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Zhang W, Gorelik AJ, Wang Q, Norton SA, Hershey T, Agrawal A, Bijsterbosch JD, Bogdan R. Associations between COVID-19 and putative markers of neuroinflammation: A diffusion basis spectrum imaging study. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 36:100722. [PMID: 38298902 PMCID: PMC10825665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 remains a significant international public health concern. Yet, the mechanisms through which symptomatology emerges remain poorly understood. While SARS-CoV-2 infection may induce prolonged inflammation within the central nervous system, the evidence primarily stems from limited small-scale case investigations. To address this gap, our study capitalized on longitudinal UK Biobank neuroimaging data acquired prior to and following COVID-19 testing (N = 416 including n = 224 COVID-19 cases; Mage = 58.6). Putative neuroinflammation was assessed in gray matter structures and white matter tracts using non-invasive Diffusion Basis Spectrum Imaging (DBSI), which estimates inflammation-related cellularity (DBSI-restricted fraction; DBSI-RF) and vasogenic edema (DBSI-hindered fraction; DBSI-HF). We hypothesized that COVID-19 case status would be associated with increases in DBSI markers after accounting for potential confound (age, sex, race, body mass index, smoking frequency, and data acquisition interval) and multiple testing. COVID-19 case status was not significantly associated with DBSI-RF (|β|'s < 0.28, pFDR >0.05), but with greater DBSI-HF in left pre- and post-central gyri and right middle frontal gyrus (β's > 0.3, all pFDR = 0.03). Intriguingly, the brain areas exhibiting increased putative vasogenic edema had previously been linked to COVID-19-related functional and structural alterations, whereas brain regions displaying subtle differences in cellularity between COVID-19 cases and controls included regions within or functionally connected to the olfactory network, which has been implicated in COVID-19 psychopathology. Nevertheless, our study might not have captured acute and transitory neuroinflammatory effects linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection, possibly due to symptom resolution before the imaging scan. Future research is warranted to explore the potential time- and symptom-dependent neuroinflammatory relationship with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Aaron J. Gorelik
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Qing Wang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sara A. Norton
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Tamara Hershey
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Janine D. Bijsterbosch
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Zhang W, Gorelik AJ, Wang Q, Norton SA, Hershey T, Agrawal A, Bijsterbosch JD, Bogdan R. Associations between COVID-19 and putative markers of neuroinflammation: A diffusion basis spectrum imaging study. bioRxiv 2023:2023.07.20.549891. [PMID: 37502886 PMCID: PMC10370178 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.20.549891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 remains a significant international public health concern. Yet, the mechanisms through which symptomatology emerges remain poorly understood. While SARS-CoV-2 infection may induce prolonged inflammation within the central nervous system, the evidence primarily stems from limited small-scale case investigations. To address this gap, our study capitalized on longitudinal UK Biobank neuroimaging data acquired prior to and following COVID-19 testing (N=416 including n=224 COVID-19 cases; Mage=58.6). Putative neuroinflammation was assessed in gray matter structures and white matter tracts using non-invasive Diffusion Basis Spectrum Imaging (DBSI), which estimates inflammation-related cellularity (DBSI-restricted fraction; DBSI-RF) and vasogenic edema (DBSI-hindered fraction; DBSI-HF).We hypothesized that COVID-19 case status would be associated with increases in DBSI markers after accounting for potential confound (age, sex, race, body mass index, smoking frequency, and data acquisition interval) and multiple testing. COVID-19 case status was not significantly associated with DBSI-RF (|β|'s<0.28, pFDR >0.05), but with greater DBSI-HF in left pre- and post-central gyri and right middle frontal gyrus (β's>0.3, all pFDR=0.03). Intriguingly, the brain areas exhibiting increased putative vasogenic edema had previously been linked to COVID-19-related functional and structural alterations, whereas brain regions displaying subtle differences in cellularity between COVID-19 cases and controls included regions within or functionally connected to the olfactory network, which has been implicated in COVID-19 psychopathology. Nevertheless, our study might not have captured acute and transitory neuroinflammatory effects linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection, possibly due to symptom resolution before the imaging scan. Future research is warranted to explore the potential time- and symptom-dependent neuroinflammatory relationship with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Aaron J Gorelik
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Qing Wang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sara A Norton
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Tamara Hershey
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Janine D Bijsterbosch
