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Janssen ML, Liu T, Özel M, Bril M, Prasad Thelu HV, E Kieltyka R. Dynamic Exchange in 3D Cell Culture Hydrogels Based on Crosslinking of Cyclic Thiosulfinates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314738. [PMID: 38055926 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic polymer materials are highly valued substrates for 3D cell culture due to their viscoelasticity, a time-dependent mechanical property that can be tuned to resemble the energy dissipation of native tissues. Herein, we report the coupling of a cyclic thiosulfinate, mono-S-oxo-4-methyl asparagusic acid, to a 4-arm PEG-OH to prepare a disulfide-based dynamic covalent hydrogel with the addition of 4-arm PEG-thiol. Ring opening of the cyclic thiosulfinate by nucleophilic substitution results in the rapid formation of a network showing a viscoelastic fluid-like behaviour and relaxation rates modulated by thiol content through thiol-disulfide exchange, whereas its viscoelastic behaviour upon application as a small molecule linear crosslinker is solid-like. Further introduction of 4-arm PEG-vinylsulfone in the network yields a hydrogel with weeks-long cell culture stability, permitting 3D culture of cell types that lack robust proliferation, such as human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs). These cells display native behaviours such as cell elongation and spontaneous beating as a function of the hydrogel's mechanical properties. We demonstrate that the mode of dynamic cyclic thiosulfinate crosslinker presentation within the network can result in different stress relaxation profiles, opening the door to model tissues with disparate mechanics in 3D cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel L Janssen
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tingxian Liu
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mertcan Özel
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Bril
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hari Veera Prasad Thelu
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roxanne E Kieltyka
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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2
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Estrada Mira S, García-Briega MI, Gómez Ribelles JL, Restrepo Munera LM. Viscoelastic Properties of Acellular Matrices of Porcine Esophageal Mucosa and Comparison with Acellular Matrices of Porcine Small Intestine Submucosa and Bovine Pericardium. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:134. [PMID: 38203987 PMCID: PMC10779732 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the viscoelastic properties of a decellularized mesh from the porcine esophagus, prepared by our group, with two commercial acellular tissues derived from porcine small intestine submucosa and bovine pericardium for use in medical devices. The tissues' viscoelastic properties were characterized by creep tests in tension, applying the load in the direction of the fibers or the transverse direction, and also by dynamic-shear mechanical tests between parallel plates or in tension at frequencies between 0.1 and 35 Hz. All the tests were performed in triplicate at a constant temperature of 37 °C immersed in distilled water. The tissues' surface and cross-sectional microstructure were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to characterize the orientation of the fibers. The matrices of the porcine esophagus present an elastic modulus in the order of 60 MPa when loaded in the longitudinal direction while those of the porcine intestine submucosa and bovine pericardium have an elastic modulus below 5 MPa. Nevertheless, the shear modulus of bovine pericardium nearly triplicates that of the esophageal matrix. The viscoelasticity of decellularized esophageal mucosa is characterized by a fast change in the creep compliance with time. The slope of the creep curve in the double logarithmic plot is twice that of the control samples. These results are consistent with the microstructure observed under electron microscopy regarding the orientation of the fibers that make up the matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Estrada Mira
- Tissue Engineering and Cells Therapy Group (GITTC), School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia; (S.E.M.); (L.M.R.M.)
- Cell Therapy and Biobank, Alma Mater Hospital of Antioquia, University of Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - María Inmaculada García-Briega
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Gómez Ribelles
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luz M. Restrepo Munera
- Tissue Engineering and Cells Therapy Group (GITTC), School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia; (S.E.M.); (L.M.R.M.)
- Cell Therapy and Biobank, Alma Mater Hospital of Antioquia, University of Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
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3
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Chang Z, Zhang J, Liu Y, Gao H, Xu GK. New Mechanical Markers for Tracking the Progression of Myocardial Infarction. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7350-7357. [PMID: 37580044 PMCID: PMC10450805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of soft tissues can often be strongly correlated with the progression of various diseases, such as myocardial infarction (MI). However, the dynamic mechanical properties of cardiac tissues during MI progression remain poorly understood. Herein, we investigate the rheological responses of cardiac tissues at different stages of MI (i.e., early-stage, mid-stage, and late-stage) with atomic force microscopy-based microrheology. Surprisingly, we discover that all cardiac tissues exhibit a universal two-stage power-law rheological behavior at different time scales. The experimentally found power-law exponents can capture an inconspicuous initial rheological change, making them particularly suitable as markers for early-stage MI diagnosis. We further develop a self-similar hierarchical model to characterize the progressive mechanical changes from subcellular to tissue scales. The theoretically calculated mechanical indexes are found to markedly vary among different stages of MI. These new mechanical markers are applicable for tracking the subtle changes of cardiac tissues during MI progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chang
- Laboratory
for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science, State Key Laboratory
for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace
Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department
of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061, China
| | - Yilun Liu
- Laboratory
for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science, State Key Laboratory
for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace
Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Huajian Gao
- School
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Institute
of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Guang-Kui Xu
- Laboratory
for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science, State Key Laboratory
for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace
Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
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4
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Narciso M, Martínez Á, Júnior C, Díaz-Valdivia N, Ulldemolins A, Berardi M, Neal K, Navajas D, Farré R, Alcaraz J, Almendros I, Gavara N. Lung Micrometastases Display ECM Depletion and Softening While Macrometastases Are 30-Fold Stiffer and Enriched in Fibronectin. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082404. [PMID: 37190331 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical changes in tumors have long been linked to increased malignancy and therapy resistance and attributed to mechanical changes in the tumor extracellular matrix (ECM). However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no mechanical studies on decellularized tumors. Here, we studied the biochemical and mechanical progression of the tumor ECM in two models of lung metastases: lung carcinoma (CAR) and melanoma (MEL). We decellularized the metastatic lung sections, measured the micromechanics of the tumor ECM, and stained the sections for ECM proteins, proliferation, and cell death markers. The same methodology was applied to MEL mice treated with the clinically approved anti-fibrotic drug nintedanib. When compared to healthy ECM (~0.40 kPa), CAR and MEL lung macrometastases produced a highly dense and stiff ECM (1.79 ± 1.32 kPa, CAR and 6.39 ± 3.37 kPa, MEL). Fibronectin was overexpressed from the early stages (~118%) to developed macrometastases (~260%) in both models. Surprisingly, nintedanib caused a 4-fold increase in ECM-occupied tumor area (5.1 ± 1.6% to 18.6 ± 8.9%) and a 2-fold in-crease in ECM stiffness (6.39 ± 3.37 kPa to 12.35 ± 5.74 kPa). This increase in stiffness strongly correlated with an increase in necrosis, which reveals a potential link between tumor hypoxia and ECM deposition and stiffness. Our findings highlight fibronectin and tumor ECM mechanics as attractive targets in cancer therapy and support the need to identify new anti-fibrotic drugs to abrogate aberrant ECM mechanics in metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Narciso
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- The Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - África Martínez
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Constança Júnior
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- The Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Díaz-Valdivia
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- The Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Ulldemolins
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Massimiliano Berardi
