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Zhou Z, Liu J, Xiong T, Liu Y, Tuan RS, Li ZA. Engineering Innervated Musculoskeletal Tissues for Regenerative Orthopedics and Disease Modeling. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310614. [PMID: 38200684 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders significantly burden patients and society, resulting in high healthcare costs and productivity loss. These disorders are the leading cause of physical disability, and their prevalence is expected to increase as sedentary lifestyles become common and the global population of the elderly increases. Proper innervation is critical to maintaining MSK function, and nerve damage or dysfunction underlies various MSK disorders, underscoring the potential of restoring nerve function in MSK disorder treatment. However, most MSK tissue engineering strategies have overlooked the significance of innervation. This review first expounds upon innervation in the MSK system and its importance in maintaining MSK homeostasis and functions. This will be followed by strategies for engineering MSK tissues that induce post-implantation in situ innervation or are pre-innervated. Subsequently, research progress in modeling MSK disorders using innervated MSK organoids and organs-on-chips (OoCs) is analyzed. Finally, the future development of engineering innervated MSK tissues to treat MSK disorders and recapitulate disease mechanisms is discussed. This review provides valuable insights into the underlying principles, engineering methods, and applications of innervated MSK tissues, paving the way for the development of targeted, efficacious therapies for various MSK conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Tiandi Xiong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, P. R. China
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Alan Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, P. R. China
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Scott AK, Gallagher KM, Schneider SE, Kurse A, Neu CP. Epigenetic Priming Enhances Chondrogenic Potential of Expanded Chondrocytes. Tissue Eng Part A 2024; 30:415-425. [PMID: 38323554 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Expansion of chondrocytes presents a major obstacle in the cartilage regeneration procedure, such as matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation. Dedifferentiation of chondrocytes during the expansion process leads to the emergence of a fibrotic (chondrofibrotic) phenotype that decreases the chondrogenic potential of the implanted cells. We aim to (1) determine the extent that chromatin architecture of H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 remodels during dedifferentiation and persists after the transfer to a three-dimensional (3D) culture; and (2) to prevent this persistent remodeling to enhance the chondrogenic potential of expanded bovine chondrocytes, used as a model system. Chromatin architecture remodeling of H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 was observed at 0 population doublings, 8 population doublings, and 16 population doublings (PD16) in a two-dimensional (2D) culture and after encapsulation of the expanded chondrocytes in a 3D hydrogel culture. Chondrocytes were treated with inhibitors of epigenetic modifiers (epigenetic priming) for PD16 and then encapsulated in 3D hydrogels. Chromatin architecture of chondrocytes and gene expression were evaluated before and after encapsulation. We observed a change in chromatin architecture of epigenetic modifications H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 during chondrocyte dedifferentiation. Although inhibiting enzymes that modify H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 did not alter the dedifferentiation process in 2D culture, applying these treatments during the 2D expansion did increase the expression of select chondrogenic genes and protein deposition of type II collagen when transferred to a 3D environment. Overall, we found that epigenetic priming of expanded bovine chondrocytes alters the cell fate when chondrocytes are later encapsulated into a 3D environment, providing a potential method to enhance the success of cartilage regeneration procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne K Scott
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Katie M Gallagher
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Stephanie E Schneider
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Abhijit Kurse
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Corey P Neu
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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Di Caprio N, Davidson MD, Daly AC, Burdick JA. Injectable MSC Spheroid and Microgel Granular Composites for Engineering Tissue. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312226. [PMID: 38178647 PMCID: PMC10994732 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Many cell types require direct cell-cell interactions for differentiation and function; yet, this can be challenging to incorporate into 3-dimensional (3D) structures for the engineering of tissues. Here, a new approach is introduced that combines aggregates of cells (spheroids) with similarly-sized hydrogel particles (microgels) to form granular composites that are injectable, undergo interparticle crosslinking via light for initial stabilization, permit cell-cell contacts for cell signaling, and allow spheroid fusion and growth. One area where this is important is in cartilage tissue engineering, as cell-cell contacts are crucial to chondrogenesis and are missing in many tissue engineering approaches. To address this, granular composites are developed from adult porcine mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) spheroids and hyaluronic acid microgels and simulations and experimental analyses are used to establish the importance of initial MSC spheroid to microgel volume ratios to balance mechanical support with tissue growth. Long-term chondrogenic cultures of granular composites produce engineered cartilage tissue with extensive matrix deposition and mechanical properties within the range of cartilage, as well as integration with native tissue. Altogether, a new strategy of injectable granular composites is developed that leverages the benefits of cell-cell interactions through spheroids with the mechanical stabilization afforded with engineered hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Di Caprio
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Matthew D. Davidson
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Andrew C. Daly
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- CURAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jason A. Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
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Min Z, Li Y, Xiong Y, Wang H, Jiang N. Specific tissue engineering for temporomandibular joint disc perforation. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:231-241. [PMID: 38099894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc is a critical fibrocartilaginous structure with limited regenerative capacity in the oral system. Perforation of the TMJ disc can lead to osteoarthritis and ankylosis of the TMJ because of the lack of disc protection. Clinical treatments for TMJ disc perforation, such as discectomy, hyaluronic acid injection, endoscopic surgery and high position arthroplasty of TMJ, are questionable with regard to long-term outcomes, and only three fourths of TMJ disc perforations are repairable by surgery, even in the short-term. Tissue engineering offers the potential for cure of repairable TMJ disc perforations and regeneration of unrepairable ones. OBJECTIVES This review discusses the classification of TMJ disc perforation and defines typical TMJ disc perforation. Advancements in the engineering-based repair of TMJ disc perforation by stem cell therapy, construction of a disc-like scaffold and functionalization by offering bioactive stimuli are also summarized in the review, and the barriers developing engineering technologies need to overcome to be popularized are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Min
- West China School/Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, China
| | - Yibo Li
- West China School/Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, China
| | - Yichen Xiong
- West China School/Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, China
| | - Huayu Wang
- West China School/Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, China.
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Shan BH, Wu FG. Hydrogel-Based Growth Factor Delivery Platforms: Strategies and Recent Advances. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2210707. [PMID: 37009859 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Growth factors play a crucial role in regulating a broad variety of biological processes and are regarded as powerful therapeutic agents in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in the past decades. However, their application is limited by their short half-lives and potential side effects in physiological environments. Hydrogels are identified as having the promising potential to prolong the half-lives of growth factors and mitigate their adverse effects by restricting them within the matrix to reduce their rapid proteolysis, burst release, and unwanted diffusion. This review discusses recent progress in the development of growth factor-containing hydrogels for various biomedical applications, including wound healing, brain tissue repair, cartilage and bone regeneration, and spinal cord injury repair. In addition, the review introduces strategies for optimizing growth factor release including affinity-based delivery, carrier-assisted delivery, stimuli-responsive delivery, spatial structure-based delivery, and cellular system-based delivery. Finally, the review presents current limitations and future research directions for growth factor-delivering hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Hui Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
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Atwal A, Dale TP, Snow M, Forsyth NR, Davoodi P. Injectable hydrogels: An emerging therapeutic strategy for cartilage regeneration. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 321:103030. [PMID: 37907031 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The impairment of articular cartilage due to traumatic incidents or osteoarthritis has posed significant challenges for healthcare practitioners, researchers, and individuals suffering from these conditions. Due to the absence of an approved treatment strategy for the complete restoration of cartilage defects to their native state, the tissue condition often deteriorates over time, leading to osteoarthritic (OA). However, recent advancements in the field of regenerative medicine have unveiled promising prospects through the utilization of injectable hydrogels. This versatile class of biomaterials, characterized by their ability to emulate the characteristics of native articular cartilage, offers the distinct advantage of minimally invasive administration directly to the site of damage. These hydrogels can also serve as ideal delivery vehicles for a diverse range of bioactive agents, including growth factors, anti-inflammatory drugs, steroids, and cells. The controlled release of such biologically active molecules from hydrogel scaffolds can accelerate cartilage healing, stimulate chondrogenesis, and modulate the inflammatory microenvironment to halt osteoarthritic progression. The present review aims to describe the methods used to design injectable hydrogels, expound upon their applications as delivery vehicles of biologically active molecules, and provide an update on recent advances in leveraging these delivery systems to foster articular cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan Atwal
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Hornbeam building, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom; Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, United Kingdom
| | - Tina P Dale
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Hornbeam building, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom; Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, United Kingdom
| | - Martyn Snow
- Department of Arthroscopy, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B31 2AP, United Kingdom; The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire SY10 7AG, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas R Forsyth
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Hornbeam building, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom; Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, United Kingdom; Vice Principals' Office, University of Aberdeen, Kings College, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - Pooya Davoodi
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Hornbeam building, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom; Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, United Kingdom.
