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Wagner S, Santner J, Irrgeher J, Puschenreiter M, Happel S, Prohaska T. Selective Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT) for the Simultaneous Assessment of Labile Sr and Pb Concentrations and Isotope Ratios in Soils. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6338-6346. [PMID: 35427118 PMCID: PMC9047413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wagner
- Department General, Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Chair of General and Analytical Chemistry, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Jakob Santner
- Department General, Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Chair of General and Analytical Chemistry, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
- Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Agronomy, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Johanna Irrgeher
- Department General, Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Chair of General and Analytical Chemistry, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Markus Puschenreiter
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Steffen Happel
- TrisKem International, 3 Rue des Champs Géons, ZAC de l’Eperon, 35170 Bruz, France
| | - Thomas Prohaska
- Department General, Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Chair of General and Analytical Chemistry, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
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Pommier AL, Buzier R, Simon S, Guibaud G. Impact of low ionic strength on DGT sampling with standard APA gels: Effect of pH and analyte. Talanta 2021; 222:121413. [PMID: 33167193 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Only a limited and scattered knowledge is currently available on the conditions leading to the occurrence of sampling alteration at low ionic strength (<10-3 mol L-1) with DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films technique). In this study, the role of the pH and the charge of the analyte were comprehensively evaluated with DGT equipped with APA (polyacrylamide with agarose-derivative crosslinker) diffusive gels and ZrO or Chelex binding phases. The sampling of four cations (CdII, CuII, NiII and PbII) and two anions (AsV and CrVI) was compared for pH 4, 6 and 8 at common (10-2 mol L-1) and low (10-4 mol L-1) ionic strengths. Results showed that the sampling was modified at low ionic strength only in the most acidic condition (pH 4) for both anions and cations with an opposite incidence: cations' sampling was halved whereas anions' sampling was increased. Furthermore, cations sampling alteration was similarly reproduced using diffusion cell experiments, which requires only the APA gel, indicating that the binding layer does not participate in the low ionic strength effect. The intensity of DGT sampling modification was consistent with a prediction based on Donnan partitioning of analytes at gel/solution interface for several valences (from -I to + III). All these results strongly suggest that the APA diffusive gels carry positive charges that create a Donnan effect at low ionic strength. Since no ionic strength effect could be evidenced at pH 6 and 8, it can be reasonably assumed that this effect occurs only marginally for DGT deployments in most natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Lise Pommier
- Université de Limoges, PEIRENE-Equipe DIQeau - URA IRSTEA, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Rémy Buzier
- Université de Limoges, PEIRENE-Equipe DIQeau - URA IRSTEA, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Stéphane Simon
- Université de Limoges, PEIRENE-Equipe DIQeau - URA IRSTEA, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Guibaud
- Université de Limoges, PEIRENE-Equipe DIQeau - URA IRSTEA, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges Cedex, France
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Yin DX, Fang W, Guan DX, Williams PN, Moreno-Jimenez E, Gao Y, Zhao FJ, Ma LQ, Zhang H, Luo J. Localized Intensification of Arsenic Release within the Emergent Rice Rhizosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:3138-3147. [PMID: 31968168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Behavior of trace elements in flooded/lowland rice soils is controlled by root-zone iron oxidation. Insoluble iron species bind/capture toxic elements, i.e., arsenic. However, it was recently observed that within this territory of arsenic immobilization lies a zone of prolific iron release, accompanied by a significant flux of arsenic in close proximity to rice root apices. Questions still remain on how common this phenomenon is and whether the chemical imaging approaches or soils/cultivars used influence this event. Here, three types of ultrathin/high-resolution diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) substrates were integrated with oxygen planar optodes in a multilayer system, providing two-dimensional mapping of solute fluxes. The three DGT approaches revealed a consistent/overlapping spatial distribution with localized flux maxima for arsenic, which occurred in all experiments, concomitant with iron mobilization. Soil/porewater microsampling within the rhizosphere revealed no significant elevation in the solid phase's total iron and arsenic concentrations between aerobic and anaerobic zones. Contrary to arsenic, phosphorus bioavailability was shown to decrease in the arsenic/iron flux maxima. Rice roots, in addition to their role in nutrient acquisition, also perform a key sensory function. Flux maxima represent a significant departure from the chemical conditions of the bulk/field environment, but our observations of a complete rhizosphere reveal a mixed mode of root-soil interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Xia Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Wen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Dong-Xing Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Paul N Williams
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Eduardo Moreno-Jimenez
- Department of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Yue Gao
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Lena Q Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Hao Zhang
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, U.K
