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De Angelis E, Saleri R, Martelli P, Elviri L, Bianchera A, Bergonzi C, Pirola M, Romeo R, Andrani M, Cavalli V, Conti V, Bettini R, Passeri B, Ravanetti F, Borghetti P. Cultured Horse Articular Chondrocytes in 3D-Printed Chitosan Scaffold With Hyaluronic Acid and Platelet Lysate. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:671776. [PMID: 34322533 PMCID: PMC8311290 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.671776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has gained popularity in tissue engineering and in the field of cartilage regeneration. This is due to its potential to generate scaffolds with spatial variation of cell distribution or mechanical properties, built with a variety of materials that can mimic complex tissue architecture. In the present study, horse articular chondrocytes were cultured for 2 and 4 weeks in 3D-printed chitosan (CH)-based scaffolds prepared with or without hyaluronic acid and in the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS) or platelet lysate (PL). These 3D culture systems were analyzed in terms of their capability to maintain chondrocyte differentiation in vitro. This was achieved by evaluating cell morphology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), gene expression of relevant cartilage markers (collagen type II, aggrecan, and Sox9), and specific markers of dedifferentiated phenotype (collagen type I, Runx2). The morphological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and molecular results demonstrated that the 3D CH scaffold is sufficiently porous to be colonized by primary chondrocytes. Thereby, it provides an optimal environment for the colonization and synthetic activity of chondrocytes during a long culture period where a higher rate of dedifferentiation can be generally observed. Enrichment with hyaluronic acid provides an optimal microenvironment for a more stable maintenance of the chondrocyte phenotype. The use of 3D CH scaffolds causes a further increase in the gene expression of most relevant ECM components when PL is added as a substitute for FBS in the medium. This indicates that the latter system enables a better maintenance of the chondrocyte phenotype, thereby highlighting a fair balance between proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena De Angelis
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Saleri
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Martelli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Lisa Elviri
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Bergonzi
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marta Pirola
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Romeo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Melania Andrani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Valeria Cavalli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Virna Conti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Paolo Borghetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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2
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De Angelis E, Ravanetti F, Martelli P, Cacchioli A, Ivanovska A, Corradi A, Nasi S, Bianchera A, Passeri B, Canelli E, Bettini R, Borghetti P. The in vitro biocompatibility of d-(+) raffinose modified chitosan: Two-dimensional and three-dimensional systems for culturing of horse articular chondrocytes. Res Vet Sci 2017. [PMID: 28647600 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the biocompatibility of chitosan films and scaffolds modified with d-(+)raffinose and their capability to support the growth and maintenance of the differentiation of articular chondrocytes in vitro. Primary equine articular chondrocytes were cultured on films and scaffolds of modified d-(+) raffinose chitosan. Their behavior was compared to that of chondrocytes grown in conventional bi- and three-dimensional culture systems, such as micromasses and alginate beads. Chitosan films maintained the phenotype of differentiated chondrocytes (typical round morphology) and sustained the synthesis of cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM), even at 4weeks of culture. Indeed, starting from 2weeks of culture, chondrocytes seeded on chitosan scaffolds were able to penetrate the surface pores and to colonize the internal matrix. Moreover they produced ECM expressing the genes of typical chondrocytes differentiation markers such as collagen II and aggrecan. In conclusion, chitosan modified with d-raffinose represents an ideal support for chondrocyte adhesion, proliferation and for the maintenance of cellular phenotypic and genotypic differentiation. This novel biomaterial could potentially be a reliable support for the re-differentiation of dedifferentiated chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paolo Martelli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Italy
| | | | - Ana Ivanovska
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Attilio Corradi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Sonia Nasi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- Department of Pharmacy, Interdepartmental Centre Biopharmanet-Tec, University of Parma, Italy
| | | | - Elena Canelli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Department of Pharmacy, Interdepartmental Centre Biopharmanet-Tec, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Borghetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Italy
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3
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Liu J, Ruan J, Chang L, Yang H, Ruan W. Porous Nb-Ti-Ta alloy scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: Fabrication, mechanical properties and in vitro/vivo biocompatibility. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 78:503-512. [PMID: 28576015 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Porous Nb-Ti-Ta (at.%) alloys with the pore size of 100-600μm and the porosity of 50%-80% were fabricated by the combination of the sponge impregnation technique and sintering method. The results revealed that the pores were well connected with three-dimensional (3D) network structure, which showed morphological similarity to the anisotropic porous structure of human bones. The results also showed that the alloys could provide the compressive Young's modulus of 0.11±0.01GPa to 2.08±0.09GPa and the strength of 17.45±2.76MPa to 121.67±1.76MPa at different level of porosity, indicating that the mechanical properties of the alloys are similar to those of human bones. Pore structure on the compressive properties was also discussed on the basis of the deformation mode. The relationship between compressive properties and porosity was well consistent with the Gibson-Ashby model. The mechanical properties could be tailored to match different requirements of the human bones. Moreover, the alloys had good biocompatibility due to the porous structure with higher surface, which were suitable for apatite formation and cell adhesion. In conclusion, the porous Nb-Ti-Ta alloy is potentially useful in the hard tissue implants for the appropriate mechanical properties as well as the good biocompatible properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Jianming Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Lin Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Hailin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
| | - Wei Ruan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China.