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Schoonraad SA, Jaimes AA, Singh AJX, Croland KJ, Bryant SJ. Osteogenic effects of covalently tethered rhBMP-2 and rhBMP-9 in an MMP-sensitive PEG hydrogel nanocomposite. Acta Biomater 2023; 170:53-67. [PMID: 37634836 PMCID: PMC10831697 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
While bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) is one of the most widely studied BMPs in bone tissue engineering, BMP-9 has been purported to be a highly osteogenic BMP. This work investigates the individual osteogenic effects of recombinant human (rh) BMP-2 and rhBMP-9, when tethered into a hydrogel, on encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). A matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP)-sensitive hydrogel nanocomposite, comprised of poly(ethylene glycol) crosslinked with MMP-sensitive peptides, tethered RGD, and entrapped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles was used. The rhBMPs were functionalized with free thiols and then covalently tethered into the hydrogel by a thiol-norbornene photoclick reaction. rhBMP-2 retained its full bioactivity post-thiolation, while the bioactivity of rhBMP-9 was partially reduced. Nonetheless, both rhBMPs were highly effective at enhancing osteogenesis over 12-weeks in a chemically-defined medium. Expression of ID1 and osterix, early markers of osteogenesis; collagen type I, a main component of the bone extracellular matrix (ECM); and osteopontin, bone sialoprotein II and dentin matrix protein I, mature osteoblast markers, increased with increasing concentrations of tethered rhBMP-2 or rhBMP-9. When comparing the two BMPs, rhBMP-9 led to more rapid collagen deposition and greater mineralization long-term. In summary, rhBMP-2 retained its bioactivity post-thiolation while rhBMP-9 is more susceptible to thiolation. Despite this shortcoming with rhBMP-9, both rhBMPs when tethered into this hydrogel, enhanced osteogenesis of MSCs, leading to a mature osteoblast phenotype surrounded by a mineralized ECM. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Osteoinductive hydrogels are a promising vehicle to deliver mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for bone regeneration. This study examines the in vitro osteoinductive capabilities when tethered bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) are incorporated into a degradable biomimetic hydrogel with cell adhesive ligands, matrix metalloproteinase sensitive crosslinks for cell-mediated degradation, and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. This study demonstrates that BMP-2 is readily thiolated and tethered without loss of bioactivity while bioactivity of BMP-9 is more susceptible to immobilization. Nonetheless, when either BMP2 or BMP9 are tethered into this hydrogel, osteogenesis of human MSCs is enhanced, bone extracellular matrix is deposited, and a mature osteoblast phenotype is achieved. This bone-biomimetic hydrogel is a promising design for stem cell-mediated bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Schoonraad
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of Colorado, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80309-0613, United States
| | - Alan A Jaimes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, United States
| | - Arjun J X Singh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, United States
| | - Kiera J Croland
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, United States
| | - Stephanie J Bryant
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of Colorado, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80309-0613, United States; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, United States; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, United States.
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Fani N, Peshkova M, Bikmulina P, Golroo R, Timashev P, Vosough M. Fabricating the cartilage: recent achievements. Cytotechnology 2023; 75:269-292. [PMID: 37389132 PMCID: PMC10299965 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-023-00582-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to describe the most recent achievements and provide an insight into cartilage engineering and strategies to restore the cartilage defects. Here, we discuss cell types, biomaterials, and biochemical factors applied to form cartilage tissue equivalents and update the status of fabrication techniques, which are used at all stages of engineering the cartilage. The actualized concept to improve the cartilage tissue restoration is based on applying personalized products fabricated using a full cycle platform: a bioprinter, a bioink consisted of ECM-embedded autologous cell aggregates, and a bioreactor. Moreover, in situ platforms can help to skip some steps and enable adjusting the newly formed tissue in the place during the operation. Only some achievements described have passed first stages of clinical translation; nevertheless, the number of their preclinical and clinical trials is expected to grow in the nearest future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesa Fani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria Peshkova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina Bikmulina
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Reihaneh Golroo
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Muniyandi P, O’Hern C, Popa MA, Aguirre A. Biotechnological advances and applications of human pluripotent stem cell-derived heart models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1214431. [PMID: 37560538 PMCID: PMC10407810 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1214431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, significant biotechnological advancements have been made in engineering human cardiac tissues and organ-like models. This field of research is crucial for both basic and translational research due to cardiovascular disease being the leading cause of death in the developed world. Additionally, drug-associated cardiotoxicity poses a major challenge for drug development in the pharmaceutical and biotechnological industries. Progress in three-dimensional cell culture and microfluidic devices has enabled the generation of human cardiac models that faithfully recapitulate key aspects of human physiology. In this review, we will discuss 3D pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-models of the human heart, such as engineered heart tissues and organoids, and their applications in disease modeling and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadharshni Muniyandi
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Colin O’Hern
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Mirel Adrian Popa
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology Nicolae Simionescu, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aitor Aguirre
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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10
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Maples MM, Schneider MC, Bryant SJ. Impact of Inter- and Intra-Donor Variability by Age on the Gel-to-Tissue Transition in MMP-Sensitive PEG Hydrogels for Cartilage Regeneration. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023. [PMID: 37367934 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-sensitive hydrogels are promising for cartilage tissue engineering due to cell-mediated control over hydrogel degradation. However, any variability in MMP, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP), and/or extracellular matrix (ECM) production among donors will impact neotissue formation in the hydrogels. The goal for this study was to investigate the impact of inter- and intra-donor variability on the hydrogel-to-tissue transition. Transforming growth factor β3 was tethered into the hydrogel to maintain the chondrogenic phenotype and support neocartilage production, allowing the use of chemically defined medium. Bovine chondrocytes were isolated from two donor groups, skeletally immature juvenile and skeletally mature adult donors (inter-donor variability) and three donors within each group (intra-donor group variability). While the hydrogel supported neocartilaginous growth by all donors, donor age impacted MMP, TIMP, and ECM synthesis rates. Of the MMPs and TIMPs studied, MMP-1 and TIMP-1 were the most abundantly produced by all donors. Adult chondrocytes secreted higher levels of MMPs, which was accompanied by higher production of TIMPs. Juvenile chondrocytes exhibited more rapid ECM growth. By day 29, juvenile chondrocytes had surpassed the gel-to-tissue transition. On the contrary, the adult donors had a percolated polymer network indicating that despite higher levels of MMPs the gel-to-transition had not yet been achieved. The intra-donor group variability of MMP, TIMP, and ECM production was higher in adult chondrocytes but did not impact the extent of the gel-to-tissue transition. In summary, age-dependent inter-donor variations in MMPs and TIMPs significantly impact the timing of the gel-to-tissue transition in MMP-sensitive hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mollie M Maples
