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Tyler KA, Ray CM. PTSD Symptoms Among College Students: Linkages with Familial Risk, Borderline Personality, and Sexual Assault. JOURNAL OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE 2024; 33:127-145. [PMID: 38456682 PMCID: PMC11003306 DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2024.2326543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
College students have high rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms as well as high rates of sexual assault. What is less clear, however, is whether different sexual assault types (e.g. coercive, physically forced, and incapacitation) are associated with greater PTSD symptoms. Moreover, understanding early familial and mental health histories of college students is important for explaining PTSD symptoms. As such, we use a social stress framework to examine the relationships between early familial risk (i.e. child abuse, perceived maternal rejection), borderline personality (BP) symptoms, and three sexual assault types with PTSD symptoms among college students. A total of 783 undergraduate students (65.4% female) completed paper and pencil surveys in fall 2019 and spring 2020 at a large public university. Results revealed that females were more likely to experience child sexual abuse and all three forms of sexual assault, while males experienced higher rates of child physical abuse. OLS regression results showed positive associations between child sexual abuse, perceived maternal rejection, BP symptoms and all three types of sexual assault with PTSD symptoms. Females also experienced more PTSD symptoms compared to males. Findings have implications for targeted interventions to improve mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colleen M. Ray
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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2
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Stamates AL, Preonas PD, Linden-Carmichael AN, Junkin E, Roberts R, Lau-Barraco C. Daily Positive Alcohol Expectancies and Alcohol Use Outcomes among College Students. ADDICTION RESEARCH & THEORY 2023; 32:219-224. [PMID: 38799504 PMCID: PMC11126209 DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2023.2241358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Expectancy theory supports alcohol expectancies, or the expected effects of drinking, as an important factor in alcohol use behaviors. Recent research supports that alcohol expectancies fluctuate daily, but scant research has examined specific types of expectancies and their associations with alcohol use at the daily level. Consequently, the present study examined (1) the daily association between select expectancies (i.e., sociability, tension reduction, liquid courage) and likelihood of drinking, and (2) whether daily expectancies predict alcohol use outcomes (i.e., alcohol-related problems, heavy drinking) on drinking days. Participants (N = 221; 79.2% women) were primarily White (48.4%) and Black (29.7%) university students. Participants completed daily measures of expectancies, alcohol use, and alcohol-related problems each day for 14 days. Results from multilevel models revealed daily sociability as the only expectancy subscale linked with increased odds of drinking. Daily expectancies did not predict heavy drinking or alcohol-related problems on drinking days. At the between-person level, average levels of sociability and tension reduction expectancies were associated with a greater likelihood of engaging in heavy drinking and experiencing a problem. Findings highlight that fluctuations in sociability expectancies may be proximally linked to likelihood of alcohol use, which may inform just-in-time intervention efforts targeting alcohol expectancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Stamates
- University of Rhode Island, 142 Flagg Road, 410 Chafee Hall, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Peter D. Preonas
- Old Dominion University, 250 Mills Godwin Building, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, 234 Mills Godwin Building, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Ashley N. Linden-Carmichael
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, 320E Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Emily Junkin
- Old Dominion University, 250 Mills Godwin Building, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, 234 Mills Godwin Building, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Rhiannon Roberts
- George Washington University, 801 22 Street NW, Phillips Hall 107, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Cathy Lau-Barraco
- Old Dominion University, 250 Mills Godwin Building, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, 234 Mills Godwin Building, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
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Johnson EC, Paul SE, Baranger DAA, Hatoum AS, Colbert SMC, Lin S, Wolff R, Gorelik AJ, Hansen I, Karcher NR, Bogdan R, Agrawal A. Characterizing Alcohol Expectancies in the ABCD Study: Associations with Sociodemographic Factors, the Immediate Social Environment, and Genetic Propensities. Behav Genet 2023; 53:265-278. [PMID: 36662388 PMCID: PMC10159951 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-023-10133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol expectancies (AEs) are associated with likelihood of alcohol initiation and subsequent alcohol use disorders. It is unclear whether genetic predisposition to alcohol use and/or related traits contributes to shaping how one expects to feel when drinking alcohol. We used the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study to examine associations between genetic propensities (i.e., polygenic risk for problematic alcohol use, depression, risk-taking), sociodemographic factors (i.e., parent income), and the immediate social environment (i.e., peer use and disapproval toward alcohol) and positive and negative AEs in alcohol-naïve children (max analytic N = 5,352). Mixed-effect regression models showed that age, parental education, importance of the child's religious beliefs, adverse childhood experiences, and peer disapproval of alcohol use were associated with positive and/or negative AEs, to varying degrees. Overall, our results suggest several familial and psychosocial predictors of AEs but little evidence of contributions from polygenic liability to problematic alcohol use or related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Sarah E Paul
