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Wang L, Chen L, Schlenk D, Li F, Liu J. Parabens promotes invasive properties of multiple human cells: A potential cancer-associated adverse outcome pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:172015. [PMID: 38547973 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Parabens are esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, which have been used as preservatives and considered safe for nearly a century, until the last two decades when concerns began to be raised about their association with cancers. Knowledge of the mode of action of parabens on the metastatic properties of different cancer cells is still very limited. In the present study, we investigated the effects of methylparaben (MP) and propylparaben (PP) on cell invasion and/or migration in multiple human cancerous and noncancerous cells, including hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2), cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa), breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7), and human placental trophoblasts (HTR-8/SVneo). MP and PP at concentrations in a range of 5-500 μg/L significantly promoted the invasion of four cell lines, with a minimum effective concentration of 5 μg/L. MP and PP up-regulated the expression levels and enzymatic activities of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 (MMP2 and MMP9), as well as altered the expression of the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1 and 2 (TIMP1 and TIMP2) in four cell lines, suggesting MMPs/TIMPs as potential key events (KEs) for paraben-induced cell invasion. Activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinases 1/2 (JNK1/2) signaling pathways was required for MP- and PP-promoted invasion of four cell lines, suggesting MAPK signaling pathways as candidates for KEs in cancer or noncancerous cells response to paraben exposure. This study showed for the first time that the two widely used parabens, MP and PP, promoted invasive capacity of multiple human cells through a common mode of action. This study provides evidence for the establishment of a potential cancer-associated AOP for parabens based on pathway-specific mechanism(s), which contributes towards assessing the health risks of these environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linping Wang
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Luyi Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Feixue Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Jing Liu
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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2
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Che WQ, Wang YJ, Yang L, Wang HQ, Wang XY, Lyu J. Single-cell transcriptome analysis upon ECM-remodeling meningioma cells. Neurosurg Rev 2024; 47:118. [PMID: 38491247 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-024-02349-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most common tumours that primarily arise in the central nervous system, but their intratumoural heterogeneity has not yet been thoroughly studied. We aimed to investigate the transcriptome characteristics and biological properties of ECM-remodeling meningioma cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing (ScRNA-seq) data from meningioma samples were acquired and used for analyses. We conducted comprehensive bioinformatics analyses, including screening for differentially expressed genes (DEGs), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analyses, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, and copy number variation (CNV) analysis on single-cell sequencing data from meningiomas. Eighteen cell types, including six meningioma subtypes, were identified in the data. ECM-remodeling meningioma cells (MGCs) were mainly distributed in brain-tumour interface tissues. KEGG and GO enrichment analyses revealed that 908 DEGs were mainly related to cell adhesion, extracellular matrix organization, and ECM-receptor interaction. GSEA analysis demonstrated that homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules was significantly enriched (NES = 2.375, P < 0.001). CNV analysis suggested that ECM-remodeling MGCs showed considerably lower average CNV scores. ECM-remodeling MGCs predominantly localized at the brain-tumour interface area and adhere stably to the basement membrane with a lower degree of malignancy. This study provides novel insights into the malignancy of meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qiang Che
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Jiao Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Hong-Qin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xiang-Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jun Lyu
- Department of Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Almatroodi SA, Almatroudi A, Alharbi HOA, Khan AA, Rahmani AH. Effects and Mechanisms of Luteolin, a Plant-Based Flavonoid, in the Prevention of Cancers via Modulation of Inflammation and Cell Signaling Molecules. Molecules 2024; 29:1093. [PMID: 38474604 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Luteolin, a flavonoid, is mainly found in various vegetables and fruits, including carrots, cabbages, onions, parsley, apples, broccoli, and peppers. Extensive research in vivo and in vitro has been performed to explore its role in disease prevention and treatment. Moreover, this compound possesses the ability to combat cancer by modulating cell-signaling pathways across various types of cancer. The studies have confirmed that luteolin can inhibit cancer-cell survival and proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, mTOR/PI3K/Akt, STAT3, Wnt/β-catenin, and cell-cycle arrest, and induce apoptosis. Further, scientific evidence describes that this compound plays a vital role in the up/down-regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer therapy. This review aims to outline the anti-cancer mechanisms of this compound and its molecular targets. However, a knowledge gap remains regarding the studies on its safety and efficacy and clinical trials. Therefore, it is essential to conduct more research based on safety, efficacy, and clinical trials to explore the beneficial role of this compound in disease management, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh A Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajed Obaid A Alharbi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Duranti E, Cordani N, Villa C. Edaravone: A Novel Possible Drug for Cancer Treatment? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1633. [PMID: 38338912 PMCID: PMC10855093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advancements in understanding the causes and progression of tumors, cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In light of advances in cancer therapy, there has been a growing interest in drug repurposing, which involves exploring new uses for medications that are already approved for clinical use. One such medication is edaravone, which is currently used to manage patients with cerebral infarction and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, edaravone has also been investigated for its potential activities in treating cancer, notably as an anti-proliferative and cytoprotective drug against side effects induced by traditional cancer therapies. This comprehensive review aims to provide updates on the various applications of edaravone in cancer therapy. It explores its potential as a standalone antitumor drug, either used alone or in combination with other medications, as well as its role as an adjuvant to mitigate the side effects of conventional anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.D.); (N.C.)
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Sakamoto Y, Ochiya T, Yoshioka Y. Extracellular vesicles in the breast cancer brain metastasis: physiological functions and clinical applications. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1278501. [PMID: 38111675 PMCID: PMC10725966 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1278501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, which exhibits an increasing incidence and high mortality rate among cancers, is predominantly attributed to metastatic malignancies. Brain metastasis, in particular, significantly contributes to the elevated mortality in breast cancer patients. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small lipid bilayer vesicles secreted by various cells that contain biomolecules such as nucleic acids and proteins. They deliver these bioactive molecules to recipient cells, thereby regulating signal transduction and protein expression levels. The relationship between breast cancer metastasis and EVs has been extensively investigated. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms by which EVs promote brain metastasis in breast cancer. Additionally, we discuss the potential of EV-associated molecules as therapeutic targets and their relevance as early diagnostic markers for breast cancer brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yusuke Yoshioka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Pang C, Xu Z, Han J, Li F, Zhu H, Zhang J, Wang D, Xu X. Identification of a TRP channel-related risk model for predicting prognosis and therapeutic effects of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:16811-16825. [PMID: 37733242 PMCID: PMC10645640 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE TRP channels have been implicated in cancer progression. Our study seeks to establish a prognostic model for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by utilizing genes related to TRP channels. METHODS We used the TCGA and ICGC databases as training and validation cohorts, respectively. We calculated the risk scores using Lasso-Cox regression analysis based on the expression levels of prognostic genes and performed survival analysis to compare overall survival between high- and low-risk groups. Then we compared the clinicopathologic characteristics and conducted biological functional analysis. We also explored immune cell infiltration and compared the drug sensitivity. RESULTS Using bioinformatics algorithms, we identified 11 TRP-related genes and calculated the risk scores. Patients in the high-risk group demonstrated worse overall survival, as well as more advanced T stage and pathologic stage. The risk score showed a significant association with the cell cycle. The high-risk group had more ICI and RTK targets with elevated expression and showed better therapeutic effect to chemotherapy including 5-fluorouracil, camptothecin, docetaxel, doxorubicin, gemcitabine, and paclitaxel. Overall, an individualized nomogram was constructed by integrating the risk score and requisite clinicopathologic parameters to predict the overall survival of HCC patients. CONCLUSIONS We successfully established a highly accurate prognostic model for predicting overall survival and therapeutic effects using TRP channel-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Pang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, People's Republic of China
| | - Jilong Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, People's Republic of China
| | - Fujun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, People's Republic of China
| | - Xundi Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, People's Republic of China.
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López-Plaza B, Gil Á, Menéndez-Rey A, Bensadon-Naeder L, Hummel T, Feliú-Batlle J, Palma-Milla S. Effect of Regular Consumption of a Miraculin-Based Food Supplement on Taste Perception and Nutritional Status in Malnourished Cancer Patients: A Triple-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial-CLINMIR Pilot Protocol. Nutrients 2023; 15:4639. [PMID: 37960292 PMCID: PMC10648678 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Taste disorders are common among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, with a prevalence ranging from 20% to 86%, persisting throughout treatment. This condition leads to reduced food consumption, increasing the risk of malnutrition. Malnutrition is associated not only with worse treatment efficacy and poor disease prognosis but also with reduced functional status and quality of life. The fruit of Synsepalum dulcificum (Daniell), commonly known as miracle berry or miracle fruit, contains miraculin, a taste-modifying protein with profound effects on taste perception. The CLINMIR Protocol is a triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial designed to evaluate the regular consumption of a food supplement containing a miraculin-based novel food, dried miracle berry (DMB), on the taste perception (measured through electrogustometry) and nutritional status (evaluated through the GLIM Criteria) of malnourished cancer patients under active antineoplastic treatment. To this end, a pilot study was designed with 30 randomized patients divided into three study arms (150 mg DMB + 150 mg freeze-dried strawberries, 300 mg DMB, or placebo) for three months. Throughout the five main visits, an exhaustive assessment of different parameters susceptible to improvement through regular consumption of the miraculin-based food supplement will be conducted, including electrical and chemical taste perception, smell perception, nutritional and morphofunctional assessment, diet, quality of life, the fatty acid profile of erythrocytes, levels of inflammatory and cancer-associated cytokines, oxidative stress, antioxidant defense system, plasma metabolomics, and saliva and stool microbiota. The primary anticipated result is that malnourished cancer patients with taste distortion who consume the miraculin-based food supplement will report an improvement in food taste perception. This improvement translates into increased food intake, thereby ameliorating their nutritional status and mitigating associated risks. Additionally, the study aims to pinpoint the optimal dosage that provides maximal benefits. The protocol adheres to the SPIRIT 2013 Statement, which provides evidence-based recommendations and is widely endorsed as an international standard for trial protocols. The clinical trial protocol has been registered at the platform for Clinical Trials (NCT05486260).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bricia López-Plaza
- Nutrition Research Group, La Paz University Hospital Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain;
- Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Centre of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Jaime Feliú-Batlle
- Oncology Department, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research—IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- CIBERONC (CIBER Cancer), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Samara Palma-Milla
- Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Nutrition Department, Hospital University La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Sun B, Ding B, Chen Y, Peng C, Chen X. AFAP1L1 promotes gastric cancer progression by interacting with VAV2 to facilitate CDC42-mediated activation of ITGA5 signaling pathway. J Transl Med 2023; 21:18. [PMID: 36631800 PMCID: PMC9835296 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03871-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The actin filament-associated protein (AFAP) family genes include AFAP1/AFAP-110, AFAP1L1 and AFAP1L2/XB130. Increasing evidence indicates these three AFAP family members participate in tumor progression, but their clinical significance and molecular mechanisms in gastric cancer (GC) remain unclear. METHODS We first analyzed expression of AFAP family genes using public datasets and verified the results. The clinical significance of AFAP family genes in GC patients was also analyzed. In vitro and in vivo experiments were applied to explore the function of AFAP1L1. Enrichment analysis was used to explore potential molecular mechanisms. We then performed additional experiments, such as cell adhesion assay, co-immunoprecipitation and so on to confirm the downstream molecular mechanisms of AFAP1L1. RESULTS Public data analyses and our verification both showed AFAP1L1 was the only AFAP family members that was significantly upregulated in GC compared with normal gastric tissues. Besides, only AFAP1L1 could predict poor prognosis and act as an independent risk factor for GC patients. In addition, AFAP1L1 promotes GC cells proliferation, migration, invasion in vitro and tumor growth, metastasis in vivo by inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In terms of mechanism, AFAP1L1 interacts with VAV guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 (VAV2) to activate Rho family GTPases CDC42, which finally promotes expression of integrin subunit alpha 5 (ITGA5) and activation of integrin signaling pathway. CONCLUSION AFAP1L1 promotes GC progression by inducing EMT through VAV2-mediated activation of CDC42 and ITGA5 signaling pathway, indicating AFAP1L1 may be a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- grid.477407.70000 0004 1806 9292Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No. 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410005 Hunan China
| | - Bai Ding
- grid.477407.70000 0004 1806 9292Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No. 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410005 Hunan China
| | - Yu Chen
- grid.477407.70000 0004 1806 9292Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No. 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410005 Hunan China
| | - Chuang Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No. 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China.
