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Ji K, Schwenkel GJ, Mattingly RR, Sundararaghavan HG, Zhang ZG, Chopp M. A Fibroblast-Derived Secretome Stimulates the Growth and Invasiveness of 3D Plexiform Neurofibroma Spheroids. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2498. [PMID: 39061138 PMCID: PMC11274591 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16142498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Plexiform neurofibromas (PNs) occur in about a half of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients and have garnered significant research attention due to their capacity for growth and potential for malignant transformation. NF1 plexiform neurofibroma (pNF1) is a complex tumor composed of Schwann cell-derived tumor cells (Nf1-/-) and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Although it has been widely demonstrated that the TME is involved in the formation of neurofibromas, little is known about the effects of the TME on the subsequent progression of human pNF1. Elucidating the molecular interactions between tumor cells and the TME may provide new therapeutic targets to reduce the progression of pNF1. In the present study, we focused on the contributions of fibroblasts, the most abundant cell types in the TME, to the growth of pNF1. To simulate the TME, we used a three-dimensional (3D) coculture model of immortalized pNF1 tumor cells (Nf1-/-) and primary fibroblasts (Nf1+/-) derived from pNF1 patients. We performed live-cell imaging of 3D/4D (3D in real-time) cultures through confocal microscopy followed by 3D quantitative analyses using advanced imaging software. The growth of pNF1 spheroids in 3D cocultures with fibroblasts was significantly greater than that of pNF1 spheroids in 3D monocultures. An increase in the growth of pNF1 spheroids also occurred when they were cultured with conditioned media (CM) from fibroblasts. Moreover, fibroblast-derived CM increased the invasive outgrowth and further local invasion of pNF1 spheroids. Interestingly, when small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) were depleted from the fibroblast-derived CM, the stimulation of the growth of pNF1 spheroids was lost. Our results suggest that fibroblast-derived sEVs are a therapeutic target for reducing the growth of pNF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmin Ji
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (G.J.S.); (Z.G.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - George J. Schwenkel
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (G.J.S.); (Z.G.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Raymond R. Mattingly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody Medical School at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
| | | | - Zheng Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (G.J.S.); (Z.G.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (G.J.S.); (Z.G.Z.); (M.C.)
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
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2
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Chi CW, Lao YH, Ahmed AHR, He S, Merghoub T, Leong KW, Wang S. Enabling continuous immune cell recirculation on a microfluidic array to study immunotherapeutic interactions in a recapitulated tumour microenvironment. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:396-407. [PMID: 38180130 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00662j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The effects of immunotherapeutics on interactions between immune and cancer cells are modulated by multiple components in the tumour microenvironment (TME), including endothelium and tumour stroma, which provide both a physical barrier and immunosuppressive stimuli. Herein, we report a recirculating chip to enable continuous immune cell recirculation through a microfluidic cell array to include these crucial players. This system consists of a three-layered cell array (μFCA) spatially emulating the TME, with tailored fluidic circuits establishing T cell recirculation. This platform enables the study of dynamics among the TME, immune cells in a circulatory system and cancer cell responses thereof. Through this system, we found that tumour endothelium hindered T cell infiltration into the reconstructed breast cancer tumour compartment. This negative effect was alleviated when treated with anti-human PD-L1 (programmed cell death ligand 1) antibody. Another key stromal component - cancer associated fibroblasts - attenuated T cell infiltration, compared against normal fibroblasts, and led to reduced apoptotic activity in cancer cells. These results confirm the capability of our tumour-on-a-chip system in identifying some key axes to target in overcoming barriers to immunotherapy by recapitulating immune cell interactions with the reconstructed TME. Our results also attest to the feasibility of scaling up this system for high-throughput cancer immunotherapeutic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wei Chi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CUNY - City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Yeh-Hsing Lao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - A H Rezwanuddin Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CUNY - City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
| | - Siyu He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Taha Merghoub
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sihong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CUNY - City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
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3
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Zhou Z, Pang Y, Ji J, He J, Liu T, Ouyang L, Zhang W, Zhang XL, Zhang ZG, Zhang K, Sun W. Harnessing 3D in vitro systems to model immune responses to solid tumours: a step towards improving and creating personalized immunotherapies. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:18-32. [PMID: 37402992 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00896-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
In vitro 3D models are advanced biological tools that have been established to overcome the shortcomings of oversimplified 2D cultures and mouse models. Various in vitro 3D immuno-oncology models have been developed to mimic and recapitulate the cancer-immunity cycle, evaluate immunotherapy regimens, and explore options for optimizing current immunotherapies, including for individual patient tumours. Here, we review recent developments in this field. We focus, first, on the limitations of existing immunotherapies for solid tumours, secondly, on how in vitro 3D immuno-oncology models are established using various technologies - including scaffolds, organoids, microfluidics and 3D bioprinting - and thirdly, on the applications of these 3D models for comprehending the cancer-immunity cycle as well as for assessing and improving immunotherapies for solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhou
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Pang
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
| | - Jingyuan Ji
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyu He
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Tiankun Liu
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Liliang Ouyang
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Immunology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaitai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Aetiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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4
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Wu Z, Huang D, Wang J, Zhao Y, Sun W, Shen X. Engineering Heterogeneous Tumor Models for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304160. [PMID: 37946674 PMCID: PMC10767453 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Tumor tissue engineering holds great promise for replicating the physiological and behavioral characteristics of tumors in vitro. Advances in this field have led to new opportunities for studying the tumor microenvironment and exploring potential anti-cancer therapeutics. However, the main obstacle to the widespread adoption of tumor models is the poor understanding and insufficient reconstruction of tumor heterogeneity. In this review, the current progress of engineering heterogeneous tumor models is discussed. First, the major components of tumor heterogeneity are summarized, which encompasses various signaling pathways, cell proliferations, and spatial configurations. Then, contemporary approaches are elucidated in tumor engineering that are guided by fundamental principles of tumor biology, and the potential of a bottom-up approach in tumor engineering is highlighted. Additionally, the characterization approaches and biomedical applications of tumor models are discussed, emphasizing the significant role of engineered tumor models in scientific research and clinical trials. Lastly, the challenges of heterogeneous tumor models in promoting oncology research and tumor therapy are described and key directions for future research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuhao Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Danqing Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Weijian Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Xian Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
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5
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Yu Y, Zhou T, Cao L. Use and application of organ-on-a-chip platforms in cancer research. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00790-7. [PMID: 38032444 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00790-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors are a major cause of death worldwide, and much effort has been made to develop appropriate anti-tumor therapies. Existing in vitro and in vivo tumor models cannot reflect the critical features of cancer. The development of organ-on-a-chip models has enabled the integration of organoids, microfluidics, tissue engineering, biomaterials research, and microfabrication, offering conditions that mimic tumor physiology. Three-dimensional in vitro human tumor models that have been established as organ-on-a-chip models contain multiple cell types and a structure that is similar to the primary tumor. These models can be applied to various foci of oncology research. Moreover, the high-throughput features of microfluidic organ-on-a-chip models offer new opportunities for achieving large-scale drug screening and developing more personalized treatments. In this review of the literature, we explore the development of organ-on-a-chip technology and discuss its use as an innovative tool in basic and clinical applications and summarize its advancement of cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - TingTing Zhou
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Liu Cao
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
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6
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Genta S, Coburn B, Cescon DW, Spreafico A. Patient-derived cancer models: Valuable platforms for anticancer drug testing. Front Oncol 2022; 12:976065. [PMID: 36033445 PMCID: PMC9413077 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.976065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecularly targeted treatments and immunotherapy are cornerstones in oncology, with demonstrated efficacy across different tumor types. Nevertheless, the overwhelming majority metastatic disease is incurable due to the onset of drug resistance. Preclinical models including genetically engineered mouse models, patient-derived xenografts and two- and three-dimensional cell cultures have emerged as a useful resource to study mechanisms of cancer progression and predict efficacy of anticancer drugs. However, variables including tumor heterogeneity and the complexities of the microenvironment can impair the faithfulness of these platforms. Here, we will discuss advantages and limitations of these preclinical models, their applicability for drug testing and in co-clinical trials and potential strategies to increase their reliability in predicting responsiveness to anticancer medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Genta
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bryan Coburn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David W. Cescon
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Spreafico
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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7
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Shekarian T, Zinner CP, Bartoszek EM, Duchemin W, Wachnowicz AT, Hogan S, Etter MM, Flammer J, Paganetti C, Martins TA, Schmassmann P, Zanganeh S, Le Goff F, Muraro MG, Ritz MF, Phillips D, Bhate SS, Barlow GL, Nolan GP, Schürch CM, Hutter G. Immunotherapy of glioblastoma explants induces interferon-γ responses and spatial immune cell rearrangements in tumor center, but not periphery. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn9440. [PMID: 35776791 PMCID: PMC10883360 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn9440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A patient-tailored, ex vivo drug response platform for glioblastoma (GBM) would facilitate therapy planning, provide insights into treatment-induced mechanisms in the immune tumor microenvironment (iTME), and enable the discovery of biomarkers of response. We cultured regionally annotated GBM explants in perfusion bioreactors to assess iTME responses to immunotherapy. Explants were treated with anti-CD47, anti-PD-1, or their combination, and analyzed by multiplexed microscopy [CO-Detection by indEXing (CODEX)], enabling the spatially resolved identification of >850,000 single cells, accompanied by explant secretome interrogation. Center and periphery explants differed in their cell type and soluble factor composition, and responses to immunotherapy. A subset of explants displayed increased interferon-γ levels, which correlated with shifts in immune cell composition within specified tissue compartments. Our study demonstrates that ex vivo immunotherapy of GBM explants enables an active antitumoral immune response within the tumor center and provides a framework for multidimensional personalized assessment of tumor response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tala Shekarian
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carl P Zinner
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ewelina M Bartoszek
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wandrille Duchemin
- sciCORE Center for Scientific Computing, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna T Wachnowicz
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Hogan
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manina M Etter
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Flammer
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Paganetti
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tomas A Martins
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philip Schmassmann
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steven Zanganeh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, USA
| | | | - Manuele G Muraro
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Françoise Ritz
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Darci Phillips
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Salil S Bhate
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Graham L Barlow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Garry P Nolan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christian M Schürch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gregor Hutter
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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8
