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Farias de Santana G, Larrubia Alvares Florence L, Leopoldo K, Castaldelli-Maia JM. Risky business: an examination of drinking games in college settings and their impact: a systematic review. Int Rev Psychiatry 2023; 35:521-535. [PMID: 38299653 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2023.2283016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
This systematic review explores the prevalence and impact of Drinking Games (DG) among college students. DGs involve social drinking with the goal of heavy alcohol consumption and are associated with risky behaviours. The review aims to quantify the relationship between DG participation, alcohol consumption, and negative outcomes. It also investigates gender moderation and unexplored motivational factors for DG engagement. Following PRISMA guidelines, 34 studies were included after screening 317 records. The studies comprised n = 34,197 participants and were analysed for various variables, including gender dynamics, motivations, and associated negative consequences. Gender convergence in DG participation was noted, emphasizing the importance of gender-specific interventions. Participants were aware of risks but often perceived negative outcomes as a badge of honour. Motivations for DGs were linked to social interaction and a sense of belonging. Personality traits like sensation seeking and identification with college drinking culture played significant roles in DG engagement and outcomes. The review underscores the need for targeted interventions to address shifting perceptions of negative consequences and consider personality traits when designing preventive measures. It also highlights the significance of gender-specific strategies. However, variations in DG measurement and possible selection bias among heavy drinkers participating in DGs remain limitations. This systematic review provides insights into DG prevalence and its link to negative outcomes among college students. The findings stress the importance of tailored interventions and further research to mitigate risk factors and promote healthier drinking behaviours in this demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kae Leopoldo
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, FMABC University Center, Santo André, SP, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Zamboanga BL, Van Hedger K, George AM. Prologue to the special issue on predrinking and drinking game behaviors among adolescents and young adults in the United States and across the globe: Definitions and overview of prevalence rates. Addict Behav 2023; 144:107731. [PMID: 37163887 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Predrinking and drinking games (DGs) are common risky drinking practices among adolescents and young adults in many different countries around the world. However, most studies on these behaviors have been conducted with university student samples in a limited number of countries. Despite the risks of negative alcohol-related consequences associated with predrinking and DGs, these activities are quite prevalent among young people. In this prologue, we provide definitions for predrinking and DGs and an extensive overview of the known prevalence rates of predrinking and DGs among young people around the world. This special issue addresses known gaps in the literature by including articles which (a) use differing methodologies to examine predrinking or DGs behavior, (b) consider psychosocial and contextual factors that influence these behaviors, and (c) examine young people's perceptions of alcohol policies and interventions. Taken together this Special Issue offers an international view on how and why young people around the world engage in these risky drinking practices, and potential ways to address these behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron L Zamboanga
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, United States.
| | | | - Amanda M George
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, University of Canberra, Australia
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Zamboanga BL, Blumenthal H, Ramarushton B, Napper LE, Hurlocker MC, Ford K, Bacon M, Madson MB. What pandemic? A multisite study of drinking motives and drinking games participation among college students during a pandemic (COVID-19) academic year. Addict Behav 2023; 138:107560. [PMID: 36516637 PMCID: PMC9699705 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A drinking game (DG) is a widely practiced social activity that tends to encourage rapid alcohol consumption. While social restrictions during the pandemic (COVID-19) academic year were implemented as a health measure across many colleges/universities, the extent to which college student drinkers continued to play DGs in-person is not well understood. Because theory and research suggest that drinking motives are proximal correlates of drinking behaviors, we examined which drinking motives increased the likelihood of playing DGs in-person, and playing DGs in-person in a group of 10 + people during the 2020-21 pandemic academic year. College students (past-year drinkers) from 12 universities completed an online survey (N = 900; Mage = 19.42, Range = 18-25; SDage = 1.45, White = 73.1%, 69.2% female). Of the students surveyed, 590 students played DGs, with 460 students only playing DGs in-person. Of the students who played DGs in-person, 274 students reported that the maximum number of people they played DGs with in-person exceeded the CDC's recommended guidelines (10 + people). Accounting for demographics, general alcohol use, and perceived COVID-19 threat, social drinking motives were positively associated with an increased likelihood of playing DGs in-person; the inverse was found for coping motives. Drinking motives were not associated with the likelihood of playing DGs with 10 + people but greater alcohol use and lower perceived threat of COVID-19 were. Given that the pandemic did not deter many student drinkers from playing DGs in-person, further investment in targeted intervention and public health initiatives aimed at substance-free alternatives promoting engagement and enhancement of social activities may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron L. Zamboanga
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, United States,Corresponding author. Queries regarding the statistical analyses of this paper should be addressed to Dr. Blumenthal and Banan Ramarushton; all other correspondence regarding this article should be addressed to Prof. Byron L. Zamboanga
| | | | | | - Lucy E. Napper
- Department of Psychology, Lehigh University, United States
| | | | - Kayla Ford
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, United States
| | - Miller Bacon
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, United States
| | - Michael B. Madson
- School of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, United States