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, United States
| | - Margaret C Schneider
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, United States
| | - Stephanie J Bryant
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, United States
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, United States
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11
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Isaeva E, Kisel A, Beketov E, Demyashkin G, Yakovleva N, Lagoda T, Arguchinskaya N, Baranovsky D, Ivanov S, Shegay P, Kaprin A. Effect of Collagen and GelMA on Preservation of the Costal Chondrocytes' Phenotype in a Scaffold in vivo. Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2023; 15:5-16. [PMID: 37389022 PMCID: PMC10306965 DOI: 10.17691/stm2023.15.2.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare type I collagen-based and methacryloyl gelatin-based (GelMA) hydrogels by their ability to form hyaline cartilage in animals after subcutaneous implantation of scaffolds. Materials and Methods Chondrocytes were isolated from the costal cartilage of newborn rats using 0.15% collagenase solution in DMEM. The cells was characterized by glycosaminoglycan staining with alcian blue. Chondrocyte scaffolds were obtained from 4% type I porcine atelocollagen and 10% GelMA by micromolding and then implanted subcutaneously into the withers of two groups of Wistar rats. Histological and immunohistochemical studies were performed on days 12 and 26 after implantation. Tissue samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, alcian blue; type I and type II collagens were identified by the corresponding antibodies. Results The implanted scaffolds induced a moderate inflammatory response in both groups when implanted in animals. By day 26 after implantation, both collagen and GelMA had almost completely resorbed. Cartilage tissue formation was observed in both animal groups. The newly formed tissue was stained intensively with alcian blue, and the cells were positive for both types of collagen. Cartilage tissue was formed among muscle fibers. Conclusion The ability of collagen type I and GelMA hydrogels to form hyaline cartilage in animals after subcutaneous implantation of scaffolds was studied. Both collagen and GelMA contributed to formation of hyaline-like cartilage tissue type in animals, but the chondrocyte phenotype is characterized as mixed. Additional detailed studies of possible mechanisms of chondrogenesis under the influence of each of the hydrogels are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.V. Isaeva
- Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Tissue Engineering; A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre — Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 10 Zhukova St., Obninsk, 249036, Russia
| | - A.A. Kisel
- Researcher, Laboratory of Tissue Engineering; A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre — Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 10 Zhukova St., Obninsk, 249036, Russia
| | - E.E. Beketov
- Researcher, Laboratory of Medical and Environmental Dosimetry and Radiation Safety; A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre — Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 10 Zhukova St., Obninsk, 249036, Russia; Associate Professor, Engineering Physics Institute of Biomedicine; Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering — Branch of the National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 1 Studgorodok, Obninsk, 249034, Russia
| | - G.A. Demyashkin
- Head of the Department of Pathomorphology; A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre — Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 10 Zhukova St., Obninsk, 249036, Russia; Head of Department of Histology and Immunohistochemistry, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8/2 Malaya Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - N.D. Yakovleva
- Lecturer; Medical Technical School, 75 A Lenina St., Obninsk, 249037, Russia
| | - T.S. Lagoda
- Research Laboratory Assistant, Laboratory of Tissue Engineering; A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre — Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 10 Zhukova St., Obninsk, 249036, Russia
| | - N.V. Arguchinskaya
- Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Tissue Engineering; A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre — Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 10 Zhukova St., Obninsk, 249036, Russia
| | - D.S. Baranovsky
- Head of Laboratory of Tissue Engineering; A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre — Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 10 Zhukova St., Obninsk, 249036, Russia; Researcher, Research and Educational Resource Center for Cellular Technologies; Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - S.A. Ivanov
- Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director; A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre — Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 10 Zhukova St., Obninsk, 249036, Russia; Professor, Department of Oncology and X-ray Radiology named after V.P. Kharchenko, Medical Institute; Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - P.V. Shegay
- Head of the Center for Innovative Radiological and Regenerative Technologies; National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Koroleva St., Obninsk, 249036, Russia
| | - A.D. Kaprin
- Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, General Director; National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Koroleva St., Obninsk, 249036, Russia Head of the Department of Urology and Operative Nephrology with a Course of Oncourology, Medical Institute; Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117198, Russia
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12
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Haq-Siddiqi NA, Britton D, Kim Montclare J. Protein-engineered biomaterials for cartilage therapeutics and repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 192:114647. [PMID: 36509172 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage degeneration and injury are major causes of pain and disability that effect millions, and yet treatment options for conditions like osteoarthritis (OA) continue to be mainly palliative or involve complete replacement of injured joints. Several biomaterial strategies have been explored to address cartilage repair either by the delivery of therapeutics or as support for tissue repair, however the complex structure of cartilage tissue, its mechanical needs, and lack of regenerative capacity have hindered this goal. Recent advances in synthetic biology have opened new possibilities for engineered proteins to address these unique needs. Engineered protein and peptide-based materials benefit from inherent biocompatibility and nearly unlimited tunability as they utilize the body's natural building blocks to fabricate a variety of supramolecular structures. The pathophysiology and needs of OA cartilage are presented here, along with an overview of the current state of the art and next steps for protein-engineered repair strategies for cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada A Haq-Siddiqi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States
| | - Dustin Britton
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States
| | - Jin Kim Montclare
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States; Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York 10003, United States; Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York 10016, United States; Department of Biomaterials, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States.
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13
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Polysaccharides-Based Injectable Hydrogels: Preparation, Characteristics, and Biomedical Applications. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids6040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides-based injectable hydrogels are a unique group of biodegradable and biocompatible materials that have shown great potential in the different biomedical fields. The biomolecules or cells can be simply blended with the hydrogel precursors with a high loading capacity by homogenous mixing. The different physical and chemical crosslinking approaches for preparing polysaccharide-based injectable hydrogels are reviewed. Additionally, the review highlights the recent work using polysaccharides-based injectable hydrogels as stimuli-responsive delivery vehicles for the controlled release of different therapeutic agents and viscoelastic matrix for cell encapsulation. Moreover, the application of polysaccharides-based injectable hydrogel in regenerative medicine as tissue scaffold and wound healing dressing is covered.
