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Lindgren KP, Baldwin SA, Kross E, Ramirez JJ, Tristao T, Peterson KP, Teachman BA, Wiers RW, Neighbors C. Investigating cognitive and motivational proximal outcomes in a randomized clinical trial of writing about the future self to reduce drinking. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:1142-1154. [PMID: 38658188 PMCID: PMC11178456 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drinking identity (the extent to which one links the self with drinking alcohol) is a unique risk factor for college students' hazardous drinking that is not directly targeted by existing interventions. We conducted a study that aimed to decrease drinking identity among college students with hazardous drinking. We adapted a writing task about the future self and tested whether three writing sessions could decrease drinking identity and change drinking. We also investigated whether two additional factors (writing perspective and inclusion of participants' social networks) would enhance task impact. The present study evaluated whether posited proximal cognitive and motivational outcomes (drinking identity, self-efficacy, readiness to change, and drinking intentions) changed immediately after each writing session. METHOD The study is a randomized clinical trial in which hypotheses and analyses were pre-registered. Participants were 328 college students who met hazardous drinking criteria. The study had a 2 (narrative writing topic: low-risk drinker vs. reduced smartphone use) × 2 (writing perspective: first-person vs. non-first-person) × 2 (social network instruction: instructed to include vs. not) factorial design. Proximal outcomes were drinking identity, self-efficacy, readiness to change, and drinking intentions. The clinical outcome was alcohol consumption. Participants completed three laboratory sessions at weekly intervals that included the writing task and pre- and post-task assessments. RESULTS Results were largely null, except that readiness to reduce drinking was higher in the low-risk drinker condition and increased over the lab sessions. Time effects indicated that reductions in drinking identity, drinking intentions, and alcohol consumption, and increases in self-efficacy were observed but did not change above and beyond control conditions. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate the need to strengthen the writing task and select a more appropriate control task to target proposed proximal outcomes. Future studies might try personalizing the task, evaluating its efficacy with individuals motivated to change their drinking, and using a control task that does not involve imagining a future self.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen P. Lindgren
- Trauma Recovery & Resilience Innovations, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Scott A. Baldwin
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Ethan Kross
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jason J. Ramirez
- Trauma Recovery & Resilience Innovations, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ty Tristao
- Trauma Recovery & Resilience Innovations, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kirsten P. Peterson
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Bethany A. Teachman
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia USA
| | - Reinout W. Wiers
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Clayton Neighbors
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Lindgren KP, Baldwin SA, Kross E, Ramirez JJ, Peterson KP, Tristao T, Teachman BA, Wiers R, Neighbors C. Writing about the future self to shift drinking identity: An experimental investigation. Alcohol 2024; 116:35-45. [PMID: 37858781 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
College student drinking is prevalent and costly to public and personal health, leading to calls to identify and target novel mechanisms of behavior change. We aimed to manipulate drinking identity (a cognitive risk factor for hazardous drinking) via three sessions of narrative writing about a future self. We tested whether writing could shift drinking identity and would be accompanied by changes in alcohol consumption and problems. Participants were college students meeting hazardous drinking criteria (N = 328; Mage = 20.15; 59% women, 40% men, 1% gender-diverse; 60% white; 23% Asian; 12% multiple races; 2% other racial groups; 8% identified as Hispanic/Latino/a/x). The study had a 2 [narrative writing topic: low-risk drinker vs. reduced smartphone use] × 2 [writing perspective: first person vs. non-first-person] × 2 [social network instruction: instructed to include vs. not] factorial design. Outcomes were drinking identity, drinking refusal self-efficacy, alcohol consumption, alcohol-related problems, and craving. Participants completed three writing sessions and online follow-up assessments at 2, 4, and 12 weeks. The study is a registered clinical trial; hypotheses and analyses were preregistered (https://osf.io/vy2ep/). Contrary to predictions, narrative writing about a future self as a low-risk drinker did not significantly impact outcomes. Null results extended to expected interactions with writing perspective and social network instructions. The narrative writing task did not shift drinking or alcohol-related outcomes. Future experimental work may benefit from greater flexibility in conceptualizing a future self, recruiting individuals interested in behavior change, and more sensitive measures of drinking identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen P Lindgren
- Trauma Recovery & Resilience Innovations, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States.
| | - Scott A Baldwin
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States.
| | - Ethan Kross
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States.
| | - Jason J Ramirez
- Trauma Recovery & Resilience Innovations, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States.
| | - Kirsten P Peterson
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States.
| | - Ty Tristao
- Trauma Recovery & Resilience Innovations, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States.
| | - Bethany A Teachman
- Department of Psychology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States.
| | - Reinout Wiers
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Clayton Neighbors
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States.
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Ingram PF, Finn PR. The nomological network of drinker identity: A scoping review. Addict Behav 2023; 141:107654. [PMID: 36791641 PMCID: PMC10031804 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the growing interest in the construct of drinker identity and empirical evidence for its role in drinking behavior, there is a paucity of papers that evaluate and integrate the results of studies on drinker identity, leaving a gap in our knowledge of the importance of the drinker identity construct. The current paper addresses this gap by reviewing and integrating the results of the studies of drinker identity. METHODS The scoping review identified, retrieved, and evaluated the existing literature regarding drinker identity. English language studies from EBSCOHost, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases were reviewed. Studies were included in the review if they were data-based studies or theoretical publications with drinker identity as the primary topic published in peer-reviewed journals. Studies were reviewed and coded based on their reported methodology and findings and codes were used to integrate and present findings. RESULTS This review advances this line of research in four ways. First, the operationalization of drinker identity is evaluated by examining the theoretical frameworks defining the construct. Second, the conceptualization and measurement of drinker identity is assessed, with suggestions for future measurement research. Third, an integrated framework of predictors, outcomes, moderators, and mediators is presented. Finally, the research gaps, future recommendations, and clinical implications are discussed. CONCLUSIONS There is a need for continued research, specifically research which aims to standardize and improve measurement of drinker identity, considers longitudinal and developmental processes, and broadens the research samples and settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly F Ingram
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 1101 E 10th St, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States.