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No. 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China.
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Tuli HS, Kaur J, Vashishth K, Sak K, Sharma U, Choudhary R, Behl T, Singh T, Sharma S, Saini AK, Dhama K, Varol M, Sethi G. Molecular mechanisms behind ROS regulation in cancer: A balancing act between augmented tumorigenesis and cell apoptosis. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:103-120. [PMID: 36443493 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03421-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ROS include hydroxyl radicals (HO.), superoxide (O2..), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). ROS are typically produced under physiological conditions and play crucial roles in living organisms. It is known that ROS, which are created spontaneously by cells through aerobic metabolism in mitochondria, can have either a beneficial or detrimental influence on biological systems. Moderate levels of ROS can cause oxidative damage to proteins, DNA and lipids, which can aid in the pathogenesis of many disorders, including cancer. However, excessive concentrations of ROS can initiate programmed cell death in cancer. Presently, a variety of chemotherapeutic drugs and herbal agents are being investigated to induce ROS-mediated cell death in cancer. Therefore, preserving ROS homeostasis is essential for ensuring normal cell development and survival. On account of a significant association of ROS levels at various concentrations with carcinogenesis in a number of malignancies, further studies are needed to determine the underlying molecular mechanisms and develop the possibilities for intervening in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Jagjit Kaur
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Kanupriya Vashishth
- Advance Cardiac Centre Department of Cardiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | | | - Ujjawal Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India.,Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Renuka Choudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences & Technology (SoHST), University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Tejveer Singh
- Translanatal Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, Delhi University, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Sheetu Sharma
- Department of Pharmacovigilace and Clinical Research, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, India
| | - Adesh K Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mehmet Varol
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, 48000, Turkey
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
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Johnson MD. Metastases to Meningiomas: A Comprehensive Literature Review Including Mediating Proteins. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235877. [PMID: 36497364 PMCID: PMC9738472 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 5-15% of solid tumors metastasizing to the central nervous system metastasize to the leptomeninges. Less common, is metastasis to leptomeningeal meningiomas. These are primarily carcinomas of the breast and lung. Awareness of this phenomenon is critical to the evaluation of meningiomas, especially since the metastases may be the first indication of an occult tumor elsewhere in the body. Lack of clear demarcation between the metastasis and meningioma parenchyma, as well as histological features similar to the meningioma, may hinder recognition. The mechanisms underlying metastases anchoring and spread along the leptomeninges are not established. However, several cell adhesion molecules are thought to contribute to this phenomenon. E cadherin is a cell adhesion molecule present in meningioma cells. Binding to endothelium by adhesion molecules such as ICAM, B1 integrin, P-selectin, PECAM-1, CXCL12 and SDF-1 have also been proposed as part of the mechanisms underlying breast carcinoma metastases. In addition, the leptomeninges and meningiomas express mesothelin that acts as an anchoring protein coupling with mucin-16. Consequently, metastatic tumor cell mucin and mesothelin may also facilitate the anchoring of metastases to meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahlon D Johnson
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave. Box 626, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
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11
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Piet M, Paduch R. Ursolic and oleanolic acids in combination therapy inhibit migration of colon cancer cells through down-regulation of the uPA/uPAR-dependent MMPs pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110202. [PMID: 36191607 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is one the most lethal cancers worldwide. Since chemotherapy is burdened with harmful effects, agents capable of enhancing the chemotherapeutic effect are being sought. Ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA) were analyzed for such properties. The aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of UA and OA administered individually and in combination with each other and/or a cytostatic drug camptothecin-11 (CPT-11) to limit the viability and migration of colorectal cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytotoxic effect of UA, OA and CPT-11 and impact on normal and cancer cell migration rate were assessed. Furthermore, the effect on factors crucial in cancer metastasis: MMP-2 and -9, uPA/uPAR, and E-cadherin were assessed with ELISA, Western Blotting and immunofluorescence assays. Statistical analysis was performed with One-Way Anova with Dunnett's test. RESULTS The studied compounds exhibited the most favorable properties, i.e. they reduced the viability and migration of cancer cells. Furthermore, the secretion, activity, and cellular level of cancer MMP-2 and -9 were decreased, as a result of uPA/uPAR down-regulation. The agents also increased the level of cellular E-cadherin. The effect of the studied agents on normal cells was milder. CONCLUSIONS The compounds exhibited stronger activity when administered in combination and, combined with CPT-11, enhanced anti-tumorigenic activity of the drug. The migration-limiting activity was based on down-regulation of the uPA/uPAR-dependent MMP pathway. Moreover, UA and OA exhibited a protective effect towards normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Piet
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Roman Paduch
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland; Department of General Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, ul Chmielna 1, 20-079, Lublin, Poland.
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12
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Huang Y, Hong W, Wei X. The molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of EMT in tumor progression and metastasis. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:129. [PMID: 36076302 PMCID: PMC9461252 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 149.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential process in normal embryonic development and tissue regeneration. However, aberrant reactivation of EMT is associated with malignant properties of tumor cells during cancer progression and metastasis, including promoted migration and invasiveness, increased tumor stemness, and enhanced resistance to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. EMT is tightly regulated by a complex network which is orchestrated with several intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including multiple transcription factors, post-translational control, epigenetic modifications, and noncoding RNA-mediated regulation. In this review, we described the molecular mechanisms, signaling pathways, and the stages of tumorigenesis involved in the EMT process and discussed the dynamic non-binary process of EMT and its role in tumor metastasis. Finally, we summarized the challenges of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in EMT and proposed strategies for tumor therapy targeting EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Huang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiqi Hong
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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13
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Liu C, Wang J, Zheng Y, Zhu Y, Zhou Z, Liu Z, Lin C, Wan Y, Wen Y, Liu C, Yuan M, Zeng YA, Yan Z, Ge G, Chen J. Autocrine pro-legumain promotes breast cancer metastasis via binding to integrin αvβ3. Oncogene 2022; 41:4091-4103. [PMID: 35854065 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality. Unfortunately, the underlying mechanism of metastasis is poorly understood. Expression of legumain (LGMN), an endo-lysosomal cysteine protease, positively correlates with breast cancer metastatic progression and poor prognosis. Here, we report that LGMN is secreted in the zymogen form by motile breast cancer cells. Through binding to cell surface integrin αvβ3 via an RGD motif, the autocrine pro-LGMN activates FAK-Src-RhoA signaling in cancer cells and promotes cancer cell migration and invasion independent of LGMN protease activity. Either silencing LGMN expression or mutationally abolishing pro-LGMN‒αvβ3 interaction significantly inhibits cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro and breast cancer metastasis in vivo. Finally, we developed a monoclonal antibody against LGMN RGD motif, which blocks pro-LGMN‒αvβ3 binding, and effectively suppresses cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro and breast cancer metastasis in vivo. Thus, disruption of pro-LGMN‒integrin αvβ3 interaction may be a potentially promising strategy for treating breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - JunLei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - YaJuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - ZhengHang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - ZhaoYuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - ChangDong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - YaoYing Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - YaTing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - ChunYe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - MengYa Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yi Arial Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - ZhanJun Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - GaoXiang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
| | - JianFeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
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14
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Peng M, Sun R, Hong Y, Wang J, Xie Y, Zhang X, Li J, Guo H, Xu P, Li Y, Wang X, Wan T, Zhao Y, Huang F, Wang Y, Ye R, Liu Q, Liu G, Liu X, Xu G. Extracellular vesicles carrying proinflammatory factors may spread atherosclerosis to remote locations. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:430. [PMID: 35851433 PMCID: PMC11071964 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04464-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Most cells involved in atherosclerosis release extracellular vesicles (EVs), which can carry bioactive substances to downstream tissues via circulation. We hypothesized that EVs derived from atherosclerotic plaques could promote atherogenesis in remote locations, a mechanism that mimics the blood metastasis of cancer. Ldlr gene knockout (Ldlr KO) rats were fed on a high cholesterol diet and underwent partial carotid ligation to induce local atherosclerosis. EVs were separated from carotid artery tissues and downstream blood of carotid ligation by centrifugation. MiRNA sequencing and qPCR were then performed to detect miRNA differences in EVs from rats with and without induced carotid atherosclerosis. Biochemical analyses demonstrated that EVs derived from atherosclerosis could increase the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin in endothelial cells in vitro. EVs derived from atherosclerosis contained a higher level of miR-23a-3p than those derived from controls. MiR-23a-3p could promote endothelial inflammation by targeting Dusp5 and maintaining ERK1/2 phosphorylation in vitro. Inhibiting EV release could attenuate atherogenesis and reduce macrophage infiltration in vivo. Intravenously administrating atherosclerotic plaque-derived EVs could induce intimal inflammation, arterial wall thickening and lumen narrowing in the carotids of Ldlr KO rats, while simultaneous injection of miR-23a-3p antagomir could reverse this reaction. The results suggested that EVs may transfer atherosclerosis to remote locations by carrying proinflammatory factors, particularly miR-23a-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Peng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ye Hong
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juanji Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongquan Guo
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, the First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Stroke Center & Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yunzi Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoke Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Wan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feihong Huang
- Department of Neurology, Guilin People's Hospital, Guilin, 541002, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ruidong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - George Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, the First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Stroke Center & Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
| | - Gelin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.
