1
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Lee A, Flack M, Caudwell KM. Excite, or Take Flight? Exploring the Relationship between Difficulties with Emotion Regulation, Outcome Expectancies, and Problem Gambling. J Gambl Stud 2024:10.1007/s10899-024-10340-4. [PMID: 39052190 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-024-10340-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Emotional dysregulation is a transdiagnostic process associated with a range of addictive behaviours including problem gambling, with emerging research indicating that emotionally oriented reasons for gambling (i.e., excitement, escape) are associated with problem gambling. However, the relationships between difficulties with emotion regulation, reasons for gambling, and problem gambling, are unclear. The current study tested whether the association between difficulties with emotion regulation and problem gambling could be explained by escape and excitement gambling outcome expectancies. A total of 187 regular gamblers recruited via social media (50.3% male, 48.7% female) completed measures of difficulties with emotion regulation, gambling outcome expectancies, and problem gambling severity (Mage = 41.07, SD = 15.8). Analyses revealed that escape outcome expectancies partially mediated the relationship between difficulties with emotion regulation and problem gambling severity. However, the mediating effect of excitement on this relationship was not significant. The findings suggest that individuals with greater emotional regulation difficulties may engage in problem gambling to help manage aversive emotional states. The study's findings illustrate the importance of considering emotional dysregulation and outcome expectancies in problem gambling treatment planning and public health strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Lee
- Faculty of Health, Ellengowan Drive, Casuarina, NT, 0810, Australia
| | - Mal Flack
- Faculty of Health, Ellengowan Drive, Casuarina, NT, 0810, Australia.
- Researchers in Behavioural Addictions, Alcohol and Drugs, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Casuarina, NT, 0810, Australia.
| | - Kim M Caudwell
- Faculty of Health, Ellengowan Drive, Casuarina, NT, 0810, Australia
- Researchers in Behavioural Addictions, Alcohol and Drugs, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Casuarina, NT, 0810, Australia
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2
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Komoto Y. Role of Motivation in the Progression of Problem Gambling: A Comparison of Early and Late Adults. J Gambl Stud 2024:10.1007/s10899-024-10331-5. [PMID: 38907746 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-024-10331-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Motivation plays a dominant role in gambling progression. Most studies using motivational scales have revealed that certain motivations are associated with problem gambling. However, age differences were found to be negligible in gambling motivation. This study aimed to examine the role of motivation associated with age differences in problem gambling in Japan. A total of 160 participants over 20 years of age who had gambled within the past six months were randomly recruited from web monitors. In this study, the Japanese version of the modified Gambling Motivation Scale (J-MGMS) was used which comprises six systematic factors: intellectual challenge, excitement, socialization (coping and sociability), social recognition, monetary gain, and amotivation. The Japanese version of the South Oaks Gambling Screening (J-SOGS) was used to assess participants' gambling-related problems. Demographic data, such as gambling frequency, were solicited. Using linear regression analysis, amotivation in all participants, social recognition in early adults (under 30), and amotivation in late adults (30 or over) were associated with J-SOGS scores (adjusted R2 = 0.170, 0.290, 0.156). Among late adults, social recognition was nearly significant, although negative (p = 0.0503). 1) Self-determinant (autonomous) motivations such as excitement and socialization do not contribute to the progression of problem gambling. 2) Two non-self-determinant (non-autonomous) motivations, social recognition in early adults and amotivation in late adults, are predictors of problem gambling. 3) Social recognition is a dichotomic and paradoxical motivation in the progress of problem gambling according to age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Komoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yoshino Hospital, 2252 Zushimachi, Machida city, Tokyo, 1940203, Japan.
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3
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Murphy MP, Murphy R, Roberts A. Correlates of Problematic Gambling in Emerging Adult University Students in Ireland. J Gambl Stud 2024:10.1007/s10899-024-10323-5. [PMID: 38849661 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-024-10323-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding the correlates of problematic gambling among emerging adult university students is crucial for developing effective approaches to minimise harm. METHODS This cross-sectional survey study reports on 397 18-25 year old emerging adults studying at Irish universities who completed an online survey about problematic gambling and a range of biopsychosocial variables. Chi-square and binary logistic regression analyses explored the relationships between problematic gambling and the biopsychosocial variables measured. RESULTS Chi-square analyses showed that being male, having an online gambling account, having a mobile gambling app, novelty seeking (impulsivity), harm avoidance (fear of uncertainty), and high alcohol volume consumption were significantly associated with problematic gambling. Regression analyses showed that individuals were more likely to report problematic gambling if they were male (OR = 9.57 times), had an online gambling account (OR = 17.05 times), had a mobile gambling app (OR = 20.37 times), scored high in impulsivity (OR = 7.79 times), and reported high alcohol volume consumption (OR = 4.66 times). Individuals were less likely to report problematic gambling if they scored high in fear of uncertainty (OR = 0.26 times). CONCLUSIONS A high rate of problematic gambling was observed among the current study sample. Participants were more likely to reported problematic gambling if they were male, had online gambling accounts, mobile gambling apps, scored high in impulsivity, scored low in fear of uncertainty, or consumed high volumes of alcohol in typical drinking sessions. These findings have implications for Irish legislation and policy-makers, Irish higher education institutions, and young adult Irish university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Murphy
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- Knowsley and St Helens Community Learning Disability Team, Willis House, 23 Cumber Lane, Whiston, Merseyside, L35 2YZ, UK.
