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Kiskin FN, Yang Y, Yang H, Zhang JZ. Cracking the code of the cardiovascular enigma: hPSC-derived endothelial cells unveil the secrets of endothelial dysfunction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 192:65-78. [PMID: 38761989 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a central contributor to the development of most cardiovascular diseases and is characterised by the reduced synthesis or bioavailability of the vasodilator nitric oxide together with other abnormalities such as inflammation, senescence, and oxidative stress. The use of patient-specific and genome-edited human pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells (hPSC-ECs) has shed novel insights into the role of endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases with strong genetic components such as genetic cardiomyopathies and pulmonary arterial hypertension. However, their utility in studying complex multifactorial diseases such as atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome and heart failure poses notable challenges. In this review, we provide an overview of the different methods used to generate and characterise hPSC-ECs before comprehensively assessing their effectiveness in cardiovascular disease modelling and high-throughput drug screening. Furthermore, we explore current obstacles that will need to be overcome to unleash the full potential of hPSC-ECs in facilitating patient-specific precision medicine. Addressing these challenges holds great promise in advancing our understanding of intricate cardiovascular diseases and in tailoring personalised therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedir N Kiskin
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China.
| | - Yuan Yang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China.
| | - Hao Yang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China.
| | - Joe Z Zhang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China.
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2
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Dennison NR, Fusenig M, Grönnert L, Maitz MF, Ramirez Martinez MA, Wobus M, Freudenberg U, Bornhäuser M, Friedrichs J, Westenskow PD, Werner C. Precision Culture Scaling to Establish High-Throughput Vasculogenesis Models. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400388. [PMID: 38465502 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based 3D cell cultures can recapitulate (patho)physiological phenomena ex vivo. However, due to their complex multifactorial regulation, adapting these tissue and disease models for high-throughput screening workflows remains challenging. In this study, a new precision culture scaling (PCS-X) methodology combines statistical techniques (design of experiment and multiple linear regression) with automated, parallelized experiments and analyses to customize hydrogel-based vasculogenesis cultures using human umbilical vein endothelial cells and retinal microvascular endothelial cells. Variations of cell density, growth factor supplementation, and media composition are systematically explored to induce vasculogenesis in endothelial mono- and cocultures with mesenchymal stromal cells or retinal microvascular pericytes in 384-well plate formats. The developed cultures are shown to respond to vasculogenesis inhibitors in a compound- and dose-dependent manner, demonstrating the scope and power of PCS-X in creating parallelized tissue and disease models for drug discovery and individualized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Dennison
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maximilian Fusenig
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lisa Grönnert
- Ocular Technologies, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, 4070, Switzerland
| | - Manfred F Maitz
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Manja Wobus
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Freudenberg
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Friedrichs
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter D Westenskow
- Ocular Technologies, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, 4070, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden and Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
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3
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Bertucci T, Kakarla S, Winkelman MA, Lane K, Stevens K, Lotz S, Grath A, James D, Temple S, Dai G. Direct differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into vascular network along with supporting mural cells. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:036107. [PMID: 37564277 PMCID: PMC10411996 DOI: 10.1063/5.0155207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, endothelial cells (ECs) undergo vasculogenesis to form a primitive plexus and assemble into networks comprised of mural cell-stabilized vessels with molecularly distinct artery and vein signatures. This organized vasculature is established prior to the initiation of blood flow and depends on a sequence of complex signaling events elucidated primarily in animal models, but less studied and understood in humans. Here, we have developed a simple vascular differentiation protocol for human pluripotent stem cells that generates ECs, pericytes, and smooth muscle cells simultaneously. When this protocol is applied in a 3D hydrogel, we demonstrate that it recapitulates the dynamic processes of early human vessel formation, including acquisition of distinct arterial and venous fates, resulting in a vasculogenesis angiogenesis model plexus (VAMP). The VAMP captures the major stages of vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and vascular network formation and is a simple, rapid, scalable model system for studying early human vascular development in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shravani Kakarla
- Northeastern University, Department of Bioengineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Max A. Winkelman
- Northeastern University, Department of Bioengineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Keith Lane
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, New York 12144, USA
| | | | - Steven Lotz
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, New York 12144, USA
| | - Alexander Grath
- Northeastern University, Department of Bioengineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Daylon James
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Sally Temple
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, New York 12144, USA
| | - Guohao Dai
- Northeastern University, Department of Bioengineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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4