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Singh MK, Gorelik AJ, Stave C, Gotlib IH. Genetics, epigenetics, and neurobiology of childhood-onset depression: an umbrella review. Mol Psychiatry 2023:10.1038/s41380-023-02347-x. [PMID: 38102485 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02347-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a serious and persistent psychiatric disorder that commonly first manifests during childhood. Depression that starts in childhood is increasing in frequency, likely due both to evolutionary trends and to increased recognition of the disorder. In this umbrella review, we systematically searched the extant literature for genetic, epigenetic, and neurobiological factors that contribute to a childhood onset of depression. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, OVID/PsychInfo, and Google Scholar with the following inclusion criteria: (1) systematic review or meta-analysis from a peer-reviewed journal; (2) inclusion of a measure assessing early age of onset of depression; and (3) assessment of neurobiological, genetic, environmental, and epigenetic predictors of early onset depression. Findings from 89 systematic reviews of moderate to high quality suggest that childhood-onset depressive disorders have neurobiological, genetic, environmental, and epigenetic roots consistent with a diathesis-stress theory of depression. This review identified key putative markers that may be targeted for personalized clinical decision-making and provide important insights concerning candidate mechanisms that might underpin the early onset of depression.
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Gorelik AJ, Paul SE, Miller AP, Baranger DAA, Lin S, Zhang W, Elsayed NM, Modi H, Addala P, Bijsterbosch J, Barch DM, Karcher NR, Hatoum AS, Agrawal A, Bogdan R, Johnson EC. Associations Between Polygenic Scores for Cognitive and Non-cognitive Factors of Educational Attainment and Measures of Behavior, Psychopathology, and Neuroimaging in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. medRxiv 2023:2023.10.27.23297675. [PMID: 37961716 PMCID: PMC10635216 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.27.23297675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Both cognitive and non-cognitive (e.g., traits like curiosity) factors are critical for social and emotional functioning and independently predict educational attainment. These factors are heritable and genetically correlated with a range of health-relevant traits and behaviors in adulthood (e.g., risk-taking, psychopathology). However, whether these associations are present during adolescence, and to what extent these relationships diverge, could have implications for adolescent health and well-being. Methods Using data from 5,517 youth of European ancestry from the ongoing Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study, we examined associations between polygenic scores (PGS) for cognitive and non-cognitive factors and outcomes related to cognition, socioeconomic status, risk tolerance and decision-making, substance initiation, psychopathology, and brain structure. Results Cognitive and non-cognitive PGSs were both positively associated with cognitive performance and family income, and negatively associated with ADHD and severity of psychotic-like experiences. The cognitive PGS was also associated with greater risk-taking, delayed discounting, and anorexia, as well as lower likelihood of nicotine initiation. The cognitive PGS was further associated with cognition scores and anorexia in within-sibling analyses, suggesting these results do not solely reflect the effects of assortative mating or passive gene-environment correlations. The cognitive PGS showed significantly stronger associations with cortical volumes than the non-cognitive PGS and was associated with right hemisphere caudal anterior cingulate and pars-orbitalis in within-sibling analyses, while the non-cognitive PGS showed stronger associations with white matter fractional anisotropy and a significant within-sibling association for right superior corticostriate-frontal cortex. Conclusions Our findings suggest that PGSs for cognitive and non-cognitive factors show similar associations with cognition and socioeconomic status as well as other psychosocial outcomes, but distinct associations with regional neural phenotypes in this adolescent sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Gorelik
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah E Paul
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alex P Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David A A Baranger
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shuyu Lin
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Nourhan M Elsayed
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hailey Modi
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pooja Addala
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Janine Bijsterbosch
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nicole R Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexander S Hatoum
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Emma C Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Baranger DA, Miller AP, Gorelik AJ, Paul SE, Hatoum AS, Johnson EC, Colbert SM, Smyser CD, Rogers CE, Bijsterbosch JD, Agrawal A, Bogdan R. Prenatal cannabis exposure is associated with localized brain differences that partially mediate associations with increased adolescent psychopathology. medRxiv 2023:2023.09.19.23295792. [PMID: 37790406 PMCID: PMC10543205 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.19.23295792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE) is associated with mental health problems, but the neurobiological mechanisms remain unknown. We find that PCE is associated with localized differences across neuroimaging metrics that longitudinally mediate associations with mental health in adolescence (n=9,322-10,186). Differences in brain development may contribute to PCE-related variability in adolescent mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Aa Baranger
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Alex P Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Aaron J Gorelik
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Sarah E Paul
