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Khan S, Rathod P, Gupta VK, Khedekar PB, Chikhale RV. Evolution and Impact of Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT) for Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8124-8146. [PMID: 38687959 PMCID: PMC11112543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumbul
Fatma Khan
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant
Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, MS India
| | - Priyanka Rathod
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant
Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, MS India
| | - Vivek K. Gupta
- Department
of Biochemistry, National JALMA Institute
for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra -282004, India
| | - Pramod B. Khedekar
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant
Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, MS India
| | - Rupesh V. Chikhale
- UCL
School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
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2
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Prado NO, Marin AM, Lalli LA, Sanchuki HBS, Wosniaki DK, Nardin JM, Morales HMP, Blanes L, Zanette DL, Aoki MN. Development and evaluation of a lyophilization protocol for colorimetric RT-LAMP diagnostic assay for COVID-19. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10612. [PMID: 38719936 PMCID: PMC11078981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular diagnostics involving nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are regarded as extremely functional tools. During the 2020 global health crisis, efforts intensified to optimize the production and delivery of molecular diagnostic kits for detecting SARS-CoV-2. During this period, RT-LAMP emerged as a significant focus. However, the thermolability of the reagents used in this technique necessitates special low-temperature infrastructure for transport, storage, and conservation. These requirements limit distribution capacity and necessitate cost-increasing adaptations. Consequently, this report details the development of a lyophilization protocol for reagents in a colorimetric RT-LAMP diagnostic kit to detect SARS-CoV-2, facilitating room-temperature transport and storage. We conducted tests to identify the ideal excipients that maintain the molecular integrity of the reagents and ensure their stability during room-temperature storage and transport. The optimal condition identified involved adding 5% PEG 8000 and 75 mM trehalose to the RT-LAMP reaction, which enabled stability at room temperature for up to 28 days and yielded an analytical and diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 83.33% and 90%, respectively, for detecting SARS-CoV-2. This study presents the results of a lyophilized colorimetric RT-LAMP COVID-19 detection assay with diagnostic sensitivity and specificity comparable to RT-qPCR, particularly in samples with high viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayra Oliveira Prado
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775 Street, Curitiba, 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Anelis Maria Marin
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775 Street, Curitiba, 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Larissa Araujo Lalli
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775 Street, Curitiba, 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Bruna Soligo Sanchuki
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775 Street, Curitiba, 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Denise Kusma Wosniaki
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775 Street, Curitiba, 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Jeanine Marie Nardin
- Erasto Gaertner Hospital, Dr. Ovande Do Amaral 201 Street, Curitiba, Paraná, 81520-060, Brazil
| | - Hugo Manoel Paz Morales
- Erasto Gaertner Hospital, Dr. Ovande Do Amaral 201 Street, Curitiba, Paraná, 81520-060, Brazil
| | - Lucas Blanes
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775 Street, Curitiba, 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Dalila Luciola Zanette
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775 Street, Curitiba, 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Mateus Nóbrega Aoki
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775 Street, Curitiba, 81350-010, Brazil.
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3
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Wang H, Li Y, Tian L, Li X, Gao Q, Liu Y, Ma C, Wang Q, Shi C. A LAMP-based hydrogen ion selective electrochemical sensor for highly sensitive detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024. [PMID: 38690766 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00341a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
A concise and rapid detection method for Mycoplasma pneumoniae is urgently required due to its severe impact on human health. To meet such a need, this study proposed and constructed an innovative point-of-care testing (POCT) platform that consists of a hydrogen ion-selective loop-mediated isothermal amplification (H+-LAMP) sensor and an electrochemical detection device. The H+-LAMP sensor successfully integrated the working and reference electrodes and converted the H+ generated during the LAMP process into an electrochemical signal. High sensitivity and stability for pathogen detection were also achieved by treating the working electrode with an electrodeposited polyaniline solid contact layer and by using an ion-selective membrane. As a result, the sensor shows a sensitivity of 68.26 mV per pH, a response time of less than 2 s, and a potential drift of less than 5 mV within one hour, which well meets the urgent need. The results also demonstrated that the detection limit for Mycoplasma pneumoniae was lowered to 1 copy per μL, the nucleic acid extraction and detection process could be completed in 30 minutes, and the impact of interfering ions on the sensor was negligible. Validation with 20 clinical samples yielded satisfactory results. More importantly, the storage lifespan of such an electrochemical sensor is over seven days, which is a great advantage for on-site pathogen detection. Therefore, the hydrogen ion-selective sensor constructed in this investigation is particularly suitable as a core component for instant pathogen detection platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Wang
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| | - Yang Li
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| | - Lin Tian
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| | - Xinyi Li
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| | - Qian Gao
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| | - Yaru Liu
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| | - Cuiping Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Detection Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Rapid Detection, Sino-UAE International Cooperative Joint Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism Rapid Detection, College of Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 266042, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| | - Chao Shi
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
- Qingdao JianMa Gene Technology Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266114, PR China
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4
