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Kim H, Won Y, Song HW, Kwon Y, Jun M, Oh JH. Organic Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductors for Bioelectronic Sensors: Materials and Operation Mechanisms. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306191. [PMID: 38148583 PMCID: PMC11251567 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The field of organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) has gained significant attention due to their ability to transport both electrons and ions, making them promising candidates for various applications. Initially focused on inorganic materials, the exploration of mixed conduction has expanded to organic materials, especially polymers, owing to their advantages such as solution processability, flexibility, and property tunability. OMIECs, particularly in the form of polymers, possess both electronic and ionic transport functionalities. This review provides an overview of OMIECs in various aspects covering mechanisms of charge transport including electronic transport, ionic transport, and ionic-electronic coupling, as well as conducting/semiconducting conjugated polymers and their applications in organic bioelectronics, including (multi)sensors, neuromorphic devices, and electrochromic devices. OMIECs show promise in organic bioelectronics due to their compatibility with biological systems and the ability to modulate electronic conduction and ionic transport, resembling the principles of biological systems. Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) based on OMIECs offer significant potential for bioelectronic applications, responding to external stimuli through modulation of ionic transport. An in-depth review of recent research achievements in organic bioelectronic applications using OMIECs, categorized based on physical and chemical stimuli as well as neuromorphic devices and circuit applications, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwook Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐roGwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Yousang Won
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐roGwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Song
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐roGwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Kwon
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐roGwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Minsang Jun
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐roGwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hak Oh
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐roGwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
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Kimpel J, Kim Y, Asatryan J, Martín J, Kroon R, Müller C. High-mobility organic mixed conductors with a low synthetic complexity index via direct arylation polymerization. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7679-7688. [PMID: 38784738 PMCID: PMC11110131 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01430h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Through direct arylation polymerization, a series of mixed ion-electron conducting polymers with a low synthetic complexity index is synthesized. A thieno[3,2-b]thiophene monomer with oligoether side chains is used in direct arylation polymerization together with a wide range of aryl bromides with varying electronic character from electron-donating thiophene to electron-accepting benzothiadiazole. The obtained polymers are less synthetically complex than other mixed ion-electron conducting polymers due to higher yield, fewer synthetic steps and less toxic reagents. Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) based on a newly synthesized copolymer comprising thieno[3,2-b]thiophene with oligoether side chains and bithiophene exhibit excellent device performance. A high charge-carrier mobility of up to μ = 1.8 cm2 V-1 s-1 was observed, obtained by dividing the figure of merit [μC*] from OECT measurements by the volumetric capacitance C* from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, which reached a value of more than 215 F cm-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Kimpel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology 412 96 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Youngseok Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology 412 96 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Jesika Asatryan
- Universidade da Coruña, Campus Industrial de Ferrol, CITENI Esteiro 15403 Ferrol Spain
| | - Jaime Martín
- Universidade da Coruña, Campus Industrial de Ferrol, CITENI Esteiro 15403 Ferrol Spain
| | - Renee Kroon
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University Norrköping Sweden
- Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University Norrköping Sweden
| | - Christian Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology 412 96 Göteborg Sweden
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Dominguez-Alfaro A, Casado N, Fernandez M, Garcia-Esnaola A, Calvo J, Mantione D, Calvo MR, Cortajarena AL. Engineering Proteins for PEDOT Dispersions: A New Horizon for Highly Mixed Ionic-Electronic Biocompatible Conducting Materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307536. [PMID: 38126666 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) is the most used conducting polymer from energy to biomedical applications. Despite its exceptional properties, there is a need for developing new materials that can improve some of its inherent limitations, e.g., biocompatibility. In this context, doping PEDOT is propose with a robust recombinant protein with tunable properties, the consensus tetratricopeptide repeated protein (CTPR). The doping consists of an oxidative polymerization, where the PEDOT chains are stabilized by the negative charges of the CTPR protein. CTPR proteins are evaluated with three different lengths (3, 10, and 20 identical CTPR units) and optimized varied synthetic conditions. These findings revealed higher doping rate and oxidized state of the PEDOT chains when doped with the smallest scaffold (CTPR3). These PEDOT:CTPR hybrids possess ionic and electronic conductivity. Notably, PEDOT:CTPR3 displayed an electronic conductivity of 0.016 S cm-1, higher than any other reported protein-doped PEDOT. This result places PEDOT:CTPR3 at the level of PEDOT-biopolymer hybrids, and brings it closer in performance to PEDOT:PSS gold standard. Furthermore, PEDOT:CTPR3 dispersion is successfully optimized for inkjet printing, preserving its electroactivity properties after printing. This approach opens the door to the use of these novel hybrids for bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Dominguez-Alfaro
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Nerea Casado
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - Maxence Fernandez
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Andrea Garcia-Esnaola
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Javier Calvo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Daniele Mantione
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - Maria Reyes Calvo
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 03690, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante (IUMA), Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 03690, Spain
| | - Aitziber L Cortajarena
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
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Montero-Jimenez M, Lugli-Arroyo J, Fenoy GE, Piccinini E, Knoll W, Marmisollé WA, Azzaroni O. Transduction of Amine-Phosphate Supramolecular Interactions and Biosensing of Acetylcholine through PEDOT-Polyamine Organic Electrochemical Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37851945 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are important devices for the development of flexible and wearable sensors due to their flexibility, low power consumption, sensitivity, selectivity, ease of fabrication, and compatibility with other flexible materials. These features enable the creation of comfortable, versatile, and efficient portable devices that can monitor and detect a wide range of parameters for various applications. Herein, we present OECTs based on PEDOT-polyamine thin films for the selective monitoring of phosphate-containing compounds. Our findings reveal that supramolecular single phosphate-amino interaction induces higher changes in the OECT response compared to ATP-amino interactions, even at submillimolar concentrations. The steric character of binding anions plays a crucial role in OECT sensing, resulting in a smaller shift in maximum transconductance voltage and threshold voltage for bulkier binding species. The OECT response reflects not only the polymer/solution interface but also events within the conducting polymer film, where ion transport and concentration are affected by the ion size. Additionally, the investigation of enzyme immobilization reveals the influence of phosphate species on the assembly behavior of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) on PEDOT-PAH OECTs, with increasing phosphate concentrations leading to reduced enzyme anchoring. These findings contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms of OECT sensing and highlight the importance of careful design and optimization of the biosensor interface construction for diverse sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Montero-Jimenez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata B1904DPI, Argentina
| | - Juan Lugli-Arroyo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata B1904DPI, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo E Fenoy
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata B1904DPI, Argentina
| | - Esteban Piccinini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata B1904DPI, Argentina
| | - Wolfgang Knoll
- Laboratory for Life Sciences and Technology (LiST), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Waldemar A Marmisollé
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata B1904DPI, Argentina
| | - Omar Azzaroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata B1904DPI, Argentina
