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Bone JK, Fancourt D, Sonke JK, Bu F. The Changing Relationship Between Hobby Engagement and Substance Use in Young People: Latent Growth Modelling of the Add Health Cohort. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-024-02047-x. [PMID: 39014156 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Cross-sectional and some longitudinal evidence suggests doing hobbies can reduce substance use, but findings have been inconsistent, and whether associations differ across adolescence remains unclear. This study included 7454 Add Health participants (50% female, 77% White, age mean=14.95 and SD = 1.56). Participants were split into three groups, according to whether they were early (aged 11-14 at baseline), mid (aged 15-16), or late (aged 17-20) adolescents at baseline. The trajectories of binge drinking, marijuana, and tobacco use were analysed in latent growth models across Waves 1-5 (1994-2018). Concurrent associations between substance use and hobby engagement were tested at Waves 1-3 separately in the three age groups. Doing hobbies more frequently was associated with lower odds of binge drinking and marijuana and tobacco use in early adolescence. Although there was initially a similar protective association in mid and late adolescence, this had reversed by Wave 3 for binge drinking and marijuana use, when participants were young adults. This change in the association could be a result of differing social contexts, changes in peer influence, or an indication that creative hobbies are particularly beneficial. It could explain previous inconsistent findings and demonstrates the importance of considering developmental differences when investigating engagement in hobbies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Bone
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Daisy Fancourt
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jill K Sonke
- Center for Arts in Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Feifei Bu
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London, UK
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Walczak B, Walczak A, Tricas-Sauras S, Kołodziejczyk J. Does Sport Participation Protect Adolescents from Alcohol Consumption? A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5417. [PMID: 37048031 PMCID: PMC10094265 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Participation in youth sports is believed to protect against alcohol consumption. Although this concept has been questioned for over 40 years, the review of methodologically reliable evidence data is scarce. This review summarizes the state of knowledge on the association between practicing sports and alcohol consumption among adolescents (10-19 years old) and its moderators. (2) Methods: The review covers only random-sample-based and population research. A systematic search was conducted on Scopus, PubMed, and WoS, for articles published between 2000 and 2021. From the 1944 identified records, 139 advanced to the full-text review, and 32 to the final data extraction and quality review. (3) Results: About two-thirds of the studies, including all the longitudinal ones, showed a positive association between sport participation and alcohol consumption. The most common mediators were gender (males were at higher risk), discipline (odds for team sports were higher, but professionalization could reduce it), and race, which intersected with gender, putting white males at the highest risk. (4) Conclusions: Further longitudinal research based on random samples using standardized indicators, including psychological and social variables, may provide more consistent outcomes and allow for the identification of mediating mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Walczak
- Faculty of Applied Social Sciences and Resocialization, University of Warsaw, Nowy Świat 69, 00-297 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Walczak
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Christian Theological Academy in Warsaw, Broniewskiego 48, 01-771 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sandra Tricas-Sauras
- École de Santé Publique (CR5-CRISS) Social Approaches of Health, Campus Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 596, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Erasmus Hogeschool Brussel, BRUCHI Kennis Centrum, Laarbeeklaan, 121, Jette, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- European Alcohol Policy Alliance, Eurocare, Rue Archimède, 17, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jakub Kołodziejczyk
- Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Jagiellonian University in Cracov, Łojasiewicza 4, 30-348 Cracov, Poland
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Hsieh TY, Simpkins SD, Vandell DL. Longitudinal associations between adolescent out-of-school time and adult substance use. J Adolesc 2023; 95:131-146. [PMID: 36250338 PMCID: PMC9822851 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Based on Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory and Bornstein's specificity principle, the purpose of this study was to examine adolescents' time in out-of-school settings as a precursor of three types of problematic substance use in adulthood (i.e., binge drinking, regular marijuana use, and use of illicit drugs). METHOD Adolescents (N = 978) reported the time they spent in four common out-of-school settings at ages 15 and 18: unsupervised time with peers, organized sports, other organized activities, and paid employment. At age 26, participants reported binge drinking, marijuana use, and illicit drug use. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Adolescents' time in out-of-school settings during high school predicted age 26 substance use over and above family and adolescent factors, including adolescents' substance use during high school. Adolescents' unsupervised time with peers increased the odds and frequency of binge drinking and regular marijuana use at age 26. Time in high school organized sports increased the odds of binge drinking at age 26, but not marijuana or illicit drug use. Time spent in other organized activities, such as community service and the arts, lowered the odds of illicit drug use whereas paid employment in high school was not related to age 26 substance use. Aligned with Bornstein's specificity principle, time spent in specific out-of-school settings during adolescence were differentially related to substance use problems in early adulthood, with some activities serving as a risk factor and other activities serving as a protective factor for young adults.