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Zhang X, Li Y, Wang Q, Jiang C, Shan Y, Liu Y, Ma C, Guo Q, Shi C. Three-way junction structure-mediated reverse transcription-free exponential amplification reaction for pathogen RNA detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3161-3171. [PMID: 38558309 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Since RNA is an important biomarker of many infectious pathogens, RNA detection of pathogenic organisms is crucial for disease diagnosis and environmental and food safety. By simulating the base mismatch during DNA replication, this study presents a novel three-way junction structure-mediated reverse transcription-free exponential amplification reaction (3WJ-RTF-EXPAR) for the rapid and sensitive detection of pathogen RNA. The target RNA served as a switch to initiate the reaction by forming a three-way junction (3WJ) structure with the ex-trigger strand and the ex-primer strand. The generated trigger strand could be significantly amplified through EXPAR to open the stem-loop structure of the molecular beacon to emit fluorescence signal. The proofreading activity of Vent DNA polymerase, in combination with the unique structure of 2+1 bases at the 3'-end of the ex-primer strand, could enhance the role of target RNA as a reaction switch to reduce non-specific amplification and ensure excellent specificity to differentiate target pathogen from those causing similar symptoms. Furthermore, detection of target RNA showed a detection limit of 1.0×104 copies/mL, while the time consumption was only 20 min, outperforming qRT-LAMP and qRT-PCR, the most commonly used RNA detection methods in clinical practice. All those indicates the great application prospects of this method in clinical diagnostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinguang Zhang
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Shan
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Liu
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiping Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Rapid Detection, Sino-UAE International Cooperative Joint Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism Rapid Detection, College of Biological Engineering, Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Detection Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, QingdaoQingdao, 266042, China
| | - Qunqun Guo
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chao Shi
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
- Qingdao JianMa Gene Technology Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266114, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Sadique MA, Yadav S, Khan R, Srivastava AK. Engineered two-dimensional nanomaterials based diagnostics integrated with internet of medical things (IoMT) for COVID-19. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3774-3828. [PMID: 38433614 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00719g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
More than four years have passed since an inimitable coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic hit the globe in 2019 after an uncontrolled transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The occurrence of this highly contagious respiratory infectious disease led to chaos and mortality all over the world. The peak paradigm shift of the researchers was inclined towards the accurate and rapid detection of diseases. Since 2019, there has been a boost in the diagnostics of COVID-19 via numerous conventional diagnostic tools like RT-PCR, ELISA, etc., and advanced biosensing kits like LFIA, etc. For the same reason, the use of nanotechnology and two-dimensional nanomaterials (2DNMs) has aided in the fabrication of efficient diagnostic tools to combat COVID-19. This article discusses the engineering techniques utilized for fabricating chemically active E2DNMs that are exceptionally thin and irregular. The techniques encompass the introduction of heteroatoms, intercalation of ions, and the design of strain and defects. E2DNMs possess unique characteristics, including a substantial surface area and controllable electrical, optical, and bioactive properties. These characteristics enable the development of sophisticated diagnostic platforms for real-time biosensors with exceptional sensitivity in detecting SARS-CoV-2. Integrating the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) with these E2DNMs-based advanced diagnostics has led to the development of portable, real-time, scalable, more accurate, and cost-effective SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic platforms. These diagnostic platforms have the potential to revolutionize SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis by making it faster, easier, and more accessible to people worldwide, thus making them ideal for resource-limited settings. These advanced IoMT diagnostic platforms may help with combating SARS-CoV-2 as well as tracking and predicting the spread of future pandemics, ultimately saving lives and mitigating their impact on global health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Abubakar Sadique
- CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shalu Yadav
- CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Raju Khan
- CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Avanish K Srivastava
- CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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6
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Sritong N, Ngo WW, Ejendal KFK, Linnes JC. Development of an integrated sample amplification control for salivary point-of-care pathogen testing. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1287:342072. [PMID: 38182338 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a rise in point-of-care (POC) and home-based tests, but concerns over usability, accuracy, and effectiveness have arisen. The incorporation of internal amplification controls (IACs), essential control for translational POC diagnostics, could mitigate false-negative and false-positive results due to sample matrix interference or inhibition. Although emerging POC nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for detecting SARS-CoV-2 show impressive analytical sensitivity in the lab, the assessment of clinical accuracy with IACs is often overlooked. In some cases, the IACs were run spatially, complicating assay workflow. Therefore, the multiplex assay for pathogen and IAC is needed. RESULTS We developed a one-pot duplex reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for saliva samples, a non-invasive and simple collected specimen for POC NAATs. The ORF1ab gene of SARS-CoV-2 was used as a target and a human 18S ribosomal RNA in human saliva was employed as an IAC to ensure clinical reliability of the RT-LAMP assay. The optimized assay could detect SARS-CoV-2 viral particles down to 100 copies/μL of saliva within 30 min without RNA extraction. The duplex RT-LAMP for SARS-CoV-2 and IAC is successfully amplified in the same reaction without cross-reactivity. The valid results were easily visualized in triple-line lateral flow immunoassay, in which two lines (flow control and IAC lines) represent valid negative results and three lines (flow control, IAC, and test line) represent valid positive results. This duplex assay demonstrated a clinical sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 100%, and accuracy of 96% in 30 clinical saliva samples. SIGNIFICANCE IACs play a crucial role in ensuring user confidence with respect to the accuracy and reliability of at-home and POC molecular diagnostics. We demonstrated the multiplex capability of SARS-COV-2 and human18S ribosomal RNA RT-LAMP without complicating assay design. This generic platform can be extended in a similar manner to include human18S ribosomal RNA IACs into different clinical sample matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navaporn Sritong
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Winston Wei Ngo
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Karin F K Ejendal
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jacqueline C Linnes
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Public Health, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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7