| | - Raegan Murphy
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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4
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Tessier S, Romo L, Zerhouni O. Emotional Dysregulation, Shame and Guilt Predict Severity of Gambling Among a Population of Gamblers. J Gambl Stud 2024; 40:793-807. [PMID: 37676582 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-023-10248-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few years, gambling has diversified, particularly with the arrival of legislation authorizing online gambling in 2010 in France. Psychology has been very interested in emotional regulation strategies, and more recently and more sparsely in the presence of shame and guilt. Through an observational study (N = 1955) shame, guilt, and emotional regulation were assessed among gamblers. We found that (i) Less guilt is associated with problem gambling, (ii) Shame-proneness is similar regardless of the type of gamblers, (iii) Every facet of emotion regulation indicates less effective strategies for problem gamblers excepted for a behavior oriented to a goal. These results suggest the importance of shame or guilt as predictors of problem gambling, as well as processes underlying emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Tessier
- EA 4430 Clinique Psychanalyse Développement (Clipsyd), Université Paris Nanterre, 92000, Nanterre, France.
- EA 4386 (Équipe PS2C), Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, 200 av. de la République, 92001, Nanterre Cedex, France.
| | - Lucia Romo
- EA 4430 Clinique Psychanalyse Développement (Clipsyd), Université Paris Nanterre, 92000, Nanterre, France
- Hôpital Universitaire Raymond Poincaré (AP-HP) INSERM CESP U1018 UPS UVSQ, Garches, France
| | - Oulmann Zerhouni
- EA 4386 (Équipe PS2C), Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, 200 av. de la République, 92001, Nanterre Cedex, France
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, CRFDP, 76000, Rouen, France
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5
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Gavriel-Fried B, Malka I, Levin Y. The Dual Burden of Emerging Adulthood: Assessing Gambling Severity, Gambling-Related Harm, and Mental Health Challenges. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:702. [PMID: 38928948 PMCID: PMC11203917 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Growing concerns over gambling problems across age groups have sparked research in public health and psychology. During emerging adulthood, individuals are more susceptible to mental health problems and more likely to develop gambling problems than in other age groups. This study explored the potential differences between emerging adults and adults aged 30+ in terms of problem gambling severity (PGS), gambling-related harm (GRH), depression and anxiety, and the mediating role of depression and anxiety in the association between age, PGS, and GRH. A representative online sample of 3244 Israelis aged 18 and over was divided into two groups: 740 emerging adults aged 18-29 and 2504 adults aged 30+. Gambling behaviors, the Problem Gambling Severity Index, the Short Gambling Harm Screen, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 assessing depression and anxiety were administered. Emerging adults had significantly higher levels of GRH, PGS, and depression-anxiety than their older counterparts, above and beyond gender and education. Depression-anxiety fully mediated the associations between age and gambling-related outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of considering psychological well-being in efforts to address problem gambling and gambling-related harms, especially in emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belle Gavriel-Fried
- The Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo 6997801, Israel;
| | - Inbar Malka
- The Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo 6997801, Israel;
| | - Yafit Levin
- Department of Social Work, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
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6
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Floyd CG, Kraus SW, Grubbs JB. Gambling in a U.S. Census Matched Sample: Examining Interactions between Means and Motives in Predicting Problematic Outcomes. J Gambl Stud 2024:10.1007/s10899-024-10302-w. [PMID: 38592616 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-024-10302-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on risk of Problem Gambling (PG) is complex, particularly given recent evidence that SES should be understood in both objective and subjective terms. Likewise, financial gambling motives have been found to be predictive of PG; however, financial motives are less understood in comparison to other gambling motives. Preliminary findings on SES and gambling points towards a pattern of social inequality in which those with the least financial resources (e.g., income) or that feel financially deprived relative to others (e.g., perceived deprivation) experience greater harm and problems. In a weighted, census matched sample of adults in the U.S. (N = 1,348), the present study examined the interaction between financial gambling motives and income and financial gambling motives and perceived deprivation in predicting PG. Findings provided support for both financial gambling motives and perceived deprivation as robust predictors of PG. Further, results provided unique insights into the role subjective economic standing may play in the relationship between financial motives for gambling and risk of PG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Floyd
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, 822 E. Merry Ave, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA.