- LaserLab, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Optics11, Hettenheuvelweg 37-39, 1101 BM Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kate Neal
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Navajas
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- The Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 08036 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramon Farré
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 08036 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Alcaraz
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- The Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isaac Almendros
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 08036 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Gavara
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- The Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Cameron AP, Gao S, Liu Y, Zhao CX. Impact of hydrogel biophysical properties on tumor spheroid growth and drug response. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 149:213421. [PMID: 37060634 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a critical role in regulating cell-matrix interactions during tumor progression. These interactions are due in large part to the biophysical properties responding to cancer cell interactions. Within in vitro models, the ECM is mimicked by hydrogels, which possess adjustable biophysical properties that are integral to tumor development. This work presents a systematic and comparative study on the impact of the biophysical properties of two widely used natural hydrogels, Matrigel and collagen gel, on tumor growth and drug response. The biophysical properties of Matrigel and collagen including complex modulus, loss tangent, diffusive permeability, and pore size, were characterised. Then the spheroid growth rates in these two hydrogels were monitored for spheroids with two different sizes (140 μm and 500 μm in diameters). An increased migratory growth was observed in the lower concentration of both the gels. The effect of spheroid incorporation within the hydrogel had a minimal impact on the hydrogel's complex modulus. Finally, 3D tumor models using different concentrations of hydrogels were applied for drug treatment using paclitaxel. Spheroids cultured in hydrogels with different concentrations showed different drug response, demonstrating the significant effect of the choice of hydrogels and their concentrations on the drug response results despite using the same spheroids. This study provides useful insights into the effect of hydrogel biophysical properties on spheroid growth and drug response and highlights the importance of hydrogel selection and in vitro model design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Cameron
- Australian institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Song Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Yun Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Chun-Xia Zhao
- Australian institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
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6
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Miller L, Penta R. Investigating the effects of microstructural changes induced by myocardial infarction on the elastic parameters of the heart. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2023; 22:1019-1033. [PMID: 36867283 PMCID: PMC10167178 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01698-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Within this work, we investigate how physiologically observed microstructural changes induced by myocardial infarction impact the elastic parameters of the heart. We use the LMRP model for poroelastic composites (Miller and Penta in Contin Mech Thermodyn 32:1533-1557, 2020) to describe the microstructure of the myocardium and investigate microstructural changes such as loss of myocyte volume and increased matrix fibrosis as well as increased myocyte volume fraction in the areas surrounding the infarct. We also consider a 3D framework to model the myocardium microstructure with the addition of the intercalated disks, which provide the connections between adjacent myocytes. The results of our simulations agree with the physiological observations that can be made post-infarction. That is, the infarcted heart is much stiffer than the healthy heart but with reperfusion of the tissue it begins to soften. We also observe that with the increase in myocyte volume of the non-damaged myocytes the myocardium also begins to soften. With a measurable stiffness parameter the results of our model simulations could predict the range of porosity (reperfusion) that could help return the heart to the healthy stiffness. It would also be possible to predict the volume of the myocytes in the area surrounding the infarct from the overall stiffness measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Miller
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, University Place, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Raimondo Penta
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, University Place, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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7
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Karkali K, Jorba I, Navajas D, Martin-Blanco E. Measuring ventral nerve cord stiffness in live flat-dissected Drosophila embryos by atomic force microscopy. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101901. [PMID: 36595903 PMCID: PMC9732408 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila is an amenable system for addressing the mechanics of morphogenesis. We describe a workflow for characterizing the mechanical properties of its ventral nerve cord (VNC), at different developmental stages, in live, flat-dissected embryos employing atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM is performed with spherical probes, and stiffness (Young's modulus) is calculated by fitting force curves with Hertz's contact model. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Karkali et al. (2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Karkali
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,Corresponding author
| | - Ignasi Jorba
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain,Facultat de Medicina i Ciencies de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain,Corresponding author
| | - Daniel Navajas
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain,Facultat de Medicina i Ciencies de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Martin-Blanco
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Dooling LJ, Saini K, Anlaş AA, Discher DE. Tissue mechanics coevolves with fibrillar matrisomes in healthy and fibrotic tissues. Matrix Biol 2022; 111:153-188. [PMID: 35764212 PMCID: PMC9990088 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibrillar proteins are principal components of extracellular matrix (ECM) that confer mechanical properties to tissues. Fibrosis can result from wound repair in nearly every tissue in adults, and it associates with increased ECM density and crosslinking as well as increased tissue stiffness. Such fibrotic tissues are a major biomedical challenge, and an emerging view posits that the altered mechanical environment supports both synthetic and contractile myofibroblasts in a state of persistent activation. Here, we review the matrisome in several fibrotic diseases, as well as normal tissues, with a focus on physicochemical properties. Stiffness generally increases with the abundance of fibrillar collagens, the major constituent of ECM, with similar mathematical trends for fibrosis as well as adult tissues from soft brain to stiff bone and heart development. Changes in expression of other core matrisome and matrisome-associated proteins or proteoglycans contribute to tissue stiffening in fibrosis by organizing collagen, crosslinking ECM, and facilitating adhesion of myofibroblasts. Understanding how ECM composition and mechanics coevolve during fibrosis can lead to better models and help with antifibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence J Dooling
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Karanvir Saini
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alişya A Anlaş
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dennis E Discher
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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9
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Méndez M, Fabregues F, Ferreri J, Calafell JM, Villarino A, Otero J, Farre R, Carmona F. Biomechanical characteristics of the ovarian cortex in POI patients and functional outcomes after drug-free IVA. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39:1759-1767. [PMID: 35904669 PMCID: PMC9428073 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02579-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There is increasing evidence that the ovarian extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a critical role in follicle development. The rigidity of the cortical ECM limits expansion of the follicle and consequently oocyte maturation, maintaining the follicle in its quiescent state. Quiescent primordial, primary, and secondary follicles still exist in primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) patients, and techniques as in vitro activation (IVA) and drug-free IVA have recently been developed aiming to activate these follicles based on the Hippo signaling disruption that is essential in mechanotransduction. In this context, we analyze the effect of drug-free IVA in POI patients, comparing the relationship between possible resumption ovarian function and biomechanical properties of ovarian tissue. METHODS Nineteen POI patients according to ESHRE criteria who underwent drug-free IVA by laparoscopy between January 2018 and December 2019 and were followed up for a year after the intervention. A sample of ovarian cortex taken during the intervention was analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in order to quantitatively measure tissue stiffness (Young's elastic modulus, E) at the micrometer scale. Functional outcomes after drug-free were analyzed. RESULTS Resumption of ovarian function was observed in 10 patients (52.6%) and two of them became pregnant with live births. There were no differences in clinical characteristics (age and duration of amenorrhea) and basal hormone parameters (FSH and AMH) depending on whether or not there was activation after surgery. However, ovarian cortex stiffness was significantly greater in patients with ovarian activity after drug-free IVA: median E = 5519 Pa (2260-11,296) vs 1501 (999-3474); p-value < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS Biomechanical properties of ovarian cortex in POI patients have a great variability, and higher ovarian tissue stiffness entails a more favorable status when drug-free IVA is applied in their treatment. This status is probably related to an ovary with more residual follicles, which would explain a greater possibility of ovarian follicular reactivations after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Méndez