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5
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Schöbel L, Boccaccini AR. A review of glycosaminoglycan-modified electrically conductive polymers for biomedical applications. Acta Biomater 2023; 169:45-65. [PMID: 37532132 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The application areas of electrically conductive polymers have been steadily growing since their discovery in the late 1970s. Recently, electrically conductive polymers have found their way into biomedicine, allowing the realization of many relevant applications ranging from bioelectronics to scaffolds for tissue engineering. Extracellular matrix components, such as glycosaminoglycans, build an important class of biomaterials that are heavily researched for biomedical applications due to their favorable properties. Due to their highly anionic character and the presence of sulfate groups in glycosaminoglycans, these biomolecules can be employed to functionalize conductive polymers, which enables the tailorability and improvement of cell-material interactions of conductive polymers. This review paper gives an overview of recent research on glycosaminoglycan-modified conductive polymers intended for biomedical applications and discusses the effect of different biological dopants on material characteristics, such as surface roughness, stiffness, and electrochemical properties. Moreover, the key findings of the biological characterization in vitro and in vivo are summarized, and remaining challenges in the field, particularly related to the modification of electrically conductive polymers with glycosaminoglycans to achieve improved functional and biological outcomes, are discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The development of functional biomaterials based on electrically conductive polymers (CPs) for various biomedical applications, such as neural regeneration, drug delivery, or bioelectronics, has been increasingly investigated over the last decades. Recent literature has shown that changes in the synthesis procedure or the chosen dopant could adjust the resulting material characteristics. Hence, an interesting approach lies in using natural biomolecules as dopants for CPs to tailor the biological outcome. This review comprehensively summarizes the state of the art in the field of glycosaminoglycan-modified electrically conductive polymers for the first time, particularly highlighting the effect of the chosen dopant on material characteristics, such as surface morphology or stiffness, electrochemical properties, and consequently, cell-material interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Schöbel
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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6
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Conductive organic electrodes for flexible electronic devices. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4125. [PMID: 36914727 PMCID: PMC10011527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30207-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper reports on a novel process flow to manufacture conductive organic electrodes from highly conductive doped PEDOT:PSS polymer films that can be patterned and display a good adhesion to oxidized Si wafers as well as to flexible substrates, such as Mylar. Among other results, it is shown that multiple depositions of PEDOT:PSS increase the electrical conductivity by more than two orders of magnitude without increasing the film thickness of PEDOT:PSS significantly. An exponential dependence between sheet resistance and the number of PEDOT:PSS coatings has been found. The electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS can be increased by another two orders of magnitude doping with Cu nanoparticles when coated on the surface of a soft-baked PEDOT:PSS film. It is found, however, that both kinds of conductivity enhancement are not additive. Adhesion of PEDOT:PSS to oxidized Si wafers and BoPET (Mylar) has been ensured by applying an oxygen plasma cleaning step before spin coating. The manufactured high-conductivity PEDOT:PSS film can be patterned using a sacrificial metal layer with subsequent etching of PEDOT:PSS in oxygen plasma, followed by the removal of the patterned segments of the sacrificial metal layer in an aqueous acid solution.
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7
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Chamria D, Alpha C, Adhikari RY. Phenylalanine-Assisted Conductivity Enhancement in PEDOT:PSS Films. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:7791-7799. [PMID: 36873008 PMCID: PMC9979372 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biological materials such as amino acids are attractive due to their smaller environmental footprint, ease of functionalization, and potential for creating biocompatible surfaces for devices. Here, we report the facile assembly and characterization of highly conductive films of composites of phenylalanine, one of the essential amino acids, and PEDOT:PSS, a commonly used conducting polymer. We have observed that introducing aromatic amino acid phenylalanine into PEDOT:PSS to form composite films can improve the conductivity of the films by up to a factor of 230 compared to the conductivity of pristine PEDOT:PSS film. In addition, the conductivity of the composite films can be tuned by varying the amount of phenylalanine in PEDOT:PSS. Using DC and AC measurement techniques, we have determined that the conduction in the highly conductive composite films thus created is due to improvement in the electron transport efficiency compared to the charge transport in pure PEDOT:PSS films. Using SEM and AFM, we demonstrate that this could be due to the phase separation of PSS chains from PEDOT:PSS globules which can create efficient charge transport pathways. Fabricating composites of bioderived amino acids with conducting polymers using facile techniques such as the one we report here opens up opportunities for the development of low-cost biocompatible and biodegradable electronic materials with desired electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Div Chamria
- Department
of Physics & Astronomy, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, New York 13346, United States
| | - Christopher Alpha
- Cornell
NanoScale Science and Technology Facility, 250 Duffield Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ramesh Y. Adhikari
- Department
of Physics & Astronomy, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, New York 13346, United States
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8
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Qin C, Yue Z, Wallace GG, Chen J. Bipolar Electrochemical Stimulation Using Conducting Polymers for Wireless Electroceuticals and Future Directions. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:5041-5056. [PMID: 36260917 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry has become a powerful strategy to modulate cellular behavior and biological activity by manipulating electrical signals. Subsequent electrical stimulus-responsive conducting polymers (CPs) have advanced traditional wired electrochemical stimulation (ES) systems and developed wireless cell stimulation systems due to their electroconductivity, biocompatibility, stability, and flexibility. Bipolar electrochemistry (BPE), i.e., wireless electrochemistry, offers an effective pathway to modify wired ES systems into a desirable contactless mode, turning out a potential technique to offer fundamental insights into neural cell stimulation and neural network formation. This review commences with a brief discussion of the BPE technique and also the advantages of a bipolar electrochemical stimulation (BPES) system compared to traditional wired ES systems and other wireless ES systems. Then, the BPES system is elucidated through four aspects: the benefits of BPES, the key factors to establish BPES platforms for cell stimulation, the limits/barriers to overcome for current rigid materials in particular metals-based systems, and a brief overview of the concept proved by CPs-based systems. Furthermore, how to refine the existing BPES system from materials/devices modification that combine CP compositions with 3D fabrication/bioprinting technologies is elaborately discussed as well. Finally, the review ends together with future research directions, picturing the potential of BPES system in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Qin
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Squires Way, North Wollongong, New South Wales2519, Australia
| | - Zhilian Yue
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Squires Way, North Wollongong, New South Wales2519, Australia
| | - Gordon G Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Squires Way, North Wollongong, New South Wales2519, Australia
| | - Jun Chen
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Squires Way, North Wollongong, New South Wales2519, Australia
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Leprince M, Mailley P, Choisnard L, Auzély-Velty R, Texier I. Design of hyaluronan-based dopant for conductive and resorbable PEDOT ink. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 301:120345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Danielsen SPO, Thompson BJ, Fredrickson GH, Nguyen TQ, Bazan GC, Segalman RA. Ionic Tunability of Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Solutions. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott P. O. Danielsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Brittany J. Thompson
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Glenn H. Fredrickson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Rachel A. Segalman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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Abstract
![]()
Electronically interfacing with the
nervous system for the purposes
of health diagnostics and therapy, sports performance monitoring,
or device control has been a subject of intense academic and industrial
research for decades. This trend has only increased in recent years,
with numerous high-profile research initiatives and commercial endeavors.
