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Willroth EC, Pfund GN, Rule PD, Hill PL, John A, Kyle K, Hassenstab J, James BD. A review of the literature on wellbeing and modifiable dementia risk factors. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102380. [PMID: 38880341 PMCID: PMC11260526 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Wellbeing-defined broadly as experiencing one's life as enjoyable and fulfilling-has been associated with lower risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. The mechanisms underlying this association are largely unknown. However, prior research and theory suggest that wellbeing impacts health behaviors and biological systems that are relevant to cognitive and brain health. Several of these factors have also been identified by the 2020 Lancet Commission on Dementia Prevention, Intervention, and Care as modifiable dementia risk factors. In the current review, we summarize and evaluate the evidence for associations between wellbeing and each of the 12 Lancet Commission risk factors. We found relatively consistent evidence for associations between higher wellbeing and lower levels of most of the risk factors: physical inactivity, social isolation, smoking, depression, hypertension, diabetes, hearing loss, traumatic brain injury, and air pollution. By contrast, we found evidence for only modest associations between wellbeing and education and mixed evidence for associations of wellbeing with alcohol use and body weight. Although most of the reviewed evidence was observational, longitudinal and experimental evidence suggests that many of the observed associations are likely bidirectional. These findings suggest that modifiable dementia risk factors may be mediators (i.e., intermediate steps in the causal chain) and/or confounders (i.e., variables that impact both wellbeing and dementia, and thus could induce a spurious association) of the association between wellbeing and dementia. We conclude by discussing next steps to test mediation hypotheses and to account for potential confounding in the relation between wellbeing and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Willroth
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, United States.
| | - Gabrielle N Pfund
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
| | - Payton D Rule
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
| | - Patrick L Hill
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
| | - Amber John
- Department of Clinical, Educational, and Health Psychology, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Kalista Kyle
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, United States; Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
| | - Bryan D James
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, United States; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, United States
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2
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Vereeken S, Bedendo A, Gilbody S, Hewit CE. Drowning in the ripple effect: identifying a syndemic network of health experience (with modifiable health behaviours) using the UK Biobank. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024:10.1007/s00127-024-02726-x. [PMID: 39060724 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-024-02726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
A Syndemic model of health experience in severe mental illness (SMI) involving modifiable health behaviour contributors has been theorised but has not yet been investigated. Over the next 10 years mental ill-health and suicidal behaviours have been predicted to increase which will decrease health experience and increase hospitalisation and associated costs. This paper investigated a Syndemic model of health experience in people with SMI informed by physical activity levels, exposure to nature, personal resilience levels, drugs related (tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption), and sleep behaviours using UK Biobank data. Results implementing SEM indicate partial evidence for a Syndemic model, with personal resilience being at its centre. Contrary to previous findings, drugs related behaviours did not play an important role in the model. Implementing a Syndemic framework approach to current health care strategies could be beneficial in the development of self-management strategies for people with SMI. This is the first paper using SEM analyses to investigate SMI under the Syndemic theory paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Vereeken
- Mental Health and Addiction, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK.
| | - Andre Bedendo
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Simon Gilbody
- Mental Health and Addiction, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
- Hull York Medical School, York, UK
| | - Catherine E Hewit
- York Trials Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
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3
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Nakkash R, Tleis M, Khalil J, Romani M, Salloum RG. A qualitative study on tobacco use during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon: Waterpipe and cigarette smokers' views, risk perceptions, and behaviors. Tob Prev Cessat 2024; 10:TPC-10-27. [PMID: 38938265 PMCID: PMC11209738 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/189770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, a growing number of studies have documented more severe COVID-19 symptoms and worse outcomes among smokers compared to non-smokers. The aim of this research is to understand the views, risk perceptions, and behaviors of Lebanese adult smokers during the pandemic. METHODS We conducted 18 qualitative online structured interviews with adults who smoke cigarettes and waterpipe tobacco residing in Lebanon from November 2020 through April 2021. Participants were recruited predominantly via paid social media ads. Interviews were audio-recorded using Zoom software then transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed thematically. RESULTS The findings showed three main themes: changes to smoking behaviors, concerns over the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19, and using coping methods to protect smokers from COVID-19. Although there was an increased risk perception of COVID-19 in relation to smoking, most participants reported an increase in smoking. Instead of being encouraged to quit, participants developed coping strategies against COVID-19 while smoking. CONCLUSIONS Smoking behavior did not seem to decrease during the COVID-19 pandemic. To support cessation initiatives and raise awareness, effective health messaging aimed at smokers is pivotal. Smoking cessation programs need to be better equipped at supporting people who smoke in finding healthier coping mechanisms during a pandemic. Moreover, policies to regulate the propagation of misinformation are required to prevent the development of a false sense of safety and protection from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Nakkash
- Global and Community Health Department, College of Public Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States
| | - Malak Tleis
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joanna Khalil
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maya Romani
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ramzi G. Salloum
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