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Rabino M, Sommariva E, Zacchigna S, Pompilio G. From bedside to the bench: patient-specific hiPSC-EC models uncover endothelial dysfunction in genetic cardiomyopathies. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1237101. [PMID: 37538375 PMCID: PMC10394630 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1237101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic cardiomyopathies are a group of inherited disorders in which myocardial structure and function are damaged. Many of these pathologies are rare and present with heterogenous phenotypes, thus personalized models are required to completely uncover their pathological mechanisms and develop valuable therapeutic strategies. Both cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, differentiated from patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells, represent the most studied human cardiac cell models in the context of genetic cardiomyopathies. While endothelial dysfunction has been recognized as a possible pathogenetic mechanism, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells are less studied, despite they constitute a suitable model to specifically dissect the role of the dysfunctional endothelium in the development and progression of these pathologies. In this review, we summarize the main studies in which human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells are used to investigate endothelial dysfunction in genetic-based cardiomyopathies to highlight new potential targets exploitable for therapeutic intervention, and we discuss novel perspectives that encourage research in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rabino
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino—IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Sommariva
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino—IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- Unit of Cardio-Oncology, Centro Cardiologico Monzino—IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino—IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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5
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Yin S, Cao Y. Hydrogels for Large-Scale Expansion of Stem Cells. Acta Biomater 2021; 128:1-20. [PMID: 33746032 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells demonstrate considerable promise for various preclinical and clinical applications, including drug screening, disease treatments, and regenerative medicine. Producing high-quality and large amounts of stem cells is in demand for these applications. Despite challenges, as hydrogel-based cell culture technology has developed, tremendous progress has been made in stem cell expansion and directed differentiation. Hydrogels are soft materials with abundant water. Many hydrogel properties, including biodegradability, mechanical strength, and porosity, have been shown to play essential roles in regulating stem cell proliferation and differentiation. The biochemical and physical properties of hydrogels can be specifically tailored to mimic the native microenvironment that various stem cells reside in vivo. A few hydrogel-based systems have been developed for successful stem cell cultures and expansion in vitro. In this review, we summarize various types of hydrogels that have been designed to effectively enhance the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), respectively. According to each stem cell type's preference, we also discuss strategies for fabricating hydrogels with biochemical and mechanical cues and other characteristics representing microenvironments of stem cells in vivo. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this review article we summarize current progress on the construction of hydrogel systems for the culture and expansion of various stem cells, including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). The Significance includes: (1) Provide detailed discussion on the stem cell niches that should be considered for stem cell in vitro expansion. (2) Summarize various strategies to construct hydrogels that can largely recapture the microenvironment of native stem cells. (3) Suggest a few future directions that can be implemented to improve current in vitro stem cell expansion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yin
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Chemistry and Biomedicine innovation center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen, China, 518057
| | - Yi Cao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Chemistry and Biomedicine innovation center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen, China, 518057.
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6
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Roux BM, Vaicik MK, Shrestha B, Montelongo S, Stojkova K, Yang F, Guda T, Cinar A, Brey EM. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Networks Accelerate Vascularization But Not Bone Regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 27:940-961. [PMID: 32924856 PMCID: PMC8336421 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascularization is critical for engineering mineralized tissues. It has been previously shown that biomaterials containing preformed endothelial networks anastomose to host vasculature following implantation. However, the networks alone may not increase regeneration. In addition, a clinically applicable source of cells for vascularization is needed. In this study, vascular networks were generated from endothelial cells (ECs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Network formation by iPSC-ECs within fibrin gels was investigated in a mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) coculture spheroid model. Statistical design of experiments technique was evaluated for its predicting capability during the optimization of experimental parameters. The prevascularized units were combined with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles to develop a vascularized composite hydrogel that was implanted in a rodent critical-sized cranial defect model. Immunohistological staining for human-specific CD31 at week 1 indicated the presence and maintenance of the implanted vessels. At 8 weeks, the prevascularized systems resulted in higher vessel density over MSC-only scaffolds. The implanted vessels appeared to establish flow with host vasculature. While there was a slight increase in bone volume in the prevascularized bone construct compared to MSC-only bone constructs, there was not a profound increase in bone regeneration. These results show that scaffolds with network structures can be generated from ECs derived from iPSC and that the networks survive and inosculate with the host postimplantation in a bone model. Impact statement Vascularization is critical for engineering bone. Prevascularized scaffolds have been shown to improve postimplantation vascularization. Herein, vascularized networks were generated from induced pluripotent cells derived from endothelial cells. These vascularized units were combined with a fibrin/hydroxyapatite scaffold to develop a prevascularized construct for bone regeneration. Implantation of these scaffolds in a small animal cranial defect model resulted in network inosculation and increased vascularization, but exhibited only a limited effect on bone formation. This study provides insight into the challenges of generating vascularized bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna M. Roux