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Ou L, Wang H, Huang H, Zhou Z, Lin Q, Guo Y, Mitchell T, Huang AC, Karakousis G, Schuchter L, Amaravadi R, Guo W, Salvino J, Herlyn M, Xu X. Preclinical platforms to study therapeutic efficacy of human γδ T cells. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e814. [PMID: 35731974 PMCID: PMC9217106 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gamma delta (γδ) T lymphocytes are promising candidate for adoptive T cell therapy, however, their treatment efficacy is not satisfactory. Vδ2 T cells are unique to primates and few suitable models are available to assay their anti-tumour function. METHODS We tested human γδ T cell activation, tumour infiltration, and tumour-killing in four three-dimensional (3D) models, including unicellular, bicellular and multicellular melanoma spheroids, and patient-derived melanoma organoids. We studied the effects of checkpoint inhibitors on γδ T cells and performed a small molecule screen using these platforms. RESULTS γδ T cells rapidly responded to melanoma cells and infiltrated melanoma spheroids better than αβ T cells in PBMCs. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in bicellular spheroids, stroma cells in multicellular melanoma spheroids and inhibitory immune cells in organoids significantly inhibited immune cell infiltrates including γδ T cells and lessened their cytotoxicity to tumour cells. Tumour-infiltrating γδ T cells showed exhausted immunophenotypes with high checkpoints expression (CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1). Immune checkpoint inhibitors increased γδ T cell infiltration of 3D models and killing of melanoma cells in all four 3D models. Our small molecule screen assay and subsequent mechanistic studies demonstrated that epigenetic modifiers enhanced the chemotaxis and cytotoxicity of γδ T cells through upregulating MICA/B, inhibiting HDAC6/7 pathway and downregulating the levels of PD-L1 and PD-L2 in CAFs and tumour cells. These compounds increased CXCR4 and CD107a expression, IFN-γ production and decreased PD-1 expression of γδ T cells. CONCLUSIONS Tumour-infiltrating γδ T cells show exhausted immunophenotypes and limited anti-tumour capacity in melanoma 3D models. Checkpoint inhibitors and epigenetic modifiers enhance anti-tumour functions of γδ T cells. These four 3D models provided valuable preclinical platforms to test γδ T cell functions for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Ou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Stomatological HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Huaishan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Hui Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhiyan Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qiang Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yeye Guo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Tara Mitchell
- Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Alexander C. Huang
- Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Giorgos Karakousis
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Lynn Schuchter
- Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ravi Amaravadi
- Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Joseph Salvino
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis ProgramThe Wistar InstitutePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Meenhard Herlyn
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis ProgramThe Wistar InstitutePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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9
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Three-dimensional models: a novel approach for lymphoma research. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:753-765. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03897-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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De Ridder K, Tung N, Werle JT, Karpf L, Awad RM, Bernier A, Ceuppens H, Salmon H, Goyvaerts C. Novel 3D Lung Tumor Spheroids for Oncoimmunological Assays. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten De Ridder
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy Department of Biomedical Sciences Vrije Universiteit Brussel Laarbeeklaan 103-E 1090 Jette Belgium
| | - Navpreet Tung
- Department of Oncological Sciences The Precision Immunology Institute The Tisch Cancer Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai 1470 Madison Avenue New York NY 10029 USA
| | - Jan-Timon Werle
- Institut Curie INSERM 75005 Paris France
- PSL Research University 75006 Paris France
| | - Léa Karpf
- Department of Oncological Sciences The Precision Immunology Institute The Tisch Cancer Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai 1470 Madison Avenue New York NY 10029 USA
| | - Robin Maximilian Awad
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy Department of Biomedical Sciences Vrije Universiteit Brussel Laarbeeklaan 103-E 1090 Jette Belgium
| | - Annie Bernier
- Institut Curie INSERM 75005 Paris France
- PSL Research University 75006 Paris France
| | - Hannelore Ceuppens
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy Department of Biomedical Sciences Vrije Universiteit Brussel Laarbeeklaan 103-E 1090 Jette Belgium
| | - Hélène Salmon
- Department of Oncological Sciences The Precision Immunology Institute The Tisch Cancer Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai 1470 Madison Avenue New York NY 10029 USA
- Institut Curie INSERM 75005 Paris France
- PSL Research University 75006 Paris France
| | - Cleo Goyvaerts
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy Department of Biomedical Sciences Vrije Universiteit Brussel Laarbeeklaan 103-E 1090 Jette Belgium
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11
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Modeling Tumor: Lymphatic Interactions in Lymphatic Metastasis of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236044. [PMID: 34885152 PMCID: PMC8656640 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lymphatic metastasis is a critical prognostic factor of breast cancer aggressiveness and patient survival. Since existing therapeutic approaches have shown limited efficacy, new strategies to identify effective therapeutic targets for reducing breast cancer lymphatic metastasis are needed. We have used novel culture chambers, designed and fabricated by our group, to develop 3D models in which we can study spat ial interactions between breast cancer cells and lymphatic cells as they occur in real-time. This approach provides information on the complex cell–cell interactions involved in lymphatic metastasis of breast cancers. Factors in the secretome of the lymphatic cells promote invasive outgrowths from 3D cultures of breast cancer cells, suggesting that targeting interactions between breast cancer cells and lymphatic cells could be a potential therapeutic approach for the prevention of lymphatic metastasis. Abstract Breast cancer frequently metastasizes to lymphatics and the presence of breast cancer cells in regional lymph nodes is an important prognostic factor. Delineating the mechanisms by which breast cancer cells disseminate and spatiotemporal aspects of interactions between breast cancer cells and lymphatics is needed to design new therapies to prevent lymphatic metastases. As triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a high incidence of lymphatic metastasis, we used a three-dimensional (3D) coculture model of human TNBC cells and human microvascular lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) to analyze TNBC:LEC interactions. Non-invasive analyses such as live-cell imaging in real-time and collection of conditioned media for secretomic analysis were facilitated by our novel microfluidic chambers. The volumes of 3D structures formed in TNBC:LEC cocultures are greater than that of 3D structures formed by either LEC or TNBC monocultures. Over 4 days of culture there is an increase in multicellular invasive outgrowths from TNBC spheroids and an association of TNBC spheroids with LEC networks. The increase in invasive phenotype also occurred when TNBC spheroids were cultured in LEC-conditioned media and in wells linked to ones containing LEC networks. Our results suggest that modeling spatiotemporal interactions between TNBC and LECs may reveal paracrine signaling that could be targeted to reduce lymphatic metastasis.
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12
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Hu LF, Yang X, Lan HR, Fang XL, Chen XY, Jin KT. Preclinical tumor organoid models in personalized cancer therapy: Not everyone fits the mold. Exp Cell Res 2021; 408:112858. [PMID: 34600901 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to conventional cancer treatment, in personalized cancer medicine each patient receives a specific treatment. The response to therapy, clinical outcomes, and tumor behavior such as metastases, tumor progression, carcinogenesis can be significantly affected by the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME) and interpersonal differences. Therefore, using native tumor microenvironment mimicking models is necessary to improving personalized cancer therapy. Both in vitro 2D cell culture and in vivo animal models poorly recapitulate the heterogeneous tumor (immune) microenvironments of native tumors. The development of 3D culture models, native tumor microenvironment mimicking models, made it possible to evaluate the chemoresistance of tumor tissue and the functionality of drugs in the presence of cell-extracellular matrix and cell-cell interactions in a 3D construction. Various personalized tumor models have been designed to preserving the native tumor microenvironment, including patient-derived tumor xenografts and organoid culture strategies. In this review, we will discuss the patient-derived organoids as a native tumor microenvironment mimicking model in personalized cancer therapy. In addition, we will also review the potential and the limitations of organoid culture systems for predicting patient outcomes and preclinical drug screening. Finally, we will discuss immunotherapy drug screening in tumor organoids by using microfluidic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Feng Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, 312000, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310014, China; Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310014, China
| | - Huan-Rong Lan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, 321000, China
| | - Xing-Liang Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University College of Medicine (Shaoxing Municipal Hospital), Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, 312000, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Chen
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310014, China; Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310014, China.
| | - Ke-Tao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, 321000, China.
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13
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Franchi-Mendes T, Eduardo R, Domenici G, Brito C. 3D Cancer Models: Depicting Cellular Crosstalk within the Tumour Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4610. [PMID: 34572836 PMCID: PMC8468887 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment plays a critical role in tumour progression and drug resistance processes. Non-malignant cell players, such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells and others, interact with each other and with the tumour cells, shaping the disease. Though the role of each cell type and cell communication mechanisms have been progressively studied, the complexity of this cellular network and its role in disease mechanism and therapeutic response are still being unveiled. Animal models have been mainly used, as they can represent systemic interactions and conditions, though they face recognized limitations in translational potential due to interspecies differences. In vitro 3D cancer models can surpass these limitations, by incorporating human cells, including patient-derived ones, and allowing a range of experimental designs with precise control of each tumour microenvironment element. We summarize the role of each tumour microenvironment component and review studies proposing 3D co-culture strategies of tumour cells and non-malignant cell components. Moreover, we discuss the potential of these modelling approaches to uncover potential therapeutic targets in the tumour microenvironment and assess therapeutic efficacy, current bottlenecks and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Franchi-Mendes
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (R.E.); (G.D.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Eduardo
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (R.E.); (G.D.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Giacomo Domenici
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (R.E.); (G.D.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina Brito
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (R.E.); (G.D.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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14
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Recruitment, Infiltration, and Cytotoxicity of HLA-Independent Killer Lymphocytes in Three-Dimensional Melanoma Models. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102302. [PMID: 34065007 PMCID: PMC8151151 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Limited therapeutic results of immune checkpoint inhibitors in definite tumor settings, such as melanoma, call for alternative or complementary approaches. Among these, adoptive cell therapy (ACT) by means of HLA-independent tumor killer lymphocytes is a promising approach. We aimed at developing a pre-clinical 3D model to investigate and visualize the interaction between tumor and immune effectors in melanoma. To this aim, we employed Cytokine-Induced Killer cells (CIK) and NK-92 on patient-derived melanoma samples. By means of imaging-based methods, we measured the effector recruitment on the 3D targets, their infiltration, and cytotoxic activity. Our results and methodologies can be easily generalized to other effectors and other classes of tumors and help elucidate fundamental questions on the basic biology and kinetics of immune effector recruitment in a realistic 3D setting mimicking a solid tumor. Abstract Cancer adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with HLA-independent tumor killer lymphocytes is a promising approach, with intrinsic features potentially addressing crucial tumor-escape mechanisms of checkpoint inhibitors. Cytokine-induced Killer (CIK) and Natural Killer (NK) lymphocytes share similar tumor-killing mechanisms, with preclinical evidence of intense activity against multiple solid tumors and currently testing in clinical studies. To improve the effective clinical translation of such ACT approaches, several fundamental questions still need to be addressed within appropriate preclinical contexts, capable of overcoming limitations imposed by most traditional two-dimensional assays. Here, we developed a novel experimental approach to explore, dissect, and visualize the interactions of CIK and NK lymphocytes with melanoma tumors in vitro in 3D. Primary melanoma cells were assembled into small tumors that were dispersed in a 3D matrix and challenged with patient-derived CIK or the NK-92 cell line. By means of imaging-based methods, we reported, visualized, and quantitatively measured the recruitment of CIK and NK on the 3D targets, their infiltration, and cytotoxic activity. Our results support the effective tumor recruitment and tumor infiltration by CIK and NK. Such features appeared dependent on the specific geometric aspects of the environment but can be explained in terms of directional migration toward the tumor, without invoking major feedback components. Overall, our 3D platform allows us to monitor the processes of tumor recruitment, infiltration, and killing by means of live measurements, revealing important kinetic aspects of ACT with CIK and NK against melanoma.