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David A A Baranger
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexander S Hatoum
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah M C Colbert
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Shuyu Lin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel Wolff
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aaron J Gorelik
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Isabella Hansen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nicole R Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Ehlke SJ, Kelley ML, Braitman AL. Weekly Drinking and Binge Drinking Mediate the Association Between Drinking Location and Sexual Coercion. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP10843-NP10862. [PMID: 31566072 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519879239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It has been well documented that alcohol use is a risk factor for sexual assault. However, few studies have examined how alcohol use is associated with sexual coercion experiences. Furthermore, off-campus parties and bars are drinking locations where alcohol use is high among college students. It is important to determine other risk factors, such as the drinking location, that may affect alcohol use and sexual coercion. The current study examined whether alcohol use (drinks per week and binge drinking) mediated the association between drinking location frequency (off-campus party and bar/restaurant) and experiencing sexual coercion in the past 30 days. Participants were N = 295 young adult (Mage = 21.17 years, SD = 2.70) undergraduate women who reported drinking at least once in the past 30 days and completed an online survey. Results revealed that 88 (29.8%) participants experienced sexual coercion in the past 30 days. Participants who experienced sexual coercion in the past 30 days reported greater drinks per week, were more likely to binge drink, and reported drinking more frequently at off-campus parties than those who had not experienced sexual coercion. Drinks per week significantly mediated the relationship between drinking location frequency (off-campus party and bar/restaurant) and sexual coercion. Specifically, more frequent drinking at off-campus parties and bars/restaurants was associated with greater drinks per week, which in turn was related to experiencing sexual coercion in the past 30 days. Binge drinking significantly mediated the association between frequency of drinking at a bar/restaurant and sexual coercion, but not off-campus drinking frequency. Findings suggest that college student alcohol interventions that target harm reduction should consider including information about how the drinking location may intersect with alcohol use to increase risk for sexual coercion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle L Kelley
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
- The Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, USA
| | - Abby L Braitman
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
- The Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, USA
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Marcantonio TL, Jozkowski KN. Do college students feel confident to consent to sex after consuming alcohol? JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021:1-8. [PMID: 34242552 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1943413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE College students engage in consensual sexual activity after consuming alcohol, perhaps because they feel confident to do so. However, why students feel confident consenting to sex after consuming alcohol is unclear. We conducted a mixed-method evaluation of students' confidence consenting to sex after consuming alcohol; we examined individual (gender, relationship status, Greek life, alcohol and sex expectancies) and contextual (drinking behaviors) factors' association with confidence to consent to sex. We then qualitatively examined why students felt confident. METHOD 232 college students completed a survey assessing alcohol and sexual activity. RESULTS Gender, Greek life involvement, and drinking behaviors were related to confidence to consent; open-ended responses suggested students had their own norms for combining consent and alcohol. CONCLUSIONS Students were confident consenting to sex after consuming alcohol. Sexual assault prevention educators may consider focusing on misunderstandings surrounding alcohol's effects on people's ability to consent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany L Marcantonio
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Kristen N Jozkowski
- Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Department of Applied Health Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Ménard KS, Dowgwillo EA, Pincus AL. The Role of Gender, Child Maltreatment, Alcohol Expectancies, and Personality Pathology on Relationship Violence Among Undergraduates. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP4094-NP4114. [PMID: 29957098 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518784589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Male (n = 1,104) and female (n = 1,337) college students' self-report surveys on childhood maltreatment, alcohol expectancies, and narcissistic personality traits are examined to determine their associations with relationship violence. Intimate partner violence was measured using the violence subscales of the revised Conflict Tactics. Because we were interested in the effects of gender and because z tests of the correlations and t tests of means indicated men and women differed significantly on several variables, ordinary least squares regression models were run separately for men and women. Results suggest there are both gender similarities and differences. Relationship violence was associated with child sexual abuse for both men and women, whereas high scores on negative alcohol expectancies and vulnerable narcissism, and low scores on grandiose narcissism, were significantly associated with violence for men only. In addition, z tests revealed the regression coefficients for child sexual abuse and negative alcohol expectancies were significantly different for men and women. Child sexual abuse and alcohol expectancies had stronger associations with men's than women's violent behavior. In addition, the models explained a greater amount of variance in men's than in women's behavior. Policy implications of the research will be discussed.
