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Lubken RM, Lin YT, Haenen SRR, Bergkamp MH, Yan J, Nommensen PA, Prins MWJ. Continuous Biosensor Based on Particle Motion: How Does the Concentration Measurement Precision Depend on Time Scale? ACS Sens 2024; 9:4924-4933. [PMID: 39166946 PMCID: PMC11443519 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c01586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Continuous biosensors measure concentration-time profiles of biomolecular substances in order to allow for comparisons of measurement data over long periods of time. To make meaningful comparisons of time-dependent data, it is essential to understand how measurement imprecision depends on the time interval between two evaluation points, as the applicable imprecision determines the significance of measured concentration differences. Here, we define a set of measurement imprecisions that relate to different sources of variation and different time scales, ranging from minutes to weeks, and study these using statistical analyses of measurement data. The methodology is exemplified for Biosensing by Particle Motion (BPM), a continuous, affinity-based sensing technology with single-particle and single-molecule resolution. The studied BPM sensor measures specific small molecules (glycoalkaloids) in an industrial food matrix (potato fruit juice). Measurements were performed over several months at two different locations, on nearly 50 sensor cartridges with in total more than 1000 fluid injections. Statistical analyses of the measured signals and concentrations show that the relative residuals are normally distributed, allowing extraction and comparisons of the proposed imprecision parameters. The results indicate that sensor noise is the most important source of variation followed by sample pretreatment. Variations caused by fluidic transport, changes of the sensor during use (drift), and variations due to different sensor cartridges and cartridge replacements appear to be small. The imprecision due to sensor noise is recorded over few-minute time scales and is attributed to stochastic fluctuations of the single-molecule measurement principle, false-positive signals in the signal processing, and nonspecific interactions. The developed methodology elucidates both time-dependent and time-independent factors in the measurement imprecision, providing essential knowledge for interpreting concentration-time profiles as well as for further development of continuous biosensing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu-Ting Lin
- Helia Biomonitoring, Eindhoven 5612 AR, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Junhong Yan
- Helia Biomonitoring, Eindhoven 5612 AR, The Netherlands
| | | | - Menno W J Prins
- Helia Biomonitoring, Eindhoven 5612 AR, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
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2
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Sciurti E, Signore MA, Velardi L, Di Corato R, Blasi L, Campa A, Martucci MC, Siciliano PA, Francioso L. Label-free electrochemical biosensor for direct detection of Oncostatin M (OSM) inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) biomarker in human serum. Talanta 2024; 271:125726. [PMID: 38316076 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) is an interleukin-6 (IL-6) member family cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). OSM is a novel diagnostic biomarker over-expressed in the serum of IBD patients. This paper reports on the first electrochemical OSM immunosensor, developed using a multistep fabrication process aimed at covalently immobilizing OSM antibodies on a mixed self-assembled monolayer coated gold working electrode. Cyclic voltammetry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), IR spectroscopy and optical characterizations were used to validate the sensor functionalization protocol. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were performed to assess the reliability of the immunosensor preparation and to verify the antibody-antigen complexes formation. The label-free immunosensor showed high sensitivity identifying OSM at clinically relevant concentrations (37-1000 pg mL-1) with low detection limit of 2.86 pg mL-1. Both sensitivity and selectivity of the proposed immunosensor were also demonstrated in human serum in the presence of interfering biomarkers, making it an innovative potential platform for the OSM biomarker detection in IBD patients' serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sciurti
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems - National Research Council (IMM - CNR), Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - M A Signore
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems - National Research Council (IMM - CNR), Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - L Velardi
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems - National Research Council (IMM - CNR), Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - R Di Corato
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems - National Research Council (IMM - CNR), Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - L Blasi
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems - National Research Council (IMM - CNR), Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - A Campa
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems - National Research Council (IMM - CNR), Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - M C Martucci
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems - National Research Council (IMM - CNR), Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - P A Siciliano
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems - National Research Council (IMM - CNR), Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - L Francioso
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems - National Research Council (IMM - CNR), Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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3
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Kaur G, Tintelott M, Suranglikar M, Masurier A, Vu XT, Gines G, Rondelez Y, Ingebrandt S, Coffinier Y, Pachauri V, Vlandas A. Time-encoded electrical detection of trace RNA biomarker by integrating programmable molecular amplifier on chip. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 257:116311. [PMID: 38677018 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
One of the serious challenges facing modern point-of-care (PoC) molecular diagnostic platforms relate to reliable detection of low concentration biomarkers such as nucleic acids or proteins in biological samples. Non-specific analyte-receptor interactions due to competitive binding in the presence of abundant molecules, inefficient mass transport and very low number of analyte molecules in sample volume, in general pose critical hurdles for successful implementation of such PoC platforms for clinical use. Focusing on these specific challenges, this work reports a unique PoC biosensor that combines the advantages of nanoscale biologically-sensitive field-effect transistor arrays (BioFET-arrays) realized in a wafer-scale top-down nanofabrication as high sensitivity electrical transducers with that of sophisticated molecular programs (MPs) customized for selective recognition of analyte miRNAs and amplification resulting in an overall augmentation of signal transduction strategy. The MPs realize a programmable universal molecular amplifier (PUMA) in fluidic matrix on chip and provide a biomarker-triggered exponential release of small nucleic acid sequences easily detected by receptor-modified BioFETs. A common miRNA biomarker LET7a was selected for successful demonstration of this novel biosensor, achieving limit of detection (LoD) down to 10 fM and wide dynamic ranges (10 pM-10 nM) in complex physiological solutions. As the determination of biomarker concentration is implemented by following the electrical signal related to analyte-triggered PUMA in time-domain instead of measuring the threshold shifts of BioFETs, and circumvents direct hybridization of biomarkers at transducer surface, this new strategy also allows for multiple usage (>3 times) of the biosensor platform suggesting exceptional cost-effectiveness for practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur
