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Syan SK, McIntyre-Wood C, Vandehei E, Vidal ML, Hargreaves T, Levitt EE, Scarfe M, Marsden E, MacKillop E, Sarles-Whittlesey H, Amlung M, Sweet L, MacKillop J. Resting state functional connectivity as a predictor of brief intervention response in adults with alcohol use disorder: A preliminary study. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:1590-1602. [PMID: 37572293 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brief interventions for alcohol use disorder (AUD) are generally efficacious, albeit with variability in response. Resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) may characterize neurobiological indicators that predict the response to brief interventions and is the focus of the current investigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-six individuals with AUD (65.2% female) completed a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan immediately followed by a brief intervention aimed at reducing alcohol consumption. Positive clinical response was defined as a reduction in alcohol consumption by at least one World Health Organization (WHO) risk drinking level at 3-month follow-up. rsFC was analyzed using seed-to-voxel analysis with seed regions from four networks: salience network, reward network, frontoparietal network, and default mode network. RESULTS At baseline, responders had greater rsFC between the following seed regions in relation to voxel-based clusters than non-responders: (i) anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in relation to left postcentral gyrus and right supramarginal gyrus (salience network); (ii) right posterior parietal cortex in relation to right ventral ACC (salience network); (iii) right interior frontal gyrus (IFG) pars opercularis in relation to right cerebellum and right occipital fusiform gyrus (frontoparietal); and (iv) right primary motor cortex in relation to left thalamus (default mode). Lower rsFC in responders vs. nonresponders was seen between the (i) right rostral prefrontal cortex in relation to left IFG pars triangularis (frontoparietal); (ii) right IFG pars triangularis in relation to right cerebellum (frontoparietal); (iii) right IFG pars triangularis in relation to right frontal eye fields and right angular gyrus (frontoparietal); and (iv) right nucleus accumbens in relation to right orbital frontal cortex and right insula (reward). CONCLUSIONS Resting state functional connectivity in the frontoparietal, salience, and reward networks predicts the response to a brief intervention in individuals with AUD and could reflect greater receptivity or motivation for behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina K Syan
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carly McIntyre-Wood
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily Vandehei
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mae Linda Vidal
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tegan Hargreaves
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily E Levitt
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Molly Scarfe
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma Marsden
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily MacKillop
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Michael Amlung
- Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Department of Applied Behavioral Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Lawrence Sweet
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Dash GF, Bryan AD, Yang M, Chung T, Hudson KA, Feldstein Ewing SW. Adolescent: provider connectedness and STI risk reduction following a brief alcohol intervention: findings from a randomized controlled trial. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1171264. [PMID: 37546489 PMCID: PMC10399588 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1171264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Given the frequent co-occurrence between alcohol use and sexual behavior among adolescents, alcohol interventions may play a role in helping prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in this age group. Psychotherapy "common factors" are one potential active ingredient in intervention efficacy. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of a critical common factor, adolescent: provider connectedness, on STI risk reduction at 3 months post-intervention. Methods Community-based youth (N = 168) were randomized to two 60-min individual sessions of either motivational interviewing (MI) or brief adolescent mindfulness (BAM). Logistic regressions predicted post-intervention positive STI from adolescent: provider connectedness, intervention condition, and their interaction. Path analytic models tested post-intervention hazardous drinking as a mediator of the association between adolescent: provider connectedness and reduction in STI risk at 3-month follow-up. Results Stronger adolescent: provider connectedness reduced risk of STI at 3 months post-intervention, with no differences by treatment condition. A mediational relationship between adolescent: provider connectedness and STI risk via hazardous drinking was not observed. Conclusion Psychotherapeutic common factors, including adolescent: provider connectedness, may be important in mitigating adolescent health risk in behavioral interventions, above and beyond intervention condition and beyond the target behavior of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve F. Dash
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Angela D. Bryan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Manshu Yang
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Tammy Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Health, Healthcare Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Karen A. Hudson
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
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3