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4
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Alinovi R, Goldoni M, Pinelli S, Ravanetti F, Galetti M, Pelosi G, De Palma G, Apostoli P, Cacchioli A, Mutti A, Mozzoni P. Titanium dioxide aggregating nanoparticles induce autophagy and under-expression of microRNA 21 and 30a in A549 cell line: A comparative study with cobalt(II, III) oxide nanoparticles. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 42:76-85. [PMID: 28400205 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) is controversial, while it is widely accepted for Co3O4 NPs. We present a comparative study concerning the uptake of these NPs and their effect on cytoplasmic organelles and autophagy in a human lung carcinoma cell line (A549), including assays on the expression of autophagy-related microRNAs. The NP accumulation caused a fast dose- and time-dependent change of flow cytometry physical parameters particularly after TiO2 NP exposure. The intracellular levels of metals confirmed it, but the Co concentration was ten times higher than that of Ti. Both NPs caused neither necrosis nor apoptosis, but cytotoxicity was mainly evident for Co3O4 NPs in the first 72h. TiO2 NPs caused autophagy, contrarily to Co3O4 NPs. Furthermore, a significant and persistent downregulation of miRNA-21 and miRNA-30a was observed only in TiO2 NPs-treated cultures. The expression of miRNA-155 was similar for both NPs. Oxidative stress was evident only for Co3O4 NPs, while both NPs perturbed endoplasmic reticulum and p-53 expression. In conclusion, the oxidative stress caused by Co3O4 NPs can influence energy homeostasis and hamper the ability to detoxify and to repair the resulting damage, thus preventing the induction of autophagy, while TiO2 NPs elicit autophagy also under sub-toxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Alinovi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Goldoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Silvana Pinelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Ravanetti
- Department of Medical Veterinary Sciences, Unit of Normal Veterinary Anatomy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Maricla Galetti
- Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL) Research Center, Parma, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pelosi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Palma
- Section of Public Health and Human Sciences, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Pietro Apostoli
- Section of Public Health and Human Sciences, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Cacchioli
- Department of Medical Veterinary Sciences, Unit of Normal Veterinary Anatomy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio Mutti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Mozzoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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5
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Ting M, Jefferies SR, Xia W, Engqvist H, Suzuki JB. Classification and Effects of Implant Surface Modification on the Bone: Human Cell-Based In Vitro Studies. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2016; 43:58-83. [PMID: 27897464 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-16-00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Implant surfaces are continuously being improved to achieve faster osseointegration and a stronger bone to implant interface. This review will present the various implant surfaces, the parameters for implant surface characterization, and the corresponding in vitro human cell-based studies determining the strength and quality of the bone-implant contact. These in vitro cell-based studies are the basis for animal and clinical studies and are the prelude to further reviews on how these surfaces would perform when subjected to the oral environment and functional loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Ting
- 1 Temple University Kornberg School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Steven R Jefferies
- 2 Department of Restorative Dentistry, Temple University Kornberg School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Wei Xia
- 3 Department of Engineering Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Engqvist
- 3 Department of Engineering Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jon B Suzuki
- 4 Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Temple University Kornberg School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, Pa
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6
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Yin C, Zhang Y, Cai Q, Li B, Yang H, Wang H, Qi H, Zhou Y, Meng W. Effects of the micro-nano surface topography of titanium alloy on the biological responses of osteoblast. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 105:757-769. [PMID: 27756111 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Yin
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling; Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjing Zhang
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling; Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Cai
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling; Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Baosheng Li
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling; Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling; Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Heling Wang
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling; Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Qi