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Das D, Lin CW, Chuang HS. On-chip screening of SARS-CoV-2 cDNA by LAMP-integrated rotational diffusometry. Talanta 2024; 267:125253. [PMID: 37776805 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The unprecedented pandemic has raised the demand for prompt, precise, and large-scale virus detection techniques to control the transmission of contagious illnesses. In this study, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) based on-chip platform was developed to address this challenge using rotational diffusometry and functionalized Janus particles. A recombinant plasmid containing a cDNA sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 2 (nsp2) gene was employed here as a proof-of-concept for COVID-19 detection. Specifically, designed primers and the functionalized Janus particles were simultaneously loaded on a microfluidic chip to perform the LAMP reaction on a hot plate. The optimal Janus particle concentrations for diffusometric analysis were thoroughly validated, and the performance of the on-chip LAMP reaction was assessed using thermal image analysis. Utilization of the highly sensitive rotational diffusometry achieved a limit of detection of 1 pg/μL in just 10 min with a sample volume of 20 μL. Our method delivered a tenfold higher sensitivity than the conventional method by utilizing only half of its usual required time. Overall, this study proposes a potential nucleic acid (NA) amplification device to aid the rapid diagnosis of various diseases by modifying the primers for different target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhrubajyoti Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
| | - Han-Sheng Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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8
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Liu Y, Li Y, Hang Y, Wang L, Wang J, Bao N, Kim Y, Jang HW. Rapid assays of SARS-CoV-2 virus and noble biosensors by nanomaterials. NANO CONVERGENCE 2024; 11:2. [PMID: 38190075 PMCID: PMC10774473 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00408-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019 has spread rapidly across the world to form a global epidemic of respiratory infectious diseases. Increased investigations on diagnostic tools are currently implemented to assist rapid identification of the virus because mass and rapid diagnosis might be the best way to prevent the outbreak of the virus. This critical review discusses the detection principles, fabrication techniques, and applications on the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 with three categories: rapid nuclear acid augmentation test, rapid immunoassay test and biosensors. Special efforts were put on enhancement of nanomaterials on biosensors for rapid, sensitive, and low-cost diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Future developments are suggested regarding potential candidates in hospitals, clinics and laboratories for control and prevention of large-scale epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- NantongEgens Biotechnology Co., LTD, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilong Li
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuteng Hang
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- NantongEgens Biotechnology Co., LTD, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghan Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ning Bao
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Youngeun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Liu X, Zhou X, Li X, Wei Y, Wang T, Liu S, Yang H, Sun X. Saliva Analysis Based on Microfluidics: Focusing the Wide Spectrum of Target Analyte. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-23. [PMID: 38039145 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2287656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Saliva is one of the most critical human body fluids that can reflect the state of the human body. The detection of saliva is of great significance for disease diagnosis and health monitoring. Microfluidics, characterized by microscale size and high integration, is an ideal platform for the development of rapid and low-cost disease diagnostic techniques and devices. Microfluidic-based saliva testing methods have aroused considerable interest due to the increasing need for noninvasive testing and frequent or long-term testing. This review briefly described the significance of saliva analysis and generally classified the targets in saliva detection into pathogenic microorganisms, inorganic substances, and organic substances. By using this classification as a benchmark, the state-of-the-art research results on microfluidic detection of various substances in saliva were summarized. This work also put forward the challenges and future development directions of microfluidic detection methods for saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyue Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaojia Li
- Teaching Center for Basic Medical Experiment, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yixuan Wei
- Teaching Center for Basic Medical Experiment, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianlin Wang
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huazhe Yang
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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10
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Rodriguez NM, Balian L, Tolliver C, Kataki I, Jesus JRD, Linnes JC. Human-centered design of a smartphone-based self-test for HIV viral load monitoring. J Clin Transl Sci 2023; 7:e262. [PMID: 38229894 PMCID: PMC10790236 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2023.686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective HIV viral load self-testing could enable people living with HIV (PLHIV) to monitor their viral suppression status more easily, potentially facilitating medication adherence and safe behavior decision-making. Smartphone-based viral load testing innovations have the potential to reach resource-limited and vulnerable communities to address inequities in access to HIV care. However, successful development and translation of these tests requires meaningful investigation of end-user contexts and incorporation of those context-specific needs early in the design process. The objective of this study is to engage PLHIV and HIV healthcare providers in human-centered design research to inform key design and implementation considerations for a smartphone-based HIV viral load self-testing device prototype in development. Methods Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with PLHIV (n = 10) and HIV providers (n = 4) in Indiana, a state with suboptimal viral suppression rates and marked disparities in access to HIV care. Interview guides were developed based on contextual investigation and human-centered design frameworks and included a demonstration of the device prototype with feedback-gathering questions. Results Thematic analysis of interview transcripts revealed important benefits, concerns, and user requirements for smartphone-based HIV VL self-testing within the context of PLHIV lived experience, knowledge, and barriers to care in Indiana. Conclusion End-user needs and preferences were identified as key design specifications and implementation considerations to facilitate the acceptability and inform ongoing development and ultimately real-world translation of the HIV VL monitoring device prototype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia M. Rodriguez
- Department of Public Health, College of Health and
Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette,
IN, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, College of
Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette,
IN, USA
| | - Lara Balian
- Department of Public Health, College of Health and
Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette,
IN, USA
| | - Cealia Tolliver
- Department of Public Health, College of Health and
Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette,
IN, USA
| | - Ishita Kataki