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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Wu Z, Wang S, Ji N. Distribution character of localized iron microniche in lake sediment microzone revealed by chemical image. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:35704-35716. [PMID: 31701417 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06219-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films) technique and LA-ICP-MS (laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) for heterogeneous distribution of the soluble labile iron (Fe) at submillimeter resolution in lake sediment porewater are reported. The soluble labile Fe species include ion and labile organic complexes. The chemical images in two dimensions (2D) for DGT concentration of Fe (CDGT(Fe)) are investigated for Fe remobilization character. There are 902 CDGT(Fe) values between 1000 and 2000 μg L-1, 463 values between 2000 and 3000 μg L-1, and 112 values over 3000 μg L-1 in all chemical maps. Based on the linear correlation relationships between CDGT (Fe) and total Fe (TFe), total organic carbon (TOC), acid-volatile sulfide (AVS), Eh, concentrations of the soluble reactive phosphorus (P) (SRP), and soluble labile trace metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in a vertical 1D profile of sediment or porewater, Fe release mechanisms are mainly due to the reductive Fe release from iron oxyhydroxides and the decomposition of organic matter in algae biomass and deep sediment layer. It can be used to explain the formation mechanisms of Fe microniches in chemical maps with heterogeneous character to a great extent. CDGT(Fe) peak flux in the center of Fe microniche and the low CDGT (Fe) at the edge of a microniche are due to the formation of the insoluble iron sulfide and the abundant acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) in sediment. The verified co-remobilization of the soluble labile Fe and trace metals or SRP in sediment porewater can be used to predict their simultaneous release from Fe microniches with the large CDGT (Fe) peaks. The different kinds of Fe microniche zones and hot spots from sediment/water interface (SWI) to deep sediment correspond to the formation mechanisms of microniches mentioned above. Moreover, some narrow Fe microniche zones with the large CDGT (Fe) across chemical maps are due to the desorption of Fe(II) from the freshly formed oxide on Myriophyllum verticiilatur roots, which are located at sites of microniche zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), Beijing, 100012, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Management of Plateau Lake-Watershed, Kunming, 650034, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Shengrui Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), Beijing, 100012, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Management of Plateau Lake-Watershed, Kunming, 650034, Yunnan Province, China.
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Ningning Ji
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), Beijing, 100012, China
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Fang W, Williams PN, Fang X, Amoah-Antwi C, Yin D, Li G, Ma LQ, Luo J. Field-Scale Heterogeneity and Geochemical Regulation of Arsenic, Iron, Lead, and Sulfur Bioavailability in Paddy Soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:12098-12107. [PMID: 30247023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A method using miniaturized arrayed DGT-probes (PADDI) for high-frequency in situ sampling with LA-ICPMS and CID analysis was developed to measure the field-scale heterogeneity of trace-element bioavailability. Robust calibrations (R2 > 0.99) combined with high-sensitivity (LOD = 0.35 ng cm-2), multielemental detection, and short measurement times were achieved using a new LA-ICPMS microDGT analysis. In the studied paddy-site (size: ∼2500 m2), total element concentrations across the field were approximately uniform (R.S.D. < 10%), but bioavailability was shown to vary significantly as determined from 864 microgel measurements housed within 72 PADDI arrays. Porewater As measurements were unable to differentiate the top/rhizosphere and bulk/deeper-soil layers. However, dynamic sampling with DGT revealed significant differences. Heterogeneity behaviors varied greatly between the different elements. Arsenic bioavailability was stable laterally across the field, but varied with depth, which was in contrast to the trends for Pb. Fe/S(-II) change was bidirectional, differing horizontally and vertically throughout the field. The heterogeneity in Pb bioavailability, due to the high frequency of hotspot maxima that were discretely dispersed across the paddy, proved the most difficult to simulate requiring the greatest number of probe deployments to determine a reliable field-average. The DGT-PADDI system provides a new characterization of infield trends for improved trace-inorganics' management in agricultural wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
| | - Paul N Williams
- Institute for Global Food Security , Queen's University Belfast , David Keir Building, Malone Road , Belfast , BT9 5BN Northern Ireland , United Kingdom
| | - Xu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science , ETH Zurich , 8092 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Collins Amoah-Antwi
- Institute for Global Food Security , Queen's University Belfast , David Keir Building, Malone Road , Belfast , BT9 5BN Northern Ireland , United Kingdom
- Warsaw University of Technology , Plac Politechniko 1 , Warsaw 00-661 , Poland
| | - Daixia Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , China
| | - Lena Q Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
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Philipps RR, Xu X, Mills GL, Bringolf RB. Impact of natural organic matter and increased water hardness on DGT prediction of copper bioaccumulation by yellow lampmussel (Lampsilis cariosa) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 241:451-458. [PMID: 29864748 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We conducted an exposure experiment with Diffusive Gradients in Thin- Films (DGT), fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), and yellow lampmussel (Lampsilis cariosa) to estimate bioavailability and bioaccumulation of Cu. We hypothesized that Cu concentrations measured by DGT can be used to predict Cu accumulation in aquatic animals and alterations of water chemistry can affect DGT's predict ability. Three water chemistries (control soft water, hard water, and addition of natural organic matter (NOM)) and three Cu concentrations (0, 30, and 60 μg/L) were selected, so nine Cu-water chemistry combinations were used. NOM addition treatments resulted in decreased concentrations of DGT-measured Cu and free Cu ion predicted by Biotic Ligand Model (BLM). Both hard water and NOM addition treatments had reduced concentrations of Cu ion and Cu-dissolved organic matter complexes compared to other treatments. DGT-measured Cu concentrations were linearly correlated to fish accumulated Cu, but not to mussel accumulated Cu. Concentrations of bioavailable Cu predicted by BLM, the species complexed with biotic ligands of aquatic organisms and, was highly correlated to DGT-measured Cu. In general, DGT-measured Cu fit Cu accumulations in fish, and this passive sampling technique is acceptable at predicting Cu concentrations in fish in waters with low NOM concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R Philipps
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, USA.