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Lac A, Luk JW. Pathways from Positive, Negative, and Specific Alcohol Expectancies to Weekday and Weekend Drinking to Alcohol Problems. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2020; 20:800-809. [PMID: 30685802 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-019-0986-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The current study tested and identified risk and protective pathways from alcohol expectancies to weekday and weekend consumption to problematic consequences. Adult alcohol users (N = 395) completed measures of alcohol expectancies, daily consumption habits during a typical week, and alcohol-related problems. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the five-factor structure of positive expectancy, negative expectancy, weekday drinking, weekend drinking, and alcohol problems. The structural equation model specifying general positive and negative expectancy to weekday and weekend use to alcohol problems exhibited satisfactory fit indices. Specifically, positive expectancy contributed to greater weekend drinking, but negative expectancy prompted greater weekday drinking. Furthermore, lower positive expectancy, higher negative expectancy, higher weekday drinking, and higher weekend drinking each uniquely explained greater alcohol problems. The structural equation model involving the seven specific expectancies to weekday and weekend use to alcohol problems produced high fit indices. Specifically, higher risk and aggression, higher self-perception, and lower cognitive and behavioral impairment expectancies uniquely predicted weekday drinking. In contrast, higher sociability, higher liquid courage, higher risk and aggression, and lower cognitive impairment expectancies explained weekend drinking. The predictive model premised on specific alcohol expectancies as distinct constructs exhibited higher fit indices and more nuanced insights regarding risk and protective pathways for prevention than the model involving general positive versus negative expectancy constructs. Findings underscore that different types of self-fulfilling alcohol expectancy beliefs distinctively explain weekday versus weekend intake and problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Lac
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado - Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO, 80918, USA.
| | - Jeremy W Luk
- Health Behavior Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Valente H, Martins D, Carvalho H, Pires CV, Carvalho MC, Pinto M, Barratt MJ. Evaluation of a drug checking service at a large scale electronic music festival in Portugal. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2019; 73:88-95. [PMID: 31398488 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug checking services are being implemented in recreational settings across the world, however these projects are frequently accused of a lack of evidence concerning their impact on people who use drugs. This paper describes the implementation of a drug checking service at the Boom Festival 2016 and explores the impact of this service on its users' behavioural intentions. METHODS 753 drug samples were submitted to the drug checking service for chemical analysis. All drug checking users were invited to fill a pre-analysis and a post-analysis questionnaire. 310 pre- and post-analysis questionnaires answered by users of the service were successfully matched. RESULTS When the test results were "unexpected" (N = 86), 94.3% of the service users reported that they would not to take the drug. When the test result indicated the sample contained "the expected substance plus adulterants" (N = 41) 32% of users stated they would not take it. When the test result was "only the expected substance" (N = 370), as anticipated, 98% of the participants reported they would take it. There was a statistically significant association between users' behavioural intentions and drug-checking result (χ2(2) = 350,042, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS These results support the hypothesis that providing drug checking services in large-scale festivals helps users to better manage their drug use and deal with drug adulteration. The data corroborates the supposition that when provided with objective information about the content of their drugs, some users consider health protecting behaviours. Additionally, these results can contribute to the design of tailored harm reduction interventions that take into consideration clients' characteristics, profiles and motivations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Valente
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of the Porto University, Portugal; Kosmicare Association, Portugal; CINTESIS. Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, Portugal.
| | - Daniel Martins
- Kosmicare Association, Portugal; CIQUP. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of the Porto Univsersity of Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Carvalho
- CPUP. Centre for Psychology of the University of Porto, Portugal; inED. Centre for Research and Innovation in Education, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Vale Pires
- Kosmicare Association, Portugal; Faculty of Education and Psychology of the Portuguese Catholic University, Portugal; CRIA. Centre for Research in Anthropology, Portugal
| | - Maria Carmo Carvalho
- Kosmicare Association, Portugal; CRIA. Centre for Research in Anthropology, Portugal
| | - Marta Pinto
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of the Porto University, Portugal; CINTESIS. Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine of the Porto University, Portugal
| | - Monica J Barratt
- Social and Global Studies Centre, RMIT University, Australia; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Australia
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Anthenien AM, Fredrickson G, Riggs NR, Conner BT, Jurica J, Neighbors C. Tailgating Protective Behavioral Strategies Mediate the Effects of Positive Alcohol Outcome Expectancies on Game Day Drinking. J Prim Prev 2019; 40:357-365. [PMID: 30989575 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-019-00548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Although a growing body of evidence suggests protective behavioral strategies are associated with lower alcohol use among college students, we know little about what contributes to students' decisions to use these strategies. Alcohol outcome expectancies have been associated with alcohol use among college students, and may contribute to their decisions to use protective behavioral strategies while drinking in contexts associated with an elevated risk for heavy alcohol use. University football game tailgating is one high-risk context that has received limited empirical attention with respect to identifying risk and protective factors for use. We sought to determine whether expectancy effects on tailgating