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15
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Hatami E, B Nagesh PK, Sikander M, Dhasmana A, Chauhan SC, Jaggi M, Yallapu MM. Tannic Acid Exhibits Antiangiogenesis Activity in Nonsmall-Cell Lung Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:23939-23949. [PMID: 35847334 PMCID: PMC9281317 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer, with a dismal prognosis. NSCLC is a highly vascularized tumor, and chemotherapy is often hampered by the development of angiogenesis. Therefore, suppression of angiogenesis is considered a potential treatment approach. Tannic acid (TA), a natural polyphenol, has been demonstrated to have anticancer properties in a variety of cancers; however, its angiogenic properties have yet to be studied. Hence, in the current study, we investigated the antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects of TA on NSCLC cells. The (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) (MTS) assay revealed that TA induced a dose- and time-dependent decrease in the proliferation of A549 and H1299 cells. However, TA had no significant toxicity effects on human bronchial epithelial cells. Clonogenicity assay revealed that TA suppressed colony formation ability in NSCLC cells in a dose-dependent manner. The anti-invasiveness and antimigratory potential of TA were confirmed by Matrigel and Boyden chamber studies, respectively. Importantly, TA also decreased the ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) to form tube-like networks, demonstrating its antiangiogenic properties. Extracellular vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release was reduced in TA-treated cells compared to that in control cells, as measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Overall, these results demonstrate that TA can induce antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects against NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Hatami
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Prashanth K. B Nagesh
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
- Laboratory
of Signal Transduction, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department
of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
| | - Mohammed Sikander
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
- Department
of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- South
Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
| | - Anupam Dhasmana
- Department
of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- South
Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
| | - Subhash C. Chauhan
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
- Department
of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- South
Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
- Department
of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- South
Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
| | - Murali M. Yallapu
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
- Department
of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- South
Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- . Tel: 956-296-1734
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16
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Paddillaya N, Ingale K, Gaikwad C, Saini DK, Pullarkat P, Kondaiah P, Menon GI, Gundiah N. Cell adhesion strength and tractions are mechano-diagnostic features of cellular invasiveness. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:4378-4388. [PMID: 35611829 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00015f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The adhesion of cells to substrates occurs via integrin clustering and binding to the actin cytoskeleton. Oncogenes modify anchorage-dependent mechanisms in cells during cancer progression. Fluid shear devices provide a label-free way to characterize cell-substrate interactions and heterogeneities in cell populations. We quantified the critical adhesion strengths of MCF-7, MDAMB-231, A549, HPL1D, HeLa, and NIH3T3 cells using a custom fluid shear device. The detachment response was sigmoidal for each cell type. A549 and MDAMB-231 cells had significantly lower critical adhesion strengths (τ50) than their non-invasive counterparts, HPL1D and MCF-7. Detachment dynamics inversely correlated with cell invasion potentials. A theoretical model, based on τ50 values and the distribution of cell areas on substrates, provided good fits to results from de-adhesion experiments. Quantification of cell tractions, using the Reg-FTTC method on 10 kPa polyacrylamide gels, showed highest values for invasive, MDAMB-231 and A549, cells compared to non-invasive cells. Immunofluorescence studies show differences in vinculin distributions; non-invasive cells have distinct vinculin puncta, whereas invasive cells have more dispersed distributions. The cytoskeleton in non-invasive cells was devoid of well-developed stress fibers, and had thicker cortical actin bundles in the boundary. Fluorescence intensity of actin was significantly lower in invasive cells as compared to non invasive cells. These correlations in adhesion strengths and traction stresses with cell invasiveness may be useful in cancer diagnostics and other pathologies featuring mis-regulation in adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Paddillaya
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Kalyani Ingale
- Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
| | - Chaitanya Gaikwad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Saini
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Pramod Pullarkat
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Gautam I Menon
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai, India
- Departments of Physics and Biology, Ashoka University, Sonepat, India
| | - Namrata Gundiah
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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17
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Tune BXJ, Sim MS, Poh CL, Guad RM, Woon CK, Hazarika I, Das A, Gopinath SCB, Rajan M, Sekar M, Subramaniyan V, Fuloria NK, Fuloria S, Batumalaie K, Wu YS. Matrix Metalloproteinases in Chemoresistance: Regulatory Roles, Molecular Interactions, and Potential Inhibitors. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:3249766. [PMID: 35586209 PMCID: PMC9110224 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3249766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide. Its treatments usually fail when the tumor has become malignant and metastasized. Metastasis is a key source of cancer recurrence, which often leads to resistance towards chemotherapeutic agents. Hence, most cancer-related deaths are linked to the occurrence of chemoresistance. Although chemoresistance can emerge through a multitude of mechanisms, chemoresistance and metastasis share a similar pathway, which is an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a class of zinc and calcium-chelated enzymes, are found to be key players in driving cancer migration and metastasis through EMT induction. The aim of this review is to discuss the regulatory roles and associated molecular mechanisms of specific MMPs in regulating chemoresistance, particularly EMT initiation and resistance to apoptosis. A brief presentation on their potential diagnostic and prognostic values was also deciphered. It also aimed to describe existing MMP inhibitors and the potential of utilizing other strategies to inhibit MMPs to reduce chemoresistance, such as upstream inhibition of MMP expressions and MMP-responsive nanomaterials to deliver drugs as well as epigenetic regulations. Hence, manipulation of MMP expression can be a powerful tool to aid in treating patients with chemo-resistant cancers. However, much still needs to be done to bring the solution from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Xin Jie Tune
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Maw Shin Sim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Rhanye Mac Guad
- Department of Biomedical Science and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, 88400 Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Choy Ker Woon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, 47000 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Iswar Hazarika
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Guwahati 781017, India
| | - Anju Das
- Department of Pharmacology, Royal School of Pharmacy, Royal Global University, Guwahati 781035, India
| | - Subash C. B. Gopinath
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Mariappan Rajan
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, India
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh 30450, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Selangor 42610, Malaysia
| | | | - Shivkanya Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong, Kedah 08100, Malaysia
| | - Kalaivani Batumalaie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Asia Metropolitan University, 81750 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Yuan Seng Wu
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
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18
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Huang CC, Su CW, Wang PH, Lu YT, Ho YT, Yang SF, Hsin CH, Lin CW. Dihydromyricetin inhibits cancer cell migration and matrix metalloproteinases-2 expression in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma through extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1244-1253. [PMID: 35112788 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is endemic in Southeast Asia and the main cause of treatment failure is metastasis. A lot of biological and pharmacological actions of dihydromyricetin (DHM) have been reported such as regulating glucose and anti-cancer effects. The effects of DHM on the cancer invasion and migration of NPC, however, are still unclear. We therefore investigated the in vitro anti-metastatic properties of DHM on three human NPC cell lines (HONE-1, NPC-39, and NPC-BM), as well as the underlying signaling pathways. Our study revealed that DHM could suppress the migration and invasion in NPC cells. Gelatin zymography assay and western blotting assays demonstrated that DHM suppressed the enzyme activity and protein expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2). Mitogen-activated protein kinases were also investigated to elucidate the signaling pathway, which showed that phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) was inhibited after the treatment of DHM. In conclusion, our data revealed that DHM inhibited the migration and invasion of NPC cells by suppressing the expression of MMP-2 via down regulating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chen Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wen Su
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hui Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ting Lu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, St. Martin De Porres Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Ho
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Han Hsin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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19
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Singh R, Manna PP. Reactive oxygen species in cancer progression and its role in therapeutics. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2022.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The redox status in pathogenesis is critically regulated by careful balance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their elimination. Increased ROS level above the cellular tolerability threshold results in apoptotic or necrotic cell death. ROS belongs to a group of highly reactive compounds that have evolved to play key roles in cellular signaling pathways. It’s widely assumed that a reasonable amount of ROS is essential for a variety of biological processes. Elevated levels of ROS are known to cause various pathologic conditions like neurological disorders, cardiovascular conditions, inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer. ROS is well known to initiate and assist in progression of tumor by promoting proliferation and survival of cancer cells and thus facilitates pro-tumorigenic signaling in tumor microenvironment. As cancer cells become more resilient to the effects of ROS manipulating drugs, increased antioxidant capacity attenuates their susceptibility to cancer treatment. Excessive environmental stress, on the other hand, can cause cancer cells to die. This review summarizes various molecular mechanisms including the role of checkpoint inhibitors that can be harnessed to develop effective therapeutic strategies for targeting ROS
related signaling in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet Singh
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Partha Pratim Manna
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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20
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Del Bufalo D, Di Martile M, Valentini E, Manni I, Masi I, D'Amore A, Filippini A, Nicoletti C, Zaccarini M, Cota C, Castro MV, Quezada MJ, Rosanò L, Lopez-Bergami P, D'Aguanno S. Bcl-2-like protein-10 increases aggressive features of melanoma cells. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:11-26. [PMID: 36046354 PMCID: PMC9400776 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-like protein-10 (Bcl2L10) is the less studied
member of Bcl-2 family proteins, with the controversial role in different
cancer histotypes. Very recently, Bcl2L10 expression in melanoma tumor
specimens and its role in melanoma response to therapy have been
demonstrated. Here, the involvement of Bcl2L10 on the in
vitro and in vivo properties associated with
melanoma aggressive features has been investigated. Methods: Endogenous Bcl2L10 protein expression was detected by western blotting
analysis in a panel of patient-derived and commercially available human
melanoma cells. In vitro assays to evaluate clonogenicity,
cell proliferation, cell migration, cell invasion, and in
vitro capillary-like structure formation [vasculogenic
mimicry (VM)] have been performed by using human melanoma cells
stably overexpressing Bcl2L10 or transiently transfected for loss/gain
function of Bcl2L10, grown under two- or three-dimensional (3D) conditions
Xenograft melanoma model was employed to evaluate in vivo
tumor growth and angiogenesis. Results: Results demonstrated that Bcl2L10 acts as an inducer of in
vitro cell migration, invasion, and VM, while in
vitro cell proliferation, in vivo tumor
growth, as well as colony formation properties were not affected. Dissecting
different signaling pathways, it was found that Bcl2L10 positively affects
the phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and the
expression of markers of cell invasion, such as urokinase plasminogen
activator receptor (uPAR) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Of note,
Bcl2L10-dependent in vitro migration, invasion, and VM are
linked to uPAR. Bcl2L10 also negatively regulates the intracellular calcium
level. Finally, reduced invasion capability in 3D spheroid invasion assay of
melanoma cells transiently overexpressing Bcl2L10 was observed after
treatment with inhibitors of MMPs and uPAR. Conclusions: Overall, data reported in this paper provide evidence supporting a positive
role of Bcl2L10 in melanoma aggressive features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Di Martile
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Valentini
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Manni