| | - Shane W Kraus
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, CEB 320, 89154, USA
| | - Joshua B Grubbs
- Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, And Addictions (CASAA), University of New Mexico, 2650 Yale BLVD SE, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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7
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Estévez A, Jauregui P, Momeñe J, Macía L. Association Between Gambling Motives, Violence and Early Maladaptive Schemas in Women with Gambling Disorder. J Gambl Stud 2024:10.1007/s10899-024-10285-8. [PMID: 38427267 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-024-10285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Analyzing why being a victim of violence has led women to have problems with gambling is a field yet to be explored. Thus, the objectives of the present study were (I) analyze the relationship between gambling motives, received psychological violence, and early maladaptive schemas in women; (II) study differences in the study variables in women with and without gambling disorder (GD); (III) analyze the predictive role of violence and schemas in gambling motives; and (IV) analyze the mediating role of schemas in the relationship between violence and gambling motives. The sample comprised 61 women with GD (M = 48.43, SD = 12.78) and 342 women without GD (M = 26.91, SD = 11.47). The results of the present study revealed positive correlations between gambling motives, psychological violence received and early maladaptive schemas. In addition, women with GD scored higher on the study variables. It was also found that early maladaptive schemas based on subjugation and defectiveness may be a vulnerability factor for engaging in gambling to cope with the negative emotions produced by gender violence. From a clinical perspective, knowing the risk factors related to gambling motives in women is crucial to developing effective prevention and intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Estévez
- University of Deusto, Avda. de las Facultades, 24, 48007, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - P Jauregui
- University of Deusto, Avda. de las Facultades, 24, 48007, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - J Momeñe
- University of Deusto, Avda. de las Facultades, 24, 48007, Bilbao, Spain
| | - L Macía
- University of Deusto, Avda. de las Facultades, 24, 48007, Bilbao, Spain
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8
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Mestre-Bach G, Potenza MN, Granero R, Uríszar JC, Tarragón E, Chiclana Actis C, Testa G, Fernández-Aranda F, Jiménez-Murcia S. Understanding the Co-occurrence of Gambling Disorder and Problematic Pornography Use: Exploring Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors. J Gambl Stud 2023:10.1007/s10899-023-10274-3. [PMID: 38151657 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-023-10274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The co-occurrence between gambling disorder (GD) and problematic pornography use (PPU) has not yet been explored. Therefore, the present study compared (a) sociodemographic variables, (b) GD-related factors, (c) substance use, (d) psychopathology, (e) personality features, (f) impulsivity, and (g) emotion regulation between individuals with GD (GD group) and those with co-occurring GD and PPU (GD+PPU group). The sample consisted of 359 treatment-seeking individuals with GD: n = 332 individuals had GD only (GD group) and n = 37 individuals had GD and co-occurring PPU (GD+PPU group). GD severity, impulsivity, psychopathology, personality, emotion regulation, and other sociodemographic and clinical variables were assessed. No between-group differences in sociodemographic measures were observed. The GD+PPU group demonstrated greater GD severity and a higher likelihood of substance use compared to those without PPU. Furthermore, the presence of PPU was associated with worse psychopathology, higher impulsivity (except for lack of premeditation and positive urgency), more difficulties in emotion regulation (except for non-acceptance of emotions and limited access to emotions), and a personality profile characterized by lower levels of self-directedness and cooperativeness. The co-occurrence of GD and PPU seems associated with a more dysfunctional clinical profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Mestre-Bach
- Instituto de Investigación, Transferencia e Innovación, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Avenida de la Paz, 137, 26006, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Uríszar
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Sub-Directorate General for the Regulation of Gambling, Directorate General for Taxation and Gambling, Secretariat of Finance, Ministry of the Economy and Finance, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Chiclana Actis
- Instituto de Investigación, Transferencia e Innovación, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Avenida de la Paz, 137, 26006, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
- Unidad de Sexología Clínica y Salud Sexual, Consulta Dr. Carlos Chiclana, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giulia Testa
- Instituto de Investigación, Transferencia e Innovación, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Avenida de la Paz, 137, 26006, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL and CIBERObn, c/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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9