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Research Service, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA
| | - Marcella K. Vaicik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Research Service, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA
| | - Binita Shrestha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Sergio Montelongo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Katerina Stojkova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Feipeng Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Teja Guda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ali Cinar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Eric M. Brey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Research Service, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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7
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Li X, Yu Y, Wei R, Li Y, Lv J, Liu Z, Zhang Y. In vitro and in vivo study on angiogenesis of porcine induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells. Differentiation 2021; 120:10-18. [PMID: 34116291 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are a promising source of endothelial cells (ECs) for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Since clinical application of embryo stem cells (ESCs) involves issues of medical ethics and risk of immune rejection, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) will facilitate cell transplantation therapy for the cardiovascular diseases. Swine is identified as an ideal large-animal model for human, because of its similar organ size and physiological characteristics. However, there are very few studies on EC differentiation of porcine iPSCs (piPSCs). In recent study, we provided an efficient protocol to differentiate piPSCs into ECs with the purity of 19.76% CD31 positive cells within 16 days. Passaging of these cells yielded a nearly pure population, which also expressed other endothelial markers such as CD144, eNOS and vWF. Besides, these cells exhibited functions of ECs such as uptake of low-density lipoprotein and formation of tubes in vitro or blood vessels in vivo. Our study successfully obtained ECs from piPSCs via a feeder- and serum-free monolayer system and demonstrated their angiogenic function in vivo and in vitro. piPSC-ECs derivation is not only potential for the autologous cell transplantation and cardiovascular drug screening, but also for the mechanistic studies on EC differentiation and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechun Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Renyue Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yimei Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jiawei Lv
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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8
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Tu C, Cunningham NJ, Zhang M, Wu JC. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Screening Platform for Drug-Induced Vascular Toxicity. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:613837. [PMID: 33790786 PMCID: PMC8006367 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.613837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of potential vascular injury is an essential part of the safety study during pharmaceutical development. Vascular liability issues are important causes of drug termination during preclinical investigations. Currently, preclinical assessment of vascular toxicity primarily relies on the use of animal models. However, accumulating evidence indicates a significant discrepancy between animal toxicity and human toxicity, casting doubt on the clinical relevance of animal models for such safety studies. While the causes of this discrepancy are expected to be multifactorial, species differences are likely a key factor. Consequently, a human-based model is a desirable solution to this problem, which has been made possible by the advent of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In particular, recent advances in the field now allow the efficient generation of a variety of vascular cells (e.g., endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and pericytes) from iPSCs. Using these cells, different vascular models have been established, ranging from simple 2D cultures to highly sophisticated vascular organoids and microfluidic devices. Toxicity testing using these models can recapitulate key aspects of vascular pathology on molecular (e.g., secretion of proinflammatory cytokines), cellular (e.g., cell apoptosis), and in some cases, tissue (e.g., endothelium barrier dysfunction) levels. These encouraging data provide the rationale for continuing efforts in the exploration, optimization, and validation of the iPSC technology in vascular toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyi Tu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Nathan J Cunningham
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mao Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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9
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A cross-platform approach to characterize and screen potential neurovascular unit toxicants. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 96:300-315. [PMID: 32590145 PMCID: PMC9773816 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Development of the neurovascular unit (NVU) is a complex, multistage process that requires orchestrated cell signaling mechanisms across several cell types and ultimately results in formation of the blood-brain barrier. Typical high-throughput screening (HTS) assays investigate single biochemical or single cell responses following chemical insult. As the NVU comprises multiple cell types interacting at various stages of development, a methodology combining high-throughput results across pertinent cell-based assays is needed to investigate potential chemical-induced disruption to the development of this complex cell system. To this end, we implemented a novel method for screening putative NVU disruptors across diverse assay platforms to predict chemical perturbation of the developing NVU. HTS assay results measuring chemical-induced perturbations to cellular key events across angiogenic and neurogenic outcomes in vitro were combined to create a cell-based prioritization of NVU hazard. Chemicals were grouped according to similar modes of action to train a logistic regression literature model on a training set of 38 chemicals. This model utilizes the chemical-specific pairwise mutual information score for PubMed MeSH annotations to represent a quantitative measure of previously published results. Taken together, this study presents a methodology to investigate NVU developmental hazard using cell-based HTS assays and literature evidence to prioritize screening of putative NVU disruptors towards a knowledge-driven characterization of neurovascular developmental toxicity. The results from these screening efforts demonstrate that chemicals representing a range of putative vascular disrupting compound (pVDC) scores can also produce effects on neurogenic outcomes and characterizes possible modes of action for disrupting the developing NVU.