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15
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Colombo MV, Bersini S, Arrigoni C, Gilardi M, Sansoni V, Ragni E, Candiani G, Lombardi G, Moretti M. Engineering the early bone metastatic niche through human vascularized immuno bone minitissues. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 33735854 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abefea] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bone metastases occur in 65%-80% advanced breast cancer patients. Although significant progresses have been made in understanding the biological mechanisms driving the bone metastatic cascade, traditional 2Din vitromodels and animal studies are not effectively reproducing breast cancer cells (CCs) interactions with the bone microenvironment and suffer from species-specific differences, respectively. Moreover, simplifiedin vitromodels cannot realistically estimate drug anti-tumoral properties and side effects, hence leading to pre-clinical testing frequent failures. To solve this issue, a 3D metastatic bone minitissue (MBm) is designed with embedded human osteoblasts, osteoclasts, bone-resident macrophages, endothelial cells and breast CCs. This minitissue recapitulates key features of the bone metastatic niche, including the alteration of macrophage polarization and microvascular architecture, along with the induction of CC micrometastases and osteomimicry. The minitissue reflects breast CC organ-specific metastatization to bone compared to a muscle minitissue. Finally, two FDA approved drugs, doxorubicin and rapamycin, have been tested showing that the dose required to impair CC growth is significantly higher in the MBm compared to a simpler CC monoculture minitissue. The MBm allows the investigation of metastasis key biological features and represents a reliable tool to better predict drug effects on the metastatic bone microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Colombo
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Laboratory, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.,Biocompatibility and Cell Culture Laboratory 'BioCell', Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Bersini
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Laboratory, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Arrigoni
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Laboratory, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Mara Gilardi
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Veronica Sansoni
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 20161 Milano, Italy
| | - Enrico Ragni
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Orthopedic Biotechnology Lab, 20161 Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriele Candiani
- Biocompatibility and Cell Culture Laboratory 'BioCell', Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 20161 Milano, Italy.,Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań 61-871, Poland
| | - Matteo Moretti
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Laboratory, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, 20161 Milano, Italy.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
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16
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Klein E, Hau AC, Oudin A, Golebiewska A, Niclou SP. Glioblastoma Organoids: Pre-Clinical Applications and Challenges in the Context of Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:604121. [PMID: 33364198 PMCID: PMC7753120 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.604121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant brain tumors remain uniformly fatal, even with the best-to-date treatment. For Glioblastoma (GBM), the most severe form of brain cancer in adults, the median overall survival is roughly over a year. New therapeutic options are urgently needed, yet recent clinical trials in the field have been largely disappointing. This is partially due to inappropriate preclinical model systems, which do not reflect the complexity of patient tumors. Furthermore, clinically relevant patient-derived models recapitulating the immune compartment are lacking, which represents a bottleneck for adequate immunotherapy testing. Emerging 3D organoid cultures offer innovative possibilities for cancer modeling. Here, we review available GBM organoid models amenable to a large variety of pre-clinical applications including functional bioassays such as proliferation and invasion, drug screening, and the generation of patient-derived orthotopic xenografts (PDOX) for validation of biological responses in vivo. We emphasize advantages and technical challenges in establishing immunocompetent ex vivo models based on co-cultures of GBM organoids and human immune cells. The latter can be isolated either from the tumor or from patient or donor blood as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We also discuss the challenges to generate GBM PDOXs based on humanized mouse models to validate efficacy of immunotherapies in vivo. A detailed characterization of such models at the cellular and molecular level is needed to understand the potential and limitations for various immune activating strategies. Increasing the availability of immunocompetent GBM models will improve research on emerging immune therapeutic approaches against aggressive brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Klein
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Ann-Christin Hau
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anaïs Oudin
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anna Golebiewska
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Simone P. Niclou
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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17
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Tognon CE, Sears RC, Mills GB, Gray JW, Tyner JW. Ex Vivo Analysis of Primary Tumor Specimens for Evaluation of Cancer Therapeutics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2020; 5:39-57. [PMID: 34222745 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-043020-125955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of ex vivo drug sensitivity testing to predict drug activity in individual patients has been actively explored for almost 50 years without delivering a generally useful predictive capability. However, extended failure should not be an indicator of futility. This is especially true in cancer research where ultimate success is often preceded by less successful attempts. For example, both immune- and genetic-based targeted therapies for cancer underwent numerous failed attempts before biological understanding, improved targets, and optimized drug development matured to facilitate an arsenal of transformational drugs. Similarly, the concept of directly assessing drug sensitivity of primary tumor biopsies-and the use of this information to help direct therapeutic approaches-has a long history with a definitive learning curve. In this review, we will survey the history of ex vivo testing as well as the current state of the art for this field. We will present an update on methodologies and approaches, describe the use of these technologies to test cutting-edge drug classes, and describe an increasingly nuanced understanding of tumor types and models for which this strategy is most likely to succeed. We will consider the relative strengths and weaknesses of predicting drug activity across the broad biological context of cancer patients and tumor types. This will include an analysis of the potential for ex vivo drug sensitivity testing to accurately predict drug activity within each of the biological hallmarks of cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina E Tognon
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Rosalie C Sears
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University.,Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University.,Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University.,Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University.,Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Joe W Gray
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University.,Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University.,Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Jeffrey W Tyner
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University.,Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University
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18
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Heredia-Soto V, Redondo A, Kreilinger JJP, Martínez-Marín V, Berjón A, Mendiola M. 3D Culture Modelling: An Emerging Approach for Translational Cancer Research in Sarcomas. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4778-4788. [PMID: 31830880 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191212162102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomas are tumours of mesenchymal origin, which can arise in bone or soft tissues. They are rare but frequently quite aggressive and with a poor outcome. New approaches are needed to characterise these tumours and their resistance mechanisms to current therapies, responsible for tumour recurrence and treatment failure. This review is focused on the potential of three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models, including multicellular tumour spheroids (MCTS) and organoids, and the latest data about their utility for the study on important properties for tumour development. The use of spheroids as a particularly valuable alternative for compound high throughput screening (HTS) in different areas of cancer biology is also discussed, which enables the identification of new therapeutic opportunities in commonly resistant tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrés Redondo
- Translational Oncology Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Juan Pozo Kreilinger
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets Group, Idi- PAZ,La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Berjón
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets Group, Idi- PAZ,La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Mendiola
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets Group, Idi- PAZ,La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Modeling Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Efficacy in Syngeneic Mouse Tumors in an Ex Vivo Immuno-Oncology Dynamic Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186478. [PMID: 32899865 PMCID: PMC7555450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune checkpoint blockade represents a revolution in cancer therapy, with the potential to increase survival for many patients for whom current treatments are not effective. However, response rates to current immune checkpoint inhibitors vary widely between patients and different types of cancer, and the mechanisms underlying these varied responses are poorly understood. Insights into the antitumor activities of checkpoint inhibitors are often obtained using syngeneic mouse models, which provide an in vivo preclinical basis for predicting efficacy in human clinical trials. Efforts to establish in vitro syngeneic mouse equivalents, which could increase throughput and permit real-time evaluation of lymphocyte infiltration and tumor killing, have been hampered by difficulties in recapitulating the tumor microenvironment in laboratory systems. Here, we describe a multiplex in vitro system that overcomes many of the deficiencies seen in current static histocultures, which we applied to the evaluation of checkpoint blockade in tumors derived from syngeneic mouse models. Our system enables both precision-controlled perfusion across biopsied tumor fragments and the introduction of checkpoint-inhibited tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in a single experiment. Through real-time high-resolution confocal imaging and analytics, we demonstrated excellent correlations between in vivo syngeneic mouse and in vitro tumor biopsy responses to checkpoint inhibitors, suggesting the use of this platform for higher throughput evaluation of checkpoint efficacy as a tool for drug development.