- Institute of Gynaecology Obstetrics and Neonatology (ICGON), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F. Fabregues
- Institute of Gynaecology Obstetrics and Neonatology (ICGON), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ,August Pi Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Ferreri
- Institute of Gynaecology Obstetrics and Neonatology (ICGON), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. M. Calafell
- Institute of Gynaecology Obstetrics and Neonatology (ICGON), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Villarino
- Biophysics and Bioengineering Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Otero
- Biophysics and Bioengineering Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - R. Farre
- August Pi Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain ,Biophysics and Bioengineering Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Carmona
- Institute of Gynaecology Obstetrics and Neonatology (ICGON), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ,August Pi Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Cameron AP, Zeng B, Liu Y, Wang H, Soheilmoghaddam F, Cooper-White J, Zhao CX. Biophysical properties of hydrogels for mimicking tumor extracellular matrix. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 136:212782. [PMID: 35929332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an essential component of the tumor microenvironment. It plays a critical role in regulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. However, there is lack of systematic and comparative studies on different widely-used ECM mimicking hydrogels and their properties, making the selection of suitable hydrogels for mimicking different in vivo conditions quite random. This study systematically evaluates the biophysical attributes of three widely used natural hydrogels (Matrigel, collagen gel and agarose gel) including complex modulus, loss tangent, diffusive permeability and pore size. A new and facile method was developed combining Critical Point Drying, Scanning Electron Microscopy imaging and a MATLAB image processing program (CSM method) for the characterization of hydrogel microstructures. This CSM method allows accurate measurement of the hydrogel pore size down to nanometer resolution. Furthermore, a microfluidic device was implemented to measure the hydrogel permeability (Pd) as a function of particle size and gel concentration. Among the three gels, collagen gel has the lowest complex modulus, medium pore size, and the highest loss tangent. Agarose gel exhibits the highest complex modulus, the lowest loss tangent and the smallest pore size. Collagen gel and Matrigel produced complex moduli close to that estimated for cancer ECM. The Pd of these hydrogels decreases significantly with the increase of particle size. By assessing different hydrogels' biophysical characteristics, this study provides valuable insights for tailoring their properties for various three-dimensional cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Cameron
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bijun Zeng
- Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yun Liu
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Haofei Wang
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Farhad Soheilmoghaddam
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Justin Cooper-White
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Chun-Xia Zhao
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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11
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Goonoo N. Tunable Biomaterials for Myocardial Tissue Regeneration: Promising New Strategies for Advanced Biointerface Control and Improved Therapeutic Outcomes. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:1626-1646. [DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01641e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Following myocardial infarction (MI) and the natural healing process, the cardiac mechanostructure changes significantly leading to reduced contractile ability and putting additional pressure on the heart muscle thereby increasing the...
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Rubí-Sans G, Nyga A, Rebollo E, Pérez-Amodio S, Otero J, Navajas D, Mateos-Timoneda MA, Engel E. Development of Cell-Derived Matrices for Three-Dimensional In Vitro Cancer Cell Models. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:44108-44123. [PMID: 34494824 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Most morphogenetic and pathological processes are driven by cells responding to the surrounding matrix, such as its composition, architecture, and mechanical properties. Despite increasing evidence for the role of extracellular matrix (ECM) in tissue and disease development, many in vitro substitutes still fail to effectively mimic the native microenvironment. We established a novel method to produce macroscale (>1 cm) mesenchymal cell-derived matrices (CDMs) aimed to mimic the fibrotic tumor microenvironment surrounding epithelial cancer cells. CDMs are produced by human adipose mesenchymal stem cells cultured in sacrificial 3D scaffold templates of fibronectin-coated poly-lactic acid microcarriers (MCs) in the presence of macromolecular crowders. We showed that decellularized CDMs closely mimic the fibrillar protein composition, architecture, and mechanical properties of human fibrotic ECM from cancer masses. CDMs had highly reproducible composition made of collagen types I and III and fibronectin ECM with tunable mechanical properties. Moreover, decellularized and MC-free CDMs were successfully repopulated with cancer cells throughout their 3D structure, and following chemotherapeutic treatment, cancer cells showed greater doxorubicin resistance compared to 3D culture in collagen hydrogels. Collectively, these results support the use of CDMs as a reproducible and tunable tool for developing 3D in vitro cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Rubí-Sans
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Agata Nyga
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Elena Rebollo
- Molecular Imaging Platform, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Soledad Pérez-Amodio
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
- IMEM-BRT group, Department of Materials Science, EEBE, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - Jorge Otero
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Daniel Navajas
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Miguel A Mateos-Timoneda
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès (Barcelona) 08195, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Engel
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
- IMEM-BRT group, Department of Materials Science, EEBE, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona 08019, Spain
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Bioprintable Lung Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel Scaffolds for 3D Culture of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142350. [PMID: 34301107 PMCID: PMC8309540 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based cell therapy in acute respiratory diseases is based on MSC secretion of paracrine factors. Several strategies have proposed to improve this are being explored including pre-conditioning the MSCs prior to administration. We here propose a strategy for improving the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs based on cell preconditioning by growing them in native extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from the lung. To this end, a bioink with tunable stiffness based on decellularized porcine lung ECM hydrogels was developed and characterized. The bioink was suitable for 3D culturing of lung-resident MSCs without the need for additional chemical or physical crosslinking. MSCs showed good viability, and contraction assays showed the existence of cell–matrix interactions in the bioprinted scaffolds. Adhesion capacity and length of the focal adhesions formed were increased for the cells cultured within the lung hydrogel scaffolds. Also, there was more than a 20-fold increase of the expression of the CXCR4 receptor in the 3D-cultured cells compared to the cells cultured in plastic. Secretion of cytokines when cultured in an in vitro model of lung injury showed a decreased secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators for the cells cultured in the 3D scaffolds. Moreover, the morphology of the harvested cells was markedly different with respect to conventionally (2D) cultured MSCs. In conclusion, the developed bioink can be used to bioprint structures aimed to improve preconditioning MSCs for therapeutic purposes.