An important research theme has emerged as a result, which is the
incorporation of semiconducting polymers in various devices that communicate
with the nervous system—from wearable brain-monitoring caps
to penetrating implantable microelectrodes. This has been driven by
the potential of this broad class of materials to improve the electrical
and mechanical properties of the tissue–device interface, along
with possibilities for increased biocompatibility. In this review
we first begin with a tutorial on neural interfacing, by reviewing
the basics of nervous system function, device physics, and neuroelectrophysiological
techniques and their demands, and finally we give a brief perspective
on how material improvements can address current deficiencies in this
system. The second part is a detailed review of past work on semiconducting
polymers, covering electrical properties, structure, synthesis, and
processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan B Dimov
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K
| | - Maximilian Moser
- University of Oxford, Department of Chemistry, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - George G Malliaras
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K
| | - Iain McCulloch
- University of Oxford, Department of Chemistry, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.,King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Delbecq F, Kondo T, Sugai S, Bodelet M, Mathon A, Paris J, Sirkia L, Lefebvre C, Jeux V. A study for the production of a polysaccharide based hydrogel ink composites as binder for modification of carbon paper electrodes covered with PEDOT:PSS. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Exploration on Structural and Optical Properties of Nanocrystalline Cellulose/Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) Thin Film for Potential Plasmonic Sensing Application. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics8100419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There are extensive studies on the development of composite solutions involving various types of materials. Therefore, this works aims to incorporate two polymers of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and poly(3,4-ethylenethiophene) (PEDOT) to develop a composite thin film via the spin-coating method. Then, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is employed to confirm the functional groups of the NCC/PEDOT thin film. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) results revealed a relatively homogeneous surface with the roughness of the NCC/PEDOT thin film being slightly higher compared with individual thin films. Meanwhile, the ultraviolet/visible (UV/vis) spectrometer evaluated the optical properties of synthesized thin films, where the absorbance peaks can be observed around a wavelength of 220 to 700 nm. An optical band gap of 4.082 eV was obtained for the composite thin film, which is slightly lower as compared with a single material thin film. The NCC/PEDOT thin film was also incorporated into a plasmonic sensor based on the surface plasmon resonance principle to evaluate the potential for sensing mercury ions in an aqueous medium. Resultantly, the NCC/PEDOT thin film shows a positive response in detecting the various concentrations of mercury ions. In conclusion, this work has successfully developed a new sensing layer in fabricating an effective and potential heavy metal ions sensor.
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14
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Functionalization Strategies of PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS Films for Organic Bioelectronics Applications. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9080212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Organic bioelectronics involves the connection of organic semiconductors with living organisms, organs, tissues, cells, membranes, proteins, and even small molecules. In recent years, this field has received great interest due to the development of all kinds of devices architectures, enabling the detection of several relevant biomarkers, the stimulation and sensing of cells and tissues, and the recording of electrophysiological signals, among others. In this review, we discuss recent functionalization approaches for PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS films with the aim of integrating biomolecules for the fabrication of bioelectronics platforms. As the choice of the strategy is determined by the conducting polymer synthesis method, initially PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS films preparation methods are presented. Later, a wide variety of PEDOT functionalization approaches are discussed, together with bioconjugation techniques to develop efficient organic-biological interfaces. Finally, and by making use of these approaches, the fabrication of different platforms towards organic bioelectronics devices is reviewed.
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Schmode P, Hochgesang A, Goel M, Meichsner F, Mohanraj J, Fried M, Thelakkat M. A Solution‐Processable Pristine PEDOT Exhibiting Excellent Conductivity, Charge Carrier Mobility, and Thermal Stability in the Doped State. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Schmode
- Applied Functional Polymers University of Bayreuth Universitätsstr. 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Adrian Hochgesang
- Applied Functional Polymers University of Bayreuth Universitätsstr. 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Mahima Goel
- Applied Functional Polymers University of Bayreuth Universitätsstr. 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Florian Meichsner
- Applied Functional Polymers University of Bayreuth Universitätsstr. 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - John Mohanraj
- Applied Functional Polymers University of Bayreuth Universitätsstr. 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Martina Fried
- Applied Functional Polymers University of Bayreuth Universitätsstr. 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Mukundan Thelakkat
- Applied Functional Polymers University of Bayreuth Universitätsstr. 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute University of Bayreuth Universitätsstr. 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
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16
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Jeong HJ, Jang H, Kim T, Earmme T, Kim FS. Sigmoidal Dependence of Electrical Conductivity of Thin PEDOT:PSS Films on Concentration of Linear Glycols as a Processing Additive. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1975. [PMID: 33920927 PMCID: PMC8071320 DOI: 10.3390/ma14081975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the sigmoidal concentration dependence of electrical conductivity of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) processed with linear glycol-based additives such as ethylene glycol (EG), diethylene glycol (DEG), triethylene glycol (TEG), hexaethylene glycol (HEG), and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME). We observe that a sharp transition of conductivity occurs at the additive concentration of ~0.6 wt.%. EG, DEG, and TEG are effective in conductivity enhancement, showing the saturation conductivities of 271.8, 325.4, and 326.2 S/cm, respectively. Optical transmittance and photoelectron spectroscopic features are rather invariant when the glycols are used as an additive. Two different figures of merit, calculated from both sheet resistance and optical transmittance to describe the performance of the transparent electrodes, indicate that both DEG and TEG are two most effective additives among the series in fabrication of transparent electrodes based on PEDOT:PSS films with a thickness of ~50-60 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeok Jo Jeong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (H.J.J.); (H.J.); (T.K.)
| | - Hong Jang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (H.J.J.); (H.J.); (T.K.)
| | - Taemin Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (H.J.J.); (H.J.); (T.K.)
| | - Taeshik Earmme
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Korea
| | - Felix Sunjoo Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (H.J.J.); (H.J.); (T.K.)
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17
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Benwood C, Chrenek J, Kirsch RL, Masri NZ, Richards H, Teetzen K, Willerth SM. Natural Biomaterials and Their Use as Bioinks for Printing Tissues. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:27. [PMID: 33672626 PMCID: PMC7924193 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The most prevalent form of bioprinting-extrusion bioprinting-can generate structures from a diverse range of materials and viscosities. It can create personalized tissues that aid in drug testing and cancer research when used in combination with natural bioinks. This paper reviews natural bioinks and their properties and functions in hard and soft tissue engineering applications. It discusses agarose, alginate, cellulose, chitosan, collagen, decellularized extracellular matrix, dextran, fibrin, gelatin, gellan gum, hyaluronic acid, Matrigel, and silk. Multi-component bioinks are considered as a way to address the shortfalls of individual biomaterials. The mechanical, rheological, and cross-linking properties along with the cytocompatibility, cell viability, and printability of the bioinks are detailed as well. Future avenues for research into natural bioinks are then presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Benwood
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
| | - Josie Chrenek
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (J.C.); (H.R.); (K.T.)
| | - Rebecca L. Kirsch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
| | - Nadia Z. Masri
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
| | - Hannah Richards
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (J.C.); (H.R.); (K.T.)
| | - Kyra Teetzen
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (J.C.); (H.R.); (K.T.)
| | - Stephanie M. Willerth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (J.C.); (H.R.); (K.T.)