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Estévez A, Macía L, Macía P. Looking at Sex Differences in Gambling Disorder: The Predictive Role of the Early Abandonment Schema, Gambling Motives and Alexithymia in Depression. J Gambl Stud 2023; 39:1815-1832. [PMID: 37733147 PMCID: PMC10628046 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-023-10251-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of research indicates differences between men and women with gambling disorder. However, although alexithymia, gambling motives or abandonment have been associated with GD, women's clinical profile remains unexplored. This study aims, firstly, to explore mean differences in gambling motives (i.e. enhancement, coping and social [SOC]), the early maladaptive abandonment schema, alexithymia and depression in women and men with GD. Secondly, to analyse the correlation between the aforementioned variables as a function of sex. Thirdly, to examine the predictive role of gambling motives, early abandonment schema and alexithymia in depression as a function of sex. Lastly, to analyse the mediating role of COP between the early maladaptive abandonment schema and depression in women with GD, and the mediating role of ENH and the early maladaptive abandonment schema between alexithymia and depression in men with GD. The sample comprised 108 adults with GD diagnosis, of whom 60 were women and 48 were men. Regression and mediation analyses were carried out to explore possible sex differences in GD, through the SPSS programme. Results showed that depressive symptoms are predicted by alexithymia in men with GD and by the early maladaptive abandonment schema in women with GD. Regarding mediation analyses, the results suggest that COP mediated the relationship between early abandonment schema and depressive symptoms in females; and ENH and abandonment schema mediated the relationship between alexithymia and depressive symptoms in males. These results provide evidence of the relevance of considering sex differences when establishing therapeutic strategies in GD rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Estévez
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Apartado 1, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Laura Macía
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Apartado 1, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Patricia Macía
- Department of Basic Psychological Processes and Their Development, University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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10
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Rizzo A, La Rosa VL, Commodari E, Alparone D, Crescenzo P, Yıldırım M, Chirico F. Wanna Bet? Investigating the Factors Related to Adolescent and Young Adult Gambling. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:2202-2213. [PMID: 37887156 PMCID: PMC10606462 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
For many adolescents and young adults, gambling can represent an attractive and exciting form of entertainment, a way to take risks and explore new experiences. However, gambling also poses a significant risk for this age group. Research suggests that adolescents and young adults are particularly vulnerable to the negative consequences of gambling, including addiction, financial difficulties, and mental health issues. This paper aims to critically examine data on adolescent and young adult gambling, focusing on the risk factors associated with gambling behavior. A total of 326 subjects (Mage = 19.01; SD =2.72), of whom 65.5% were female, completed a protocol containing a demographic sheet, the Lie/Bet Questionnaire, the Seven Domains Addiction Scale (7DAS), a subscale of the Addictive Behavior Questionnaire and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS). Specifically, we explored the impact of sociodemographic, environmental, psychological, and cognitive factors on adolescent and young adult gambling behavior. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Rizzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Elena Commodari
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (V.L.L.R.)
| | - Dario Alparone
- Department of Psychology, University of Rennes 2, 35700 Rennes, France
| | - Pietro Crescenzo
- Department of Education Sciences, Psychology and Communication Sciences, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Murat Yıldırım
- Department of Psychology, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, 04100 Agri, Turkey
- Graduate Studies and Research, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102-2801, Lebanon
| | - Francesco Chirico
- Post-Graduate School of Occupational Health, Sacred Heart Catholic University, 75732 Rome, Italy
- Health Service Department, Italian State Police, Ministry of the Interior, 20123 Milan, Italy
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11
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Mestre-Bach G, Granero R, Fernández-Aranda F, Potenza MN, Jiménez-Murcia S. Roles for Alexithymia, Emotion Dysregulation and Personality Features in Gambling Disorder: A Network Analysis. J Gambl Stud 2023; 39:1207-1223. [PMID: 36434175 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-022-10164-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although there is a growing interest in exploring the specific role of both emotional regulation processes and alexithymia in gambling disorder (GD), evidence remains scarce. In order to delve deeper into the complex interactions between these factors, the present study aimed at exploring a network of the core GD-related features, including GD symptomatology and severity, emotion dysregulation, alexithymia, and personality features. The sample included N = 739 treatment-seeking patients with GD (691 men and 48 women), aged 18-78 years (mean age = 39.2, SD = 13.2). The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria were assessed in, and the South Oaks Gambling Screen, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised were administered to, participants. A network analysis was conducted to reveal inter-relationships between these elements. Three nodes related to emotion dysregulation showed the most critical position in the whole network of the present study: "lack of emotional awareness", "non-acceptance of emotional responses", and "difficulties engaging in goal-directed behaviors". When analyzing emotional dysregulation using the different DERS subscales, two independent clusters were identified. One cluster encompassed alexithymia dimensions ("lack of awareness" and "lack of clarity"), while the other cluster included all other emotion-dysregulation dimensions. Identification of the emotion-dysregulation- and GD-related features with the highest centrality/linkage may be particularly useful for developing valid measurement tools and precise management plans for individuals with GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Mestre-Bach
- Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, La Rioja, Spain
- Institute for Culture and Society (ICS), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de Les Ciències de La Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA.