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Alexander S Hatoum
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Emma C Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Sarah Mc Colbert
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher D Smyser
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cynthia E Rogers
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Janine D Bijsterbosch
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
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6
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Gorelik AJ, Paul SE, Karcher NR, Johnson EC, Nagella I, Blaydon L, Modi H, Hansen IS, Colbert SMC, Baranger DAA, Norton SA, Spears I, Gordon B, Zhang W, Hill PL, Oltmanns TF, Bijsterbosch JD, Agrawal A, Hatoum AS, Bogdan R. A Phenome-Wide Association Study (PheWAS) of Late Onset Alzheimer Disease Genetic Risk in Children of European Ancestry at Middle Childhood: Results from the ABCD Study. Behav Genet 2023; 53:249-264. [PMID: 37071275 PMCID: PMC10309061 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-023-10140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Genetic risk for Late Onset Alzheimer Disease (AD) has been associated with lower cognition and smaller hippocampal volume in healthy young adults. However, whether these and other associations are present during childhood remains unclear. Using data from 5556 genomically-confirmed European ancestry youth who completed the baseline session of the ongoing the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study (ABCD Study®), our phenome-wide association study estimating associations between four indices of genetic risk for late-onset AD (i.e., AD polygenic risk scores (PRS), APOE rs429358 genotype, AD PRS with the APOE region removed (ADPRS-APOE), and an interaction between ADPRS-APOE and APOE genotype) and 1687 psychosocial, behavioral, and neural phenotypes revealed no significant associations after correction for multiple testing (all ps > 0.0002; all pfdr > 0.07). These data suggest that AD genetic risk may not phenotypically manifest during middle-childhood or that effects are smaller than this sample is powered to detect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Gorelik
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Booking Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Sarah E Paul
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Booking Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Nicole R Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Emma C Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Isha Nagella
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Booking Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Lauren Blaydon
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Booking Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Hailey Modi
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Booking Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Isabella S Hansen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah M C Colbert
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David A A Baranger
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Booking Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Sara A Norton
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Booking Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Isaiah Spears
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Booking Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Brian Gordon
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Ave, Box 8225, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Ave, Box 8225, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Patrick L Hill
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Booking Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Thomas F Oltmanns
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Booking Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Janine D Bijsterbosch
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Ave, Box 8225, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexander S Hatoum
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Booking Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Booking Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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7
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Johnson EC, Paul SE, Baranger DAA, Hatoum AS, Colbert SMC, Lin S, Wolff R, Gorelik AJ, Hansen I, Karcher NR, Bogdan R, Agrawal A. Characterizing Alcohol Expectancies in the ABCD Study: Associations with Sociodemographic Factors, the Immediate Social Environment, and Genetic Propensities. Behav Genet 2023; 53:265-278. [PMID: 36662388 PMCID: PMC10159951 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-023-10133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol expectancies (AEs) are associated with likelihood of alcohol initiation and subsequent alcohol use disorders. It is unclear whether genetic predisposition to alcohol use and/or related traits contributes to shaping how one expects to feel when drinking alcohol. We used the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study to examine associations between genetic propensities (i.e., polygenic risk for problematic alcohol use, depression, risk-taking), sociodemographic factors (i.e., parent income), and the immediate social environment (i.e., peer use and disapproval toward alcohol) and positive and negative AEs in alcohol-naïve children (max analytic N = 5,352). Mixed-effect regression models showed that age, parental education, importance of the child's religious beliefs, adverse childhood experiences, and peer disapproval of alcohol use were associated with positive and/or negative AEs, to varying degrees. Overall, our results suggest several familial and psychosocial predictors of AEs but little evidence of contributions from polygenic liability to problematic alcohol use or related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Sarah E Paul