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10
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He YJ, Santana MF, Moucka M, Quirk J, Shuaibi A, Pimentel MB, Grossman S, Rashid MM, Cinar A, Georgiadis JG, Vaicik M, Kawaji K, Venerus DC, Papavasiliou G. Immobilized RGD concentration and proteolytic degradation synergistically enhance vascular sprouting within hydrogel scaffolds of varying modulus. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2020; 31:324-349. [PMID: 31774730 PMCID: PMC7185153 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2019.1692640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient vascularization limits the volume and complexity of engineered tissue. The formation of new blood vessels (neovascularization) is regulated by a complex interplay of cellular interactions with biochemical and biophysical signals provided by the extracellular matrix (ECM) necessitating the development of biomaterial approaches that enable systematic modulation in matrix properties. To address this need poly(ethylene) glycol-based hydrogel scaffolds were engineered with a range of decoupled and combined variations in integrin-binding peptide (RGD) ligand concentration, elastic modulus and proteolytic degradation rate using free-radical polymerization chemistry. The modularity of this system enabled a full factorial experimental design to simultaneously investigate the individual and interaction effects of these matrix cues on vascular sprout formation in 3 D culture. Enhancements in scaffold proteolytic degradation rate promoted significant increases in vascular sprout length and junction number while increases in modulus significantly and negatively impacted vascular sprouting. We also observed that individual variations in immobilized RGD concentration did not significantly impact 3 D vascular sprouting. Our findings revealed a previously unidentified and optimized combination whereby increases in both immobilized RGD concentration and proteolytic degradation rate resulted in significant and synergistic enhancements in 3 D vascular spouting. The above-mentioned findings would have been challenging to uncover using one-factor-at-time experimental analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng J. He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Martin F. Santana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Madison Moucka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX
| | - Jack Quirk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Asma Shuaibi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Marja B. Pimentel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Sophie Grossman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Mudassir M. Rashid
- Department Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Ali Cinar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
- Department Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - John G. Georgiadis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Marcella Vaicik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Keigo Kawaji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - David C. Venerus
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ
| | - Georgia Papavasiliou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
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11
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Baker NC, Sipes NS, Franzosa J, Belair DG, Abbott BD, Judson RS, Knudsen TB. Characterizing cleft palate toxicants using ToxCast data, chemical structure, and the biomedical literature. Birth Defects Res 2019; 112:19-39. [PMID: 31471948 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cleft palate has been linked to both genetic and environmental factors that perturb key events during palatal morphogenesis. As a developmental outcome, it presents a challenging, mechanistically complex endpoint for predictive modeling. A data set of 500 chemicals evaluated for their ability to induce cleft palate in animal prenatal developmental studies was compiled from Toxicity Reference Database and the biomedical literature, which included 63 cleft palate active and 437 inactive chemicals. To characterize the potential molecular targets for chemical-induced cleft palate, we mined the ToxCast high-throughput screening database for patterns and linkages in bioactivity profiles and chemical structural descriptors. ToxCast assay results were filtered for cytotoxicity and grouped by target gene activity to produce a "gene score." Following unsuccessful attempts to derive a global prediction model using structural and gene score descriptors, hierarchical clustering was applied to the set of 63 cleft palate positives to extract local structure-bioactivity clusters for follow-up study. Patterns of enrichment were confirmed on the complete data set, that is, including cleft palate inactives, and putative molecular initiating events identified. The clusters corresponded to ToxCast assays for cytochrome P450s, G-protein coupled receptors, retinoic acid receptors, the glucocorticoid receptor, and tyrosine kinases/phosphatases. These patterns and linkages were organized into preliminary decision trees and the resulting inferences were mapped to a putative adverse outcome pathway framework for cleft palate supported by literature evidence of current mechanistic understanding. This general data-driven approach offers a promising avenue for mining chemical-bioassay drivers of complex developmental endpoints where data are often limited.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nisha S Sipes
- NIEHS Division of the National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Jill Franzosa
- IOAA CSS, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - David G Belair
- NHEERL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Barbara D Abbott
- NHEERL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Richard S Judson
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Thomas B Knudsen
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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12
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Nguyen EH, Dombroe MJ, Fisk DL, Daly WT, Sorenson CM, Murphy WL, Sheibani N. Neurovascular Organotypic Culture Models Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Assess Adverse Chemical Exposure Outcomes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 5:92-110. [PMID: 32292797 DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2018.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent a promising cell source for the construction of organotypic culture models for chemical toxicity screening and characterization. Materials and Methods: To characterize the effects of chemical exposure on the human neurovasculature, we constructed neurovascular unit (NVU) models consisting of endothelial cells (ECs) and astrocytes (ACs) derived from human-iPSCs, as well as human brain-derived pericytes (PCs). The cells were cocultured on synthetic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels that guided the self-assembly of capillary-like vascular networks. High-content epifluorescence microscopy evaluated dose-dependent changes to multiple aspects of NVU morphology. Results: Cultured vascular networks underwent quantifiable morphological changes when incubated with vascular disrupting chemicals. The activity of predicted vascular disrupting chemicals from a panel of 38 compounds (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) was ranked based on morphological features detected in the NVU model. In addition, unique morphological neurovascular disruption signatures were detected per chemical. A comparison of PEG-based NVU and Matrigel™-based NVU models found greater sensitivity and consistency in chemical detection by the PEG-based NVU models. Discussion: We suspect that specific morphological changes may be used for discerning adverse outcome pathways initiated by chemical exposure and rapid mechanistic characterization of chemical exposure to neurovascular function. Conclusion: The use of human stem cell-derived vascular tissue and PEG hydrogels in the construction of NVU models leads to rapid detection of adverse chemical effects on neurovascular stability. The use of multiple cell types in coculture elucidates potential mechanisms of action by chemicals applied to the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H Nguyen
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Micah J Dombroe
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Debra L Fisk
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - William T Daly
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Christine M Sorenson
- Department of Pediatrics, and University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - William L Murphy
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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13
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Abstract
The more than 80,000 chemicals in commerce present a challenge for hazard assessments that toxicity testing in the 21st century strives to address through high-throughput screening (HTS) assays. Assessing chemical effects on human development adds an additional layer of complexity to the screening, with a need to capture complex and dynamic events essential for proper embryo-fetal development. HTS data from ToxCast/Tox21 informs systems toxicology models, which incorporate molecular targets and biological pathways into mechanistic models describing the effects of chemicals on human cells, 3D organotypic culture models, and small model organisms. Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) provide a useful framework for integrating the evidence derived from these in silico and in vitro systems to inform chemical hazard characterization. To illustrate this formulation, we have built an AOP for developmental toxicity through a mode of action linked to embryonic vascular disruption (Aop43). Here, we review the model for quantitative prediction of developmental vascular toxicity from ToxCast HTS data and compare the HTS results to functional vascular development assays in complex cell systems, virtual tissues, and small model organisms. ToxCast HTS predictions from several published and unpublished assays covering different aspects of the angiogenic cycle were generated for a test set of 38 chemicals representing a range of putative vascular disrupting compounds (pVDCs). Results boost confidence in the capacity to predict adverse developmental outcomes from HTS in vitro data and model computational dynamics for in silico reconstruction of developmental systems biology. Finally, we demonstrate the integration of the AOP and developmental systems toxicology to investigate the unique modes of action of two angiogenesis inhibitors.