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Syvertsen A, Leino T, Pallesen S, Smith ORF, Sivertsen B, Griffiths MD, Mentzoni RA. Marital status and gambling disorder: a longitudinal study based on national registry data. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:199. [PMID: 36978051 PMCID: PMC10045908 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04697-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marital status is a robust correlate of disordered gambling, but few studies have examined the direction of this association. METHODS The present study used a case-control design by including all adults receiving their first gambling disorder (GD) diagnosis between January 2008 to December 2018 (Norwegian Patient Registry, n = 5,121) and compared them against age and gender matched individuals with other somatic/psychiatric illnesses (Norwegian Patient Registry, n = 27,826) and a random sample from the general population (FD-Trygd database, n = 26,695). The study examined marital status before GD, getting divorced as a risk factor for future GD, and becoming married as a protective factor of future GD. RESULTS The findings indicated an 8-9 percentage points higher prevalence of unmarried people and about a 5 percentage points higher prevalence of separation/divorce among those that subsequently experienced GD compared to controls. Logistic regressions showed that transition through divorce was associated with higher odds of future GD compared to illness controls (odds ratio [OR] = 2.45, 95% CI [2.06, 2.92]) and the general population (OR = 2.41 [2.02, 2.87]). Logistic regressions also showed that transition through marriage was associated with lower odds of future GD compared to illness controls (OR = 0.62, CI [0.55, 0.70]) and the general population (OR = 0.57, CI [0.50, 0.64]). CONCLUSIONS Social bonds have previously been shown to impact physical and mental health, and the findings of the study emphasize the importance of considering social network history and previous relationship dissolution among individuals with GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Syvertsen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7807, Bergen, 5020, Norway.
- Norwegian Competence Center for Gambling and Gaming Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Tony Leino
- Deparment of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7807, Bergen, 5020, Norway
- Norwegian Competence Center for Gambling and Gaming Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Otto R F Smith
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7807, Bergen, 5020, Norway
- Deparment of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Teacher Education, NLA University College, Bergen, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Deparment of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Research & Innovation, Helse Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rune Aune Mentzoni
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7807, Bergen, 5020, Norway
- Norwegian Competence Center for Gambling and Gaming Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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13
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Thurm A, Satel J, Montag C, Griffiths MD, Pontes HM. The Relationship Between Gambling Disorder, Stressful Life Events, Gambling-Related Cognitive Distortions, Difficulty in Emotion Regulation, and Self-Control. J Gambl Stud 2023; 39:87-101. [PMID: 35921002 PMCID: PMC9346051 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-022-10151-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gambling Disorder (GD) is a prominent psychiatric disorder affecting individuals worldwide. Research suggests that key risk factors for GD include stressful life events (SLEs) and specific psychological factors, such as gambling-related cognitive distortions. The present study investigated the potential mediating role of specific psychological factors (i.e., gambling-related cognitive distortions, difficulty in emotion regulation, and self-control) in the relationship between SLEs and GD. A cross-sectional study using an online survey was developed to investigate the relationship between SLEs and GD in a mediation model. A total of 516 participants were initially recruited online to the present study, and data from 290 participants were fully included in the statistical analyses conducted. Sociodemographic and gambling-related data were collected in addition to data related to participants' SLEs, GD, gambling-related cognitive distortions, difficulty in emotion regulation, and self-control. The results of the parallel multiple mediation analysis conducted found that gambling-related cognitive distortions and difficulty in emotion regulation mediated the relationship between SLEs events and GD. However, self-control was not found to mediate this relationship. The findings suggest that individuals who experience SLEs may be more vulnerable to the development of GD through their belief in gambling-related cognitive distortions and experience of difficulty regulating their emotions. Implications regarding potential preventive efforts for GD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Thurm
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Jason Satel
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Christian Montag
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Halley M Pontes
- Department of Organizational Psychology, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet St, Bloomsbury, London, WC1E 7HX, UK.