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David A A Baranger
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexander S Hatoum
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah M C Colbert
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Shuyu Lin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel Wolff
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aaron J Gorelik
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Isabella Hansen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nicole R Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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8
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Jirsaraie RJ, Gorelik AJ, Gatavins MM, Engemann DA, Bogdan R, Barch DM, Sotiras A. A systematic review of multimodal brain age studies: Uncovering a divergence between model accuracy and utility. Patterns (N Y) 2023; 4:100712. [PMID: 37123443 PMCID: PMC10140612 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2023.100712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Brain aging is a complex, multifaceted process that can be challenging to model in ways that are accurate and clinically useful. One of the most common approaches has been to apply machine learning to neuroimaging data with the goal of predicting age in a data-driven manner. Building on initial brain age studies that were derived solely from T1-weighted scans (i.e., unimodal), recent studies have incorporated features across multiple imaging modalities (i.e., "multimodal"). In this systematic review, we show that unimodal and multimodal models have distinct advantages. Multimodal models are the most accurate and sensitive to differences in chronic brain disorders. In contrast, unimodal models from functional magnetic resonance imaging were most sensitive to differences across a broad array of phenotypes. Altogether, multimodal imaging has provided us valuable insight for improving the accuracy of brain age models, but there is still much untapped potential with regard to achieving widespread clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Jirsaraie
- Division of Computational and Data Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aaron J. Gorelik
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Martins M. Gatavins
- Division of Computational and Data Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Undergraduate Neuroscience Program, School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Denis A. Engemann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inria, CEA, Palaiseau, France
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aristeidis Sotiras
- Department of Radiology and Institute for Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Corresponding author
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9
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Paul SE, Colbert SM, Gorelik AJ, Hansen IS, Nagella I, Blaydon L, Hornstein A, Johnson EC, Hatoum AS, Baranger DA, Elsayed NM, Barch DM, Bogdan R, Karcher NR. Phenome-wide Investigation of Behavioral, Environmental, and Neural Associations with Cross-Disorder Genetic Liability in Youth of European Ancestry. medRxiv 2023:2023.02.10.23285783. [PMID: 36824847 PMCID: PMC9949197 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.10.23285783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Etiologic insights into psychopathology may be gained by using hypothesis-free methods to identify associations between genetic risk for broad psychopathology and phenotypes measured during adolescence, including both markers of child psychopathology and intermediate phenotypes such as neural structure that may link genetic risk with outcomes. We conducted a phenome-wide association study (phenotype n=1,269-1,694) of polygenic risk scores (PRS) for broad spectrum psychopathology (i.e., Compulsive, Psychotic, Neurodevelopmental, and Internalizing) in youth of PCA-selected European ancestry (n=5,556; ages 9-13) who completed the baseline and/or two-year follow-up of the ongoing Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development℠ (ABCD) Study. We found that Neurodevelopmental and Internalizing PRS were significantly associated with a host of proximal as well as distal phenotypes (Neurodevelopmental: 187 and 211; Internalizing: 122 and 173 phenotypes at baseline and two-year follow-up, respectively), whereas Compulsive and Psychotic PRS showed zero and one significant associations, respectively, after Bonferroni correction. Neurodevelopmental PRS were further associated with brain structure metrics (e.g., total volume, mean right hemisphere cortical thickness), with only cortical volume indirectly linking Neurodevelopmental PRS to grades in school. Genetic variation influencing risk to psychopathology manifests broadly as behaviors, psychopathology symptoms, and related risk factors in middle childhood and early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Paul
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Sarah M.C. Colbert
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Aaron J. Gorelik
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Isabella S. Hansen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - I. Nagella
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - L. Blaydon
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - A. Hornstein
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Emma C. Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Alexander S. Hatoum
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - David A.A. Baranger
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Nourhan M. Elsayed