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Kung CSJ, Steptoe A. Changes in well-being among socially isolated older people during the COVID-19 pandemic: An outcome-wide analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2308697121. [PMID: 38648476 PMCID: PMC11067447 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308697121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Older adults experienced major changes during the COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing restrictions, and it might be expected that those who were already socially isolated before the pandemic were particularly vulnerable. We apply an outcome-wide longitudinal design on 4,636 participants (mean age 66.8 y) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, observed in 2018/19 and early (June/July 2020) and later (November/December 2020) in the pandemic. Social isolation is defined using an index including marital status, social contact, and social participation in 2018/19. Using mixed models, we compare changes in well-being, health, health behaviors, financial well-being, and Internet use, between isolated and nonisolated participants. From before to during the pandemic, isolated participants (29%) experienced smaller declines in life satisfaction and quality of life and a smaller increase in loneliness. They showed greater declines in smoking and physical activity and were more likely to remain worried about their future financial situation. They also did not change in their likelihood of regular Internet use, contrasting with nonisolated participants who increased in this regard. The groups followed a similar trend for general health and sleep quality (no change), depression and anxiety (increase), and expectations of future financial difficulties (decrease). Although isolated older adults generally show poorer outcomes than their socially connected counterparts, they were somewhat protected during the pandemic on some fronts. Our findings highlight the need to continually care for isolated older adults but also to be attentive in times of unexpected crises to those experiencing extreme changes related to necessary policy responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claryn S. J. Kung
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, LondonWC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, LondonWC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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5
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Vaz M, Cascais P, Lourenço O. Use of and Beliefs toward Novel Tobacco and Nicotine Products among Portuguese University Students: A Pandemic Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:478. [PMID: 38673389 PMCID: PMC11050595 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Over the last decade, novel tobacco and nicotine product experimentation and use have dramatically increased among the youth, even in countries with strong tobacco control and anti-smoking social norms. We performed an online questionnaire-based cross-sectional study in March-June 2021, targeting students from the University of Beira Interior, Portugal. The aim was to assess the experimentation and use of tobacco and nicotine products and students' beliefs towards these products. Of the 452 participants, 67.0% were female; the mean age was 21.9 ± 3 years. Most students (60.4%) reported experimenting with tobacco/nicotine products; 31.2% were current users; polyconsumption was common. Of the current users, all used cigarettes, 41.1% used heated tobacco, 20.6% e-cigarettes, and 14.9% used water pipes. Our multivariate analysis showed that being male, being in the third year of study, and cohabiting or socializing with smokers were strongly associated with tobacco/nicotine use. While most students agree that heated tobacco and e-cigarettes are addictive, that they are not less harmful than cigarettes, and that second-hand exposure may cause health problems, few tobacco/nicotine users are ready to quit, and few students support a smoke-free university campus. These findings indicate high experimentation and the regular dual use of novel tobacco and nicotine products and suggest a pro-smoking social norm among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Vaz
- FCS-UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (M.V.); (P.C.)
| | - Pedro Cascais
- FCS-UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (M.V.); (P.C.)
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Olga Lourenço
- FCS-UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (M.V.); (P.C.)
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
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Wang D, Ma Z, Fan Y, Chen H, Sun M, Fan F. Tobacco smoking, second-hand smoking exposure in relation to psychotic-like experiences in adolescents. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024; 18:102-112. [PMID: 37199003 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous literature supports that tobacco smoking and second-hand smoking (SHS) exposure were strongly associated with poor mental health in the general population. However, there is a lack of empirical data on the relationship between tobacco smoking, SHS exposure and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). This study conducted a cross-sectional survey to explore PLEs and the associations of PLEs with tobacco smoking and SHS exposure among adolescents in China. METHODS A total sample of 67 182 Chinese adolescents were recruited from Guangdong province in China (53.7% boys, mean age = 12.79 years) from December 17 to 26, 2021. All adolescents have completed self-reported questionnaires on demographic characteristics, smoking status, SHS exposure and PLEs. RESULTS Within the sample, only 1.2% of participants had an experience of tobacco smoking while approximately three-fifths reported being exposed to SHS. 10.7% of adolescents reported frequent PLEs over the past month. Adolescents who smoked showed a higher prevalence of PLEs than in non-smoking samples. After controlling for confounders, SHS exposure was a robust risk factor for PLEs with or without the effect of tobacco smoking. DISCUSSION These findings support the importance of smoke-free legislation, and anti-smoking measures in educational settings directed at both adolescents and their caregiver, which may decrease occurring rates of PLEs among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Wang
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijuan Ma
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunge Fan
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huilin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Social Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Fan
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Amin S, Pokhrel P, Elwir T, Mettias H, Kawamoto CT. A systematic review of experimental and longitudinal studies on e-cigarette use cessation. Addict Behav 2023; 146:107787. [PMID: 37393697 PMCID: PMC10527397 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study addresses the need to synthesize the findings in the current literature on e-cigarette use cessation. METHODS PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases were searched in November 2022 to systematically review studies focused on intentions, attempts, and successful e-cigarette use cessation. Three authors independently reviewed the full-texts of the initial pool of potentially eligible articles. Narrative data synthesis was conducted, and the risk of bias was evaluated. RESULTS A total of 12 studies were selected for review, 7 of which were experimental and 5longitudinal. The majority of the studies focused on participants' intentions to quit e-cigarette use. The experimental studies varied in sample size, intervention type, and length of participant follow-up. Findings across the experimental studies were mixed, with only one full-fledged trial having examined cessation as an outcome. The experimental studies that assessed cessation outcomes utilized mobile technology as an intervention tool. Results from longitudinal studies indicated sociodemographic characteristics (gender, race/ethnicity), vaping frequency, and cigarette smoking status as predictors of intentions, attempts and e-cigarette use cessation. CONCLUSION This review highlights the current paucity of methodologically rigorous research on e-cigarette use cessation. Our findings suggest that vaping cessation programs that employ mobile health technology to provide personalized cessation services may help promote intentions, attempts, and e-cigarette use cessation. Limitations of the current studies on vaping cessation include small sample sizes, heterogeneous cohorts that limit comparisons, and inconsistent ways of assessing vaping cessation. Future research needs to test long-term intervention effects using experimental and prospective designs among representative samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Amin
- Population Sciences Program, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 701 Ilalo St., Honolulu, HI 96813, United States.
