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Samal S, Panda GP, Shyamal S, Das K, Dash M. Surface Engineered Osteoblast-Extracellular Vesicles Serve as an Efficient Carrier for Drug and Small RNA to Actively Target Osteosarcoma. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024. [PMID: 39150495 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare malignant tumor that affects soft tissue and has high rates of lung metastasis and mortality. The primary treatments for OS include preoperative chemotherapy, surgical resection of the lesion, and postoperative chemotherapy. However, OS chemotherapy presents critical challenges related to treatment toxicity and multiple drug resistance. To address these challenges, nanotechnology has developed nanosystems that release drugs directly to OS cells, reducing the drug's toxicity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized lipid-bilayer bound vesicles that act as cell-derived vehicles and drug delivery systems for several cancers. This study aims to utilize EVs for OS management by co-delivering Hdac1 siRNA and zoledronic acid (zol). The EVs' surface is modified with folic acid (FA) and their targeting ability is compared to that of native EVs. The results showed that the EVs' targeting ability depends on the parent cell source, and FA conjugation further enhanced it. Furthermore, EVs were used as the carrier for co-loading drug (zol) and small RNA (Hdac-1). This approach of using surface engineered EVs as carriers for cargo loading and delivery can be a promising strategy for osteosarcoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasmita Samal
- BRIC - Institute of Life Sciences (BRIC-ILS), Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | | | - Sharmishtha Shyamal
- BRIC - Institute of Life Sciences (BRIC-ILS), Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India
- ICMR - National Institute for Reproduction Biology and Child Health, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Kapilash Das
- BRIC - Institute of Life Sciences (BRIC-ILS), Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Mamoni Dash
- BRIC - Institute of Life Sciences (BRIC-ILS), Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India
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2
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Mehryab F, Ebrahimi M, Baharvand H, Haeri A, Shekari F. Extracellular vesicle-based formulation of doxorubicin: drug loading optimization, characterization, and cytotoxicity evaluation in tumor spheroids. Pharm Dev Technol 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39072404 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2024.2384448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapeutic with considerable efficacy, but its application is limited due to cardiotoxicity. Nanoparticles can improve DOX efficacy and prevent its adverse effects. Herein, DOX-loaded extracellular vesicles (DOX-EVs) were prepared using different loading methods including incubation, electroporation, and sonication in different hydration buffers to permeabilize nanostructures or desalinize DOX for improved entrapment. Different protein:drug (µg:µg) ratios of 1:10, 1:5, and 1:2, and incubation parameters were also investigated. The optimal formulation was characterized by western blotting, electron microscopy, Zetasizer, infrared spectroscopy, and release study. The cellular uptake and efficacy were investigated in MCF-7 spheroids via MTS assay, spheroid formation assay (SFA), confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry. The percentage of entrapment efficiency (EE) of formulations was improved from 1.0 ± 0.1 to 22.0 ± 1.4 using a protein:drug ratio of 1:2 and sonication in Tween 80 (0.1%w/v) containing buffer. Characterization studies verified the vesicles' identity, spherical morphology, and controlled drug release properties. Cellular studies revealed the accumulation and cytotoxicity of DOX-EVs in the spheroids, and SFA and confocal microscopy confirmed the efficacy and cellular localization. Flow cytometry results revealed a comparable and amplified efficacy for DOX-EV formulations with different cell origins. Overall, the EV formulation of DOX can be applied as a promising alternative with potential advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mehryab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Haeri
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Protein Technology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center (ATMP-TDC), Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Kawasaki R, Oshige A, Kono N, Yamana K, Hirano H, Miura Y, Yorioka R, Bando K, Tabata A, Yasukawa N, Sadakane M, Sanada Y, Suzuki M, Takata T, Sakurai Y, Tanaka H, Yimiti D, Miyaki S, Adachi N, Mizuta R, Sasaki Y, Akiyoshi K, Hattori Y, Kirihata M, Nagasaki T, Ikeda A. Extracellular Vesicles Comprising Carborane Prepared by a Host Exchanging Reaction as a Boron Carrier for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39106079 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
With their low immunogenicity and excellent deliverability, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising platforms for drug delivery systems. In this study, hydrophobic molecule loading techniques were developed via an exchange reaction based on supramolecular chemistry without using organic solvents that can induce EV disruption and harmful side effects. To demonstrate the availability of an exchanging reaction to prepare drug-loading EVs, hydrophobic boron cluster carborane (CB) was introduced to EVs (CB@EVs), which is expected as a boron agent for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The exchange reaction enabled the encapsulation of CB to EVs without disrupting their structure and forming aggregates. Single-particle analysis revealed that an exchanging reaction can uniformly introduce cargo molecules to EVs, which is advantageous in formulating pharmaceuticals. The performance of CB@EVs as boron agents for BNCT was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. Compared to L-BPA, a clinically available boron agent, and CB delivered with liposomes, CB@EV systems exhibited the highest BNCT activity in vitro due to their excellent deliverability of cargo molecules via an endocytosis-independent pathway. The system can deeply penetrate 3D cultured spheroids even in the presence of extracellular matrices. The EV-based system could efficiently accumulate in tumor tissues in tumor xenograft model mice with high selectivity, mainly via the enhanced permeation and retention effect, and the deliverability of cargo molecules to tumor tissues in vivo enhanced the therapeutic benefits of BNCT compared to the L-BPA/fructose complex. All of the features of EVs are also advantageous in establishing anticancer agent delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Kawasaki
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Ayano Oshige
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Nanami Kono
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Keita Yamana
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hirano
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Yamato Miura
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yorioka
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kaori Bando
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Anri Tabata
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Naoki Yasukawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sadakane
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Yu Sanada
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Minoru Suzuki
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Takushi Takata
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Sakurai
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Dilimulati Yimiti
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Nobuo Adachi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Mizuta
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yoshihiro Sasaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Hattori
- Research Center for BNCT, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Kirihata
- Research Center for BNCT, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ikeda
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
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Nouri Z, Barfar A, Perseh S, Motasadizadeh H, Maghsoudian S, Fatahi Y, Nouri K, Yektakasmaei MP, Dinarvand R, Atyabi F. Exosomes as therapeutic and drug delivery vehicle for neurodegenerative diseases. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:463. [PMID: 39095888 PMCID: PMC11297769 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02681-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are complex, progressive, and life-threatening. They cause mortality and disability for millions of people worldwide. Appropriate treatment for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is still clinically lacking due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Developing an effective transport system that can cross the BBB and enhance the therapeutic effect of neuroprotective agents has been a major challenge for NDs. Exosomes are endogenous nano-sized vesicles that naturally carry biomolecular cargoes. Many studies have indicated that exosome content, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), possess biological activities by targeting several signaling pathways involved in apoptosis, inflammation, autophagy, and oxidative stress. Exosome content can influence cellular function in healthy or pathological ways. Furthermore, since exosomes reflect the features of the parental cells, their cargoes offer opportunities for early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of diseases. Exosomes have unique characteristics that make them ideal for delivering drugs directly to the brain. These characteristics include the ability to pass through the BBB, biocompatibility, stability, and innate targeting properties. This review emphasizes the role of exosomes in alleviating NDs and discusses the associated signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, the unique biological features of exosomes, making them a promising natural transporter for delivering various medications to the brain to combat several NDs, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Nouri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Barfar
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sahra Perseh
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Motasadizadeh
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samane Maghsoudian
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keyvan Nouri
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Jiang Y, Xu X, Fan D, Liu P, Zhou M, Cheng M, Huang J, Luo Y, Guo Y, Yang T. Advancing Tumor-Targeted Chemo-Immunotherapy: Development of the CAR-M-derived Exosome-Drug Conjugate. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39041307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Traditional antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) mainly suppress tumor growth through either chemotherapy with cytotoxic payloads or immunotherapy with immuno-modulators. However, a single therapeutic modality may limit their exploration. Herein, we developed a new type of drug conjugate termed CAR-EDC (CAR-M-derived exosome-drug conjugate) by using CAR-exosomes from CAR-M cells as the targeting drug carrier that contains a high level of CXCL10. CAR-exosomes could significantly enhance the immunological activation and migratory capacity of T lymphocytes and promote their differentiation into CD8+ T cells. It also increased the proportion of M1 macrophages. The CAR-EDC, covalently loaded with SN-38, was internalized into Raji cells through endocytosis mediated by the CAR molecules. It exerted excellent antitumor activity in vivo by virtue of not only chemotherapy by SN38 but also immunotherapy by CXCL10-mediated antitumor immunity. Generally, this study provides an exosome-drug conjugate system with enhanced antitumor effects over traditional ADCs through the synergism of chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Jiang
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Cardiovascular Surgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Xu
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dongmei Fan
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Pingxian Liu
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mengdi Cheng
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiasheng Huang
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Youfu Luo
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yingqiang Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Cardiovascular Surgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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6
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Hu Z, Wang W, Lin Y, Guo H, Chen Y, Wang J, Yu F, Rao L, Fan Z. Extracellular Vesicle-Inspired Therapeutic Strategies for the COVID-19. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2402103. [PMID: 38923772 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202402103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases like coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) present significant challenges to global health, extensively affecting both human society and the economy. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have demonstrated remarkable potential as crucial biomedical tools for COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment. However, due to limitations in the performance and titer of natural vesicles, their clinical use remains limited. Nonetheless, EV-inspired strategies are gaining increasing attention. Notably, biomimetic vesicles, inspired by EVs, possess specific receptors that can act as "Trojan horses," preventing the virus from infecting host cells. Genetic engineering can enhance these vesicles by enabling them to carry more receptors, significantly increasing their specificity for absorbing the novel coronavirus. Additionally, biomimetic vesicles inherit numerous cytokine receptors from parent cells, allowing them to effectively mitigate the "cytokine storm" by adsorbing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Overall, this EV-inspired strategy offers new avenues for the treatment of emerging infectious diseases. Herein, this review systematically summarizes the current applications of EV-inspired strategies in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. The current status and challenges associated with the clinical implementation of EV-inspired strategies are also discussed. The goal of this review is to provide new insights into the design of EV-inspired strategies and expand their application in combating emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Hu
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and neck surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510282, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Ying Lin
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and neck surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510282, P. R. China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, P. R. China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and neck surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510282, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yu
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and neck surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510282, P. R. China
| | - Lang Rao
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, P. R. China
| | - Zhijin Fan
- Institute for Engineering Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
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Abid AI, Conzatti G, Toti F, Anton N, Vandamme T. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as cell free nanotherapeutics and nanocarriers. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2024; 61:102769. [PMID: 38914247 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2024.102769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Many strategies for regenerating the damaged tissues or degenerating cells are employed in regenerative medicine. Stem cell technology is a modern strategy of the recent approaches, particularly the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MCSs). The ability of MSCs to differentiate as well as their characteristic behaviour as paracrine effector has established them as key elements in tissue repair (Shaer et al., 20141). Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) shed by MSCs have emerged as a promising cell free therapy (Citation}Rani, S., Ryan, A. E., Griffin, M. D., and Ritter, T., 20152). This comprehensive review encompasses MSCs-derived exosomes and their therapeutic potential as nanotherapeutics. We also discuss their potency as drug delivery nano-carriers in comparison with liposomes. A better knowledge of EVs behaviour in vivo and of their mechanism of action are key to determine parameters of an optimal formulation in pilot studies and to establish industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Imran Abid
- UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), University of Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Guillaume Conzatti
- UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), University of Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.