| | - Peter R Finn
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 1101 E 10th St, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
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Davidson L, Piatkowski T, Pocuca N, Hides L. Modelling the Relationship Between Environmental and Social Cognitive Determinants of Risky Drinking Among Emerging Adults. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Gómez Plata M, Laghi F, Zammuto M, Pastorelli C. Refusal self-efficacy and alcohol-related behaviours in community samples: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Rainisch BKW, Dahlman L, Vigil J, Forster M. Using a multi-module web-app to prevent substance use among students at a Hispanic Serving Institution: development and evaluation design. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1198. [PMID: 35705975 PMCID: PMC9202112 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13428-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite effective strategies to prevent substance use and substance use disorders among college students, challenges remain. As young adults' preference for and comfortability with web-based technology continues to increase, leveraging innovative approaches to rapidly evolving mHealth technology is critical for the success of lowering the risk for substance use and related consequences in college populations, and especially those at Hispanic Serving Institutions. Therefore, the present study describes the rationale, development, and design of iSTART, a novel web-app to prevent substance use among students. METHODS The web-app was developed following the intervention mapping protocol, and in collaboration with numerous stakeholders, including a community-based partner specializing in substance abuse prevention and treatment. A 30-day multi-module web-app intervention was developed based on key theoretical constructs, behavior change strategies, and practical module components: attitudes (knowledge), perceived susceptibility (risk perceptions), subjective norms (normative re-education), and self-efficacy (refusal skills). This intervention will be evaluated via a time series design using a sample of 600 students randomly assigned to either the intervention, comparison, or control condition at a public institution in southern California. DISCUSSION The iSTART web-app is an innovative and sustainable program ideal for college campuses with diverse student populations. If this prevention web-app is successful, it will significantly contribute to the evidence of effective substance use interventions in the college setting, and identify the benefits of mHealth programs to prevent future substance use. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05362357 retrospectively registered on May 4, 2022 on clinicaltrials.gov .
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany K W Rainisch
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, CA, 91330, USA.
| | - Linn Dahlman
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, CA, 91330, USA
| | - Jorge Vigil
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, CA, 91330, USA
| | - Myriam Forster
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, CA, 91330, USA
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van Keulen H, Voogt C, Kleinjan M, Kramer J, Andree R, van Empelen P. The development of a dynamically tailored mobile alcohol intervention entitled ‘What Do You Drink’ to reduce excessive drinking among Dutch lower educated (MBO) students aged 16 to 24 years: An Intervention Mapping approach (Preprint). JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e36969. [PMID: 35969428 PMCID: PMC9412899 DOI: 10.2196/36969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The high prevalence and adverse consequences of excessive drinking among lower-educated adolescents and young adults are public concerns in the Netherlands. Evidence-based alcohol prevention programs targeting adolescents and young adults with a low educational background are sparse. Objective This study aimed to describe the planned process for the theory- and evidence-based development, implementation, and evaluation of a dynamically tailored mobile alcohol intervention, entitled What Do You Drink (WDYD), aimed at lower-educated students from secondary vocational education and training (Middelbaar Beroepsonderwijs in Dutch). Methods We used intervention mapping as the framework for the systematic development of WDYD. It consists of the following six steps: assessing needs (step 1), formulating intervention objectives (step 2), translating theoretical methods into practical applications (step 3), integrating these into a coherent program (step 4), anticipating future implementation and adoption (step 5), and developing an evaluation plan (step 6). Results Reducing excessive drinking among Dutch lower-educated students aged 16 to 24 years was defined as the desired behavioral outcome and subdivided into the following five program objectives: make the decision to reduce drinking, set realistic drinking goals, use effective strategies to achieve drinking goals, monitor own drinking behavior, and evaluate own drinking behavior and adjust goals. Risk awareness, motivation, social norms, and self-efficacy were identified as the most important and changeable individual determinants related to excessive drinking and, therefore, were incorporated into WDYD. Dynamic tailoring was selected as the basic intervention method for changing these determinants. A user-centered design strategy was used to enhance the fit of the intervention to the needs of students. The intervention was developed in 4 iterations, and the prototypes were subsequently tested with the students and refined. This resulted in a completely automated, standalone native app in which students received dynamically tailored feedback regarding their alcohol use and goal achievement via multiple sessions within 17 weeks based on diary data assessing their alcohol consumption, motivation, confidence, and mood. A randomized controlled trial with ecological momentary assessments will be used to examine the effects, use, and acceptability of the intervention. Conclusions The use of intervention mapping led to the development of an innovative, evidence-based intervention to reduce excessive alcohol consumption among lower-educated Dutch adolescents and young adults. Developing an intervention based on theory and empirical evidence enables researchers and program planners to identify and retain effective intervention elements and to translate the intervention to new populations and settings. This is important, as black boxes, or poorly described interventions, have long been a criticism of the eHealth field, and effective intervention elements across mobile health alcohol interventions are still largely unknown. Trial Registration Netherlands Trial Registry NTR6619; https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NTR6619
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde van Keulen
- Department of Child Health, TNO (Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Carmen Voogt
- Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute for Mental Health and Addiction), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marloes Kleinjan
- Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute for Mental Health and Addiction), Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jeannet Kramer
- Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute for Mental Health and Addiction), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rosa Andree
- Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute for Mental Health and Addiction), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pepijn van Empelen
- Department of Child Health, TNO (Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research), Leiden, Netherlands
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8