| | - Pallav Pokhrel
- Population Sciences Program, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 701 Ilalo St., Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
| | - Taha Elwir
- Population Sciences Program, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 701 Ilalo St., Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
| | - Hannah Mettias
- Population Sciences Program, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 701 Ilalo St., Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
| | - Crissy T Kawamoto
- Population Sciences Program, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 701 Ilalo St., Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
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Abstract
Setting-objective Current COVID-19 outbreak has led to many behavioural changes, including smoking behaviours. We aimed to investigate the success of quitting smoking of smoking cessation outpatients. Design Patients who applied to the smoking cessation outpatient clinic of a state hospital during the pandemic were retrospectively analysed. Smoking cessation success, personal views and experiences about COVID-19 were questioned. Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) Scale was applied. Results The smoking cessation rate in the study population was 14.7%. The reasons for not being able to quit smoking were; stress (51.9%), drug discontinuation (28.4%) and reasons related to COVID-19 (12.3%). According to HADS scores; 35.8% of the participants were at risk for anxiety and 72.6% for depression. Those with pulmonary symptoms at the time of application (p=0.001), those who continued smoking cessation treatment (p=0.016), and those without depressive symptoms (p=0.040) were significantly more successful in quitting smoking. The rate of continuing smoking was significantly higher in patients with a history of COVID-19 <18.9% of participants>(p=0.013). Conclusion Intense stress and depressive symptoms, discontinuation of smoking cessation treatment and being infected with Coronavirus negatively affect the smoking cessation process in pandemic. These parameters should be considered during smoking cessation interviews and behavioural support should be obtained if necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Onur Turan
- Izmir Katip Celebi University Atatürk Research and Training Hospital, Chest Diseases Department, Izmir-Turkey
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9
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Sara R. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol and tobacco consumption: Evidence from Peru. Soc Sci Med 2023; 325:115890. [PMID: 37087851 PMCID: PMC10088362 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced dramatic adversities for public health around the world, especially in low and middle-income countries. While research has shown the pandemic to have direct effects on a variety of major economic and health crises, its impact on health-related behaviors is not clear. In this paper, I examine how exposure to the pandemic affects alcohol use and smoking in Peru, which experienced one of the highest COVID-related death rates albeit implementing one of the strictest lockdown policies in the world. I find that post pandemic consumption of alcohol and smoking in the last 30 days decreases by 41.3% and 44.1% respectively when compared to pre-pandemic rates. I also conclude that the intensity of engaging in these behaviors change such that the frequency of consuming alcohol in the last 30 days, binge drinking and the probability of smoking daily falls. While drinking behavior returns to pre-pandemic levels, the negative effect on smoking weakens but remains for almost two years preceding the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raisa Sara
- Department of Economics and International Business, Sam Houston State University, 232 Smith-Hutson Business Building, Huntsville, TX, 77341, USA.
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10
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Çok İ, İyıgündoğdu İ. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol use and smoking habits. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2023.2167745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- İsmet Çok
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İrem İyıgündoğdu
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Bella A, Swarnata A, Melinda G, Nurshadrina DS, Dartanto T. Changes in Smoking Status and Behaviors After the First 10 Months of COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON NICOTINE AND TOBACCO 2023; 25:228-236. [PMID: 35366324 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There remains inconclusive evidence on potential changes in smoking status and behaviors during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-9) pandemic, especially in developing countries. AIMS AND METHODS This study explores the direction of changes in smoking status and behaviors after 10 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia as well as examining the association between economic shocks and changes in smoking behaviors. Primary data were gathered through a phone survey targeting productive-age mobile-phone users in Indonesia (n = 1082). Descriptive analysis was employed to determine changes in smoking status and behaviors 10 months into the pandemic, while logistic regression analysis was used to investigate how employment shocks, financial strain, COVID-19-related indicators, and demographic characteristics were associated with smoking behaviors of people who continue smoking. RESULTS Respondents experiencing changes in smoking status were dominated by people who persistently smoked during the pandemic, while those who quit, relapsed, and started smoking, was extremely small. Nevertheless, a considerable portion of people who continue smoking adjusted their smoking behaviors: 40.3% reduced smoking intensity and 25.3% switched to lower-price cigarettes. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that, among people who continue smoking, those who experienced financial strain during the pandemic had higher odds of reducing smoking intensity, while those who switched to lower job status had higher odds of switching to cheaper cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS The research has shown that smoking status and behaviors of people who continue smoking mostly remained unchanged after 10 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Changes in employment and financial conditions during the pandemic were associated with modified smoking behaviors. IMPLICATIONS This study is the first to determine the direction and analyze the factors of changes in smoking during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This new understanding should help improve predicting the trends in smoking in future crises or pandemics in developing countries, specifically Indonesia. The discovered patterns on smokers' reaction to an exogenous shock may provide evidence to support tobacco control policies in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Bella
- Research and Development Division, Centre for Indonesia's Strategic Development Initiatives (CISDI), Central Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia.,Centre for Health Economics, Monash Business School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arya Swarnata