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14
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Luo Y, Yuan P, Hu S, Wang H, Zhang H, Ma L. Inflammatory environment-adaptive patterned surface for spatiotemporal immunomodulation of macrophages. Acta Biomater 2022; 153:139-148. [PMID: 36167238 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Designing biomaterials with precise immunomodulation can help to decipher the dynamic interactions between macrophages and biomaterials to match the tissue healing process. Although some advanced stimuli-responsive immunomodulatory biomaterials were reported for cell dynamic modulation, while most triggers need external stimuli by manual intervention, there would be the inevitable errors and uncertainties. Thus, developing immunomodulatory biomaterials with adaptive abilities, which can recognize the inflammation signals, change their properties spatiotemporally under the microenvironment triggers, and provide feedback to realize macrophages modulation in different healing stages, has become a promising strategy. In this work, we developed an inflammation-adaptive Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) -patterned surface for spatiotemporal immunomodulation of macrophage. We fabricated a methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MA-HA) hydrogel with thiol-functionalized RGD-patterned surface by employing photolithography technology. Then, thiol-functionalized RGD contained ROS-cleavable linker was filled the remaining sites and consequently, a dynamic surface with temporary homogeneous RGD was obtained. Under the overproduction of ROS by the inflammation-activated macrophages, the linker was cleaved, and the homogeneous RGD surface was transformed to the RGD patterned surface, which triggered elongation of macrophages and consequently the upregulated expressions of arginase-1, IL-10 and TNF-β1, indicating the polarization toward to anti-inflammatory phenotype. Developing inflammatory environment-adaptive surface for spatiotemporal modulation of macrophages polarization provides a precise and smart strategy for the healing-matched immunomodulation to facilitate healing outcomes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Designing biomaterials with precise immunomodulation can help to decipher the dynamic interactions between macrophages and biomaterials to match tissue repair process. Some immunomodulatory biomaterials were reported for cell dynamic modulation, while most triggers need external manual intervention. Thus, we developed an immunomodulatory biomaterial with inflammation-adaptive patterned surface, which can recognize abnormal signals and change its properties spatiotemporally under the microenvironment triggers, and provide feedback to realize macrophages modulation in different stages. The dynamic surface can adapt to the changes of microenvironment and dynamically to match the cell behavior and tissue healing process on demand without external manual intervention. Additionally, the surface achieves the balance of macrophages with pro- and anti-inflammatory phenotypes in the tissue repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilun Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Peiqi Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Sentao Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hanwen Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haiqi Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lie Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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15
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Bedell ML, Torres AL, Hogan KJ, Wang Z, Wang B, Melchiorri AJ, Grande-Allen KJ, Mikos AG. Human gelatin-based composite hydrogels for osteochondral tissue engineering and their adaptation into bioinks for extrusion, inkjet, and digital light processing bioprinting. Biofabrication 2022; 14:10.1088/1758-5090/ac8768. [PMID: 35931060 PMCID: PMC9633045 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac8768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The investigation of novel hydrogel systems allows for the study of relationships between biomaterials, cells, and other factors within osteochondral tissue engineering. Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a popular research method that can allow for further interrogation of these questions via the fabrication of 3D hydrogel environments that mimic tissue-specific, complex architectures. However, the adaptation of promising hydrogel biomaterial systems into 3D-printable bioinks remains a challenge. Here, we delineated an approach to that process. First, we characterized a novel methacryloylated gelatin composite hydrogel system and assessed how calcium phosphate and glycosaminoglycan additives upregulated bone- and cartilage-like matrix deposition and certain genetic markers of differentiation within human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), such as RUNX2 and SOX9. Then, new assays were developed and utilized to study the effects of xanthan gum and nanofibrillated cellulose, which allowed for cohesive fiber deposition, reliable droplet formation, and non-fracturing digital light processing (DLP)-printed constructs within extrusion, inkjet, and DLP techniques, respectively. Finally, these bioinks were used to 3D print constructs containing viable encapsulated hMSCs over a 7 d period, where DLP printed constructs facilitated the highest observed increase in cell number over 7 d (∼2.4×). The results presented here describe the promotion of osteochondral phenotypes via these novel composite hydrogel formulations, establish their ability to bioprint viable, cell-encapsulating constructs using three different 3D printing methods on multiple bioprinters, and document how a library of modular bioink additives affected those physicochemical properties important to printability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katie J. Hogan
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Ziwen Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
| | - Bonnie Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Antonios G. Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
- NIBIB/NIH Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, USA
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16
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Zhu L, Liu K, Feng Q, Liao Y. Cardiac Organoids: A 3D Technology for Modeling Heart Development and Disease. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2593-2605. [PMID: 35525908 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac organoids (COs) are miniaturized and simplified organ structures that can be used in heart development biology, drug screening, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. This cardiac organoid (CO) model is revolutionizing our perspective on answering major cardiac physiology and pathology issues. Recently, many research groups have reported various methods for modeling the heart in vitro. However, there are differences in methodologies and concepts. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in cardiac organoid technologies derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), with a focus on the summary of methods for organoid generation. In addition, we introduce CO applications in modeling heart development and cardiovascular diseases and discuss the prospects for and common challenges of CO that still need to be addressed. A detailed understanding of the development of CO will help us design better methods, explore and expand its application in the cardiovascular field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kui Liu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yingnan Liao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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17
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Moulahoum H, Ghorbanizamani F, Guler Celik E, Timur S. Nano-Scaled Materials and Polymer Integration in Biosensing Tools. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050301. [PMID: 35624602 PMCID: PMC9139048 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of biosensors and diagnostic devices has been thriving in its ability to provide reliable tools with simplified operation steps. These evolutions have paved the way for further advances in sensing materials, strategies, and device structures. Polymeric composite materials can be formed into nanostructures and networks of different types, including hydrogels, vesicles, dendrimers, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP), etc. Due to their biocompatibility, flexibility, and low prices, they are promising tools for future lab-on-chip devices as both manufacturing materials and immobilization surfaces. Polymers can also allow the construction of scaffold materials and 3D structures that further elevate the sensing capabilities of traditional 2D biosensors. This review discusses the latest developments in nano-scaled materials and synthesis techniques for polymer structures and their integration into sensing applications by highlighting their various structural advantages in producing highly sensitive tools that rival bench-top instruments. The developments in material design open a new door for decentralized medicine and public protection that allows effective onsite and point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Moulahoum
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; (H.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Faezeh Ghorbanizamani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; (H.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Emine Guler Celik
- Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey;
| | - Suna Timur
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; (H.M.); (F.G.)
- Central Research Testing and Analysis Laboratory Research and Application Center, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
- Correspondence:
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18
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Shen K, Duan A, Cheng J, Yuan T, Zhou J, Song H, Chen Z, Wan B, Liu J, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Xie R, Liu F, Fan W, Zuo Q. Exosomes derived from hypoxia preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells laden in a silk hydrogel promote cartilage regeneration via the miR-205-5p/PTEN/AKT pathway. Acta Biomater 2022; 143:173-188. [PMID: 35202856 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering has promising prospects for cartilage regeneration. However, there remains an urgent need to harvest high quality seed cells. Bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMSCs), and in particular their exosomes, might promote the function of articular chondrocytes (ACs) via paracrine mechanisms. Furthermore, preconditioned BMSCs could provide an enhanced therapeutic effect. BMSCs naturally exist in a relatively hypoxic environment (1%-5% O2); however, they are usually cultured under higher oxygen concentrations (21% O2). Herein, we hypothesized that hypoxia preconditioned exosomes (H-Exos) could improve the quality of ACs and be more conducive to cartilage repair. In our study, we compared the effects of exosomes derived from BMSCs preconditioned with hypoxia and normoxia (N-Exos) on ACs, demonstrating that H-Exos significantly promoted the proliferation, migration, anabolism and anti-inflammation effects of ACs. Furthermore, we confirmed that hypoxia preconditioning upregulated the expression of miR-205-5p in H-Exos, suggesting that ACs were promoted via the miR-205-5p/PTEN/AKT pathway. Finally, an injectable silk fibroin (SF) hydrogel containing ACs and H-Exos (SF/ACs/H-Exos) was utilized to repair cartilage defects and effectively promote cartilage regeneration in vivo. The application of SF/ACs/H-Exos hydrogel in cartilage regeneration therefore has promising prospects. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cartilage tissue engineering (CTE) has presented a promising prospect. However, the quality of seed cells is an important factor affecting the repair efficiency. Our study demonstrates for the first time that the exosomes derived from hypoxia preconditioned BMSCs (H-Exos) effectively promote the proliferation, migration and anabolism of chondrocytes and inhibit inflammation through miR-205-5p/PTEN/AKT pathway. Furthermore, we fabricated an injectable silk fibrion (SF) hydrogel to preserve and sustained release H-Exos. A complex composed of SF hydrogel, H-Exos and chondrocytes can effectively promote the regeneration of cartilage defects. Therefore, this study demonstrates that hypoxia pretreatment could optimize the therapeutic effects of BMSCs-derived exosomes, and the combination of exosomes and SF hydrogel could be a promising therapeutic method for cartilage regeneration.