- SAFU Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Masi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella D'Amore
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Filippini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Nicoletti
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Zaccarini
- Genetic Research, Dermatological Molecular Biology and Dermatopathology Unit, IRCCS San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Cota
- Genetic Research, Dermatological Molecular Biology and Dermatopathology Unit, IRCCS San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Victoria Castro
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo, Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires C1405BCK, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires C1405BCK, Argentina
| | - María Josefina Quezada
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo, Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires C1405BCK, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires C1405BCK, Argentina
| | - Laura Rosanò
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Pablo Lopez-Bergami
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo, Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires C1405BCK, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires C1405BCK, Argentina
| | - Simona D'Aguanno
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
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21
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Leite NG, Vargas THM, Ferro DG, Sobral RA, Venturini MAFA, Corrêa HL, Strefezzi RDF. Prognostic Value of Intratumoral Collagen Quantification in Canine Oral Melanomas. J Vet Dent 2022; 38:188-192. [PMID: 34986053 DOI: 10.1177/08987564211066638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The majority of the melanocytic neoplasms are considered malignant and highly metastatic. However, a subset of the melanocytic tumors has a more favorable prognosis and the identification of precise prognostic markers for this neoplasm may be useful to guide treatment. The collagen architecture and density have been shown to correlate with tumor progression in human breast cancer and canine mast cell tumors. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prognostic value of the intratumoral collagen index (ICI) as an indicator of postsurgical survival and its relation with other prognostic markers for canine oral melanomas (OMs). Twenty-two cases were tested for intratumoral collagen density using Masson's trichrome stain and morphometry. No differences were found between dogs regarding survival. The ICI was not correlated with proliferative activity or nuclear atypia. The results presented herein indicate that the quantity of intratumoral collagen in canine OMs is not an efficient indicator of postsurgical survival. Complementary studies about the expression and activity of enzymes that are capable of degrading extracellular matrix (ECM) components are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Goulart Leite
- Laboratório de Oncologia Comparada e Translacional, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos da USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Henrique Moroni Vargas
- Laboratório de Oncologia Comparada e Translacional, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos da USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ricardo De Francisco Strefezzi
- Laboratório de Oncologia Comparada e Translacional, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos da USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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22
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OUP accepted manuscript. Glycobiology 2022; 32:556-579. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwac014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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23
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Yates AG, Pink RC, Erdbrügger U, Siljander PR, Dellar ER, Pantazi P, Akbar N, Cooke WR, Vatish M, Dias‐Neto E, Anthony DC, Couch Y. In sickness and in health: The functional role of extracellular vesicles in physiology and pathology in vivo: Part II: Pathology: Part II: Pathology. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12190. [PMID: 35041301 PMCID: PMC8765328 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is clear from Part I of this series that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a critical role in maintaining the homeostasis of most, if not all, normal physiological systems. However, the majority of our knowledge about EV signalling has come from studying them in disease. Indeed, EVs have consistently been associated with propagating disease pathophysiology. The analysis of EVs in biofluids, obtained in the clinic, has been an essential of the work to improve our understanding of their role in disease. However, to interfere with EV signalling for therapeutic gain, a more fundamental understanding of the mechanisms by which they contribute to pathogenic processes is required. Only by discovering how the EV populations in different biofluids change-size, number, and physicochemical composition-in clinical samples, may we then begin to unravel their functional roles in translational models in vitro and in vivo, which can then feedback to the clinic. In Part II of this review series, the functional role of EVs in pathology and disease will be discussed, with a focus on in vivo evidence and their potential to be used as both biomarkers and points of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abi G. Yates
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- School of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandSt LuciaAustralia
| | - Ryan C. Pink
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesFaculty of Health and Life SciencesOxford Brookes UniversityOxfordUK
| | - Uta Erdbrügger
- Department of Medicine, Division of NephrologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Pia R‐M. Siljander
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research ProgrammeFaculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Elizabeth R. Dellar
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesFaculty of Health and Life SciencesOxford Brookes UniversityOxfordUK
| | - Paschalia Pantazi
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesFaculty of Health and Life SciencesOxford Brookes UniversityOxfordUK
| | - Naveed Akbar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - William R. Cooke
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive HealthJohn Radcliffe Hospital, HeadingtonOxfordUK
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive HealthJohn Radcliffe Hospital, HeadingtonOxfordUK
| | - Emmanuel Dias‐Neto
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics. A.C. Camargo Cancer CentreSão PauloBrazil
- Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM‐27) Institute of PsychiatrySão Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloBrazil
| | | | - Yvonne Couch
- Acute Stroke Programme ‐ Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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24
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Cocola C, Magnaghi V, Abeni E, Pelucchi P, Martino V, Vilardo L, Piscitelli E, Consiglio A, Grillo G, Mosca E, Gualtierotti R, Mazzaccaro D, La Sala G, Di Pietro C, Palizban M, Liuni S, DePedro G, Morara S, Nano G, Kehler J, Greve B, Noghero A, Marazziti D, Bussolino F, Bellipanni G, D'Agnano I, Götte M, Zucchi I, Reinbold R. Transmembrane Protein TMEM230, a Target of Glioblastoma Therapy. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:703431. [PMID: 34867197 PMCID: PMC8636015 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.703431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most aggressive tumors originating in the brain. Histopathologic features include circuitous, disorganized, and highly permeable blood vessels with intermittent blood flow. These features contribute to the inability to direct therapeutic agents to tumor cells. Known targets for anti-angiogenic therapies provide minimal or no effect in overall survival of 12–15 months following diagnosis. Identification of novel targets therefore remains an important goal for effective treatment of highly vascularized tumors such as GBM. We previously demonstrated in zebrafish that a balanced level of expression of the transmembrane protein TMEM230/C20ORF30 was required to maintain normal blood vessel structural integrity and promote proper vessel network formation. To investigate whether TMEM230 has a role in the pathogenesis of GBM, we analyzed its prognostic value in patient tumor gene expression datasets and performed cell functional analysis. TMEM230 was found necessary for growth of U87-MG cells, a model of human GBM. Downregulation of TMEM230 resulted in loss of U87 migration, substratum adhesion, and re-passaging capacity. Conditioned media from U87 expressing endogenous TMEM230 induced sprouting and tubule-like structure formation of HUVECs. Moreover, TMEM230 promoted vascular mimicry-like behavior of U87 cells. Gene expression analysis of 702 patients identified that TMEM230 expression levels distinguished high from low grade gliomas. Transcriptomic analysis of patients with gliomas revealed molecular pathways consistent with properties observed in U87 cell assays. Within low grade gliomas, elevated TMEM230 expression levels correlated with reduced overall survival independent from tumor subtype. Highest level of TMEM230 correlated with glioblastoma and ATP-dependent microtubule kinesin motor activity, providing a direction for future therapeutic intervention. Our studies support that TMEM230 has both glial tumor and endothelial cell intracellular and extracellular functions. Elevated levels of TMEM230 promote glial tumor cell migration, extracellular scaffold remodeling, and hypervascularization and abnormal formation of blood vessels. Downregulation of TMEM230 expression may inhibit both low grade glioma and glioblastoma tumor progression and promote normalization of abnormally formed blood vessels. TMEM230 therefore is both a promising anticancer and antiangiogenic therapeutic target for inhibiting GBM tumor cells and tumor-driven angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Cocola
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy.,Consorzio Italbiotec, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Magnaghi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Abeni
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Paride Pelucchi
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Martino
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Vilardo
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Piscitelli
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Consiglio
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Grillo
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Ettore Mosca
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Gualtierotti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Mazzaccaro
- Operative Unit of Vascular Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Gina La Sala
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Pietro
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Mira Palizban
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sabino Liuni
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina DePedro
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Nano
- Operative Unit of Vascular Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - James Kehler
- National Institutes of Health, NIDDK, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Burkhard Greve
- Department of Radiation Therapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alessio Noghero
- Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Daniela Marazziti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy.,Laboratory of Vascular Oncology Candiolo Cancer Institute - IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Bellipanni
- Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Igea D'Agnano
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ileana Zucchi
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Rolland Reinbold
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
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25
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Wan Y, Qu N, Yang Y, Ma J, Li Z, Zhang Z. Identification of a 3-gene signature based on differentially expressed invasion genes related to cancer molecular subtypes to predict the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients. Bioengineered 2021; 12:5916-5931. [PMID: 34488541 PMCID: PMC8806416 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1971919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasion is a critical pathway leading to tumor metastasis. This study constructed an invasion-related polygenic signature to predict osteosarcoma prognosis. We initially determined two molecular subtypes of osteosarcoma, Cluster1 (C1) and Cluster2 (C2).. A 3 invasive-gene signature was established by univariate Cox analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two subtypes, and was validated in internal and two external data sets (GSE21257 and GSE39058). Patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups by their signature, and the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients in the high-risk group was poor. Based on the time-independent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the area under the curve (AUC) for 1-year and 2-year OS were higher than 0.75 in internal and external cohorts. This signature also showed a high accuracy and independence in predicting osteosarcoma prognosis and a higher AUC in predicting 1-year osteosarcoma survival than other four existing models. In a word, a 3 invasive gene-based signature was developed, showing a high performance in predicting osteosarcoma prognosis. This signature could facilitate clinical prognostic analysis of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wan
- Oncology Department, Jinzhou Central Hospital, Jin Zhou, Liao Ning, China
| | - Ning Qu
- Paediatrics, Jinzhou Central Hospital, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Neurosurgery, Jinzhou Central Hospital, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Nursing Department, Jinzhou Central Hospital, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Hematology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Orthopedics Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
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26
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Beneficial Oxidative Stress-Related trans-Resveratrol Effects in the Treatment and Prevention of Breast Cancer. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112211041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol is one of the most investigated polyphenols for its multiple biological activities and many beneficial effects. These are mainly related to its ability to scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress. Resveratrol has also been shown to have the ability to stimulate the production of antioxidant enzymes, which interact with numerous signaling pathways involved in tumor development, and to possess side effects associated with the use of chemotherapy drugs. In this review article we summarized the main discoveries about the impact resveratrol can have in helping to prevent, as well as adjuvant treating, breast cancer. A brief overview of the primary sources of resveratrol as well as some approaches for improving its bioavailability have been also discussed.