drinking may be attributable to the approach or avoidance of protective strategies in this context. We expected college students who perceive greater positive expectancies to report engaging in more protective strategies on game day, whereas we hypothesized greater negative expectancies would be associated with less use of protective strategies. College students (N = 231) reported outcome expectancies online within 7 days of tailgating and quantity of alcoholic drinks consumed while tailgating, as well as whether they used limiting consumption (i.e., counting drinks, alternating drinking water and alcohol) and harm reduction (HR; i.e., sober transportation) strategies 48 h after tailgating. Results indicated higher positive expectancies were associated with greater use of HR strategies. Positive expectancies were indirectly positively related to greater game day tailgating drinking and negatively to odds of abstaining through the use of protective strategies, and unique indirect effects were observed for HR strategies. These findings highlight important individual differences that contribute to the use of protective behaviors, and suggest that expectancy-challenge interventions may be tailored to address unsafe drinking practices and promote college student health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M Anthenien
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 126 Heyne Building, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Gereon Fredrickson
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1876, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Nathaniel R Riggs
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1570, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Bradley T Conner
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1876, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - John Jurica
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1876, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Clayton Neighbors
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 126 Heyne Building, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
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Wombacher K, Matig JJ, Sheff SE, Scott AM. "It Just Kind of Happens": College Students' Rationalizations for Blackout Drinking. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2019; 34:1-10. [PMID: 29048236 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2017.1384351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nearly half of college students engage in binge drinking, and blackouts (i.e., episodes of periodic memory loss) represent one common consequence of this behavior. Although researchers have begun to understand the extent to which students black out, little is known about why they do so. We conducted two studies to further our understanding of this risky health behavior. In Study 1, we conducted face-to-face interviews (N = 19) to explore students' blackout experiences. Our findings suggest that students recognize that blacking out is an unhealthy behavior; however, because such a recognition contradicts group norms about alcohol consumption, it causes them to experience dissonance, which they manage via a variety of rationalization strategies. We investigated these findings more systematically through an online survey in Study 2, in which students (N = 254) reported on their own and others' beliefs and behaviors about blacking out. Our results indicate that many of the rationalization strategies students identified in Study 1 were grounded in fallacious reasoning. We discuss the collective implications of these findings for future interventions addressing students' excessive drinking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob J Matig
- a Department of Communication , University of Kentucky
| | - Sarah E Sheff
- a Department of Communication , University of Kentucky
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Pegram SE, Abbey A, Helmers BR, Benbouriche M, Jilani Z, Woerner J. Men Who Sexually Assault Drinking Women: Similarities and Differences With Men Who Sexually Assault Sober Women and Nonperpetrators. Violence Against Women 2018; 24:1327-1348. [PMID: 30078373 DOI: 10.1177/1077801218787927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the attributes of men who sexually assault drinking women as compared with men who sexually assault sober women and nonperpetrators. Findings from a cross-sectional survey of 548 men and a laboratory computer-simulated date completed by a subset ( n = 87) support the hypothesis that both groups of perpetrators would share some common risk factors and differ regarding alcohol beliefs and consumption. Men who had previously assaulted a drinking woman gave their simulated date more alcohol to drink and perceived her as being more disinhibited. These findings demonstrate the power of alcohol expectancies and stereotypes about drinking women.
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Predicting Young Adults Binge Drinking in Nightlife Scenes: An Evaluation of the D-ARIANNA Risk Estimation Model. J Addict Med 2018; 12:401-409. [PMID: 29847462 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Binge drinking (BD) among young people has significant public health implications. Thus, there is the need to target users most at risk. We estimated the discriminative accuracy of an innovative model nested in a recently developed e-Health app (Digital-Alcohol RIsk Alertness Notifying Network for Adolescents and young adults [D-ARIANNA]) for BD in young people, examining its performance to predict short-term BD episodes. METHODS We consecutively recruited young adults in pubs, discos, or live music events. Participants self-administered the app D-ARIANNA, which incorporates an evidence-based risk estimation model for the dependent variable BD. They were re-evaluated after 2 weeks using a single-item BD behavior as reference. We estimated D-ARIANNA discriminative ability through measures of sensitivity and specificity, and also likelihood ratios. ROC curve analyses were carried out, exploring variability of discriminative ability across subgroups. RESULTS The analyses included 507 subjects, of whom 18% reported at least 1 BD episode at follow-up. The majority of these had been identified as at high/moderate or high risk (65%) at induction. Higher scores from the D-ARIANNA risk estimation model reflected an increase in the likelihood of BD. Additional risk factors such as high pocket money availability and alcohol expectancies influence the predictive ability of the model. CONCLUSIONS The D-ARIANNA model showed an appreciable, though modest, predictive ability for subsequent BD episodes. Post-hoc model showed slightly better predictive properties. Using up-to-date technology, D-ARIANNA appears an innovative and promising screening tool for BD among young people. Long-term impact remains to be established, and also the role of additional social and environmental factors.