- Research and Development Division, Centre for Indonesia's Strategic Development Initiatives (CISDI), Central Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Gea Melinda
- Research and Development Division, Centre for Indonesia's Strategic Development Initiatives (CISDI), Central Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dimitri Swasthika Nurshadrina
- Research and Development Division, Centre for Indonesia's Strategic Development Initiatives (CISDI), Central Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Teguh Dartanto
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia
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12
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Mao Y, Zhao Y, Eriksen M, Huang J, Redmon P, Spears C, Zheng P. Changes in cigarette consumption and intention to quit in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:37. [PMID: 36909813 PMCID: PMC9996568 DOI: 10.18332/tid/160064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Significant changes occurred in the way people socialize and interact with each other since China reported its first COVID-19 cases. However, little is known about how smoking behaviors may have changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in China. The aim of this study was to assess changes in smoking behavior and intention to quit during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in China and to investigate the associated factors. METHODS An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among Chinese adult smokers. Participants were recruited through snowball sampling from 19 March to 2 April 2020. RESULTS A total of 1388 smokers participated in this study. Of those, 1014 (73.0%) reported not changing their cigarette consumption, 104 (7.5%) reported smoking more and 268 (19.3%) reported smoking less due to the pandemic. Average daily cigarette consumption among all participants decreased from 15.0 (IQR: 10.0-20.0) to 13.0 (IQR: 8.0-20.0) (W=6.919, p<0.001). For intention to quit, 270 (19.5%) respondents reported becoming more willing to quit, and 91 (6.6%) reported becoming less willing to quit. Multivariate analyses showed that tobacco addiction, overall knowledge about the relationship between smoking and COVID-19, level of attention devoted to COVID-19, anxiety, living alone, and number of smokers in the family were significantly correlated with cigarette consumption and intention to quit, and living alone was the strongest factor associated with increased cigarette consumption (AOR=5.29; 95% CI: 1.51-18.56). CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic led to a slight decrease in cigarette consumption and an increase in quitting intention among Chinese smokers. During the early stages of the pandemic, it was important to focus on the anxiety of smokers, dispel smokers' misunderstandings of smoking and COVID-19 and create a supporting environment in the family to help smokers quit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Mao
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Institute of Health Communication, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Institute of Health Communication, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Eriksen
- Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Jidong Huang
- Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Pamela Redmon
- Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Claire Spears
- Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Pinpin Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Institute of Health Communication, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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13
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Lee S, Choi M, Kim D, Shin J, Kim J. Did the COVID-19 Lockdown Reduce Smoking Rate in Adolescents? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:139. [PMID: 36612459 PMCID: PMC9819646 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the temporal trend of smoking use and the prevalent differences in the use of different types of cigarettes for Korean adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Korea, all use of e-cigarettes, including regular cigarettes, is considered smoking. Since adolescents are susceptible to peer influences in risky behaviors including smoking, social distancing could affect the smoking behaviors of youth under these unusual circumstances during the pandemic. In this study, we analyzed the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBW) data collected from 2018 to 2021 to examine the association between smoking status and other covariates during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, it was confirmed that the influence of second-hand smoke on the smoking rate decreased before and after COVID-19, which is interpreted as a result of the social distancing policy caused by the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyup Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingee Choi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Social Welfare Policy, Yonsei Graduate School, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Kim
- Department of Statistics, Sungshin Women’s University, 2, Bomun-ro 34da-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02844, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyong Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Kim
- Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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14
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Sustained decline in tobacco purchasing in Denmark during the COVID-19 pandemic. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2022; 2:96. [PMID: 35923348 PMCID: PMC9344799 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
An estimated 8 million people die every year due to tobacco use. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the health consequences of smoking, which is a leading risk factor for more severe COVID-19 symptoms, hospitalization, and death. The pandemic has also led to reductions in physical activity, increases in stress and declines in mental well-being, all factors commonly associated with triggering higher tobacco use.
Methods
Using a longitudinal data set of purchasing behavior from 2019–2020 among a national sample of the Danish population (n = 4042), we estimate changes in tobacco use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our analysis compares tobacco purchases prior to the pandemic to purchases during the pandemic, at the individual level. We also examine effects within subgroups based on smoking behavior in 2019 prior to the pandemic. We estimate effects for smokers and non-smokers and, within smokers, for occasional smokers and regular smokers.
Results
We find large, sustained decreases in tobacco purchases during COVID-19. We estimate that weekly tobacco purchase rates decline by 24% and average quantities decline by 12% during the period spanning the onset of the pandemic in March 2020 through the end of the year. The declines are driven by regular smokers with little change in behavior among nonsmokers and increases in purchases among occasional smokers. Among regular smokers, purchase rates decline by about 30%, tobacco purchases decline by about 20% and quitting rates increase by about 10 percentage points.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic could lead to sustained reductions in smoking.