| | - Gary L Mills
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, USA
| | - Robert B Bringolf
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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7
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Amato ED, Covaci A, Town RM, Hereijgers J, Bellekens B, Giacometti V, Breugelmans T, Weyn M, Dardenne F, Bervoets L, Blust R. A novel active-passive sampling approach for measuring time-averaged concentrations of pollutants in water. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 209:363-372. [PMID: 29935465 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Passive sampling with in situ devices offers several advantages over traditional sampling methods (i.e., discrete spot sampling), however, data interpretation from conventional passive samplers is hampered by difficulties in estimating the thickness of the diffusion layer at the sampler/medium interface (δ), often leading to inaccurate determinations of target analyte concentrations. In this study, the performance of a novel device combining active and passive sampling was investigated in the laboratory. The active-passive sampling (APS) device is comprised of a diffusion cell fitted with a pump and a flowmeter. Three receiving phases traditionally used in passive sampling devices (i.e., chelex resin, Oasis HLB, and silicone rubber), were incorporated in the diffusion cell and allowed the simultaneous accumulation of cationic metals, polar, and non-polar organic compounds, respectively. The flow within the diffusion cell was accurately controlled and monitored, and, combined with diffusion coefficients measurements, enabled the average δ to be estimated. Strong agreement between APS and time-averaged total concentrations measured in discrete water samples was found for most of the substances investigated. Accuracies for metals ranged between 87 and 116%, except Cu and Pb (∼50%), whilst accuracies between 64 and 101%, and 92 and 151% were achieved for polar and non-polar organic compounds, respectively. These results indicate that, via a well-defined in situ preconcentration step, the proposed APS approach shows promise for monitoring the concentration of a range of pollutants in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvio D Amato
- Systemic, Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Raewyn M Town
- Systemic, Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jonas Hereijgers
- Research Group Advanced Reactor Technology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ben Bellekens
- Internet and Data Lab (IDLab), University of Antwerp-imec, Belgium
| | - Valentina Giacometti
- Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Tom Breugelmans
- Research Group Advanced Reactor Technology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Maarten Weyn
- Internet and Data Lab (IDLab), University of Antwerp-imec, Belgium
| | - Freddy Dardenne
- Systemic, Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lieven Bervoets
- Systemic, Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ronny Blust
- Systemic, Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
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Zhou C, van de Velde S, Baeyens W, Gao Y. Comparison of Chelex based resins in diffusive gradients in thin-film for high resolution assessment of metals. Talanta 2018; 186:397-405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Improving elution strategies for Chelex®-DGT passive samplers. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:7183-7189. [PMID: 29026944 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0680-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Elution of Chelex® binding layers, commonly used for the diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT), is recognized as the most important contributor to the uncertainty of DGT measurements. Limiting uncertainty requires the use of optimized procedures and suitable elution recoveries (f e ). This work therefore investigated elution robustness to propose improved strategies. A wide range of conditions were investigated for the main elution parameters (Chelex® particle size, elution time, Chelex® loading, and eluent concentration and volume) on Al(III), Cd(II), Co(II), Cr(III), Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II). Results showed that the choice of elution conditions should be a compromise driven by study constrains in terms of accuracy, repeatability, sensitivity, and targeted elements. Using experimentally determined recoveries should improve accuracy by approximately 5 to 10% compared to the use of recoveries from the literature. Fast elution of 1 h can be achieved without significant loss of recovery and repeatability except for Cr(III) (8 h minimum). Elution recovery depended on Chelex® loading for Zn and Cr and introducing recoveries adapted to the loading could improve accuracy up to, respectively, 11 and 27%. When standard recoveries are used, a 0.85 f e value would be more appropriate than the common value of 0.8 to minimize inaccuracy (except for Cr). Some flexibility can be applied to elution conditions without a significant change in recovery for most elements: HNO3 concentration of 1-15 M, volume of 1-2 mL, duration of 8-48 h. Cr(III) was unique in its sensitivity to elution condition variations; thus, choice is more restricted for this element. Graphical abstract Decisional tree for choosing elution procedure and recoveries for Chelex®-DGT.