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Swaim RC, Stanley LR. Effects of Family Conflict and Anger on Alcohol Use Among American Indian Students: Mediating Effects of Outcome Expectancies. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2018; 79:102-110. [PMID: 29227238 PMCID: PMC9798485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identification of etiologic mechanisms underlying alcohol use among American Indian adolescents is essential because of higher rates of use and earlier initiation. One path links positive outcome expectancies to increased use for reduction of negative affect. This study estimates relationships between two aspects of distress among American Indian high school students-family conflict and anger-and alcohol involvement, and it investigates whether outcome expectancies serve as a mediator between these facets of distress and alcohol use. METHOD Structural equation modeling evaluated study hypotheses among 975 female and 936 male American Indian 9th- through 12th-grade students residing on or near reservations. Students were from 17 high schools recruited across six geographic regions where American Indians on reservations reside. Separate models were assessed for male and female students. RESULTS Outcome expectancies mediated the relationship between both anger and family conflict for female students, but only for anger among male students. Full mediation was found for all significant effects. CONCLUSIONS For female American Indian high school students, anger and family conflict operate in large degree through outcome expectancies for alcohol use. A similar effect is found for male students for anger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall C. Swaim
- Tri-Ethnic Center for Prevention Research, Department of Psychology, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado,Correspondence may be sent to Randall C. Swaim at the Tri-Ethnic Center for prevention Research, Department of psychology, Colorado State University, 106 Sage Hall, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1879, or via email at:
| | - Linda R. Stanley
- Tri-Ethnic Center for Prevention Research, Department of Psychology, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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14
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Tyler KA, Schmitz RM, Ray CM, Simons LG. The Role of Entitlement, Self-Control, and Risk Behaviors on Dating Violence Perpetration. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2017; 32:1079-1095. [PMID: 29021012 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-16-00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dating violence continues to be pervasive among college students (Stappenbeck & Fromme, 2010). Given the paucity of research investigating the various pathways through which risk factors are linked to dating violence among different college campuses, we use multiple group path analysis to examine the role of child abuse, self-control, entitlement, and risky behaviors on dating violence perpetration among college students from one Southeastern and one Midwestern university. There were 1,482 college students (51% female) enrolled in undergraduate courses at 2 large public universities who completed paper and pencil surveys. Dating violence perpetration was directly associated with gender, child physical abuse, and sexual and drug risk behaviors and indirectly associated with college Greek letter fraternity affiliation, self-control, and entitlement. Moreover, significant differences in the pathways to dating violence were found between the Southeast and Midwest campuses.
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15
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Tyler KA, Schmitz RM, Adams SA. Alcohol Expectancy, Drinking Behavior, and Sexual Victimization Among Female and Male College Students. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2017; 32:2298-2322. [PMID: 26130688 DOI: 10.1177/0886260515591280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
College students have high rates of heavy drinking, and this dangerous behavior is strongly linked to sexual victimization. Although research has examined risk factors for sexual assault, few studies have simultaneously studied the various pathways through which risks may affect sexual assault and how these pathways may be uniquely different among females and males. As such, the current study uses path analyses to examine whether alcohol expectancies mediate the relationship between social factors (e.g., hooking up, amount friends drink) and drinking behavior and experiencing sexual victimization, and whether drinking behavior mediates the relationship between alcohol expectancies and sexual victimization among a college sample of 704 males and females from a large Midwestern university. For both females and males, sexual victimization was positively associated with child sexual abuse, hooking up more often, and heavier drinking, whereas greater alcohol expectancies were associated with sexual victimization only for females. Several mediating pathways were found for both females and males. Gender comparisons revealed that some of the pathways to sexual victimization such as hooking up, amount friends drink, and housing type operated differently for females and males.