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling; Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling; Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyan Meng
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling; Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
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7
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Golda-Cepa M, Chorylek A, Chytrosz P, Brzychczy-Wloch M, Jaworska J, Kasperczyk J, Hakkarainen M, Engvall K, Kotarba A. Multifunctional PLGA/Parylene C Coating for Implant Materials: An Integral Approach for Biointerface Optimization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:22093-22105. [PMID: 27500860 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Functionalizing implant surfaces is critical for improving their performance. An integrated approach was employed to develop a multifunctional implant coating based on oxygen plasma-modified parylene C and drug-loaded, biodegradable poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA). The key functional attributes of the coating (i.e., anti-corrosion, biocompatible, anti-infection, and therapeutic) were thoroughly characterized at each fabrication step by spectroscopic, microscopic, and biologic methods and at different scales, ranging from molecular, through the nano- and microscales to the macroscopic scale. The chemistry of each layer was demonstrated separately, and their mutual affinity was shown to be indispensable for the development of versatile coatings for implant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Golda-Cepa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - A Chorylek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - P Chytrosz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - M Brzychczy-Wloch
- Department of Bacteriology, Microbial Ecology and Parasitology, Jagiellonian University Medical College , Czysta 18, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - J Jaworska
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , Curie Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - J Kasperczyk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , Curie Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - M Hakkarainen
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Engvall
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Kotarba
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
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8
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Ravanetti F, Chiesa R, Ossiprandi MC, Gazza F, Farina V, Martini FM, Di Lecce R, Gnudi G, Della Valle C, Gavini J, Cacchioli A. Osteogenic response and osteoprotective effects in vivo of a nanostructured titanium surface with antibacterial properties. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:52. [PMID: 26787484 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In implantology, as an alternative approach to the use of antibiotics, direct surface modifications of the implant addressed to inhibit bacterial adhesion and to limit bacterial proliferation are a promising tactic. The present study evaluates in an in vivo normal model the osteogenic response and the osteointegration of an anodic spark deposition nanostructured titanium surface doped with gallium (ASD + Ga) in comparison with two other surface treatments of titanium: an anodic spark deposition treatment without gallium (ASD) and an acid etching treatment (CTR). Moreover the study assesses the osteoprotective potential and the antibacterial effect of the previously mentioned surface treatments in an experimentally-induced peri-implantitis model. The obtained data points out a more rapid primary fixation in ASD and ASD + Ga implants, compared with CTR surface. Regarding the antibacterial properties, the ASD + Ga surface shows osteoprotective action on bone peri-implant tissue in vivo as well as an antibacterial effect within the first considered time point.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ravanetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - R Chiesa
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Materials Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - M C Ossiprandi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - F Gazza
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - V Farina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - F M Martini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - R Di Lecce
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - G Gnudi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - C Della Valle
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Materials Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - J Gavini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - A Cacchioli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
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9
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Alves SA, Bayón R, de Viteri VS, Garcia MP, Igartua A, Fernandes MH, Rocha LA. Tribocorrosion Behavior of Calcium- and Phosphorous-Enriched Titanium Oxide Films and Study of Osteoblast Interactions for Dental Implants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40735-015-0023-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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10