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Hoefer C, Santner J, Borisov SM, Wenzel WW, Puschenreiter M. Integrating chemical imaging of cationic trace metal solutes and pH into a single hydrogel layer. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 950:88-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Guan DX, Williams PN, Xu HC, Li G, Luo J, Ma LQ. High-resolution measurement and mapping of tungstate in waters, soils and sediments using the low-disturbance DGT sampling technique. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 316:69-76. [PMID: 27209520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Increasing tungsten (W) use for industrial and military applications has resulted in greater W discharge into natural waters, soils and sediments. Risk modeling of W transport and fate in the environment relies on measurement of the release/mobilization flux of W in the bulk media and the interfaces between matrix compartments. Diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) is a promising passive sampling technique to acquire such information. DGT devices equipped with the newly developed high-resolution binding gels (precipitated zirconia, PZ, or ferrihydrite, PF, gels) or classic/conventional ferrihydrite slurry gel were comprehensively assessed for measuring W in waters. (Ferrihydrite)DGT can measure W at various ionic strengths (0.001-0.5molL(-1) NaNO3) and pH (4-8), while (PZ)DGT can operate across slightly wider environmental conditions. The three DGT configurations gave comparable results for soil W measurement, showing that typically W resupply is relatively poorly sustained. 1D and 2D high-resolution W profiling across sediment-water and hotspot-bulk media interfaces from Lake Taihu were obtained using (PZ)DGT coupled with laser ablation ICP-MS measurement, and the apparent diffusion fluxes across the interfaces were calculated using a numerical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Xing Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Paul N Williams
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Hua-Cheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Gang Li
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Lena Q Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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12
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Pan Y, Guan DX, Zhao D, Luo J, Zhang H, Davison W, Ma LQ. Novel Speciation Method Based on Diffusive Gradients in Thin-Films for in Situ Measurement of Cr(VI) in Aquatic Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:14267-14273. [PMID: 26535488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is much more toxic and mobile than the trivalent species (Cr(III)) and consequently, in situ monitoring of Cr(VI) can improve the understanding of Cr biogeochemistry and toxicity in ecosystems. The passive diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) technique is a powerful tool for determining metal(loid) speciation, but a binding phase that absorbs only one specific species of Cr is needed. N-Methyl-d-glucamine (NMDG) functional resin was incorporated into the DGT binding phase for selective measurement of Cr(VI). This NMDG-DGT sampler exhibited a theoretically linear accumulation of Cr(VI), with negligible accumulation (<5%) of Cr(III), even after 72 h deployment. The good prediction of Cr(VI) concentration in synthetic freshwater with NMDG-DGT, even in the presence of 10-time more Cr(III), further indicated the sampler's reliability in selective detection of Cr(VI). Moreover, its high capacity for Cr(VI), which exceeded 230 μg cm(-2), facilitates measurement of Cr(VI) in both uncontaminated natural waters and in slightly and heavily contaminated (ppm level) waters. Field deployment of the NMDG-DGT sampler in such waters allowed accurate measurement of time-averaged Cr(VI) concentration, indicating its robustness for in situ measurements of Cr speciation and its potential for further application in the risk assessment of Cr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Dong-Xing Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Di Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - William Davison
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lena Q Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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13
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Shiva AH, Teasdale PR, Bennett WW, Welsh DT. A systematic determination of diffusion coefficients of trace elements in open and restricted diffusive layers used by the diffusive gradients in a thin film technique. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 888:146-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Guan DX, Williams PN, Luo J, Zheng JL, Xu HC, Cai C, Ma LQ. Novel precipitated zirconia-based DGT technique for high-resolution imaging of oxyanions in waters and sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:3653-61. [PMID: 25655234 DOI: 10.1021/es505424m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Water-sediment exchange is a fundamental component of oxyanion cycling in the environment. Yet, many of the (im)mobilization processes overlay complex spatial and temporal redox regimes that occur within millimeters of the interface. Only a few methods exist that can reliably capture these porewater fluxes, with the most popular being high-resolution diffusive gradients in thin films (HR-DGT). However, functionality of HR-DGT is restricted by the availability of suitable analyte binding agents within the sampler, which must be simple to cast and homogeneously distributed in the binding layer, exhibit adequate sorption capacities, be resistive to chemical change, and possess a very fine particle size (≤10 μm). A novel binding layer was synthesized to meet these requirements by in situ precipitation of zirconia into a precast hydrogel. The particle diameter≤0.2 μm of zirconia in this precipitated gel was uniform and at least 50-times smaller than the conventional molding approach. Further, this gel had superior binding and stability characteristics compared with the commonly used ferrihydrite HR-DGT technique and could be easily fabricated as an ultrathin gel (60 μm) for simultaneous oxygen imaging in conjunction with planar-optodes. Chemical imaging of anion and oxygen fluxes using the new sampler were evaluated on Lake Taihu sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Xing Guan
- †State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Paul N Williams
- ‡Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Luo
- †State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jian-Lun Zheng
- †State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Hua-Cheng Xu
- §State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chao Cai