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Sanz-Fraile H, Amoros S, Mendizabal I, Galvez-Monton C, Prat-Vidal C, Bayes-Genis A, Navajas D, Farre R, Otero J. Silk-Reinforced Collagen Hydrogels with Raised Multiscale Stiffness for Mesenchymal Cells 3D Culture. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 26:358-370. [PMID: 32085691 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I collagen hydrogels are of high interest in tissue engineering. With the evolution of 3D bioprinting technologies, a high number of collagen-based scaffolds have been reported for the development of 3D cell cultures. A recent proposal was to mix collagen with silk fibroin derived from Bombyx mori silkworm. Nevertheless, due to the difficulties in the preparation and the characteristics of the protein, several problems such as phase separation and collagen denaturation appear during the procedure. Therefore, the common solution is to diminish the concentration of collagen although in that way the most biologically relevant component is reduced. In this study, we present a new, simple, and effective method to develop a collagen-silk hybrid hydrogel with high collagen concentration and with increased stiffness approaching that of natural tissues, which could be of high interest for the development of cardiac patches for myocardial regeneration and for preconditioning of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to improve their therapeutic potential. Sericin in the silk was preserved by using a physical solubilizing procedure that results in a preserved fibrous structure of type I collagen, as shown by ultrastructural imaging. The macro- and micromechanical properties of the hybrid hydrogels measured by tensile stretch and atomic force microscopy, respectively, showed a more than twofold stiffening than the collagen-only hydrogels. Rheological measurements showed improved printability properties for the developed biomaterial. The suitability of the hydrogels for 3D cell culture was assessed by 3D bioprinting bone marrow-derived MSCs cultured within the scaffolds. The result was a biomaterial with improved printability characteristics that better resembled the mechanical properties of natural soft tissues while preserving biocompatibility owing to the high concentration of collagen. Impact statement In this study, we report the development of silk microfiber-reinforced type I collagen hydrogels for 3D bioprinting and cell culture. In contrast with previously reported studies, a novel physical method allowed the preservation of the silk sericin protein. Hydrogels were stable, showed no phase separation between the biomaterials, and they presented improved printability. An increase between two- and threefold of the multiscale stiffness of the scaffolds was achieved with no need of using additional crosslinkers or complex methods, which could be of high relevance for cardiac patches development and for preconditioning mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for therapeutic applications. We demonstrate that bone marrow-derived MSCs can be effectively bioprinted and 3D cultured within the stiffened structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Sanz-Fraile
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Amoros
- ICREC Research Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Irene Mendizabal
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Galvez-Monton
- ICREC Research Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Hearth Institute (iCor), Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain.,CIBER Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Prat-Vidal
- ICREC Research Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Hearth Institute (iCor), Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain.,CIBER Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Antoni Bayes-Genis
- ICREC Research Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Hearth Institute (iCor), Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain.,CIBER Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Navajas
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Farre
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Otero
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Wang C, Yang X, Zhang X, Liu B, Liu W, Shen Y, Gao Z, Yin Q, Wang C, Zhou J. TMT-based quantitative proteome profiles reveal the memory function of a whole heart decellularized matrix for neural stem cell trans-differentiation into the cardiac lineage. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:3692-3704. [PMID: 34008595 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01287d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Whole organ or tissue decellularized matrices are a promising scaffold for tissue engineering because they maintain the specific memory of the original organ or tissue. A whole organ or tissue decellularized matrix contains extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and exhibits ultrastructural and mechanical properties, which could significantly regulate the fate of stem cells. To better understand the memory function of whole organ decellularized matrices, we constructed a heart decellularized matrix and seeded cross-embryonic layer stem cells - neural stem cells (NSCs) to repopulate the matrix, engineering cardiac tissue, in which a large number of NSCs differentiated into the neural lineage, but besides that, NSCs showed an obvious tendency of trans-differentiating into cardiac lineage cells. The results demonstrated that the whole heart decellularized microenvironment possesses memory function. To reveal the underlying mechanism, TMT-based quantitative proteomics analysis was used to identify the differently expressed proteins in the whole heart decellularized matrix compared with a brain decellularized matrix. 937 of the proteins changed over 1.5 fold, with 573 of the proteins downregulated and 374 of the proteins upregulated, among which integrin ligands in the ECM serve as key signals in regulating NSC fate. The findings here provide a novel insight into the memory function of tissue-specific microenvironments and pave the way for the therapeutic application of personalized tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyong Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Rd, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Xiaoning Yang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Rd, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Rd, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Baijun Liu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Rd, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Rd, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Yuan Shen
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Rd, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Zhongbao Gao
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Rd, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Qi Yin
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Rd, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Chunlan Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Rd, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Jin Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Rd, Beijing 100850, PR China.
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Li M, Xi N, Wang YC, Liu LQ. Atomic force microscopy for revealing micro/nanoscale mechanics in tumor metastasis: from single cells to microenvironmental cues. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:323-339. [PMID: 32807839 PMCID: PMC8027022 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0494-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanics are intrinsic properties which appears throughout the formation, development, and aging processes of biological systems. Mechanics have been shown to play important roles in regulating the development and metastasis of tumors, and understanding tumor mechanics has emerged as a promising way to reveal the underlying mechanisms guiding tumor behaviors. In particular, tumors are highly complex diseases associated with multifaceted factors, including alterations in cancerous cells, tissues, and organs as well as microenvironmental cues, indicating that investigating tumor mechanics on multiple levels is significantly helpful for comprehensively understanding the effects of mechanics on tumor progression. Recently, diverse techniques have been developed for probing the mechanics of tumors, among which atomic force microscopy (AFM) has appeared as an excellent platform enabling simultaneously characterizing the structures and mechanical properties of living biological systems ranging from individual molecules and cells to tissue samples with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution, offering novel possibilities for understanding tumor physics and contributing much to the studies of cancer. In this review, we survey the recent progress that has been achieved with the use of AFM for revealing micro/nanoscale mechanics in tumor development and metastasis. Challenges and future progress are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110169, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ning Xi
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yue-Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110169, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lian-Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110169, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Jorba I, Mostert D, Hermans LH, van der Pol A, Kurniawan NA, Bouten CV. In Vitro Methods to Model Cardiac Mechanobiology in Health and Disease. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2021; 27:139-151. [PMID: 33514281 PMCID: PMC7984657 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2020.0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro cardiac modeling has taken great strides in the past decade. While most cell and engineered tissue models have focused on cell and tissue contractile function as readouts, mechanobiological cues from the cell environment that affect this function, such as matrix stiffness or organization, are less well explored. In this study, we review two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) models of cardiac function that allow for systematic manipulation or precise control of mechanobiological cues under simulated (patho)physiological conditions while acquiring multiple readouts of cell and tissue function. We summarize the cell types used in these models and highlight the importance of linking 2D and 3D models to address the multiscale organization and mechanical behavior. Finally, we provide directions on how to advance in vitro modeling for cardiac mechanobiology using next generation hydrogels that mimic mechanical and structural environmental features at different length scales and diseased cell types, along with the development of new tissue fabrication and readout techniques. Impact statement Understanding the impact of mechanobiology in cardiac (patho)physiology is essential for developing effective tissue regeneration and drug discovery strategies and requires detailed cause-effect studies. The development of three-dimensional in vitro models allows for such studies with high experimental control, while integrating knowledge from complementary cell culture models and in vivo studies for this purpose. Complemented by the use of human-induced pluripotent stem cells, with or without predisposed genetic diseases, these in vitro models will offer promising outlooks to delineate the impact of mechanobiological cues on human cardiac (patho)physiology in a dish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Jorba
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dylan Mostert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Leon H.L. Hermans
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Atze van der Pol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas A. Kurniawan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn V.C. Bouten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Islam MR, Virag J, Oyen ML. Micromechanical poroelastic and viscoelastic properties of ex-vivo soft tissues. J Biomech 2020; 113:110090. [PMID: 33176223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.110090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soft biological tissues demonstrate strong time-dependent mechanical behavior, arising from their intrinsic viscoelasticity and fluid flow-induced poroelasticity. It is increasingly recognized that time-dependent mechanical properties of soft tissues influence their physiological functions and are linked to several pathological processes. Nevertheless, soft tissue time-dependent characteristics, especially their micromechanical variation with tissue composition and location, remain poorly understood. Nanoindentation is a well-established technique to measure local elastic properties but has not been fully explored to determine micro-scale time-dependent properties of soft tissues. Here, a nanoindentation-based experimental strategy is implemented to characterize the micro-scale poroelastic and viscoelastic behavior of mouse heart, kidney, and liver tissues. It is demonstrated that heart tissue exhibits substantial mechanical heterogeneity where the elastic modulus varies spatially from 1 to 30 kPa. In contrast, both kidney and liver tissues show relatively homogeneous response with elastic modulus 0.5-3 kPa. All three tissues demonstrate marked load relaxation under constant indentation, where the relaxation behavior is observed to be largely dominated by tissue viscoelasticity. Intrinsic permeability varies among different tissues, where heart tissue is found to be less permeable compared to kidney and liver tissues. Overall, the results presented herein provide key insights into the time-dependent micromechanical behavior of different tissues and can therefore contribute to studies of tissue pathology and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R Islam
- Department of Engineering, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Jitka Virag
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Michelle L Oyen
- Department of Engineering, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States.
