing interventions to reduce children's screen time. As interventions are scaled, determining the active ingredients to optimize interventions along the translational continuum will be crucial to maximize reductions in children's screen time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Jones
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC USA
| | - Bridget Armstrong
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC USA
| | - R. Glenn Weaver
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC USA
| | - Hannah Parker
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC USA
| | - Lauren von Klinggraeff
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC USA
| | - M. W. Beets
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC USA
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Horwood S, Anglim J, Mallawaarachchi SR. Problematic smartphone use in a large nationally representative sample: Age, reporting biases, and technology concerns. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.106848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Montag C, Rumpf HJ. The Potential of Digital Phenotyping and Mobile Sensing for Psycho-Diagnostics of Internet Use Disorders. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2021; 8:422-430. [PMID: 34258147 PMCID: PMC8266294 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-021-00376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present paper provides an accessible overview on the potential of digital phenotyping and mobile sensing not only shedding light on the nature of Internet Use Disorders (IUD), but also to provide new ideas on how to improve psycho-diagnostics of mental processes linked to IUD. RECENT FINDINGS In detail, the psycho-diagnostic areas of prevention, treatment, and aftercare in the realm of IUDs are focused upon in this work. Before each of these areas is presented in more specificity, the terms digital phenotyping and mobile sensing are introduced against the background of an interdisciplinary research endeavor called Psychoinformatics. Obstacles to overcome problems in this emerging research endeavor-sensing psychological traits/states from digital footprints-are discussed together with risks and chances, which arise from the administration of online-tracking technologies in the field of IUDs. SUMMARY Given the limited validity and reliability of traditional assessment via questionnaires or diagnostic interviews with respect to recall bias and tendencies to answer towards social desirability, digital phenotyping and mobile sensing offer a novel approach overcoming recall bias and other limitations of usual assessment approaches. This will not only set new standards in precisely mapping behavior, but it will also offer scientists and practitioners opportunities to detect risky Internet use patterns in a timely manner and to establish tailored feedback as a means of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Montag
- Faculty of Engineering, Computer Science and Psychology, Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Rumpf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Sapci O, Elhai JD, Amialchuk A, Montag C. The relationship between smartphone use and students` academic performance. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2021.102035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Marciano L, Schulz P, Camerini A. How smartphone use becomes problematic: Application of the ALT-SR model to study the predicting role of personality traits. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.106731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Islam MS, Sujan MSH, Tasnim R, Mohona RA, Ferdous MZ, Kamruzzaman S, Toma TY, Sakib MN, Pinky KN, Islam MR, Siddique MAB, Anter FS, Hossain A, Hossen I, Sikder MT, Pontes HM. Problematic Smartphone and Social Media Use Among Bangladeshi College and University Students Amid COVID-19: The Role of Psychological Well-Being and Pandemic Related Factors. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:647386. [PMID: 33935834 PMCID: PMC8085355 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.647386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Smartphone and social media use are an integral part of our daily life. Currently, the impact of excessive smartphone and social media use during the COVID-19 pandemic is poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate problematic smartphone use (PSPU) and problematic social media use (PSMU) among Bangladeshi college and university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 5,511 Bangladeshi college and university students (male: 58.9%; mean age: 21.2 years [SD = 1.7]; age range: 18-25) during the social-distancing in the COVID-19 pandemic (July 2020). A self-reported survey containing questions regarding socio-demographic, lifestyle, and home quarantine activities along with four psychometric scales was completed by participants. Results: The mean scores of PSPU and PSMU were 20.8 ± 6.8 (out of 36) and 14.7 ± 4.8 (out of 30). Based on a hierarchical regression analysis, PSPU and PSMU were positively associated with lower age, poor sleep, social media use, watching television, anxiety, and depression. Additionally, PSMU was linked to being female, living with nuclear family, having urban residence, irregular physical exercise, poor engagement with academic studies, and avoiding earning activities, whilst being male, being married, living with lower-income family, and alcohol consumption were linked to PSMU. Conclusions: The findings indicate that PSPU and PSMU were linked to poor psychological well-being (i.e., anxiety and depression) and other factors (especially lower age, poor sleep) during the pandemic, further suggesting the need for interventions including virtual awareness programs among college and university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Saiful Islam
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Bangladesh
- Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Safaet Hossain Sujan
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Bangladesh
- Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rafia Tasnim
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Bangladesh
- Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rashenda Aziz Mohona
- Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Most. Zannatul Ferdous
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Bangladesh
| | - Sk Kamruzzaman
- Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal, Bangladesh
| | - Tanziha Yeasmin Toma
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Bangladesh
- Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nazmus Sakib
- Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Ayurvedic Medicine, Hamdard University Bangladesh, Gazaria, Bangladesh
| | - Khairrun Nahar Pinky
- Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Riad Islam
- Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Anthropology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abid Bin Siddique
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Bangladesh
- Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahim Shariar Anter
- Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Alomgir Hossain
- Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Ikram Hossen
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Bangladesh
- Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Tajuddin Sikder
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Bangladesh
| | - Halley M. Pontes
- Department of Organizational Psychology, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Horwood S, Anglim J. Self and other ratings of problematic smartphone use: The role of personality and relationship type. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Elhai JD, Sapci O, Yang H, Amialchuk A, Rozgonjuk D, Montag C. Objectively‐measured and self‐reported smartphone use in relation to surface learning, procrastination, academic productivity, and psychopathology symptoms in college students. HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hbe2.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon D. Elhai
- Department of Psychology University of Toledo Toledo Ohio USA
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toledo Toledo Ohio USA
| | - Onur Sapci
- Department of Economics University of Toledo Toledo Ohio USA
| | - Haibo Yang
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior Tianjin Normal University Tianjin China
| | | | - Dmitri Rozgonjuk
- Department of Molecular Psychology Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University Ulm Germany
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Christian Montag
- Department of Molecular Psychology Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University Ulm Germany
- neuSCAN Laboratory, Clinical Hospital of the Chengdu Brain Science Institute and Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
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Wu YL, Lin SH, Lin YH. Two-dimensional taxonomy of internet addiction and assessment of smartphone addiction with diagnostic criteria and mobile apps. J Behav Addict 2021; 9:928-933. [PMID: 33410771 PMCID: PMC8969724 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent review by Montag et al. raised a taxonomical argument about internet addiction. We propose a two-dimensional taxonomy of internet addiction by both the device and the content as the solution. For the assessment of smartphone addiction, measurements should be based on functional impairment and validated by diagnostic criteria rather than solely on self-reported questionnaires. We detail the potential of mobile applications (apps) to improve the assessment of smartphone addiction. App-generated indicators could fulfill the unmet need of assessment of smartphone addiction and facilitate future assessment and treatment planning of smartphone addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lun Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsuan Lin
- Institute of Statistics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Corresponding author.