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19
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Gupta A, Lee J, Ghosh T, Nguyen VQ, Dey A, Yoon B, Um W, Park JH. Polymeric Hydrogels for Controlled Drug Delivery to Treat Arthritis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030540. [PMID: 35335915 PMCID: PMC8948938 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) are disabling musculoskeletal disorders that affect joints and cartilage and may lead to bone degeneration. Conventional delivery of anti-arthritic agents is limited due to short intra-articular half-life and toxicities. Innovations in polymer chemistry have led to advancements in hydrogel technology, offering a versatile drug delivery platform exhibiting tissue-like properties with tunable drug loading and high residence time properties This review discusses the advantages and drawbacks of polymeric materials along with their modifications as well as their applications for fabricating hydrogels loaded with therapeutic agents (small molecule drugs, immunotherapeutic agents, and cells). Emphasis is given to the biological potentialities of hydrogel hybrid systems/micro-and nanotechnology-integrated hydrogels as promising tools. Applications for facile tuning of therapeutic drug loading, maintaining long-term release, and consequently improving therapeutic outcome and patient compliance in arthritis are detailed. This review also suggests the advantages, challenges, and future perspectives of hydrogels loaded with anti-arthritic agents with high therapeutic potential that may alter the landscape of currently available arthritis treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Gupta
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (A.G.); (J.L.); (T.G.); (V.Q.N.); (A.D.); (B.Y.); (W.U.)
| | - Jungmi Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (A.G.); (J.L.); (T.G.); (V.Q.N.); (A.D.); (B.Y.); (W.U.)
| | - Torsha Ghosh
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (A.G.); (J.L.); (T.G.); (V.Q.N.); (A.D.); (B.Y.); (W.U.)
| | - Van Quy Nguyen
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (A.G.); (J.L.); (T.G.); (V.Q.N.); (A.D.); (B.Y.); (W.U.)
| | - Anup Dey
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (A.G.); (J.L.); (T.G.); (V.Q.N.); (A.D.); (B.Y.); (W.U.)
| | - Been Yoon
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (A.G.); (J.L.); (T.G.); (V.Q.N.); (A.D.); (B.Y.); (W.U.)
| | - Wooram Um
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (A.G.); (J.L.); (T.G.); (V.Q.N.); (A.D.); (B.Y.); (W.U.)
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (A.G.); (J.L.); (T.G.); (V.Q.N.); (A.D.); (B.Y.); (W.U.)
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Correspondence:
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20
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Zhou S, Bei Z, Wei J, Yan X, Wen H, Cao Y, Li H. Mussel-inspired injectable chitosan hydrogel modified with catechol for cell adhesion and cartilage defect repair. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:1019-1030. [PMID: 34994756 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02241e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Repairing articular cartilage defects is a great challenge due to the poor self-regenerative capability of cartilage. Hydrogel-based tissue engineering has been considered an effective strategy. In this study, inspired by mussel chemistry, catechol-modified chitosan (CS-C) hydrogel was prepared under the catalysis of horseradish peroxidase/hydrogen peroxide (HRP/H2O2) for cartilage defect repair in a rat model. The rheological and swelling properties and biodegradation behavior of the CS-C hydrogel were investigated. Besides, the chondrogenic effect of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) within the CS-C hydrogel was also assessed in vitro. Moreover, after injecting in rat cartilage defects, the capability of cartilage repair of the BMSC-laden CS-C hydrogel was evaluated in vivo. The results showed that the rheological property, swelling property and biodegradation behavior of the CS-C hydrogel changed with the concentration of CS-C macromolecules. Besides, the CS-C hydrogel had good biocompatibility with BMSCs and could promote the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro. As for cartilage defect repair in vivo, through the evaluation of gross observation and histology, the BMSC-laden CS-C hydrogel showed better reconstruction of hyaline cartilage than the untreated group and CS-C hydrogel only. Therefore, CS-C hydrogel laden with BMSC might be a promising strategy for repairing cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhongwu Bei
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Jian Wei
- Department of Joint Orthopedics, Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, 545007, China
| | - Xinxin Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Haiyan Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Haohuan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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21
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Tu P, Pan Y, Wu C, Yang G, Zhou X, Sun J, Wang L, Liu M, Wang Z, Liang Z, Guo Y, Ma Y. Cartilage Repair Using Clematis Triterpenoid Saponin Delivery Microcarrier, Cultured in a Microgravity Bioreactor Prior to Application in Rabbit Model. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:753-764. [PMID: 35084832 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage tissue engineering provides a promising method for the repair of articular cartilage defects, requiring appropriate biological scaffolds and necessary growth factors to enhance the efficiency of cartilage regeneration. Here, a silk fibroin (SF) microcarrier and a clematis triterpenoid saponin delivery SF (CTS-SF) microcarrier were prepared by the high-voltage electrostatic differentiation and lyophilization method, and chondrocytes were carried under the simulated microgravity condition by a rotating cell culture system. SF and CTS-SF microspheres were relatively uniform in size and had a porous structure with good swelling and cytocompatibility. Further, CTS-SF microcarriers could sustainably release CTSs in the monitored 10 days. Compared with the monolayer culture, chondrocytes under the microgravity condition maintained a better chondrogenic phenotype and showed better proliferation ability after culture on microcarriers. Moreover, the sustained release of CTS from CTS-SF microcarriers upregulated transforming growth factor-β, Smad2, and Smad3 signals, contributing to promote chondrogenesis. Hence, the biophysical effects of microgravity and bioactivities of CTS-ST were used for chondrocyte expansion and phenotype maintenance in vitro. With prolonged expansion, SF- and CTS-SF-based microcarrier-cell composites were directly implanted in vivo to repair rabbit articular defects. Gross evaluations, histopathological examinations, and biochemical analysis indicated that SF- and CTS-SF-based composites exhibited cartilage-like tissue repair compared with the nontreated group. Further, CTS-SF-based composites displayed superior hyaline cartilage-like repair that integrated with the surrounding cartilage better and higher cartilage extracellular matrix content. In conclusion, these results provide an alternative preparation method for drug-delivered SF microcarrier and a culture method for maintaining the chondrogenic phenotype of seed cells based on the microgravity environment. CTS showed its bioactive function, and the application of CTS-SF microcarriers can help repair and regenerate cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Tu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China.,Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration and Reconstruction of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yalan Pan
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration and Reconstruction of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.,Nursing Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Chengjie Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China.,Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration and Reconstruction of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Guanglu Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China.,Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration and Reconstruction of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration and Reconstruction of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Jie Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China.,Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration and Reconstruction of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Lining Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China.,Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration and Reconstruction of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Mengmin Liu
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration and Reconstruction of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.,School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- Zhangjiagang Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215600, P.R. China
| | - Zhongqing Liang
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yang Guo
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China.,Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration and Reconstruction of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yong Ma
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China.,Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration and Reconstruction of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.,School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
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22
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Tethered TGF-β1 in a Hyaluronic Acid-Based Bioink for Bioprinting Cartilaginous Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020924. [PMID: 35055112 PMCID: PMC8781121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In 3D bioprinting for cartilage regeneration, bioinks that support chondrogenic development are of key importance. Growth factors covalently bound in non-printable hydrogels have been shown to effectively promote chondrogenesis. However, studies that investigate the functionality of tethered growth factors within 3D printable bioinks are still lacking. Therefore, in this study, we established a dual-stage crosslinked hyaluronic acid-based bioink that enabled covalent tethering of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1). Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were cultured over three weeks in vitro, and chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs within bioink constructs with tethered TGF-β1 was markedly enhanced, as compared to constructs with non-covalently incorporated TGF-β1. This was substantiated with regard to early TGF-β1 signaling, chondrogenic gene expression, qualitative and quantitative ECM deposition and distribution, and resulting construct stiffness. Furthermore, it was successfully demonstrated, in a comparative analysis of cast and printed bioinks, that covalently tethered TGF-β1 maintained its functionality after 3D printing. Taken together, the presented ink composition enabled the generation of high-quality cartilaginous tissues without the need for continuous exogenous growth factor supply and, thus, bears great potential for future investigation towards cartilage regeneration. Furthermore, growth factor tethering within bioinks, potentially leading to superior tissue development, may also be explored for other biofabrication applications.
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23
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Specificities of Scanning Electron Microscopy and Histological Methods in Assessing Cell-Engineered Construct Effectiveness for the Recovery of Hyaline Cartilage. Methods Protoc 2021; 4:mps4040077. [PMID: 34842796 PMCID: PMC8628887 DOI: 10.3390/mps4040077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to the hyaline layer of the articular surface is an urgent problem for millions of people around the world. At present, a large number of experimental methods are being developed to address this problem, including the transplantation of a cell-engineered construct (CEC) composed of a biodegradable scaffold with a premixed cell culture into the damaged area of the articular surface. However, current methods for analyzing the effectiveness of such CECs have significant limitations. This study aimed to compare the SEM technique, classical histology, and cryosectioning for the analysis of CECs transplanted to hyaline cartilage.