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27
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Greco L, Rubbino F, Morelli A, Gaiani F, Grizzi F, de’Angelis GL, Malesci A, Laghi L. Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition: A Challenging Playground for Translational Research. Current Models and Focus on TWIST1 Relevance and Gastrointestinal Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111469. [PMID: 34768901 PMCID: PMC8584071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resembling the development of cancer by multistep carcinogenesis, the evolution towards metastasis involves several passages, from local invasion and intravasation, encompassing surviving anoikis into the circulation, landing at distant sites and therein establishing colonization, possibly followed by the outgrowth of macroscopic lesions. Within this cascade, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) works as a pleiotropic program enabling cancer cells to overcome local, systemic, and distant barriers against diffusion by replacing traits and functions of the epithelial signature with mesenchymal-like ones. Along the transition, a full-blown mesenchymal phenotype may not be accomplished. Rather, the plasticity of the program and its dependency on heterotopic signals implies a pendulum with oscillations towards its reversal, that is mesenchymal to epithelial transition. Cells in intermixed E⇔M states can also display stemness, enabling their replication together with the epithelial reversion next to successful distant colonization. If we aim to include the EMT among the hallmarks of cancer that could modify clinical practice, the gap between the results pursued in basic research by animal models and those achieved in translational research by surrogate biomarkers needs to be filled. We review the knowledge on EMT, derived from models and mechanistic studies as well as from translational studies, with an emphasis on gastrointestinal cancers (GI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Greco
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (L.G.); (F.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Federica Rubbino
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (L.G.); (F.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessandra Morelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (L.G.); (F.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Federica Gaiani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.G.); (G.L.d.)
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, University-Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Grizzi
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy;
| | - Gian Luigi de’Angelis
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.G.); (G.L.d.)
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, University-Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Alberto Malesci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy;
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Luigi Laghi
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (L.G.); (F.R.); (A.M.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.G.); (G.L.d.)
- Correspondence:
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28
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Davoodvandi A, Farshadi M, Zare N, Akhlagh SA, Alipour Nosrani E, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Kangari P, Sharafi SM, Khan H, Aschner M, Baniebrahimi G, Mirzaei H. Antimetastatic Effects of Curcumin in Oral and Gastrointestinal Cancers. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:668567. [PMID: 34456716 PMCID: PMC8386020 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.668567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are known as frequently occurred solid malignant tumors that can cause the high rate mortality in the world. Metastasis is a significant destructive feature of tumoral cells, which directly correlates with decreased prognosis and survival. Curcumin, which is found in turmeric, has been identified as a potent therapeutic natural bioactive compound (Curcuma longa). It has been traditionally applied for centuries to treat different diseases, and it has shown efficacy for its anticancer properties. Numerous studies have revealed that curcumin inhibits migration and metastasis of GI cancer cells by modulating various genes and proteins, i.e., growth factors, inflammatory cytokines and their receptors, different types of enzymes, caspases, cell adhesion molecules, and cell cycle proteins. Herein, we summarized the antimetastatic effects of curcumin in GI cancers, including pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, oral cancer, and esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Davoodvandi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Noushid Zare
- Faculty of Pharmacy, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Esmail Alipour Nosrani
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parisa Kangari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Maryam Sharafi
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Ghazaleh Baniebrahimi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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29
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Alkaloid derivative ION-31a inhibits breast cancer metastasis and angiogenesis by targeting HSP90α. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105201. [PMID: 34329994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer has become the number one killer of women. In our previous study, an active compound, ION-31a, with potential anti-metastasis activity against breast cancer was identified through the synthesis of ionone alkaloid derivatives. In the present study, we aimed to identify the therapeutic target of ION-31a. We used a fluorescence tag labeled probe, molecular docking simulation, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis to identify the target of ION-31a. The main target of ION-31a was identified as heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). Thus, ION-31a is a novel HSP90 inhibiter that could suppress the metastasis of breast cancer and angiogenesis significantly in vitro and in vivo. ION-31a acts via inhibiting the HSP90/hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) pathway and downregulating downstream signal pathways, including protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), AKT2/protein kinase C epsilon (PKCζ), extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (p38MAPK) pathways. ION-31a affects multiple effectors implicated in tumor metastasis and has the potential to be developed as an anti-metastatic agent to treat patients with breast cancer.
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Gilardi M, Bersini S, Valtorta S, Proietto M, Crippa M, Boussommier-Calleja A, Labelle M, Moresco RM, Vanoni M, Kamm RD, Moretti M. The driving role of the Cdk5/Tln1/FAK S732 axis in cancer cell extravasation dissected by human vascularized microfluidic models. Biomaterials 2021; 276:120975. [PMID: 34333365 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the molecular mechanisms of metastatic dissemination, the leading cause of death in cancer patients, is required to develop novel, effective therapies. Extravasation, an essential rate-limiting process in the metastatic cascade, includes three tightly coordinated steps: cancer cell adhesion to the endothelium, trans-endothelial migration, and early invasion into the secondary site. Focal adhesion proteins, including Tln1 and FAK, regulate the cytoskeleton dynamics: dysregulation of these proteins is often associated with metastatic progression and poor prognosis. METHODS Here, we studied the previously unexplored role of these targets in each extravasation step using engineered 3D in vitro models, which recapitulate the physiological vascular niche experienced by cancer cells during hematogenous metastasis. RESULTS Human breast cancer and fibrosarcoma cell lines respond to Cdk5/Tln1/FAK axis perturbation, impairing their metastatic potential. Vascular breaching requires actin polymerization-dependent invadopodia formation. Invadopodia generation requires the structural function of FAK and Tln1 rather than their activation through phosphorylation. Our data support that the inhibition of FAKS732 phosphorylation delocalizes ERK from the nucleus, decreasing ERK phosphorylated form. These findings indicate the critical role of these proteins in driving trans-endothelial migration. In fact, both knock-down experiments and chemical inhibition of FAK dramatically reduces lung colonization in vivo and TEM in microfluidic setting. Altogether, these data indicate that engineered 3D in vitro models coupled to in vivo models, genetic, biochemical, and imaging tools represent a powerful weapon to increase our understanding of metastatic progression. CONCLUSIONS These findings point to the need for further analyses of previously overlooked phosphorylation sites of FAK, such as the serine 732, and foster the development of new effective antimetastatic treatments targeting late events of the metastatic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Gilardi
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy; Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Simone Bersini
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy; Regenerative Medicine Technologies Lab, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland.
| | - Silvia Valtorta
- Università Degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Department of Medicine and Surgery and Tecnomed Foundation, Monza, Italy; Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology of National Researches Council (IBFM-CNR), Segrate, Italy.
| | - Marco Proietto
- Department of Biology-University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Martina Crippa
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Lab, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland; Laboratory of Biological Structures Mechanics, Chemistry, Material and Chemical Engineering Department "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alexandra Boussommier-Calleja
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA.
| | - Myriam Labelle
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- Università Degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Department of Medicine and Surgery and Tecnomed Foundation, Monza, Italy; Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology of National Researches Council (IBFM-CNR), Segrate, Italy.
| | - Marco Vanoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy; ISBE.IT/ Centre of Systems Biology, Milano, Italy.
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA.
| | - Matteo Moretti
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy; Regenerative Medicine Technologies Lab, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland; Euler Institute, Biomedical Sciences Faculty, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.