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14
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Chen W, Xia P, Wang H, Tu J, Liang X, Zhang X, Li L. The endothelial tip-stalk cell selection and shuffling during angiogenesis. J Cell Commun Signal 2019; 13:291-301. [PMID: 30903604 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-019-00511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a critical, fine-tuned, multi-staged biological process. Tip-stalk cell selection and shuffling are the building blocks of sprouting angiogenesis. Accumulated evidences show that tip-stalk cell selection and shuffling are regulated by a variety of physical, chemical and biological factors, especially the interaction among multiple genes, their products and environments. The classic Notch-VEGFR, Slit-Robo, ECM-binding integrin, semaphorin and CCN family play important roles in tip-stalk cell selection and shuffling. In this review, we outline the progress and prospect in the mechanism and the roles of the various molecules and related signaling pathways in endothelial tip-stalk cell selection and shuffling. In the future, the regulators of tip-stalk cell selection and shuffling would be the potential markers and targets for angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Xia
- Department of Anesthesia, Jilin Provincial People's Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Heping Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihao Tu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyue Liang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China. .,Institute of Immunology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Lisha Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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15
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Kaushik G, Gil DA, Torr E, Berge ES, Soref C, Uhl P, Fontana G, Antosiewicz-Bourget J, Edington C, Schwartz MP, Griffith LG, Thomson JA, Skala MC, Daly WT, Murphy WL. Quantitative Label-Free Imaging of 3D Vascular Networks Self-Assembled in Synthetic Hydrogels. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801186. [PMID: 30565891 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascularization is an important strategy to overcome diffusion limits and enable the formation of complex, physiologically relevant engineered tissues and organoids. Self-assembly is a technique to generate in vitro vascular networks, but engineering the necessary network morphology and function remains challenging. Here, autofluorescence multiphoton microscopy (aMPM), a label-free imaging technique, is used to quantitatively evaluate in vitro vascular network morphology. Vascular networks are generated using human embryonic stem cell-derived endothelial cells and primary human pericytes encapsulated in synthetic poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels. Two custom-built bioreactors are used to generate distinct fluid flow patterns during vascular network formation: recirculating flow or continuous flow. aMPM is used to image these 3D vascular networks without the need for fixation, labels, or dyes. Image processing and analysis algorithms are developed to extract quantitative morphological parameters from these label-free images. It is observed with aMPM that both bioreactors promote formation of vascular networks with lower network anisotropy compared to static conditions, and the continuous flow bioreactor induces more branch points compared to static conditions. Importantly, these results agree with trends observed with immunocytochemistry. These studies demonstrate that aMPM allows label-free monitoring of vascular network morphology to streamline optimization of growth conditions and provide quality control of engineered tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kaushik
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways (HMAPs) Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Daniel A Gil
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 North Orchard Street, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Elizabeth Torr
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways (HMAPs) Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Berge
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 North Orchard Street, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Cheryl Soref
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways (HMAPs) Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Peyton Uhl
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways (HMAPs) Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Gianluca Fontana
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways (HMAPs) Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jessica Antosiewicz-Bourget
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways (HMAPs) Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 North Orchard Street, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Collin Edington
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael P Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Linda G Griffith
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - James A Thomson
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways (HMAPs) Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 North Orchard Street, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Melissa C Skala
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways (HMAPs) Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 North Orchard Street, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - William T Daly
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways (HMAPs) Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways (HMAPs) Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5418, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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16
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Saili KS, Zurlinden TJ, Schwab AJ, Silvin A, Baker NC, Hunter ES, Ginhoux F, Knudsen TB. Blood-brain barrier development: Systems modeling and predictive toxicology. Birth Defects Res 2018; 109:1680-1710. [PMID: 29251840 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) serves as a gateway for passage of drugs, chemicals, nutrients, metabolites, and hormones between vascular and neural compartments in the brain. Here, we review BBB development with regard to the microphysiology of the neurovascular unit (NVU) and the impact of BBB disruption on brain development. Our focus is on modeling these complex systems. Extant in silico models are available as tools to predict the probability of drug/chemical passage across the BBB; in vitro platforms for high-throughput screening and high-content imaging provide novel data streams for profiling chemical-biological interactions; and engineered human cell-based microphysiological systems provide empirical models with which to investigate the dynamics of NVU function. Computational models are needed that bring together kinetic and dynamic aspects of NVU function across gestation and under various physiological and toxicological scenarios. This integration will inform adverse outcome pathways to reduce uncertainty in translating in vitro data and in silico models for use in risk assessments that aim to protect neurodevelopmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerine S Saili