- Department of Public Health, College of Health and
Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette,
IN, USA
| | - Julio Rivera-De Jesus
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, College of
Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette,
IN, USA
| | - Jacqueline C. Linnes
- Department of Public Health, College of Health and
Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette,
IN, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, College of
Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette,
IN, USA
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11
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Sritong N, Ngo WW, Ejendal KFK, Linnes JC. Development of an Integrated Sample Amplification Control for Salivary Point-of-Care Pathogen Testing. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.10.03.23296477. [PMID: 37873363 PMCID: PMC10593008 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.03.23296477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a rise in point-of-care (POC) and home-based tests, but concerns over usability, accuracy, and effectiveness have arisen. The incorporation of internal amplification controls (IACs), essential control for translational POC diagnostics, could mitigate false-negative and false-positive results due to sample matrix interference or inhibition. Although emerging POC nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for detecting SARS-CoV-2 show impressive analytical sensitivity in the lab, the assessment of clinical accuracy with IACs is often overlooked. In some cases, the IACs were run spatially, complicating assay workflow. Therefore, the multiplex assay for pathogen and IAC is needed. Results We developed a one-pot duplex reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for saliva samples, a non-invasive and simple collected specimen for POC NAATs. The ORF1ab gene of SARS-CoV-2 was used as a target and a human 18S ribosomal RNA in human saliva was employed as an IAC to ensure clinical reliability of the RT-LAMP assay. The optimized assay could detect SARS-CoV-2 viral particles down to 100 copies/μL of saliva within 30 minutes without RNA extraction. The duplex RT-LAMP for SARS-CoV-2 and IAC is successfully amplified in the same reaction without cross-reactivity. The valid results were easily visualized in triple-line lateral flow immunoassay, in which two lines (flow control and IAC lines) represent valid negative results and three lines (flow control, IAC, and test line) represent valid positive results. This duplex assay demonstrated a clinical sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 100%, and accuracy of 96% in 30 clinical saliva samples. Significance IACs play a crucial role in ensuring user confidence with respect to the accuracy and reliability of at-home and POC molecular diagnostics. We demonstrated the multiplex capability of SARS-COV-2 and human18S ribosomal RNA RT-LAMP without complicating assay design. This generic platform can be extended in a similar manner to include human18S ribosomal RNA IACs into different clinical sample matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navaporn Sritong
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Winston Wei Ngo
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Karin F. K. Ejendal
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jacqueline C. Linnes
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Public Health, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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12
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Shrestha K, Kim S, Han J, Florez GM, Truong H, Hoang T, Parajuli S, AM T, Kim B, Jung Y, Abafogi AT, Lee Y, Song SH, Lee J, Park S, Kang M, Huh HJ, Cho G, Lee LP. Mobile Efficient Diagnostics of Infectious Diseases via On-Chip RT-qPCR: MEDIC-PCR. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302072. [PMID: 37587764 PMCID: PMC10558658 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak has caused public and global health crises. However, the lack of on-site fast, reliable, sensitive, and low-cost reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing limits early detection, timely isolation, and epidemic prevention and control. Here, the authors report a rapid mobile efficient diagnostics of infectious diseases via on-chip -RT-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR): MEDIC-PCR. First, the authors use a roll-to-roll printing process to accomplish low-cost carbon-black-based disposable PCR chips that enable rapid LED-induced photothermal PCR cycles. The MEDIC-PCR can perform RT (3 min), and PCR (9 min) steps. Further, the cohort of 89 COVID-19 and 103 non-COVID-19 patients testing is completed by the MEDIC-PCR to show excellent diagnostic accuracy of 97%, sensitivity of 94%, and specificity of 98%. This MEDIC-PCR can contribute to the preventive global health in the face of a future pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Shrestha
- Department of BiophysicsInstitute of Quantum BiologySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare ConvergenceSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
| | - Seongryeong Kim
- Department of BiophysicsInstitute of Quantum BiologySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare ConvergenceSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
| | - Jiyeon Han
- Department of BiophysicsInstitute of Quantum BiologySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare ConvergenceSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
| | - Gabriela Morales Florez
- Department of Biological ScienceCollege of ScienceSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
| | - Han Truong
- Department of BiophysicsInstitute of Quantum BiologySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare ConvergenceSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
| | - Trung Hoang
- Department of BiophysicsInstitute of Quantum BiologySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
| | - Sajjan Parajuli
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare ConvergenceSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
| | - Tiara AM
- Department of BiophysicsInstitute of Quantum BiologySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
- Research Engineering Center for R2R Printed Flexible ComputerSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
| | - Beomsoo Kim
- School of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
| | - Younsu Jung
- Department of BiophysicsInstitute of Quantum BiologySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
- Research Engineering Center for R2R Printed Flexible ComputerSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
| | | | - Yugyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Song
- Department of Electronics EngineeringSookmyung Women's UniversitySeoul04310South Korea
| | - Jinkee Lee
- Department of BiophysicsInstitute of Quantum BiologySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
- School of Mechanical EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
| | - Sungsu Park
- Department of BiophysicsInstitute of Quantum BiologySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
- School of Mechanical EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
| | - Minhee Kang
- Biomedical Engineering Research CenterSmart Healthcare Research InstituteSamsung Medical CenterSeoul06352South Korea
- Department of Medical Device Management and ResearchSAIHST (Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology)Sungkyunkwan UniversitySeoul06355South Korea
| | - Hee Jae Huh
- School of MedicineDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and GeneticsSamsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan UniversitySeoul06351South Korea
| | - Gyoujin Cho
- Department of BiophysicsInstitute of Quantum BiologySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
- Research Engineering Center for R2R Printed Flexible ComputerSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