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Merianos AL, Jacobs W, Olaniyan AC, Smith ML, Mahabee‐Gittens EM. Tobacco Smoke Exposure, School Engagement, School Success, and Afterschool Activity Participation Among US Children. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2022; 92:1202-1213. [PMID: 35989183 PMCID: PMC9669117 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoke exposure (TSE), defined as secondhand smoke (SHS) and thirdhand smoke (THS), is associated with negative health consequences. This study's objective was to assess the associations between home TSE status and school engagement, school success, and afterschool activity participation among school-aged children. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of 2018-2019 National Survey of Children's Health cross-sectional data. Children ages 6-11 years (N = 17,466) were categorized into home TSE groups: no home TSE; THS exposure only; and SHS and THS exposure. Weighted logistic and Poisson regression models were built. RESULTS Compared to children with no home TSE, children with home THS exposure only and SHS and THS exposure were at decreased odds of being engaged in school (AOR = 0.69, 95%CI = 0.57, 0.83; AOR = 0.63, 95%CI = 0.41, 0.97, respectively), and at increased odds of having ≥1 school-to-home contact about child problems in school (AOR = 1.83, 95%CI = 1.50, 2.23; AOR = 1.58, 95%CI = 1.05, 2.37, respectively). Children with THS exposure only were at increased odds of missing ≥1 school day (AOR = 1.43, 95%CI = 1.13, 1.81). Children with THS exposure only (ARR = 0.90, 95%CI = 0.83, 0.96) and SHS and THS exposure (ARR = 0.74, 95%CI = 0.61, 0.89) were at reduced likelihood of participating in a higher number of afterschool activities. CONCLUSIONS Children exposed to home tobacco smoke are at unique risk for poorer school engagement and success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L. Merianos
- University of Cincinnati, School of Human ServicesPO Box 210068CincinnatiOH45221‐0068
| | - Wura Jacobs
- Department of KinesiologyCalifornia State University Stanislaus, One University CircleTurlockCA95382
| | - Afolakemi C. Olaniyan
- University of Cincinnati, School of Human ServicesPO Box 210068CincinnatiOH45221‐0068
| | - Matthew Lee Smith
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M University212 Adriance Lab RoadCollege StationTX77843
| | - E. Melinda Mahabee‐Gittens
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Emergency MedicineCollege of Medicine, University of Cincinnati3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 2008, 3333 Burnet AvenueCincinnatiOH45229
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McWood LM, Erath SA, Pettit GS, Bates JE, Dodge KA, Lansford JE. Organized Activity Involvement Predicts Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2021; 50:2181-2193. [PMID: 34482493 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-021-01491-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the expected benefits of organized activity involvement (e.g., sports, clubs), inconsistencies in associations between activity involvement and internalizing and externalizing problems may be explained in part by limitations of measurements and variations between individuals. To address these gaps, a latent variable of organized activity participation was tested as a predictor of internalizing and externalizing problems, and initial child adjustment was tested as a moderator of the outcomes from activity participation. Participants included 431 adolescents (52.2% female; ages 12-13 in seventh grade) from the Child Development Project. Adolescents self-reported activity involvement (seventh grade) and internalizing problems (seventh and ninth grades); mothers reported on adolescents' externalizing problems (seventh and eighth grade). Structural equation models showed that an activity involvement latent variable predicted lower internalizing problems. The interaction between activity involvement and initial level of externalizing problems predicted externalizing problems. Specifically, higher levels of activity involvement predicted lower levels of externalizing problems at initially lower levels of externalizing problems. However, at higher levels of initial externalizing problems, higher levels of activity involvement predicted higher levels of externalizing problems. The results suggest that activity involvement reduces risk for subsequent internalizing problems but could increase or decrease risk for subsequent externalizing problems depending on initial levels of externalizing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanna M McWood
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, 261 Mell Street, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
| | - Stephen A Erath
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, 261 Mell Street, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
| | - Gregory S Pettit
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, 261 Mell Street, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - John E Bates
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Kenneth A Dodge
- Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Box 90245, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer E Lansford
- Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Box 90245, Durham, NC, USA