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Nanoengineering in Cardiac Regeneration: Looking Back and Going Forward. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10081587. [PMID: 32806691 PMCID: PMC7466652 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To deliver on the promise of cardiac regeneration, an integration process between an emerging field, nanomedicine, and a more consolidated one, tissue engineering, has begun. Our work aims at summarizing some of the most relevant prevailing cases of nanotechnological approaches applied to tissue engineering with a specific interest in cardiac regenerative medicine, as well as delineating some of the most compelling forthcoming orientations. Specifically, this review starts with a brief statement on the relevant clinical need, and then debates how nanotechnology can be combined with tissue engineering in the scope of mimicking a complex tissue like the myocardium and its natural extracellular matrix (ECM). The interaction of relevant stem, precursor, and differentiated cardiac cells with nanoengineered scaffolds is thoroughly presented. Another correspondingly relevant area of experimental study enclosing both nanotechnology and cardiac regeneration, e.g., nanoparticle applications in cardiac tissue engineering, is also discussed.
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Montero P, Flandes-Iparraguirre M, Musquiz S, Pérez Araluce M, Plano D, Sanmartín C, Orive G, Gavira JJ, Prosper F, Mazo MM. Cells, Materials, and Fabrication Processes for Cardiac Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:955. [PMID: 32850768 PMCID: PMC7431658 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the number one killer worldwide, with myocardial infarction (MI) responsible for approximately 1 in 6 deaths. The lack of endogenous regenerative capacity, added to the deleterious remodelling programme set into motion by myocardial necrosis, turns MI into a progressively debilitating disease, which current pharmacological therapy cannot halt. The advent of Regenerative Therapies over 2 decades ago kick-started a whole new scientific field whose aim was to prevent or even reverse the pathological processes of MI. As a highly dynamic organ, the heart displays a tight association between 3D structure and function, with the non-cellular components, mainly the cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), playing both fundamental active and passive roles. Tissue engineering aims to reproduce this tissue architecture and function in order to fabricate replicas able to mimic or even substitute damaged organs. Recent advances in cell reprogramming and refinement of methods for additive manufacturing have played a critical role in the development of clinically relevant engineered cardiovascular tissues. This review focuses on the generation of human cardiac tissues for therapy, paying special attention to human pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives. We provide a perspective on progress in regenerative medicine from the early stages of cell therapy to the present day, as well as an overview of cellular processes, materials and fabrication strategies currently under investigation. Finally, we summarise current clinical applications and reflect on the most urgent needs and gaps to be filled for efficient translation to the clinical arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Montero
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Flandes-Iparraguirre
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Saioa Musquiz
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country – UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María Pérez Araluce
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Plano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country – UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology – UIRMI (UPV/EHU – Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juan José Gavira
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Manuel M. Mazo
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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21
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Davidson MD, Burdick JA, Wells RG. Engineered Biomaterial Platforms to Study Fibrosis. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901682. [PMID: 32181987 PMCID: PMC7274888 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many pathologic conditions lead to the development of tissue scarring and fibrosis, which are characterized by the accumulation of abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) and changes in tissue mechanical properties. Cells within fibrotic tissues are exposed to dynamic microenvironments that may promote or prolong fibrosis, which makes it difficult to treat. Biomaterials have proved indispensable to better understand how cells sense their extracellular environment and are now being employed to study fibrosis in many tissues. As mechanical testing of tissues becomes more routine and biomaterial tools become more advanced, the impact of biophysical factors in fibrosis are beginning to be understood. Herein, fibrosis from a materials perspective is reviewed, including the role and mechanical properties of ECM components, the spatiotemporal mechanical changes that occur during fibrosis, current biomaterial systems to study fibrosis, and emerging biomaterial systems and tools that can further the understanding of fibrosis initiation and progression. This review concludes by highlighting considerations in promoting wide-spread use of biomaterials for fibrosis investigations and by suggesting future in vivo studies that it is hoped will inspire the development of even more advanced biomaterial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Davidson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jason A Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca G Wells
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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22
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Levato R, Jungst T, Scheuring RG, Blunk T, Groll J, Malda J. From Shape to Function: The Next Step in Bioprinting. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906423. [PMID: 32045053 PMCID: PMC7116209 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In 2013, the "biofabrication window" was introduced to reflect the processing challenge for the fields of biofabrication and bioprinting. At that time, the lack of printable materials that could serve as cell-laden bioinks, as well as the limitations of printing and assembly methods, presented a major constraint. However, recent developments have now resulted in the availability of a plethora of bioinks, new printing approaches, and the technological advancement of established techniques. Nevertheless, it remains largely unknown which materials and technical parameters are essential for the fabrication of intrinsically hierarchical cell-material constructs that truly mimic biologically functional tissue. In order to achieve this, it is urged that the field now shift its focus from materials and technologies toward the biological development of the resulting constructs. Therefore, herein, the recent material and technological advances since the introduction of the biofabrication window are briefly summarized, i.e., approaches how to generate shape, to then focus the discussion on how to acquire the biological function within this context. In particular, a vision of how biological function can evolve from the possibility to determine shape is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Levato
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tomasz Jungst
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ruben G Scheuring
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Blunk
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Juergen Groll
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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23
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Otero J, Navajas D, Alcaraz J. Characterization of the elastic properties of extracellular matrix models by atomic force microscopy. Methods Cell Biol 2019; 156:59-83. [PMID: 32222227 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tissue elasticity is a critical regulator of cell behavior in normal and diseased conditions like fibrosis and cancer. Since the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a major regulator of tissue elasticity and function, several ECM-based models have emerged in the last decades, including in vitro endogenous ECM, decellularized tissue ECM and ECM hydrogels. The development of such models has urged the need to quantify their elastic properties particularly at the nanometer scale, which is the relevant length scale for cell-ECM interactions. For this purpose, the versatility of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to quantify the nanomechanical properties of soft biomaterials like ECM models has emerged as a very suitable technique. In this chapter we provide a detailed protocol on how to assess the Young's elastic modulus of ECM models by AFM, discuss some of the critical issues, and provide troubleshooting guidelines as well as illustrative examples of AFM measurements, particularly in the context of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Otero
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Navajas
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Alcaraz
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
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24
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Li M, Xi N, Wang Y, Liu L. Nanotopographical Surfaces for Regulating Cellular Mechanical Behaviors Investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:5036-5050. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ning Xi
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
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25