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Mackiewicz Seghete KL, Filbey FM, Hudson KA, Hyun B, Feldstein Ewing SW. Time for a paradigm shift: The adolescent brain in addiction treatment. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 34:102960. [PMID: 35172248 PMCID: PMC8850747 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.102960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One route to improve adolescent addiction treatment outcomes is to use translational approaches to help identify developmental neuroscience mechanisms that undergird active treatment ingredients and advance adolescent behavior change. METHODS This sample included 163 adolescents (ages 15-19) randomized to motivational interviewing (MI) vs. brief adolescent mindfulness (BAM). Youth completed an fMRI paradigm assessing adolescent brain response to therapist language (complex reflection vs. mindful; complex reflection vs. confront; mindful vs. confront) at pre- (prior to the completion of the full intervention) and post-treatment (at 3-month follow-up) and behavioral measures at 3, 6 and 12 months. RESULTS Youth in both treatment groups showed significant problem drinking reductions at 3 and 6 months, but MI youth demonstrated significantly better treatment outcomes than BAM youth at 12 months. We observed several significant treatment group differences (MI > BAM) in neural response to therapist language, including at pre-treatment when examining complex reflection vs. mindful, and complex reflection vs. confront (e.g., superior temporal gyrus, lingual gyrus); and at post-treatment when examining mindful vs. confront (e.g., supplementary motor area; middle frontal gyrus). When collapsed across treatment groups (MI + BAM), we observed significant differences by time, with youth showing a pattern of brain change in response to complex reflection vs. mindful, and complex reflection vs. confront (e.g., precuneus; postcentral gyrus). There was no evidence of a significant group × time interaction. However, brain change in response to therapist language (complex reflection vs. confront) in regions such as middle frontal gyrus, was associated with reductions in problem drinking at 12 months. Yet, few treatment group differences were observed. CONCLUSIONS These data underscore the need to better understand therapist language and it's impact on the developing brain, in order to inform and aggregate the most impactful elements of addiction treatment for future treatment development for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Mackiewicz Seghete
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Psychiatry, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, M/C UHN80R1, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Francesca M Filbey
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
| | - Karen A Hudson
- Departments of Psychology and Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, 130 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 USA.
| | - Benedict Hyun
- Departments of Psychology and Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, 130 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 USA.
| | - Sarah W Feldstein Ewing
- Departments of Psychology and Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, 130 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 USA.
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4
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Hui KYL, Wong CHY, Siu AMH, Lee TMC, Chan CCH. Cognitive and Emotional Appraisal of Motivational Interviewing Statements: An Event-Related Potential Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:727175. [PMID: 34630059 PMCID: PMC8494474 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.727175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The counseling process involves attention, emotional perception, cognitive appraisal, and decision-making. This study aimed to investigate cognitive appraisal and the associated emotional processes when reading short therapists' statements of motivational interviewing (MI). Thirty participants with work injuries were classified into the pre-contemplation (PC, n = 15) or readiness stage of the change group (RD, n = 15). The participants viewed MI congruent (MI-C), MI incongruent (MI-INC), or control phrases during which their electroencephalograms were captured. The results indicated significant Group × Condition effects in the frontally oriented late positive complex (P600/LPC). The P600/LPC's amplitudes were more positive-going in the PC than in the RD group for the MI congruent statements. Within the PC group, the amplitudes of the N400 were significantly correlated (r = 0.607–0.649) with the participants' level of negative affect. Our findings suggest that the brief contents of MI statements alone can elicit late cognitive and emotional appraisal processes beyond semantic processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Y L Hui
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR China.,The Hong Kong Society for Rehabilitation, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Clive H Y Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Andrew M H Siu
- Department of Health Sciences, Brunel University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tatia M C Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Chetwyn C H Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
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5
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Grodin EN, Lim AC, MacKillop J, Karno MP, Ray LA. An Examination of Motivation to Change and Neural Alcohol Cue Reactivity Following a Brief Intervention. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:408. [PMID: 31244697 PMCID: PMC6580427 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Brief interventions represent a promising psychological intervention targeting individuals with heavy alcohol use. Motivation to change represents an individual's openness to engage in a behavior change strategy and is thought to be a crucial component of brief interventions. Neuroimaging techniques provide a translational tool to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms underlying potential mediators of treatment response, including motivation to change. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of a brief intervention on motivation to change drinking behavior and neural alcohol taste cue reactivity. Methods: Non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers were randomized to receive a brief drinking intervention (n = 22) or an attention-matched control (n = 24). Three indices of motivation to change were assessed at baseline and after the intervention or control session: importance, confidence, and readiness. Immediately following the intervention or control session, participants also underwent an functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed an alcohol taste cues paradigm. Results: There was a significant effect of the brief intervention on increasing ratings of importance of changing drinking behavior, but not on ratings of confidence or readiness to change. Ratings of importance after the intervention or control session were associated with neural alcohol taste cue reactivity, but notably, this effect was only significant for participants who received the intervention. Individuals in the intervention condition showed a positive association between ratings of importance and activation in the precuneus, posterior cingulate, and insula. Conclusions: The brief drinking intervention was successful at improving one dimension of motivation to change among non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers. The brief intervention moderated the relationship between ratings of importance and brain activation in circuitry associated with interoceptive awareness and self-reflection. Together, findings represent an initial step toward understanding the neurobiological mechanisms through which a brief intervention may improve motivation to change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica N. Grodin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Aaron C. Lim
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - James MacKillop
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mitchell P. Karno
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lara A. Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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6
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Grodin EN, Ray LA, MacKillop J, Lim AC, Karno MP. Elucidating the Effect of a Brief Drinking Intervention Using Neuroimaging: A Preliminary Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:367-377. [PMID: 30556913 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brief interventions have empirical support for acutely reducing alcohol use among non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers. Neuroimaging techniques allow for the examination of the neurobiological effect of behavioral interventions, probing brain systems putatively involved in clinical response to treatment. Few studies have prospectively evaluated whether psychosocial interventions attenuate neural cue reactivity that in turn reduces drinking in the same population. This study aimed to examine the effect of a brief intervention on drinking outcomes, neural alcohol cue reactivity, and the ability of neural alcohol cue reactivity to prospectively predict drinking outcomes. METHODS Non-treatment-seeking heavy drinking participants were randomized to receive a brief interview intervention (n = 22) or an attention-matched control (n = 24). Immediately following the intervention or control, participants underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan comprised of the alcohol taste cues paradigm. Four weeks after the intervention (or control), participants completed a follow-up visit to report on their past-month drinking. Baseline and follow-up percent heavy drinking days (PHDD) were calculated for each participant. RESULTS There was no significant effect of the brief intervention on PHDD at follow-up or on modulating neural activation to alcohol relative to water taste cues. There was a significant association between neural response to alcohol taste cues and PHDD across groups (Z > 2.3, p < 0.05), such that individuals who had greater neural reactivity to alcohol taste cues in the precuneus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) had fewer PHDD at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS This study did not find an effect of the brief intervention on alcohol use in this sample, and the intervention was not associated with differential neural alcohol cue reactivity. Nevertheless, greater activation of the precuneus and PFC during alcohol cue exposure predicted less alcohol use prospectively suggesting that these neural substrates subserve the effects of alcohol cues on drinking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica N Grodin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lara A Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - James MacKillop
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Aaron C Lim
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mitchell P Karno
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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7
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Feldstein Ewing SW, Chung T, Caouette JD, Ketcherside A, Hudson KA, Filbey FM. Orbitofrontal cortex connectivity as a mechanism of adolescent behavior change. Neuroimage 2016; 151:14-23. [PMID: 28039093 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have implicated the role of network functional connectivity in addiction. Yet, none have examined functional connectivity as a potential mechanism of adolescent behavior change. We examined the underlying neural mechanism of a promising treatment for adolescents, motivational interviewing (MI). We began by employing psychophysiological interaction (PPI) to evaluate network response in a sample of adolescent cannabis users (N=30). Next, we examined correlations between network connectivity and clinical metrics of treatment outcome. PPI analyses seeded on the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) showed significant increases in functional connectivity across the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), precentral gyrus, anterior and posterior cingulate gyrus, supplementary motor area (SMA), superior frontal gyrus, pallidus, caudate, and parahippocampal gyrus. Further, greater functional connectivity between the OFC and anterior cingulate/medial frontal gyrus was associated with less behavior change (e.g., greater post-treatment cannabis problems). These data support the role of the OFC network as a mechanism of adolescent treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah W Feldstein Ewing
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Psychiatry, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., M/C DC7P, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Tammy Chung
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, 3811 O'Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Justin D Caouette
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Psychiatry, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., M/C DC7P, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Arielle Ketcherside