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Frings D, Albery IP, Rolph K, Leczfalvy A, Smaczny S, Moss AC. Dyads experience over confidence in hand-eye coordination skills after placebo alcohol. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Frings
- Division of Psychology; London South Bank University
| | - Ian P. Albery
- Division of Psychology; London South Bank University
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Tyler KA, Schmitz RM, Adams SA, Simons LG. Social factors, alcohol expectancy, and drinking behavior: A comparison of two college campuses. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2016.1223762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A. Tyler
- Department of Sociology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Rachel M. Schmitz
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Scott A. Adams
- Department of Sociology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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Harding FM, Hingson RW, Klitzner M, Mosher JF, Brown J, Vincent RM, Dahl E, Cannon CL. Underage Drinking: A Review of Trends and Prevention Strategies. Am J Prev Med 2016; 51:S148-57. [PMID: 27476384 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Underage drinking and its associated problems have profound negative consequences for underage drinkers themselves, their families, their communities, and society as a whole, and contribute to a wide range of costly health and social problems. There is increased risk of negative consequences with heavy episodic or binge drinking. Alcohol is a factor related to approximately 4,300 deaths among underage youths in the U.S. every year. Since the mid-1980s, the nation has launched aggressive underage drinking prevention efforts at the federal, state, and local levels, and national epidemiologic data suggest that these efforts are having positive effects. For example, since 1982, alcohol-related traffic deaths among youth aged 16-20 years have declined by 79%. Evidence-based or promising strategies for reducing underage drinking include those that limit the physical, social, and economic availability of alcohol to youth, make it illegal for drivers aged <21 years to drive after drinking, and provide mechanisms for early identification of problem drinkers. Strategies may be implemented through a comprehensive prevention approach including policies and their enforcement, public awareness and education, action by community coalitions, and early brief alcohol intervention and referral programs. This paper focuses on underage drinking laws and their enforcement because these constitute perhaps the most fundamental component of efforts to limit youth access to and use of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances M Harding
- Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Ralph W Hingson
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Jorielle Brown
- Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Robert M Vincent
- Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), Rockville, Maryland.
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Borsari B, Merrill JE, Yurasek A, Miller MB, Carey KB. Does a Brief Motivational Intervention Reduce Frequency of Pregaming in Mandated Students? Subst Use Misuse 2016; 51:1056-66. [PMID: 27070727 PMCID: PMC4884148 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2016.1152494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregaming, also known as frontloading or predrinking, is a common but risky drinking behavior among college students. However, little is known about the way in which a brief motivational intervention (BMI) addressing general alcohol use and consequences may impact pregaming frequency. OBJECTIVES This study examined whether mandated students reduced frequency of pregaming following a BMI when pregaming was spontaneously discussed and whether gender moderated these effects. METHODS Participants (n = 269, 32% female) were mandated college students who had received a campus-based alcohol citation and continued to exhibit risky alcohol use six weeks after receiving a brief advice session. Participants were randomized to a brief motivational intervention (BMI, n = 145) or assessment only (AO, n = 124) and completed follow-up assessments at 3, 6, and 9 months postintervention. Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) was used to examine both between-person (Level 2) effects (i.e., condition) and within-person (Level 1) effects (i.e., time) on pregaming frequency. Analyses examining discussions of pregaming within the BMI were conducted using a subsample of the BMI sessions which had been transcribed (n = 121). RESULTS Participants in the BMI group did not significantly reduce the frequency of pregaming compared to those in the AO group, even when pregaming was explicitly discussed during the BMI. Moreover, the BMI was equally ineffective at reducing pregaming frequency for both males and females. Conclusion/Importance: Pregaming frequency appears to be resistant to conventional intervention efforts, but recent research suggests several innovative strategies for addressing pregaming in the college student population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Borsari
- a Mental Health and Behavioral Sciences Service , Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Providence , Rhode Island , USA.,b Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences , Brown University, Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | - Jennifer E Merrill
- b Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences , Brown University, Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | - Ali Yurasek
- b Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences , Brown University, Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | - Mary Beth Miller
- b Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences , Brown University, Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | - Kate B Carey
- b Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences , Brown University, Providence , Rhode Island , USA
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Leslie EM, Smirnov A, Cherney A, Wells H, Kemp R, Legosz M, Najman JM. Engagement with different nightlife venues and frequent ecstasy use in a young adult population. DRUGS: EDUCATION, PREVENTION AND POLICY 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/09687637.2015.1006179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M. Leslie
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia,
- Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia,
| | - Andrew Smirnov
- Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia,
| | - Adrian Cherney
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia,
| | - Helene Wells
- Crime and Misconduct Commission, Queensland, Australia,
- Griffith Youth Forensic Service, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia,
| | - Robert Kemp
- Drug Harm Reduction Branch, Queensland Health, Queensland, Australia, and
| | - Margot Legosz
- Crime and Misconduct Commission, Queensland, Australia,
- Arts, Education, and Law, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jake M. Najman
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia,
- Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia,
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Monk RL, Heim D. A Real-Time Examination of Context Effects on Alcohol Cognitions. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38:2454-9. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Monk
- Department of Psychology; Edge Hill University; Ormskirk Lancashire United Kingdom
| | - Derek Heim
- Department of Psychology; Edge Hill University; Ormskirk Lancashire United Kingdom
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Iwamoto DK, Corbin W, Lejuez C, MacPherson L. College Men and Alcohol Use: Positive Alcohol Expectancies as a Mediator Between Distinct Masculine Norms and Alcohol Use. PSYCHOLOGY OF MEN & MASCULINITY 2014; 15:29-39. [PMID: 25705133 DOI: 10.1037/a0031594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
College men are more likely to engage in health-compromising behaviors including risky drinking behavior, and experience more alcohol-related problems, including violence and arrest, as compared to women. The study of masculine norms or societal expectations, defined as beliefs and values about what it means to be a man, is one promising area of investigation that may help explain within-group differences and differential rates of alcohol use among men. Using the gender social learning model, we investigated the role of positive alcohol expectancies as an underlying mediator between masculine norms and alcohol use among college men. Data from 804 college adult men (Mean age = 20.43) were collected through a web-based assessment. Participants completed a self-report measure of binge drinking, frequency of drinking, quantity of drinks, conformity to masculine norms, and positive alcohol expectancies measures. Structural equation modeling was used to examine relations between masculine norms, alcohol expectancies and alcohol use. The masculine norms of "Playboy" and Risk-Taking were positively related to heavy alcohol use, while Emotional Control and Heterosexual Presentation were both negatively associated with alcohol use, after controlling for fraternity Greek status and positive expectancies. Playboy and Winning norms were positively associated with positive expectancies while Power Over Women was inversely related to positive expectancies which, in turn, were associated with heavier alcohol use. This study was a novel exploration into the multiple pathways and mediators through which positive alcohol expectancies may help explain and provide specificity to the masculinity and alcohol use relationship among college men.