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Li P, Liu X, Kojima M, Huang Q, Arai T. Automated Cell Mechanical Characterization by On-Chip Sequential Squeezing: From Static to Dynamic. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:8083-8094. [PMID: 34171189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of cells are harmless biomarkers for cell identification and disease diagnosis. Although many systems have been developed to evaluate the static mechanical properties of cells for biomedical research, their robustness, effectiveness, and cost do not meet clinical requirements or the experiments with a large number of cell samples. In this paper, we propose an approach for on-chip cell mechanical characterization by analyzing the dynamic behavior of cells as they pass through multiple constrictions. The proposed serpentine microfluidic channel consisted of 20 constrictions connected in series and divided into five rows for tracking cell dynamic behavior. Assisted by computer vision, the squeezing time of each cell through five rows of constrictions was automatically collected and filtered to evaluate the cell's mechanical deformability. We observed a decreasing passage time and increasing dynamic deformability of the cells as they passed through the multiple constrictions. The deformability increase rate of the HeLa cells was eight times greater than that of MEF cells. Moreover, the weak correlation between the deformability increase rate and the cell size indicated that cell recognition based on measuring the deformability increase rate could hardly be affected by the cell size variation. These findings showed that the deformability increase rate of the cell under on-chip sequential squeezing as a new index has great potential in cancer cell recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex System, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, and School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex System, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, and School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Masaru Kojima
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Qiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex System, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, and School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tatsuo Arai
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex System, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, and School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Center for Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
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Rhone P, Zarychta E, Bielawski K, Ruszkowska-Ciastek B. Pre-surgical level of von Willebrand factor as an evident indicator of breast cancer recurrence. Cancer Biomark 2021; 29:359-372. [PMID: 32716345 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-191096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial and platelet activation as well as a disruption of haemostatic balance are crucial in cancer-dependent venous thromboembolism development. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of von Willebrand factor (VWF), sE-selectin, sP-selectin as well as VWF/sE-selectin and sP-selectin/sE-selectin ratios on the probability of disease relapse in invasive breast carcinoma (IBrC) cases. METHODS Eighty-four patients with IA-IIB stage of IBrC who passed a comprehensive clinicopathologic evaluation were included in the study. Follow-up was completed in all patients with a 15.48 % recurrence rate. An immunoassay of VWF antigen, sE-selectin, sP-selectin, as well as an immunohistochemistry of oestrogen and progesterone receptors, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and Ki67 was performed in all cases. RESULTS The VWF/sE-selectin ratio was significantly higher in patients with poorly differentiated tumours than in those with high-differentiated tumours. A positive correlation between VWF concentration and tumour grade was noted. Eleven of 13 events happened in patients with VWF value below 600 mU/mL with recurrence rate of 25%, but only two events occurred in subject with VWF values above the 600 mU/mL (5%; P= 0.0028). CONCLUSIONS Our study show that VWF could be considered as a suitable biomarker of breast cancer relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rhone
- Clinical Ward of Breast Cancer and Reconstructive Surgery, Oncology Centre Prof. F. Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Zarychta
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Kornel Bielawski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Barbara Ruszkowska-Ciastek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Transforming Growth Factor- β and Oxidative Stress in Cancer: A Crosstalk in Driving Tumor Transformation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123093. [PMID: 34205678 PMCID: PMC8235010 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metabolic changes in tumor microenvironment play a critical role in cancer, related to the accumulated alterations in signaling pathways that control cellular metabolism. Cancer metabolic deregulation is related to specific events such as the control of oxidative stress, and in particular the redox imbalance with aberrant oxidant production and/or a deregulation of the efficacy of the antioxidant systems. In cancer cells, different cytokines are involved in the development and/or progression of cancer; among these cytokines, the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is central to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. In tumor cells, it has been demonstrated that there is a close correlation between oxidative stress and TGF-β; this crosstalk strongly contributes to tumorigenesis, both in tumor development and in mediating its invasiveness. This review is addressed to better understanding this crosstalk between TGF-β and oxidative stress in cancer cell metabolism, in an attempt to improve the pharmacological and therapeutic approach against cancer. Abstract Cancer metabolism involves different changes at a cellular level, and altered metabolic pathways have been demonstrated to be heavily involved in tumorigenesis and invasiveness. A crucial role for oxidative stress in cancer initiation and progression has been demonstrated; redox imbalance, due to aberrant reactive oxygen species (ROS) production or deregulated efficacy of antioxidant systems (superoxide dismutase, catalase, GSH), contributes to tumor initiation and progression of several types of cancer. ROS may modulate cancer cell metabolism by acting as secondary messengers in the signaling pathways (NF-kB, HIF-1α) involved in cellular proliferation and metastasis. It is known that ROS mediate many of the effects of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), a key cytokine central in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, which in turn can modulate ROS production and the related antioxidant system activity. Thus, ROS synergize with TGF-β in cancer cell metabolism by increasing the redox imbalance in cancer cells and by inducing the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), a crucial event associated with tumor invasiveness and metastases. Taken as a whole, this review is addressed to better understanding this crosstalk between TGF-β and oxidative stress in cancer cell metabolism, in the attempt to improve the pharmacological and therapeutic approach against cancer.
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Tempest R, Guarnerio S, Maani R, Cooper J, Peake N. The Biological and Biomechanical Role of Transglutaminase-2 in the Tumour Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112788. [PMID: 34205140 PMCID: PMC8199963 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase-2 (TG2) is the most highly and ubiquitously expressed member of the transglutaminase enzyme family and is primarily involved in protein cross-linking. TG2 has been implicated in the development and progression of numerous cancers, with a direct role in multiple cellular processes and pathways linked to apoptosis, chemoresistance, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and stem cell phenotype. The tumour microenvironment (TME) is critical in the formation, progression, and eventual metastasis of cancer, and increasing evidence points to a role for TG2 in matrix remodelling, modulation of biomechanical properties, cell adhesion, motility, and invasion. There is growing interest in targeting the TME therapeutically in response to advances in the understanding of its critical role in disease progression, and a number of approaches targeting biophysical properties and biomechanical signalling are beginning to show clinical promise. In this review we aim to highlight the wide array of processes in which TG2 influences the TME, focussing on its potential role in the dynamic tissue remodelling and biomechanical events increasingly linked to invasive and aggressive behaviour. Drug development efforts have yielded a range of TG2 inhibitors, and ongoing clinical trials may inform strategies for targeting the biomolecular and biomechanical function of TG2 in the TME.
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Zuo L, Wijegunawardana D. Redox Role of ROS and Inflammation in Pulmonary Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1304:187-204. [PMID: 34019270 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), either derived from exogenous sources or overproduced endogenously, can disrupt the body's antioxidant defenses leading to compromised redox homeostasis. The lungs are highly susceptible to ROS-mediated damage. Oxidative stress (OS) caused by this redox imbalance leads to the pathogenesis of multiple pulmonary diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). OS causes damage to important cellular components in terms of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and DNA histone modification. Inflammation further enhances ROS production inducing changes in transcriptional factors which mediate cellular stress response pathways. This deviation from normal cell function contributes to the detrimental pathological characteristics often seen in pulmonary diseases. Although antioxidant therapies are feasible approaches in alleviating OS-related lung impairment, a comprehensive understanding of the updated role of ROS in pulmonary inflammation is vital for the development of optimal treatments. In this chapter, we review the major pulmonary diseases-including COPD, asthma, ARDS, COVID-19, and lung cancer-as well as their association with ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zuo
- College of Arts and Sciences, Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Lab, University of Maine, Presque Isle Campus, Presque Isle, ME, USA. .,Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Zhang H, Li T, Du X, Li Q, Huo B, Jin R, Li P. Effect of trachea stiffness on tumor distribution in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:518. [PMID: 34025785 PMCID: PMC8130054 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomechanical factors play an important role in tumor distribution, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion and other important processes. Despite fewer reports investigating biomechanical function in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), a large number of PTC cases are located close to the trachea and the majority of advanced cases of PTC have been associated with invasion of the trachea. However, the effect of trachea stiffness on PTC distribution and growth remains unknown. To clarify this issue, two types of PTC cells (TPC-1 and KTC-1) were seeded on a substrate with different stiffness to observe cell proliferation and movement. To identify the effect of trachea stiffness on the thyroid, two thyroid lobes (left and right) were evenly divided into interior (close to the trachea) and lateral (away from the trachea) parts, based on the vertical line between the trachea and thyroid lateral margin with different von Mises stress values. As PTC originates from papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) with a maximum diameter of <1 cm, the present study selected PTMC as the study subject to reflect initial PTC distribution in the thyroid. The association between the percentage of PTMC distribution in different parts of the thyroid and von Mises stress values was analyzed. Both PTC cells exhibited stronger proliferation and mobility on the stiff substrate compared with that on the soft substrate. Furthermore, the results of finite element analysis revealed that the von Mises stress values of the interior parts of the trachea were notably higher compared with that in the lateral parts. PTMC distribution in the interior trachea was notably greater compared with that in the lateral section. There was also an observed association between von Mises stress values and PTMC distribution. In addition, the results of RNA-sequencing and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR demonstrated that three biomechanical genes were overexpressed in PTMC located in the interior section compared with that in adjacent normal tissue, and the related signaling pathways were also activated in these tissues. On the whole, these results indicated that trachea stiffness may supply a suitable biomechanical environment for PTMC growth, and the related biomechanical genes may serve as novel targets for PTMC diagnosis and prognostic estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Ear Nose and Throat Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China
| | - Taiyang Li
- Beijing Institute of Technology, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Xilong Du
- Beijing Joy Gene Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Qihang Li
- Beijing Institute of Technology, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Bo Huo
- Beijing Institute of Technology, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Rui Jin
- Department of Maxillofacial and Ear Nose and Throat Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Maxillofacial and Ear Nose and Throat Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300020, P.R. China
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Harikrishnan A, Khanna S, Veena V. Design of New Improved Curcumin Derivatives to Multi-targets of Cancer and Inflammation. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:573-589. [PMID: 32753008 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200804113745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin is a major active principle of Curcuma longa. There are more than 1700 citations in the Medline, reflecting various biological effects of curcumin. Most of these biological activities are associated with the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity of the molecule. Several reports suggest various targets of natural curcumin that include growth factors, growth factor receptor, cytokines, enzymes and gene regulators of apoptosis. This review focuses on the improved curcumin derivatives that target the cancer and inflammation. METHODOLOGY In this present review, we explored the anticancer drugs with curcumin-based drugs under pre-clinical and clinical studies with critical examination. Based on the strong scientific reports of patentable and non-patented literature survey, we have investigated the mode of the interactions of curcumin-based molecules with the target molecules. RESULTS Advanced studies have added new dimensions of the molecular response of cancer cells to curcumin at the genomic level. However, poor bioavailability of the molecule seems to be the major limitation of the curcumin. Several researchers have been involved to improve the curcumin derivatives to overcome this limitation. Sufficient data of clinical trials to various cancers that include multiple myeloma, pancreatic cancer and colon cancer, have also been discussed. CONCLUSION The detailed analysis of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) and common synthesis of curcumin-based derivatives have been discussed in the review. Utilising the predictions of in silico coupled with validation reports of in vitro and in vivo studies have concluded many targets for curcumin. Among them, cancer-related inflammation genes regulating curcumin-based molecules are a very promising target to overcome hurdles in the multimodality therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Harikrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, Vinayaka Mission Research Foundation-Aarupadai Veedu (VMRF-AV) campus, Paiyanoor, Chennai-603104, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sunali Khanna
- Nair Hospital Dental College, Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai, Mumbai, 400 008, India
| | - V Veena
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Rukmini knowledge park, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru - 5600 064. Karnataka State, India
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MMP-9 Knockdown Inhibits Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Lymph Node Metastasis in the Nude Mouse Tongue-Xenografted Model through the RhoC/Src Pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2021:6683391. [PMID: 33828938 PMCID: PMC8004385 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6683391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common types of cancers in developing countries. A major contributor to the high mortality rate of OSCC is the tendency of oral cancer cells to metastasize to lymph nodes around the head and neck during the early stages of cancer development. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), an endopeptidase, can degrade the extracellular matrix and basement membrane and plays a key role in tumor invasion and metastasis. In vitro, cell migration ability was conducted by scratching assays. We also investigated the interaction abilities between OSCC cells and vascular endothelial cells (ECs) by an adhesion assay and transendothelial migration assay. And we established a BALB/c nude mouse tongue-xenografted metastasis model to investigate the role of MMP-9 and explore its potential underlying mechanism in OSCC growth, lymph node metastasis, and angiogenesis in vivo. The results showed that knockdown of MMP-9 could significantly suppress OSCC cell migration, proliferation, interactions between endothelial cells, xenografted tumor growth, and angiogenesis and simultaneously markedly inhibited OSCC cell metastasis to mouse lymphonodi cervicales superficiales, axillary lymph nodes, and even distant inguinal lymph nodes. Mechanistic studies revealed that knockdown of MMP-9 also led to a decreased expression of RhoC, Src, and F-actin by RT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. And the bioinformatic analysis showed that MMP-9, RhoC, and Src mRNA expression was positively and linearly correlated in OSCC on TCGA database. Together, our findings indicated that MMP-9 plays a very important role in OSCC growth, migration, angiogenesis, and lymph node metastasis, and its potential mechanism may be mediated by RhoC and Src gene expression.