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15
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Turki S, Bouzekri K, Trabelsi T, El Ati J. Assessment of Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Lifestyle Change during COVID-19 National Lockdown in Tunisian Adult Population. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194151. [PMID: 36235802 PMCID: PMC9572866 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a plant-based diet associated with a reduction in the risk of developing COVID-19 comorbidities. Lockdown instigation during the COVID-19 pandemic has affected eating habits and lifestyles, highlighting the need to analyze the healthiness of new consumption patterns. We conducted a survey to assess lifestyle change in Tunisian adults and their MD adherence. A total of 1082 respondents completed a self-administered online survey designed to assess their food and lifestyle habits. Poor overall adherence to MD was observed (mean MEDAS score 6.6, SD 1.07) in a preponderance of the mid-MD adherent subgroup (71.2% of the participants). Location, age, profession, and household welfare proxy were the main determinants of high MD adherence. When adjusting for sociodemographic variables, location and income remained statistically significant. Positive health outcomes were noticed in respondents with high MEDAS scores. Most importantly, binary logistic regression showed that risk of COVID-19 infection decreased as MEDAS score increased for unvaccinated obese participants (OR = 0.63; confidence interval (CI) 0.4–0.98; p = 0.045). Regarding lifestyle changes, confinement had contributed to an overall reduction in cigarette consumption, sleeping hours, and physical activity. Long-term consequences of these changes on health outcomes must be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saoussen Turki
- SURVEN (Nutrition Surveillance and Epidemiology in Tunisia) Research Laboratory, 11 Rue Jebel Lakhdar, Bab Saadoun, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
- High Institute of Medical Technologies, University Tunis El Manar, 9, Rue Docteur Zouheïr Safi, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +216-25-151789; Fax: +216-71-570725
| | - Khaoula Bouzekri
- SURVEN (Nutrition Surveillance and Epidemiology in Tunisia) Research Laboratory, 11 Rue Jebel Lakhdar, Bab Saadoun, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
- High Institute of Medical Technologies, University Tunis El Manar, 9, Rue Docteur Zouheïr Safi, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Tarek Trabelsi
- INNTA (National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology), 11 Rue Jebel Lakhdar, Bab Saadoun, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Jalila El Ati
- SURVEN (Nutrition Surveillance and Epidemiology in Tunisia) Research Laboratory, 11 Rue Jebel Lakhdar, Bab Saadoun, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
- INNTA (National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology), 11 Rue Jebel Lakhdar, Bab Saadoun, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
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Garrido-Cumbrera M, Foley R, Correa-Fernández J, González-Marín A, Braçe O, Hewlett D. The importance for wellbeing of having views of nature from and in the home during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results from the GreenCOVID study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 83:101864. [PMID: 35991355 PMCID: PMC9375854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the daily lives of people and may affect their well-being. The aim of the present study is to assess well-being and associated factors during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the general population in three European countries. Methods GreenCOVID was an observational cross-sectional study using an online survey (7 April 2020 to 24 July 2020) promoted by the Health & Territory Research (HTR) of the University of Seville in Spain, Maynooth University in Ireland, and the University of Winchester in England, which included a sample of 3109 unselected adults. Well-being was measured using the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) scale. Seven aspects, related to the natural environment of the home, were evaluated (role of outdoor views in coping with lockdown, importance of blue spaces during lockdown, importance of green spaces during lockdown, quality of view from home, use of outdoor spaces or window views, elements of nature in the home, and views of green or blue spaces from home). Binary logistic regression was conducted to identify the parameters associated with poor well-being. Results Mean age was 39.7 years and 79.3% lived in Spain, the majority in urban areas (92.8%). 73.0% were female and 72.0% had undertaken university studies. Poor well-being was reported by 59.0%, while 26.6% indicated the possible presence of clinical depression. The factors most associated with poor well-being were students (OR = 1.541), those who had no engagement in physical activity (OR = 1.389), those who reported 'living in Spain' compared to Ireland (OR = 0.724), being female (OR = 1.256), poor quality views from home (OR = 0.887), less benefit from views of the natural environment to cope with lockdown (OR = 0.964), and those younger in age (OR = 0.990). Conclusions More than half of participants reported poor well-being and one in four indicated the possible presence of clinical depression during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. We identified that belonging to a younger age cohort, being a student, being female, not being able to continue with daily pursuits such as physical activity, and having poorer quality of views from home led to poor well-being among participants. Our study highlights the importance of continued physical activity and views of nature to improve the well-being of individuals during times of crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronan Foley
- Department of Geography, Maynooth University, W23 HW31, Maynooth, Ireland
| | | | | | - Olta Braçe
- Health and Territory Research (HTR), Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Denise Hewlett
- PeopleScapes Research Group, University of Winchester, United Kingdom
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17
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Szapary CL, Avila JC, Monnig MA, Sokolovsky AW, DeCost G, Ahluwalia JS. Adherence to COVID-19 Guidelines among Current, Former, and Never Smokers. Am J Health Behav 2022; 46:442-455. [PMID: 36109860 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.46.4.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: In this paper, we explore the adherence patterns to US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) COVID-19 mitigation guidelines among current, former, and never smokers. Methods: We used an online cross-sectional survey of adults 18 years or older in 5 northeastern states of the US (N=1084). Results: Unadjusted analyses revealed that current smokers reported lower adherence to the CDC guidelines than former smokers (27.5 vs 29.4, p<.05). After accounting for sociodemographic covariates, this finding was no longer statistically significant. However, compared to former smokers, never smokers reported wearing their mask less often (OR=0.65; 95% CI=0.45-0.94) and current smokers were less likely to report always practicing illness-related hygiene skills (OR=0.60; 95% CI=0.39-0.93).Conclusions: Never smokers had poorer adherence to CDC guidelines than former smokers, namely wearing their masks, and current smokers were less likely to always follow the hygiene recommendations. Results should inform future public health efforts in targeting current smokers with lower adherence to CDC guidelines and learning from the ability of former smokers to demonstrate high adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Szapary
- Claire L. Szapary, Center for Addiction and Disease Risk Exacerbation, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States;,
| | - Jaqueline Contrera Avila
- Jaqueline Contrera Avila, Center for Addiction and Disease Risk Exacerbation, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Mollie A Monnig
- Mollie A. Monnig, Center for Addiction and Disease Risk Exacerbation, Brown University, Providence, RI, and Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Alexander W Sokolovsky
- Alexander W. Sokolovsky, Center for Addiction and Disease Risk Exacerbation, Brown University, Providence, RI, and Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Grace DeCost
- Grace DeCost, Center for Addiction and Disease Risk Exacerbation, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Jasjit S Ahluwalia