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14
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Estévez A, Jauregui P, Momeñe J, Etxaburu N, Lopez-Gonzalez H. Hopelessness in gambling disorder: relationship with affect, alexithymia and gambling motives in young adults. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2152468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Estévez
- Psychology Department, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Paula Jauregui
- Psychology Department, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Janire Momeñe
- Psychology Department, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Nerea Etxaburu
- Psychology Department, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Hibai Lopez-Gonzalez
- Department of Library, Information, and Communication, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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e-Estesia: A Serious Game for Reducing Arousal, Improving Emotional Regulation and Increasing Wellbeing in Individuals with Gambling Disorder. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226798. [PMID: 36431275 PMCID: PMC9699009 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gambling disorder (GD) is associated with deficits in emotion regulation and impulsivity-related personality traits. In recent years there has been an increase in the use of serious games (SG) to address these factors with positive results. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of the intervention with a new SG (e-Estesia), as an adjunct to a CBT intervention for GD. The sample comprised two groups (experimental group (n = 40) and control group (n = 64)) of patients with GD diagnosis. Both groups received 16 weekly CBT sessions and, concurrently, only the experimental group received 15 additional sessions with e-Estesia. Pre-post treatment with e-Estesia administered in both groups were: DSM-5 Criteria, South Oaks Gambling Screen, Symptom Checklist-Revised and measure of relapses, dropout and compliance of treatment. As regards the experimental group were also administered: Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and Impulsive Behavior Scale. No statistically significant differences in the general psychopathological state, emotion regulation or impulsivity were found when comparing the groups. However, patients enrolled in the e-Estesia intervention had significantly less relapses and better indicators of treatment compliance than the control group. Considering these results, the use of complementary tools such as SG are useful for addressing GD.
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16
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Lee SB, Shin Y, Na J. Differences in gambling behaviors and mental health depending on types of gambling motives among young adults in Korea. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2130957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Bi Lee
- Department of Social Welfare (BK21 FOUR), Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Korea
| | - Yerim Shin
- Department of Social Welfare (BK21 FOUR), Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Korea
| | - Jihun Na
- Department of Social Welfare, Howon university, Gunsan-si, Korea
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17
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MacLaren V, McDonald V, Hollett KB, Harris N. Gambling Associated Risk-taking Behaviors Correlate with Emotional Regulation and the Iowa Gambling Task but not Wisconsin Card Sorting. J Gambl Stud 2022; 39:829-841. [PMID: 36064998 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-022-10157-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
It is not known why some novice gamblers eventually develop Gambling Disorder while most do not. This study tested predictions from two competing models of Gambling Disorder etiology: the Pathways Model of Problem and Pathological Gambling (Blaszczynski & Nower, 2002) and the Allostatic Model of addictions (Koob & Schulkin, 2019) applied to Gambling Disorder. Participants were drawn from introductory psychology courses and screened as non-gamblers (N = 91). They completed computerized versions of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT-2), Wisconsin Sorting Task (WCST-64), and a Difficulties with Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS). Risk-taking tendencies were observed by having participants play a typical electronic slots game for up to 15 min. Higher betting on the slots game was correlated with the frequency of Deck A selections on the IGT-2 and lower total DERS scores. There were no significant correlations involving slots betting and the WCST-64. Greater risk-taking on the slots game was correlated with more frequent wins, partial losses that were disguised as wins, bonus game features, and the largest nominal amount won on a single spin. However, there were no significant correlations between betting behaviors and the 'payback percentage', defined as total winnings as a proportion of total wagers made throughout the session. Post-game ratings were positively correlated with frequency of reinforcing outcomes. These findings suggest that novice gamblers' likelihood of further gambling participation may be elevated by high sensitivity to immediate rewards and low difficulty self-regulating negative emotions. These findings are consistent with the Allostatic Model; they are not consistent with Pathways Model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vance MacLaren
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, P.O. Box 4200, A1C-5S7, St. John's, NL, Canada.