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24
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Schoonraad SA, Fischenich KM, Eckstein KN, Crespo-Cuevas V, Savard LM, Muralidharan A, Tomaschke AA, Uzcategui AC, Randolph MA, McLeod RR, Ferguson VL, Bryant SJ. Biomimetic and mechanically supportive 3D printed scaffolds for cartilage and osteochondral tissue engineering using photopolymers and digital light processing. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 34479218 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac23ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Successful 3D scaffold designs for musculoskeletal tissue engineering necessitate full consideration of the form and function of the tissues of interest. When designing structures for engineering cartilage and osteochondral tissues, one must reconcile the need to develop a mechanically robust system that maintains the health of cells embedded in the scaffold. In this work, we present an approach that decouples the mechanical and biochemical needs and allows for the independent development of the structural and cellular niches in a scaffold. Using the highly tuned capabilities of digital light processing-based stereolithography, structures with complex architectures are achieved over a range of effective porosities and moduli. The 3D printed structure is infilled with mesenchymal stem cells and soft biomimetic hydrogels, which are specifically formulated with extracellular matrix analogs and tethered growth factors to provide selected biochemical cues for the guided differentiation towards chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. We demonstrate the ability to utilize these structures to (a) infill a focal chondral defect and mitigate macroscopic and cellular level changes in the cartilage surrounding the defect, and (b) support the development of a stratified multi-tissue scaffold for osteochondral tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Schoonraad
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
| | - Kristine M Fischenich
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
| | - Kevin N Eckstein
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
| | - Victor Crespo-Cuevas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
| | - Lea M Savard
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
| | - Archish Muralidharan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
| | - Andrew A Tomaschke
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
| | - Asais Camila Uzcategui
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
| | - Mark A Randolph
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Laboratory for Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America
| | - Robert R McLeod
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America.,Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
| | - Virginia L Ferguson
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America.,BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
| | - Stephanie J Bryant
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America.,BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
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25
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Dong L, Liu Q, Gao Y, Jia H, Dai W, Guo L, Fan H, Fan Y, Zhang X. The effect of collagen hydrogels on chondrocyte behaviors through restricting the contraction of cell/hydrogel constructs. Regen Biomater 2021; 8:rbab030. [PMID: 34221449 PMCID: PMC8245754 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen is a promising material for tissue engineering, but the poor mechanical properties of collagen hydrogels, which tend to cause contraction under the action of cellular activity, make its application challengeable. In this study, the amino group of type I collagen (Col I) was modified with methacrylic anhydride (MA) and the photo-crosslinkable methacrylate anhydride modified type I collagen (CM) with three different degrees of substitution (DS) was prepared. The physical properties of CM and Col I hydrogels were tested, including micromorphology, mechanical properties and degradation properties. The results showed that the storage modulus and degradation rate of hydrogels could be adjusted by changing the DS of CM. In vitro, chondrocytes were seeded into these four groups of hydrogels and subjected to fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide (FDA/PI) staining, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) test, histological staining and cartilage-related gene expression analysis. In vivo, these hydrogels encapsulating chondrocytes were implanted subcutaneously into nude mice, then histological staining and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG)/DNA assays were performed. The results demonstrated that contraction of hydrogels affected behaviors of chondrocytes, and CM hydrogels with suitable DS could resist contraction of hydrogels and promote the secretion of cartilage-specific matrix in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longpeng Dong
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Qingli Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Yongli Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Hengxing Jia
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Wenling Dai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Likun Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Hongsong Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Yujiang Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
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26
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Xie C, Ye J, Liang R, Yao X, Wu X, Koh Y, Wei W, Zhang X, Ouyang H. Advanced Strategies of Biomimetic Tissue-Engineered Grafts for Bone Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100408. [PMID: 33949147 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The failure to repair critical-sized bone defects often leads to incomplete regeneration or fracture non-union. Tissue-engineered grafts have been recognized as an alternative strategy for bone regeneration due to their potential to repair defects. To design a successful tissue-engineered graft requires the understanding of physicochemical optimization to mimic the composition and structure of native bone, as well as the biological strategies of mimicking the key biological elements during bone regeneration process. This review provides an overview of engineered graft-based strategies focusing on physicochemical properties of materials and graft structure optimization from macroscale to nanoscale to further boost bone regeneration, and it summarizes biological strategies which mainly focus on growth factors following bone regeneration pattern and stem cell-based strategies for more efficient repair. Finally, it discusses the current limitations of existing strategies upon bone repair and highlights a promising strategy for rapid bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xie
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310058 China
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 314499 China
- Department of Sports Medicine Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Jinchun Ye
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310058 China
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 314499 China
| | - Renjie Liang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310058 China
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 314499 China
| | - Xudong Yao
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Yiwu 322000 China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310058 China
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 314499 China
| | - Yiwen Koh
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 314499 China
| | - Wei Wei
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 314499 China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed) Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Xianzhu Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310058 China
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 314499 China
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310058 China
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 314499 China
- Department of Sports Medicine Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310058 China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed) Hangzhou 310058 China
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27
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Appunni S, Rubens M, Ramamoorthy V, Anand V, Khandelwal M, Sharma A. Biglycan: an emerging small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) marker and its clinicopathological significance. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3935-3950. [PMID: 34181183 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04216-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in the structural organization of tissue and delivery of external cues to the cell. Biglycan, a class I small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRP), is a key component of the ECM that participates in scaffolding the collagen fibrils and mediates cell signaling. Dysregulation of biglycan expression can result in wide range of clinical conditions such as metabolic disorder, inflammatory disorder, musculoskeletal defects and malignancies. In this review, we aim to update our current understanding regarding the link between altered expression of biglycan and different clinicopathological states. Biglycan interacts with toll like receptors (TLR)-2 and TLR-4 on the immune cells which initiates inflammation and aggravates inflammatory disorders. ECM unbound soluble biglycan acts as a DAMP (danger associated molecular pattern) resulting in sterile inflammation. Dysregulation of biglycan expression is also observed in inflammatory metabolic conditions such as atherosclerosis and obesity. In cancer, high-biglycan expression facilitates tumor growth, invasion and metastasis which is associated with poor clinical outcome. As a pivotal structural component of the ECM, biglycan strengthens the musculoskeletal system and its absence is associated with musculoskeletal defects. Thus, SLRP biglycan is a potential marker which is significantly altered in different clinicopathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Appunni
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India
- Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | | | | | | | - Madhuram Khandelwal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Alpana Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India.
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28
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Stimulation of α7-nAChRs coordinates autophagy and apoptosis signaling in experimental knee osteoarthritis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:448. [PMID: 33953172 PMCID: PMC8100296 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic joint disease in the elderly population. Growing evidence indicates that a balance between autophagy and apoptosis in chondrocytes plays a key role in OA’s cartilage degradation. Thus, drugs targeting the balance between apoptosis and autophagy are potential therapeutic approaches for OA treatment. In previous studies, we found that the activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7-nAChRs) alleviated monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced joint degradation and osteoarthritis pain. To explore the potential functions of α7-nAChRs in autophagy and apoptosis signaling in knee OA, we compared the expression of α7-nAChRs in human knee articular cartilage tissues from normal humans and OA patients. We found that knee joint cartilage tissues of OA patients showed decreased α7-nAChRs and an imbalance between autophagy and apoptosis. Next, we observed that α7-nAChRs deficiency did not affect cartilage degradation in OA development but reversed the beneficial effects of nicotine on mechanical allodynia, cartilage degradation, and an MIA-induced switch from autophagy to apoptosis. Unlike in vivo studies, we found that primary chondrocytes from α7-nAChRs knockout (KO) mice showed decreased LC3 levels under normal conditions and were more sensitive toward MIA-induced apoptosis. Finally, we found that α7-nAChRs deficiency increased the phosphorylation of mTOR after MIA treatment, which can also be observed in OA patients’ tissues. Thus, our findings not only confirmed that nicotine alleviated MIA-induced pain behavior and cartilage degradation via stimulating the α7-nAChRs/mTOR signal pathway but found the potential role of α7-nAChRs in mediating the balance between apoptosis and autophagy.