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Wang L, Liu X. Finite element simulation for the effect of loading rate on visco-hyperelastic characterisation of soft materials by spherical nanoindentation. IET Nanobiotechnol 2019; 13:578-583. [PMID: 31432789 PMCID: PMC8676085 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2019.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoindentation test performed by atomic force microscopy is highly recommended for the characterisation of soft materials at nanoscale. The assumption proposed in the characterisation is that the material is pure elastic with no viscosity. However, this assumption does not represent the real characteristics of soft materials such as bio tissue or cell. Therefore, a parametric finite element simulation of nanoindentation by spherical tip was carried out to investigate the response of cells with different constitutive laws (elastic, hyperelastic and visco-hyperelastic). The investigation of the loading rate effect on the characterisation of cell mechanical properties was performed for different size of spherical tip. The selected dimensions of spherical tips cover commercially available products. The viscosity effects are insensitive to the varied dimensions of spherical tip in this study. A limit loading rate was found above which viscous effect has to be considered to correctly determine the mechanical properties. The method in this work can be implemented to propose a criterion for the threshold of loading rate when viscosity effect can be neglected for soft material characterisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Centre of Ultra-precision Optoelectric Instrument Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianping Liu
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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26
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Farré N, Jorba I, Torres M, Falcones B, Martí-Almor J, Farré R, Almendros I, Navajas D. Passive Stiffness of Left Ventricular Myocardial Tissue Is Reduced by Ovariectomy in a Post-menopause Mouse Model. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1545. [PMID: 30455648 PMCID: PMC6230582 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Heart failure (HF) – a very prevalent disease with high morbidity and mortality – usually presents with diastolic dysfunction. Although post-menopause women are at increased risk of HF and diastolic dysfunction, poor attention has been paid to clinically and experimentally investigate this group of patients. Specifically, whether myocardial stiffness is affected by menopause is unknown. Aim: To investigate whether loss of female sexual hormones modifies the Young’s modulus (E) of left ventricular (LV) myocardial tissue in a mouse model of menopause induced by ovariectomy (OVX). Methods: After 6 months of bilateral OVX, eight mice were sacrificed, fresh LV myocardial strips were prepared (∼8 × 1 × 1 mm), and their passive stress–stretch relationship was measured. E was computed by exponential fitting of the stress–stretch relationship. Subsequently, to assess the relative role of cellular and extracellular matrix components in determining OVX-induced changes in E, the tissues strips were decellularized and subjected to the same stretching protocol to measure E. A control group of eight sham-OVX mice was simultaneously studied. Results: E (kPa; m ± SE) in OVX mice was ∼twofold lower than in controls (11.7 ± 1.8 and 22.1 ± 4.4, respectively; p < 0.05). No significant difference between groups was found in E of the decellularized tissue (31.4 ± 12.05 and 40.9 ± 11.5, respectively; p = 0.58). Conclusion: Loss of female sexual hormones in an OVX model induces a reduction in the passive stiffness of myocardial tissue, suggesting that active relaxation should play a counterbalancing role in diastolic dysfunction in post-menopausal women with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Farré
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Heart Diseases Biomedical Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Jorba
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia - The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Torres
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bryan Falcones
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Martí-Almor
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Farré
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isaac Almendros
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Navajas
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia - The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
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27
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Amdursky N, Mazo MM, Thomas MR, Humphrey EJ, Puetzer JL, St-Pierre JP, Skaalure SC, Richardson RM, Terracciano CM, Stevens MM. Elastic serum-albumin based hydrogels: mechanism of formation and application in cardiac tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:5604-5612. [PMID: 30283632 PMCID: PMC6166857 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01014e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are promising materials for mimicking the extra-cellular environment. Here, we present a simple methodology for the formation of a free-standing viscoelastic hydrogel from the abundant and low cost protein serum albumin. We show that the mechanical properties of the hydrogel exhibit a complicated behaviour as a function of the weight fraction of the protein component. We further use X-ray scattering to shed light on the mechanism of gelation from the formation of a fibrillary network at low weight fractions to interconnected aggregates at higher weight fractions. Given the match between our hydrogel elasticity and that of the myocardium, we investigated its potential for supporting cardiac cells in vitro. Interestingly, these hydrogels support the formation of several layers of myocytes and significantly promote the maintenance of a native-like gene expression profile compared to those cultured on glass. When confronted with a multicellular ventricular cell preparation, the hydrogels can support macroscopically contracting cardiac-like tissues with a distinct cell arrangement, and form mm-long vascular-like structures. We envisage that our simple approach for the formation of an elastic substrate from an abundant protein makes the hydrogel a compelling biomedical material candidate for a wide range of cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Amdursky
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College Lodon, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Manuel M. Mazo
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College Lodon, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Michael R. Thomas
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College Lodon, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Eleanor J. Humphrey
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jennifer L. Puetzer
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College Lodon, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jean-Philippe St-Pierre
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College Lodon, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Stacey C. Skaalure
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College Lodon, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Cesare M. Terracciano
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College Lodon, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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28
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Farré N, Otero J, Falcones B, Torres M, Jorba I, Gozal D, Almendros I, Farré R, Navajas D. Intermittent Hypoxia Mimicking Sleep Apnea Increases Passive Stiffness of Myocardial Extracellular Matrix. A Multiscale Study. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1143. [PMID: 30158879 PMCID: PMC6104184 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tissue hypoxia-reoxygenation characterizes obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a very prevalent respiratory disease associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Experimental studies indicate that intermittent hypoxia (IH) mimicking OSA induces oxidative stress and inflammation in heart tissue at the cell and molecular levels. However, it remains unclear whether IH modifies the passive stiffness of the cardiac tissue extracellular matrix (ECM). Aim: To investigate multiscale changes of stiffness induced by chronic IH in the ECM of left ventricular (LV) myocardium in a murine model of OSA. Methods: Two-month and 18-month old mice (N = 10 each) were subjected to IH (20% O2 40 s-6% O2 20 s) for 6 weeks (6 h/day). Corresponding control groups for each age were kept under normoxia. Fresh LV myocardial strips (∼7 mm × 1 mm × 1 mm) were prepared, and their ECM was obtained by decellularization. Myocardium ECM macroscale mechanics were measured by performing uniaxial stress-strain tensile tests. Strip macroscale stiffness was assessed as the stress value (σ) measured at 0.2 strain and Young's modulus (EM) computed at 0.2 strain by fitting Fung's constitutive model to the stress-strain relationship. ECM stiffness was characterized at the microscale as the Young's modulus (Em) measured in decellularized tissue slices (∼12 μm tick) by atomic force microscopy. Results: Intermittent hypoxia induced a ∼1.5-fold increase in σ (p < 0.001) and a ∼2.5-fold increase in EM (p < 0.001) of young mice as compared with normoxic controls. In contrast, no significant differences emerged in Em among IH-exposed and normoxic mice. Moreover, the mechanical effects of IH on myocardial ECM were similar in young and aged mice. Conclusion: The marked IH-induced increases in macroscale stiffness of LV myocardium ECM suggests that the ECM plays a role in the cardiac dysfunction induced by OSA. Furthermore, absence of any significant effects of IH on the microscale ECM stiffness suggests that the significant increases in macroscale stiffening are primarily mediated by 3D structural ECM remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Farré
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Heart Diseases Biomedical Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jorge Otero