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Lewis MA, Zhou Z, Fairlie AM, Litt DM, Kannard E, Resendiz R, Walker T, Seamster M, Garcia T, Lee CM. Occasion-level investigation of playing drinking games: Associations with cognitions, situational factors, alcohol use, and negative consequences among adolescents and young adults. Addict Behav 2023; 137:107497. [PMID: 36194978 PMCID: PMC10631162 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined occasion-level associations between cognitions (willingness to drink, descriptive norms, and injunctive norms) and situational factors (familiarity with people and locations) with playing drinking games (DGs) among adolescents and young adults. Further, this study tested the associations between playing DGs, the number of drinks consumed, and the negative consequences experienced at the occasion level. Participants were 15-25-year-olds (N = 688; 43% male, 47% White, Non-Hispanic, Mean age = 21.18) who were part of a longitudinal ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study on cognitions and alcohol use. The study design consisted of a 3-week EMA burst design (8 surveys per week) that was repeated quarterly over the 12-month study (up to 2x/day) per participant. Multilevel models showed that occasion-level risks (higher willingness, higher descriptive norms, and less familiarity with people) were associated with playing DGs. When examining the within-person associations between DGs and number of drinks, results showed that playing DGs was associated with consuming more drinks. For consequences, DGs were not uniquely predictive of experiencing more consequences and riding in a vehicle with a driver who had been drinking. This study contributes to the literature by examining associations between cognitions and situational factors with DGs and the role DGs play in experiencing negative consequences among a diverse sample of adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Lewis
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
| | - Zhengyang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Anne M Fairlie
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 1100 NE 45th St, Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Dana M Litt
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Emma Kannard
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Raul Resendiz
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Travis Walker
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Morgan Seamster
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Tracey Garcia
- Department of Psychology, Murray State University, Murray, KY, USA
| | - Christine M Lee
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 1100 NE 45th St, Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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Hoyer D, Correia CJ. Latent class analysis of drinking game consequences among college drinkers. Addict Behav 2022; 126:107203. [PMID: 34920327 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Participation in drinking games has been identified as one specific alcohol-related context linked to increased risk for heavier alcohol consumption and negative consequences among college students. Despite advances in drinking game research, questions remain about the different types of individuals at risk from participating. The current study utilized latent class analysis to classify individuals based on their endorsement of eight negative drinking game consequences from the Hazardous Drinking Games Measure. Analyses included identification of classes among 656 college students, followed by covariate analyses regressing class membership on motives for playing drinking games, general drinking motives, impulsivity facets, general problematic alcohol use, and specific drinking game behaviors. A total of three classes were identified, including a class with the fewest number of problems, a class with higher rates of hangovers and becoming sick, and a class with relatively higher rates of a majority of the other consequences. Classes differed in endorsement of motives, impulsivity facets, general problematic consumption, and drinking game behaviors. Generally, coping, conformity, and social general drinking motives; conformity and enhancement and thrills motives for playing drinking games; the impulsivity facet of negative urgency; the number of drinks consumed while playing drinking games; playing consumption type drinking games; and general problematic alcohol use were associated with more problematic class membership. Results highlight distinct classes of individuals at risk from drinking game participation. Recommendations for future studies and potential prevention and intervention efforts are also discussed.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The alcohol industry recognizes children and pregnant women as population sub-groups vulnerable to the effects of alcohol marketing. Research indicates that heavy alcohol users are also potentially vulnerable to alcohol marketing. The purpose of the current study is to determine if sub-groups defined by psychological characteristics should be classified as potentially vulnerable as well. METHODS College students (n = 326) from two northeast schools were recruited to complete a survey containing questions on demographics, alcohol use, and psychological characteristics (alcohol expectancies, alcohol dependence, sensation seeking traits, and past delinquent behaviors). Additionally, after viewing each of five alcohol ads (4 television and 1 magazine), participants answered questions about their perceptions of alcohol consumption, responsible drinking, excessive drinking, and appeal of the ads. Main effects were assessed using hierarchical linear modeling, with adjustment for age, sex, race, ethnicity, and AUDIT score. RESULTS Alcohol expectancies (p < .001), particularly the social and physical pleasure and social expressiveness sub-scales, and sensation seeking traits (p = .002) were positively associated with alcohol ad appeal. Alcohol dependence symptoms, specifically impaired control and tolerance, were positively associated with perceptions of responsible drinking (p = .035), even though mean perceived number of drinks consumed met the definition of binge drinking. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with positive alcohol expectancies, sensation seeking traits, and alcohol dependence may be vulnerable to alcohol advertising and marketing. Because alcohol advertising often contains content that can serve as a cue or reinforce to drink, specific regulations may be needed to prevent alcohol-related harm from occurring in these sub-populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K Noel
- a Department of Health Science , Johnson & Wales University , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Ziming Xuan
- b Department of Community Health Sciences , Boston University School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Thomas F Babor
- c Department of Community Medicine and Health Care , University of Connecticut School of Medicine , Farmington , CT , USA
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George AM, Zamboanga BL, Martin JL, Olthuis JV. Examining the factor structure of the Motives for Playing Drinking Games measure among Australian university students. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37:782-788. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. George