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29
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Yao X, Wang X, Ding J. Exploration of possible cell chirality using material techniques of surface patterning. Acta Biomater 2021; 126:92-108. [PMID: 33684535 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Consistent left-right (LR) asymmetry or chirality is critical for embryonic development and function maintenance. While chirality on either molecular or organism level has been well established, that on the cellular level has remained an open question for a long time. Although it remains unclear whether chirality exists universally on the cellular level, valuable efforts have recently been made to explore this fundamental topic pertinent to both cell biology and biomaterial science. The development of material fabrication techniques, surface patterning, in particular, has afforded a unique platform to study cell-material interactions. By using patterning techniques, chirality on the cellular level has been examined for cell clusters and single cells in vitro in well-designed experiments. In this review, we first introduce typical fabrication techniques of surface patterning suitable for cell studies and then summarize the main aspects of preliminary evidence of cell chirality on patterned surfaces to date. We finally indicate the limitations of the studies conducted thus far and describe the perspectives of future research in this challenging field. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: While both biomacromolecules and organisms can exhibit chirality, it is not yet conclusive whether a cell has left-right (LR) asymmetry. It is important yet challenging to study and reveal the possible existence of cell chirality. By using the technique of surface patterning, the recent decade has witnessed progress in the exploration of possible cell chirality within cell clusters and single cells. Herein, some important preliminary evidence of cell chirality is collected and analyzed. The open questions and perspectives are also described to promote further investigations of cell chirality in biomaterials.
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30
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Schoonraad SA, Trombold ML, Bryant SJ. The Effects of Stably Tethered BMP-2 on MC3T3-E1 Preosteoblasts Encapsulated in a PEG Hydrogel. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1065-1079. [PMID: 33555180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is a clinically used osteoinductive growth factor. With a short half-life and side effects, alternative delivery approaches are needed. This work examines thiolation of BMP-2 for chemical attachment to a poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel using thiol-norbornene click chemistry. BMP-2 retained bioactivity post-thiolation and was successfully tethered into the hydrogel. To assess tethered BMP-2 on osteogenesis, MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts were encapsulated in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-sensitive hydrogels containing RGD and either no BMP-2, soluble BMP-2 (5 nM), or tethered BMP-2 (40-200 nM) and cultured in a chemically defined medium containing dexamethasone for 7 days. The hydrogel culture supported MC3T3-E1 osteogenesis regardless of BMP-2 presentation, but tethered BMP-2 augmented the osteogenic response, leading to significant increases in osteomarkers, Bglap and Ibsp. The ratio, Ibsp-to-Dmp1, highlighted differences in the extent of differentiation, revealing that without BMP-2, MC3T3-E1 cells showed a higher expression of Dmp1 (low ratio), but an equivalent expression with tethered BMP-2 and more abundant bone sialoprotein. In addition, this work identified that dexamethasone contributed to Ibsp expression but not Bglap or Dmp1 and confirmed that tethered BMP-2 induced the BMP canonical signaling pathway. This work presents an effective method for the modification and incorporation of BMP-2 into hydrogels to enhance osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Schoonraad
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Michael L Trombold
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Stephanie J Bryant
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Biofrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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31
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Cell preservation methods and its application to studying rare disease. Mol Cell Probes 2021; 56:101694. [PMID: 33429040 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2021.101694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The ability to preserve and transport human cells in a stable medium over long distances is critical to collaborative efforts and the advancement of knowledge in the study of human disease. This is particularly important in the study of rare diseases. Recently, advancements in the understanding of renal ciliopathies has been achieved via the use of patient urine-derived cells (UDCs). However, the traditional method of cryopreservation, although considered as the gold standard, can result in decreased sample viability of many cell types, including UDCs. Delays in transportation can have devastating effects upon the viability of samples, and may even result in complete destruction of cells following evaporation of dry ice or liquid nitrogen, leaving samples in cryoprotective agents, which are cytotoxic at room temperature. The loss of any patient sample in this manner is detrimental to research, however it is even more so when samples are from patients with a rare disease. In order to overcome the associated limitations of traditional practices, new methods of preservation and shipment, including cell encapsulation within hydrogels, and transport in specialised devices are continually being investigated. Here we summarise and compare traditional methods with emerging novel alternatives for the preservation and shipment of cells, and consider the effectiveness of such methods for use with UDCs to further enable the study and understanding of kidney diseases.
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32
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Li D, Ma X, Zhao T. Mechanism of TGF-β3 promoting chondrogenesis in human fat stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 530:725-731. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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33
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Abstract
The specific microenvironment that cells reside in fundamentally impacts their broader function in tissues and organs. At its core, this microenvironment is composed of precise arrangements of cells that encourage homotypic and heterotypic cell-cell interactions, biochemical signaling through soluble factors like cytokines, hormones, and autocrine, endocrine, or paracrine secretions, and the local extracellular matrix (ECM) that provides physical support and mechanobiological stimuli, and further regulates biochemical signaling through cell-ECM interactions like adhesions and growth factor sequestering. Each cue provided in the microenvironment dictates cellular behavior and, thus, overall potential to perform tissue and organ specific function. It follows that in order to recapitulate physiological cell responses and develop constructs capable of replacing damaged tissue, we must engineer the cellular microenvironment very carefully. Many great strides have been made toward this goal using various three-dimensional (3D) tissue culture scaffolds and specific media conditions. Among the various 3D biomimetic scaffolds, synthetic hydrogels have emerged as a highly tunable and tissue-like biomaterial well-suited for implantable tissue-engineered constructs. Because many synthetic hydrogel materials are inherently bioinert, they minimize unintentional cell responses and thus are good candidates for long-term implantable grafts, patches, and organs. This review will provide an overview of commonly used biomaterials for forming synthetic hydrogels for tissue engineering applications and techniques for modifying them to with bioactive properties to elicit the desired cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Z Unal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Campus Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Jennifer L West
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Campus Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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34
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Chu S, Maples MM, Bryant SJ. Cell encapsulation spatially alters crosslink density of poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels formed from free-radical polymerizations. Acta Biomater 2020; 109:37-50. [PMID: 32268243 PMCID: PMC7649065 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Photopolymerizable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels are a promising platform for chondrocyte encapsulation and cartilage tissue engineering. This study demonstrates that during the process of encapsulation, chondrocytes alter the formation of PEG hydrogels leading to a reduction in the bulk and local hydrogel crosslink density. Freshly isolated chondrocytes were shown to interact with hydrogel precursors, in part through thiol-mediated events between dithiol crosslinkers and cell surface free thiols, depleting crosslinker concentration and causing a reduction in the bulk hydrogel crosslink density. This effect was more pronounced with increasing cell density at the time of encapsulation. Encapsulation of chondrocytes in fluorescently labeled hydrogels exhibited a gradient in hydrogel density around the cell, which was abrogated by treatment of the cells with the antioxidant estradiol prior to encapsulation. This gradient led to spatial variations in the degradation behavior of a hydrolytically degradable PEG hydrogel, creating regions devoid of hydrogel surrounding cells. Collectively, findings from this study indicate that the antioxidant defense mechanisms in chondrocytes alter the resultant properties of PEG hydrogels formed by free-radical polymerizations. These interactions will have a significant impact on tissue engineering, affecting the local microenvironment around cells and how tissue grows within the hydrogels. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cell encapsulations in synthetic hydrogels formed by free-radical polymerizations offer numerous benefits for tissue engineering. Herein, we studied cartilage cells and identified that during encapsulation, cells interfered with hydrogel formation through two distinct mechanisms. Thiol-mediated events between monomers led to monomer depletion and a lower crosslinked hydrogel. Cells' antioxidant defense mechanisms interfered with free-radicals and inhibited hydrogel formation near the cell. These cell-mediated effects led to softer hydrogels and created unique hydrogel degradations patterns causing rapid degradation around the cells. The latter has benefits for tissue engineering, where these regions provide space for tissue growth. Overall, this study demonstrates that cells play a key role in how the hydrogel structure forms when cells are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Chu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Mollie M Maples
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Stephanie J Bryant
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States; Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States; Biofrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States.