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
| | - Karen A Hudson
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Psychiatry, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., M/C DC7P, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Francesca M Filbey
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
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8
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Feldstein Ewing SW, Apodaca TR, Gaume J. Ambivalence: Prerequisite for success in motivational interviewing with adolescents? Addiction 2016; 111:1900-1907. [PMID: 26814983 PMCID: PMC4963310 DOI: 10.1111/add.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The exploration and resolution of ambivalence play an essential role in motivational interviewing (MI) theory. However, most adolescent MI studies have not examined ambivalence as a contributor to behaviour change. This paper reviewed research findings on the role of ambivalence in the adolescent change process. METHODS AND RESULTS We undertook a narrative review of the published empirical and theoretical literature on ambivalence and mechanisms of change in MI for adolescents and found that current MI evaluations appear not to have access to reliable and valid measures of ambivalence in adolescence or neuroimaging methods to evaluate the mechanisms of treatment response. CONCLUSIONS Improved instrumentation is needed to assess adolescents' ambivalence in clinical and research settings. Innovative methodology, including neuroimaging, may help identify factors mediating relationships between adolescents' ambivalence and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. W. Feldstein Ewing
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Portland, OR USA
| | - T. R. Apodaca
- Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO USA,University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Kansas City, MO USA
| | - J. Gaume
- Lausanne University Hospital, Department of Community Health and Medicine, Alcohol Treatment Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Borsari B, Apodaca TR, Yurasek A, Monti PM. Does mental status impact therapist and patient communication in emergency department brief interventions addressing alcohol use? J Subst Abuse Treat 2016; 73:1-8. [PMID: 28017179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Motivational interviewing (MI) is often incorporated into screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) interventions in critical care settings to address alcohol and other drug use. However, cognitive status has been linked to differential response to MI sessions in emergency department (ED) settings. The current study examined one possible explanation for this differential response: whether higher versus lower mental status impacts patient response to clinician statements during MI sessions conducted in an ED. Participants were 126 patients receiving an MI-based single-session alcohol brief intervention, and 13 therapists who provided treatment. Participants completed a mental status exam (MSE) as part of the screening process. Intervention sessions were audio-taped, and transcribed and coded using the Motivational Interviewing Skills Code (MISC 2.0; Miller, Moyers, Ernst, & Amrhein, 2003). The MISC 2.0 coded therapist behaviors that are related to the use of motivational interviewing, and patient language reflecting movement toward (change talk) or away from (sustain talk) changing personal alcohol use. Overall, patients responded in a similar manner to therapist MI behaviors regardless of high versus low level of mental functioning at the time of the intervention. Group differences emerged on patient response to only three specific therapist skills: giving information, open questions, and complex reflection. Thus, the differential effects of SBIRT in critical care settings do not appear to be a result of differences in the therapist and patient communication process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Borsari
- Mental Health Service (116B), San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement St., San Francisco, CA 94121; Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, and Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Box G-S121-4, Providence, RI 02912; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143.
| | - Timothy R Apodaca
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Rd., Kansas City, MO, 64108; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66103
| | - Ali Yurasek
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, and Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Box G-S121-4, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Peter M Monti
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, and Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Box G-S121-4, Providence, RI 02912
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10
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Feldstein Ewing SW, Tapert SF, Molina BSG. Uniting adolescent neuroimaging and treatment research: Recommendations in pursuit of improved integration. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 62:109-14. [PMID: 26748378 PMCID: PMC4767630 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many clinicians who provide mental health treatment find developmental neuroscience discoveries to be exciting. However, the utility of these findings often seem far removed from everyday clinical care. Thus, the goal of this article is to offer a bridge to connect the fields of applied adolescent treatment and developmental neuroscience investigation. An overview of the relevance of developmental neuroscience in adolescent direct practice and a rationale for how and why this integration could benefit adolescent treatment outcomes is provided. Finally, a series of practical suggestions is generated for enhancing collaborative, interdisciplinary work that ultimately advances treatment response for this important clinical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah W Feldstein Ewing
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Psychiatry, 3314 SW US Veteran's Hospital Rd. M/C DC7P, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Susan F Tapert
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, Psychology Service (116B), 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0603 V, USA.