| | - Florence Toti
- UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), University of Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Nicolas Anton
- UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), University of Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Thierry Vandamme
- UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), University of Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.
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8
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Baruah H, Sarma A, Basak D, Das M. Exosome: From biology to drug delivery. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:1480-1516. [PMID: 38252268 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01515-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, different advancements have been observed in nanosized drug delivery systems. Factors such as stability, safety and targeting efficiency cause hindrances in the clinical translation of these synthetic nanocarriers. Therefore, researchers employed endogenous nanocarriers like exosomes as drug delivery vehicles that have an inherent ability to target more efficiently after appropriate functionalization and show higher biocompatibility and less immunogenicity and facilitate penetration through the biological barriers more quickly than the other available carriers. Exosomes are biologically derived lipid bilayer-enclosed nanosized extracellular vesicles (size ranges from 30 to 150 nm) secreted from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and appears significantly in the extracellular space. These EVs (extracellular vesicles) can exist in different sources, including mammals, plants and microorganisms. Different advanced techniques have been introduced for the isolation of exosomes to overcome the existing barriers present with conventional methods. Extensive research on the application of exosomes in therapeutic delivery for treating various diseases related to central nervous system, bone, cancer, skin, etc. has been employed. Several studies are on different stages of clinical trials, and many exosomes patents have been registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himakshi Baruah
- Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati, 781017, Assam, India
| | - Anupam Sarma
- Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati, 781017, Assam, India.
| | - Debojeet Basak
- Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati, 781017, Assam, India
| | - Mridusmita Das
- Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati, 781017, Assam, India
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9
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Gul R, Bashir H, Sarfraz M, Shaikh AJ, Bin Jardan YA, Hussain Z, Bin Asad MHH, Gulzar F, Guan B, Nazir I, Amirzada MI. Human plasma derived exosomes: Impact of active and passive drug loading approaches on drug delivery. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102096. [PMID: 38757071 PMCID: PMC11097067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to explore the potential of human plasma-derived exosomes as versatile carriers for drug delivery by employing various active and passive loading methods. Exosomes were isolated from human plasma using differential centrifugation and ultrafiltration method. Drug loading was achieved by employing sonication and freeze thaw methods, facilitating effective drug encapsulation within exosomes for delivery. Each approach was examined for its effectiveness, loading efficiency and ability to preserve membrane stability. Methotrexate (MTX), a weak acid model drug was loaded at a concentration of 2.2 µM to exosomes underwent characterization using various techniques such as particle size analysis, transmission electron microscopy and drug loading capacity. Human plasma derived exosomes showed a mean size of 162.15 ± 28.21 nm and zeta potential of -30.6 ± 0.71 mV. These exosomes were successfully loaded with MTX demonstrated a better drug encapsulation of 64.538 ± 1.54 % by freeze thaw method in comparison 55.515 ± 1.907 % by sonication. In-vitro drug release displayed 60 % loaded drug released within 72 h by freeze thaw method that was significantly different from that by sonication method i.e., 99 % within 72 h (p value 0.0045). Moreover, cell viability of exosomes loaded by freeze thaw method was significantly higher than that by sonication method (p value 0.0091) suggested that there was membrane disruption by sonication method. In conclusion, this study offers valuable insights into the potential of human plasma-derived exosomes loaded by freeze thaw method suggest as a promising carrier for improved drug loading and maintenance of exosomal membrane integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Gul
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060 Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Bashir
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sarfraz
- College of Pharmacy, Al-Ain University, 64141 Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahson Jabbar Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060 Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Faisal Gulzar
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Chenab, 50700 Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Bo Guan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, 832000 Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Imran Nazir
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Amirzada
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060 Abbottabad, Pakistan
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10
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Abyadeh M, Mirshahvaladi S, Kashani SA, Paulo JA, Amirkhani A, Mehryab F, Seydi H, Moradpour N, Jodeiryjabarzade S, Mirzaei M, Gupta V, Shekari F, Salekdeh GH. Proteomic profiling of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: Impact of isolation methods on protein cargo. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e159. [PMID: 38947171 PMCID: PMC11212298 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized vesicles with a lipid bilayer that are secreted by cells and play a critical role in cell-to-cell communication. Despite the promising reports regarding their diagnostic and therapeutic potential, the utilization of EVs in the clinical setting is limited due to insufficient information about their cargo and a lack of standardization in isolation and analysis methods. Considering protein cargos in EVs as key contributors to their therapeutic potency, we conducted a tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics analysis of three subpopulations of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived EVs obtained through three different isolation techniques: ultracentrifugation (UC), high-speed centrifugation (HS), and ultracentrifugation on sucrose cushion (SU). Subsequently, we checked EV marker expression, size distribution, and morphological characterization, followed by bioinformatic analysis. The bioinformatic analysis of the proteome results revealed that these subpopulations exhibit distinct molecular and functional characteristics. The choice of isolation method impacts the proteome of isolated EVs by isolating different subpopulations of EVs. Specifically, EVs isolated through the high-speed centrifugation (HS) method exhibited a higher abundance of ribosomal and mitochondrial proteins. Functional apoptosis assays comparing isolated mitochondria with EVs isolated through different methods revealed that HS-EVs, but not other EVs, induced early apoptosis in cancer cells. On the other hand, EVs isolated using the sucrose cushion (SU) and ultracentrifugation (UC) methods demonstrated a higher abundance of proteins primarily involved in the immune response, cell-cell interactions and extracellular matrix interactions. Our analyses unveil notable disparities in proteins and associated biological functions among EV subpopulations, underscoring the importance of meticulously selecting isolation methods and resultant EV subpopulations based on the intended application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Abyadeh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
| | - Shahab Mirshahvaladi
- Macquarie Medical School, School of MedicineHealth and Human Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Sara Assar Kashani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Joao A. Paulo
- Department of Cell BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ardeshir Amirkhani
- Australian Proteome Analysis FacilityMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Fatemeh Mehryab
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
| | - Homeyra Seydi
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Science and CultureTehranIran
| | | | | | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Macquarie Medical School, School of MedicineHealth and Human Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Macquarie Medical School, School of MedicineHealth and Human Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
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11
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Moghassemi S, Dadashzadeh A, Sousa MJ, Vlieghe H, Yang J, León-Félix CM, Amorim CA. Extracellular vesicles in nanomedicine and regenerative medicine: A review over the last decade. Bioact Mater 2024; 36:126-156. [PMID: 38450204 PMCID: PMC10915394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are known to be secreted by a vast majority of cells. These sEVs, specifically exosomes, induce specific cell-to-cell interactions and can activate signaling pathways in recipient cells through fusion or interaction. These nanovesicles possess several desirable properties, making them ideal for regenerative medicine and nanomedicine applications. These properties include exceptional stability, biocompatibility, wide biodistribution, and minimal immunogenicity. However, the practical utilization of sEVs, particularly in clinical settings and at a large scale, is hindered by the expensive procedures required for their isolation, limited circulation lifetime, and suboptimal targeting capacity. Despite these challenges, sEVs have demonstrated a remarkable ability to accommodate various cargoes and have found extensive applications in the biomedical sciences. To overcome the limitations of sEVs and broaden their potential applications, researchers should strive to deepen their understanding of current isolation, loading, and characterization techniques. Additionally, acquiring fundamental knowledge about sEVs origins and employing state-of-the-art methodologies in nanomedicine and regenerative medicine can expand the sEVs research scope. This review provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art exosome-based strategies in diverse nanomedicine domains, encompassing cancer therapy, immunotherapy, and biomarker applications. Furthermore, we emphasize the immense potential of exosomes in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Moghassemi
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arezoo Dadashzadeh
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria João Sousa
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hanne Vlieghe
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jie Yang
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cecibel María León-Félix
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christiani A. Amorim
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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12
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Wang H, Wang R, Shen K, Huang R, Wang Z. Biological Roles and Clinical Applications of Exosomes in Breast Cancer: A Brief Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4620. [PMID: 38731840 PMCID: PMC11083446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a global health risk for women and has a high prevalence rate. The drug resistance, recurrence, and metastasis of BC affect patient prognosis, thus posing a challenge to scientists. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) that originate from various cells; they have a double-layered lipid membrane structure and contain rich biological information. They mediate intercellular communication and have pivotal roles in tumor development, progression, and metastasis and drug resistance. Exosomes are important cell communication mediators in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Exosomes are utilized as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for estimating the treatment efficacy of BC and have the potential to function as tools to enable the targeted delivery of antitumor drugs. This review introduces recent progress in research on how exosomes influence tumor development and the TME. We also present the research progress on the application of exosomes as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers and drug delivery tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Renhong Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (H.W.); (R.W.); (K.S.)