| | - Luke P. Lee
- Department of BiophysicsInstitute of Quantum BiologySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
- Harvard Medical SchoolDepartment of MedicineBrigham Women's HospitalBostonMA02115USA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
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13
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Liu CW, Tsutsui H. Sample-to-answer sensing technologies for nucleic acid preparation and detection in the field. SLAS Technol 2023; 28:302-323. [PMID: 37302751 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Efficient sample preparation and accurate disease diagnosis under field conditions are of great importance for the early intervention of diseases in humans, animals, and plants. However, in-field preparation of high-quality nucleic acids from various specimens for downstream analyses, such as amplification and sequencing, is challenging. Thus, developing and adapting sample lysis and nucleic acid extraction protocols suitable for portable formats have drawn significant attention. Similarly, various nucleic acid amplification techniques and detection methods have also been explored. Combining these functions in an integrated platform has resulted in emergent sample-to-answer sensing systems that allow effective disease detection and analyses outside a laboratory. Such devices have a vast potential to improve healthcare in resource-limited settings, low-cost and distributed surveillance of diseases in food and agriculture industries, environmental monitoring, and defense against biological warfare and terrorism. This paper reviews recent advances in portable sample preparation technologies and facile detection methods that have been / or could be adopted into novel sample-to-answer devices. In addition, recent developments and challenges of commercial kits and devices targeting on-site diagnosis of various plant diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Hideaki Tsutsui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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14
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Bucher SL, Young A, Dolan M, Padmanaban GP, Chandnani K, Purkayastha S. The NeoRoo mobile app: Initial design and prototyping of an Android-based digital health tool to support Kangaroo Mother Care in low/middle-income countries (LMICs). PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH 2023; 2:e0000216. [PMID: 37878575 PMCID: PMC10599536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Premature birth and neonatal mortality are significant global health challenges, with 15 million premature births annually and an estimated 2.5 million neonatal deaths. Approximately 90% of preterm births occur in low/middle income countries, particularly within the global regions of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Neonatal hypothermia is a common and significant cause of morbidity and mortality among premature and low birth weight infants, particularly in low/middle-income countries where rates of premature delivery are high, and access to health workers, medical commodities, and other resources is limited. Kangaroo Mother Care/Skin-to-Skin care has been shown to significantly reduce the incidence of neonatal hypothermia and improve survival rates among premature infants, but there are significant barriers to its implementation, especially in low/middle-income countries (LMICs). The paper proposes the use of a multidisciplinary approach to develop an integrated mHealth solution to overcome the barriers and challenges to the implementation of Kangaroo Mother Care/Skin-to-skin care (KMC/STS) in LMICs. The innovation is an integrated mHealth platform that features a wearable biomedical device (NeoWarm) and an Android-based mobile application (NeoRoo) with customized user interfaces that are targeted specifically to parents/family stakeholders and healthcare providers, respectively. This publication describes the iterative, human-centered design and participatory development of a high-fidelity prototype of the NeoRoo mobile application. The aim of this study was to design and develop an initial ("A") version of the Android-based NeoRoo mobile app specifically to support the use case of KMC/STS in health facilities in Kenya. Key functions and features are highlighted. The proposed solution leverages the promise of digital health to overcome identified barriers and challenges to the implementation of KMC/STS in LMICs and aims to equip parents and healthcare providers of prematurely born infants with the tools and resources needed to improve the care provided to premature and low birthweight babies. It is hoped that, when implemented and scaled as part of a thoughtful, strategic, cross-disciplinary approach to reduction of global rates of neonatal mortality, NeoRoo will prove to be a useful tool within the toolkit of parents, health workers, and program implementors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherri Lynn Bucher
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Community and Global Health, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University–Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Allison Young
- Scholarly Concentration in Public Health Certificate Program, Indiana University School of Medicine and Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University–Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Madison Dolan
- Scholarly Concentration in Public Health Certificate Program, Indiana University School of Medicine and Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University–Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Geetha Priya Padmanaban
- Department of Human Centered Computing, Human-Computer Interaction, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University–Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Khushboo Chandnani
- Department of Human Centered Computing, Human-Computer Interaction, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University–Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Saptarshi Purkayastha
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Data Science and Health Informatics, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University–Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
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15
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Yadav SK, Verma D, Yadav U, Kalkal A, Priyadarshini N, Kumar A, Mahato K. Point-of-Care Devices for Viral Detection: COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1744. [PMID: 37763907 PMCID: PMC10535693 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic of COVID-19 and its widespread transmission have made us realize the importance of early, quick diagnostic tests for facilitating effective cure and management. The primary obstacles encountered were accurately distinguishing COVID-19 from other illnesses including the flu, common cold, etc. While the polymerase chain reaction technique is a robust technique for the determination of SARS-CoV-2 in patients of COVID-19, there arises a high demand for affordable, quick, user-friendly, and precise point-of-care (POC) diagnostic in therapeutic settings. The necessity for available tests with rapid outcomes spurred the advancement of POC tests that are characterized by speed, automation, and high precision and accuracy. Paper-based POC devices have gained increasing interest in recent years because of rapid, low-cost detection without requiring external instruments. At present, microfluidic paper-based analysis devices have garnered public attention and accelerated the development of such POCT for efficient multistep assays. In the current review, our focus will be on the fabrication of detection modules for SARS-CoV-2. Here, we have included a discussion on various strategies for the detection of viral moieties. The compilation of these strategies would offer comprehensive insight into the detection of the causative agent preparedness for future pandemics. We also provide a descriptive outline for paper-based diagnostic platforms, involving the determination mechanisms, as well as a commercial kit for COVID-19 as well as their outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit K. Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribagh 825301, Jharkhand, India