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Montes KS, Pearson MR. I am what I am: A meta-analysis of the association between substance user identities and substance use-related outcomes. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2021; 35:231-246. [PMID: 33829814 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research indicates that a substance user identity (i.e., drinking, smoking, and marijuana identity) is positively correlated with substance use-related outcomes (e.g., frequency, quantity, consequences, and disorder symptoms). The current study aimed to meta-analytically derive single, weighted effect size estimates of the identity-outcome association as well as to examine moderators (e.g., substance use type, explicit/implicit assessment, demographic characteristics, and research design) of this association. METHOD Random effects meta-analysis was conducted on 70 unique samples that assessed substance user identity and at least one substance use-related outcome (frequency, quantity, consequences, and/or disorder symptoms), and provided the necessary information for effect size calculations. RESULTS Substance user identity was found to be a statistically significant moderate-to-large correlate of all substance use-related outcomes examined in the current study (r w = .365, p < .001, rw² = .133). The strongest associations were observed between identity and disorder symptoms (alcohol) and frequency of substance use (tobacco or marijuana). In terms of moderators of the identity-outcome association, the link between explicit drinking identity and alcohol use-related outcomes appeared to be stronger in magnitude than the relationship between implicit drinking identity and alcohol use-related outcomes; however, this difference appears to be largely due to the finding that implicit measures have lower reliability. The strongest identity-outcome association was observed among younger individuals. CONCLUSIONS Substance user identity is clearly an important correlate of substance use-related outcomes and this association is stronger among younger individuals. Additional theoretical, empirical, and intervention research is needed to utilize knowledge gleaned from the current study on the identity-outcome association. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Montes KS, Dela Cruz M, Weinstein AP, Pearson MR, Lindgren KP, Neighbors C. Alcohol and marijuana protective behavioral strategies mediate the relationship between substance use identity and use-related outcomes: A multi-sample examination. Addict Behav 2021; 112:106613. [PMID: 32891978 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Substance use identity has been consistently associated with problematic substance use. Limited attention has considered mechanisms of this association. This research examined whether greater identification as a drinker or marijuana user would be associated with the use of fewer alcohol/marijuana protective behavioral strategies (PBS; e.g., avoiding drinking games/avoiding using marijuana in public places). Further, PBS have been associated with lower levels of negative alcohol/marijuana-related outcomes (i.e., frequency, quantity, consequences). In the current multi-sample study, PBS were examined as a mediator of the relationship between drinking/marijuana identity and alcohol/marijuana-related outcomes across three studies. Study 1 was an intervention study with heavy drinking college students (N = 605), Study 2 was a multisite study of marijuana outcomes among college students (N = 2,077), and Study 3 was a study of substance use in a community sample (n = 369alcohol; n = 146marijuana). Cross-sectional and/or longitudinal data were collected across studies. Substance use identity, PBS, and use-related outcomes were measured across the three studies. Indirect effects were evaluated by Monte Carlo confidence intervals. Manner of Drinking PBS were found to be the only statistically significant mediator of the relationship between drinking identity and alcohol-related outcomes (i.e., quantity and consequences) cross-sectionally. These significant cross-sectional mediation effects for alcohol were replicated in one of three longitudinal models. Marijuana PBS were also found to mediate the relationship between marijuana identity and all marijuana-related outcomes examined in the current study. Study findings may help to inform the development of identity-based and PBS-based interventions that aim to reduce negative alcohol/marijuana-related outcomes.
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10
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Lindgren KP, Burnette JL, Hoyt CL, Peterson KP, Neighbors C. Growth Mindsets of Alcoholism Buffer Against Deleterious Effects of Drinking Identity on Problem Drinking Over Time. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:233-243. [PMID: 31709565 PMCID: PMC6980889 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Explicit (self-report) and implicit (indirect) measures of identification with drinking alcohol-drinking identity-are associated with drinking outcomes cross-sectionally and longitudinally. A key next step is to identify moderators. The current study evaluated a promising moderator: mindsets of alcoholism. Believing people can change (growth mindset) is associated with adaptive outcomes in domains such as mental health, but research is scant regarding mindsets related to problematic drinking. We evaluated whether individuals' alcoholism mindsets moderated the drinking identity to drinking relation as part of a larger, longitudinal web-based study of heavy drinkers. METHODS A total of 422 US college graduates (59% women) who were heavy drinkers completed measures assessing drinking identity, mindsets, and drinking outcomes (consumption, problems, and risk of alcohol use disorder). Drinking outcomes were assessed at 2 subsequent assessments occurring 4 and 8 months after the initial assessment. RESULTS Drinking identity was positively associated with drinking outcomes, and drinking outcomes reduced following college graduation. Alcoholism mindsets were significantly and negatively correlated with all drinking outcomes. Mindsets were only conditionally associated with drinking behaviors over time in models that evaluated mindsets, drinking identity measures, and their interaction. Mindsets moderated the relationship between drinking identity and changes in drinking behaviors, but the relation was specific to explicit drinking identity and consumption. Among participants with stronger drinking identity, those who had stronger (vs. weaker) growth mindsets reported reduction in consumption over time. CONCLUSIONS Growth mindsets of alcoholism appear adaptive for college graduate heavy drinkers with a stronger drinking identity. Mindsets are amenable to interventions; targeting them may be useful in heavy-drinking college graduates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen P. Lindgren
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jeni L. Burnette
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Crystal L. Hoyt
- Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Kirsten P. Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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KIM JH, KWEON YR. Effects of a Problem Drinking Prevention Program Developed Based on Bandura's Self-Efficacy Theory in Nursing Students. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 49:186-188. [PMID: 32309238 PMCID: PMC7152650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwa KIM
- Gwangju Buk-Gu Addiction Management Center, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young-Ran KWEON
- Department of Nursing, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea,Corresponding Author:
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Leal CKN, Faria GGBD, DeSouza ML. Private Self-consciousness, Self-reflection, Insight and Alcohol Consumption Among Young People and Adults. PSICO-USF 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-82712019240403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Private self-consciousness is a relevant metacognitive capacity in the self-regulation process, with possible implications in alcohol consumption. This research verified the influence of self-reflection and insight, dimensions of private self-consciousness, on drinking behavior. A total of 523 Brazilians, aged from 20 to 39 years old, participated in a survey by answering the Self-Reflection and Insight Scale and the AUDIT test. The results showed that women have higher levels of self-reflection, whereas men have higher levels of insight. With regard to alcohol consumption, young people drink at higher risk levels than adults. Self-reflection and insight were negatively correlated with alcohol consumption. Age and gender differences in the intensity of the correlation between variables and the influence of environmental factors on the regulation of drinking behavior are discussed.