- National Center for Computational Toxicology (NCCT); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Todd J Zurlinden
- National Center for Computational Toxicology (NCCT); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Andrew J Schwab
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Aymeric Silvin
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore
| | - Nancy C Baker
- Leidos, contractor to NCCT, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - E Sidney Hunter
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore
| | - Thomas B Knudsen
- National Center for Computational Toxicology (NCCT); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
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17
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Nguyen EH, Murphy WL. Customizable biomaterials as tools for advanced anti-angiogenic drug discovery. Biomaterials 2018; 181:53-66. [PMID: 30077137 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of angiogenesis is a critical element of cancer therapy, as cancer vasculature contributes to tumor expansion. While numerous drugs have proven to be effective at disrupting cancer vasculature, patient survival has not significantly improved as a result of anti-angiogenic drug treatment. Emerging evidence suggests that this is due to a combination of unintended side effects resulting from the application of anti-angiogenic compounds, including angiogenic rebound after treatment and the activation of metastasis in the tumor. There is currently a need to better understand the far-reaching effects of anti-angiogenic drug treatments in the context of cancer. Numerous innovations and discoveries in biomaterials design and tissue engineering techniques are providing investigators with tools to develop physiologically relevant vascular models and gain insights into the holistic impact of drug treatments on tumors. This review examines recent advances in the design of pro-angiogenic biomaterials, specifically in controlling integrin-mediated cell adhesion, growth factor signaling, mechanical properties and oxygen tension, as well as the implementation of pro-angiogenic materials into sophisticated co-culture models of cancer vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Human Models for Analysis of Pathways (Human MAPs) Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Human Models for Analysis of Pathways (Human MAPs) Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
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18
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Stapleton PA, Wingard CJ, Nurkiewicz TR, Holloway AC, Zelikoff JT, Knudsen TB, Rogers LK. Cardiopulmonary consequences of gestational toxicant exposure: Symposium overview at the 56th annual SOT meeting, Baltimore, MD. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 79:16-20. [PMID: 29709519 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Xenobiotic exposures affect the maternal and/or in utero environment resulting in impairments in fetal development. During the period of rapid fetal growth, developing cardiovascular systems are especially vulnerable to their environment. Furthermore, fetal exposures can evoke changes in epigenetic signatures that result in permanent modifications in gene expression. This symposium focused on the intersection between maternal and fetal exposure and the developing cardiovascular system. The impact of maternal exposures on prenatal development is of major concern for regulatory agencies given the unique vulnerability of the embryo/fetus to environmental factors, the importance of vascular biology to maternal-fetal interactions, and the adverse consequences of vascular disruption to children's health. Speakers provided data from diverse exposures: nanomaterials, particulate matter or air pollution (PM2.5), nicotine, and environmental chemicals. The current findings related to susceptible gestational windows for cardiovascular development and epigenetic, transcriptomic, toxicokinetic, and toxicodynamic changes in vascular physiology and cardiac function. In response to these concerns, new concepts in predictive modeling and risk assessment associated with in utero exposures were presented as future avenues of research within developmental toxicology. Finally, current applications using an Adverse Outcome Pathway framework for developmental toxicity were presented to integrate data from in vitro profiling of chemical libraries (e.g. ToxCast™) with computational models for in silico toxicology. In summary, this symposium addressed the significant threats to cardiovascular health that are associated with fetal/perinatal exposures, and offered new insights into the predictive, mechanistic, and risk assessment strategies in developmental toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe A Stapleton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Christopher J Wingard
- College of Health Professions, School of Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Bellarmine University, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Timothy R Nurkiewicz
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Toxicology Working Group, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Judith T Zelikoff
- New York University School of Medicine, Dept. of Environmental Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY, USA
| | - Thomas B Knudsen
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Lynette K Rogers
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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19