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (H.W.); (R.W.); (K.S.)
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13
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Salehi M, Negahdari B, Mehryab F, Shekari F. Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Biomedical Applications, Current Challenges, and Future Perspectives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8304-8331. [PMID: 38587896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano to-micrometer-sized sacs that are released by almost all animal and plant cells and act as intercellular communicators by transferring their cargos between the source and target cells. As a safe and scalable alternative to conditioned medium-derived EVs, milk-derived EVs (miEVs) have recently gained a great deal of popularity. Numerous studies have shown that miEVs have intrinsic therapeutic actions that can treat diseases and enhance human health. Additionally, they can be used as natural drug carriers and novel classes of biomarkers. However, due to the complexity of the milk, the successful translation of miEVs from benchtop to bedside still faces several unfilled gaps, especially a lack of standardized protocols for the isolation of high-purity miEVs. In this work, by comprehensively reviewing the bovine miEVs studies, we provide an overview of current knowledge and research on miEVs while highlighting their challenges and enormous promise as a novel class of theranostics. It is hoped that this study will pave the way for clinical applications of miEVs by addressing their challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Salehi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14177-55469, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran
| | - Babak Negahdari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14177-55469, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mehryab
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6153, Iran
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center (ATMP-TDC), Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran
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14
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Qiu H, Liang J, Yang G, Xie Z, Wang Z, Wang L, Zhang J, Nanda HS, Zhou H, Huang Y, Peng X, Lu C, Chen H, Zhou Y. Application of exosomes in tumor immunity: recent progresses. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1372847. [PMID: 38633106 PMCID: PMC11021734 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1372847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, ranging in size from 30 to 150 nm. They contain proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other bioactive molecules, which play a crucial role in intercellular communication and material transfer. In tumor immunity, exosomes present various functions while the following two are of great importance: regulating the immune response and serving as delivery carriers. This review starts with the introduction of the formation, compositions, functions, isolation, characterization, and applications of exosomes, and subsequently discusses the current status of exosomes in tumor immunotherapy, and the recent applications of exosome-based tumor immunity regulation and antitumor drug delivery. Finally, current challenge and future prospects are proposed and hope to demonstrate inspiration for targeted readers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Junting Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Guang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhenyu Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhenpeng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jingying Zhang
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Himansu Sekhar Nanda
- Biomedical Engineering and Technology Lab, Discipline of Mechanical Engineering, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Jabalpur, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hui Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yong Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xinsheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Chengyu Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Huizhi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yubin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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15
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Wang Y, Huo Y, Zhao C, Liu H, Shao Y, Zhu C, An L, Chen X, Chen Z. Engineered exosomes with enhanced stability and delivery efficiency for glioblastoma therapy. J Control Release 2024; 368:170-183. [PMID: 38382811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the application of chemical drugs for glioblastoma treatment is severely limited. Recently, exosomes have been widely applied for drug delivery to the brain. However, the differences in brain targeting efficiency among exosomes derived from different cell sources, as well as the premature drug leakage during circulation, still limit the therapeutic efficacy. Here, we designed a functional oligopeptide-modified exosome loaded with doxorubicin (Pep2-Exos-DOX) for glioblastoma treatment. BV2 mouse microglial cell line was selected as the exosome source due to the favorable BBB penetration. To avoid drug release in the circulation, a redox-response oligopeptide was designed for incorporation into the membranes of exosomes to lock the drug during circulation. The enrichment of the drug in glioblastoma was confirmed. Pharmacodynamic evaluation showed Pep2-Exos-DOX possessed significant anti-cancer activity against glioblastoma as well as relative biosafety. This exosome-based drug delivery system modified with redox-response oligopeptides provides us a novel strategy for brain diseases treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yiming Huo
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chunyuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Heng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Yurou Shao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chenqi Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lan An
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Zhipeng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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16
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Yin W, Ma H, Qu Y, Wang S, Zhao R, Yang Y, Guo ZN. Targeted exosome-based nanoplatform for new-generation therapeutic strategies. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:032002. [PMID: 38471163 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad3310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes, typically 30-150 nm in size, are lipid-bilayered small-membrane vesicles originating in endosomes. Exosome biogenesis is regulated by the coordination of various mechanisms whereby different cargoes (e.g. proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids) are sorted into exosomes. These components endow exosomes with bioregulatory functions related to signal transmission and intercellular communication. Exosomes exhibit substantial potential as drug-delivery nanoplatforms owing to their excellent biocompatibility and low immunogenicity. Proteins, miRNA, siRNA, mRNA, and drugs have been successfully loaded into exosomes, and these exosome-based delivery systems show satisfactory therapeutic effects in different disease models. To enable targeted drug delivery, genetic engineering and chemical modification of the lipid bilayer of exosomes are performed. Stimuli-responsive delivery nanoplatforms designed with appropriate modifications based on various stimuli allow precise control of on-demand drug delivery and can be utilized in clinical treatment. In this review, we summarize the general properties, isolation methods, characterization, biological functions, and the potential role of exosomes in therapeutic delivery systems. Moreover, the effective combination of the intrinsic advantages of exosomes and advanced bioengineering, materials science, and clinical translational technologies are required to accelerate the development of exosome-based delivery nanoplatforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yin
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyin Ma
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Qu
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Siji Wang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoyu Zhao
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, People's Republic of China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, People's Republic of China
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17
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Ray R, Chowdhury SG, Karmakar P. A vivid outline demonstrating the benefits of exosome-mediated drug delivery in CNS-associated disease environments. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 753:109906. [PMID: 38272158 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The efficacy of drug delivery mechanisms has been improvised with time for different therapeutic purposes. In most cases, nano-sized delivery systems have been modeled over decades for the on-target applicability of the drugs. The use of synthetic drug delivery materials has been a common practice, although research has now focussed more on using natural vehicles, to avoid the side effects of synthetic delivery systems and easy acceptance by the body. Exosome is such a natural nano-sized vehicle that exceeds the efficiency of many natural vehicles, for being immune-friendly, due to its origin. Unlike, other natural drug delivery systems, exosomes are originated within the body's cells, and from there, they happen to travel through the extracellular matrices into neighboring cells. This capacity of exosomes has made them an efficient drug delivery system over recent years and now a large number of researches have been carried out to develop exosomes as natural drug delivery vehicles. Several experimental strategies have been practiced in this regard which have shown that exosomes are exclusively capable of carrying drugs and they can also be used in targeted delivery, for which they efficiently can reach and release the drug at their target cells for consecutive effects. One of the most interesting features of exosomes is they can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the body and hence, for the disease where other delivery vehicles are incapable of reaching the destination of the drug, exosomes can overcome the hurdle. This review particularly, focuses on the different aspects of using exosomes as a potential nano-sized drug delivery system for some of the severe diseases associated with the central nervous system of the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachayeeta Ray
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | | | - Parimal Karmakar
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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18
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Song Y, Hu J, Ma C, Liu H, Li Z, Yang Y. Macrophage-Derived Exosomes as Advanced Therapeutics for Inflammation: Current Progress and Future Perspectives. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1597-1627. [PMID: 38406601 PMCID: PMC10888065 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s449388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of numerous diseases is significantly influenced by inflammation. Macrophage-derived exosomes (M-Exos) play a role in controlling inflammatory reactions in various conditions, including chronic inflammatory pain, hypertension, and diabetes. However, the specific targets and roles of M-Exos in regulating inflammation in diseases remain largely unknown. This review summarizes current knowledge on M-Exos biogenesis and provides updated information on M-Exos' biological function in inflammation modulation. Furthermore, this review highlights the functionalization and engineering strategies of M-Exos, while providing an overview of cutting-edge approaches to engineering M-Exos and advancements in their application as therapeutics for inflammation modulation. Finally, multiple engineering strategies and mechanisms are presented in this review along with their perspectives and challenges, and the potential contribution that M-Exos may have in diseases through the modulation of inflammation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjuan Song
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Hu
- Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunlian Ma
- Fitness Monitoring and Chronic Disease Intervention Research Center, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
- College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Liu
- Fitness Monitoring and Chronic Disease Intervention Research Center, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
- College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanghua Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Fitness Monitoring and Chronic Disease Intervention Research Center, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
- College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Wu Z, Cai H, Tian C, Ao Z, Jiang L, Guo F. Exploiting Sound for Emerging Applications of Extracellular Vesicles. NANO RESEARCH 2024; 17:462-475. [PMID: 38712329 PMCID: PMC11073796 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-023-5840-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are nano- to microscale, membrane-bound particles released by cells into extracellular space, and act as carriers of biomarkers and therapeutics, holding promising potential in translational medicine. However, the challenges remain in handling and detecting extracellular vesicles for disease diagnosis as well as exploring their therapeutic capability for disease treatment. Here, we review the recent engineering and technology advances by leveraging the power of sound waves to address the challenges in diagnostic and therapeutic applications of extracellular vesicles and biomimetic nanovesicles. We first introduce the fundamental principles of sound waves for understanding different acoustic-assisted extracellular vesicle technologies. We discuss the acoustic-assisted diagnostic methods including the purification, manipulation, biosensing, and bioimaging of extracellular vesicles. Then, we summarize the recent advances in acoustically enhanced therapeutics using extracellular vesicles and biomimetic nanovesicles. Finally, we provide perspectives into current challenges and future clinical applications of the promising extracellular vesicles and biomimetic nanovesicles powered by sound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuhao Wu