| | - Damini Verma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ujala Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi 835205, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ashish Kalkal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nivedita Priyadarshini
- Department of Zoology, DAV PG College Siwan, Jai Prakash University, Chhapra 841226, Bihar, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46637, USA
| | - Kuldeep Mahato
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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16
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Zayed BA, Ali AN, Elgebaly AA, Talaia NM, Hamed M, Mansour FR. Smartphone-based point-of-care testing of the SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2023; 21:e01757. [PMID: 37351482 PMCID: PMC10256629 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2023.e01757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus's worldwide pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for reliable, quick, and affordable diagnostic tests for comprehending and controlling the epidemic by tracking the world population. Given how crucial it is to monitor and manage the pandemic, researchers have recently concentrated on creating quick detection techniques. Although PCR is still the preferred clinical diagnostic test, there is a pressing need for substitutes that are sufficiently rapid and cost-effective to provide a diagnosis at the time of use. The creation of a quick and simple POC equipment is necessary for home testing. Our review's goal is to provide an overview of the many methods utilized to identify SARS-CoV 2 in various samples utilizing portable devices, as well as any potential applications for smartphones in epidemiological research and detection. The point of care (POC) employs a range of microfluidic biosensors based on smartphones, including molecular sensors, immunological biosensors, hybrid biosensors, and imaging biosensors. For example, a number of tools have been created for the diagnosis of COVID-19, based on various theories. Integrated portable devices can be created using loop-mediated isothermal amplification, which combines isothermal amplification methods with colorimetric detection. Electrochemical approaches have been regarded as a potential substitute for optical sensing techniques that utilize fluorescence for detection and as being more beneficial to the Minimizing and simplicity of the tools used for detection, together with techniques that can amplify DNA or RNA under constant temperature conditions, without the need for repeated heating and cooling cycles. Many research have used smartphones for virus detection and data visualization, making these techniques more user-friendly and broadly distributed throughout nations. Overall, our research provides a review of different novel, non-invasive, affordable, and efficient methods for identifying COVID-19 contagious infected people and halting the disease's transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berlanty A Zayed
- Tanta Student Research Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Ahmed N Ali
- Tanta Student Research Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Alaa A Elgebaly
- Tanta Student Research Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Nourhan M Talaia
- Tanta Student Research Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Hamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elgeish Street, The Medical Campus of Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Fotouh R Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elgeish Street, The Medical Campus of Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
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17
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Yang K, Pan J, Deng G, Hua C, Zhu C, Liu Y, Zhu L. Mkit: A mobile nucleic acid assay based on a chitosan-modified minimalistic microfluidic chip (CM 3-chip) and smartphone. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1253:341030. [PMID: 36965987 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Mobile sensing enabled by MS2 technology, which integrates microfluidic and smartphone components, has seen many applications in recent years. In this direction, we developed an MS2 platform (an integrated kit) for nucleic acid assay, which included a chitosan-modified minimalistic microfluidic chip (CM3-chip), a smartphone-based fluorescence detector (SF-detector), an APP for imaging and analysis, reagents, and accessories. Once the lysed sample was loaded into the CM3-chip modified by 1% concentration and 200-260 kDa molecular weight of chitosan, the following assay can be completed in approximately 1 h. The Mkit can detect 3 × 10° copies μL-1 of plasmid DNA and its polymerase chain reaction (PCR) efficiency was 96.8%. The CM3-chip equipped for the Mkit can enrich nucleic acid from the pH = 5 of lysis buffer, instead of using conventional adsorption mediums such as the magnetic beads and silica gel membranes, which could result in unexpected impurity residuals and tedious cleaning operations. In addition, the performance of the Mkit equipped with the pristine chip was demonstrated to perform poorer than that coupled with the CM3-chip in which the enriched nucleic acid can be all used for "in-situ PCR". The universality, selectivity, and user-friendliness of the Mkit were also validated. We finally demonstrated the feasibility of the Mkit for testing artificially prepared infected samples. H5N6 and IAV-infected saliva samples provided the limits of detection of 5 × 102 copies mL-1 and 3.24 × 102 copies mL-1 per chamber, respectively. The streamlined assay and compact device should enable the great potential of the Mkit in research and potential diagnostic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Jingyu Pan
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China; Hefei Zhongke Yikangda Biomedical Co., LTD, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guoqing Deng
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Changyi Hua
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cancan Zhu
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Ehtesabi H, Afzalpour E. Smartphone-based corona virus detection using saliva: A mini-review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14380. [PMID: 36919087 PMCID: PMC9991337 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
During the ongoing worldwide epidemic, SARS-CoV-2 has infected millions of individuals and taken the lives of numerous victims. It is clear that early detection of infected individuals, especially asymptomatic carriers, is possible with the development of innovative analytical tools for rapid identification of COVID-19 present in nasopharyngeal swabs, serum, and saliva. The saliva, as a diagnostic sample, can be easily collected by the patient with almost no discomfort and needs specialized healthcare personnel to manage, which reduces the risks for the operator. Moreover, smartphone-based sensing systems are one of the most attractive techniques that can speed up the detection time of COVID-19 agents without the need for professional staff and clinical centers. In this review, recent advances in precise salivary-based SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis using smartphones via viral RNA detection, antibody identification, and viral antigen identification were summarized. Finally, the conclusion and future perspective of this field are described in brief.