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Elhai JD, McKay D, Yang H, Minaya C, Montag C, Asmundson GJG. Health anxiety related to problematic smartphone use and gaming disorder severity during COVID-19: Fear of missing out as a mediator. HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 2020; 3:137-146. [PMID: 33363275 PMCID: PMC7753448 DOI: 10.1002/hbe2.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Health anxiety has been linked with fear and anxiety regarding COVID-19. Higher levels of health anxiety likely increased social distancing and self-isolating during the pandemic. We investigated relations among health anxiety, fear of missing out (FOMO) on rewarding social experiences from social distancing, and consequential levels of problematic smartphone use (PSU) and gaming disorder (GD). We surveyed a broad sample of 812 U.S. and Canadian participants during the pandemic, in late-May 2020, using the Short Health Anxiety Inventory, FOMO Scale, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, and GD test. Significant bivariate relationships were found among health anxiety, FOMO, PSU, and GD severity. Using structural equation modeling, FOMO mediated relations between health anxiety and both PSU and GD severity. We discuss FOMO as an important variable explaining problematic digital technology use to compensate for unmet social needs from social distancing. We discuss these findings within the context of the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution theoretical model of problematic internet use. Results offer novel insight into the role of health anxiety on FOMO from unmet social needs during the COVID-19 pandemic, and consequential problematic internet use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon D Elhai
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior Tianjin Normal University Tianjin China.,Department of Psychology University of Toledo Toledo Ohio USA.,Department of Psychiatry University of Toledo Toledo Ohio USA
| | - Dean McKay
- Department of Psychology Fordham University New York New York USA
| | - Haibo Yang
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior Tianjin Normal University Tianjin China
| | - Charlene Minaya
- Department of Psychology Fordham University New York New York USA
| | - Christian Montag
- Department of Molecular Psychology Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University Ulm Germany.,neuSCAN Laboratory, Clinical Hospital of the Chengdu Brain Science Institute and Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
| | - Gordon J G Asmundson
- Anxiety and illness Behaviors Laboratory, Department of Psychology University of Regina Regina Saskatchewan Canada
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Elhai JD, Yang H, McKay D, Asmundson GJG. COVID-19 anxiety symptoms associated with problematic smartphone use severity in Chinese adults. J Affect Disord 2020; 274:576-582. [PMID: 32663990 PMCID: PMC7251360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is fast-spreading and potentially fatal, introducing home quarantine, social distancing, and increased internet usage globally. We investigated COVID-19 anxiety, general anxiety and depression symptoms, and their impact on problematic smartphone use (PSU) severity METHODS: Participants were 908 residents of a large Eastern Chinese city, surveyed from late-February to mid-March, 2020. We administered online measures including the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, and items querying COVID-19-related news exposure and threat of death. Additionally, participants rated anxiety using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 with reference to COVID-19. RESULTS COVID-19 anxiety correlated with severity of PSU, depression and anxiety. Using established cut-off scores, 12% of participants were identified with at least moderate depression, and 24% with moderate anxiety. Using structural equation modeling, COVID-19 anxiety related to PSU severity, mediating relations between general anxiety and PSU severity. However, controlling PSU for general anxiety and depression severity, COVID-19 anxiety no longer predicted PSU severity. LIMITATIONS Limitations include the cross-sectional research design and reliance on data from only one country. CONCLUSIONS Results are discussed in context of the I-PACE model of excessive internet use. While COVID-19 anxiety is likely a global anxiety-provoking event, other everyday worries and anxiety are additionally clinically important in driving excessive internet use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon D Elhai
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, No. 57-1 Wujiayao Street, Hexi District, Tianjin 300074, China; Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Haibo Yang
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, No. 57-1 Wujiayao Street, Hexi District, Tianjin 300074, China.
| | - Dean McKay
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
| | - Gordon J G Asmundson
- Anxiety and Illness Behaviors Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S0A2, Canada
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