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Nguyen NN. The Significance of School-based Programs, School-based Activities, and Community-Based Activities Against Marijuana Use Among Adolescents. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/00220426211037272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Marijuana use among adolescents is concerning in the United States, meanwhile, the effectiveness of school-based programs is inconclusive. This study examines the impact of school-based programs, school-based activities, and community-based activities on marijuana use among adolescents. Methods: A binary logistic regression analysis was conducted, using a sample of 16,509 adolescents (age = 12 to 17, male = 51.3%, White = 60.1%, Hispanic = 21.4%, African American = 14.7%, and Asian American = 3.9%) from the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Results: Results of the main effects revealed that school-based programs, school-based activities, and community-based activities were deterrent factors against marijuana use among adolescents. Adolescents are less likely to use marijuana if they participate in school-based programs, school-based activities, and community-based activities. Conclusion: The findings of this study have implications for schools and those making educational policy.
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Noel-London K, Ortiz K, BeLue R. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) & youth sports participation: Does a gradient exist? CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 113:104924. [PMID: 33461113 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may be an important factor in understanding sport participation in youth. Yet, very little research has examined this relationship directly using nationally representative data from the United States. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the associations between ACEs and sport participation in adolescents. METHODS Using a 2017-2018 pooled dataset of the National Survey of Children's Health [NSCH], survey weighted chi-squared analysis and multivariable logistic regressions were implemented to assess the association between ACEs and sport participation among youth aged 10-17 years, comparing those without reports of ACEs (ref) to those reporting ACEs. The sample was also stratified to examine gendered differences. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic and child health covariates (physical activity, gender, age, BMI, race/ethnicity, parent reported child health, parental educational attainment, family structure, health insurance coverage, year and mental health conditions). RESULTS Of 23,557 youth included in our study (12,454 boys [51%], 11,303 girls [49%]; 21.9% reported 1 ACE, 10.1% reported 2 ACEs, and 14.3% reported 3 or more ACEs. In fully adjusted models, we observed significant associations between all levels of ACE exposure and decreased sport participation. When examined by gender, adjusted models revealed that only boys reporting 1ACE exhibited decreased odds of participating in sport OR = 0.70 (95% CI: 0.56, 0.89). CONCLUSIONS ACE exposure in adolescents is associated with reduced odds of sport participation. While sport is traditionally seen as an intervention for youth to build resilience, it may be prudent to consider targeted interventions that encourage sport participation in youth who experience ACEs. Special consideration may be needed for boys who experience ACEs. Additionally, the results suggest that utilising a trauma informed framework within the world of youth sport and sports medicine may be of value overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemba Noel-London
- College for Public Health and Social Justice, Department of Health Management and Policy, Saint Louis University, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
| | - Kasim Ortiz
- Department of Sociology & Criminology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Rhonda BeLue
- College for Public Health and Social Justice, Department of Health Management and Policy, Saint Louis University, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
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Noel-London KC, Grimsley C, Porter J, Breitbach AP. "The Tip of the Iceberg": Commentary on Sports, Health Inequity, and Trauma Exacerbated by COVID-19. J Athl Train 2021; 56:5-10. [PMID: 33290542 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0350.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To discuss the relevance of system-level health inequities and their interplay with race in sports and athletic training, particularly during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. BACKGROUND Health inequity is a systemic and longstanding concern with dire consequences that can have marked effects on the lives of minority patients. As a result of the unequal consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, the magnitude of the outcomes from health inequity in all spheres of American health care is being brought to the fore. The discourse within athletic training practice and policy must shift to intentionally creating strategies that acknowledge and account for systemic health inequities in order to facilitate an informed, evidence-based, and safe return to sport within the new normal. CONCLUSIONS To continue to evolve the profession and solidify athletic trainers' role in public health spaces post-COVID-19, professionals at all levels of athletic training practice and policy must intentionally create strategies that acknowledge and account for not only the social determinants of health but also the effects of racism and childhood trauma on overall health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anthony P Breitbach
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Saint Louis University, MO