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19
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Shi J, Zhang Y, Yang M. Recent development of microfluidics-based platforms for respiratory virus detection. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:024104. [PMID: 37035101 PMCID: PMC10076069 DOI: 10.1063/5.0135778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
With the global outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, the inadequacies of current detection technology for respiratory viruses have been recognized. Rapid, portable, accurate, and sensitive assays are needed to expedite diagnosis and early intervention. Conventional methods for detection of respiratory viruses include cell culture-based assays, serological tests, nucleic acid detection (e.g., RT-PCR), and direct immunoassays. However, these traditional methods are often time-consuming, labor-intensive, and require laboratory facilities, which cannot meet the testing needs, especially during pandemics of respiratory diseases, such as COVID-19. Microfluidics-based techniques can overcome these demerits and provide simple, rapid, accurate, and cost-effective analysis of intact virus, viral antigen/antibody, and viral nucleic acids. This review aims to summarize the recent development of microfluidics-based techniques for detection of respiratory viruses. Recent advances in different types of microfluidic devices for respiratory virus diagnostics are highlighted, including paper-based microfluidics, continuous-flow microfluidics, and droplet-based microfluidics. Finally, the future development of microfluidic technologies for respiratory virus diagnostics is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Mo Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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20
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Yang DM, Chang TJ, Hung KF, Wang ML, Cheng YF, Chiang SH, Chen MF, Liao YT, Lai WQ, Liang KH. Smart healthcare: A prospective future medical approach for COVID-19. J Chin Med Assoc 2023; 86:138-146. [PMID: 36227021 PMCID: PMC9847685 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has greatly affected human life for over 3 years. In this review, we focus on smart healthcare solutions that address major requirements for coping with the COVID-19 pandemic, including (1) the continuous monitoring of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, (2) patient stratification with distinct short-term outcomes (eg, mild or severe diseases) and long-term outcomes (eg, long COVID), and (3) adherence to medication and treatments for patients with COVID-19. Smart healthcare often utilizes medical artificial intelligence (AI) and cloud computing and integrates cutting-edge biological and optoelectronic techniques. These are valuable technologies for addressing the unmet needs in the management of COVID. By leveraging deep learning/machine learning capabilities and big data, medical AI can perform precise prognosis predictions and provide reliable suggestions for physicians' decision-making. Through the assistance of the Internet of Medical Things, which encompasses wearable devices, smartphone apps, internet-based drug delivery systems, and telemedicine technologies, the status of mild cases can be continuously monitored and medications provided at home without the need for hospital care. In cases that develop into severe cases, emergency feedback can be provided through the hospital for rapid treatment. Smart healthcare can possibly prevent the development of severe COVID-19 cases and therefore lower the burden on intensive care units.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Ming Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Microscopy Service Laboratory, Basic Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Biophotonics, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Address correspondence. Dr. De-Ming Yang, Microscopy Service Laboratory, Basic Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Section 2, Shi-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC. E-mail address: (D.-M. Yang). and Dr. Kung-Hao Liang, Laboratory of Systems Biomedical Science, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Section 2, Shi-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC. E-mail: (K.-H. Liang)
| | - Tai-Jay Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Laboratory of Genome Research, Basic Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Biomedical science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kai-Feng Hung
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Fu Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Su-Hua Chiang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mei-Fang Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ting Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Laboratory of Systems Biomedical Science, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Qun Lai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Microscopy Service Laboratory, Basic Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Biophotonics, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kung-Hao Liang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Laboratory of Systems Biomedical Science, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Address correspondence. Dr. De-Ming Yang, Microscopy Service Laboratory, Basic Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Section 2, Shi-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC. E-mail address: (D.-M. Yang). and Dr. Kung-Hao Liang, Laboratory of Systems Biomedical Science, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Section 2, Shi-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC. E-mail: (K.-H. Liang)
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21
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Lee DH, Clayton KN, Kinzer-Ursem TL, Linnes JC, Wereley ST. Quantifying Brownian motion in the presence of simple shear flow with particle diffusometry. EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS 2023; 64:26. [PMID: 36711431 PMCID: PMC9871426 DOI: 10.1007/s00348-022-03566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Particle diffusometry, a technology derived from particle image velocimetry, quantifies the Brownian motion of particles suspended in a quiescent solution by computing the diffusion coefficient. Particle diffusometry has been used for pathogen detection by measuring the change in solution viscosity due to amplified DNA from a specific gene target. However, particle diffusometry fails to calculate accurate measurements at elevated temperatures and fluid flow. Therefore, these two current limitations hinder the potential application where particle diffusometry can further be used. In this work, we expanded the usability of particle diffusometry to be applied to fluid samples with simple shear flow and at various temperatures. A range of diffusion coefficient videos is created to simulate the Brownian motion of particles under flow and temperature conditions. Our updated particle diffusometry analysis forms a correction equation under three different polynomial degrees of shear flow with varying flow rates and temperatures between 25 and 65 °C. An experiment in a channel with a rectangular cross section using a syringe pump to generate a constant flow is done to analyze the modified algorithm. In simulation analysis, the modified algorithm successfully computes the diffusion coefficients with ± 10% error for an average flow rate of up to 8 pixel / Δ t on all three flow types. Complementary experiments confirm the simulation results. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hoon Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | | | | | - Jacqueline C. Linnes
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Steven T. Wereley
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
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22
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Li D, Sun C, Mei X, Yang L. Achieving broad availability of SARS-CoV-2 detections via smartphone-based analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2023; 158:116878. [PMID: 36506266 PMCID: PMC9728015 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the development of COVID-19, widely available tests are in great demand. Naked-eye SARS-CoV-2 test kits have recently been developed as home tests, but their sensitivity and accuracy are sometimes limited. Smartphones can convert various signals into digital information, potentially improving the sensitivity and accuracy of these home tests. Herein, we summarize smartphone-based detections for SARS-CoV-2. Optical detections of non-nucleic acids using various sensors and portable imaging systems, as well as nucleic acid analyses based on LAMP, CRISP, CATCH, and biosensors are discussed. Furthermore, different electrochemical detections were compared. We show results obtained using relatively complex equipment, complicated programming procedures, or custom smartphone apps, and describe methods for obtaining information with only simple setups and free software on smartphones. Then, the combined costs of typical smartphone-based detections are evaluated. Finally, the prospect of improving smartphone-based strategies to achieve broad availability of SARS-CoV-2 detection is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Cai Sun
- AECC Shenyang Liming Aero-Engine Co, Ltd., Shenyang, China
| | - Xifan Mei
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China,Corresponding author