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20
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Datta P, Dey M, Ataie Z, Unutmaz D, Ozbolat IT. 3D bioprinting for reconstituting the cancer microenvironment. NPJ Precis Oncol 2020; 4:18. [PMID: 32793806 PMCID: PMC7385083 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-020-0121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer microenvironment is known for its complexity, both in its content as well as its dynamic nature, which is difficult to study using two-dimensional (2D) cell culture models. Several advances in tissue engineering have allowed more physiologically relevant three-dimensional (3D) in vitro cancer models, such as spheroid cultures, biopolymer scaffolds, and cancer-on-a-chip devices. Although these models serve as powerful tools for dissecting the roles of various biochemical and biophysical cues in carcinoma initiation and progression, they lack the ability to control the organization of multiple cell types in a complex dynamic 3D architecture. By virtue of its ability to precisely define perfusable networks and position of various cell types in a high-throughput manner, 3D bioprinting has the potential to more closely recapitulate the cancer microenvironment, relative to current methods. In this review, we discuss the applications of 3D bioprinting in mimicking cancer microenvironment, their use in immunotherapy as prescreening tools, and overview of current bioprinted cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Datta
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur, Howrah, India
| | - Madhuri Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Zaman Ataie
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Derya Unutmaz
- The Jackson Laboratory of Genomics Medicine, Farmington, CT USA
| | - Ibrahim T. Ozbolat
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA USA
- Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA USA
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21
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Wang T, Wang L, Wang G, Zhuang Y. Leveraging and manufacturing in vitro multicellular spheroid-based tumor cell model as a preclinical tool for translating dysregulated tumor metabolism into clinical targets and biomarkers. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-020-00325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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22
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Temples MN, Adjei IM, Nimocks PM, Djeu J, Sharma B. Engineered Three-Dimensional Tumor Models to Study Natural Killer Cell Suppression. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4179-4199. [PMID: 33463353 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A critical hurdle associated with natural killer (NK) cell immunotherapies is inadequate infiltration and function in the solid tumor microenvironment. Well-controlled 3D culture systems could advance our understanding of the role of various biophysical and biochemical cues that impact NK cell migration in solid tumors. The objectives of this study were to establish a biomaterial which (i) supports NK cell migration and (ii) recapitulates features of the in vivo solid tumor microenvironment, to study NK infiltration and function in a 3D system. Using peptide-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels, the extent of NK-92 cell migration was observed to be largely dependent on the density of integrin binding sites and the presence of matrix metalloproteinase degradable sites. When lung cancer cells were encapsulated into the hydrogels to create tumor microenvironments, the extent of NK-92 cell migration and functional activity was dependent on the cancer cell type and duration of 3D culture. NK-92 cells showed greater migration into the models consisting of nonmetastatic A549 cells relative to metastatic H1299 cells, and reduced migration in both models when cancer cells were cultured for 7 days versus 1 day. In addition, the production of NK cell-related pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines was reduced in H1299 models relative to A549 models. These differences in NK-92 cell migration and cytokine/chemokine production corresponded to differences in the production of various immunomodulatory molecules by the different cancer cells, namely, the H1299 models showed increased stress ligand shedding and immunosuppressive cytokine production, particularly TGF-β. Indeed, inhibition of TGF-β receptor I in NK-92 cells restored their infiltration in H1299 models to levels similar to that in A549 models and increased overall infiltration in both models. Relative to conventional 2D cocultures, NK-92 cell mediated cytotoxicity was reduced in the 3D tumor models, suggesting the hydrogel serves to mimic some features of the biophysical barriers in in vivo tumor microenvironments. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a synthetic hydrogel system for investigating the biophysical and biochemical cues impacting NK cell infiltration and NK cell-cancer cell interactions in the solid tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison N Temples
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Biomedical Sciences Building JG-56, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6131, United States
| | - Isaac M Adjei
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Biomedical Sciences Building JG-56, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6131, United States
| | - Phoebe M Nimocks
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Biomedical Sciences Building JG-56, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6131, United States
| | - Julie Djeu
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center MRC 4E, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States
| | - Blanka Sharma
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Biomedical Sciences Building JG-56, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6131, United States
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23
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Di Blasio S, van Wigcheren GF, Becker A, van Duffelen A, Gorris M, Verrijp K, Stefanini I, Bakker GJ, Bloemendal M, Halilovic A, Vasaturo A, Bakdash G, Hato SV, de Wilt JHW, Schalkwijk J, de Vries IJM, Textor JC, van den Bogaard EH, Tazzari M, Figdor CG. The tumour microenvironment shapes dendritic cell plasticity in a human organotypic melanoma culture. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2749. [PMID: 32488012 PMCID: PMC7265463 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16583-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) forms a major obstacle in effective cancer treatment and for clinical success of immunotherapy. Conventional co-cultures have shed light onto multiple aspects of cancer immunobiology, but they are limited by the lack of physiological complexity. We develop a human organotypic skin melanoma culture (OMC) that allows real-time study of host-malignant cell interactions within a multicellular tissue architecture. By co-culturing decellularized dermis with keratinocytes, fibroblasts and immune cells in the presence of melanoma cells, we generate a reconstructed TME that closely resembles tumour growth as observed in human lesions and supports cell survival and function. We demonstrate that the OMC is suitable and outperforms conventional 2D co-cultures for the study of TME-imprinting mechanisms. Within the OMC, we observe the tumour-driven conversion of cDC2s into CD14+ DCs, characterized by an immunosuppressive phenotype. The OMC provides a valuable approach to study how a TME affects the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Di Blasio
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Tumour-Host Interaction Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - G F van Wigcheren
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Becker
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A van Duffelen
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Gorris
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - K Verrijp
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I Stefanini
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - G J Bakker
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Bloemendal
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Halilovic
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Vasaturo
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G Bakdash
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S V Hato
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J H W de Wilt
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Schalkwijk
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I J M de Vries
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J C Textor
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E H van den Bogaard
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Tazzari
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Immunotherapy-Cell Therapy and Biobank Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy.
| | - C G Figdor
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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24
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Ramzy GM, Koessler T, Ducrey E, McKee T, Ris F, Buchs N, Rubbia-Brandt L, Dietrich PY, Nowak-Sliwinska P. Patient-Derived In Vitro Models for Drug Discovery in Colorectal Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061423. [PMID: 32486365 PMCID: PMC7352800 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lack of relevant preclinical models that reliably recapitulate the complexity and heterogeneity of human cancer has slowed down the development and approval of new anti-cancer therapies. Even though two-dimensional in vitro culture models remain widely used, they allow only partial cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions and therefore do not represent the complex nature of the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, better models reflecting intra-tumor heterogeneity need to be incorporated in the drug screening process to more reliably predict the efficacy of drug candidates. Classic methods of modelling colorectal carcinoma (CRC), while useful for many applications, carry numerous limitations. In this review, we address the recent advances in in vitro CRC model systems, ranging from conventional CRC patient-derived models, such as conditional reprogramming-based cell cultures, to more experimental and state-of-the-art models, such as cancer-on-chip platforms or liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M. Ramzy
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (G.M.R.); (E.D.)
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thibaud Koessler
- Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (T.K.); (P.-Y.D.)
| | - Eloise Ducrey
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (G.M.R.); (E.D.)
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas McKee
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Diagnostic Department, University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (T.M.); (L.R.-B.)
| | - Frédéric Ris
- Translational Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (F.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Nicolas Buchs
- Translational Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (F.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Laura Rubbia-Brandt
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Diagnostic Department, University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (T.M.); (L.R.-B.)
| | - Pierre-Yves Dietrich
- Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (T.K.); (P.-Y.D.)
| | - Patrycja Nowak-Sliwinska
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (G.M.R.); (E.D.)
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-22-379-3352
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25
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Calpe B, Kovacs WJ. High-throughput screening in multicellular spheroids for target discovery in the tumor microenvironment. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:955-967. [PMID: 32364413 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1756769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Solid tumors are highly influenced by a complex tumor microenvironment (TME) that cannot be modeled with conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture. In addition, monolayer culture conditions tend to induce undesirable molecular and phenotypic cellular changes. The discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo is an important factor accounting for the high failure rate in drug development. Three-dimensional (3D) multicellular tumor spheroids (MTS) more closely resemble the in vivo situation in avascularized tumors. AREAS COVERED This review describes the use of MTS for anti-cancer drug discovery, with an emphasis on high-throughput screening (HTS) compatible assays. In particular, we focus on how these assays can be used for target discovery in the context of the TME. EXPERT OPINION Arrayed MTS in microtiter plates are HTS compatible but remain more expensive and time consuming than their 2D culture counterpart. It is therefore imperative to use assays with multiplexed readouts, in order to maximize the information that can be gained with the screen. In this context, high-content screening allowing to uncover microenvironmental dependencies is the true added value of MTS-based screening compared to 2D culture-based screening. Hit translation in animal models will, however, be key to allow a broader use of MTS-based screening in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise Calpe
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, Debiopharm , Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Werner J Kovacs
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
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26
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Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Based on Magnetic Fields to Assemble Low-Grade Ovarian Carcinoma Cell Aggregates Containing Lymphocytes. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030635. [PMID: 32155738 PMCID: PMC7140502 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a limited number of established ovarian cancer cell lines matching the low-grade serous histotype available for research purposes. Three-dimensional (3D) culture systems provide in vitro models with better tissue-like characteristics than two-dimensional (2D) systems. The goal in the study was to characterize the growth of a given low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma cell line in a 3D culture system conducted in a magnetic field. Moreover, the culture system was evaluated in respect to the assembly of malignant cell aggregates containing lymphocytes. CAISMOV24 cell line alone or mixed with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured using a commercially available 3D culture system designed for 24 well plates. Resulting cell aggregates revealed the intrinsic capacity of CAISMOV24 cells to assemble structures morphologically defined as papillary, and reflected molecular characteristics usually found in ovarian carcinomas. The contents of lymphocytes into co-cultured cell aggregates were significantly higher (p < 0.05) when NanoShuttle-conjugated PBMC were employed compared with non-conjugated PBMC. Moreover, lymphocyte subsets NK, T-CD4, T-CD8 and T-regulatory were successfully retrieved from co-cultured cell aggregates at 72h. Thus, the culture system allowed CAISMOV24 cell line to develop papillary-like cell aggregates containing lymphocytes.
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27
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Pinto C, Estrada MF, Brito C. In Vitro and Ex Vivo Models - The Tumor Microenvironment in a Flask. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1219:431-443. [PMID: 32130713 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34025-4_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Experimental tumor modeling has long supported the discovery of fundamental mechanisms of tumorigenesis and tumor progression, as well as provided platforms for the development of novel therapies. Still, the attrition rates observed today in clinical translation could be, in part, mitigated by more accurate recapitulation of environmental cues in research and preclinical models. The increasing understanding of the decisive role that tumor microenvironmental cues play in the outcome of drug response urges its integration in preclinical tumor models. In this chapter we review recent developments concerning in vitro and ex vivo approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Pinto
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Marta F Estrada
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina Brito
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.