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Hongwei Cai
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Chunhui Tian
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Zheng Ao
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
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20
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Wang T, Huang G, Yi Z, Dai S, Zhuang W, Guo S. Advances in extracellular vesicle-based combination therapies for spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:369-374. [PMID: 37488892 PMCID: PMC10503620 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.377413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a severe insult to the central nervous system that causes persisting neurological deficits. The currently available treatments involve surgical, medical, and rehabilitative strategies. However, none of these techniques can markedly reverse neurological deficits. Recently, extracellular vesicles from various cell sources have been applied to different models of spinal cord injury, thereby generating new cell-free therapies for the treatment of spinal cord injury. However, the use of extracellular vesicles alone is still associated with some notable shortcomings, such as their uncertainty in targeting damaged spinal cord tissues and inability to provide structural support to damaged axons. Therefore, this paper reviews the latest combined strategies for the use of extracellular vesicle-based technology for spinal cord injury, including the combination of extracellular vesicles with nanoparticles, exogenous drugs and/or biological scaffold materials, which facilitate the targeting ability of extracellular vesicles and the combinatorial effects with extracellular vesicles. We also highlight issues relating to the clinical transformation of these extracellular vesicle-based combination strategies for the treatment of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guohao Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhiheng Yi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sihan Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weiduan Zhuang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shaowei Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
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21
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Yu F, Chen Y, Yi W, Guan M, Lin N, Zhuo Y, Lin J, Lai F. Lung-specific exosomes for doxorubicin delivery in lung adenocarcinoma therapy. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300296. [PMID: 38403456 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) could be utilized to treat lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), while dose-limiting cardiotoxicity limits its clinical utilization. MDA-MB-231 cell-derived exosomes show lung-specific organotropism features. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential of MDA-MB-231 cell-derived exosomes in DOX specific delivery to the lung. MDA-MB-231 cell-derived exosomes were coincubated with to construct for the doxorubicin delivery system (D-EXO). Exosomes labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate were incubated with A549 cells or 293T cells, and the engulf and the mean intensity of the fluorescence were detected with immunofluorescence and flow cytometry assay. Cell viability was detected with cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), and cell migration was determined by scratch test. The protein expression was detected by Western blot assay. A549 cell line-derived xenograft mouse model was constructed to examine the treatment effect of D-EXO. MDA-MB-231 cell-derived exosomes could be specially taken up by A549 cells with diminished cell viability but not engulfed by 293T cells. D-EXO inhibited A549 cell migration, and upregulated the protein expression of caspase 3 and cleaved caspase 3 expression, while did not show any inhibition on 293T cells. In vivo orthotopic xenotransplantation model indicated that D-EXO inhibited tumor growth characterized by diminished tumor weight and improved survival rate. No significant change in body weight was observed after the D-EXO treatment. In conclusion, D-EXO proposed in this study could be utilized to treat LUAD with lung-specific delivery effects to improve the survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqiang Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanxun Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Quangang District Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Weiqiang Yi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Maohao Guan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Nanlong Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhuo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fancai Lai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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22
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Yuan Z, Xiong B, Liu L, Lu Y, Liu Y, Wang G, Qian Y, Diao B, Tu M. Exosomal circ_0037104 derived from Hu-MSCs inhibits cholangiocarcinoma progression by sponging miR-620 and targeting AFAP1. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23656. [PMID: 38348717 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are membrane-enclosed nanovesicles that shuttle active cargoes, such as circular RNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), between different cells. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Hu-MSCs) can migrate to tumor sites and exert complex functions throughout tumor progression. In this study, we successfully isolated Hu-MSCs from human umbilical cords based on their surface marker expression. Hu-MSC-derived exosomes significantly reduced the invasion, migration, and proliferation of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells. Furthermore, circ_0037104 was downregulated in CCA and inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of CCA cells. Then, we investigated the effect of Hu-MSC-derived exosomal circ_0037104 on CCA. Circ_0037104 mainly regulates miR-620 and enhances APAF1 expression, inhibiting CCA cell proliferation and metastasis. Overall, Hu-MSC exosomal circ_0037104 contributes to the progression and stemness of CCA cells via miR-620/APAF1. In conclusion, Hu-MSC-derived exosomal circ_0037104 sponges miR-620 directly and negatively targets APAF1 to suppress CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Yuan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Center, General Hospital of Central Theatre Command of People's Liberation Arm, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ba Xiong
- Oncology Department, Maoming Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Lie Liu
- Oncology Department, Maoming Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifan Lu
- Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yueping Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Center, General Hospital of Central Theatre Command of People's Liberation Arm, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Center, General Hospital of Central Theatre Command of People's Liberation Arm, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Qian
- Department of Medical Laboratory Center, General Hospital of Central Theatre Command of People's Liberation Arm, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Diao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Center, General Hospital of Central Theatre Command of People's Liberation Arm, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mingzhong Tu
- Oncology Department, Maoming Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Maoming, Guangdong, China
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23
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Krishnan MA, Alimi OA, Pan T, Kuss M, Korade Z, Hu G, Liu B, Duan B. Engineering Neurotoxin-Functionalized Exosomes for Targeted Delivery to the Peripheral Nervous System. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:102. [PMID: 38258111 PMCID: PMC10818718 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The administration of therapeutics to peripheral nerve tissue is challenging due to the complexities of peripheral neuroanatomy and the limitations imposed by the blood-nerve barrier (BNB). Therefore, there is a pressing need to enhance delivery effectiveness and implement targeted delivery methods. Recently, erythrocyte-derived exosomes (Exos) have gained widespread attention as biocompatible vehicles for therapeutics in clinical applications. However, engineering targeted Exos for the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is still challenging. This study aims to develop a targeted Exo delivery system specifically designed for presynaptic terminals of peripheral nerve tissue. The clostridium neurotoxin, tetanus toxin-C fragment (TTC), was tethered to the surface of red blood cell (RBC)-derived Exos via a facile and efficient bio-orthogonal click chemistry method without a catalyst. Additionally, Cyanine5 (Cy5), a reactive fluorescent tag, was also conjugated to track Exo movement in both in vitro and in vivo models. Subsequently, Neuro-2a, a mouse neuronal cell line, was treated with dye-labeled Exos with/without TTC in vitro, and the results indicated that TTC-Exos exhibited more efficient accumulation along the soma and axonal circumference, compared to their unmodified counterparts. Further investigation, using a mouse model, revealed that within 72 h of intramuscular administration, engineered TTC-Exos were successfully transported into the neuromuscular junction and sciatic nerve tissues. These results indicated that TTC played a crucial role in the Exo delivery system, improving the affinity to peripheral nerves. These promising results underscore the potential of using targeted Exo carriers to deliver therapeutics for treating peripheral neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mena Asha Krishnan
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.A.K.); (O.A.A.); (T.P.); (M.K.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Olawale A. Alimi
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.A.K.); (O.A.A.); (T.P.); (M.K.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Tianshu Pan
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.A.K.); (O.A.A.); (T.P.); (M.K.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mitchell Kuss
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.A.K.); (O.A.A.); (T.P.); (M.K.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Zeljka Korade
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
- Child Health Research Institute, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Guoku Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Bo Liu
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.A.K.); (O.A.A.); (T.P.); (M.K.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Bin Duan
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.A.K.); (O.A.A.); (T.P.); (M.K.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
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24
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Li J, Tang Y, Yin L, Lin X, Luo Z, Wang S, Yuan L, Liang P, Jiang B. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in myocardial infarction: Therapeutic potential and application. J Gene Med 2024; 26:e3596. [PMID: 37726968 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction refers to the irreversible impairment of cardiac function resulting from the permanent loss of numerous cardiomyocytes and the formation of scar tissue. This condition is caused by acute and persistent inadequate blood supply to the heart's arteries. In the treatment of myocardial infarction, Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a crucial role because of their powerful therapeutic effects. These effects primarily stem from the paracrine secretion of multiple factors by MSCs, with exosome-carried microRNAs being the most effective component in promoting cardiac function recovery after infarction. Exosome therapy has emerged as a promising cell-free treatment for myocardial infarction as a result of its relatively simple composition, low immunogenicity and controlled transplantation dose. Despite these advantages, maintaining the stability of exosomes after transplantation and enhancing their targeting effect remain significant challenges in clinical applications. In recent developments, several approaches have been designed to optimize exosome therapy. These include enhancing exosome retention, improving their ability to target specific effects, pretreating MSC-derived exosomes and employing transgenic MSC-derived exosomes. This review primarily focuses on describing the biological characteristics of exosomes, their therapeutic potential and their application in treating myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuting Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Leijing Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaofang Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengyang Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuxin Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ludong Yuan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pengfei Liang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bimei Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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25