- Jasjit S. Ahluwalia, Center for Addiction and Disease Risk Exacerbation, Brown University, Providence, RI, and Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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18
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Jessiman-Perreault G, Li A, Frenette N, Allen Scott L. Investigating the early impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on modifiable risk factors for cancer and chronic disease: a repeated cross-sectional study in Alberta, Canada. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE 2022; 113:904-917. [PMID: 36050599 PMCID: PMC9436164 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-022-00685-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study contributes to empirical evidence by examining the impact of the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic on modifiable risk factors (MRF) and whether these patterns differ according to level of material deprivation among people living in Alberta. METHODS Using data from a repeated cross-sectional provincial health survey (Alberta Community Health Survey (ACHS): 2018-2021), we conducted logistic regression analyses examining the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on meeting national guidelines on four MRFs (tobacco use, physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, alcohol use) (n=11,249). We compared population-level changes in MRFs from one year before the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2019-February 2020) to one year during the pandemic (March 2020-February 2021) in Alberta. We also assessed whether these trends differed by a measure of material deprivation. RESULTS Compared to the pre-COVID-19 period, the fully adjusted odds of meeting recommended guidelines for fruit and vegetable consumption (OR=0.42) decreased during the pandemic. Individuals experiencing high material deprivation had lower odds of meeting recommended guidelines for physical activity (OR=0.65) and higher odds of not being current tobacco users (OR=1.36) during the pandemic versus during the pre-pandemic period. CONCLUSION At a population level, analyses from the ACHS showed minimal impacts of the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic on MRFs, besides fruit and vegetable consumption. Yet, stratifying results showed statistically significant differences in pandemic impacts on MRFs by level of material deprivation. Therefore, understanding the influence of material deprivation on MRFs during the pandemic is key to tailoring future public health interventions promoting health and preventing cancer and chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Jessiman-Perreault
- Cancer Prevention and Screening Innovation, Provincial Population and Public Health, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB Canada ,Department of Public Health Sciences, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Alvin Li
- Cancer Prevention and Screening Innovation, Provincial Population and Public Health, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Nicole Frenette
- Cancer Prevention and Screening Innovation, Provincial Population and Public Health, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Lisa Allen Scott
- Cancer Prevention and Screening Innovation, Provincial Population and Public Health, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB Canada ,Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada ,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
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19
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Zubović J, Zdravković A, Jovanović O. Smoking patterns during COVID-19: Evidence from Serbia. Tob Induc Dis 2022; 20:51. [PMID: 35702649 PMCID: PMC9150906 DOI: 10.18332/tid/148169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent research shows that in many countries, smokers who increased smoking during the COVID-19 pandemic outnumbered those who decreased it, despite higher exposure to COVID-19 severity and death. In this study, we compared changes in smoking behavior in the initial and later stages of the pandemic and factors associated with lower smoking intensity. METHODS We conducted two survey rounds on representative samples, the first in the initial stage of the pandemic (11–19 May 2020) and the second in the latter stage (4–11 June 2021), in Serbia. Multinomial logistic regression was run to estimate associations between smokers’ characteristics and lower smoking intensity. In contrast to most studies that assess psychological factors affecting smoking in the pandemic, we focused on factual determinants of the change in smoking intensity. RESULTS The share of smokers who claimed to smoke more increased significantly, from 22.7% in May 2020 to 35.2% in June 2021. The share of smokers who reported a decrease in smoking only slightly increased, from 11.7% to 13.3%. The persistence of the pandemic considerably increased intentions to cease smoking, from 26.3% to 40%. Higher education (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=2.11; 95% CI: 1.08–4.13), income fall (AOR=2.14; 95% CI: 1.11–4.11), occasional smoking (AOR=4.24; 95% CI: 2.26–7.96) and recovery from COVID-19 (AOR=2.38; 95% CI: 1.23–4.60) increased the odds to reduce smoking during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Most smokers are unaware that consuming tobacco products increases exposure to health risks related to COVID-19, but those who get coronavirus infected tend to reduce smoking. This research highlights that tobacco control policy needs to be more proactive in creating public campaigns which demonstrate the severity of COVID-19 impact on smokers’ health. Such campaigns should mainly target those groups of smokers who are less able to curb their smoking intensity.
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20
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Wang X, Ma Z, Wang C. A Longitudinal Study on the Addictive Behaviors of General Population before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19105979. [PMID: 35627516 PMCID: PMC9141667 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
By using nationally representative longitudinal data, this study investigates the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the addictive behaviors (smoking and drinking) of the general population in China. From the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) 2018 and 2020, we extract a sample of individuals over 16 years of age in China, consisting of 14,468 individuals and 28,936 observations. We decompose the sample into three age groups, that is, ages between 16 and 39, ages between 40 and 59 and ages above 60. The bootstrap method is used to estimate the confidence interval of the difference in the mean of addictive behaviors, and logit models are used in the regression analysis. Our results show that the COVID-19 pandemic reduces the smoking behavior of individuals above 40 years of age, and that it reduces the drinking behavior of individuals above 16 years of age. However, the pandemic increases the smoking behavior of individuals between 16 and 39 years of age. These results may be closely related to the characteristics of COVID-19 (that is, a respiratory system disease), the working and economic pressures of young Chinese and the role of drinking alcohol in building and maintaining social networks in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Institute of Population and Labor Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100006, China;
| | - Zaifei Ma
- School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China;
| | - Chunan Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beihang Hangzhou Innovation Institute Yuhang, Hangzhou 310023, China
- MoE Key Laboratory of Complex System Analysis and Management Decision, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence:
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21
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Efrati Y, Spada MM. Self-perceived substance and behavioral addictions among Jewish Israeli adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Addict Behav Rep 2022; 15:100431. [PMID: 35647261 PMCID: PMC9133580 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2022.100431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Overall rates found in self-perceived substance and behavioral addictions among Israeli adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Differences found in self-perceived substance and behavioral addictions by age, biological sex, religiosity, immigration status, and socioeconomic status.