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28
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Courau T, Bonnereau J, Chicoteau J, Bottois H, Remark R, Assante Miranda L, Toubert A, Blery M, Aparicio T, Allez M, Le Bourhis L. Cocultures of human colorectal tumor spheroids with immune cells reveal the therapeutic potential of MICA/B and NKG2A targeting for cancer treatment. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:74. [PMID: 30871626 PMCID: PMC6417026 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapies still fail to benefit colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Relevant functional assays aimed at studying these failures and the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy in human are scarce. 3D tumor cultures, called tumor organoids or spheroids, represent interesting models to study cancer treatments and could help to challenge these issues. Methods We analyzed heterotypic cocultures of human colon tumor-derived spheroids with immune cells to assess the infiltration, activation and function of T and NK cells toward human colorectal tumors in vitro. Results We showed that allogeneic T and NK cells rapidly infiltrated cell line-derived spheroids, inducing immune-mediated tumor cell apoptosis and spheroid destruction. NKG2D, a key activator of cytotoxic responses, was engaged on infiltrating cells. We thus assessed the therapeutic potential of an antibody targeting the specific ligands of NKG2D, MICA and MICB, in this system. Anti-MICA/B enhanced immune-dependent destruction of tumor spheroid by driving an increased NK cells infiltration and activation. Interestingly, tumor cells reacted to immune infiltration by upregulating HLA-E, ligand of the inhibitory receptor NKG2A expressed by CD8 and NK cells. NKG2A was increased after anti-MICA/B treatment and, accordingly, combination of anti-MICA/B and anti-NKG2A was synergistic. These observations were ultimately confirmed in a clinical relevant model of coculture between CRC patients-derived spheroids and autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Conclusions Altogether, we show that tumor spheroids represent a relevant tool to study tumor-lymphocyte interactions on human tissues and revealed the antitumor potential of immunomodulatory antibodies targeting MICA/B and NKG2A. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40425-019-0553-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Courau
- INSERM U1160, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Julie Bonnereau
- INSERM U1160, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France.,Paris-Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Justine Chicoteau
- INSERM U1160, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France.,Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology Department, Saint Louis Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Bottois
- INSERM U1160, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France.,Paris-Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Antoine Toubert
- INSERM U1160, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France.,Paris-Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Thomas Aparicio
- INSERM U1160, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France.,Paris-Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology Department, Saint Louis Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Allez
- INSERM U1160, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France.,Paris-Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology Department, Saint Louis Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Lionel Le Bourhis
- INSERM U1160, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France.
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Manfredonia C, Muraro MG, Hirt C, Mele V, Governa V, Papadimitropoulos A, Däster S, Soysal SD, Droeser RA, Mechera R, Oertli D, Rosso R, Bolli M, Zettl A, Terracciano LM, Spagnoli GC, Martin I, Iezzi G. Maintenance of Primary Human Colorectal Cancer Microenvironment Using a Perfusion Bioreactor-Based 3D Culture System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:e1800300. [PMID: 32627426 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Conventional chemotherapeutic regimens have limited success rates, and a major challenge for the development of novel therapies is the lack of adequate in vitro models. Nonmalignant mesenchymal and immune cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME) are known to critically affect CRC progression and drug responsiveness. However, tumor drug sensitivity is still evaluated on systems, such as cell monolayers, spheroids, or tumor xenografts, which typically neglect the original TME. Here, it is investigated whether a bioreactor-based 3D culture system can preserve the main TME cellular components in primary CRC samples. Freshly excised CRC fragments are inserted between two collagen scaffolds in a "sandwich-like" format and cultured under static or perfused conditions up to 3 d. Perfused cultures maintain tumor tissue architecture and densities of proliferating tumor cells to significantly higher extents than static cultures. Stromal and immune cells are also preserved and fully viable, as indicated by their responsiveness to microenvironmental stimuli. Importantly, perfusion-based cultures prove suitable for testing the sensitivity of primary tumor cells to chemotherapies currently in use for CRC. Perfusion-based culture of primary CRC specimens recapitulates TME key features and may allow assessment of tumor drug response in a patient-specific context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Manfredonia
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland.,Tissue Engineering, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Manuele G Muraro
- Tissue Engineering, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland.,Oncology Surgery, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Christian Hirt
- Tissue Engineering, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland.,Oncology Surgery, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Mele
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Governa
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland.,Oncology Surgery, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Adam Papadimitropoulos
- Tissue Engineering, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Däster
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Savas D Soysal
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Raoul A Droeser
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Robert Mechera
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Oertli
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Rosso
- Department of Surgery, Canton Hospital Lugano, Lugano, 6900, Switzerland
| | - Martin Bolli
- Department of Surgery, Claraspital, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Giulio C Spagnoli
- Oncology Surgery, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Tissue Engineering, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Giandomenica Iezzi
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland.,Department of Surgery, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale and Università Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, 6500, Switzerland
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30
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Ando Y, Siegler E, Ta HP, Cinay GE, Zhou H, Gorrell KA, Au H, Jarvis BM, Wang P, Shen K. Evaluating CAR-T Cell Therapy in a Hypoxic 3D Tumor Model. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900001. [PMID: 30734529 PMCID: PMC6448565 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite its revolutionary success in hematological malignancies, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy faces disappointing clinical results in solid tumors. The poor efficacy has been partially attributed to the lack of understanding in how CAR-T cells function in a solid tumor microenvironment. Hypoxia plays a critical role in cancer progression and immune editing, which potentially results in solid tumors escaping immunosurveillance and CAR-T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Mechanistic studies of CAR-T cell biology in a physiological environment has been limited by the complexity of tumor-immune interactions in clinical and animal models, as well as by a lack of reliable in vitro models. A microdevice platform that recapitulates a 3D tumor section with a gradient of oxygen and integrates fluidic channels surrounding the tumor for CAR-T cell delivery is engineered. The design allows for the evaluation of CAR-T cell cytotoxicity and infiltration in the heterogeneous oxygen landscape of in vivo solid tumors at a previously unachievable scale in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Ando
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Elizabeth Siegler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Hoang P. Ta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Gunce E. Cinay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Kimberly A. Gorrell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Hannah Au
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenesis, College of Letters and Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Bethany M. Jarvis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Pin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Keyue Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
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32
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Guo L, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Peng H, Wei R, Wang C, Feng M. Tunneling Nanotubular Expressways for Ultrafast and Accurate M1 Macrophage Delivery of Anticancer Drugs to Metastatic Ovarian Carcinoma. ACS NANO 2019; 13:1078-1096. [PMID: 30608136 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is extremely difficult for cancer chemotherapy to control the peritoneal metastasis of advanced ovarian carcinoma given its inability to target disseminated tumors and the severe toxic side effects on healthy organs. Here, we report antitumor M1 macrophages developed as live-cell carriers that deliver anticancer drugs for the treatment of the metastatic ovarian carcinoma. Engineered doxorubicin-loaded M1 macrophages (M1-Dox) significantly enhanced tumor tropism by upregulation of CCR2 and CCR4 compared with their parent cells. Meanwhile, M1-Dox inhibited doxorubicin-induced tumor invasion, whereas commercial Lipo-Dox did not limit these side effects. Importantly, our data uncovered a drug delivery mechanism by which M1-Dox transferred drug cargoes into tumor cells via a tunneling nanotube pathway. The tunneling nanotube network acted as a transportation expressway for ultrafast drug delivery of M1-Dox, leading to efficient ovarian carcinoma cell death. Furthermore, genetic, pharmacological, and physical perturbations of these tunneling nanotubes obviously decreased drug transfer of M1-Dox, which further validated the evident correlation between drug delivery of M1-Dox and tunneling nanotubes. Finally, in peritoneal metastatic ovarian carcinoma-burdened mice, M1-Dox specifically penetrated into and accumulated deep within disseminated neoplastic lesions compared with commercial Lipo-Dox, resulting in reducing metastatic tumors to a nearly undetectable level and significantly increasing overall survival. Overall, the strategy of engineered macrophages for ultrafast and accurate drug delivery via the tunneling nanotubular expressway potentially revolutionizes the treatment of metastatic ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hui Peng
- Department of Surgery , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States
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33
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Qu C, Ma J, Zhang Y, Han C, Huang L, Shen L, Li H, Wang X, Liu J, Zou W. Estrogen receptor variant ER-α36 promotes tamoxifen agonist activity in glioblastoma cells. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:221-234. [PMID: 30417588 PMCID: PMC6317923 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly infiltrative and malignant primary brain tumor. Despite aggressive therapy, patients with GBM have a dismal prognosis with median survival of approximately 1 year. Tamoxifen (TAM), a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), has been used to treat GBM for many years. ER‐α36 is a novel variant of estrogen receptor‐alpha66 (ER‐α66) and can mediate cell proliferation through estrogen or anti‐estrogen signaling in different cancer cells. Previously, we found that ER‐α36 was highly expressed in GBM and was involved in the tamoxifen sensitivity of glioblastoma cells. However, the molecular mechanism responsible has not been well established. Here, we found that ER‐α36 is highly expressed in glioblastoma specimens. We further found that ER‐α36 knockdown increased sensitivity of glioblastoma U87 cells to TAM and decreased autophagy in these cells. However, ER‐α36 overexpression decreased TAM sensitivity and induced autophagy. We also established TAM‐resistant glioblastoma U251 cells by a long‐term culture in TAM‐containing medium and found that TAM‐resistant cells showed a six‐fold increase of ER‐α36 mRNA expression and elevated basal autophagy. ER‐α36 knockdown in these TAM‐resistant cells restored TAM sensitivity. In addition, we recapitulated the physiologically relevant tumor microenvironment in an integrated microfluidic device, and U87 cells were treated with a gradient of TAM. We found that ER‐α36 expression is consistent with autophagy protein P62 in a three‐dimensional microenvironment. In summary, these results indicate that ER‐α36 contributes to tamoxifen resistance in glioblastoma cells presumably through regulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Qu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.,Regenerative Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Research Centre, No. 210 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Dalian, China
| | - Jingyun Ma
- Regenerative Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yejun Zhang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Chao Han
- Regenerative Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liang Huang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Liming Shen
- Regenerative Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Research Centre, No. 210 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Regenerative Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Zou
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