- ∥Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Lena Q Ma
- †State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
- ⊥Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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15
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Gao Y, van de Velde S, Williams PN, Baeyens W, Zhang H. Two-dimensional images of dissolved sulfide and metals in anoxic sediments by a novel diffusive gradients in thin film probe and optical scanning techniques. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Santner J, Larsen M, Kreuzeder A, Glud RN. Two decades of chemical imaging of solutes in sediments and soils--a review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 878:9-42. [PMID: 26002324 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The increasing appreciation of the small-scale (sub-mm) heterogeneity of biogeochemical processes in sediments, wetlands and soils has led to the development of several methods for high-resolution two-dimensional imaging of solute distribution in porewaters. Over the past decades, localised sampling of solutes (diffusive equilibration in thin films, diffusive gradients in thin films) followed by planar luminescent sensors (planar optodes) have been used as analytical tools for studies on solute distribution and dynamics. These approaches have provided new conceptual and quantitative understanding of biogeochemical processes regulating the distribution of key elements and solutes including O2, CO2, pH, redox conditions as well as nutrient and contaminant ion species in structurally complex soils and sediments. Recently these methods have been applied in parallel or integrated as so-called sandwich sensors for multianalyte measurements. Here we review the capabilities and limitations of the chemical imaging methods that are currently at hand, using a number of case studies, and provide an outlook on potential future developments for two-dimensional solute imaging in soils and sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Santner
- Rhizosphere Ecology and Biogeochemistry Group, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Morten Larsen
- Nordic Center for Earth Evolution (NordCEE), University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kreuzeder
- Rhizosphere Ecology and Biogeochemistry Group, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Ronnie N Glud
- Nordic Center for Earth Evolution (NordCEE), University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark; Scottish Marine Institute, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, Scotland, PA37 1QA, UK; Greenland Climate Research Centre (CO Greenland Institute of Natural Resources), Kivioq 2, Box 570, 3900 Nuuk, Greenland; Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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17
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Williams PN, Santner J, Larsen M, Lehto N, Oburger E, Wenzel W, Glud RN, Davison W, Zhang H. Localized flux maxima of arsenic, lead, and iron around root apices in flooded lowland rice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:8498-506. [PMID: 24967508 PMCID: PMC4124062 DOI: 10.1021/es501127k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In wetland-adapted plants, such as rice, it is typically root apexes, sites of rapid entry for water/nutrients, where radial oxygen losses (ROLs) are highest. Nutrient/toxic metal uptake therefore largely occurs through oxidized zones and pH microgradients. However, the processes controlling the acquisition of trace elements in rice have been difficult to explore experimentally because of a lack of techniques for simultaneously measuring labile trace elements and O2/pH. Here, we use new diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT)/planar optode sandwich sensors deployed in situ on rice roots to demonstrate a new geochemical niche of greatly enhanced As, Pb, and Fe(II) mobilization into solution immediately adjacent to the root tips characterized by O2 enrichment and low pH. Fe(II) mobilization was congruent to that of the peripheral edge of the aerobic root zone, demonstrating that the Fe(II) mobilization maximum only developed in a narrow O2 range as the oxidation front penetrates the reducing soil. The Fe flux to the DGT resin at the root apexes was 3-fold higher than the anaerobic bulk soil and 27 times greater than the aerobic rooting zone. These results provide new evidence for the importance of coupled diffusion and oxidation of Fe in modulating trace metal solubilization, dispersion, and plant uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N. Williams
- Lancaster
Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
- Institute
for Global Food Security, Queen’s
University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5HN, United Kingdom
| | - Jakob Santner
- Rhizosphere
Ecology and Biogeochemistry Group, Institute of Soil Science, Department
of Forest and Soil Sciences, University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Morten Larsen
- Institute
of Biology and Nordic Centre for Earth Evolution (NordCEE), University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Greenland
Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute
of National Resources, Kivioq 2, Post Office Box 570, 3900 Nuuk, Greenland
- Scottish
Marine Institute, Scottish Association for
Marine Science, Oban PA37 1QA, United Kingdom
| | - Niklas
J. Lehto
- Lancaster
Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
- Faculty
of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln
University, Post Office Box 84, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | - Eva Oburger
- Rhizosphere
Ecology and Biogeochemistry Group, Institute of Soil Science, Department
of Forest and Soil Sciences, University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Walter Wenzel
- Rhizosphere
Ecology and Biogeochemistry Group, Institute of Soil Science, Department
of Forest and Soil Sciences, University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Ronnie N. Glud
- Institute
of Biology and Nordic Centre for Earth Evolution (NordCEE), University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Greenland
Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute
of National Resources, Kivioq 2, Post Office Box 570, 3900 Nuuk, Greenland
- Scottish
Marine Institute, Scottish Association for
Marine Science, Oban PA37 1QA, United Kingdom
- Arctic
Research Center, Arhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - William Davison
- Lancaster
Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Hao Zhang
- Lancaster
Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
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18