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A Multilevel Study of Alcohol Consumption in Young Adults: Self-Efficacy, Peers' Motivations and Protective Strategies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16162827. [PMID: 31398815 PMCID: PMC6720189 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In both developing and underdeveloped countries there has been a worrying increase in the number of young people drinking alcohol; this public health problem warrants more research. This multilevel study analyzed the influence of drinking refusal self-efficacy, peers’ motivation, and protective behavioral strategies as predictors of alcohol consumption in a sample of 261 young people arranged into 52 social groups (peers who regularly shared leisure activities). A series of questionnaires were administered individually to evaluate beliefs and behaviors related to alcohol consumption at both individual level (drinking refusal self-efficacy) and peer level (enhancement motivation and protective behavioral strategies). The results showed that the individual variable (drinking refusal self-efficacy) predicted alcohol consumption behaviors. The multilevel design allowed us to evaluate the direct and moderated effects of peers’ enhancement motivation and protective behavioral strategies on the relationship between self-efficacy and drinking behavior. These results show the importance of developing cognitive, behavioral, and educational intervention programs to increase young people and university students’ confidence and ability to use protective strategies, in order to reduce alcohol use.
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Laghi F, Bianchi D, Pompili S, Lonigro A, Baiocco R. Cognitive and affective empathy in binge drinking adolescents: Does empathy moderate the effect of self-efficacy in resisting peer pressure to drink? Addict Behav 2019; 89:229-235. [PMID: 30336444 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Binge drinking during adolescence is influenced by peer pressure and group norms as risk factors. Conversely, drinking refusal self-efficacy is a protective factor. Thus, adolescents with impaired social skills could be more vulnerable to binge drinking. However, there is still little research on impaired social abilities, such as low empathy, in adolescent binge drinkers. This study aimed to investigate the moderating roles of empathic concerns and perspective-taking in the relationship between self-efficacy in resisting peer pressure to drink (SRPPD) and binge drinking. Participants were 188 Italian adolescents (Mage = 16.93, SDage = 0.76; age-range: 15-19). Self-report instruments were administered. Binge drinking was evaluated with an open response item according to the clinical definition of symptoms; SRPPD was assessed with an item from the Perceived Self-Efficacy scale; empathic concerns and perspective-taking were measured with the Interpersonal Reactivity Index scale. A moderation regression analysis was run. Results showed that binge drinking is positively predicted by age, and negatively predicted by SRPPD and empathic concerns. Only perspective-taking proved to be a moderator in the relationship between SRPPD and binge drinking. In the presence of low perspective-taking, adolescents with low SRPPD reported more binge drinking than adolescents with high SRPPD. Conversely, for adolescents with high levels of perspective-taking, low SRPPD did not predict binge drinking. Our results shed light on patterns of cognitive and affective empathy in binge drinking adolescents, providing relevant implications for research and prevention for at-risk teenagers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorenzo Laghi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| | - Dora Bianchi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Pompili
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Antonia Lonigro
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Baiocco
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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Bravo AJ, Pilatti A, Pearson MR, Read JP, Mezquita L, Ibáñez MI, Ortet G. Cross-cultural examination of negative alcohol-related consequences: Measurement invariance of the Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire in Spain, Argentina, and USA. Psychol Assess 2019; 31:631-642. [PMID: 30667265 DOI: 10.1037/pas0000689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined measurement invariance of the 48-item, 8-factor, Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire (YAACQ) across nationality in college students from the United States, Spain, and Argentina. We also compared latent mean differences and criterion-related validity (i.e., correlation with other alcohol-related outcomes) across countries. Last month drinkers (1,511) from the United States (n = 774, 70.5% female), Argentina (n = 439, 50.6% female), and Spain (n = 298, 72.1% female) completed an online survey measuring alcohol use, drinking motives, college alcohol beliefs, and negative alcohol-related consequences. Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses supported configural and scalar invariance of a 47-item, 8-factor YAACQ across countries. Overall, the correlation analysis supported criterion-related validity (i.e., strong bivariate correlations between the 8 subscales and alcohol consumption, drinking motives and college alcohol beliefs) across countries. Some nonsignificant bivariate correlations and differences in the magnitude of the correlations across countries are discussed. Our findings expand previous work, mostly focused on U.S. samples, by supporting the YAACQ as an adequate measure to assess alcohol-related consequences in youths across countries marked by unique cultural traditions, attitudes, and policies pertaining to alcohol. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J Bravo
- Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico
| | - Angelina Pilatti
- Facultad de Psicología and Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
| | - Matthew R Pearson
- Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico
| | | | - Laura Mezquita
- Manuel I. Ibáñez, and Generós Ortet, Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I
| | - Manuel I Ibáñez
- Manuel I. Ibáñez, and Generós Ortet, Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I
| | - Generós Ortet
- Manuel I. Ibáñez, and Generós Ortet, Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I
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16
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Figueroa W, Yomogida K, Mendez J, Bavarian N. Prescription stimulant misuse avoidance self-efficacy: Correlates and moderation by race/ethnicity. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2019; 19:476-489. [PMID: 30638147 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2018.1542370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether personality characteristics, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptomology, psychological distress, and religiosity were associated with prescription stimulant avoidance self-efficacy and whether these relationships were moderated by race/ethnicity among a probability sample of 1,053 college students. We used regression analyses to examine associations between avoidance self-efficacy and the independent variables of interest, and moderation analyses to identify whether these associations were moderated by race/ethnicity. Inattention, hyperactivity, sensation seeking, and psychological distress were inversely associated with prescription stimulant avoidance self-efficacy, whereas religiosity had a direct association. Moreover, greater inattention was a risk factor for lower self-efficacy among students identifying as White but not for students identifying as Asian. Increased religiosity was a risk factor for students identifying as Latinx, whereas it was a protective factor for students identifying as White. Prevention implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilma Figueroa
- Health Science Department, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, California
| | - Kyle Yomogida
- Health Science Department, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, California
| | - Jocelyne Mendez
- Health Science Department, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, California
| | - Niloofar Bavarian
- Health Science Department, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, California
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17
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Alexander JD, Myers MG, Anderson KG. Drinking refusal self-efficacy: Impacts on outcomes from a multi-site early intervention trial. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2019; 28:403-410. [PMID: 34239280 DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2020.1766620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study examines relationships between drink refusal self-efficacy (DRSE) and outcomes in Project Options (PO), an adolescent alcohol use early intervention. 1171 US high school students (39.3% Hispanic, 59.3% girls) participated in PO, reporting their demographics, alcohol use, and drinking reduction efforts at baseline, 30 days and three months later. Items from the Drug Taking Confidence Questionnaire for Adolescents (DTCQ-A) assessed DRSE. DRSE corresponded negatively with drinking at 30 days and, among drinkers, predicted fewer use reduction attempts at 30 days and three months. Results indicate that, unlike in treatment settings, DRSE may not correspond to improved early intervention outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark G Myers
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kristen G Anderson
- Adolescent Health Research Program, Department of Psychology, Reed College, Portland, OR, USA
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18