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Osswald A, Hedrich V, Sommergruber W. 3D-3 Tumor Models in Drug Discovery for Analysis of Immune Cell Infiltration. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1953:151-162. [PMID: 30912021 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9145-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The cross talk between tumor cells and other cells present in the tumor microenvironment such as stromal and immune cells highly influences the behavior and progression of disease. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of interaction is a prerequisite to develop new treatment strategies and to prevent or at least reduce therapy failure in the future. Specific reactivation of the patient's immune system is one of the major goals today. However, standard two-dimensional (2D) cell culture techniques lack the necessary complexity to address related questions. Novel three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models-embedded in a matrix or encapsulated in alginate-recapitulate the in vivo situation much better. Cross talk between different cell types can be studied starting from co-cultures. As cancer immune modulation is becoming a major research topic, 3D in vitro models represent an important tool to address immune regulatory/modulatory questions for T, NK, and other cells of the immune system. The 3D systems consisting of tumor cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells (3D-3) already proved as a reliable tool for us. For instance, we made use of those models to study the molecular mechanisms of the cross talk of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and fibroblasts, to unveil macrophage plasticity in the tumor microenvironment and to mirror drug responses in vivo. Generation of those 3D models and how to use them to study immune cell infiltration and activation will be described in the present book chapter.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Bioreactors
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Cells, Immobilized/drug effects
- Cells, Immobilized/immunology
- Cells, Immobilized/pathology
- Coculture Techniques/methods
- Drug Discovery/methods
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor/methods
- Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Fibroblasts/immunology
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Spheroids, Cellular/drug effects
- Spheroids, Cellular/immunology
- Spheroids, Cellular/pathology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viola Hedrich
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
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Neal JT, Li X, Zhu J, Giangarra V, Grzeskowiak CL, Ju J, Liu IH, Chiou SH, Salahudeen AA, Smith AR, Deutsch BC, Liao L, Zemek AJ, Zhao F, Karlsson K, Schultz LM, Metzner TJ, Nadauld LD, Tseng YY, Alkhairy S, Oh C, Keskula P, Mendoza-Villanueva D, De La Vega FM, Kunz PL, Liao JC, Leppert JT, Sunwoo JB, Sabatti C, Boehm JS, Hahn WC, Zheng GXY, Davis MM, Kuo CJ. Organoid Modeling of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Cell 2018; 175:1972-1988.e16. [PMID: 30550791 PMCID: PMC6656687 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 817] [Impact Index Per Article: 136.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In vitro cancer cultures, including three-dimensional organoids, typically contain exclusively neoplastic epithelium but require artificial reconstitution to recapitulate the tumor microenvironment (TME). The co-culture of primary tumor epithelia with endogenous, syngeneic tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as a cohesive unit has been particularly elusive. Here, an air-liquid interface (ALI) method propagated patient-derived organoids (PDOs) from >100 human biopsies or mouse tumors in syngeneic immunocompetent hosts as tumor epithelia with native embedded immune cells (T, B, NK, macrophages). Robust droplet-based, single-cell simultaneous determination of gene expression and immune repertoire indicated that PDO TILs accurately preserved the original tumor T cell receptor (TCR) spectrum. Crucially, human and murine PDOs successfully modeled immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) with anti-PD-1- and/or anti-PD-L1 expanding and activating tumor antigen-specific TILs and eliciting tumor cytotoxicity. Organoid-based propagation of primary tumor epithelium en bloc with endogenous immune stroma should enable immuno-oncology investigations within the TME and facilitate personalized immunotherapy testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Neal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xingnan Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Junjie Zhu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Caitlin L Grzeskowiak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jihang Ju
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Iris H Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shin-Heng Chiou
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ameen A Salahudeen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amber R Smith
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brian C Deutsch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lillian Liao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Allison J Zemek
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fan Zhao
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kasper Karlsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Liora M Schultz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Metzner
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lincoln D Nadauld
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yuen-Yi Tseng
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Coyin Oh
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paula Keskula
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Pamela L Kunz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph C Liao
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John T Leppert
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John B Sunwoo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chiara Sabatti
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Statistics, Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jesse S Boehm
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William C Hahn
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Mark M Davis
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Calvin J Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Senthebane DA, Jonker T, Rowe A, Thomford NE, Munro D, Dandara C, Wonkam A, Govender D, Calder B, Soares NC, Blackburn JM, Parker MI, Dzobo K. The Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Chemoresistance: 3D Extracellular Matrices as Accomplices. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2861. [PMID: 30241395 PMCID: PMC6213202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The functional interplay between tumor cells and their adjacent stroma has been suggested to play crucial roles in the initiation and progression of tumors and the effectiveness of chemotherapy. The extracellular matrix (ECM), a complex network of extracellular proteins, provides both physical and chemicals cues necessary for cell proliferation, survival, and migration. Understanding how ECM composition and biomechanical properties affect cancer progression and response to chemotherapeutic drugs is vital to the development of targeted treatments. METHODS 3D cell-derived-ECMs and esophageal cancer cell lines were used as a model to investigate the effect of ECM proteins on esophageal cancer cell lines response to chemotherapeutics. Immunohistochemical and qRT-PCR evaluation of ECM proteins and integrin gene expression was done on clinical esophageal squamous cell carcinoma biopsies. Esophageal cancer cell lines (WHCO1, WHCO5, WHCO6, KYSE180, KYSE 450 and KYSE 520) were cultured on decellularised ECMs (fibroblasts-derived ECM; cancer cell-derived ECM; combinatorial-ECM) and treated with 0.1% Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 4.2 µM cisplatin, 3.5 µM 5-fluorouracil and 2.5 µM epirubicin for 24 h. Cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, colony formation, apoptosis, migration and activation of signaling pathways were used as our study endpoints. RESULTS The expression of collagens, fibronectin and laminins was significantly increased in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) tumor samples compared to the corresponding normal tissue. Decellularised ECMs abrogated the effect of drugs on cancer cell cycling, proliferation and reduced drug induced apoptosis by 20⁻60% that of those plated on plastic. The mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK-ERK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathways were upregulated in the presence of the ECMs. Furthermore, our data show that concomitant addition of chemotherapeutic drugs and the use of collagen- and fibronectin-deficient ECMs through siRNA inhibition synergistically increased cancer cell sensitivity to drugs by 30⁻50%, and reduced colony formation and cancer cell migration. CONCLUSION Our study shows that ECM proteins play a key role in the response of cancer cells to chemotherapy and suggest that targeting ECM proteins can be an effective therapeutic strategy against chemoresistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimakatso Alice Senthebane
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Wernher and Beit Building (South), UCT Campus, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Tina Jonker
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Wernher and Beit Building (South), UCT Campus, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Arielle Rowe
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Wernher and Beit Building (South), UCT Campus, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Nicholas Ekow Thomford
- Pharmacogenetics Research Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Daniella Munro
- Pharmacogenetics Research Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Collet Dandara
- Pharmacogenetics Research Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Ambroise Wonkam
- Pharmacogenetics Research Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Dhirendra Govender
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, NHLS-Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Bridget Calder
- Division of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Nelson C Soares
- Division of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Jonathan M Blackburn
- Division of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - M Iqbal Parker
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Kevin Dzobo
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Wernher and Beit Building (South), UCT Campus, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
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Foglietta F, Spagnoli GC, Muraro MG, Ballestri M, Guerrini A, Ferroni C, Aluigi A, Sotgiu G, Varchi G. Anticancer activity of paclitaxel-loaded keratin nanoparticles in two-dimensional and perfused three-dimensional breast cancer models. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:4847-4867. [PMID: 30214193 PMCID: PMC6122896 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s159942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Taxanes are highly effective cytotoxic drugs for progressing breast cancer treatment. However, their poor solubility and high toxicity urge the development of innovative formulations of potential clinical relevance. MATERIALS AND METHODS By using a simple and straightforward aggregation method, we have generated paclitaxel (PTX) loaded in keratin nanoparticles (KER-NPs-PTX). Their activities were tested against human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA MB 231 cell lines in conventional two-dimensional (2D) cultures and in a dynamic three-dimensional (3D) model with perfused bioreactor (p3D). Moreover, KER-NPs-PTX activity was compared to free PTX and to PTX loaded in albumin nanoparticles (HSA-NPs-PTX). Cell viability, induction of apoptosis, and gene expression analysis were used as readouts. RESULTS In 2D cultures, KER-NPs-PTX was able to inhibit tumor cell viability and to induce apoptosis similarly to PTX and HSA-NPs-PTX. In the p3D model, a lower sensitivity of tumor cells to treatments was observed. Importantly, only KER-NPs-PTX was able to induce a statistically significant increase in apoptotic cell percentages following 24 h treatment for MCF-7 (16.7±4.0 early and 11.3±4.9 late apoptotic cells) and 48 h treatment for MDA MB 231 (21.3±11.2 early and 10.5±1.8 late apoptotic cells) cells. These effects were supported, at least for MCF-7 cells, by significant increases in the expression of proapoptotic BAX gene (5.8±0.5) 24 h after treatment and of cleaved caspase 3 (CC3) protein. CONCLUSION KER-NPs-PTX, generated by a simple procedure, is characterized by high water solubility and enhanced PTX-loading ability, as compared to HSA-NPs-PTX. Most importantly, it appears to be able to exert effective anticancer activities on breast cancer cells cultured in 2D or in p3D models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Foglietta
- Department of Drug Science & Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giulio C Spagnoli
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, Rome, Italy,
| | - Manuele Giuseppe Muraro
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,
| | - Marco Ballestri
- Institute for Organic Synthesis & Photoreactivity, National Research Council, Bologna, Italy,
| | - Andrea Guerrini
- Institute for Organic Synthesis & Photoreactivity, National Research Council, Bologna, Italy,
| | - Claudia Ferroni
- Institute for Organic Synthesis & Photoreactivity, National Research Council, Bologna, Italy,
| | - Annalisa Aluigi
- Institute for Organic Synthesis & Photoreactivity, National Research Council, Bologna, Italy,
| | - Giovanna Sotgiu
- Institute for Organic Synthesis & Photoreactivity, National Research Council, Bologna, Italy,
| | - Greta Varchi
- Institute for Organic Synthesis & Photoreactivity, National Research Council, Bologna, Italy,
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Moore N, Doty D, Zielstorff M, Kariv I, Moy LY, Gimbel A, Chevillet JR, Lowry N, Santos J, Mott V, Kratchman L, Lau T, Addona G, Chen H, Borenstein JT. A multiplexed microfluidic system for evaluation of dynamics of immune-tumor interactions. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1844-1858. [PMID: 29796561 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00256h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Recapitulation of the tumor microenvironment is critical for probing mechanisms involved in cancer, and for evaluating the tumor-killing potential of chemotherapeutic agents, targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Microfluidic devices have emerged as valuable tools for both mechanistic studies and for preclinical evaluation of therapeutic agents, due to their ability to precisely control drug concentrations and gradients of oxygen and other species in a scalable and potentially high throughput manner. Most existing in vitro microfluidic cancer models are comprised of cultured cancer cells embedded in a physiologically relevant matrix, collocated with vascular-like structures. However, the recent emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) as a powerful therapeutic modality against many cancers has created a need for preclinical in vitro models that accommodate interactions between tumors and immune cells, particularly for assessment of unprocessed tumor fragments harvested directly from patient biopsies. Here we report on a microfluidic model, termed EVIDENT (ex vivo immuno-oncology dynamic environment for tumor biopsies), that accommodates up to 12 separate tumor biopsy fragments interacting with flowing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in a dynamic microenvironment. Flow control is achieved with a single pump in a simple and scalable configuration, and the entire system is constructed using low-sorption materials, addressing two principal concerns with existing microfluidic cancer models. The system sustains tumor fragments for multiple days, and permits real-time, high-resolution imaging of the interaction between autologous TILs and tumor fragments, enabling mapping of TIL-mediated tumor killing and testing of various ICI treatments versus tumor response. Custom image analytic algorithms based on machine learning reported here provide automated and quantitative assessment of experimental results. Initial studies indicate that the system is capable of quantifying temporal levels of TIL infiltration and tumor death, and that the EVIDENT model mimics the known in vivo tumor response to anti-PD-1 ICI treatment of flowing TILs relative to isotype control treatments for syngeneic mouse MC38 tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Moore