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Bertollo N, Sandrini E, Dalla Pria P, Walsh WR. Osseointegration of multiphase anodic spark deposition treated porous titanium implants in an ovine model. J Arthroplasty 2015; 30:484-8. [PMID: 25540993 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Modification of titanium oxide by multiphase anodic spark deposition (ASD) has the potential to increase bioactivity and hasten osseointegration and biological fixation in uncemented arthroplasty. This study assessed the in vivo performance of control (Ti), plasma-sprayed HA-coated (TiHA) and ASD (Biospark) treated (TiAn) porous titanium implants with a solid core using a standard uncemented implant fixation sheep model. Cortical interfacial shear-strength and bone ingrowth in cortical and cancellous sites were quantified following 12 weeks in situ. Ultimate shear-strength for the Ti, TiHA and TiAn coatings was 33±9.5, 35.4±8.4 and 33.8±7.8 MPa, respectively, which was limited by coating delamination. ASD treatment was associated with significantly higher mean bone ingrowth at both sites. These results support the osteoconductive potential of the BioSpark treatment of porous titanium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Bertollo
- Surgical & Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, University of New South Wales, Prince of Wales Hospital Clinical School, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - William R Walsh
- Surgical & Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, University of New South Wales, Prince of Wales Hospital Clinical School, Sydney, Australia
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11
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Bruinink A, Luginbuehl R. Evaluation of biocompatibility using in vitro methods: interpretation and limitations. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 126:117-52. [PMID: 21989487 DOI: 10.1007/10_2011_111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro biocompatibility of novel materials has to be proven before a material can be used as component of a medical device. This must be done in cell culture tests according to internationally recognized standard protocols. Subsequently, preclinical and clinical tests must be performed to verify the safety of the new material and device. The present chapter focuses on the first step, the in vitro testing according to ISO 10993-5, and critically discusses its limited significance. Alternative strategies and a brief overview of activities to improve the current in vitro tests are presented in the concluding section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie Bruinink
- Laboratory for Materials - Biology Interactions, Empa - Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstasse 5, CH-9014 St, Gallen, Switzerland,
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12
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Jimbo R, Tovar N, Yoo DY, Janal MN, Anchieta RB, Coelho PG. The effect of different surgical drilling procedures on full laser-etched microgrooves surface-treated implants: an experimental study in sheep. Clin Oral Implants Res 2013; 25:1072-7. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Jimbo
- Department of Prosthodontics; Faculty of Odontology; Malmo University; Malmo Sweden
| | - Nick Tovar
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics; New York University; New York NY USA
| | - Daniel Y. Yoo
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics; New York University; New York NY USA
| | - Malvin N. Janal
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion; New York University; New York NY USA
| | - Rodolfo B. Anchieta
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics; New York University; New York NY USA
| | - Paulo G. Coelho
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics; New York University; New York NY USA
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13
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He W, Andersson M, de Souza PPC, de Souza Costa CA, Muñoz EM, Schwartz-Filho HO, Hayashi M, Hemdal A, Fredel A, Wennerberg A, Jimbo R. Osteogenesis-inducing calcium phosphate nanoparticle precursors applied to titanium surfaces. Biomed Mater 2013; 8:035007. [PMID: 23558249 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/8/3/035007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of the morphology and physicochemical properties of calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles on osteogenesis. Two types of CaP nanoparticles were compared, namely amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) nano-spheres (diameter: 9-13 nm) and poorly crystalline apatite (PCA) nano-needles (30-50 nm × 2-4 nm) that closely resemble bone apatite. CaP particles were spin-coated onto titanium discs and implants; they were evaluated in cultured mouse calvarial osteoblasts, as well as after implantation in rabbit femurs. A significant dependence of CaP coatings was observed in osteoblast-related gene expression (Runx2, Col1a1 and Spp1). Specifically, the PCA group presented an up-regulation of the osteospecific genes, while the ACP group suppressed the Runx2 and Col1a1 expression when compared to blank titanium substrates. Both the ACP and PCA groups presented a more than three-fold increase of calcium deposition, as suggested by Alizarin red staining. The removal torque results implied a slight tendency in favour of the PCA group. Different forms of CaP nanostructures presented different biologic differences; the obtained information can be used to optimize surface coatings on biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao He
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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14