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Wiener RC, Bhandari R, Morgan S, Shockey AKT, Waters C. Adolescents' Perceived Risk of Harm Due to Smoking: The role of extracurricular activities. JOURNAL OF DENTAL HYGIENE : JDH 2020; 94:47-55. [PMID: 32753524 PMCID: PMC7885169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Tobacco use initiated during adolescence often leads to continued use in adulthood. There are multiple factors influencing initiation, including low perceived risk of harm. Adolescents involved in school-based extracurricular activities have opportunities to interact with coaches, leaders, and group supervisors who may influence their perception of risk. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of extracurricular activities and adolescents' perceived risks of harm of tobacco use, utilizing an existing dataset.Methods: The 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) dataset was used for a cross-sectional study of youth, ages 12 to <18 years. Adolescents involved in one or more school-based, extracurricular activities were compared with adolescents involved in no activities. The key variable was the response to the NSDUH question regarding perceived risk of harm from daily smoking (≥1 packs of cigarettes). Chi-square tests and multinomial logistic regression were used to analyze the data.Results: At the time of the 2016 NSDUH study period, among the adolescents aged 12 to <18 years (n=4,308), 17.5% indicated that they did not participate in any extracurricular activities and 10.6% reported no/slight perceived risk of harm associated with tobacco use. Adolescents who did not participate in extracurricular activities were more likely to report no/slight risk of harm from smoking (Adjusted Odds Ratio, AOR= 2.21 [95%CI: 1.62, 3.02]) as opposed to the perception of great risk of harm.Conclusion: Adolescents who are not involved in extracurricular activities are more likely to endorse the perception that cigarettes have no/slight risk of harm. School-based extracurricular activities may provide unintended benefits to adolescents; health care professionals, including dental hygienists, should be aware of this associated health benefit.
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Prieto-Damm B, de la Rosa PA, Lopez-Del Burgo C, Calatrava M, Osorio A, Albertos A, de Irala J. Leisure activities and alcohol consumption among adolescents from Peru and El Salvador. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 199:27-34. [PMID: 30981046 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Structured and unstructured leisure are known protective and risk factors, respectively, for alcohol consumption during adolescence. However, little is known about the interaction between the two leisure types and alcohol consumption. METHOD A cross-sectional study was performed among high-school students in El Salvador and Peru. Schooled adolescents, aged 13-18 (N = 5640), completed a self-administered questionnaire about risk behaviors, including their leisure activities and whether they had consumed alcoholic beverages. They were classified into tertiles of the amount of time of both structured and unstructured activities. A non-conditional multivariate logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the association of both types of leisure with alcohol consumption. We also used a likelihood ratio test to assess the potential interaction of structured and unstructured leisure time in alcohol consumption. RESULTS Alcohol consumption was much more frequent among adolescents in the highest tertile of unstructured leisure time compared to the lowest one (Adjusted OR: 5.52; 95% CI: 4.49-6.78), and less frequent among those from the highest tertile of structured leisure time compared to the lowest one (Adjusted OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.55-0.80). We did not find an interaction effect between structured and unstructured leisure time with regard to initiation of alcohol consumption. DISCUSSION The study suggests that structured leisure is not enough to compensate for the possible harmful effect of unstructured leisure. Parents, educators and policy makers might be advised to discourage unstructured leisure among adolescents, and not simply to encourage structured leisure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamín Prieto-Damm
- Institute for Culture and Society, Universidad de Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31080, Pamplona, Spain; Tabancura School, Las Hualtatas 10500, Vitacura, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Pedro A de la Rosa
- Institute for Culture and Society, Universidad de Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31080, Pamplona, Spain; Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31080, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Lopez-Del Burgo
- Institute for Culture and Society, Universidad de Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31080, Pamplona, Spain; Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31080, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Calle Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Maria Calatrava
- Institute for Culture and Society, Universidad de Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31080, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Calle Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Alfonso Osorio
- Institute for Culture and Society, Universidad de Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31080, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Calle Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; School of Education and Psychology, Universidad de Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31080, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Aranzazu Albertos