This study examined self-perceived substance and behavioral addictions among Israeli adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic across different sociodemographic categories. The sample comprised 2,074 adolescents (40% males, 60% females) aged 12–19 years who completed the survey anonymously and with parental consent. We examined what is the prevalence of self-perceived substance and behavioral addictions in this population in the COVID-19 pandemic context. Participants reported self-perceived addictions to social networks (70%), shopping (46%), binge eating (34%), gaming (30%), sex-related behavior (15%), psychoactive substance (31%, including alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and/or cocaine), and gambling (3%). Moreover, differences were found to be directly related to age, biological sex, religiosity, socioeconomic status, and immigration status. From a lay epidemiological perspective, the current research expands our knowledge about self-perceived addiction among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic, offering better understanding of the likelihood probability factors for self-perceived addiction among adolescents and its related negative outcomes, including increased risk factors for later adult life.
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22
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Chiner-Vives E, Cordovilla-Pérez R, de la Rosa-Carrillo D, García-Clemente M, Izquierdo-Alonso JL, Otero-Candelera R, Pérez-de Llano L, Sellares-Torres J, de Granda-Orive JI. Short and Long-Term Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Previous Respiratory Diseases. Arch Bronconeumol 2022; 58 Suppl 1:39-50. [PMID: 35501222 PMCID: PMC9012323 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic. Till now, it affected 452.4 million (Spain, 11.18 million) persons all over the world with a total of 6.04 million of deaths (Spain, 100,992). It is observed that 75% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients have at least one COVID-19 associated comorbidity. It was shown that people with underlying chronic illnesses are more likely to get it and grow seriously ill. Individuals with COVID-19 who have a past medical history of cardiovascular disorder, cancer, obesity, chronic lung disease, diabetes, or neurological disease had the worst prognosis and are more likely to develop acute respiratory distress syndrome or pneumonia. COVID-19 can affect the respiratory system in a variety of ways and across a spectrum of levels of disease severity, depending on a person's immune system, age and comorbidities. Symptoms can range from mild, such as cough, shortness of breath and fever, to critical disease, including respiratory failure, shock and multi-organ system failure. So, COVID-19 infection can cause overall worsening of these previous respiratory diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease, etc. This review aims to provide information on the impact of the COVID-19 disease on pre-existing lung comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eusebi Chiner-Vives
- Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit, Respiratory Department, Sant Joan University Hospital, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Rosa Cordovilla-Pérez
- Respiratory Department, Salamanca University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Marta García-Clemente
- Lung Management Area, HUCA, Institute for Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - José Luis Izquierdo-Alonso
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain
| | | | - Luis Pérez-de Llano
- Respiratory Department, Lucus Augusti University Hospital, EOXI Lugo, Monforte, CERVO, Lugo, Spain
| | - Jacobo Sellares-Torres
- Interstitial Lung Diseases Working Group, Respiratory Department, Clinic-University Hospital-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
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The COVID-19 Pandemic and Smoking Cessation-A Real-Time Data Analysis from the Polish National Quitline. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042016. [PMID: 35206205 PMCID: PMC8872255 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, tobacco research has delivered new evidence on the harmfulness of smoking in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the course of the COVID-19 disease. More and more research proves that smoking is an important risk factor contributing to increased risk of mortality among COVID-19 patients. The aim of this study was to assess whether and how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted decisions about quitting smoking. A total of 4072 records of anonymized data were obtained from the Polish National Quitline. Between 15 April 2020 and 31 May 2021, the callers were asked about the COVID-19 pandemic and its influence on their decisions on smoking continuation or cessation. Our results indicate that smokers are very receptive to communication concerning COVID-19 and smoking risk. This phenomenon can possibly be connected to the immediate potential health consequences of smoking and COVID-19 virus infection. Results may indicate that putting emphasis on arguments combined with short-term health consequences of smoking may result in better outcomes in smoking cessation. There is a need for further and constant education on tobacco-related health harm. Our results showed that an irregular and mass communication on health consequences may result in high effectiveness in smoking cessation.