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
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18
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Rodríguez-Jiménez S, Bennington MS, Akbarinejad A, Tay EJ, Chan EWC, Wan Z, Abudayyeh AM, Baek P, Feltham HLC, Barker D, Gordon KC, Travas-Sejdic J, Brooker S. Electroactive Metal Complexes Covalently Attached to Conductive PEDOT Films: A Spectroelectrochemical Study. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:1301-1313. [PMID: 33351602 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The successful covalent attachment, via copper(I)-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), of alkyne-functionalized nickel(II) and copper(II) macrocyclic complexes onto azide (N3)-functionalized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) films on ITO-coated glass electrodes is reported. To investigate the surface attachment of the selected metal complexes, which are analogues of the cobalt-based complex previously reported to be a molecular catalyst for hydrogen evolution, first, three different PEDOT films were formed by electropolymerization of pure PEDOT or pure N3-PEDOT, and last, 1:2N3-PEDOT:PEDOT were formed by co-polymerizing a 1:4 mixture of N3-EDOT:EDOT monomers. The successful surface immobilization of the complexes on the latter two azide-functionalized films, by CuAAC, was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemistry as well as by UV-vis-NIR and resonance Raman spectroelectrochemistry. The ratio between the N3 groups, and hence, the number of surface-attached metal complexes after CuAAC functionalization, in pristine N3-PEDOT versus 1:2N3-PEDOT:PEDOT is expected to be 3:1 and seen to be 2.86:1 with a calculated surface coverage of 3.28 ± 1.04 and 1.15 ± 0.09 nmol/cm2, respectively. The conversion, to the metal complex attached films, was lower for the N3-PEDOT films (Ni 74%, Cu 76%) than for the copolymer 1:2N3-PEDOT:PEDOT films (Ni 83%, Cu 91%) due to the former being more sterically congested. The Raman and UV-vis-NIR results were simulated using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT), respectively, and showed good agreement with the experimental data. Importantly, the spectroelectrochemical behavior of both anchored metal complexes is analogous to that of the free metal complexes in solution. This proves that PEDOT films are promising conducting scaffolds for the covalent immobilization of metal complexes, as the existing electrochromic features of the complexes are preserved on immobilization, which is important for applications in electrocatalytic proton and carbon dioxide reduction, optoelectronics, and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Michael S Bennington
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Alireza Akbarinejad
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- Polymer Biointerface Centre and School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Elliot J Tay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Eddie Wai Chi Chan
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- Polymer Biointerface Centre and School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Ziyao Wan
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- Polymer Biointerface Centre and School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Abdullah M Abudayyeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Paul Baek
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- Polymer Biointerface Centre and School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Humphrey L C Feltham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - David Barker
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- Polymer Biointerface Centre and School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Keith C Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- Polymer Biointerface Centre and School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Sally Brooker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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19
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Baker C, Wagner K, Wagner P, Officer DL, Mawad D. Biofunctional conducting polymers: synthetic advances, challenges, and perspectives towards their use in implantable bioelectronic devices. ADVANCES IN PHYSICS: X 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2021.1899850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carly Baker
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Faculty, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, Australia
| | - Klaudia Wagner
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Faculty, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, Australia
| | - Pawel Wagner
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Faculty, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, Australia
| | - David L. Officer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Faculty, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, Australia
| | - Damia Mawad
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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20
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Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide doped the conducting polymer PEDOT hybrid-modified biosensors for the ultrasensitive detection of microRNA. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1139:155-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Organic Electrochemical Transistors (OECTs) Toward Flexible and Wearable Bioelectronics. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225288. [PMID: 33202778 PMCID: PMC7698176 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic electronics have emerged as a fascinating area of research and technology in the past two decades and are anticipated to replace classic inorganic semiconductors in many applications. Research on organic light-emitting diodes, organic photovoltaics, and organic thin-film transistors is already in an advanced stage, and the derived devices are commercially available. A more recent case is the organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), whose core component is a conductive polymer in contact with ions and solvent molecules of an electrolyte, thus allowing it to simultaneously regulate electron and ion transport. OECTs are very effective in ion-to-electron transduction and sensor signal amplification. The use of synthetically tunable, biocompatible, and depositable organic materials in OECTs makes them specially interesting for biological applications and printable devices. In this review, we provide an overview of the history of OECTs, their physical characterization, and their operation mechanism. We analyze OECT performance improvements obtained by geometry design and active material selection (i.e., conductive polymers and small molecules) and conclude with their broad range of applications from biological sensors to wearable devices.
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22
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Promsuwan K, Meng L, Suklim P, Limbut W, Thavarungkul P, Kanatharana P, Mak WC. Bio-PEDOT: Modulating Carboxyl Moieties in Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) for Enzyme-Coupled Bioelectronic Interfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:39841-39849. [PMID: 32805895 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of chemical functional groups on conducting polymers (CPs) provides an effective way to tailor the physicochemical properties and electrochemical performance of CPs, as well as serves as a functional interface for stable integration of CPs with biomolecules for organic bioelectronics (OBEs). Herein, we introduced a facile approach to modulate the carboxylate functional groups on the PEDOT interface through a systematic evaluation on the effect of a series of carboxylate-containing molecules as counterion dopant integrated into the PEDOT backbone, including acetate as monocarboxylate (mono-COO-), malate as dicarboxylate (di-COO-), citrate as tricarboxylate (tri-COO-), and poly(acrylamide-co-acrylate) as polycarboxylate (poly-COO-) bearing different amounts of molecular carboxylate moieties to create tunable PEDOT:COO- interfaces with improved polymerization efficiency. We demonstrated the modulation of PEDOT:COO- interfaces with various granulated morphologies from 0.33 to 0.11 μm, tunable surface carboxylate densities from 0.56 to 3.6 μM cm-2, and with improved electrochemical kinetics and cycling stability. We further demonstrated the effective and stable coupling of an enzyme model lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) with the optimized PEDOT:poly-COO- interface via simple covalent chemistry to develop biofunctionalized PEDOT (Bio-PEDOT) as a lactate biosensor. The biosensing mechanism is driven by a sequential bioelectrochemical signal transduction between the bio-organic LDH and organic PEDOT toward the concept of all-polymer-based OBEs with a high sensitivity of 8.38 μA mM-1 cm-2 and good reproducibility. Moreover, we utilized the LDH-PEDOT biosensor for the detection of lactate in spiked serum samples with a high recovery value of 91-96% and relatively small RSD in the range of 2.1-3.1%. Our findings provide a new insight into the design and optimization of functional CPs, leading to the development of new OBEs for sensing, biosensing, bioengineering, and biofuel cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiattisak Promsuwan
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkla 90112, Thailand
| | - Lingyin Meng
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Phachara Suklim
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkla 90112, Thailand
| | - Warakorn Limbut
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
- Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Panote Thavarungkul
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkla 90112, Thailand
| | - Proespichaya Kanatharana
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkla 90112, Thailand
| | - Wing Cheung Mak
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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23
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Gautam B, Ayalew H, Dhawan U, Aerathupalathu Janardhanan J, Yu H. Layer‐by‐layer assembly and electrically controlled disassembly of water‐soluble
Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)
derivatives for bioelectronic interface. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202000146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskarchand Gautam
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Nankang Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP) Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology (SCST), Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Hailemichael Ayalew
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Nankang Taiwan
| | - Udesh Dhawan
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Nankang Taiwan
| | - Jayakrishnan Aerathupalathu Janardhanan
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Nankang Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP) Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology (SCST), Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Hsiao‐hua Yu
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Nankang Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP) Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology (SCST), Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
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24
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Li SY, Schon BS, Travas-Sejdic J. A Conductive Microfiltration Membrane for In Situ Fouling Detection: Proof-of-Concept Using Model Wine Solutions. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000303. [PMID: 32767529 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cross-flow microfiltration, using a microporous membrane, is a well-established technique for wine clarification in oenology because of its cost-effectiveness and high-throughput. However, membrane fouling remains a significant issue for wine filtration in high-throughput systems. Herein, an approach for in situ real-time monitoring of fouling in filtration systems using a conductive filtration membrane and a model fluid for filtration is reported. The membrane is fabricated by embedding poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) into an electrospun sulfonated polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene microporous membrane, producing a conductive microfiltration membrane. Measurement of the resistance of the conductive membrane during filtration with the fouling solutions containing pectin, as one of the major foulants in unfiltered wine and pre-fermentation grape juice, shows a time- and concentration-dependent response. This work opens a door to new methodology for in situ monitoring of fouling processes in wine and juice filtration systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheung-Yin Li