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bryan Falcones
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Torres
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.,Sleep Lab, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Jorba
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Isaac Almendros
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Farré
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Navajas
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
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29
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Macri‐Pellizzeri L, De‐Juan‐Pardo EM, Prosper F, Pelacho B. Role of substrate biomechanics in controlling (stem) cell fate: Implications in regenerative medicine. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1012-1019. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Macri‐Pellizzeri
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Foundation for Applied Medical ResearchUniversity of Navarra Pamplona Spain
- Advanced Materials Research GroupFaculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Elena M. De‐Juan‐Pardo
- Regenerative MedicineInstitute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane Australia
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Foundation for Applied Medical ResearchUniversity of Navarra Pamplona Spain
- IdiSNANavarra Institute for Health Research Pamplona Spain
- Hematology and Cell TherapyClínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
| | - Beatriz Pelacho
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Foundation for Applied Medical ResearchUniversity of Navarra Pamplona Spain
- IdiSNANavarra Institute for Health Research Pamplona Spain
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30
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A perspective on the physical, mechanical and biological specifications of bioinks and the development of functional tissues in 3D bioprinting. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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31
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Bidirectional mechanobiology between cells and their local extracellular matrix probed by atomic force microscopy. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 73:71-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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32
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Tang G, Galluzzi M, Biswas CS, Stadler FJ. Investigation of micromechanical properties of hard sphere filled composite hydrogels by atomic force microscopy and finite element simulations. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 78:496-504. [PMID: 29248847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) indentation is the most suitable way to characterize micromechanical properties of soft materials such as bio tissues. However, the mechanical data obtained from force-indentation measurement are still not well understood due to complex geometry of the bio tissue, nonlinearity of indentation contact, and constitutive relation of hyperelastic soft material. Poly-N-isopropyl acrylamide (PNIPAM) filled with 5wt% polystyrene (PS) sphere particles material system can be utilized as a simplified model for mimicking a whole host of soft materials. Finite element model has been constructed to simulate indentation as in AFM experiments using colloidal probes for a parametric study, with the main purpose of understanding the effect of particles on overall behavior of mechanical data and local deformation field under indentation contact. Direct comparison between finite element simulation and indentation data from AFM experiments provides a powerful method to characterize soft materials properties quantitatively, addressing the lack of analytical solutions for hard-soft composites, both biological and synthetic ones. In this framework, quantitative relations are found between the depth, at which the particle was embedded, the particle size and the elastic modulus of the overall composite. Comprehensive characterizations were established to distinguish indentation on a particle residing on top of the hydrogel from a particle embedded inside the hydrogel matrix. Finally, different assumptions of interface friction at the boundary between the particle and the hydrogel have been tested and directly compared with experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlin Tang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and System of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Massimiliano Galluzzi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and System of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Chandra Sekhar Biswas
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and System of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Florian J Stadler
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China.
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33
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Huang G, Li F, Zhao X, Ma Y, Li Y, Lin M, Jin G, Lu TJ, Genin GM, Xu F. Functional and Biomimetic Materials for Engineering of the Three-Dimensional Cell Microenvironment. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12764-12850. [PMID: 28991456 PMCID: PMC6494624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cell microenvironment has emerged as a key determinant of cell behavior and function in development, physiology, and pathophysiology. The extracellular matrix (ECM) within the cell microenvironment serves not only as a structural foundation for cells but also as a source of three-dimensional (3D) biochemical and biophysical cues that trigger and regulate cell behaviors. Increasing evidence suggests that the 3D character of the microenvironment is required for development of many critical cell responses observed in vivo, fueling a surge in the development of functional and biomimetic materials for engineering the 3D cell microenvironment. Progress in the design of such materials has improved control of cell behaviors in 3D and advanced the fields of tissue regeneration, in vitro tissue models, large-scale cell differentiation, immunotherapy, and gene therapy. However, the field is still in its infancy, and discoveries about the nature of cell-microenvironment interactions continue to overturn much early progress in the field. Key challenges continue to be dissecting the roles of chemistry, structure, mechanics, and electrophysiology in the cell microenvironment, and understanding and harnessing the roles of periodicity and drift in these factors. This review encapsulates where recent advances appear to leave the ever-shifting state of the art, and it highlights areas in which substantial potential and uncertainty remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyou Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science,
Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
- Interdisciplinary Division of Biomedical
Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufei Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Min Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Guorui Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Tian Jian Lu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials
and Structures, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Guy M. Genin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering &
Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis 63130, MO,
USA
- NSF Science and Technology Center for
Engineering MechanoBiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis 63130,
MO, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
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34
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Yango A, Schäpe J, Rianna C, Doschke H, Radmacher M. Measuring the viscoelastic creep of soft samples by step response AFM. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:8297-8306. [PMID: 27714302 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00801a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the creep response of soft gels and cells after applying a step in loading force with atomic force microscopy (AFM). By analysing the creep response data using the standard linear solid model, we can quantify the viscous and elastic properties of these soft samples independently. Cells, in comparison with gels of similar softness, are much more viscous, as has been qualitatively observed in conventional force curve data before. Here, we quantify the spring constant and the viscous damping coefficient from the creep response data. We propose two different modes for applying a force step: (1) indirectly by increasing the sample height or (2) directly by employing magnetic cantilevers. Both lead to similar results, whereas the latter seems to be better defined since it resembles closely a constant strain mode. The former is easier to implement in most instruments, and thus may be preferable from a practical point of view. Creep analysis by step response is much more appropriate to analyse the viscoelastic response of soft samples like cells than the usually used force curve analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achu Yango
- Institute of Biophysics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Jens Schäpe
- Institute of Biophysics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Carmela Rianna
- Institute of Biophysics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Holger Doschke
- Institute of Biophysics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Manfred Radmacher
- Institute of Biophysics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
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Valero C, Navarro B, Navajas D, García-Aznar JM. Finite element simulation for the mechanical characterization of soft biological materials by atomic force microscopy. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 62:222-235. [PMID: 27214690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Valero
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering (M2BE), Aragon Institute of Engineering Research, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - B Navarro