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Peijnenburg WJGM, Teasdale PR, Reible D, Mondon J, Bennett WW, Campbell PGC. Passive sampling methods for contaminated sediments: state of the science for metals. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2014; 10:179-96. [PMID: 24470168 PMCID: PMC4238822 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
"Dissolved" concentrations of contaminants in sediment porewater (Cfree ) provide a more relevant exposure metric for risk assessment than do total concentrations. Passive sampling methods (PSMs) for estimating Cfree offer the potential for cost-efficient and accurate in situ characterization of Cfree for inorganic sediment contaminants. In contrast to the PSMs validated and applied for organic contaminants, the various passive sampling devices developed for metals, metalloids, and some nonmetals (collectively termed "metals") have been exploited to a limited extent, despite recognized advantages that include low detection limits, detection of time-averaged trends, high spatial resolution, information about dissolved metal speciation, and the ability to capture episodic events and cyclic changes that may be missed by occasional grab sampling. We summarize the PSM approaches for assessing metal toxicity to, and bioaccumulation by, sediment-dwelling biota, including the recognized advantages and limitations of each approach, the need for standardization, and further work needed to facilitate broader acceptance and application of PSM-derived information by decision makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willie JGM Peijnenburg
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Center for Safety of Substances and ProductsBilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter R Teasdale
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment, Griffith UniversityGold Coast Campus, Southport, Australia
| | - Danny Reible
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas Tech UniversityLubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Julie Mondon
- Center for Integrated Ecology, Environmental Sustainability Research Cluster, Deakin UniversityWarrnambool Campus, Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia
| | - William W Bennett
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment, Griffith UniversityGold Coast Campus, Southport, Australia
| | - Peter GC Campbell
- Université du Québec, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau, Terre et EnvironnementQuébec, Canada
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19
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Panther JG, Bennett WW, Welsh DT, Teasdale PR. Simultaneous Measurement of Trace Metal and Oxyanion Concentrations in Water using Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films with a Chelex–Metsorb Mixed Binding Layer. Anal Chem 2013; 86:427-34. [DOI: 10.1021/ac402247j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jared G. Panther
- Environmental
Futures Centre, Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University Gold Coast campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - William W. Bennett
- Environmental
Futures Centre, Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University Gold Coast campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - David T. Welsh
- Environmental
Futures Centre, Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University Gold Coast campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Peter R. Teasdale
- Environmental
Futures Centre, Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University Gold Coast campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
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20
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Speciation of lead in seawater and river water by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized in agarose gel as a binding agent in the diffusive gradients in thin films technique. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:1581-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6248-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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21
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Gao Y, Lehto N. A simple laser ablation ICPMS method for the determination of trace metals in a resin gel. Talanta 2012; 92:78-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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22
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Puy J, Uribe R, Mongin S, Galceran J, Cecília J, Levy J, Zhang H, Davison W. Lability Criteria in Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:6564-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jp212629z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramiro Uribe
- Departamento
de Física, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Jacqueline Levy
- Lancaster Environment
Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster,
United Kingdom
| | - Hao Zhang
- Lancaster Environment
Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster,
United Kingdom
| | - William Davison
- Lancaster Environment
Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster,
United Kingdom
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23
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Levy JL, Zhang H, Davison W, Galceran J, Puy J. Kinetic signatures of metals in the presence of Suwannee River fulvic acid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:3335-3342. [PMID: 22352943 DOI: 10.1021/es2043068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This work provides new information on the dissociation kinetics of metal-fulvic acid (FA) complexes. Diffusive gradients in thin-film (DGT) devices deployed in solutions containing metals and 30 mg L(-1) Suwannee River FA at pH 5 and 7, at two different metal-to-ligand ratios, were used to estimate an apparent diffusive boundary layer (ADBL) thickness at the gel-solution interface. The discrepancy between the ADBL thickness measured for metals that are known to dissociate from complexes quickly (e.g., Cd) and that of other trace metals was exploited to calculate the rate of complex dissociation. When the ADBL thickness is plotted for a suite of metals, a "kinetic signature" is created. There was a clear kinetic signature at pH 7, with substantial kinetic limitation for Cu, Pb, and Ni and none for Cd, Co, and Mn (i.e., Cu-, Pb-, and Ni-FA complexes dissociated more slowly). At pH 5, the kinetic signature was less distinct, due in part to slow association kinetics of Mn, and possibly Cd and Co, with the resin. The good sensitivity of the method to small changes in dissociation kinetics was able to show that the dissociation of most metal-FA complexes is sufficiently fast to not limit the DGT measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline L Levy
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg LA1 4YW, United Kingdom.