- Centre for Applied Psychology; University of Canberra; Canberra Australia
| | | | - Jessica L. Martin
- Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology; University at Albany; Albany USA
| | - Janine V. Olthuis
- Department of Psychology; University of New Brunswick; Fredericton Canada
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George AM, Zamboanga BL. Drinking game participation and outcomes in a sample of Australian university students. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37:599-606. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. George
- Centre for Applied Psychology, Faculty of Health; University of Canberra; Canberra Australia
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Carey KB, Merrill JE, Walsh JL, Lust SA, Kalichman SC, Carey MP. Predictors of short-term change after a brief alcohol intervention for mandated college drinkers. Addict Behav 2018; 77:152-159. [PMID: 29032317 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brief motivational interventions (BMIs) reduce problematic drinking for some, but not all, college students. Identifying those students who are less responsive can help to guide intervention refinement. Therefore, we examined demographic, personality, and cognitive factors hypothesized to influence change after a BMI. METHOD Students mandated for intervention following a campus alcohol violation (N=568; 28% female, 38% freshmen) completed a baseline assessment, then received a BMI, and then completed a 1-month follow-up. At both assessments, alcohol use (i.e., drinks per week, typical BAC, binge frequency) and alcohol-related problems were measured. RESULTS Latent change score analyses revealed significant decrease in both alcohol use and problems 1month after the BMI. In the final model that predicted change in alcohol use, four factors (male sex, a "fun seeking" disposition, more perceived costs and fewer perceived benefits of change) predicted smaller decreases in alcohol use over time. In the final model that predicted change in alcohol-related problems, three factors (stronger beliefs about the centrality of alcohol to college life, more perceived costs and fewer perceived benefits of change) predicted smaller decreases in problems over time. CONCLUSIONS Participation in a BMI reduced alcohol use and problems among mandated college students at 1-month follow-up. We identified predictors of these outcomes, which suggest the need to tailor the BMI to improve its efficacy among males and those students expressing motives (pro and cons, and fun seeking) and beliefs about the centrality of drinking in college.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate B Carey
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States.
| | - Jennifer E Merrill
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Jennifer L Walsh
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Sarah A Lust
- Department of Social Sciences, Maryville University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Seth C Kalichman
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States; Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Michael P Carey
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Centers for Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
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Fernandez AC, Yurasek AM, Merrill JE, Miller MB, Zamboanga BL, Carey KB, Borsari B. Do brief motivational interventions reduce drinking game frequency in mandated students? An analysis of data from two randomized controlled trials. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2016; 31:36-45. [PMID: 27936818 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
College students frequently engage in drinking games (DGs) and experience a variety of consequences as a result. It is currently unknown whether brief motivational interventions (BMIs) that provide feedback on DG participation can reduce this high risk behavior. This study examined outcome data from 2 randomized clinical trials to examine whether BMIs facilitate change in DG frequency and how these changes may occur. Mandated college students (Trial 1, N = 198, 46% female; Trial 2, N = 412; 32% female) were randomized to BMI or comparison control conditions. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was used to compare the BMI and comparison groups to determine whether the BMI reduced DG participation over time. Percent change talk (PCT) during the discussion of DG during the session was examined as a predictor of change in DG frequency, and gender was examined as a moderator of treatment effects. Controlling for regular drinking frequency, participants who received a BMI did not significantly reduce their DG frequency relative to the comparison group in either sample, and the BMI was equally ineffective at reducing DG behavior for men and women. DG-related PCT during the BMI was associated with lower DG frequency at the second follow-up in both trials. In Trial 1, PCT during the BMI was associated with less steep increases in DG frequency across the course of all follow-ups. Effects of PCT on DG behavior were not moderated by gender. Findings did not support hypothesized reductions in DG participation following a BMI. Future research should explore whether targeted DG-specific interventions could reduce DG participation and the role of in-session client language in facilitating such change. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali M Yurasek
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida
| | - Jennifer E Merrill
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health
| | - Mary Beth Miller
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health
| | | | - Kate B Carey
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health
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Read JP. What's in a game? Future directions for the assessment and treatment of drinking games. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2015; 40:415-8. [PMID: 25192211 DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2014.957555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This conclusion reviews the critical issues raised by the papers in this Special Issue on Drinking Games, with an eye toward directions for future research and the development of palliative interventions. In particular, this conclusion highlights the significance of individual-level characteristics that are associated with drinking game risk, the social context in which these games take place, and methodological considerations for studying both the individual and the context as they unfold as part of drinking game practices. Given both the ubiquity of these games in North American college drinking life, and the substantial hazards with which these games are associated, interventions that may reduce harmful outcomes are needed but have not yet been developed. Issues relevant to the development of such interventions are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer P Read
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , New York, USA
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