| | - Brooke S G Molina
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, 3811 O'Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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11
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Thayer RE, Feldstein Ewing SW. Adolescent psychotherapy for addiction medicine. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2016; 224:305-22. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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12
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Feldstein Ewing SW, Houck JM, Yezhuvath U, Shokri-Kojori E, Truitt D, Filbey FM. The impact of therapists' words on the adolescent brain: In the context of addiction treatment. Behav Brain Res 2015; 297:359-69. [PMID: 26455873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
At this time, we still do not know how therapist behaviors influence adolescent brain response and related treatment outcomes. Therefore, we examined this question with 17 binge drinking youth (mean age=16.62 years; 64.3% female; 42.9% Hispanic; 28.6% bi-/multi-racial). In this within-subjects design, all youth completed a baseline assessment, two therapy sessions, an fMRI scan, and were re-evaluated for behavior change at one-month post-treatment. During the fMRI session, youth were presented with two types of responses from their treating therapist: higher-skill statements prescribed in an empirically-supported addiction treatment (complex reflections) vs. language standard within addiction treatment more broadly (closed questions). In terms of behavior change, at the one-month follow-up, youth showed significant reductions in number of drinking days and binge drinking days. Further, we found main effects for complex reflections and closed questions across the superior middle temporal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus (FWE-corrected, p<.05). Greater brain response was observed for complex reflections versus closed questions within the bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus. Greater BOLD response in the parietal lobe during closed questions was significantly associated with less post-treatment drinking. Lower BOLD response during complex reflections and closed questions in the precuneus were associated with greater post-treatment ratings of importance of changing. This study represents a first step in understanding how therapist behaviors influence the developing adolescent brain and how that neural response may be associated with youth treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah W Feldstein Ewing
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Psychiatry, 3314 SW US Veteran's Hospital Road, M/C DC7P, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Jon M Houck
- University of New Mexico Department of Psychology and Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions (UNM CASAA), 2650 Yale Blvd SE, MSC11 6280, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Uma Yezhuvath
- Advance MRI LLC, 8700 Stonebrook Parkway, #105, Frisco, TX 75034, USA.
| | | | - Dustin Truitt
- University of New Mexico Department of Psychology and Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions (UNM CASAA), 2650 Yale Blvd SE, MSC11 6280, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Francesca M Filbey
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
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Klonek FE, Güntner AV, Lehmann-Willenbrock N, Kauffeld S. Using Motivational Interviewing to reduce threats in conversations about environmental behavior. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1015. [PMID: 26257676 PMCID: PMC4508486 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human behavior contributes to a waste of environmental resources and our society is looking for ways to reduce this problem. However, humans may perceive feedback about their environmental behavior as threatening. According to self-determination theory (SDT), threats decrease intrinsic motivation for behavior change. According to self-affirmation theory (SAT), threats can harm individuals’ self-integrity. Therefore, individuals should show self-defensive biases, e.g., in terms of presenting counter-arguments when presented with environmental behavior change. The current study examines how change recipients respond to threats from change agents in interactions about environmental behavior change. Moreover, we investigate how Motivational Interviewing (MI) — an intervention aimed at increasing intrinsic motivation — can reduce threats at both the social and cognitive level. We videotaped 68 dyadic interactions with change agents who either did or did not use MI (control group). We coded agents verbal threats and recipients’ verbal expressions of motivation. Recipients also rated agents’ level of confrontation and empathy (i.e., cognitive reactions). As hypothesized, threats were significantly lower when change agents used MI. Perceived confrontations converged with observable social behavior of change agents in both groups. Moreover, behavioral threats showed a negative association with change recipients’ expressed motivation (i.e., reasons to change). Contrary to our expectations, we found no relation between change agents’ verbal threats and change recipients’ verbally expressed self-defenses (i.e., sustain talk). Our results imply that MI reduces the adverse impact of threats in conversations about environmental behavior change on both the social and cognitive level. We discuss theoretical implications of our study in the context of SAT and SDT and suggest practical implications for environmental change agents in organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian E Klonek
- Department of Industrial/Organizational and Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Amelie V Güntner
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nale Lehmann-Willenbrock
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Simone Kauffeld
- Department of Industrial/Organizational and Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig, Germany
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