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Nicole R. Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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Nimarko AF, Gorelik AJ, Carta KE, Gorelik MG, Singh MK. Neural correlates of reward processing distinguish healthy youth at familial risk for bipolar disorder from youth at familial risk for major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:31. [PMID: 35075136 PMCID: PMC8786954 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01800-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Youth at familial risk for bipolar disorder (BD-risk) and major depressive disorder (MDD-risk) have aberrant reward processing, a core feature of these mood disorders. Whether BD risk differentiates from MDD risk in reward processing merits further study. We compared neural activation and connectivity during anticipation and outcome of monetary gain and loss during fMRI using the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) Task among BD-risk (n = 40), MDD-risk (n = 41), and healthy comparison youth (HC) (n = 45), in the absence of any lifetime or current history of psychopathology [mean age 13.09 ± 2.58, 56.3% female]. Participants completed the MID task at baseline and were followed for behavioral and clinical outcomes over 4.37 ± 2.29 years. Region-of-interest (ROI) analyses conducted using anatomically defined thalamus, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and putamen seeds showed that relative to MDD-risk and HC, BD-risk had decreased activation of the thalamus during anticipation of monetary gain [F(2,118) = 4.64, p = 0.01 (FDR-corrected p = 0.04)]. Psychophysiological interaction analyses revealed that BD-risk had less connectivity between the thalamus and left middle frontal gyrus (Z > 3.1, p < 0.001) and left-superior temporal gyrus (Z > 3.1, p < 0.05) compared with MDD-risk. Voxelwise, BD-risk had decreased activation in the cerebellum during anticipation and outcome of monetary gain relative to MDD-risk and HC (Z > 3.1, p < 0.001; Z > 3.1, p < 0.01). In BD-risk, decreased thalamic connectivity was associated with increased impulsivity at baseline and reduced prosocial behavior at follow-up. Reduced thalamic activation and connectivity during reward processing may distinguish familial risk for BD from familial risk for MDD and represent early markers of vulnerability that may herald social dysfunction later in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akua F. Nimarko
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA United States
| | - Aaron J. Gorelik
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA United States
| | - Kayla E. Carta
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA United States
| | - Mark G. Gorelik
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091University of Florida, Gainesville, FL United States
| | - Manpreet K. Singh
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA United States
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11
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Nimarko AF, Fischer AS, Hagan KE, Gorelik AJ, Lu Y, Young CJ, Singh MK. Neural Correlates of Positive Emotion Processing That Distinguish Healthy Youths at Familial Risk for Bipolar Versus Major Depressive Disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 60:887-901. [PMID: 32738282 PMCID: PMC7855111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2020.07.890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Familial risk for bipolar disorder (BD) or major depressive disorder (MDD) may lead to differential emotion processing signatures, resulting in unique neural vulnerability. METHOD Healthy offspring of a parent with BD (n = 29, "BD-risk") or MDD (n = 44, "MDD-risk") and healthy control youths without any personal or family psychopathology (n = 28, "HC") aged 8 to 17 years (13.64 ± 2.59 years) completed an implicit emotion-perception functional magnetic resonance imaging task. Whole-brain voxelwise and psychophysiological interaction analyses examined neural differences in activation and connectivity during emotion processing. Regression modeling tested for neural associations with behavioral strengths and difficulties and conversion to psychopathology at follow-up (3.71 ± 1.91 years). RESULTS BD-risk youth showed significantly reduced bilateral putamen activation, and decreased connectivity between the left putamen and the left ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC) and the right posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) during positive-valence emotion processing compared to MDD-risk and HC (Z >2.3; p <.001). Decreased left putamen-right PCC connectivity correlated with subsequent peer problems in BD-risk (β = -2.90; p <.05) and MDD-risk (β = -3.64; p < .05) groups. Decreased left (β = -0.09; p < .05) and right putamen activation (β = -0.07; p = .04) were associated with conversion to a mood or anxiety disorder in BD-risk youths. Decreased left putamen-right PCC connectivity was associated with a higher risk of conversion in BD-risk (HR = 8.28 , p < .01) and MDD-risk (HR = 2.31, p = .02) groups. CONCLUSION Reduced putamen activation and connectivity during positive emotion processing appear to distinguish BD-risk youths from MDD-risk and HC youths, and may represent a marker of vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yvonne Lu
- Stanford University School of Medicine, California
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12