- Polymer Biointerface Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland CBD, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin S Schon
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Canterbury Agriculture and Science Centre, 74 Gerald St, Lincoln, 7608, New Zealand
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- Polymer Biointerface Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland CBD, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
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25
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Lill AT, Cao DX, Schrock M, Vollbrecht J, Huang J, Nguyen-Dang T, Brus VV, Yurash B, Leifert D, Bazan GC, Nguyen TQ. Organic Electrochemical Transistors Based on the Conjugated Polyelectrolyte PCPDTBT-SO 3 K (CPE-K). ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1908120. [PMID: 32656778 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201908120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PCPDTBT-SO3 K (CPE-K), a conjugated polyelectrolyte, is presented as a mixed conductor material that can be used to fabricate high transconductance accumulation mode organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). OECTs are utilized in a wide range of applications such as analyte detection, neural interfacing, impedance sensing, and neuromorphic computing. The use of interdigitated contacts to enable high transconductance in a relatively small device area in comparison to standard contacts is demonstrated. Such characteristics are highly desired in applications such as neural-activity sensing, where the device area must be minimized to reduce invasiveness. The physical and electrical properties of CPE-K are fully characterized to allow a direct comparison to other top performing OECT materials. CPE-K demonstrates an electrical performance that is among the best reported in the literature for OECT materials. In addition, CPE-K OECTs operate in the accumulation mode, which allows for much lower energy consumption in comparison to commonly used depletion mode devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Lill
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - David X Cao
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Max Schrock
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Joachim Vollbrecht
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Jianfei Huang
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Tung Nguyen-Dang
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Viktor V Brus
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Brett Yurash
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Dirk Leifert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Münster University, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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26
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Kikuchi Y, Pena-Francesch A, Vural M, Demirel MC. Highly Conductive Self-Healing Biocomposites Based on Protein Mediated Self-Assembly of PEDOT:PSS Films. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:2507-2515. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kikuchi
- Center for Research on Advanced Fiber Technologies (CRAFT), Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Abdon Pena-Francesch
- Center for Research on Advanced Fiber Technologies (CRAFT), Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Mert Vural
- Center for Research on Advanced Fiber Technologies (CRAFT), Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Melik C. Demirel
- Center for Research on Advanced Fiber Technologies (CRAFT), Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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27
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Paulsen BD, Tybrandt K, Stavrinidou E, Rivnay J. Organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors. NATURE MATERIALS 2020; 19:13-26. [PMID: 31427743 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0435-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Materials that efficiently transport and couple ionic and electronic charge are key to advancing a host of technological developments for next-generation bioelectronic, optoelectronic and energy storage devices. Here we highlight key progress in the design and study of organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs), a diverse family of soft synthetically tunable mixed conductors. Across applications, the same interrelated fundamental physical processes dictate OMIEC properties and determine device performance. Owing to ionic and electronic interactions and coupled transport properties, OMIECs demand special understanding beyond knowledge derived from the study of organic thin films and membranes meant to support either electronic or ionic processes only. We address seemingly conflicting views and terminology regarding charging processes in these materials, and highlight recent approaches that extend fundamental understanding and contribute to the advancement of materials. Further progress is predicated on multimodal and multi-scale approaches to overcome lingering barriers to OMIEC design and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D Paulsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Klas Tybrandt
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Eleni Stavrinidou
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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28
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Garrudo FFF, Udangawa RN, Hoffman PR, Sordini L, Chapman CA, Mikael PE, Ferreira FA, Silva JC, Rodrigues CAV, Cabral JMS, Morgado JMF, Ferreira FC, Linhardt RJ. POLYBENZIMIDAZOLE NANOFIBERS FOR NEURAL STEM CELL CULTURE. MATERIALS TODAY. CHEMISTRY 2019; 14:100185. [PMID: 32864530 PMCID: PMC7448546 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases compromise the quality of life of increasing numbers of the world's aging population. While diagnosis is possible no effective treatments are available. Strong efforts are needed to develop new therapeutic approaches, namely in the areas of tissue engineering and deep brain stimulation (DBS). Conductive polymers are the ideal material for these applications due to the positive effect of conducting electricity on neural cell's differentiation profile. This novel study assessed the biocompatibility of polybenzimidazole (PBI), as electrospun fibers and after being doped with different acids. Firstly, doped films of PBI were used to characterize the materials' contact angle and electroconductivity. After this, fibers were electrospun and characterized by SEM, FTIR and TGA. Neural Stem Cell's (NSC) proliferation was assessed and their growth rate and morphology on different samples was determined. Differentiation of NSCs on PBI - CSA fibers was also investigated and gene expression (SOX2, NES, GFAP, Tuj1) was assessed through Immunochemistry and qPCR. All the samples tested were able to support neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation without significant changes on the cell's typical morphology. Successfully differentiation of NSCs towards neural cells on PBI - CSA fibers was also achieved. This promising PBI fibrous scaffold material is envisioned to be used in neural cell engineering applications, including scaffolds, in vitro models for drug screening and electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio F. F. Garrudo
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 12180-3590, United States
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa , Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ranodhi N. Udangawa
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 12180-3590, United States
| | - Pauline R. Hoffman
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 12180-3590, United States
| | - Laura Sordini
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa , Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering and Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Caitlyn A. Chapman
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 12180-3590, United States
| | - Paiyz E. Mikael
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 12180-3590, United States
| | - Flávio A. Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa , Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João C. Silva
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 12180-3590, United States
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa , Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos A. V. Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa , Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M. S. Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa , Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge M. F. Morgado
- Department of Bioengineering and Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Frederico C. Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa , Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 12180-3590, United States
- Corresponding Author:
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Goda T, Miyahara Y. Electrodeposition of Zwitterionic PEDOT Films for Conducting and Antifouling Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:1126-1133. [PMID: 30001621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Conferring antifouling properties can extend the use of conducting polymers in biosensors and bioelectronics under complex biological conditions. On the basis of the antifouling properties of a series of zwitterionic polymers, we synthesized new thiophene-based compounds bearing a phosphorylcholine, carboxybetaine, or sulfobetaine pendant group. The monomers were synthesized by a facile reaction of thiol-functionalized 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene with zwitterionic methacrylates. Electrochemical copolymerization was performed to deposit zwitterionic poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) films with tunable conducting and antifouling properties on a conducting substrate. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that the conductivity and capacitance decreased with increasing zwitterionic content in the films. Protein adsorption and cell adhesion studies showed the effects of the type and content of zwitterions on the antifouling characteristics. Optimization of the electrodeposition conditions enabled development of both conducting and antifouling polymer films. These antifouling conjugated functional polymers have promising applications in biological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Goda
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering , Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) , 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai , Chiyoda , 101-0062 Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yuji Miyahara
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering , Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) , 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai , Chiyoda , 101-0062 Tokyo , Japan
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30
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Danielsen SPO, Nguyen TQ, Fredrickson GH, Segalman RA. Complexation of a Conjugated Polyelectrolyte and Impact on Optoelectronic Properties. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:88-94. [PMID: 35619414 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrostatic assembly of conjugated polyelectrolytes, which combine a π-conjugated polymer backbone with pendant ionic groups, offer an opportunity for tuning materials properties and a new route for formulating concentrated inks for printable electronics. Complex coacervation, a liquid-liquid phase separation upon complexation of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in solution, is used to form dense suspensions of π-conjugated material. A model system of a cationic conjugated polyelectrolyte poly(3-[6'-{N-butylimidazolium}hexyl]thiophene) bromide and sodium poly(styrenesulfonate) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran-water mixtures was used to investigate this complexation behavior of conjugated polyelectrolytes in terms of electrostatic strength, solvent quality, and polymer concentration. The balance of electrostatic interaction between the oppositely charged polyelectrolytes together with their charge compensating counterions and solvent quality for the hydrophobic π-conjugated backbone leads to a rich phase diagram of soluble complexes, precipitates, and complex coacervates. The conjugated polyelectrolyte in the polyelectrolyte complexes has an increased π-conjugation length and enhanced emissivity, with ideal chain configurations due to the reduction of kink sites and torsional disorder. The advantageous photophysical properties in the dense liquid phases makes the scheme attractive for the large-scale processing of optoelectronic devices, chemical sensors, and bioelectronics components.