- Materials and Microfabrication Directorate, Draper, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Belgodere JA, King CT, Bursavich JB, Burow ME, Martin EC, Jung JP. Engineering Breast Cancer Microenvironments and 3D Bioprinting. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:66. [PMID: 29881724 PMCID: PMC5978274 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a critical cue to direct tumorigenesis and metastasis. Although two-dimensional (2D) culture models have been widely employed to understand breast cancer microenvironments over the past several decades, the 2D models still exhibit limited success. Overwhelming evidence supports that three dimensional (3D), physiologically relevant culture models are required to better understand cancer progression and develop more effective treatment. Such platforms should include cancer-specific architectures, relevant physicochemical signals, stromal-cancer cell interactions, immune components, vascular components, and cell-ECM interactions found in patient tumors. This review briefly summarizes how cancer microenvironments (stromal component, cell-ECM interactions, and molecular modulators) are defined and what emerging technologies (perfusable scaffold, tumor stiffness, supporting cells within tumors and complex patterning) can be utilized to better mimic native-like breast cancer microenvironments. Furthermore, this review emphasizes biophysical properties that differ between primary tumor ECM and tissue sites of metastatic lesions with a focus on matrix modulation of cancer stem cells, providing a rationale for investigation of underexplored ECM proteins that could alter patient prognosis. To engineer breast cancer microenvironments, we categorized technologies into two groups: (1) biochemical factors modulating breast cancer cell-ECM interactions and (2) 3D bioprinting methods and its applications to model breast cancer microenvironments. Biochemical factors include matrix-associated proteins, soluble factors, ECMs, and synthetic biomaterials. For the application of 3D bioprinting, we discuss the transition of 2D patterning to 3D scaffolding with various bioprinting technologies to implement biophysical cues to model breast cancer microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. Belgodere
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Connor T. King
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jacob B. Bursavich
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Matthew E. Burow
- Department of Medicine, Section Hematology/Oncology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Elizabeth C. Martin
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jangwook P. Jung
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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Mikhailova V, Gulaia V, Tiasto V, Rybtsov S, Yatsunskaya M, Kagansky A. Towards an advanced cell-based in vitro glioma model system. AIMS GENETICS 2018; 5:91-112. [PMID: 31435515 PMCID: PMC6698577 DOI: 10.3934/genet.2018.2.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The modulation of tumor growth and development in vitro has always been one of the key factors in the research of the malignant transformation, including gliomas, prevalent and most deadly cancers of the brain. Indeed, cellular and molecular biology research employing in vitro model cell-based systems have great potential to advance both the mechanistic understanding and the treatment of human glial tumors, as it facilitates not only the understanding of glioma biology and its regulatory mechanisms Additionally they promise to afford the screening of the putative anti-tumor agents and alternative treatment approaches in a personalized manner, i.e. by virtue of using the patient-derived tumor material for such tests. However, in order to become reliable and representative, glioma model systems need to move towards including most inherent cancer features such as local hypoxia, specific genetic aberrations, native tumor microenvironment, and the three-dimensional extracellular matrix. This review starts with a brief introduction on the general epidemiological and molecular characteristics of gliomas followed by an overview of the cell-based in vitro models currently used in glioma research. As a conclusion, we suggest approaches to move to innovative cell-based in vitro glioma models. We consider that main criteria for selecting these approaches should include the adequate resemblance to the key in vivo characteristics, robustness, cost-effectiveness and ease to use, as well as the amenability to high throughput handling to allow the standardized drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriia Mikhailova
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Valeriia Gulaia
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Vladlena Tiasto
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Stanislav Rybtsov
- Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine of the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Margarita Yatsunskaya
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity FEB RAS 159, Stoletij Vladivostoku Avenue, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Kagansky
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
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Mazzarella L, Curigliano G. A new approach to assess drug sensitivity in cells for novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 13:339-346. [PMID: 29415581 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1437136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a pressing need to improve strategies to select candidate drugs early on in the drug development pipeline, especially in oncology, as the efficiency of new drug approval has steadily declined these past years. Traditional methods of drug screening have relied on low-cost assays on cancer cell lines growing on plastic dishes. Recent massive-scale screens have generated big data amenable for sophisticated computational modeling and integration with clinical data. However, 2D culturing has several intrinsic limitations and novel methodologies have been devised for culturing in three dimensions, to include cells from the tumor immune microenvironment. These major improvements are bringing in vitro systems even closer to a physiological, more clinically relevant state. Areas covered: In this article, the authors review the literature on methodologies for early-phase drug screening, focusing on in vitro systems and analyzing both novel experimental and statistical approaches. The article does not cover the expanding literature on in vivo systems. Expert opinion: The popularity of three-dimensional systems is exploding, driven by the development of 'organoid' derivation technology in 2009. These assays are growing in sophistication to accommodate the increasing need by modern oncology to develop drugs that target the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mazzarella
- a Division of Early Drug Development , European Institute of Oncology , Milano , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- a Division of Early Drug Development , European Institute of Oncology , Milano , Italy.,b Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology , University of Milano , Milano , Italy
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Aboulkheyr Es H, Montazeri L, Aref AR, Vosough M, Baharvand H. Personalized Cancer Medicine: An Organoid Approach. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 36:358-371. [PMID: 29366522 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Personalized cancer therapy applies specific treatments to each patient. Using personalized tumor models with similar characteristics to the original tumors may result in more accurate predictions of drug responses in patients. Tumor organoid models have several advantages over pre-existing models, including conserving the molecular and cellular composition of the original tumor. These advantages highlight the tremendous potential of tumor organoids in personalized cancer therapy, particularly preclinical drug screening and predicting patient responses to selected treatment regimens. Here, we highlight the advantages, challenges, and translational potential of tumor organoids in personalized cancer therapy and focus on gene-drug associations, drug response prediction, and treatment selection. Finally, we discuss how microfluidic technology can contribute to immunotherapy drug screening in tumor organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Aboulkheyr Es
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Montazeri
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
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Morfouace M, Hewitt SM, Salgado R, Hartmann K, Litiere S, Tejpar S, Golfinopoulos V, Lively T, Thurin M, Conley B, Lacombe D. A transatlantic perspective on the integration of immuno-oncology prognostic and predictive biomarkers in innovative clinical trial design. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 52:158-165. [PMID: 29307568 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immuno-therapeutics aim to activate the body's own immune system against cancer and are one of the most promising cancer treatment strategies, but currently limited by a variable response rate. Biomarkers may help to distinguish those patients most likely to respond to therapy; they may also help guide clinical decision making for combination therapies, dosing schedules, and determining progression versus relapse. However, there is a need to confirm such biomarkers in preferably prospective clinical trials before they can be used in practice. Accordingly, it is essential that clinical trials for immuno-therapeutics incorporate biomarkers. Here, focusing on the specific setting of immune therapies, we discuss both the scientific and logistical hurdles to identifying potential biomarkers and testing them in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S M Hewitt
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda MD, USA
| | - R Salgado
- EORTC Pathobiology Group, Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium; Translational Breast Cancer Genomic and Therapeutics Laboratory, Peter Mac Callum Cancer Center, Victoria, Australia, Australia; Department of Pathology, GZA, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - S Litiere
- EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Tejpar
- Molecular Digestive Oncology Unit, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - T Lively
- Cancer Diagnosis Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS,9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - M Thurin
- Cancer Diagnosis Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS,9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - B Conley
- Cancer Diagnosis Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS,9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - D Lacombe
- EORTC Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
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Jenkins RW, Barbie DA, Flaherty KT. Mechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:9-16. [PMID: 29319049 PMCID: PMC5765236 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 878] [Impact Index Per Article: 146.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) targeting CTLA-4 and the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have shown unprecedented clinical activity in several types of cancer and are rapidly transforming the practice of medical oncology. Whereas cytotoxic chemotherapy and small molecule inhibitors (‘targeted therapies’) largely act on cancer cells directly, immune checkpoint inhibitors reinvigorate anti-tumour immune responses by disrupting co-inhibitory T-cell signalling. While resistance routinely develops in patients treated with conventional cancer therapies and targeted therapies, durable responses suggestive of long-lasting immunologic memory are commonly seen in large subsets of patients treated with ICI. However, initial response appears to be a binary event, with most non-responders to single-agent ICI therapy progressing at a rate consistent with the natural history of disease. In addition, late relapses are now emerging with longer follow-up of clinical trial populations, suggesting the emergence of acquired resistance. As robust biomarkers to predict clinical response and/or resistance remain elusive, the mechanisms underlying innate (primary) and acquired (secondary) resistance are largely inferred from pre-clinical studies and correlative clinical data. Improved understanding of molecular and immunologic mechanisms of ICI response (and resistance) may not only identify novel predictive and/or prognostic biomarkers, but also ultimately guide optimal combination/sequencing of ICI therapy in the clinic. Here we review the emerging clinical and pre-clinical data identifying novel mechanisms of innate and acquired resistance to immune checkpoint inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell W Jenkins
- Division of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - David A Barbie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Keith T Flaherty
- Division of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Jenkins RW, Aref AR, Lizotte PH, Ivanova E, Stinson S, Zhou CW, Bowden M, Deng J, Liu H, Miao D, He MX, Walker W, Zhang G, Tian T, Cheng C, Wei Z, Palakurthi S, Bittinger M, Vitzthum H, Kim JW, Merlino A, Quinn M, Venkataramani C, Kaplan JA, Portell A, Gokhale PC, Phillips B, Smart A, Rotem A, Jones RE, Keogh L, Anguiano M, Stapleton L, Jia Z, Barzily-Rokni M, Cañadas I, Thai TC, Hammond MR, Vlahos R, Wang ES, Zhang H, Li S, Hanna GJ, Huang W, Hoang MP, Piris A, Eliane JP, Stemmer-Rachamimov AO, Cameron L, Su MJ, Shah P, Izar B, Thakuria M, LeBoeuf NR, Rabinowits G, Gunda V, Parangi S, Cleary JM, Miller BC, Kitajima S, Thummalapalli R, Miao B, Barbie TU, Sivathanu V, Wong J, Richards WG, Bueno R, Yoon CH, Miret J, Herlyn M, Garraway LA, Van Allen EM, Freeman GJ, Kirschmeier PT, Lorch JH, Ott PA, Hodi FS, Flaherty KT, Kamm RD, Boland GM, Wong KK, Dornan D, Paweletz CP, Barbie DA. Ex Vivo Profiling of PD-1 Blockade Using Organotypic Tumor Spheroids. Cancer Discov 2017; 8:196-215. [PMID: 29101162 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ex vivo systems that incorporate features of the tumor microenvironment and model the dynamic response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) may facilitate efforts in precision immuno-oncology and the development of effective combination therapies. Here, we demonstrate the ability to interrogate ex vivo response to ICB using murine- and patient-derived organotypic tumor spheroids (MDOTS/PDOTS). MDOTS/PDOTS isolated from mouse and human tumors retain autologous lymphoid and myeloid cell populations and respond to ICB in short-term three-dimensional microfluidic culture. Response and resistance to ICB was recapitulated using MDOTS derived from established immunocompetent mouse tumor models. MDOTS profiling demonstrated that TBK1/IKKε inhibition enhanced response to PD-1 blockade, which effectively predicted tumor response in vivo Systematic profiling of secreted cytokines in PDOTS captured key features associated with response and resistance to PD-1 blockade. Thus, MDOTS/PDOTS profiling represents a novel platform to evaluate ICB using established murine models as well as clinically relevant patient specimens.Significance: Resistance to PD-1 blockade remains a challenge for many patients, and biomarkers to guide treatment are lacking. Here, we demonstrate feasibility of ex vivo profiling of PD-1 blockade to interrogate the tumor immune microenvironment, develop therapeutic combinations, and facilitate precision immuno-oncology efforts. Cancer Discov; 8(2); 196-215. ©2017 AACR.See related commentary by Balko and Sosman, p. 143See related article by Deng et al., p. 216This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 127.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell W Jenkins