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DiBello AM, Miller MB, Carey KB. Self-Efficacy to Limit Drinking Mediates the Association between Attitudes and Alcohol-Related Outcomes. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:2400-2408. [PMID: 31434546 PMCID: PMC6883163 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1653322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Personal attitudes toward alcohol consumption are reliable predictors of alcohol use and related problems, with emerging work suggesting that one's favorable attitude toward limited drinking (i.e., at levels below the threshold for heavy episodic drinking) is a buffer against alcohol use and binge drinking. However, little work has examined the specific mechanism(s) through which one's personal attitude toward limited drinking is associated with alcohol use and related problems. One such mechanism may be an individual's self-efficacy to limit their alcohol use. The current study aimed to evaluate whether self-efficacy to limit one's alcohol use mediates the association between one's personal attitude toward limited drinking and actual alcohol use and related problems over time. Participants were mandated students (n = 568; 28% female) who violated campus alcohol policy and received a brief motivational intervention. Mediation models were used to test (a) self-efficacy to limit one's alcohol use as a traditional mediator of the attitudes-drinking quantity association and (b) self-efficacy and drinking quantity as serial mediators of the attitudes-alcohol-problems link. Favorable attitudes toward limiting drinking at baseline were positively associated with self-efficacy to limit drinking at 1 month, which was associated with a reduction in drinking quantity at 3 months; this, in turn, was associated with a reduction in alcohol-related problems at 5 months. These findings provide a rationale for incorporating attitudes and self-efficacy in the development and refinement of intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo M DiBello
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Psychology, City University of New York, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Mary Beth Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Kate B Carey
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Scully KA, Mohn RS, Madson MB. Psychometric evaluation of the drinking refusal self-efficacy scale - revised with college students in the United States. Addict Behav 2018; 85:100-106. [PMID: 29883855 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Drinking refusal self-efficacy has recently emerged as a potential factor related to reduced alcohol consumption and alcohol-related negative consequences in college students. The Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire-Revised (DRSEQ-R) has been commonly used to assess for drinking refusal self-efficacy. However, psychometric evaluation of the measure with college students from the United States is needed to enhance its research and clinical utility. The goal of the present study was to confirm the factor structure of the DRSEQ-R with a sample of traditional aged college students from the United States as well as assess the measurement invariance of the factor structure across sex and race and the measure's convergent validity with other common alcohol use measures. Traditional age college students (n = 1683, 73% women; 63% White, non-Hispanic) completed measures of drink refusal self-efficacy, protective behavioral strategies, weekly alcohol use, hazardous drinking, and alcohol-related negative consequences. Using exploratory factor analysis and multi-group confirmatory factor analyses, a three-factor structure was identified, but, unlike the DRSEQ-R, one item loaded onto the opportunistic relief factor instead of the social pressure factor. The proposed model registered more reliable internal consistencies across the subscales, was invariant across sex and race, and demonstrated acceptable convergent validity with other commonly used alcohol measures. The proposed model for the DRSE-R may be a more psychometrically sound way to assess for drinking refusal self-efficacy among college students in the United States. Implications, limitations, and future research directions are discussed.
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20
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Blevins CE, Abrantes AM, Anderson BJ, Caviness CM, Herman DS, Stein MD. A longitudinal evaluation of the role of alcohol self-concept in alcohol use, motives, negative affect, and alcohol-related problems among emerging adults. Am J Addict 2018; 27:501-508. [DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Blevins
- Butler Hospital; Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research; Providence Rhode Island
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior; Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Providence Rhode Island
| | - Ana M. Abrantes
- Butler Hospital; Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research; Providence Rhode Island
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior; Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Providence Rhode Island
| | - Bradley J. Anderson
- Butler Hospital; Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research; Providence Rhode Island
| | - Celeste M. Caviness
- Butler Hospital; Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research; Providence Rhode Island
| | - Debra S. Herman
- Butler Hospital; Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research; Providence Rhode Island
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior; Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Providence Rhode Island
| | - Michael D. Stein
- Butler Hospital; Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research; Providence Rhode Island
- Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts
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21
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Wagenaar C, Florence M, Adams S, Savahl S. Factors influencing the relationship between alcohol consumption and risky sexual behaviour among young people: A systematic review. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2018.1483049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Wagenaar
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Maria Florence
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sabirah Adams
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shazly Savahl
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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22
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Lee CK, Corte C, Stein KF. Drinker Identity: Key Risk Factor for Adolescent Alcohol Use. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2018; 88:253-260. [PMID: 29399840 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent alcohol use continues to be a critical public health problem with both short- and long-term negative health consequences. Defining oneself in terms of alcohol, a drinking-related identity, has been shown to predict high levels of alcohol use. Because adolescence is the developmental period during which identity development is most salient, preventing the development of the drinker identity and early identification of youth who have a developing drinker identity may be important for prevention and early intervention. METHODS We review the theory- and evidence-based literature about identity development and the effects of a drinker identity on alcohol use behaviors in adolescents, discuss potential determinants of the drinker identity, and discuss future implications for practice and research. RESULTS There is some evidence that the drinker identity forms in early adolescence and becomes more well-developed during adolescence. The drinker identity predicts alcohol use behaviors both concurrently and over time in adolescence and young adulthood. There is also some evidence that early exposure to alcohol may contribute to formation of the drinker identity. CONCLUSIONS Identity-based approaches may be promising strategies to identify adolescents who are at risk for alcohol use and to intervene with early prevention or treatment within the school setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Kuei Lee
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Colleen Corte
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 South Damen Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Karen F Stein
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642
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DiBello AM, Miller MB, Young CM, Neighbors C, Lindgren KP. Explicit drinking identity and alcohol problems: The mediating role of drinking to cope. Addict Behav 2018; 76:88-94. [PMID: 28772247 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Drinking identity, or the tendency to view one's self as a drinker, is a unique predictor of alcohol use and related consequences among young adults; yet the mechanism by which it leads to alcohol problems is poorly understood. Based on self-presentation and self-verification perspectives, we examined drinking to cope as a mediator of the association between explicit drinking identity and alcohol-related problems among two samples of young adults. Study data come from two large, longitudinal studies. Participants from Sample 1 and Sample 2 included undergraduates (55% and 59% female, respectively) who reported drinking in the previous three months. Tests of the indirect effects indicated that 3-month drinking to cope significantly mediated the positive association between baseline drinking identity and 6-month alcohol-related problems in both samples. In contrast, 3-month drinking identity did not mediate the association between baseline drinking to cope and 6-month alcohol-related problems. Findings indicate that individuals with a stronger drinking identity are more likely to use alcohol to cope and, subsequently, experience more problems. Thus, drinking identity may be an important intervention target for college students as it appears to temporally proceed drinking to cope in the prediction of alcohol-related problems.