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31
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Savagian LR, Österholm AM, Ponder JF, Barth KJ, Rivnay J, Reynolds JR. Balancing Charge Storage and Mobility in an Oligo(Ether) Functionalized Dioxythiophene Copolymer for Organic- and Aqueous- Based Electrochemical Devices and Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1804647. [PMID: 30368946 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a soluble oligo(ether)-functionalized propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT)-based copolymer as a versatile platform for a range of high-performance electrochemical devices, including organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), electrochromic displays, and energy-storage devices. This polymer exhibits dual electroactivity in both aqueous and organic electrolyte systems, redox stability for thousands of redox cycles, and charge-storage capacity exceeding 80 F g-1 . As an electrochrome, this material undergoes full colored-to-colorless optical transitions on rapid time scales (<2 s) and impressive electrochromic contrast (Δ%T > 70%). Incorporation of the polymer into OECTs yields accumulation-mode devices with an ION/OFF current ratio of 105 , high transconductance without post-treatments, as well as competitive hole mobility and volumetric capacitance, making it an attractive candidate for biosensing applications. In addition to being the first ProDOT-based OECT active material reported to date, this is also the first reported OECT material synthesized via direct(hetero)arylation polymerization, which is a highly favorable polymerization method when compared to commonly used Stille cross-coupling. This work provides a demonstration of how a single ProDOT-based polymer, prepared using benign polymerization chemistry and functionalized with highly polar side chains, can be used to access a range of highly desirable properties and performance metrics relevant to electrochemical, optical, and bioelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R Savagian
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Anna M Österholm
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - James F Ponder
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Katrina J Barth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - John R Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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32
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Brum RS, Monich PR, Fredel MC, Contri G, Ramoa SDAS, Magini RS, Benfatti CAM. Polymer coatings based on sulfonated-poly-ether-ether-ketone films for implant dentistry applications. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:132. [PMID: 30094472 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) is one of the most important biocompatible polymers and its sulfonation has been studied for biomedical applications. The aim of the present study is to produce, to characterize and to assess bioactivity of PEEK coatings with sulfonated PEEK (SPEEK) films. Biomedical grade PEEK (Invibio®, Batch: D0602, grade: NI1) was functionalized using sulfuric acid 98%. SPEEK was dissolved into DMSO or into DMF, both at 10% mass/volume. PEEK bars (N = 18) and cylinders (N = 27) were manufactured by compression molding and heating. SPEEK/DMSO and SPEEK/DMF were drop casted at PEEK bars and dip coated at PEEK cylinders (PEEK + SPEEK/DMSO and PEEK + SPEEK/DMF). Characterization was performed through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and contact angle measurements. Bioactivity was assessed by immersion of samples at SBF for 1, 7 and 21 days, followed by SEM, energy-dispersive analysis (EDX) and FTIR analysis. Statistical analysis was carried out by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p = 0.05). Characteristic bands of PEEK and SPEEK, were identified through FTIR spectrum analysis, while semicrystallinity was confirmed by XRD. PEEK + SPEEK/DMF showed more evident physicochemical modifications. PEEK + SPEEK/DMSO provided a more regular and hydrophobic surface, observed through SEM and contact angle measurements. SEM/EDX showed that precipitates of calcium were formed at PEEK + SPEEK/DMSO and PEEK + SPEEK/DMF at all experimental times, but materials were not considered bioactive. Interesting surface properties were achieved with SPEEK coatings but the production of SPEEK films at PEEK surface has to be further improved and biologically tested. Schematic diagram showing the methodology applied in this study to prepare PEEK and SPEEK samples, as well as the promising application of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Brum
- Center for Research on Dental Implants (CEPID), School of Dentistry (ODT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis/SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - P R Monich
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (EMC), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis/SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - M C Fredel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (EMC), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis/SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - G Contri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (EMC), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis/SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - S D A S Ramoa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (EMC), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis/SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - R S Magini
- Center for Research on Dental Implants (CEPID), School of Dentistry (ODT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis/SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - C A M Benfatti
- Center for Research on Dental Implants (CEPID), School of Dentistry (ODT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis/SC, 88040-900, Brazil
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33
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del Agua I, Marina S, Pitsalidis C, Mantione D, Ferro M, Iandolo D, Sanchez-Sanchez A, Malliaras GG, Owens RM, Mecerreyes D. Conducting Polymer Scaffolds Based on Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and Xanthan Gum for Live-Cell Monitoring. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:7424-7431. [PMID: 30087913 PMCID: PMC6068595 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Conducting polymer scaffolds can promote cell growth by electrical stimulation, which is advantageous for some specific type of cells such as neurons, muscle, or cardiac cells. As an additional feature, the measure of their impedance has been demonstrated as a tool to monitor cell growth within the scaffold. In this work, we present innovative conducting polymer porous scaffolds based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT):xanthan gum instead of the well-known PEDOT:polystyrene sulfonate scaffolds. These novel scaffolds combine the conductivity of PEDOT and the mechanical support and biocompatibility provided by a polysaccharide, xanthan gum. For this purpose, first, the oxidative chemical polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene was carried out in the presence of polysaccharides leading to stable PEDOT:xanthan gum aqueous dispersions. Then, by a simple freeze-drying process, porous scaffolds were prepared from these dispersions. Our results indicated that the porosity of the scaffolds and mechanical properties are tuned by the solid content and formulation of the initial PEDOT:polysaccharide dispersion. Scaffolds showed interconnected pore structure with tunable sizes ranging between 10 and 150 μm and Young's moduli between 10 and 45 kPa. These scaffolds successfully support three-dimensional cell cultures of MDCK II eGFP and MDCK II LifeAct epithelial cells, achieving good cell attachment with very high degree of pore coverage. Interestingly, by measuring the impedance of the synthesized PEDOT scaffolds, the growth of the cells could be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel del Agua
- POLYMAT
University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-san Sebastian, Spain
- Department
of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure
des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541 Gardanne, France
- Panaxium
SAS, 67 Cours Mirabeau, 13100 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Sara Marina
- Department
of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure
des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541 Gardanne, France
| | - Charalampos Pitsalidis
- Department
of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure
des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541 Gardanne, France
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Daniele Mantione
- Department
of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure
des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541 Gardanne, France
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, Université Bordeaux/CNRS/INP, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, Bâtiment
B8, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Magali Ferro
- Department
of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure
des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541 Gardanne, France
| | - Donata Iandolo
- Department
of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure
des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541 Gardanne, France
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Ana Sanchez-Sanchez
- Department
of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure
des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541 Gardanne, France
- Department
of Engineering, Electrical Engineering Division, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K.