| | - Liqun Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics (China Medical University), Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning (The Affiliated Reproductive Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, China,Corresponding author
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23
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Li M, Ge H, Sun Z, Fu J, Cao L, Feng X, Meng G, Peng Y, Liu Y, Zhao C. A loop-mediated isothermal amplification-enabled analytical assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2: A review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1068015. [PMID: 36619749 PMCID: PMC9816412 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1068015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of words: 4645, the number of figures: 4, the number of tables: 1The outbreak of COVID-19 in December 2019 caused a global pandemic of acute respiratory disease, and with the increasing virulence of mutant strains and the number of confirmed cases, this has resulted in a tremendous threat to global public health. Therefore, an accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 is urgently needed for rapid control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. As a new molecular biology technology, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has the advantages of convenient operation, speed, low cost and high sensitivity and specificity. In the past two years, rampant COVID-19 and the continuous variation in the virus strains have demanded higher requirements for the rapid detection of pathogens. Compared with conventional RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR methods, genotyping RT-LAMP method and LAMP plus peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe detection methods have been developed to correctly identified SARS-CoV-2 variants, which is also why LAMP technology has attracted much attention. LAMP detection technology combined with lateral flow assay, microfluidic technology and other sensing technologies can effectively enhance signals by nucleic acid amplification and help to give the resulting output in a faster, more convenient and user-friendly way. At present, LAMP plays an important role in the detection of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingna Li
- College of public health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China,College of medical technology, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Hongjuan Ge
- College of public health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- College of public health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China,College of medical technology, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Jangshan Fu
- College of public health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Lele Cao
- College of public health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Xinrui Feng
- College of public health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China,Medical college, Yanbian University, Jilin, China
| | - Guixian Meng
- College of medical laboratory, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Yubo Peng
- Business School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yan Liu
- College of public health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China,*Correspondence: Yan Liu, ; Chen Zhao,
| | - Chen Zhao
- College of public health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China,*Correspondence: Yan Liu, ; Chen Zhao,
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24
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Xing G, Ai J, Wang N, Pu Q. Recent progress of smartphone-assisted microfluidic sensors for point of care testing. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Das D, Lin CW, Chuang HS. LAMP-Based Point-of-Care Biosensors for Rapid Pathogen Detection. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12121068. [PMID: 36551035 PMCID: PMC9775414 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Seeking optimized infectious pathogen detection tools is of primary importance to lessen the spread of infections, allowing prompt medical attention for the infected. Among nucleic-acid-based sensing techniques, loop-mediated isothermal amplification is a promising method, as it provides rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of microbial and viral pathogens and has enormous potential to transform current point-of-care molecular diagnostics. In this review, the advances in LAMP-based point-of-care diagnostics assays developed during the past few years for rapid and sensitive detection of infectious pathogens are outlined. The numerous detection methods of LAMP-based biosensors are discussed in an end-point and real-time manner with ideal examples. We also summarize the trends in LAMP-on-a-chip modalities, such as classical microfluidic, paper-based, and digital LAMP, with their merits and limitations. Finally, we provide our opinion on the future improvement of on-chip LAMP methods. This review serves as an overview of recent breakthroughs in the LAMP approach and their potential for use in the diagnosis of existing and emerging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhrubajyoti Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Han-Sheng Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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26
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Li Q, Li Y, Gao Q, Jiang C, Tian Q, Ma C, Shi C. Real-time monitoring of isothermal nucleic acid amplification on a smartphone by using a portable electrochemical device for home-testing of SARS-CoV-2. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1229:340343. [PMID: 36156220 PMCID: PMC9449873 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Home-testing of SARS-CoV-2 is an ideal approach for controlling the pandemic of COVID-19 and alleviating the shortage of medical resource caused by this acute infectious disease. Herein, a portable device that enables real-time monitoring of isothermal nucleic acid amplification tests (INAATs) through the electrochemistry method was fabricated for home-testing of SARS-CoV-2. First, a disposable plug-and-play pH-sensitive potentiometric sensor that matches this electrochemical INAATs (E-INAATs) device was designed to allow the label-free pH sensing detection of nucleic acid. By applying Nafion film on the polyaniline-based working electrode, this sensor exhibited an excellent linear potentiometric response to pH value in the range of 6.0–8.5 with a slope of −37.45 ± 1.96 mV/pH unit. A Bluetooth module was integrated into this device to enable the users real-time monitoring INAATs on their smartphones at home. Moreover, by presetting criteria, the detection results could be automatically judged by the device to avoid human errors. Finally, the utility of this E-INAATs device was demonstrated by detecting the presence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein gene in artificial samples with a sensitivity of 2 × 102 copies/test within 25 min, which was comparable with fluorescence and colorimetric assay. This portable, easy-operated, sensitive, and affordable device is particularly desirable for the full integration of household SARS-CoV-2 detection products and will open a new prospect for the control of infectious diseases via electrochemical NAATs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Qian Gao
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Qingwu Tian
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| | - Cuiping Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Detection Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China
| | - Chao Shi
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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27
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Yin B, Wan X, Sohan ASMMF, Lin X. Microfluidics-Based POCT for SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostics. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13081238. [PMID: 36014162 PMCID: PMC9413395 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A microfluidic chip is a tiny reactor that can confine and flow a specific amount of fluid into channels of tens to thousands of microns as needed and can precisely control fluid flow, pressure, temperature, etc. Point-of-care testing (POCT) requires small equipment, has short testing cycles, and controls the process, allowing single or multiple laboratory facilities to simultaneously analyze biological samples and diagnose infectious diseases. In general, rapid detection and stage assessment of viral epidemics are essential to overcome pandemic situations and diagnose promptly. Therefore, combining microfluidic devices with POCT improves detection efficiency and convenience for viral disease SARS-CoV-2. At the same time, the POCT of microfluidic chips increases user accessibility, improves accuracy and sensitivity, shortens detection time, etc., which are beneficial in detecting SARS-CoV-2. This review shares recent advances in POCT-based testing for COVID-19 and how it is better suited to help diagnose in response to the ongoing pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binfeng Yin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (X.W.); (A.S.M.M.F.S.)
- Correspondence: (B.Y.); (X.L.); Tel.: +86-189-1118-5500 (B.Y.); +86-182-2266-7931 (X.L.)
| | - Xinhua Wan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (X.W.); (A.S.M.M.F.S.)
| | | | - Xiaodong Lin
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence: (B.Y.); (X.L.); Tel.: +86-189-1118-5500 (B.Y.); +86-182-2266-7931 (X.L.)
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