- Institute for Culture and Society, Universidad de Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31080, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Calle Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; School of Education and Psychology, Universidad de Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31080, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jokin de Irala
- Institute for Culture and Society, Universidad de Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31080, Pamplona, Spain; Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31080, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Calle Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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Chen CY, Wang IA, Wang N, Lu MC, Liu CY, Chen WJ. Leisure activity participation in relation to alcohol purchasing and consumption in adolescence. Addict Behav 2019; 90:294-300. [PMID: 30472538 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Building upon the socioecological perspective, this study examines prospective associations linking leisure activity participation with alcohol purchasing and consumption in early adolescence. METHODS A total of 1763 seventh graders (age 12-13 years) were recruited from middle schools in urban Taiwan via multi-stage sampling and followed-up 1.5 years later during ninth grade. Information about leisure activities, covariates (i.e., gender, puberty development, family structure, parental educational attainment, monthly allowance, peer drinking, and childhood alcohol experience), and two outcome variables (i.e., alcohol purchasing and drinking behaviors) was gathered via web-based self-administered questionnaires. Data concerning alcohol outlets and recreational resource for each community district were retrieved from official statistics and commercial sources. Two-level hierarchical generalized linear models were used to evaluate association estimates. FINDINGS Five percent of ninth graders ever purchased alcohol and nearly one in seven drank alcohol on three or more occasions (i.e., occasional drinking) in the past year. Sports, unstructured, and organized leisure activities were not linked with illegal alcohol purchasing when community contexts were statistically adjusted; a higher community on-premised alcohol outlet density increased alcohol purchasing by 94% (95% CI = 1.24-3.06). In contrast, unstructured leisure activity participation at 7th grade predicted occasional drinking (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 5.52; 95% CI = 3.13-9.74). Sports participation was associated with reduced risk of occasional drinking in the communities with high unregulated alcohol outlets (aOR for interaction = 0.58; P < .001). CONCLUSION Our research provides insights to differential roles of leisure activity participation in shaping adolescents' commercial alcohol access and occasional drinking. Macro-social contexts should be considered in the efforts to reduce underage drinking problems through leisure activities.
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Kimiecik JC, Horn TS. The big motivational picture: Examining the relationship between positive intrapersonal processes and adolescent health-promoting behaviors. APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10888691.2016.1158651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kuhn C. Emergence of sex differences in the development of substance use and abuse during adolescence. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 153:55-78. [PMID: 26049025 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Substance use and abuse begin during adolescence. Male and female adolescent humans initiate use at comparable rates, but males increase use faster. In adulthood, more men than women use and abuse addictive drugs. However, some women progress more rapidly from initiation of use to entry into treatment. In animal models, adolescent males and females consume addictive drugs similarly. However, reproductively mature females acquire self-administration faster, and in some models, escalate use more. Sex/gender differences exist in neurobiologic factors mediating both reinforcement (dopamine, opioids) and aversiveness (CRF, dynorphin), as well as intrinsic factors (personality, psychiatric co-morbidities) and extrinsic factors (history of abuse, environment especially peers and family) which influence the progression from initial use to abuse. Many of these important differences emerge during adolescence, and are moderated by sexual differentiation of the brain. Estradiol effects which enhance both dopaminergic and CRF-mediated processes contribute to the female vulnerability to substance use and abuse. Testosterone enhances impulsivity and sensation seeking in both males and females. Several protective factors in females also influence initiation and progression of substance use including hormonal changes of pregnancy as well as greater capacity for self-regulation and lower peak levels of impulsivity/sensation seeking. Same sex peers represent a risk factor more for males than females during adolescence, while romantic partners increase risk for women during this developmental epoch. In summary, biologic factors, psychiatric co-morbidities as well as personality and environment present sex/gender-specific risks as adolescents begin to initiate substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Kuhn
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Box 3813, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
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