| | - George G. Malliaras
- Department
of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure
des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541 Gardanne, France
- Department
of Engineering, Electrical Engineering Division, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K.
| | - Róisín M. Owens
- Department
of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure
des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541 Gardanne, France
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT
University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-san Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011 Bilbao, Spain
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Zamora-Sequeira R, Ardao I, Starbird R, García-González CA. Conductive nanostructured materials based on poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and starch/κ-carrageenan for biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 189:304-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Lee KM, Kim KH, Yoon H, Kim H. Chemical Design of Functional Polymer Structures for Biosensors: From Nanoscale to Macroscale. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E551. [PMID: 30966585 PMCID: PMC6415446 DOI: 10.3390/polym10050551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, biosensors, a class of physicochemical detectors sensitive to biological analytes, have drawn increasing interest, particularly in light of growing concerns about human health. Functional polymeric materials have been widely researched for sensing applications because of their structural versatility and significant progress that has been made concerning their chemistry, as well as in the field of nanotechnology. Polymeric nanoparticles are conventionally used in sensing applications due to large surface area, which allows rapid and sensitive detection. On the macroscale, hydrogels are crucial materials for biosensing applications, being used in many wearable or implantable devices as a biocompatible platform. The performance of both hydrogels and nanoparticles, including sensitivity, response time, or reversibility, can be significantly altered and optimized by changing their chemical structures; this has encouraged us to overview and classify chemical design strategies. Here, we have organized this review into two main sections concerning the use of nanoparticles and hydrogels (as polymeric structures) for biosensors and described chemical approaches in relevant subcategories, which act as a guide for general synthetic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Min Lee
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Kyung Ho Kim
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Hyeonseok Yoon
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Hyungwoo Kim
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
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36
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Sawyer SW, Dong P, Venn S, Ramos A, Quinn D, Horton JA, Soman P. Conductive gelatin methacrylate-poly(aniline) hydrogel for cell encapsulation. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aa91f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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37
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Inal S, Malliaras GG, Rivnay J. Benchmarking organic mixed conductors for transistors. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1767. [PMID: 29176599 PMCID: PMC5701155 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01812-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic mixed conductors have garnered significant attention in applications from bioelectronics to energy storage/generation. Their implementation in organic transistors has led to enhanced biosensing, neuromorphic function, and specialized circuits. While a narrow class of conducting polymers continues to excel in these new applications, materials design efforts have accelerated as researchers target new functionality, processability, and improved performance/stability. Materials for organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) require both efficient electronic transport and facile ion injection in order to sustain high capacity. In this work, we show that the product of the electronic mobility and volumetric charge storage capacity (µC*) is the materials/system figure of merit; we use this framework to benchmark and compare the steady-state OECT performance of ten previously reported materials. This product can be independently verified and decoupled to guide materials design and processing. OECTs can therefore be used as a tool for understanding and designing new organic mixed conductors. Organic materials that support both electronic and ionic transport hold promise for applications in bioelectronics and energy storage. Here, Inal et al. use transistors to quantify the materials performance of organic mixed conductors in terms of the product of charge mobility and volumetric capacitance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahika Inal
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - George G Malliaras
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541, Gardanne, France.,Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA. .,Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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38
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Mantione D, Del Agua I, Sanchez-Sanchez A, Mecerreyes D. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) Derivatives: Innovative Conductive Polymers for Bioelectronics. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E354. [PMID: 30971030 PMCID: PMC6418870 DOI: 10.3390/polym9080354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)s are the conducting polymers (CP) with the biggest prospects in the field of bioelectronics due to their combination of characteristics (conductivity, stability, transparency and biocompatibility). The gold standard material is the commercially available poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). However, in order to well connect the two fields of biology and electronics, PEDOT:PSS presents some limitations associated with its low (bio)functionality. In this review, we provide an insight into the synthesis and applications of innovative poly(ethylenedioxythiophene)-type materials for bioelectronics. First, we present a detailed analysis of the different synthetic routes to (bio)functional dioxythiophene monomer/polymer derivatives. Second, we focus on the preparation of PEDOT dispersions using different biopolymers and biomolecules as dopants and stabilizers. To finish, we review the applications of innovative PEDOT-type materials such as biocompatible conducting polymer layers, conducting hydrogels, biosensors, selective detachment of cells, scaffolds for tissue engineering, electrodes for electrophysiology, implantable electrodes, stimulation of neuronal cells or pan-bio electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Mantione
- Polymat University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Isabel Del Agua
- Polymat University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541 Gardanne, France.
| | - Ana Sanchez-Sanchez
- Polymat University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541 Gardanne, France.
| | - David Mecerreyes
- Polymat University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011 Bilbao, Spain.
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Hackett AJ, Malmström J, Travas-Sejdic J. Functionalization of conducting polymers for biointerface applications. Prog Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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del Agua I, Mantione D, Casado N, Sanchez-Sanchez A, Malliaras GG, Mecerreyes D. Conducting Polymer Iongels Based on PEDOT and Guar Gum. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:473-478. [PMID: 35610866 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Conducting polymer hydrogels are attracting much interest in biomedical and energy-storage devices due to their unique electrochemical properties including their ability to conduct both electrons and ions. They suffer, however, from poor stability due to water evaporation, which causes the loss of mechanical and ion conduction properties. Here we show for the first time a conducting polymer gel where the continuous phase is a nonvolatile ionic liquid. The novel conducting iongel is formed by a natural polysaccharide (guar gum), a conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), and an ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl). First, an aqueous dispersion of PEDOT:guar gum is synthesized by an oxidative polymerization process of EDOT in the presence of the polysaccharide as stabilizer. The resulting PEDOT:guar gum was isolated as a powder by removing the water via freeze-drying process. In the final step, conducting iongels were prepared by the PEDOT:guar gum mixed with the ionic liquid by a heating-cooling process. The rheological properties show that the material exhibits gel type behavior between 20 and 80 °C. Interestingly, the conducting polymer iongel presents redox properties as well as high ionic conductivities (10-2 S cm-1). This material presents a unique combination of properties by mixing the electronic conductivity of PEDOT, the ionic conductivity and negligible vapor pressure of the ionic liquid and the support and flexibility given by guar gum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel del Agua
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-san Sebastian, Spain
- Department
of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541 Gardanne, France
| | - Daniele Mantione
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-san Sebastian, Spain
| | - Nerea Casado
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-san Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ana Sanchez-Sanchez
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-san Sebastian, Spain
| | - George G. Malliaras
- Department
of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541 Gardanne, France
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-san Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque
Foundation for Science, E-48011 Bilbao, Spain
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Wen Y, Xu J. Scientific Importance of Water-Processable PEDOT-PSS and Preparation, Challenge and New Application in Sensors of Its Film Electrode: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry; Jiangxi Agricultural University; Nanchang 330045 People's Republic of China
| | - Jingkun Xu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coatings; Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University; Nanchang 330013 People's Republic of China
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Hofmann AI, Katsigiannopoulos D, Mumtaz M, Petsagkourakis I, Pecastaings G, Fleury G, Schatz C, Pavlopoulou E, Brochon C, Hadziioannou G, Cloutet E. How To Choose Polyelectrolytes for Aqueous Dispersions of Conducting PEDOT Complexes. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna I. Hofmann
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Université de Bordeaux, B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, Cedex, France
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, Cedex, France
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Institut National Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP Bordeaux), B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, Cedex, France
| | - Dimitrios Katsigiannopoulos
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Université de Bordeaux, B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, Cedex, France