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Teymouri S, Pourhajibagher M, Bahador A. Exosomes: Friends or Foes in Microbial Infections? Infect Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:e170124225730. [PMID: 38317472 DOI: 10.2174/0118715265264388231128045954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The use of new approaches is necessary to address the global issue of infections caused by drug-resistant pathogens. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a promising approach that reduces the emergence of drug resistance, and no resistance has been reported thus far. APDT involves using a photosensitizer (PS), a light source, and oxygen. The mechanism of aPDT is that a specific wavelength of light is directed at the PS in the presence of oxygen, which activates the PS and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), consequently causing damage to microbial cells. However, due to the PS's poor stability, low solubility in water, and limited bioavailability, it is necessary to employ drug delivery platforms to enhance the effectiveness of PS in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Exosomes are considered a desirable carrier for PS due to their specific characteristics, such as low immunogenicity, innate stability, and high ability to penetrate cells, making them a promising platform for drug delivery. Additionally, exosomes also possess antimicrobial properties, although in some cases, they may enhance microbial pathogenicity. As there are limited studies on the use of exosomes for drug delivery in microbial infections, this review aims to present significant points that can provide accurate insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samane Teymouri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Fellowship in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, BioHealth Lab, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Mehryab F, Rabbani S, Shekari F, Nazari A, Goshtasbi N, Haeri A. Sirolimus-loaded exosomes as a promising vascular delivery system for the prevention of post-angioplasty restenosis. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:158-176. [PMID: 37518365 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01390-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Restenosis remains the main reason for treatment failure of arterial disease. Sirolimus (SIR) as a potent anti-proliferative agent is believed to prevent the phenomenon. The application of exosomes provides an extended-release delivery platform for SIR intramural administration. Herein, SIR was loaded into fibroblast-derived exosomes isolated by ultracentrifugation. Different parameters affecting drug loading were optimized, and exosome samples were characterized regarding physicochemical, pharmaceutical, and biological properties. Cytotoxicity, scratch wound assays, and quantitative real-time PCR for inflammation- and migration-associated genes were performed. Restenosis was induced by carotid injury in a rat carotid model and then exosomes were locally administered. After 14 days, animals were investigated by computed tomography (CT) angiography, morphometric, and immunohistochemical analyses. Western blotting confirmed the presence of specific protein markers in exosomes. Characterization of empty and SIR-loaded exosomes verified round and nanoscale structure of vesicles. Among prepared formulations, desired entrapment efficiency (EE) of 76% was achieved by protein:drug proportion of 2:1 and simple incubation for 30 min at 37 °C. Also, the optimal formulation released about 30% of the drug content during the first 24 h, followed by a prolonged release for several days. In vitro studies revealed the uptake and functional efficacy of the optimized formulation. In vivo studies revealed that %restenosis was in the following order: saline > empty exosomes > SIR-loaded exosomes. Furthermore, Ki67, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) markers were less expressed in the SIR-exosomes-treated arteries. These findings confirmed that exosomal SIR could be a hopeful strategy for the prevention of restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mehryab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Rabbani
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdoreza Nazari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Goshtasbi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Haeri
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran.
- Protein Technology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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27
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Raza F, Zafar H, Jiang L, Su J, Yuan W, Qiu M, Paiva-Santos AC. Progress of cell membrane-derived biomimetic nanovesicles for cancer phototherapy. Biomater Sci 2023; 12:57-91. [PMID: 37902579 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01170d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, considerable attention has been given to phototherapy, including photothermal and photodynamic therapy to kill tumor cells by producing heat or reactive oxygen species (ROS). It has the high merits of noninvasiveness and limited drug resistance. To fully utilize this therapy, an extraordinary nanovehicle is required to target phototherapeutic agents in the tumor cells. Nanovesicles embody an ideal strategy for drug delivery applications. Cell membrane-derived biomimetic nanovesicles represent a developing type of nanocarrier. Combining this technique with cancer phototherapy could enable a novel strategy. Herein, efforts are made to describe a comprehensive overview of cell membrane-derived biomimetic nanovesicles for cancer phototherapy. The description in this review is mainly based on representative examples of exosome-derived biomimetic nanomedicine research, ranging from their comparison with traditional nanocarriers to extensive applications in cancer phototherapy. Additionally, the challenges and future prospectives for translating these for clinical application are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Raza
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China.
| | - Hajra Zafar
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China.
| | - Liangdi Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China.
| | - Jing Su
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China.
| | - Weien Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mingfeng Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China.
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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28
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Hu J, Zhu J, Chai J, Zhao Y, Luan J, Wang Y. Application of exosomes as nanocarriers in cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:10595-10612. [PMID: 37927220 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01991h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer remains the most common lethal disease in the world. Although the treatment choices for cancer are still limited, significant progress has been made over the past few years. By improving targeted drug therapy, drug delivery systems promoted the therapeutic effects of anti-cancer medications. Exosome is a kind of natural nanoscale delivery system with natural substance transport properties, good biocompatibility, and high tumor targeting, which shows great potential in drug carriers, thereby providing novel strategies for cancer therapy. In this review, we present the formation, distribution, and characteristics of exosomes. Besides, extraction and isolation techniques are discussed. We focus on the recent progress and application of exosomes in cancer therapy in four aspects: exosome-mediated gene therapy, chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, and combination therapy. The current challenges and future developments of exosome-mediated cancer therapy are also discussed. Finally, the latest advances in the application of exosomes as drug delivery carriers in cancer therapy are summarized, which provide practical value and guidance for the development of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
| | - Junfei Zhu
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Sakura East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Chai
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
| | - Yudie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
| | - Jiajie Luan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
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Wang L, Yu X, Zhou J, Su C. Extracellular Vesicles for Drug Delivery in Cancer Treatment. Biol Proced Online 2023; 25:28. [PMID: 37946166 PMCID: PMC10634104 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-023-00220-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale vesicles derived from cells that mediate intercellular communication by transporting bioactive molecules. They play significant roles in various physiological and pathological conditions. EVs hold great potential as novel biomarkers of diseases, therapeutic agents, and drug delivery vehicles. Furthermore, EVs as novel drug delivery vehicles have demonstrated significant advantages in preclinical settings. In this review, we discussed the biogenesis and characteristics of EVs and their functions in cancer. We summarize the therapeutic applications of EVs as a natural delivery vehicles in cancer therapy. We highlight the existing challenges, illuminate vital questions, and propose recommendations to effectively address them effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Chunxia Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
- Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
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30
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Lee CS, Lee M, Na K, Hwang HS. Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Cancer Therapy and Tissue Engineering Applications. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5278-5311. [PMID: 37867343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Recently, stem cells and their secretomes have attracted great attention in biomedical applications, particularly extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are secretomes of cells for cell-to-cell communication. They play a role as intercellular messengers as they carry proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and therapeutic agents. They have also been utilized as drug-delivery vehicles due to their biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, stability, targetability, and engineerable properties. The therapeutic potential of EVs can be further enhanced by surface engineering and modification using functional molecules such as aptamers, peptides, and antibodies. As a consequence, EVs hold great promise as effective delivery vehicles for enhancing treatment efficacy while avoiding side effects. Among various cell types that secrete EVs, stem cells are ideal sources of EVs because stem cells have unique properties such as self-renewal and regenerative potential for transplantation into damaged tissues that can facilitate their regeneration. However, challenges such as immune rejection and ethical considerations remain significant hurdles. Stem cell-derived EVs have been extensively explored as a cell-free approach that bypasses many challenges associated with cell-based therapy in cancer therapy and tissue regeneration. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge of various types of stem cells as a source of EVs, their engineering, and applications of EVs, focusing on cancer therapy and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Sung Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Lee
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kun Na
- Department of BioMedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sook Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
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Wang G, Wang Z, Zhang J, Shen Y, Hou X, Su L, Chen W, Chen J, Guo X, Song H. Treatment of androgenetic alopecia by exosomes secreted from hair papilla cells and the intervention effect of LTF. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:2996-3007. [PMID: 37553912 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of chronic progressive hair loss in men, and AGA has a severe negative impact on the quality of life and physical and mental health of patients. METHODS Four female C57BL/6 mice were isolated from DP cells in culture (≤4 generations) after stimulation of DPC proliferation by herbal concentrations obtained by the CCK-8 method, and exosomes were isolated by differential centrifugation at low temperature. Testosterone propionate and topical hair removal treatments were used together to establish the C57BL/6 mouse AGA model, which was treated with LTF, 5% minoxidil, and LTF-DPC-EXO, respectively. ELISA was used to detect serum hormone levels, in vivo tracing was used to observe dynamic changes in exosomes, H&E staining showed changes in mouse hair follicle tissue, and (q) RT-PCR and WB were used to detect dorsal skin VEGF, AKT1, and CASP3 expression in dorsal skin tissues. RESULTS Hair regeneration was significant in the LTF group, minoxidil group, and LTF-DPC-EXO group mice, and the hair growth was only seen in the local skin in the model group. The hormone T in all treatment groups was lower than that in the model group, and e2 was higher than that in the model group. (q) RT-PCR and western blot showed that VEGF and AKT1 expressions were upregulated and Caspase3 expression was downregulated in the skin sections of mice in the treatment groups. CONCLUSION DPC-EXO obtained through LTF may activate AKT1 and VEGF in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to inhibit CASP3, thereby protecting DPC to restore the hair growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyue Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhili Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Hou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Su