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering (M2BE), Aragon Institute of Engineering Research, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - D Navajas
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M García-Aznar
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering (M2BE), Aragon Institute of Engineering Research, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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36
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Giménez A, Uriarte JJ, Vieyra J, Navajas D, Alcaraz J. Elastic properties of hydrogels and decellularized tissue sections used in mechanobiology studies probed by atomic force microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 80:85-96. [PMID: 27535539 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The increasing recognition that tissue elasticity is an important regulator of cell behavior in normal and pathologic conditions such as fibrosis and cancer has driven the development of cell culture substrata with tunable elasticity. Such development has urged the need to quantify the elastic properties of these cell culture substrata particularly at the nanometer scale, since this is the relevant length scale involved in cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) mechanical interactions. To address this need, we have exploited the versatility of atomic force microscopy to quantify the elastic properties of a variety of cell culture substrata used in mechanobiology studies, including floating collagen gels, ECM-coated polyacrylamide gels, and decellularized tissue sections. In this review we summarize major findings in this field from our group within the context of the state-of-the-art in the field, and provide a critical discussion on the applicability and complementarity of currently available cell culture assays with tunable elasticity. In addition, we briefly describe how the limitations of these assays provide opportunities for future research, which is expected to continue expanding our understanding of the mechanobiological aspects that support both normal and diseased conditions. Microsc. Res. Tech. 80:85-96, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alícia Giménez
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Juan José Uriarte
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Joan Vieyra
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Daniel Navajas
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain.,Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Jordi Alcaraz
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, 28029, Spain
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37
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Sonomicrometry-Based Analysis of Post-Myocardial Infarction Regional Mechanics. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 44:3539-3552. [PMID: 27411709 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1694-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Following myocardial infarction (MI), detrimental changes to the geometry, composition, and mechanical properties of the left ventricle (LV) are initiated in a process generally termed adverse post-MI remodeling. Cumulatively, these changes lead to a loss of LV function and are deterministic factors in the progression to heart failure. Proposed therapeutic strategies to target aberrant LV mechanics post-MI have shown potential to stabilize LV functional indices throughout the remodeling process. The in vivo quantification of LV mechanics, particularly within the MI region, is therefore essential to the continued development and evaluation of strategies to interrupt the post-MI remodeling process. The present study utilizes a porcine MI model and in vivo sonomicrometry to characterize MI region stiffness at 14 days post-MI. Obtained results demonstrate a significant dependence of mechanical properties on location and direction within the MI region, as well as cardiac phase. While approaches for comprehensive characterization of LV mechanics post-MI still need to be improved and standardized, our findings provide insight into the issues and complexities that must be considered within the MI region itself.
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Jorba I, Uriarte JJ, Campillo N, Farré R, Navajas D. Probing Micromechanical Properties of the Extracellular Matrix of Soft Tissues by Atomic Force Microscopy. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:19-26. [PMID: 27163411 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) determines 3D tissue architecture and provides structural support and chemical and mechanical cues to the cells. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has unique capabilities to measure ECM mechanics at the scale at which cells probe the mechanical features of their microenvironment. Moreover, AFM measurements can be readily combined with bright field and fluorescence microscopy. Performing reliable mechanical measurements with AFM requires accurate calibration of the device and correct computation of the mechanical parameters. A suitable approach to isolate ECM mechanics from cell contribution is removing the cells by means of an effective decellularization process that preserves the composition, structure and mechanical properties of the ECM. AFM measurement of ECM micromechanics provides important insights into organ biofabrication, cell-matrix mechanical crosstalk and disease-induced tissue stiffness alterations. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 19-26, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Jorba
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan J Uriarte
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noelia Campillo
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Farré
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Navajas
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.
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39
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Uriarte JJ, Meirelles T, Gorbenko del Blanco D, Nonaka PN, Campillo N, Sarri E, Navajas D, Egea G, Farré R. Early Impairment of Lung Mechanics in a Murine Model of Marfan Syndrome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152124. [PMID: 27003297 PMCID: PMC4803219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Early morbidity and mortality in patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS) -a connective tissue disease caused by mutations in fibrillin-1 gene- are mainly caused by aorta aneurysm and rupture. However, the increase in the life expectancy of MFS patients recently achieved by reparatory surgery promotes clinical manifestations in other organs. Although some studies have reported respiratory alterations in MFS, our knowledge of how this connective tissue disease modifies lung mechanics is scarce. Hence, we assessed whether the stiffness of the whole lung and of its extracellular matrix (ECM) is affected in a well-characterized MFS mouse model (FBN1C1039G/+). The stiffness of the whole lung and of its ECM were measured by conventional mechanical ventilation and atomic force microscopy, respectively. We studied 5-week and 9-month old mice, whose ages are representative of early and late stages of the disease. At both ages, the lungs of MFS mice were significantly more compliant than in wild type (WT) mice. By contrast, no significant differences were found in local lung ECM stiffness. Moreover, histopathological lung evaluation showed a clear emphysematous-like pattern in MFS mice since alveolar space enlargement was significantly increased compared with WT mice. These data suggest that the mechanism explaining the increased lung compliance in MFS is not a direct consequence of reduced ECM stiffness, but an emphysema-like alteration in the 3D structural organization of the lung. Since lung alterations in MFS are almost fully manifested at an early age, it is suggested that respiratory monitoring could provide early biomarkers for diagnosis and/or follow-up of patients with the Marfan syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Uriarte
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thayna Meirelles
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Darya Gorbenko del Blanco
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula N. Nonaka
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Master's and Doctoral Degree Programs in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Noelia Campillo
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Sarri
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Navajas
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gustavo Egea
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Nanociències i Nanotecnologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Farré
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Modern medicine faces a growing crisis as demand for organ transplantations continues to far outstrip supply. By stimulating the body’s own repair mechanisms, regenerative medicine aims to reduce demand for organs, while the closely related field of tissue engineering promises to deliver “off-the-self” organs grown from patients’ own stem cells to improve supply. To deliver on these promises, we must have reliable means of generating complex tissues. Thus far, the majority of successful tissue engineering approaches have relied on macroporous scaffolds to provide cells with both mechanical support and differentiative cues. In order to engineer complex tissues, greater attention must be paid to nanoscale cues present in a cell’s microenvironment. As the extracellular matrix is capable of driving complexity during development, it must be understood and reproduced in order to recapitulate complexity in engineered tissues. This review will summarize current progress in engineering complex tissue through the integration of nanocomposites and biomimetic scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Cassidy
- Centre for Cell Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. ; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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