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, Cedex, France
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Institut National Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP Bordeaux), B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, Cedex, France
| | - Muhammad Mumtaz
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Université de Bordeaux, B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, Cedex, France
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, Cedex, France
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Institut National Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP Bordeaux), B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, Cedex, France
| | - Ioannis Petsagkourakis
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Université de Bordeaux, B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, Cedex, France
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, Cedex, France
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Institut National Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP Bordeaux), B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Pecastaings
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Université de Bordeaux, B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, Cedex, France
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, Cedex, France
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Institut National Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP Bordeaux), B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Fleury
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Université de Bordeaux, B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, Cedex, France
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, Cedex, France
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Institut National Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP Bordeaux), B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Schatz
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Université de Bordeaux, B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, Cedex, France
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, Cedex, France
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Institut National Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP Bordeaux), B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, Cedex, France
| | - Eleni Pavlopoulou
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Université de Bordeaux, B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, Cedex, France
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, Cedex, France
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Institut National Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP Bordeaux), B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, Cedex, France
| | - Cyril Brochon
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Université de Bordeaux, B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, Cedex, France
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, Cedex, France
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Institut National Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP Bordeaux), B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, Cedex, France
| | - Georges Hadziioannou
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Université de Bordeaux, B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, Cedex, France
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, Cedex, France
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Institut National Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP Bordeaux), B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, Cedex, France
| | - Eric Cloutet
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Université de Bordeaux, B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, Cedex, France
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, Cedex, France
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, Institut National Polytechnique de Bordeaux (INP Bordeaux), B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, Cedex, France
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43
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Meng A, Sheng L, Zhao K, Li Z. A controllable honeycomb-like amorphous cobalt sulfide architecture directly grown on the reduced graphene oxide–poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) composite through electrodeposition for non-enzyme glucose sensing. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:8934-8943. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02482g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A facile, controllable two-step electrodeposition route was developed, whereby a honeycomb-like amorphous CoxSy architecture was obtained via direct growth on rGO–PEDOT/GCE as an electrode for glucose detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Meng
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- P. R. China
| | - Liying Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Shandong Provincial
- College of Electromechanical Engineering
- College of Sino-German Science and Technology
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266061
| | - Kun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- P. R. China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Shandong Provincial
- College of Electromechanical Engineering
- College of Sino-German Science and Technology
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266061
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Mantione D, Del Agua I, Schaafsma W, Diez-Garcia J, Castro B, Sardon H, Mecerreyes D. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):GlycosAminoGlycan Aqueous Dispersions: Toward Electrically Conductive Bioactive Materials for Neural Interfaces. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:1227-38. [PMID: 27168277 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED There is an actual need of advanced materials for the emerging field of bioelectronics. One commonly used material is the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) ( PEDOT PSS) due to its general use in organic electronics. However, depending on the application in bioelectronics, PEDOT PSS is not fully biocompatible due to the high acidity of the residual sulfonate protons of PSS. In this paper, the synthesis and biocompatibility properties of new poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):GlycosAminoGlycan ( PEDOT GAG) aqueous dispersions and its resulting films are shown. Thus, negatively charged GAGs as an alternative to PSS are presented. Three different commercially available GAGs, hyaluronic acid, heparin, and chondroitin sulfate are used. Indeed, PEDOT GAGs dispersions are prepared through an oxidative chemical polymerization in water. Biocompatibility assays of the PEDOT GAGs coatings are performed using SH-SY5Y and CCF-STTG1 cell lines and with ATP and Ca(2+) . Results show full biocompatibility and a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. This last characteristic becomes crucial if implanted in the body. These materials can be used for in vivo applications, as transistor or electrode for electrical recording and for all the possible situations when there is contact between electronic circuits and living tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Mantione
- Institute for Polymer Materials (POLYMAT), University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-san, Sebastian, Spain
| | - Isabel Del Agua
- Institute for Polymer Materials (POLYMAT), University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-san, Sebastian, Spain
| | - Wandert Schaafsma
- Histocell, S.L, Science and Technology Park, 48170 Derio, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Javier Diez-Garcia
- Histocell, S.L, Science and Technology Park, 48170 Derio, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Begona Castro
- Histocell, S.L, Science and Technology Park, 48170 Derio, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Haritz Sardon
- Institute for Polymer Materials (POLYMAT), University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-san, Sebastian, Spain
| | - David Mecerreyes
- Institute for Polymer Materials (POLYMAT), University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-san, Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011, Bilbao, Spain
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45
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Khan S, Narula AK. Bio-hybrid blended transparent and conductive films PEDOT:PSS:Chitosan exhibiting electro-active and antibacterial properties. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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46
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Wu Y, Chen YX, Yan J, Quinn D, Dong P, Sawyer SW, Soman P. Fabrication of conductive gelatin methacrylate-polyaniline hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2016; 33:122-30. [PMID: 26821341 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels with inherently conductive properties have been recently developed for tissue engineering applications, to serve as bioactive scaffolds to electrically stimulate cells and modulate their function. In this work, we have used interfacial polymerization of aniline monomers within gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) to develop a conductive hybrid composite. We demonstrate that as compared to pure GelMA, GelMA-polyaniline (GelMA-Pani) composite has similar swelling properties and compressive modulus, comparable cell adhesion and spreading responses, and superior electrical properties. Additionally, we demonstrate that GelMA-Pani composite can be printed in complex user-defined geometries using digital projection stereolithography, and will be useful in developing next-generation bioelectrical interfaces. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE We report the fabrication of a conductive hydrogel using naturally-derived gelatin methyacrylate (GelMA) and inherently conductive polyaniline (Pani). This work is significant, as GelMA-Pani composite has superior electrical properties as compared to pure Gelma, all the while maintaining biomimetic physical and biocompatible properties. Moreover, the ability to fabricate conductive-GelMA in complex user-defined micro-geometries, address the significant processing challenges associated with all inherently conductive polymers including Pani. The methodology described in this work can be extended to several conductive polymers and hydrogels, to develop new biocompatible electrically active interfaces.
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SUZUKI M, NAKAYAMA M, TSUJI K, ADACHI T, SHIMONO K. Electrochemical Polymerization of PEDOT/Biomolecule Composite Films on Microelectrodes for the Measurement of Extracellular Field Potential. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.84.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masato SUZUKI
- Bio Research Department, Device Research Laboratory, Advanced Research Division, Panasonic Corporation
| | - Masamune NAKAYAMA
- Department of Biomechanics, Research Center for Nano Medical Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Kiyotaka TSUJI
- Bio Research Department, Device Research Laboratory, Advanced Research Division, Panasonic Corporation
| | - Taiji ADACHI
- Department of Biomechanics, Research Center for Nano Medical Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Ken SHIMONO
- Bio Research Department, Device Research Laboratory, Advanced Research Division, Panasonic Corporation
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