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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32
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Gholami Farashah MS, Javadi M, Soleimani Rad J, Shakouri SK, Asnaashari S, Dastmalchi S, Nikzad S, Roshangar L. 17β-Estradiol-Loaded Exosomes for Targeted Drug Delivery in Osteoporosis: A Comparative Study of Two Loading Methods. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:736-746. [PMID: 38022800 PMCID: PMC10676548 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Exosomes are natural nanoparticles that participate in intercellular communication through molecular transport. Recently, due to their membrane vesicular structure and surface proteins, exosomes have been used extensively in the research field of drug delivery. Osteoporosis is an inflammation in which the cellular balance of bone tissue is disturbed that reduces bone density and making bone prone to abnormal fractures with small amount of force. Utilizing estrogen is one of the main therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis. Despite the positive effects of estrogen on bone tissue, changes in the natural estrogen levels of the body can cause a number of diseases such as different types of cancer. Therefore, designing a therapeutic system which controls more accurate tissue targeting of estrogen seems to be a rational and promising practical approach. Methods In this study, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs)-derived exosomes were loaded by estradiol using two different methods of drug loading, namely incubation and sonication methods and then the survival effects of the drug loaded exosomes on BMMSCs was investigated. Results Examination of size, shape, and surface factors of exosomes in different states (pure exosomes and drug-loaded exosomes) showed that the round morphology of exosomes was preserved in all conditions. However, the particles size increased significantly when loaded by sonication method. The increased survival of BMMSCs was noted with estradiol-loaded exosomes when compared to the control group. Conclusion The results suggest that estradiol-loaded exosomes have potential to be used as nano-drug carriers in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sadegh Gholami Farashah
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Javadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Soleimani Rad
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Kazem Shakouri
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Asnaashari
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, POBOX:99138, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Sadeneh Nikzad
- Biology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Li S, Mok GSP, Dai Y. Lipid bilayer-based biological nanoplatforms for sonodynamic cancer therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 202:115110. [PMID: 37820981 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has been developed as a promising alternative therapeutic modality for cancer treatment, involving the synergetic application of sonosensitizers and low-intensity ultrasound. However, the antitumor efficacy of SDT is significantly limited due to the poor performance of conventional sonosensitizers in vivo and the constrained tumor microenvironment (TME). Recent breakthroughs in lipid bilayer-based nanovesicles (LBBNs), including multifunctional liposomes, exosomes, and isolated cellular membranes, have brought new insights into the advancement of SDT. Despite their distinct sources and preparation methods, the lipid bilayer structure in common allows them to be functionalized in many comparable ways to serve as ideal nanocarriers against challenges arising from the tumor-specific sonosensitizer delivery and the complicated TME. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the recent advances in LBBN-based SDT, with particular attention on how LBBNs can be engineered to improve the delivery efficiency of sonosensitizers and overcome physical, biological, and immune barriers within the TME for enhanced sonodynamic cancer therapy. We anticipate that this review will offer valuable guidance in the construction of LBBN-based nanosonosensitizers and contribute to the development of advanced strategies for next-generation sonodynamic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhao Li
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China; MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Greta S P Mok
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory (BIG), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Yunlu Dai
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China; MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China.
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34
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Gao H, Wang S, Liu Z, Hirvonen JT, A. Santos H. Mycophenolic Acid-loaded Naïve Macrophage-derived Extracellular Vesicles Rescue Cardiac Myoblast after Inflammatory Injury. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:4269-4276. [PMID: 37774367 PMCID: PMC10583195 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are natural endogenous extracellular vesicles with phospholipid-based bilayer membrane structures. Due to their unique protein-decorated membrane properties, exosomes have been regarded as promising drug carriers to deliver small molecules and genes. A number of approaches have been developed for exosome-based drug loading. However, the drug loading capability of exosomes is inconsistent, and the effects of loading methods on the therapeutic efficacy have not been investigated in detail. Herein, we developed anti-inflammatory drug-loaded exosomes as an immunomodulatory nanoplatform. Naïve macrophage-derived exosomes (Mϕ-EVs) were loaded with the anti-inflammatory drug mycophenolic acid (MPA) by three major loading methods. Loading into exosomes significantly enhanced anti-inflammatory and antioxidation effects of MPA in vitro compared to free drugs. These findings provide a scientific basis for developing naïve macrophage-secreted exosomes as drug carriers for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering
and Materials Science, University Medical
Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zehua Liu
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouni T. Hirvonen
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hélder A. Santos
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering
and Materials Science, University Medical
Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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35
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Yang X, Xie X, Liu S, Ma W, Zheng Z, Wei H, Yu CY. Engineered Exosomes as Theranostic Platforms for Cancer Treatment. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5479-5503. [PMID: 37695590 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous progress in nanotechnology and nanomedicine has made a significant positive effect on cancer treatment by integrating multicomponents into a single multifunctional nanosized delivery system for combinatorial therapies. Although numerous nanocarriers developed so far have achieved excellent therapeutic performance in mouse models via elegant integration of chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, and immunotherapy, their synthetic origin may still cause systemic toxicity, immunogenicity, and preferential detection or elimination by the immune system. Exosomes, endogenous nanosized particles secreted by multiple biological cells, could be absorbed by recipient cells to facilitate intercellular communication and content delivery. Therefore, exosomes have emerged as novel cargo delivery tools and attracted considerable attention for cancer diagnosis and treatment due to their innate stability, biological compatibility, and biomembrane penetration capacity. Exosome-related properties and functions have been well-documented; however, there are few reviews, to our knowledge, with a focus on the combination of exosomes and nanotechnology for the development of exosome-based theranostic platforms. To make a timely review on this hot subject of research, we summarize the basic information, isolation and functionalization methodologies, diagnostic and therapeutic potential of exosomes in various cancers with an emphasis on the description of exosome-related nanomedicine for cancer theranostics. The existing appealing challenges and outlook in exosome clinical translation are finally introduced. Advanced biotechnology and nanotechnology will definitely not only promote the integration of intrinsic advantages of natural nanosized exosomes with traditional synthetic nanomaterials for modulated precise cancer treatment but also contribute to the clinical translations of exosome-based nanomedicine as theranostic nanoplatforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Province Cooperative, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiangyu Xie
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Songbin Liu
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Province Cooperative, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Province Cooperative, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Province Cooperative, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Cui-Yun Yu
- Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
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Mehryab F, Taghizadeh F, Goshtasbi N, Merati F, Rabbani S, Haeri A. Exosomes as cutting-edge therapeutics in various biomedical applications: An update on engineering, delivery, and preclinical studies. Biochimie 2023; 213:139-167. [PMID: 37207937 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-derived nanovesicles, circulating in different body fluids, and acting as an intercellular mechanism. They can be purified from culture media of different cell types and carry an enriched content of various protein and nucleic acid molecules originating from their parental cells. It was indicated that the exosomal cargo can mediate immune responses via many signaling pathways. Over recent years, the therapeutic effects of various exosome types were broadly investigated in many preclinical studies. Herein, we present an update on recent preclinical studies on exosomes as therapeutic and/or delivery agents for various applications. The exosome origin, structural modifications, natural or loaded active ingredients, size, and research outcomes were summarized for various diseases. Overall, the present article provides an overview of the latest exosome research interests and developments to clear the way for the clinical study design and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mehryab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Taghizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Goshtasbi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Merati
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Rabbani
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Haeri
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Protein Technology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Patel G, Agnihotri TG, Gitte M, Shinde T, Gomte SS, Goswami R, Jain A. Exosomes: a potential diagnostic and treatment modality in the quest for counteracting cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46:1159-1179. [PMID: 37040056 PMCID: PMC10088756 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00810-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes are nanosized bio vesicles formed when multivesicular bodies and the plasma membrane merge and discharge into bodily fluids. They are well recognized for facilitating intercellular communication by transporting numerous biomolecules, including DNA, RNAs, proteins, and lipids, and have been implicated in varied diseases including cancer. Exosomes may be altered to transport a variety of therapeutic payloads, including as short interfering RNAs, antisense oligonucleotides, chemotherapeutic drugs, and immunological modulators, and can be directed to a specific target. Exosomes also possess the potential to act as a diagnostic biomarker in cancer, in addition to their therapeutic potential. CONCLUSION In this review, the physiological roles played by exosomes were summarized along with their biogenesis process. Different isolation techniques of exosomes including centrifugation-based, size-based, and polymer precipitation-based techniques have also been described in detail with a special focus on cancer therapeutic applications. The review also shed light on techniques of incubation of drugs with exosomes and their characterization methods covering the most advanced techniques. Myriad applications of exosomes in cancer as diagnostic biomarkers, drug delivery carriers, and chemoresistance-related issues have been discussed at length. Furthermore, a brief overview of exosome-based anti-cancer vaccines and a few prominent challenges concerning exosomal delivery have been concluded at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Tejas Girish Agnihotri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Manoj Gitte
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Tanuja Shinde
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Shyam Sudhakar Gomte
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Roshan Goswami
- Biological E Limited, Plot No-1, Phase 2, Kolthur Village, Medchal District, Shameerpet Mdl, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Aakanchha Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India.