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Galli C, Piemontese M, Ravanetti F, Lumetti S, Passeri G, Gandolfini M, Macaluso GM. Effect of surface treatment on cell responses to grades 4 and 5 titanium for orthodontic mini-implants. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2012; 141:705-14. [PMID: 22640672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2011.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mini-implants are used to improve orthodontic anchorage, but optimal composition and surface characteristics have yet to be determined. We investigated the behavior of osteoblast-like cells on grade 4 commercially pure titanium and grade 5 titanium alloy with different surface treatments for mini-implants. METHODS MC3T3 cells were plated on machined, acid-etched, or acid-etched grade 4 titanium enriched with calcium phosphate, or machined, anodized, or anodized and calcium phosphate-enriched grade 5 titanium disks. Surface and cell morphologies were assessed by scanning electron microscopy. Cell viability was measured by chemiluminescence, cytoskeletal organization was investigated by immunofluorescence, and real-time polymerase chain reaction for osteoblast-specific genes was performed to measure cell differentiation. RESULTS Flattened shapes and strong stress fibers were observed on the machined surfaces; cells on the rough surfaces had a spindle shape, with lower cytoskeletal polarization. Cell proliferation was highest on smooth grade 4 titanium surfaces, whereas cells quickly reached a plateau on rough grade 4 titanium; no difference was observed after 72 hours in the grade 5 titanium groups. Calcium phosphate enrichment on grade 4 titanium significantly increased the messenger RNA levels for alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. Osteoblastic markers were higher on the grade 5 titanium machined surfaces than on the rough surfaces, and comparable with acid-etched grade 4 titanium. CONCLUSIONS Although the grade 4 titanium enriched with calcium phosphate had the highest level of differentiation in vitro, the grade 5 titanium machined surfaces supported cell proliferation and matrix synthesis, and induced high expression of early differentiation markers. Increased mechanical resistance of grade 5 titanium makes it a potential candidate for orthodontic mini-implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Galli
- Section of Odontostomatologia, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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Sverzut AT, de Albuquerque GC, Crippa GE, Chiesa R, Valle CD, de Oliveira PT, Beloti MM, Rosa AL. Bone tissue, cellular, and molecular responses to titanium implants treated by anodic spark deposition. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:3092-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Wang QQ, Ma N, Jiang B, Gu ZW, Yang BC. Preparation of a HA/collagen film on a bioactive titanium surface by the electrochemical deposition method. Biomed Mater 2011; 6:055009. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/6/5/055009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Wang QQ, Li W, Yang BC. Regulation on the biocompatibility of bioactive titanium metals by type I collagen. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 99:125-34. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Perfusion electrodeposition of calcium phosphate on additive manufactured titanium scaffolds for bone engineering. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:2310-9. [PMID: 21215337 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A perfusion electrodeposition (P-ELD) system was reported to functionalize additive manufactured Ti6Al4V scaffolds with a calcium phosphate (CaP) coating in a controlled and reproducible manner. The effects and interactions of four main process parameters - current density (I), deposition time (t), flow rate (f) and process temperature (T) - on the properties of the CaP coating were investigated. The results showed a direct relation between the parameters and the deposited CaP mass, with a significant effect for t (P=0.001) and t-f interaction (P=0.019). Computational fluid dynamic analysis showed a relatively low electrolyte velocity within the struts and a high velocity in the open areas within the P-ELD chamber, which were not influenced by a change in f. This is beneficial for promoting a controlled CaP deposition and hydrogen gas removal. Optimization studies showed that a minimum t of 6 h was needed to obtain complete coating of the scaffold regardless of I, and the thickness was increased by increasing I and t. Energy-dispersive X-ray and X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the deposition of highly crystalline synthetic carbonated hydroxyapatite under all conditions (Ca/P ratio=1.41). High cell viability and cell-material interactions were demonstrated by in vitro culture of human periosteum derived cells on coated scaffolds. This study showed that P-ELD provides a technological tool to functionalize complex scaffold structures with a biocompatible CaP layer that has controlled and reproducible physicochemical properties suitable for bone engineering.
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Liu L, Song LN, Yang GL, Zhao SF, He FM. Fabrication, characterization, and biological assessment of multilayer DNA coatings on sandblasted-dual acid etched titanium surface. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 97:300-10. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2010] [Revised: 10/02/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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