| | - Valerie McDonald
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, P.O. Box 4200, A1C-5S7, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Kayla B Hollett
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, P.O. Box 4200, A1C-5S7, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Nick Harris
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, P.O. Box 4200, A1C-5S7, St. John's, NL, Canada
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Lara-Huallipe ML, Granero R, Fernández-Aranda F, Gómez-Peña M, Moragas L, Del Pino-Gutierrez A, Valenciano-Mendoza E, Mora-Maltas B, Baenas I, Etxandi M, Menchón JM, Jiménez-Murcia S. Clustering Treatment Outcomes in Women with Gambling Disorder. J Gambl Stud 2021; 38:1469-1491. [PMID: 34932187 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-021-10092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The rising prevalence of gambling disorder (GD) among women has awakened considerable interest in the study of therapeutic outcomes in females. This study aimed to explore profiles of women seeking treatment for GD based on a set of indicators including sociodemographic features, personality traits, clinical state at baseline, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) outcomes. Two-step clustering, an agglomerative hierarchical classification system, was applied to a sample of n = 163 women of ages ranging from 20 to 73 years-old, consecutively attended to by a clinical unit specialized in the treatment of G. Three mutually exclusive clusters were identified. Cluster C1 (n = 67, 41.1%) included the highest proportion of married, occupationally active patients within the highest social status index. This cluster was characterized by medium GD severity levels, the best psychopathological functioning, and the highest mean in the self-directedness trait. C1 registered 0% dropouts and only 14.9% relapse. Cluster C2 (n = 63; 38.7%) was characterized by the lowest GD severity, medium scores for psychopathological measures and a high risk of dropout during CBT. Cluster C3 (n = 33; 20.2%) registered the highest GD severity, the worst psychopathological state, the lowest self-directedness level and the highest harm-avoidance level, as well as the highest risk of relapse. These results provide new evidence regarding the heterogeneity of women diagnosed with GD and treated with CBT, based on the profile at pre- and post-treatment. Person-centered treatments should include specific strategies aimed at increasing self-esteem, emotional regulation capacities and self-control of GD women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Lizbeth Lara-Huallipe
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, IDIBELL and CIBERObn. C/ Feixa Llarga S/N, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona - UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, IDIBELL and CIBERObn. C/ Feixa Llarga S/N, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Gómez-Peña
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, IDIBELL and CIBERObn. C/ Feixa Llarga S/N, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Moragas
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, IDIBELL and CIBERObn. C/ Feixa Llarga S/N, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amparo Del Pino-Gutierrez
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Perinatal Nursing, School of Nursing, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Valenciano-Mendoza
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, IDIBELL and CIBERObn. C/ Feixa Llarga S/N, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernat Mora-Maltas
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, IDIBELL and CIBERObn. C/ Feixa Llarga S/N, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Baenas
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, IDIBELL and CIBERObn. C/ Feixa Llarga S/N, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mikel Etxandi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, IDIBELL and CIBERObn. C/ Feixa Llarga S/N, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, IDIBELL and CIBERObn. C/ Feixa Llarga S/N, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSam), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, IDIBELL and CIBERObn. C/ Feixa Llarga S/N, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Association between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Time Spent Playing Video Games in Adolescents: Results from A-CHILD Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910377. [PMID: 34639677 PMCID: PMC8508283 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Excessive time spent playing video games is associated with adverse health outcomes in adolescents. Although poor child–parent relationship and social relations with peers are considered as possible predictors, little is known as to whether adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with time spent playing video games. The aim is to examine the association between ACEs and time spent playing video games in adolescents. Methods: We used pooled data from the Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (A-CHILD) study in 2016 and 2018, which is a population-based cross-sectional study in Adachi City, Tokyo, Japan (N = 6799, 4th, 6th, and 8th-grade students). Adolescents answered questionnaires examining the time spent playing video games, per day, on weekdays (“less than 1 h”, “less than 3 h”, and “more than 3 h”) and ACEs (eight types). Results: The results of the ordinal logistic regression analysis showed a positive association between ACE total score and time spent playing video games after adjusting for covariates (1 ACE: OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.10–1.48; 2 ACEs: OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.06–1.48; 3 + ACEs: OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.14–1.82, p for trend < 0.001). Regarding each type of ACE, the experiences of single parenthood, parental history of psychiatric disorders, and peer isolation were independently positively associated with time spent playing video games. Conclusions: Health policy to address ACEs might be important to shorten the time spent playing video games.
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Abstract
This special issue addresses the affective and cognitive processes and their interactions potentially reflecting mechanisms underlying the development, maintenance of, or recovery from behavioral addictions. Various specific types of behavioral addictions will be considered, including those already in ICD-11 (gambling disorder, gaming disorder), but also new phenomena that are not yet classified (e.g., buying-shopping disorder, social-network-disorder) and phenomena potentially belonging to behavioral addictions although they are currently classified elsewhere (e.g., compulsive sexual behavior disorder). The articles included in this special issue directly investigate affective processes (e.g., cue-reactivity, craving, mood, stress, social interactions) and/or cognitive processes (e.g., executive functions, attention, memory). The studies involve experimental paradigms, neuropsychological tasks, psychophysiological measures, and neuroimaging techniques. Specific articles also deal with the relationship between affective and cognitive processes. The special issue is complemented by articles covering current debates and reviewing current empirical findings in the field.