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Xu X, Xu L, Wen C, Xia J, Zhang Y, Liang Y. Programming assembly of biomimetic exosomes: An emerging theranostic nanomedicine platform. Mater Today Bio 2023; 22:100760. [PMID: 37636982 PMCID: PMC10450992 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have emerged as a promising cell-free therapeutic approach. However, challenges in large-scale production, quality control, and heterogeneity must be overcome before they can be used clinically. Biomimetic exosomes containing key components of natural exosomes have been assembled through extrusion, artificial synthesis, and liposome fusion to address these limitations. These exosome-mimetics (EMs) possess similar morphology and function but provide higher yields, faster large-scale production, and similar size compared to conventional exosomes. This article provides an overview of the chemical and biological properties of various synthetic exosome systems, including nanovesicles (NVs), EMs, and hybrid exosomes. We highlight recent advances in the production and applications of nanobiotechnology and discuss the advantages, limitations, and potential clinical applications of programming assembly of exosome mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272029, China
| | - Limei Xu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272029, China
| | - Caining Wen
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272029, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuanmin Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272029, China
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Yujie Liang
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272029, China
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
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Shekari F, Alibhai FJ, Baharvand H, Börger V, Bruno S, Davies O, Giebel B, Gimona M, Salekdeh GH, Martin‐Jaular L, Mathivanan S, Nelissen I, Nolte‐’t Hoen E, O'Driscoll L, Perut F, Pluchino S, Pocsfalvi G, Salomon C, Soekmadji C, Staubach S, Torrecilhas AC, Shelke GV, Tertel T, Zhu D, Théry C, Witwer K, Nieuwland R. Cell culture-derived extracellular vesicles: Considerations for reporting cell culturing parameters. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 2:e115. [PMID: 38939735 PMCID: PMC11080896 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Cell culture-conditioned medium (CCM) is a valuable source of extracellular vesicles (EVs) for basic scientific, therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Cell culturing parameters affect the biochemical composition, release and possibly the function of CCM-derived EVs (CCM-EV). The CCM-EV task force of the Rigor and Standardization Subcommittee of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles aims to identify relevant cell culturing parameters, describe their effects based on current knowledge, recommend reporting parameters and identify outstanding questions. While some recommendations are valid for all cell types, cell-specific recommendations may need to be established for non-mammalian sources, such as bacteria, yeast and plant cells. Current progress towards these goals is summarized in this perspective paper, along with a checklist to facilitate transparent reporting of cell culturing parameters to improve the reproducibility of CCM-EV research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center (ATMP‐TDC), Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
| | | | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in BiologyUniversity of Science and CultureTehranIran
| | - Verena Börger
- Institute for Transfusion MedicineUniversity Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Stefania Bruno
- Department of Medical Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology CenterUniversity of TorinoTurinItaly
| | - Owen Davies
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion MedicineUniversity Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Mario Gimona
- GMP UnitSpinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS) and Research Program “Nanovesicular Therapies” Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | | | - Lorena Martin‐Jaular
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932 and Curie CoreTech Extracellular VesiclesPSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Suresh Mathivanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Inge Nelissen
- VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Health departmentBoeretangBelgium
| | - Esther Nolte‐’t Hoen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Lorraine O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Francesca Perut
- Biomedical Science and Technologies and Nanobiotechnology LabIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Gabriella Pocsfalvi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResourcesNational Research CouncilNaplesItaly
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae‐Oncology Group, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Carolina Soekmadji
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | | | - Ana Claudia Torrecilhas
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários, Departamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)SPBrazil
| | - Ganesh Vilas Shelke
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Tobias Tertel
- Institute for Transfusion MedicineUniversity Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Dandan Zhu
- The Ritchie CentreHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Clotilde Théry
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932 and Curie CoreTech Extracellular VesiclesPSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Kenneth Witwer
- Departments of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology and Neurology and Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's DiseaseJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical CentersLocation AMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Vesicle Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Wang J, Wang T, Fang M, Wang Z, Xu W, Teng B, Yuan Q, Hu X. Advances of nanotechnology for intracerebral hemorrhage therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1265153. [PMID: 37771570 PMCID: PMC10523393 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1265153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the most devastating subtype of stoke, is of high mortality at 5 years and even those survivors usually would suffer permanent disabilities. Fortunately, various preclinical active drugs have been approached in ICH, meanwhile, the therapeutic effects of these pharmaceutical ingredients could be fully boosted with the assistance of nanotechnology. In this review, besides the pathology of ICH, some ICH therapeutically available active drugs and their employed nanotechnologies, material functions, and therapeutic principles were comprehensively discussed hoping to provide novel and efficient strategies for ICH therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianyou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zexu Wang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bang Teng
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qijuan Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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41
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Taravat M, Asadpour R, Jozani RJ, Fattahi A, Khordadmehr M. Enhanced anti-inflammatory effect of Rosmarinic acid by encapsulation and combination with the exosome in mice with LPS-induced endometritis through suppressing the TLR4-NLRP3 signaling pathway. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 159:103992. [PMID: 37451160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The TLR4-NLRP3 signaling pathway plays an essential role in the development of inflammation and especially endometritis. Rosmarinic acid (RA) can have potent anti-inflammatory effects in the drug-loading system. The purpose of this was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of RA loaded to exosomes (RLE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endometritis in mice. RA was loaded into serum-derived exosome, using sonication methods. Animals in the treatment groups were subjected to uterine horn injection of RA, exosome, RA combination with exosome (R+E), and RA loaded to exosome (RLE) in uterine horn by two dosages in each group (5 and 10 mg/kg of RA or exosome), 24 h after inducing endometritis. Histopathological analysis, MPO production, immunohistochemistry, and qPCR were used to determine whether the treatment groups were adequate in controlling inflammation. The results showed that treatment groups, and mainly RLE10 and R10 +E10 groups, could modulate pathological changes, inhibit myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and significantly reduce the gene and protein expression of TLR4, NLRP3, inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α, and lastly, GSDM-D as a pyroptosis factor. In conclusion, RA loaded and combination with exosomes at a dosage of 10 mg/kg (RLE10 and R10 +E10) improved endometritis in mice through a suppressing TLR4-NLRP3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Taravat
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Asadpour
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Razi Jafari Jozani
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Fattahi
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Monireh Khordadmehr
- Department of Basic science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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42
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Hennigan K, Lavik E. Nature vs. Manmade: Comparing Exosomes and Liposomes for Traumatic Brain Injury. AAPS J 2023; 25:83. [PMID: 37610471 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00849-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) of all severities is a significant public health burden, causing a range of effects that can lead to death or a diminished quality of life. Liposomes and mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes are two drug delivery agents with potential to be leveraged in the treatment of TBI by increasing the efficacy of drug therapies as well as having additional therapeutic effects. They exhibit several physical similarities, but key differences affect their performances as nanocarriers. Liposomes can be produced commercially at scale, and liposomes achieve higher encapsulation efficiency. Meanwhile, the intrinsic cargo and targeting moieties of exosomes, which liposomes lack, give exosomes a greater ability to facilitate neural regeneration, and exosomes do not trigger the infusion reactions that liposomes can. However, there are concerns about both exosomes and liposomes regarding interactions with tumors. The same routes of administration can be used for both exosomes and liposomes, resulting in somewhat different distribution throughout the body. While the effect of the nanocarrier type on accumulation in the brain is not concrete, targeting leads to increased accumulation of both exosomes and liposomes in the brain, upon which on-demand release can be used for both drug deliverers. Although neither have been applied to TBI in humans, preclinical trials have shown their immense potential, as have clinical trials pertaining to other brain injuries and conditions. While questions remain, research thus far shows that the various differences make exosomes a better choice of nanocarrier for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Hennigan
- Marriotts Ridge High School, Ellicott City, Maryland, 21042, USA
| | - Erin Lavik
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland, 21250, USA.