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Bezenah JR, Kong YP, Putnam AJ. Evaluating the potential of endothelial cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells to form microvascular networks in 3D cultures. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2671. [PMID: 29422650 PMCID: PMC5805762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20966-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A major translational challenge in the fields of therapeutic angiogenesis and regenerative medicine is the need to create functional microvasculature. The purpose of this study was to assess whether a potentially autologous endothelial cell (EC) source derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-ECs) can form the same robust, stable microvasculature as previously documented for other sources of ECs. We utilized a well-established in vitro assay, in which endothelial cell-coated (iPSC-EC or HUVEC) beads were co-embedded with fibroblasts in a 3D fibrin matrix to assess their ability to form stable microvessels. iPSC-ECs exhibited a five-fold reduction in capillary network formation compared to HUVECs. Increasing matrix density reduced sprouting, although this effect was attenuated by distributing the NHLFs throughout the matrix. Inhibition of both MMP- and plasmin-mediated fibrinolysis was required to completely block sprouting of both HUVECs and iPSC-ECs. Further analysis revealed MMP-9 expression and activity were significantly lower in iPSC-EC/NHLF co-cultures than in HUVEC/NHLF co-cultures at later time points, which may account for the observed deficiencies in angiogenic sprouting of the iPSC-ECs. Collectively, these findings suggest fundamental differences in EC phenotypes must be better understood to enable the promise and potential of iPSC-ECs for clinical translation to be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Bezenah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Yen P Kong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Andrew J Putnam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
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20
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Lin Y, Gil CH, Yoder MC. Differentiation, Evaluation, and Application of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:2014-2025. [PMID: 29025705 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology paves the way to generate large numbers of patient-specific endothelial cells (ECs) that can be potentially delivered for regenerative medicine in patients with cardiovascular disease. In the last decade, numerous protocols that differentiate EC from iPSC have been developed by many groups. In this review, we will discuss several common strategies that have been optimized for human iPSC-EC differentiation and subsequent studies that have evaluated the potential of human iPSC-EC as a cell therapy or as a tool in disease modeling. In addition, we will emphasize the importance of using in vivo vessel-forming ability and in vitro clonogenic colony-forming potential as a gold standard with which to evaluate the quality of human iPSC-EC derived from various protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lin
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research (Y.L., C.-H.G., M.C.Y.) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.L., M.C.Y.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Chang-Hyun Gil
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research (Y.L., C.-H.G., M.C.Y.) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.L., M.C.Y.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Mervin C Yoder
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research (Y.L., C.-H.G., M.C.Y.) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.L., M.C.Y.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis.
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21
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Iwata Y, Klaren WD, Lebakken CS, Grimm FA, Rusyn I. High-Content Assay Multiplexing for Vascular Toxicity Screening in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2017; 15:267-279. [PMID: 28771372 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2017.786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) play a major role in blood vessel formation and function. While there is longstanding evidence for the potential of chemical exposures to adversely affect EC function and vascular development, the hazard potential of chemicals with respect to vascular effects is not routinely evaluated in safety assessments. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived ECs promise to provide a physiologically relevant, organotypic culture model that is amenable for high-throughput (HT) EC toxicant screening and may represent a viable alternative to traditional in vitro models, including human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). To evaluate the utility of iPSC-ECs for multidimensional HT toxicity profiling of chemicals, both iPSC-ECs and HUVECs were exposed to selected positive (angiogenesis inhibitors, cytotoxic agents) and negative compounds in concentration response for either 16 or 24 h in a 384-well plate format. Furthermore, chemical effects on vascularization were quantified using EC angiogenesis on biological (Geltrex™) and synthetic (SP-105 angiogenesis hydrogel) extracellular matrices. Cellular toxicity was assessed using high-content live cell imaging and the CellTiter-Glo® assay. Assay performance indicated good to excellent assay sensitivity and reproducibility for both cell types investigated. Both iPSC-derived ECs and HUVECs formed tube-like structures on Geltrex™ and hydrogel, an effect that was inhibited by angiogenesis inhibitors and cytotoxic agents in a concentration-dependent manner. The quality of HT assays in HUVECs was generally higher than that in iPSC-ECs. Altogether, this study demonstrates the capability of ECs for comprehensive assessment of the biological effects of chemicals on vasculature in a HT compatible format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Iwata
- 1 Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - William D Klaren
- 1 Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | | | - Fabian A Grimm
- 1 Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- 1 Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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22
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Abstract
The physiological relevance of Matrigel as a cell-culture substrate and in angiogenesis assays is often called into question. Here, we describe an array-based method for the identification of synthetic hydrogels that promote the formation of robust in vitro vascular networks for the detection of putative vascular disruptors, and that support human embryonic stem cell expansion and pluripotency. We identified hydrogel substrates that promoted endothelial-network formation by primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells and by endothelial cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells, and used the hydrogels with endothelial networks to identify angiogenesis inhibitors. The synthetic hydrogels show superior sensitivity and reproducibility over Matrigel when evaluating known inhibitors, as well as in a blinded screen of a subset of 38 chemicals, selected according to predicted vascular disruption potential, from the Toxicity ForeCaster library of the US Environmental Protection Agency. The identified synthetic hydrogels should be suitable alternatives to Matrigel for common cell-culture applications.