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24
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Geusens F, Beullens K. The reciprocal associations between sharing alcohol references on social networking sites and binge drinking: A longitudinal study among late adolescents. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Dunlap SL, Taboada A, Merino Y, Heitfeld S, Gordon RJ, Gere D, Lightfoot AF. Sexual Health Transformation Among College Student Educators in an Arts-Based HIV Prevention Intervention: A Qualitative Cross-Site Analysis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SEXUALITY EDUCATION 2017; 12:215-236. [PMID: 32973413 PMCID: PMC7510141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We examined the sexual health change process experienced by 26 college student sexual health educators from three geographic regions of the United States who participated in a multisite arts-based sexual health prevention program. We conducted eight focus groups and used a phenomenological approach to analyze data. We drew from social cognitive theory (SCT) to examine how sexual health knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and communication shifted across the duration of participation. Findings suggest that the college student sexual health educators (a) developed enhanced sexual health awareness and critical consciousness, (b) questioned their own sexual health education and challenged previous beliefs, and (c) demonstrated self-efficacy related to intended behavior change and their perceived role as social justice advocates. We present both similarities and differences regarding the sexual health change process among the college student sexual health educators across the three sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L Dunlap
- Department of Social Welfare, Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arianna Taboada
- Art & Global Health Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yesenia Merino
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Suzanne Heitfeld
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, GA, USA
| | - Robert J Gordon
- Art & Global Health Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Gere
- Art & Global Health Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra F Lightfoot
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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26
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Lindgren KP, Gasser ML, Werntz A, Namaky N, Baldwin SA, Teachman BA. Moderators of implicit and explicit drinking identity in a large US adult sample. Addict Behav 2016; 60:177-83. [PMID: 27156218 PMCID: PMC4884521 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Drinking identity (viewing oneself as a drinker) is a potential risk factor for problematic drinking in US undergraduate samples. Whether that risk extends to a broader, more general US sample is unknown. Additionally, there are critical, unanswered questions with respect to moderators of the drinking identity-problematic drinking relationship; an important issue for designing prevention efforts. Study aims were to assess the unique associations and interactive effects of implicit and explicit measures of drinking identity on problematic drinking, and to evaluate age and sex as potential moderators of the drinking identity-problematic drinking relationship. A sample of 11,320 adults aged 18-98 completed measures of implicit and explicit drinking identity and problematic drinking (the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test; AUDIT). Implicit and explicit drinking identity had positive, significant associations with AUDIT scores, as expected. Moderation analyses indicated small, but significant, interactions. There was an implicit by explicit identity interaction consistent with a synergistic effect: lower implicit and explicit identity was linked to a greater probability of being a non-drinker. Age moderated explicit but not implicit identity: lower drinking identity appeared to be more protective for younger individuals. Sex moderated implicit but not explicit identity: a weaker positive association with implicit identity and AUDIT scores was observed among men, potentially reflecting stigma against women's drinking. Findings suggest that drinking identity's potential as a risk factor for problematic drinking extends to a more general US sample and that both implicit and explicit identity should be targeted in prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen P Lindgren
- University of Washington, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, 1100 NE 45th St., Ste 300, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
| | - Melissa L Gasser
- University of Washington, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, 1100 NE 45th St., Ste 300, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
| | - Alexandra Werntz
- University of Virginia, Department of Psychology, PO BOX 400400, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4400, USA.
| | - Nauder Namaky
- University of Virginia, Department of Psychology, PO BOX 400400, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4400, USA.
| | - Scott A Baldwin
- Brigham Young University, Department of Psychology, 268 TLRB, Provo, UT 84660, USA.
| | - Bethany A Teachman
- University of Virginia, Department of Psychology, PO BOX 400400, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4400, USA.
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27
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Domenico LH, Strobbe S, Stein KF, Giordani BJ, Hagerty BM, Pressler SJ. Identifying the Structure and Effect of Drinking-Related Self-Schemas. West J Nurs Res 2016; 39:942-981. [PMID: 27411976 DOI: 10.1177/0193945916658613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Self-schemas have received increased attention as favorable targets for therapeutic intervention because of their central role in self-perception and behavior. The purpose of this integrative review was to identify, evaluate, and synthesize existing research pertaining to drinking-related self-schemas. Russell's integrative review strategy guided the search. Sixteen published works were identified, meeting criteria for evaluation ( n = 12 data-based publications and n = 4 models). The retrieved data-based publications rated fair-good using Polit and Beck's criteria; the overall body of literature rated "B" using Grimes and Schulz criteria. Retrieved models rated 4 to 7 using Fitzpatrick and Whall's criteria. The existing literature strongly supports the availability of a drinking-related self-schema among moderate-to-heavy drinking samples, and suggests a positive relationship between elaboration and drinking behavior. The relationship between valenced content of the schema and drinking behavior remains unexplored. Identifying variation in the structural properties of drinking-related self-schemas could lay the foundation for future interventions.