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Singh MK, Nimarko AF, Garrett AS, Gorelik AJ, Roybal DJ, Walshaw PD, Chang KD, Miklowitz DJ. Changes in Intrinsic Brain Connectivity in Family-Focused Therapy Versus Standard Psychoeducation Among Youths at High Risk for Bipolar Disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 60:458-469. [PMID: 32745598 PMCID: PMC7854810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2020.07.892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We compared intrinsic network connectivity in symptomatic youths at high risk (HR) for bipolar disorder (BD) and healthy comparison (HC) youths. In HR youths, we also investigated treatment-related changes in intrinsic connectivity after family-focused therapy for high-risk youths (FFT-HR) vs standardized family psychoeducation. METHOD HR youths (N = 34; age 9-17 years; mean 14 years, 56% girls and 44% boys) with depressive and/or hypomanic symptoms and at least 1 first- or second-degree relative with BD I or II were randomly assigned to 4 months of FFT-HR (12 sessions of psychoeducation, communication, and problem-solving skills training) or enhanced care (EC; 3 family and 3 individual psychoeducation sessions). Before and after 4 months of treatment, participants underwent resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). A whole-brain independent component analysis compared rs-fMRI networks in HR youths and 30 age-matched HC youths at a pretreatment baseline. Then we identified pretreatment to posttreatment (4-month) changes in network connectivity in HR youths receiving FFT-HR (n = 16) or EC (n = 18) and correlated these changes with depression improvement. RESULTS At baseline, HR youths had greater connectivity between the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and the anterior default mode network (aDMN) than did HCs (p = .004). Over 4 months of treatment, FFT-HR-assigned HR youths had increased VLPFC-aDMN connectivity from pre- to posttreatment (p = .003), whereas HR youths in EC showed no significant change over time (p = .11) (treatment by time interaction, t31 = 3.33, 95% CI = 0.27-1.14, p = .002]. Reduction in depression severity over 4 months inversely correlated with enhanced anterior DMN (r = -0.71) connectivity in the FFT-HR but not in the EC (r = -0.07) group (z = -2.17, p = .015). CONCLUSION Compared to standard psychoeducation, FFT-HR is associated with stronger connectivity between the VLPFC and aDMN, suggesting possible enhancements of self-awareness, illness awareness, and emotion regulation. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION Early Intervention for Youth at Risk for Bipolar Disorder; https://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT01483391.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amy S. Garrett
- University of Texas, Health Science Center at San Antonio
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13
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Sun KL, Watson KT, Angal S, Bakkila BF, Gorelik AJ, Leslie SM, Rasgon NL, Singh MK. Neural and Endocrine Correlates of Early Life Abuse in Youth With Depression and Obesity. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:721. [PMID: 30622489 PMCID: PMC6308296 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression and insulin resistance are becoming increasingly prevalent in younger populations. The origin and consequence of insulin resistance in depressed youth may, in part, be rooted in exposure to environmental stressors, such as early life abuse, that may lead to aberrant brain motivational networks mediating maladaptive food-seeking behaviors and insipient insulin resistance. In this paper, we aimed to investigate the impact of early life abuse on the development of insulin resistance in depressed and overweight youth aged 9 to 17 years. We hypothesized that youth with the greatest burden of early life abuse would have the highest levels of insulin resistance and corresponding aberrant reward network connectivities. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated sixty-nine depressed and overweight youth aged 9 to 17, using multimodal assessments of early life abuse, food-seeking behavior, and insulin resistance. Based on results of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), we separated our study participants into two groups: 35 youth who reported high levels of the sum of emotional, physical, or sexual abuse and 34 youth who reported insignificant or no levels of any abuse. Results of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and resting state functional connectivity (RSFC), using the amygdala, insula, and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) as seed-based reward network regions of interest, were analyzed for group differences between high abuse and low abuse groups. High abuse youth exhibited differences from low abuse youth in amygdala-precuneus, NAcc-paracingulate gyrus, and NAcc-prefrontal cortex connectivities, that correlated with levels of abuse experienced. The more different their connectivity from of that of low abuse youth, the higher were their fasting glucose and glucose at OGTT endpoint. Importantly, level of abuse moderated the relation between reward network connectivity and OGTT glucose response. In contrast, low abuse youth showed hyperinsulinemia and more insulin resistance than high abuse youth, and their higher OGTT insulin areas under the curve correlated with more negative insula-precuneus connectivity. Our findings suggest distinct neural and endocrine profiles of youth with depression and obesity based on their histories of early life abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Sun
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kathleen T Watson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sarthak Angal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Baylee F Bakkila
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Aaron J Gorelik
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sara M Leslie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Natalie L Rasgon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Manpreet K Singh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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