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23
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Zhang J, Schwartz MP, Hou Z, Bai Y, Ardalani H, Swanson S, Steill J, Ruotti V, Elwell A, Nguyen BK, Bolin J, Stewart R, Thomson JA, Murphy WL. A Genome-wide Analysis of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells in 2D or 3D Culture. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:907-918. [PMID: 28343999 PMCID: PMC5390115 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A defined protocol for efficiently deriving endothelial cells from human pluripotent stem cells was established and vascular morphogenesis was used as a model system to understand how synthetic hydrogels influence global biological function compared with common 2D and 3D culture platforms. RNA sequencing demonstrated that gene expression profiles were similar for endothelial cells and pericytes cocultured in polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels or Matrigel, while monoculture comparisons identified distinct vascular signatures for each cell type. Endothelial cells cultured on tissue-culture polystyrene adopted a proliferative phenotype compared with cells cultured on or encapsulated in PEG hydrogels. The proliferative phenotype correlated to increased FAK-ERK activity, and knockdown or inhibition of ERK signaling reduced proliferation and expression for cell-cycle genes while increasing expression for “3D-like” vasculature development genes. Our results provide insight into the influence of 2D and 3D culture formats on global biological processes that regulate cell function. Defined, high-efficiency differentiation of human PSCs to endothelial cell Comprehensive genome-wide comparisons of 2D and 3D cell-culture formats Gene expression profiles for endothelial cells and pericytes in 3D cell culture Highly proliferative phenotypes on tissue-culture polystyrene surfaces
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Zhang
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Michael P Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, Room 5405, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Zhonggang Hou
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Yongsheng Bai
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Hamisha Ardalani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, Room 5405, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Scott Swanson
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - John Steill
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Victor Ruotti
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Angela Elwell
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Bao Kim Nguyen
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Jennifer Bolin
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Ron Stewart
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - James A Thomson
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Cell & Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular, & Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, Room 5405, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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24
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Calderon GA, Thai P, Hsu CW, Grigoryan B, Gibson SM, Dickinson ME, Miller JS. Tubulogenesis of co-cultured human iPS-derived endothelial cells and human mesenchymal stem cells in fibrin and gelatin methacrylate gels. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:1652-1660. [DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00223h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Here, we investigate the tubulogenic potential of commercially-sourced iPS-ECs with and without supporting commercially-sourced hMSCs within 3D natural fibrin or semi-synthetic gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P. Thai
- Department of Bioengineering
- Rice University
- Houston
- USA
| | - C. W. Hsu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
- Baylor College of Medicine
- Houston
- USA
| | - B. Grigoryan
- Department of Bioengineering
- Rice University
- Houston
- USA
| | - S. M. Gibson
- Department of Bioengineering
- Rice University
- Houston
- USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
| | - M. E. Dickinson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
- Baylor College of Medicine
- Houston
- USA
| | - J. S. Miller
- Department of Bioengineering
- Rice University
- Houston
- USA
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25
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Belair DG, Miller MJ, Wang S, Darjatmoko SR, Binder BYK, Sheibani N, Murphy WL. Differential regulation of angiogenesis using degradable VEGF-binding microspheres. Biomaterials 2016; 93:27-37. [PMID: 27061268 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) spatial and temporal activity must be tightly controlled during angiogenesis to form perfusable vasculature in a healing wound. The native extracellular matrix (ECM) regulates growth factor activity locally via sequestering, and researchers have used ECM-mimicking approaches to regulate the activity of VEGF in cell culture and in vivo. However, the impact of dynamic, affinity-mediated growth factor sequestering has not been explored in detail with biomaterials. Here, we sought to modulate VEGF activity dynamically over time using poly(ethylene glycol) microspheres containing VEGF-binding peptides (VBPs) and exhibiting varying degradation rates. The degradation rate of VBP microspheres conferred a differential ability to up- or down-regulate VEGF activity in culture with primary human endothelial cells. VBP microspheres with fast-degrading crosslinks reduced VEGF activity and signaling, while VBP microspheres with no inherent degradability sequestered and promoted VEGF activity in culture with endothelial cells. VBP microspheres with degradable crosslinks significantly reduced neovascularization in vivo, but neither non-degradable VBP microspheres nor bolus delivery of soluble VBP reduced neovascularization. The covalent incorporation of VBP to degradable microspheres was required to reduce neovascularization in a mouse model of choroidal neovascularization in vivo, which demonstrates a potential clinical application of degradable VBP microspheres to reduce pathological angiogenesis. The results herein highlight the ability to modulate the activity of a sequestered growth factor by changing the crosslinker identity within PEG hydrogel microspheres. The insights gained here may instruct the design and translation of affinity-based growth factor sequestering biomaterials for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Belair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Michael J Miller
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Shoujian Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | | | | | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA; Material Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.
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