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28
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Taggart T, Taboada A, Stein JA, Milburn NG, Gere D, Lightfoot AF. AMP!: A Cross-site Analysis of the Effects of a Theater-based Intervention on Adolescent Awareness, Attitudes, and Knowledge about HIV. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2016; 17:544-53. [PMID: 27056632 PMCID: PMC4889560 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-016-0645-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AMP! (Arts-based, Multiple component, Peer-education) is an HIV intervention developed for high school adolescents. AMP! uses interactive theater-based scenarios developed by trained college undergraduates to deliver messages addressing HIV/STI prevention strategies, healthy relationships, and stigma reduction towards people living with HIV/AIDS. We used a pre-test/post-test, control group study design to simultaneously assess intervention effect on ninth grade students in an urban county in California (N = 159) and a suburban county in North Carolina (N = 317). In each location, the control group received standard health education curricula delivered by teachers; the intervention group received AMP! in addition to standard health education curricula. Structural equation modeling was used to determine intervention effects. The post-test sample was 46 % male, 90 % self-identified as heterosexual, 32 % reported receiving free or reduced lunch, and 49 % White. Structural models indicated that participation in AMP! predicted higher scores on HIV knowledge (p = 0.05), HIV awareness (p = 0.01), and HIV attitudes (p = 0.05) at the post-test. Latent means comparison analyses revealed post-test scores were significantly higher than pre-test scores on HIV knowledge (p = 0.001), HIV awareness (p = 0.001), and HIV attitudes (p = 0.001). Further analyses indicated that scores rose for both groups, but the post-test scores of intervention participants were significantly higher than controls (HIV knowledge (p = 0.01), HIV awareness (p = 0.01), and HIV attitudes (p = 0.05)). Thus, AMP!'s theater-based approach shows promise for addressing multiple adolescent risk factors and attitudes concerning HIV in school settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Taggart
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), 302 Rosenau Hall, CB #7440, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7440, USA.
| | - Arianna Taboada
- Art & Global Health Center, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Judith A Stein
- Art & Global Health Center, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Norweeta G Milburn
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Gere
- Art & Global Health Center, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra F Lightfoot
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), 302 Rosenau Hall, CB #7440, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7440, USA
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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The road to drink is paved with high intentions: Expectancies, refusal self-efficacy, and intentions among heavy drinking college students. Alcohol 2016; 50:65-71. [PMID: 26810041 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of drinking intentions (DI) on alcohol expectancies (AE) and drink refusal self-efficacy (DRSE) in regard to alcohol consumption among heavy drinking undergraduates. Research shows that DRSE buffers against drinking (Young, Hasking, Oei, & Loveday, 2007) and interacts with AE to predict alcohol consumption (Oei & Burrow, 2000). Studies further show that DI is predicted by DRSE (Norman, 2011) and AE (Fleming, Thorson, & Atkin, 2004). However, additional research is needed to understand DI's influence on both DRSE and AE among heavy college drinkers. This research included 344 heavy drinking college students (mean age = 23.06 years, SD = 5.61, 74.71% female) from a large southern university who completed study material as part of a larger intervention. Findings showed that DI, DRSE, and AE interacted with respect to heavy drinking such that DRSE was negatively associated with alcohol consumption, particularly among those low in positive AE and high in negative AE. This relationship was stronger among individuals low in DI relative to those high in DI. DI seems to be an important factor influencing heavy drinking among undergraduate students. Present findings further support DI's associations with heavy drinking, regardless of an individual's DRSE or AE. Implications of this research suggest that it may be beneficial for interventions to target specific aspects of AE, including anxious drinking.
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30
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Foster DW, Buckner JD, Schmidt NB, Zvolensky MJ. Multisubstance Use Among Treatment-Seeking Smokers: Synergistic Effects of Coping Motives for Cannabis and Alcohol Use and Social Anxiety/Depressive Symptoms. Subst Use Misuse 2016; 51:165-78. [PMID: 26846421 PMCID: PMC4755824 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2015.1082596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the impact of coping motives for cannabis and alcohol use on the relation between social anxiety/depressive symptoms and severity of substance use for alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis among treatment-seeking smokers who also use cannabis and alcohol. METHODS The sample included 197 daily cigarette smokers (MAge 34.81 years, SD = 13.43) who reported using cannabis and alcohol. RESULTS Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted wherein separate models were constructed for each dependent variable. Among individuals with higher social anxiety, alcohol coping motives were associated with heavier drinking, and this was more pronounced among those low in depressive symptoms. Similarly, those at greater risk for nicotine dependence were anxious individuals with lower depressive symptoms who endorse coping-oriented motives for using cannabis. Further, among those with higher social anxiety, cannabis coping motives were associated with marginally greater drinking, particularly for those high in depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The present findings support the perspective that among multisubstance users, the interplay between social anxiety, depressive symptoms, and coping-oriented motives for using one substance (e.g., cannabis or alcohol) may pose difficulties in refraining from other substances (e.g., tobacco). This observation highlights the importance of tailoring multisubstance treatments to specific needs of multiusers for whom single-substance interventions may be less effective. Findings also support previous work exploring the benefits of concurrently treating co-occurring substance use and lend credence to the perspective that motivation to use substances for coping reasons is of central theoretical and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn W Foster
- a Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven , Connecticut , USA
| | - Julia D Buckner
- b Department of Psychology , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana , USA
| | - Norman B Schmidt
- c Department of Psychology , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida , USA
| | - Michael J Zvolensky
- d Department of Psychology , University of Houston , Houston , Texas , USA.,e Behavioral Sciences Department, MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , Texas , USA
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Snagowski J, Wegmann E, Pekal J, Laier C, Brand M. Implicit associations in cybersex addiction: Adaption of an Implicit Association Test with pornographic pictures. Addict Behav 2015; 49:7-12. [PMID: 26026385 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies show similarities between cybersex addiction and substance dependencies and argue to classify cybersex addiction as a behavioral addiction. In substance dependency, implicit associations are known to play a crucial role, and such implicit associations have not been studied in cybersex addiction, so far. In this experimental study, 128 heterosexual male participants completed an Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) modified with pornographic pictures. Further, problematic sexual behavior, sensitivity towards sexual excitation, tendencies towards cybersex addiction, and subjective craving due to watching pornographic pictures were assessed. Results show positive relationships between implicit associations of pornographic pictures with positive emotions and tendencies towards cybersex addiction, problematic sexual behavior, sensitivity towards sexual excitation as well as subjective craving. Moreover, a moderated regression analysis revealed that individuals who reported high subjective craving and showed positive implicit associations of pornographic pictures with positive emotions, particularly tended towards cybersex addiction. The findings suggest a potential role of positive implicit associations with pornographic pictures in the development and maintenance of cybersex addiction. Moreover, the results of the current study are comparable to findings from substance dependency research and emphasize analogies between cybersex addiction and substance dependencies or other behavioral addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Snagowski
- General Psychology: Cognition, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Elisa Wegmann
- General Psychology: Cognition, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Jaro Pekal
- General Psychology: Cognition, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Laier
- General Psychology: Cognition, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Brand
- General Psychology: Cognition, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany.