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McBride NM, Barrett B, Moore KA, Schonfeld L. The role of positive alcohol expectancies in underage binge drinking among college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2014; 62:370-379. [PMID: 24678848 PMCID: PMC4134756 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2014.907297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored associations between positive alcohol expectancies, and demographics, as well as academic status and binge drinking among underage college students. PARTICIPANTS A sample of 1,553 underage college students at 3 public universities and 1 college in the Southeast who completed the Core Alcohol and Drug Survey in the Spring 2013 semester. METHODS A series of bivariate analyses and logistic regression models were used to examine associations between demographic and academic status variables as well as positive alcohol expectancies with self-reported binge drinking. Positive alcohol expectancies were examined in multivariable models via 2 factors derived from principal component analyses. RESULTS Students who endorsed higher agreement of these 2 emergent factors (sociability, sexuality) were more likely to report an occurrence of binge drinking in the past 2 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Study results document associations between positive alcohol expectancies and binge drinking among underage students; implications for prevention and treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. McBride
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Blake Barrett
- Department of Mental Health Law & Policy, Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kathleen A. Moore
- Department of Mental Health Law & Policy, Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Lawrence Schonfeld
- Department of Mental Health Law & Policy, Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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Glanton CF, Wulfert E. The relationship between parental alcohol use and college students' alcohol-related cognitions. Addict Behav 2013; 38:2761-7. [PMID: 23954562 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study examined how parental and cognitive factors are structurally related to college students' intention to drink alcohol as well as possible gender differences in these relationships. Multiple-group comparison was used in structural equation modeling to assess data-to-model fit of the hypothesized model. Perceived parental alcohol use, positive expectancies, abstinence self-efficacy in social situations, and intent to drink alcohol were structurally modeled and examined in 714 college students based on self-report measures. Results showed good fit of the hypothesized model in both men and women. Invariance of model fit was found across genders, although a more detailed analysis of the results suggested gender-specific influence of parental alcohol use over students' cognitions. Perceptions of greater parental alcohol use were associated with higher positive expectancies for alcohol use, which, in turn, were significantly related to lower drink refusal self-efficacy. Both higher expectancies and lower refusal self-efficacy were related to the intention for future use. Results of the study shed light on the development of alcohol-related cognitions in male and female college students and contribute to our understanding of the structural relationship between expectancies and self-efficacy in alcohol use.
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Abstract
To assess the validity of the research into alcohol-related outcome expectancies a systematic review of 80 articles published between 1970 and 2013 was conducted. Participant gender, age, and contextual influences are highlighted as possible causes of the observed variations in research findings. There is a need for fuller consideration of the influences of demographics and environmental and social contexts on research findings. It is recommended that alcohol intake measures should be standardized to a greater degree in future research. Contextual influences on expectancies also require extensive future investigation to increase the validity of research and improve alcohol-related interventions.