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24
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Levy JL, Zhang H, Davison W, Puy J, Galceran J. Assessment of trace metal binding kinetics in the resin phase of diffusive gradients in thin films. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 717:143-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Ding S, Jia F, Xu D, Sun Q, Zhang L, Fan C, Zhang C. High-resolution, two-dimensional measurement of dissolved reactive phosphorus in sediments using the diffusive gradients in thin films technique in combination with a routine procedure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:9680-9686. [PMID: 21988097 DOI: 10.1021/es202785p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) is the most available P form in sediments and often directly controls phytoplankton blooms in aquatic systems. In this study, a novel procedure was developed for two-dimensional (2D) measurement of DRP in sediments at a spatial resolution of 0.45 mm using the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique with a revised high-capacity binding phase (Zr oxide gel). This procedure involves DGT uptake of P in sediments, 2D slicing of the binding gel on a 0.45 × 0.45-mm grid system, elution of P from each gel square with 1 M NaOH, and microcolorimetric determination of DRP in each eluted solution using 384-microwell plates. Measurements of DRP via this procedure were tested in homogeneous solutions and sediments and produced an acceptable error (<20% relative standard deviation) for the analysis once the accumulated mass of P in each gel square reached 1.2 μg cm(-2). This method was successfully applied to produce 2D images of the DRP distribution in sediments with and without the influence of tubificid worm bioturbation, revealing a much more pronounced and localized impact from tubificid worms than that found using a one-dimensional measurement of pore water DRP concentrations at 1-cm resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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26
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Effective concentration difference model to study the effect of various factors on the effective diffusion coefficient in the dialysis membrane. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 698:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Menegário AA, Tonello PS, Durrant SF. Use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized in agarose gel as a binding agent for diffusive gradients in thin films. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 683:107-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Luo J, Zhang H, Santner J, Davison W. Performance Characteristics of Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films Equipped with a Binding Gel Layer Containing Precipitated Ferrihydrite for Measuring Arsenic(V), Selenium(VI), Vanadium(V), and Antimony(V). Anal Chem 2010; 82:8903-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac101676w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Luo
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom, and Rhizosphere Ecology and Biogeochemistry Group, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hao Zhang
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom, and Rhizosphere Ecology and Biogeochemistry Group, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob Santner
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom, and Rhizosphere Ecology and Biogeochemistry Group, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - William Davison
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom, and Rhizosphere Ecology and Biogeochemistry Group, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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29
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Development and application of the diffusive gradients in thin films technique for the measurement of total dissolved inorganic arsenic in waters. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 622:133-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Revised: 06/02/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Warnken KW, Zhang H, Davison W. Chapter 11 In situ monitoring and dynamic speciation measurements in solution using DGT. PASSIVE SAMPLING TECHNIQUES IN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(06)48011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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31
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Lehto NJ, Davison W, Zhang H, Tych W. An evaluation of DGT performance using a dynamic numerical model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2006; 40:6368-76. [PMID: 17120567 DOI: 10.1021/es061215x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A numerical model of the transport and dynamics of metal complexes in the resin and gel layers of a DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films) device was developed and used to investigate how the chelating resin and metal-ligand complexes in solution affect metal uptake. Decreasing the stability constant or concentration of the binding resin increases the competition for free metal ions by ligands in solution, lowering the rate of mass uptake. Such effects would be rarely observed for moderately or strongly binding resins (K> 10(12)), including Chelex, which out-compete labile ligands in solution. With weakly binding resins, strongly bound solution complexes can diffuse into the resin layer before a measurable amount of dissociation occurs, such that concentrations of bound metal at the rear and front surfaces of the resin layer are equal. With more strongly binding resins, metal mainly binds to the front surface of the resin. Only complexes with the largest binding constants penetrate the gel layer containing Chelex, buttheir lack of lability means thatthe DGT sensitivity to the complex is, in any case, very low. The slow diffusion of complexes, such as those of fulvic acids, which increases the time required to establish steady state, compromises the use of the simple DGT equation. Errors are negligible for 24 h deployments, when diffusive layer thicknesses are less than 1 mm, but 3 day deployments are required to ensure accuracy with 2.4 mm thick layers. The extent to which the commonly used equation, that accounts for the concentration and diffusion of metal-complex species, overestimates DGT uptake if the rate of dissociation is slow, was estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas J Lehto
- Environmental Science Department, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
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32