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Lindgren KP, Neighbors C, Wiers RW, Gasser ML, Teachman BA. Evaluating implicit drinking identity as a mediator of drinking motives and alcohol consumption and craving. Addict Behav 2015; 43:33-8. [PMID: 25544353 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Implicit drinking identity (i.e., cognitive associations between the self and drinking) is a reliable predictor of drinking. However, whether implicit drinking identity might mediate the relationship between other robust predictors of drinking and drinking outcomes is unknown. We hypothesized that implicit drinking would mediate the relationship between drinking motives and alcohol consumption and craving. METHOD We assessed drinking motives at Time 1, implicit drinking identity at Time 2 (on average, 11 days later) and self-reported alcohol consumption and craving at Time 3 (on average, 6 days later) in a sample of 194 US undergraduates (54% women) who reported at least one heavy drinking episode (4 drinks for women, 5 for men) in the past month. Participants completed self-report measures of drinking motives, daily alcohol consumption, and current craving. RESULTS Implicit drinking identity uniquely mediated the relationship between social motives and alcohol consumption. It did not, however, mediate the relationship between motives and craving. Time 2 implicit drinking identity was positively associated with greater alcohol consumption and craving at Time 3, even after controlling for drinking motives. Subsequent analyses indicated significant indirect effects between social, enhancement, and coping motives (but not conformity) and consumption and craving when each motive was evaluated individually. CONCLUSIONS Implicit drinking identity continues to have promise as a predictor of drinking outcomes and as a target for interventions. Future experimental and prospective studies will be critical to establish the circumstances under which implicit drinking identity is strengthened and/or activated and the resulting effects on hazardous drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen P Lindgren
- University of Washington, Center for the Study of Health & Risk Behaviors (CSHRB), Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, 1100 NE 45th Street, Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
| | - Clayton Neighbors
- University of Houston, Department of Psychology, 126 Heyne Building, Houston, TX 77204-5522, USA.
| | - Reinout W Wiers
- University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychology, Weesperplein 4, 1018 XA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Melissa L Gasser
- University of Washington, Center for the Study of Health & Risk Behaviors (CSHRB), Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, 1100 NE 45th Street, Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
| | - Bethany A Teachman
- University of Virginia, Department of Psychology, 102 Gilmer Hall, PO BOX 400400, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4400, USA.
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Klanecky AK, Woolman EO, Becker MM. Child abuse exposure, emotion regulation, and drinking refusal self-efficacy: an analysis of problem drinking in college students. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2015; 41:188-96. [DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2014.998365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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The influence of cannabis motives on alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco use among treatment-seeking cigarette smokers. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 146:81-8. [PMID: 25481854 PMCID: PMC4272897 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study evaluated the effects of cannabis motives on multi-substance use in an effort to examine the incremental validity of cannabis motives with respect to substance use outcomes. METHODS Participants were 167 treatment-seeking smokers (41.92% female; Mage=28.74; SD=11.88) who reported smoking an average of 10 or more cigarettes daily for at least one year. RESULTS Structural equation modeling was used to examine the association between cannabis motives and two dependent variables each for alcohol (drinking frequency and alcohol problems), cannabis (cannabis use frequency and cannabis problems), and tobacco (average cigarettes per day and nicotine dependence). Findings indicated that conformity motives were linked with increases in alcohol problems and cannabis problems. Enhancement motives were associated with increased cannabis use and cannabis problems. Coping motives were linked with increased cannabis use and cannabis problems. Contrary to expectations, expansion motives were associated with reductions in the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Also, results supported expectations that the observed effects due to cannabis motives were unique from shared variance with theoretically relevant covariates. CONCLUSIONS The present findings supported predictions that cannabis motives would evince effects on the use of multiple substances over and above theoretically relevant variables. However, results indicate that the relationship between cannabis motives and multi-substance use is complex, and therefore, additional research is warranted to better understand substance use intervention.
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Foster DW. Drinking identity as a mediator of the relationship between drinking motives and weekly alcohol consumption among heavy drinking undergraduate students. Addict Behav 2014; 39:1811-5. [PMID: 25127197 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study assessed relationships among social, coping, enhancement, and conformity drinking motives and weekly alcohol consumption by considering drinking identity as a mediator of this relationship. METHODS Participants were 260 heavy drinking undergraduate students (81% female; Mage=23.45; SD=5.39) who completed a web-based survey. RESULTS Consistent with expectations, findings revealed significant direct effects of motives on drinking identity for all four models. Further, significant direct effects emerged for drinking identity on weekly drinking. Results partially supported predictions that motives would have direct effects on drinks per week; total effects of motives on drinking emerged for all models but direct effects of motives on weekly drinking emerged for only enhancement motives. There were significant indirect effects of motives on weekly drinking through drinking identity for all four models. CONCLUSIONS The findings supported the hypotheses that drinking identity would mediate the relationship between drinking motives and alcohol consumption. These examinations have practical utility and may inform development and implementation of interventions and programs targeting alcohol misuse among heavy drinking undergraduate students.
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Foster DW, Young CM, Bärnighausen TW. Self-control as a moderator of the relationship between drinking identity and alcohol use. Subst Use Misuse 2014; 49:1340-8. [PMID: 24730565 PMCID: PMC4220739 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2014.901387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated self-control in the relationship between drinking identity and drinking. We expected those higher in drinking identity would drink more than those lower in drinking identity, particularly if low in self-control. Data were collected in 2012 via an online survey (N = 690 undergraduates, M age = 22.87, SD = 5.37, 82.50% female) at an urban university. An interaction emerged between self-control and drinking identity; self-control was negatively associated with drinking among individuals low in drinking identity, but positively associated with drinking among those high in drinking identity. Implications and future directions are discussed. This research was unfunded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn W Foster
- 1Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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