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Xu Q, Kong N, Zhang J, Bai N, Bi J, Li W. Expression of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 in gastric cancer and its clinical significance. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:377. [PMID: 33680099 PMCID: PMC7918222 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member (TRPM8) is abnormally expressed in many malignant tumors, such as breast cancer and pancreatic cancer, but its expression in gastric cancer (GC) has remained unclear. The present study aimed to detect TRPM8 expression and to explore its clinical significance in GC. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the protein expression of TRPM8 in 134 pairs of GC and adjacent healthy tissues. The association of TRMP8 with the 5-year overall survival rate of patients with GC was assessed using a Cox regression model. TRPM8 protein expression was significantly elevated (P<0.05) in gastric tumor cells (SUN-1, AGS, SNU-5 and NCI-N87) and was significantly associated with tumor diameter (P=0.003), Tumor-Node-Metastasis stage (P=0.003), lymph node metastasis (P=0.001) and cancer cell remote metastasis (P=0.010) in patients with GC. The expression of TRPM8 protein was significantly higher in GC patients with a tumor diameter of ≥2.5 cm. Additionally, TRPM8 protein expression in patients with metastases was significantly higher compared with patients without metastasis. Cox regression analysis revealed that TRPM8 protein expression was an independent risk factor for prognosis (odds ratio, 1.625; 95% CI=0.552-3.128) in patients with GC. In addition, the 5-year overall survival rate of patients with high expression of TRPM8 protein (64.44%) in GC was significantly lower compared with patients with low expression (12.36%). TRPM8 was highly expressed in GC tissues and may promote GC cell proliferation and metastasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, P.R. China
| | - Na Kong
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, P.R. China
| | - Nan Bai
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, P.R. China
| | - Jingtao Bi
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, P.R. China
| | - Wendong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, P.R. China
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Domiński A, Konieczny T, Duale K, Krawczyk M, Pastuch-Gawołek G, Kurcok P. Stimuli-Responsive Aliphatic Polycarbonate Nanocarriers for Tumor-Targeted Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2890. [PMID: 33276597 PMCID: PMC7761607 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles based on amphiphilic copolymers with tunable physicochemical properties can be used to encapsulate delicate pharmaceutics while at the same time improving their solubility, stability, pharmacokinetic properties, reducing immune surveillance, or achieving tumor-targeting ability. Those nanocarriers based on biodegradable aliphatic polycarbonates are a particularly promising platform for drug delivery due to flexibility in the design and synthesis of appropriate monomers and copolymers. Current studies in this field focus on the design and the synthesis of new effective carriers of hydrophobic drugs and their release in a controlled manner by exogenous or endogenous factors in tumor-specific regions. Reactive groups present in aliphatic carbonate copolymers, undergo a reaction under the action of a stimulus: e.g., acidic hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, etc. leading to changes in the morphology of nanoparticles. This allows the release of the drug in a highly controlled manner and induces a desired therapeutic outcome without damaging healthy tissues. The presented review summarizes the current advances in chemistry and methods for designing stimuli-responsive nanocarriers based on aliphatic polycarbonates for controlled drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Domiński
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej St, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (A.D.); (T.K.); (K.D.)
| | - Tomasz Konieczny
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej St, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (A.D.); (T.K.); (K.D.)
| | - Khadar Duale
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej St, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (A.D.); (T.K.); (K.D.)
| | - Monika Krawczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (M.K.); (G.P.-G.)
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Gabriela Pastuch-Gawołek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (M.K.); (G.P.-G.)
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Piotr Kurcok
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej St, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (A.D.); (T.K.); (K.D.)
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Pantazi P, Carollo E, Carter DRF, Brooks SA. A practical toolkit to study aspects of the metastatic cascade in vitro. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151654. [PMID: 33157489 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
While metastasis - the spread of cancer from the primary location to distant sites in the body - remains the principle cause of cancer death, it is incompletely understood. It is a complex process, requiring the metastatically successful cancer cell to negotiate a formidable series of interconnected steps, which are described in this paper. For each step, we review the range of in vitro assays that may be used to study them. We also provide a range of detailed, step-by-step protocols that can be undertaken in most modestly-equipped laboratories, including methods for converting qualitative observations into quantitative data for analysis. Assays include: (1) a gelatin degradation assay to study the ability of endothelial cells to degrade extracellular matrix during tumour angiogenesis; (2) the morphological characterisation of cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as they acquire motility; (3) a 'scratch' or 'wound-healing' assay to study cancer cell migration; (4) a transwell assay to study cancer cell invasion through extracellular matrix; and (5) a static adhesion assay to examine cancer cell interactions with, and adhesion to, endothelial monolayers. This toolkit of protocols will enable researchers who are interested in metastasis to begin to focus on defined aspects of the process. It is only by further understanding this complex, fascinating and clinically relevant series of events that we may ultimately devise ways of better treating, or even preventing, cancer metastasis. The assays may also be of more broad interest to researchers interested in studying aspects of cellular behaviour in relation to other developmental and disease processes.
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Huang CC, Wang PH, Lu YT, Yang JS, Yang SF, Ho YT, Lin CW, Hsin CH. Morusin Suppresses Cancer Cell Invasion and MMP-2 Expression through ERK Signaling in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204851. [PMID: 33096744 PMCID: PMC7587949 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The most important cause of treatment failure of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients is metastasis, including regional lymph nodes or distant metastasis, resulting in a poor prognosis and challenges for treatment. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro anti- tumoral properties of morusin on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma HONE-1, NPC-39, and NPC-BM cells. Our study revealed that morusin suppressed the migration and invasion abilities of the three NPC cells. Gelatin zymography assay and Western blotting demonstrated that the enzyme activity and the level of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) protein were downregulated by the treatment of morusin. Mitogen-activated protein kinase proteins were examined to identify the signaling pathway, which showed that phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was inhibited after the treatment of morusin. In summary, our data showed that morusin inhibited the migration and invasion of NPC cells by suppressing the expression of MMP-2 by downregulating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, suggesting that morusin may be a potential candidate for chemoprevention or adjuvant therapy of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chen Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (P.-H.W.); (Y.-T.L.); (J.-S.Y.); (S.-F.Y.); (Y.-T.H.)
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hui Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (P.-H.W.); (Y.-T.L.); (J.-S.Y.); (S.-F.Y.); (Y.-T.H.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ting Lu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (P.-H.W.); (Y.-T.L.); (J.-S.Y.); (S.-F.Y.); (Y.-T.H.)
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, St. Martin De Porres Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Sin Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (P.-H.W.); (Y.-T.L.); (J.-S.Y.); (S.-F.Y.); (Y.-T.H.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (P.-H.W.); (Y.-T.L.); (J.-S.Y.); (S.-F.Y.); (Y.-T.H.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Ho
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (P.-H.W.); (Y.-T.L.); (J.-S.Y.); (S.-F.Y.); (Y.-T.H.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-W.L.); (C.-H.H.); Tel.: +886-4-2473-9595 (ext. 34253) (C.-W.L.)
| | - Chung-Han Hsin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (P.-H.W.); (Y.-T.L.); (J.-S.Y.); (S.-F.Y.); (Y.-T.H.)
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-W.L.); (C.-H.H.); Tel.: +886-4-2473-9595 (ext. 34253) (C.-W.L.)