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Mentalizing Failures, Emotional Dysregulation, and Cognitive Distortions Among Adolescent Problem Gamblers. J Gambl Stud 2021; 37:283-298. [PMID: 32720217 PMCID: PMC7882581 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-020-09967-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, several studies have investigated the relationship between cognitive distortions and emotion regulation among adolescent gamblers, demonstrating the exacerbating role of alcohol consumption when co-occurring with gambling problems. An important construct, that to date has been largely neglected, is mentalizing (i.e. the ability to reflect on one's own and others' mental states). The aim of the present study was (for the first time) to investigate the relative contribution of mentalization, emotional dysregulation, cognitive distortions, and alcohol consumption among adolescent gamblers. A total of 396 students (69.2% females) aged 14–19 years were recruited from secondary schools in Southern Italy. Assessment measures included the South Oaks Gambling Screen Revised for Adolescents (SOGS-RA), the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ-8), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS), and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Regression analysis showed that, along with male gender, the best predictors of adolescent gambling were scores on two GRCS subscales (i.e., ‘inability to stop gambling’ and ‘interpretative bias’), the RFQ-8’s ‘uncertainty about mental states’ dimension, and the DERS ‘impulse control difficulties’ factor, with the overall model explaining more than one-third of the total variance. The results clearly indicated that, along with gambling-related cognitive distortions, uncertainty about mental states, and difficulties remaining in control of one’s behavior when experiencing negative emotions contributed significantly to problematic gambling among adolescents.
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Mena-Moreno T, Fernández-Aranda F, Granero R, Munguía L, Steward T, López-González H, del Pino-Gutiérrez A, Lozano-Madrid M, Gómez-Peña M, Moragas L, Giroux I, Grall-Bronnec M, Sauvaget A, Mora-Maltas B, Valenciano-Mendoza E, Menchón JM, Jiménez-Murcia S. A Serious Game to Improve Emotion Regulation in Treatment-Seeking Individuals With Gambling Disorder: A Usability Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:621953. [PMID: 33746839 PMCID: PMC7970032 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.621953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Serious games have shown positive results in increasing motivation, adherence to treatment and strengthening the therapeutic alliance in multiple psychiatric disorders. In particular, patients with impulse control disorders and other disorders in which the patient suffers from inhibitory control deficits (e.g., behavioral addictions) have been shown to benefit from serious games. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and to evaluate the usability of a new serious videogame, e-Estesia. This serious videogame was designed to improve emotion regulation in patients with gambling disorder (GD). Preliminary results from a pilot sample are also reported. Method: A pilot sample of 26 patients undergoing treatment for GD was recruited (ranging from 22 to 74 years, mean = 41.2 and SD = 12.9; 80.8% men). Participants used e-Estesia on a tablet, which was connected to a thoracic band that sent heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) data to the videogame platform in order to provide biofeedback. The System Usability Scale was completed by patients to determine the usability of e-Estesia. Results and Discussion: e-Estesia performed comparatively well for all the explored groups (i.e., sex, age, and online vs. offline gambling: mean usability score = 83.8, SD = 13.1). Around 84.6% of the patients endorsed that it was easy to use. Female patients with GD presented higher HRV during the use of the serious videogame compared to men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Mena-Moreno
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucero Munguía
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trevor Steward
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hibai López-González
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amparo del Pino-Gutiérrez
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Perinatal Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Lozano-Madrid
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Gómez-Peña
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Moragas
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabelle Giroux
- Centre d’Excellence pour la Prévention et le Traitement du Jeu, Faculté de Sciences Sociales, Université Laval, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Anne Sauvaget
- CHU Nantes, Movement ‐ Interactions ‐ Performance, MIP, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Bernat Mora-Maltas
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Valenciano-Mendoza
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Salut Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Salut Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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King A, Wong-Padoongpatt G, Barrita A, Phung DT, Tong T. Risk Factors of Problem Gaming and Gambling in US Emerging Adult Non-Students: The Role of Loot Boxes, Microtransactions, and Risk-Taking. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2020; 41:1063-1075. [PMID: 32822251 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2020.1803461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Video gaming and gambling have increasingly converged with one another (e.g., social casino games). For emerging adults (18-25 years old), who are already at an elevated risk for addictive disorders, this overlap in these activities may increase the likelihood of problematic involvement. At the moment, Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is being considered as a future medical diagnosis by the American Psychiatric Association. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the potential comorbidity between IGD and gambling disorder (GD) in emerging adults, as well as explore if problematic engagement in gaming and gambling may be explained by recent trends in video game microtransactions (e.g., loot boxes) and risk-taking behaviors. An online survey was completed by 300 emerging adult non-students (Mage = 22.79, 49% male) from across the United States. The results revealed that compared to non-gamers, problematic gamers were 6.45 times more likely to problem gamble and compared to non-gamblers, problem gamblers were 5.62 times more likely to problem game. Microtransactions were the major mechanism for the relationship between IGD and GD. Participants with higher severity levels of either disorder demonstrated a greater likelihood of purchasing microtransactions, in addition to displaying significantly less aversion towards several domains of risk-taking. These findings suggest that emerging adults with probable IGD or GD may share common risk factors and patterns of behavior that transdiagnostic treatment approaches may better serve than syndrome-specific models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony King
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | | | - Aldo Barrita
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Danny Tran Phung
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Ting Tong
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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