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24
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Ghadban YA, Zgheib N, Romani M, Akl IB, Nasr R. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on smoking behavior and beliefs among the American University of Beirut community. Tob Prev Cessat 2022; 8:02. [PMID: 35118214 PMCID: PMC8785139 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/144499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current COVID-19 outbreak has led to sudden changes in routine and modifications in health behaviors. The study presented here investigates the changes in smoking behavior and beliefs due to the pandemic among a sample of individuals at the American University of Beirut (AUB) in Lebanon, between August and September 2020. METHODS This is a cross-sectional exploratory study based on data collected through an anonymous, web-based questionnaire. We performed descriptive and univariate analysis on sociodemographic factors, smoking practices, smoking behavior changes, and smoking beliefs. RESULTS In all, 197 participants (65.5% never smokers, 8.1% former smokers, and 26.4% current smokers) completed the online survey. Of these, 19.3% reported a change in their smoking behavior in the last four months, with an equal number of participants increasing and decreasing smoking. Univariate analysis showed that fear of contracting coronavirus and personal health concerns were significantly associated with a decrease in smoking. In contrast, the stress associated with the COVID-19 crisis and the economic crisis was associated with an increase in smoking. CONCLUSIONS The current COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in unexpected alterations in routine and changes in health behaviors. A quarter of all participants said they had changed their smoking habits, with an equal percentage saying they had increased or decreased their smoking. Future research is needed to look into changes in smoking behavior in a more representative group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina Al Ghadban
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Nathalie Zgheib
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maya Romani
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Imad Bou Akl
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rihab Nasr
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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25
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Telatar TG, Karadoğan D, Baykal MH, Yurtsever BA. Role of tobacco exposure in the course of COVID-19 disease and the impact of the disease on smoking behavior. THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2022; 16:57-62. [PMID: 34652066 PMCID: PMC8652890 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of COVID-19 on smoking behavior is not fully known. Studies evaluating the link between smoking and COVID-19 have controversial results. This study aims to evaluate patients' smoking status with COVID-19 and the effect of COVID-19 on smoking behavior. METHODS Data were collected from 150 COVID-19 patients with a positive polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2 between 11 March 2020 and 15 May 2020 in Rize, Turkey. Patients were interviewed by phone calls 2 months after their recovery. After 9 months, a follow-up was performed for those who quit smoking. RESULTS Of the participants, 19 (12.7%) were current smokers before the COVID-19 diagnosis, and 15 (78.9%) of them stated that they quit smoking after their diagnosis. After nine months of follow-up, 11 of those 15 participants (57.8%) sustained abstinence. CONCLUSION Smoking cessation rates are high in people with COVID-19. Besides, the frequency of sustaining abstinence in the long term was also high in these individuals. The COVID-19 pandemic should be viewed as an open opportunity to strengthen and prioritize smoking cessation activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahsin Gökhan Telatar
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineRecep Tayyip Erdoğan UniversityRizeTurkey
| | - Dilek Karadoğan
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of MedicineRecep Tayyip Erdoğan UniversityRizeTurkey
| | - Mehmet Halit Baykal
- Department of Public Health ServicesProvincial Directorate of HealthRizeTurkey
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Changes in Tobacco Use Patterns among Veterans in San Diego during the Recent Peak of the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182211923. [PMID: 34831686 PMCID: PMC8623485 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of tobacco use increases in times of stress; however, during the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, tobacco use rates stayed the same in most populations. Previous work focused on the initial months of the pandemic, while this study examined the changes in tobacco use during a later peak period of the pandemic. We used data from 61,852 visits to the VA San Diego Healthcare System from November 2019 to February 2021, divided into pre-, early, and peak pandemic periods. Multinomial logistic regression was used to test whether the odds of being a daily or non-daily tobacco user varied over time, by demographic group, or with the presence of specific psychiatric diagnoses. Younger Veterans had a greater reduction in the prevalence of non-daily tobacco use between the early and peak periods, while older Veterans had a rise in daily use from pre- to the early pandemic, which returned to baseline during the peak. Individuals with substance use disorder and serious mental illness diagnoses were more likely to report tobacco use, but psychiatric diagnoses did not predict change over time. These findings demonstrate factors that potentially contribute to changes in tobacco use during a public health crisis and may help guide future targeted cessation efforts.
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Chindarkar N, Kulkarni V, Chandwani R. Determinants of psychological well-being during the Covid-19 pandemic among "people living with HIV/AIDS" in India. AIDS Care 2021; 34:813-820. [PMID: 34383596 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2021.1966696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTUsing survey data on 647 "people living with HIV/AIDS" (PLHIV) respondents from India, we examine the association between human, economic, and social capital and psychological well-being during the Covid-19 pandemic, and whether pandemic-induced job and financial insecurity are significant stressors. We find that among human capital indicators, family health status results in a more positive mental state and fewer personal conflicts among PLHIV while having more working-age adults in the household results in more conflict. With regards to economic capital, PLHIV in salaried jobs and self-employment have a less positive mental state compared to those in daily wage work. Compared to daily wage workers, those in salaried jobs and self-employment exhibit lower addictive behavior. Self-employed PLHIV respondents also engage in fewer conflicts with their significant other. We do not find any correlation between social capital and psychological well-being. Job and financial insecurity are negatively associated with psychological well-being. While job insecurity is associated with an increase in addictive behavior, financial insecurity increases the likelihood of more frequent personal conflicts. We conclude that there is a need for greater economic and psychological support from institutions, community, and family to assuage the pandemic-induced psychological distress among PLHIV.ABBREVIATIONS: ART: antiretroviral treatment; GSNP+: Gujarat State Network of Positive People; MHI: mental health inventory; OBC: other backward castes; PLHIV: people living with HIV/AIDS; SC: scheduled castes; SD: standard deviation; ST: scheduled tribes.
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da Silva Leonel ACL, Ribeiro ILA, de Souza MLM, Kaminagakura E, Martelli-Junior H, Bonan PRF, da Cruz Perez DE. COVID-19, changes in smoking behaviour, and head and neck cancer: Current data and future perspectives. Oral Oncol 2021; 118:105327. [PMID: 33962865 PMCID: PMC8084625 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabella Lima Arrais Ribeiro
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Mayara Larissa Moura de Souza
- School of Dentistry, Department of Clinical and Preventive Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Estela Kaminagakura
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Rogério Ferreti Bonan
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Danyel Elias da Cruz Perez
- School of Dentistry, Department of Clinical and Preventive Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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