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Fadaeinasab M, Karimian H, Omar H, Taha H, Khorasani A, Banisalam B, Aziz Ketuly K, Abdullah Z. Reflexin A, a new indole alkaloid from Rauvolfia reflexa induces apoptosis against colon cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2020; 22:474-488. [PMID: 30945944 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2019.1588888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One new indole alkaloid, reflexin A (1), and two known indoles, macusine B (2) and vinorine (3), were isolated from the bark of Rauvolfia reflexa. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR, UV, IR, and MS spectroscopic analyses. Compound 1 displayed anticancer activity against HCT-116 colon cancer cells with an IC50 value of 30.24 ± 0.75 µM. The results implied that the newly isolated 1 induced apoptosis in HCT-116 cells, suggesting its possible role as an anticancer agent. In vivo acute toxicity study was performed on compound 1 to evaluate its safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Fadaeinasab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Hamed Karimian
- School of Medicine, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Hanita Omar
- Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, Division of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Hairin Taha
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Arash Khorasani
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Behrooz Banisalam
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Aziz Ketuly
- Department of Medical Chemistry, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok 78, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Zanariah Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Ngo S, Liang J, Su YH, O'Brien LE. Disruption of EGF Feedback by Intestinal Tumors and Neighboring Cells in Drosophila. Curr Biol 2020; 30:1537-1546.e3. [PMID: 32243854 PMCID: PMC7409949 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In healthy adult organs, robust feedback mechanisms control cell turnover to enforce homeostatic equilibrium between cell division and death [1, 2]. Nascent tumors must subvert these mechanisms to achieve cancerous overgrowth [3-7]. Elucidating the nature of this subversion can reveal how cancers become established and may suggest strategies to prevent tumor progression. In adult Drosophila intestine, a well-studied model of homeostatic cell turnover, the linchpin of cell equilibrium is feedback control of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) protease Rhomboid (Rho). Expression of Rho in apoptotic cells enables them to secrete EGFs, which stimulate nearby stem cells to undergo replacement divisions [8]. As in mammals, loss of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) causes Drosophila intestinal stem cells to form adenomas [9]. Here, we demonstrate that Drosophila APC-/- tumors trigger widespread Rho expression in non-apoptotic cells, resulting in chronic EGF signaling. Initially, nascent APC-/- tumors induce rho in neighboring wild-type cells via acute, non-autonomous activation of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). During later growth and multilayering, APC-/- tumors induce rho in tumor cells by autonomous downregulation of E-cadherin (E-cad) and consequent activity of p120-catenin. This sequential dysregulation of tumor non-autonomous and -autonomous EGF signaling converts tissue-level feedback into feed-forward activation that drives cancerous overgrowth. Because Rho, EGF receptor (EGFR), and E-cad are associated with colorectal cancer in humans [10-17], our findings may shed light on how human colorectal tumors progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Ngo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jackson Liang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yu-Han Su
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lucy Erin O'Brien
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Venugopal SV, Caggia S, Gambrell-Sanders D, Khan SA. Differential roles and activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complexes 1 and 2 during cell migration in prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2020; 80:412-423. [PMID: 31995655 PMCID: PMC7232714 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a downstream substrate activated by PI3K/AKT pathway and it is essential for cell migration. It exists as two complexes: mTORC1 and mTORC2. mTORC1 is known to be regulated by active AKT, but the activation of mTORC2 is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the roles and differential activation of the two mTOR complexes during cell migration in prostate cancer cells. METHODS We used small interfering RNA to silence the expression of Rac1 and the main components of mTOR complexes (regulatory associated protein of mTOR [RAPTOR] and rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR [RICTOR]) in LNCaP, DU145, and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines. We performed transwell migration assay to evaluate the migratory capability of the cells, and Western blot analysis to study the activation levels of mTOR complexes. RESULTS Specific knockdown of RAPTOR and RICTOR caused a decrease of cell migration, suggesting their essential role in prostate cancer cell movement. Furthermore, epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatments induced the activation of both the mTOR complexes. Lack of Rac1 activity in prostate cancer cells blocked EGF-induced activation of mTORC2, but had no effect on mTORC1 activation. Furthermore, the overexpression of constitutively active Rac1 resulted in significant increase in cell migration and activation of mTORC2 in PC3 cells, but had no effect on mTORC1 activation. Active Rac1 was localized in the plasma membrane and was found to be in a protein complex, with RICTOR, but not RAPTOR. CONCLUSION We suggest that EGF-induced activation of Rac1 causes the activation of mTORC2 via RICTOR. This mechanism plays a critical role in prostate cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smrruthi Vaidegi Venugopal
- Department of biological sciences, Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Silvia Caggia
- Department of biological sciences, Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - DaJhnae Gambrell-Sanders
- Department of biological sciences, Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shafiq A Khan
- Department of biological sciences, Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Bilyi DD, Gerdeva AА, Samoiliuk VV, Suslova NI, Yevtushenko ID. A modern look at the molecular-biological mechanisms of breast tumours in dogs. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.15421/022001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High morbidity and increase in the number of registrations of breast tumours in dogs, their wide application as biological models, discussion of numerous questions of oncogenesis, and the lack of a uniform/unified methodological approach to the study of molecular and biological mechanisms of treatment of cancer determine the relevance of the problem of cancer both in humans and in our domestic companions. The analysis of publications allowed us to establish the following patterns of carcinogenesis. The peculiarities of the biological behaviour of breast tumours depend on their pathomorphological structure. Genetic predisposition to breast cancer is characteristic only in the single breed aspect. Environmental factors are of critical relevance to carcinogenesis : chemical pollutants initiate oncogenesis indirectly – by altering the expression of several receptors, impaired endocrine balance and direct mutagenic effects. Reproductive status plays a key role in the initiation and progression of breast tumours by reducing the expression of estrogen, progesterone and prolactin receptor genes. The inflammatory response that accompanies the neoplasia process is characterized by increased production of cytokines, cyclooxygenase-2, interleukins (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8), vascular endothelial growth receptors, and impaired hemostatic status (oxidative stress), which promotes progression of disease. In breast cancer in dogs, genomic instability leads to genomic aberrations, and subsequently, mutations that support the proliferation, survival and dissemination of neoplastic cells. The initiation and progression of mammary gland tumours is provided by cancer stem cells by disrupting the regulation of precursor cell self-renewal, which also predispose to resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, radiation, and hormonal cancer therapy. The analysis of the publications revealed the major markers of carcinogenesis that could potentially be used as biological targets for the design of modern diagnostic strategies and high-performance therapeutic protocols.
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Does Direct and Indirect Exposure to Ionising Radiation Influence the Metastatic Potential of Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010236. [PMID: 31963587 PMCID: PMC7016586 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionising radiation (IR) is commonly used for cancer therapy; however, its potential influence on the metastatic ability of surviving cancer cells exposed directly or indirectly to IR remains controversial. Metastasis is a multistep process by which the cancer cells dissociate from the initial site, invade, travel through the blood stream or lymphatic system, and colonise distant sites. This complex process has been reported to require cancer cells to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by which the cancer cells convert from an adhesive, epithelial to motile, mesenchymal form and is also associated with changes in glycosylation of cell surface proteins, which may be functionally involved in metastasis. In this paper, we give an overview of metastatic mechanisms and of the fundamentals of cancer-associated glycosylation changes. While not attempting a comprehensive review of this wide and fast moving field, we highlight some of the accumulating evidence from in vitro and in vivo models for increased metastatic potential in cancer cells that survive IR, focusing on angiogenesis, cancer cell motility, invasion, and EMT and glycosylation. We also explore the indirect effects in cells exposed to exosomes released from irradiated cells. The results of such studies need to be interpreted with caution and there remains limited evidence that radiotherapy enhances the metastatic capacity of cancers in a clinical setting and undoubtedly has a very positive clinical benefit. However, there is potential that this therapeutic benefit may ultimately be enhanced through a better understanding of the direct and indirect effects of IR on cancer cell behaviour.
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Zhou Y, Zhou C, Zou Y, Jin Y, Han S, Liu Q, Hu X, Wang L, Ma Y, Liu Y. Multi pH-sensitive polymer–drug conjugate mixed micelles for efficient co-delivery of doxorubicin and curcumin to synergistically suppress tumor metastasis. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:5029-5046. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00840k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Multi pH-responsive polymer-drug conjugate mixed micelles were fabricated to co-deliver doxorubicin and curcumin for synergistic suppression tumor metastasis via inhibiting the invasion, migration, intravasation and extravasation of tumor cells.
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Elhousiny M, Miller K, Ariyawadana A, Nimmo A. Identification of inflammatory mediators associated with metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma in experimental and clinical studies: systematic review. Clin Exp Metastasis 2019; 36:481-492. [PMID: 31559586 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-019-09994-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis, whether regional or distant, remains the main cause of morbidity and recurrence in oral cancer. The accumulating evidence suggests that inflammatory mediators are strong drivers for cancer progression and spread. However, the precise role of these inflammatory mediators in mediating specific metastatic stage is poorly understood due to lack of integration/validation of experimental research data and the clinical trials, i.e., the data produced from research is not translated to clinical therapeutic targets. This, in turn, results in the lack of developing reliable biomarker that can be used for accurate diagnosis/prognosis of the tumour spread. We have performed a systematic review to assess the role of inflammatory mediators as potential markers for diagnosis/prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) metastasis. We carried out a systematic search the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus databases under the guidelines for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). Articles were divided into two groups; experimental (in-vivo) and clinical studies. The REporting recommendations for tumour MARKer prognostic studies Scale (REMARK) was used to assess the quality of the studies for the clinical search while Animal research: Reporting In-vivo experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines were used to assess the quality of the animal studies. Sixteen articles in the clinical group and four articles in the experimental group were included in the final review. We identified nine inflammatory mediators; CXCR4, CXCL12 (SDF-1), CCR7, IL-6, IL-18, CCL20 (MIP-3), CXCL1 (GRO-1), CCL3, CXCR2. This panel of inflammatory mediators can provide a framework for hypothesis testing of the potential value of these mediators in metastatic prognosis. We recommend carrying a large cohort study with data pooling for adequate assessment and testing of the inflammatory panel of mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa Elhousiny
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia.
| | - Kate Miller
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Anura Ariyawadana
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
- Griffith Health Institute, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Alan Nimmo
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
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Aggarwal V, Tuli HS, Varol A, Thakral F, Yerer MB, Sak K, Varol M, Jain A, Khan MA, Sethi G. Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Cancer Progression: Molecular Mechanisms and Recent Advancements. Biomolecules 2019; 9:735. [PMID: 31766246 PMCID: PMC6920770 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 669] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in biological processes and continuous ROS production in normal cells is controlled by the appropriate regulation between the silver lining of low and high ROS concentration mediated effects. Interestingly, ROS also dynamically influences the tumor microenvironment and is known to initiate cancer angiogenesis, metastasis, and survival at different concentrations. At moderate concentration, ROS activates the cancer cell survival signaling cascade involving mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2 (MAPK/ERK1/2), p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and phosphoinositide-3-kinase/ protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), which in turn activate the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). At high concentrations, ROS can cause cancer cell apoptosis. Hence, it critically depends upon the ROS levels, to either augment tumorigenesis or lead to apoptosis. The major issue is targeting the dual actions of ROS effectively with respect to the concentration bias, which needs to be monitored carefully to impede tumor angiogenesis and metastasis for ROS to serve as potential therapeutic targets exogenously/endogenously. Overall, additional research is required to comprehend the potential of ROS as an effective anti-tumor modality and therapeutic target for treating malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Aggarwal
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Punjab, Chandigarh 160012, India;
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207, India;
| | - Ayşegül Varol
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir TR26470, Turkey;
| | - Falak Thakral
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207, India;
| | - Mukerrem Betul Yerer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey;
| | | | - Mehmet Varol
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kotekli Campus, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla TR48000, Turkey;
| | - Aklank Jain
- Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Punjab, City Campus, Mansa Road, Bathinda 151001, India;
| | - Md. Asaduzzaman Khan
- The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China;
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
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