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35
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Raftery RM, Gonzalez Vazquez AG, Chen G, O'Brien FJ. Activation of the SOX-5, SOX-6, and SOX-9 Trio of Transcription Factors Using a Gene-Activated Scaffold Stimulates Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Chondrogenesis and Inhibits Endochondral Ossification. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901827. [PMID: 32329217 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Current treatments for articular cartilage defects relieve symptoms but often only delay cartilage degeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown chondrogenic potential but tend to undergo endochondral ossification when implanted in vivo. Harnessing factors governing joint development to functionalize biomaterial scaffolds, termed developmental engineering, might allow to prime host MSCs to regenerate mature articular cartilage in situ without requiring cell isolation or ex vivo expansion. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a gene-activated scaffold capable of delivering developmental cues to host MSCs, thus priming MSCs for articular cartilage differentiation and inhibiting endochondral ossification. It is shown that delivery of the SOX-Trio induced MSCs to over-express COL2A1 and ACAN and deposit a sulfated and collagen type II rich extracellular matrix while hypertrophic gene expression and collagen type X deposition is inhibited. When cell-free SOX-Trio-activated scaffolds are implanted ectopically in vivo, they induced spontaneous chondrogenesis without evidence of hypertrophy. MSCs pre-cultured on SOX-Trio-activated scaffolds prior to implantation differentiate into phenotypically stable chondrocytes as evidenced by a lack of collagen X expression or vascular invasion. This SOX-trio-activated scaffold represents a potent, single treatment, developmentally inspired strategy to prime MSCs in situ for articular cartilage defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne M. Raftery
- Tissue Engineering Research GroupDepartment of Anatomy and Regenerative MedicineRoyal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin D02 YN77 Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE)Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Dublin D02 R590 Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER)RCSI and TCD Dublin D02 YN77 Ireland
| | - Arlyng G. Gonzalez Vazquez
- Tissue Engineering Research GroupDepartment of Anatomy and Regenerative MedicineRoyal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin D02 YN77 Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE)Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Dublin D02 R590 Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER)RCSI and TCD Dublin D02 YN77 Ireland
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Physiology and Medical PhysicsCentre for the Study of Neurological DisordersMicrosurgical Research and Training Facility (MRTF)Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin D02 YN77 Ireland
| | - Fergal J. O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research GroupDepartment of Anatomy and Regenerative MedicineRoyal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin D02 YN77 Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE)Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Dublin D02 R590 Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER)RCSI and TCD Dublin D02 YN77 Ireland
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36
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Xu Y, Xu Y, Bi B, Hou M, Yao L, Du Q, He A, Liu Y, Miao C, Liang X, Jiang X, Zhou G, Cao Y. A moldable thermosensitive hydroxypropyl chitin hydrogel for 3D cartilage regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Acta Biomater 2020; 108:87-96. [PMID: 32268237 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Because of poor self-repair capacity, the repair of cartilage defect is always a great challenge in clinical treatment. In vitro cartilage regeneration provides a potential strategy for functional reconstruction of cartilage defect. Hydrogel has been known as an ideal cartilage regeneration scaffold. However, to date, in vitro cartilage regeneration based on hydrogel has not achieved satisfactory results. The current study explored the feasibility of in vitro 3D cartilage regeneration based on a moldable thermosensitive hydroxypropyl chitin (HPCH) hydrogel and its in vivo fate. The thermosensitive HPCH hydrogel was prepared and characterized. Goat auricular chondrocytes were encapsulated into the HPCH hydrogel to form a chondrocyte-hydrogel construct. The constructs were injected subcutaneously into nude mice or molded into different shapes for in vitro chondrogenic culture followed by in vivo implantation. The results demonstrated that the HPCH hydrogel possessed satisfactory gelation properties (gelation time < 18 s at 37 °C), biocompatibility (cell amount almost doubled within one week), and the ability to be applied as an injectable hydrogel for cartilage regeneration. All the constructs of in vitro culture basically maintained their original shapes (in vitro to initial: 110.8%) and displayed typical cartilaginous features with abundant lacunae and cartilage specific matrix deposition. These in vitro samples became more mature with prolonged in vivo implantation and largely maintained the original shape (in vivo to in vitro: 103.5%). These results suggested that the moldable thermosensitive HPCH hydrogel can serve as a promising scaffold for cartilage regeneration with defined shapes in vitro and in vivo. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Because of avascular and non-nervous characteristic of cartilage, in vitro regeneration plays an important role in reconstructing cartilage function. Hydrogel has been known as an ideal cartilage regeneration scaffold. However, to date, in vitro cartilage regeneration based on hydrogel has not achieved satisfactory results. The current study demonstrated that the chondrocyte-hydrogel construct generated by high density of chondrocytes encapsulated into a thermosensitive HPCH hydrogel could successfully regenerate in vitro typical cartilage-like tissue with defined shapes and further mature to form homogeneous cartilage with their original shapes after in vivo implantation. The current study indicated that the moldable thermosensitive HPCH hydrogel could serve as a promising scaffold for in vitro and in vivo cartilage regeneration with different shapes.
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Yu Y, Rodriguez-Fontan F, Eckstein K, Muralidharan A, Uzcategui AC, Fuchs JR, Weatherford S, Erickson CB, Bryant SJ, Ferguson VL, Hadley Miller N, Li G, Payne KA. Rabbit Model of Physeal Injury for the Evaluation of Regenerative Medicine Approaches. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2019; 25:701-710. [PMID: 31552802 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2019.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Physeal injuries can lead to bony repair tissue formation, known as a bony bar. This can result in growth arrest or angular deformity, which is devastating for children who have not yet reached their full height. Current clinical treatment involves resecting the bony bar and replacing it with a fat graft to prevent further bone formation and growth disturbance, but these treatments frequently fail to do so and require additional interventions. Novel treatments that could prevent bone formation but also regenerate the injured physeal cartilage and restore normal bone elongation are warranted. To test the efficacy of these treatments, animal models that emulate human physeal injury are necessary. The rabbit model of physeal injury quickly establishes a bony bar, which can then be resected to test new treatments. Although numerous rabbit models have been reported, they vary in terms of size and location of the injury, tools used to create the injury, and methods to assess the repair tissue, making comparisons between studies difficult. The study presented here provides a detailed method to create a rabbit model of proximal tibia physeal injury using a two-stage procedure. The first procedure involves unilateral removal of 25% of the physis in a 6-week-old New Zealand white rabbit. This consistently leads to a bony bar, significant limb length discrepancy, and angular deformity within 3 weeks. The second surgical procedure involves bony bar resection and treatment. In this study, we tested the implantation of a fat graft and a photopolymerizable hydrogel as a proof of concept that injectable materials could be delivered into this type of injury. At 8 weeks post-treatment, we measured limb length, tibial angle, and performed imaging and histology of the repair tissue. By providing a detailed, easy to reproduce methodology to perform the physeal injury and test novel treatments after bony bar resection, comparisons between studies can be made and facilitate translation of promising therapies toward clinical use. Impact Statement This study provides details to create a rabbit model of physeal injury that can facilitate comparisons between studies and test novel regenerative medicine approaches. Furthermore, this model mimics the human, clinical situation that requires a bony bar resection followed by treatment. In addition, identification of a suitable treatment can be seen in the correction of the growth deformity, allowing this model to facilitate the development of novel physeal cartilage regenerative medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyi Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Kevin Eckstein
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Archish Muralidharan
- Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Asais Camila Uzcategui
- Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Joseph R Fuchs
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Shane Weatherford
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Christopher B Erickson
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Stephanie J Bryant
- Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado.,BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Virginia L Ferguson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado.,Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado.,BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Nancy Hadley Miller
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Guangheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Karin A Payne
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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