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Madson MB, Moorer KD, Zeigler-Hill V, Bonnell MA, Villarosa M. Alcohol expectancies, protective behavioral strategies, and alcohol-related outcomes: A moderated mediation study. DRUGS-EDUCATION PREVENTION AND POLICY 2013. [DOI: 10.3109/09687637.2013.766788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Moorer KD, Madson MB, Mohn RS, Nicholson BC. Alcohol consumption and negative sex-related consequences among college women: the moderating role of alcohol protective behavioral strategies. JOURNAL OF DRUG EDUCATION 2013; 43:365-383. [PMID: 25445810 DOI: 10.2190/de.43.4.e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol protective behavioral strategies (PBS) limit overall negative consequences; however, less is known about the relationship between PBS and negative sex-related consequences. The purpose of the current study was to examine the moderating effects of 2 distinct types of PBS-controlled consumption strategies and serious harm reduction strategies-on the relationship between alcohol consumption and alcohol-related risky sexual behavior and sexual victimization. Participants were 459 undergraduate women (ages 18-25) who had consumed alcohol within the past 30 days. Both types of PBS significantly qualified the alcohol-sexual victimization link, but neither type of PBS qualified the alcohol-risky sexual behavior link.
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LaBrie JW, Hummer JF, Pedersen ER, Lac A, Chithambo T. Measuring college students' motives behind prepartying drinking: development and validation of the prepartying motivations inventory. Addict Behav 2012; 37:962-9. [PMID: 22564754 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Drinking motives are vital in identifying risk factors and better understanding alcohol-related outcomes. However, context-specific motivations could provide greater motivational perspective on high-risk context-specific alcohol use behaviors such as prepartying (consuming alcohol prior to attending one's intended destination) than general alcohol motivations. In the current study, students' open-ended responses to reasons for prepartying were collected from a large diverse sample (n=2497), and the most commonly offered reasons were used to create a prepartying motivations inventory (PMI) that was then administered to a different sample (n=1085). A split-half validation procedure was used for the purpose of evaluating the PMI's factor structure. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses yielded a final 16-item measure consisting of four distinct, but inter-related, factors: Interpersonal Enhancement, Situational Control, Intimate Pursuit, and Barriers to Consumption. Internal consistency reliability, discriminant validity, and criterion-related validity were empirically demonstrated. Results support the notion that individuals preparty for a variety of reasons that are distinct from general motives. Researchers are encouraged to use the PMI in future research with young adults to provide further understanding of prepartying behavior and its psychosocial correlates.
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Ménard KS, Pincus AL. Predicting overt and cyber stalking perpetration by male and female college students. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2012; 27:2183-207. [PMID: 22203630 DOI: 10.1177/0886260511432144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, self-report student surveys on early childhood maltreatment, attachment styles, alcohol expectancies, and narcissistic personality traits are examined to determine their influence on stalking behavior. Two subtypes of stalking were measured using Spitzberg and Cupach's (2008) Obsessive Relational Intrusion: cyber stalking (one scale) and overt stalking (comprised of all remaining scales). As t tests indicated that men and women differed significantly on several variables, OLS regression models were run separately for men (N = 807) and women (N = 934). Results indicated that childhood sexual maltreatment predicted both forms of stalking for men and women. For men, narcissistic vulnerability and its interaction with sexual abuse predicted stalking behavior (overt stalking R² = 16% and cyber stalking R² = 11%). For women, insecure attachment (for both types of stalking) and alcohol expectancies (for cyber stalking) predicted stalking behavior (overt stalking R² = 4% and cyber stalking R² = 9%). We discuss the methodological and policy implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim S Ménard
- Penn State University-Altoona, 101H Cypress Building, 3000 Ivyside Park, Altoona, PA 16601-3760, USA.
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Scott DM. Magnitude of the problem of drinking alcohol on college campuses, commentary on "Structuring a college alcohol prevention program on the low level of response to alcohol model: a pilot model". Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2012; 36:1126-30. [PMID: 22591168 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01828.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this commentary is to discuss the significance of the study entitled, "Structuring a College Alcohol Prevention Program on the Low Level of Response to Alcohol Model: A Pilot Model" by Schuckit and colleagues (2012) published in this issue of the Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. The work by Schuckit and colleagues emphasizes the importance of personalizing an alcohol prevention program for college students. METHODS This pilot model is the result of over 30 years of clinical translational research on an individual's level of response to alcohol. The prevention program is efficient, simple, safe, cost-effective and self-directed. RESULTS The results indicate the computerized intervention was associated with decreases in drinking overall and students with a low level of response to alcohol showed greater decreases when the prevention program is personalized to focus on how level of response is affected by peer influence, alcohol expectancies, and stress management. It concludes that college students with a low level of response to alcohol will benefit from a prevention program that is personalized to this well documented endophenotype. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide the foundation for developing future longitudinal studies of the proposed prevention program with a larger sample size on diverse campuses. In addition, as mentioned in the Discussion section, future studies could also evaluate the effectiveness of other easily measured clinical endophenotypes known to be associated with alcohol use such as impulsivity, negative effect, and maximum number of drinks per occasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise M Scott
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics (DMS), Howard University Alcohol Research Center, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
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