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amir R Aref
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick H Lizotte
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elena Ivanova
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Chensheng W Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michaela Bowden
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jiehui Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hongye Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Diana Miao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Meng Xiao He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard Graduate Program in Biophysics, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William Walker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gao Zhang
- Melanoma Research Center and Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Chaoran Cheng
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Zhi Wei
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Sangeetha Palakurthi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark Bittinger
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hans Vitzthum
- Division of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jong Wook Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ashley Merlino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Max Quinn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Andrew Portell
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Prafulla C Gokhale
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Alicia Smart
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Asaf Rotem
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert E Jones
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lauren Keogh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria Anguiano
- Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | - Michal Barzily-Rokni
- Division of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Israel Cañadas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tran C Thai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marc R Hammond
- Division of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raven Vlahos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric S Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Glenn J Hanna
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mai P Hoang
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adriano Piris
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jean-Pierre Eliane
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anat O Stemmer-Rachamimov
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa Cameron
- Confocal and Light Microscopy Core Facility, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mei-Ju Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Parin Shah
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Benjamin Izar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Manisha Thakuria
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicole R LeBoeuf
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Guilherme Rabinowits
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Viswanath Gunda
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sareh Parangi
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James M Cleary
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian C Miller
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shunsuke Kitajima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rohit Thummalapalli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Benchun Miao
- Division of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thanh U Barbie
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vivek Sivathanu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Joshua Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William G Richards
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raphael Bueno
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles H Yoon
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Juan Miret
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Meenhard Herlyn
- Melanoma Research Center and Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Levi A Garraway
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eliezer M Van Allen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Gordon J Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul T Kirschmeier
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jochen H Lorch
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick A Ott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - F Stephen Hodi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keith T Flaherty
- Division of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Genevieve M Boland
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Cloud Peter Paweletz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David A Barbie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Abdeen AA, Saha K. Manufacturing Cell Therapies Using Engineered Biomaterials. Trends Biotechnol 2017; 35:971-982. [PMID: 28711155 PMCID: PMC5621598 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Emerging manufacturing processes to generate regenerative advanced therapies can involve extensive genomic and/or epigenomic manipulation of autologous or allogeneic cells. These cell engineering processes need to be carefully controlled and standardized to maximize safety and efficacy in clinical trials. Engineered biomaterials with smart and tunable properties offer an intriguing tool to provide or deliver cues to retain stemness, direct differentiation, promote reprogramming, manipulate the genome, or select functional phenotypes. This review discusses the use of engineered biomaterials to control human cell manufacturing. Future work exploiting engineered biomaterials has the potential to generate manufacturing processes that produce standardized cells with well-defined critical quality attributes appropriate for clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr A Abdeen
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Krishanu Saha
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medical History and Bioethics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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47
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Workshop on challenges, insights, and future directions for mouse and humanized models in cancer immunology and immunotherapy: a report from the associated programs of the 2016 annual meeting for the Society for Immunotherapy of cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2017; 5:77. [PMID: 28923102 PMCID: PMC5604351 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-017-0278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how murine models can elucidate the mechanisms underlying antitumor immune responses and advance immune-based drug development is essential to advancing the field of cancer immunotherapy. The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) convened a workshop titled, “Challenges, Insights, and Future Directions for Mouse and Humanized Models in Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy” as part of the SITC 31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs on November 10, 2016 in National Harbor, MD. The workshop focused on key issues in optimizing models for cancer immunotherapy research, with discussions on the strengths and weaknesses of current models, approaches to improve the predictive value of mouse models, and advances in cancer modeling that are anticipated in the near future. This full-day program provided an introduction to the most common immunocompetent and humanized models used in cancer immunology and immunotherapy research, and addressed the use of models to evaluate immune-targeting therapies. Here, we summarize the workshop presentations and subsequent panel discussion.
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48
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Development of a 3D angiogenesis model to study tumour - endothelial cell interactions and the effects of anti-angiogenic drugs. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2963. [PMID: 28592821 PMCID: PMC5462801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment and tumour angiogenesis play a critical role in the development and therapy of many cancers, but in vitro models reflecting these circumstances are rare. In this study, we describe the development of a novel tri-culture model, using non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines (A549 and Colo699) in combination with a fibroblast cell line (SV 80) and two different endothelial cell lines in a hanging drop technology. Endothelial cells aggregated either in small colonies in Colo699 containing microtissues or in tube like structures mainly in the stromal compartment of microtissues containing A549. An up-regulation of hypoxia and vimentin, ASMA and a downregulation of E-cadherin were observed in co- and tri-cultures compared to monocultures. Furthermore, a morphological alteration of A549 tumour cells resembling "signet ring cells" was observed in tri-cultures. The secretion of proangiogenic growth factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was measured in supernatants. Inhibition of these proangiogenic factors by using antiangiogenic drugs (bevacizumab and nindetanib) led to a significant decrease in migration of endothelial cells into microtissues. We demonstrate that our method is a promising tool for the generation of multicellular tumour microtissues and reflects in vivo conditions closer than 2D cell culture.
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49
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Muraro MG, Muenst S, Mele V, Quagliata L, Iezzi G, Tzankov A, Weber WP, Spagnoli GC, Soysal SD. Ex-vivo assessment of drug response on breast cancer primary tissue with preserved microenvironments. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1331798. [PMID: 28811974 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1331798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction between cancerous, non-transformed cells, and non-cellular components within the tumor microenvironment plays a key role in response to treatment. However, short-term culture or xenotransplantation of cancer specimens in immunodeficient animals results in dramatic modifications of the tumor microenvironment, thus preventing reliable assessment of compounds or biologicals of potential therapeutic relevance. We used a perfusion-based bioreactor developed for tissue engineering purposes to successfully maintain the tumor microenvironment of freshly excised breast cancer tissue obtained from 27 breast cancer patients and used this platform to test the therapeutic effect of antiestrogens as well as checkpoint-inhibitors on the cancer cells. Viability and functions of tumor and immune cells could be maintained for over 2 weeks in perfused bioreactors. Next generation sequencing authenticated cultured tissue specimens as closely matching the original clinical samples. Anti-estrogen treatment of cultured estrogen receptor positive breast cancer tissue as well as administration of pertuzumab to a Her2 positive breast cancer both had an anti-proliferative effect. Treatment with anti-programmed-death-Ligand (PD-L)-1 and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein (CTLA)-4 antibodies lead to immune activation, evidenced by increased lymphocyte proliferation, increased expression of IFNγ, and decreased expression of IL10, accompanied by a massive cancer cell death in ex vivo triple negative breast cancer specimens. In the era of personalized medicine, the ex vivo culture of breast cancer tissue represents a promising approach for the pre-clinical evaluation of conventional and immune-mediated treatments and provides a platform for testing of innovative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuele G Muraro
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simone Muenst
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Mele
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luca Quagliata
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giandomenica Iezzi
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Walter P Weber
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giulio C Spagnoli
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Savas D Soysal
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Narkhede AA, Shevde LA, Rao SS. Biomimetic strategies to recapitulate organ specific microenvironments for studying breast cancer metastasis. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:1091-1109. [PMID: 28439901 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The progression of breast cancer from the primary tumor setting to the metastatic setting is the critical event defining Stage IV disease, no longer considered curable. The microenvironment at specific organ sites is known to play a key role in influencing the ultimate fate of metastatic cells; yet microenvironmental mediated-molecular mechanisms underlying organ specific metastasis in breast cancer are not well understood. This review discusses biomimetic strategies employed to recapitulate metastatic organ microenvironments, particularly, bone, liver, lung and brain to elucidate the mechanisms dictating metastatic breast cancer cell homing and colonization. These biomimetic strategies include in vitro techniques such as biomaterial-based co-culturing techniques, microfluidics, organ-mimetic chips, bioreactor technologies, and decellularized matrices as well as cutting edge in vivo techniques to better understand the interactions between metastatic breast cancer cells and the stroma at the metastatic site. The advantages and disadvantages of these systems are discussed. In addition, how creation of biomimetic models will impact breast cancer metastasis research and their broad utility is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay A Narkhede
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL
| | - Lalita A Shevde
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Shreyas S Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL
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