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Garmo OA, Lehto NJ, Zhang H, Davison W, Røyset O, Steinnes E. Dynamic aspects of DGT as demonstrated by experiments with lanthanide complexes of a multidentate ligand. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2006; 40:4754-60. [PMID: 16913134 DOI: 10.1021/es060674v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Sampling of metals with the technique of diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) depends on the rates of diffusion and on the kinetics of interconversion of the species present. In this study the discrimination between metal complexes with different dissociation kinetics is investigated. Samplers with differentthicknesses of diffusive and resin gels were deployed in solutions containing 10 microg/L of each metal in the lanthanide (Ln) series (except Pm) and 2.0 x 10(-6) M of the ligand quin2 at an ionic strength of 0.1 M (KNO3) and pH 7.0. Diffusion coefficients of Ln3+ ions and Ln-quin2 complexes were determined in a diffusion cell experiment. The equilibrium speciation of the metals was calculated from available stability constants. The sampling rate (mass/time) was highly dependent on the dissociation-rate constant of the complexes. For complexes with dissociation kinetics that appreciably limited the uptake, the sampling rate decreased significantly with increasing deployment times (12, 24, and 76 h) and was virtually independent of the thickness of the diffusive gel. Placing a layer of diffusive gel behind the resin did not influence the accumulation of Lns in the resin gel, but doubling the thickness of the layer containing resin increased the uptake, and more so for the Lns forming less labile complexes. The Lns forming more labile complexes were enriched in the outer layer of the resin, and there was a trend toward even distribution between the outer and deeper parts of the resin layer for the Lns forming less labile complexes. The measured DGT sampling rates (mass/ time) were reasonably well predicted by a dynamic model that used independently determined kinetic constants. This new knowledge of how metal complexes behave in the sampling process paves the way for using DGT to obtain in situ kinetic information in natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyvind Aaberg Garmo
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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33
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Warnken KW, Zhang H, Davison W. Trace Metal Measurements in Low Ionic Strength Synthetic Solutions by Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films. Anal Chem 2005; 77:5440-6. [PMID: 16131050 DOI: 10.1021/ac050045o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In view of conflicting reports regarding the performance of DGT in low ionic strength solutions (I < 1 mM), further investigations have been carried out. Minimal washing of the diffusive gel and deployment in 1.0 and 10 mM NaNO3 solutions containing Cu and Cd gave the theoretical response of 1 for [C](DGT)/[C](SOLN), where [C](DGT) is the concentration of metal measured by DGT and [C](SOLN) is the concentration of metal measured directly in the solution by an appropriate analytical method. Erroneously high values for [C](DGT)/[C](SOLN) were obtained when these same gels were deployed at I = 0.1 mM, presumably due to a net negative charge on the gel, attributable to the presence of initiation products of polymerization. However, washing the diffusive gels completely, where the storage solution pH equaled that of deionized water, gave values of approximately 0.5 for [C](DGT)/[C](SOLN) from deployments at I = 0.1 mM, consistent with the lower measured value of the diffusion coefficients at this ionic strength. These results can be explained by the presence of a net positive charge on the gel when it is exhaustively washed, which reduces the effective diffusion coefficient of metal ions by changing their concentration at the gel-solution interface (Donnan partitioning). Diffusive gel equilibration experiments showed the presence of low capacity sites capable of binding metals irrespective of ionic strength. This binding within the diffusive gel does not affect most DGT measurements, as short (4 h) deployments at concentrations of 10 ppb gave theoretical results. Incomplete washing of the resin-gel caused a 5-15% measurement error and a decrease in precision, even at ionic strengths of 10 mM. A high level of accuracy and precision (typically <5%) was maintained during all aspects of this work, even at ionic strengths of 0.1 mM, in contrast to previous results. This is attributable to three factors: (1) exhaustive washing and conditioning protocols, (2) improvements to the DGT sampling device, and (3) low and reproducible blanks due to ultraclean handling procedures. Provided effective diffusion coefficients measured at the same ionic strength are used, the established DGT theory is obeyed irrespective of ionic strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent W Warnken
- Institute of Environmental and Natural Science, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1-4YQ, United Kingdom.
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Larner BL, Seen AJ. Evaluation of paper-based diffusive gradients in thin film samplers for trace metal sampling. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Warnken KW, Zhang H, Davison W. Analysis of Polyacrylamide Gels for Trace Metals Using Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2004; 76:6077-84. [PMID: 15481956 DOI: 10.1021/ac0400358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A simple method for the analysis of polyacrylamide diffusive gradients in thin film (DGT) gels by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS), employing a novel use of (115)In internal standardization, has been developed. This method allows the determination of Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb concentrations (at the DGT filter face) or fluxes in sediments at a spatial resolution of 100 microm. Single-layered gels, using an optimized laser defocus of 4000 microm at 400 mJ power, showed high precision (generally approximately 10%) and a linear response during solution deployment. Of the elements Sc, In, Ba, La, Ce, and Tb, Ba most closely tracked variations in laser energy and showed the highest analytical precision but could not be used as an internal standard due to its elevated presence in natural sediments. Therefore, internal standardization, necessary to normalize data collected on different days, was carried out using (115)In contained within a second layer of backing gel and dried along with the analyte layer as a dual-gel disk. This multilayered gel standard required a laser defocus setting of 1000 microm and a laser power of approximately 800 mJ. Analytical precision for a 64-spot ablation grid at 100-microm spacing was approximately 10%. Verification of this method was carried out on DGT sediment probes deployed in Priest Pot (English Lake District). Results obtained by conventional slicing techniques and aqueous elution agreed with laser ablation results when the different sampling areas were considered. The elution results varied by a factor of <2, whereas the laser ablation technique showed a variability of approximately 4, indicating localized elevated concentrations of Co. This higher resolution LA-ICPMS method could ultimately lead to an improved understanding of the geochemical processes responsible for metal uptake and release in sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent W Warnken
- Institute of Environmental and Natural Science, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1-4YQ, United Kingdom
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