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Pan R, Chen D, Hou L, Hu R, Jiao Z. Small extracellular vesicles: a novel drug delivery system for neurodegenerative disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1184435. [PMID: 37404690 PMCID: PMC10315580 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1184435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) have a slow onset and are usually detected late during disease. NDs are often difficult to cure due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which makes it difficult to find effective treatments and drugs, causing great stress and financial burden to families and society. Currently, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are the most promising drug delivery systems (DDSs) for targeted delivery of molecules to specific sites in the brain as a therapeutic vehicle due to their low toxicity, low immunogenicity, high stability, high delivery efficiency, high biocompatibility and trans-BBB functionality. Here, we review the therapeutic application of sEVs in several NDs, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease, discuss the current barriers associated with sEVs and brain-targeted DDS, and suggest future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Pan
- First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dongdong Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lanlan Hou
- First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhigang Jiao
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Precision Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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Hazrati A, Mirsanei Z, Heidari N, Malekpour K, Rahmani-Kukia N, Abbasi A, Soudi S. The potential application of encapsulated exosomes: A new approach to increase exosomes therapeutic efficacy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114615. [PMID: 37011484 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy is one of the methods that have shown promising results in treating diseases in recent decades. However, the use of different types of cells comes with limitations. The application of immune cells in cell therapy can lead to cytokine storms and inappropriate responses to self-antigens. Also, the use of stem cells has the potential to create tumors. Also, cells may not migrate to the injury site after intravenous injection. Therefore, using exosomes from different cells as therapeutic candidates were proposed. Due to their small size and favorable characteristics, such as biocompatibility and immunocompatibility, the easy storage and isolation, exosomes have attracted much attention. They are used in treating many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, orthopedic diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. However, the results of various studies have shown that the therapeutic efficiency of exosomes (Exo) can be increased by loading different drugs and microRNAs inside them (encapsulated exosomes). Therefore, analyzing studies investigating encapsulated exosomes' therapeutic ability is critical. In this study, we have examined the studies related to the use of encapsulated exosomes in treating diseases such as cancer and infectious diseases and their use in regenerative medicine. Compared to intact exosomes, the results show that the application of encapsulated exosomes has a higher therapeutic ability. Therefore it is suggested to use this method depending on the treatment type to increase the treatment's efficiency.
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45
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Fan S, Poetsch A. Proteomic Research of Extracellular Vesicles in Clinical Biofluid. Proteomes 2023; 11:proteomes11020018. [PMID: 37218923 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes11020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), the lipid bilayer membranous structures of particles, are produced and released from almost all cells, including eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The versatility of EVs has been investigated in various pathologies, including development, coagulation, inflammation, immune response modulation, and cell-cell communication. Proteomics technologies have revolutionized EV studies by enabling high-throughput analysis of their biomolecules to deliver comprehensive identification and quantification with rich structural information (PTMs, proteoforms). Extensive research has highlighted variations in EV cargo depending on vesicle size, origin, disease, and other features. This fact has sparked activities to use EVs for diagnosis and treatment to ultimately achieve clinical translation with recent endeavors summarized and critically reviewed in this publication. Notably, successful application and translation require a constant improvement of methods for sample preparation and analysis and their standardization, both of which are areas of active research. This review summarizes the characteristics, isolation, and identification approaches for EVs and the recent advances in EVs for clinical biofluid analysis to gain novel knowledge by employing proteomics. In addition, the current and predicted future challenges and technical barriers are also reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipan Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330021, China
| | - Ansgar Poetsch
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330021, China
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Macedo-Pereira A, Martins C, Lima J, Sarmento B. Digging the intercellular crosstalk via extracellular vesicles: May exosomes be the drug delivery solution for target glioblastoma? J Control Release 2023; 358:98-115. [PMID: 37120033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an adult's most aggressive brain tumor. The advances in molecular pathology and cell signaling pathways have deepened researchers' understanding of intercellular communication mechanisms that can induce tumor progression, namely the release of extracellular vesicles. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles in various biological fluids released by almost all cells, thus carrying various biomolecules specific to their parental cell. Several pieces of evidence indicate that exosomes mediate intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment and cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), valuable tools for diagnostic and therapeutic applications under the scope of brain diseases such as brain tumors. This review aims to resume the several biological characteristics and the interplay between glioblastoma and exosomes, describing highlight studies that demonstrate the role of exosomes in the tumor microenvironment of GBM and their potential for non-invasive diagnoses and therapeutic approaches, namely, as nanocarriers for drug or gene delivery and cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Macedo-Pereira
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo, Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; FMUP - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Martins
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo, Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Lima
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo, Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; FMUP - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo, Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; IUCS - CESPU, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
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Abdelsalam M, Ahmed M, Osaid Z, Hamoudi R, Harati R. Insights into Exosome Transport through the Blood-Brain Barrier and the Potential Therapeutical Applications in Brain Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:571. [PMID: 37111328 PMCID: PMC10144189 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) is limited due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a selective physiological barrier located at the brain microvessels that regulates the flow of cells, molecules and ions between the blood and the brain. Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles expressed by all cell types and that function as cargos, allowing for communication between the cells. The exosomes were shown to cross or regulate the BBB in healthy and disease conditions. However, the mechanistic pathways by which exosomes cross the BBB have not been fully elucidated yet. In this review, we explore the transport mechanisms of exosomes through the BBB. A large body of evidence suggests that exosome transport through the BBB occurs primarily through transcytosis. The transcytosis mechanisms are influenced by several regulators. Inflammation and metastasis also enhance exosome trafficking across the BBB. We also shed light on the therapeutical applications of exosomes for treating brain diseases. Further investigations are essential to provide clearer insights related to trafficking of exosomes across the BBB and disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Abdelsalam
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (M.A.); (M.A.); (Z.O.)
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Munazza Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (M.A.); (M.A.); (Z.O.)
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zaynab Osaid
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (M.A.); (M.A.); (Z.O.)
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London W1W 7EJ, UK
| | - Rania Harati
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (M.A.); (M.A.); (Z.O.)
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
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48
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Liu A, Hefley B, Escandon P, Nicholas SE, Karamichos D. Salivary Exosomes in Health and Disease: Future Prospects in the Eye. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076363. [PMID: 37047335 PMCID: PMC10094317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a group of vesicles that package and transport DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids to recipient cells. They can be derived from blood, saliva, urine, and/or other biological tissues. Their impact on several diseases, such as neurodegenerative, autoimmune, and ocular diseases, have been reported, but not fully unraveled. The exosomes that are derived from saliva are less studied, but offer significant advantages over exosomes from other sources, due to their accessibility and ease of collection. Thus, their role in the pathophysiology of diseases is largely unknown. In the context of ocular diseases, salivary exosomes have been under-utilized, thus creating an enormous gap in the literature. The current review discusses the state of exosomes research on systemic and ocular diseases and highlights the role and potential of salivary exosomes as future ocular therapeutic vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Liu
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Brenna Hefley
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Paulina Escandon
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Sarah E. Nicholas
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-817-735-2101
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Shekari F, Abyadeh M, Meyfour A, Mirzaei M, Chitranshi N, Gupta V, Graham SL, Salekdeh GH. Extracellular Vesicles as reconfigurable therapeutics for eye diseases: Promises and hurdles. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 225:102437. [PMID: 36931589 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
A large number of people worldwide suffer from visual impairment. However, most available therapies rely on impeding the development of a particular eye disorder. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for effective alternative treatments, specifically regenerative therapies. Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, ectosomes, or microvesicles, are released by cells and play a potential role in regeneration. Following an introduction to EV biogenesis and isolation methods, this integrative review provides an overview of our current knowledge about EVs as a communication paradigm in the eye. Then, we focused on the therapeutic applications of EVs derived from conditioned medium, biological fluid, or tissue and highlighted some recent developments in strategies to boost the innate therapeutic potential of EVs by loading various kinds of drugs or being engineered at the level of producing cells or EVs. Challenges faced in the development of safe and effective translation of EV-based therapy into clinical settings for eye diseases are also discussed to pave the road toward reaching feasible regenerative therapies required for eye-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center (ATMP-TDC), Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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50
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Li Y, Xing L, Wang L, Liu X, Wu L, Ni M, Zhou Z, Li L, Liu X, Huang Y. Milk-Derived Exosomes as a Promising Vehicle for Oral Delivery of Hydrophilic Biomacromolecule Drugs. Asian J Pharm Sci 2023; 18:100797. [PMID: 37035132 PMCID: PMC10073618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, as promising vehicles, have been widely used in the research of oral drug delivery, but the generally low drug loading efficiency of exosomes seriously limits its application and transformation. In this study, we systematically investigated the effects of drug loading methods and physicochemical properties (lipophilicity and molecular weight) on drug loading efficiency of milk-derived exosomes to explore the most appropriate loading conditions. Our finding revealed that the drug loading efficiency of exosomes was closely related to the drug loading method, drug lipophilicity, drug molecular weight and exosome/drug proportions. Of note, we demonstrated the universality that hydrophilic biomacromolecule drugs were the most appropriate loading drugs for milk-derived exosomes, which was attributed to the efficient loading capacity and sustained release behavior. Furthermore, milk-derived exosomes could significantly improve the transepithelial transport and oral bioavailability of model hydrophilic biomacromolecule drugs (octreotide, exendin-4 and salmon calcitonin). Collectively, our results suggested that the encapsulation of hydrophilic biomacromolecule drugs might be the most promising direction for milk exosomes as oral drug delivery vehicles.
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