- Institut D'Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) - UMR CNRS 8520, Univ. Lille Avenue Poincaré, BP 60069, Villeneuve D'Ascq, Cedex, 59652, France
| | - Marcel Tintelott
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstrasse 24, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mohit Suranglikar
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstrasse 24, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Antoine Masurier
- Laboratoire Gulliver, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, PSL Research University, and CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Xuan-Thang Vu
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstrasse 24, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Guillaume Gines
- Laboratoire Gulliver, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, PSL Research University, and CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Yannick Rondelez
- Laboratoire Gulliver, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, PSL Research University, and CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Sven Ingebrandt
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstrasse 24, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yannick Coffinier
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstrasse 24, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vivek Pachauri
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstrasse 24, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Alexis Vlandas
- Institut D'Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) - UMR CNRS 8520, Univ. Lille Avenue Poincaré, BP 60069, Villeneuve D'Ascq, Cedex, 59652, France
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4
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Buskermolen AD, Michielsen CMS, de Jong AM, Prins MWJ. Towards continuous monitoring of TNF-α at picomolar concentrations using biosensing by particle motion. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 249:115934. [PMID: 38215637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The ability to continuously monitor cytokines is desirable for fundamental research studies and healthcare applications. Cytokine release is characterized by picomolar circulating concentrations, short half-lives, and rapid peak times. Here, we describe the characteristics and feasibility of a particle-based biosensing technique for continuous monitoring of TNF-α at picomolar concentrations. The technique is based on the optical tracking of particle motion and uses an antibody sandwich configuration. Experimental results show how the analyte concentration influences the particle diffusivity and characteristic response time of the sensor, and how the sensitivity range depends on the antibody functionalization density. Furthermore, the data clarifies how antibodies supplemented in solution can shorten the characteristic response time. Finally, we demonstrate association rate-based sensing as a first step towards continuous monitoring of picomolar TNF-α concentrations, over a period of 2 h with delay times under 15 min. The insights from this research will enable the development of continuous monitoring sensors using high-affinity binders, providing the sensitivity and speed needed in applications like cytokine monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa D Buskermolen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Claire M S Michielsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Arthur M de Jong
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Menno W J Prins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Helia Biomonitoring, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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5
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He J, Wu S, Chen W, Kim A, Yang W, Wang C, Gu Z, Shen J, Dai S, Chen W, Chen P. Calligraphy of Nanoplasmonic Bioink-Based Multiplex Immunosensor for Precision Immune Monitoring and Modulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:50047-50057. [PMID: 37856877 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Immunomodulation therapies have attracted immense interest recently for the treatment of immune-related diseases, such as cancer and viral infections. This new wave of enthusiasm for immunomodulators, predominantly revolving around cytokines, has spurred emerging needs and opportunities for novel immune monitoring and diagnostic tools. Considering the highly dynamic immune status and limited window for therapeutic intervention, precise real-time detection of cytokines is critical to effectively monitor and manage the immune system and optimize the therapeutic outcome. The clinical success of such a rapid, sensitive, multiplex immunoanalytical platform further requires the system to have ease of integration and fabrication for sample sparing and large-scale production toward massive parallel analysis. In this article, we developed a nanoplasmonic bioink-based, label-free, multiplex immunosensor that can be readily "written" onto a glass substrate via one-step calligraphy patterning. This facile nanolithography technique allows programmable patterning of a minimum of 3 μL of nanoplasmonic bioink in 1 min and thus enables fabrication of a nanoplasmonic microarray immunosensor with 2 h simple incubation. The developed immunosensor was successfully applied for real-time, parallel detection of multiple cytokines (e.g., interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)) in immunomodulated macrophage samples. This integrated platform synergistically incorporates the concepts of nanosynthesis, nanofabrication, and nanobiosensing, showing great potential in the scalable production of label-free multiplex immunosensing devices with superior analytical performance for clinical applications in immunodiagnostics and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng He
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Siqi Wu
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Wu Chen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Albert Kim
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
- Center for Medicine, Health, and Society, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Wen Yang
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Chuanyu Wang
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Zhengyang Gu
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Jialiang Shen
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Siyuan Dai
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, New York, New York 11201, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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6
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Kellermann L, Gupta R. Photoactive hydrogels for pre-concentration, labelling, and controlled release of proteins. Analyst 2023; 148:4127-4137. [PMID: 37493470 PMCID: PMC10440800 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00811h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel hydrogel for pre-concentration, fluorescent labelling, and light-triggered release of proteins for detection of low abundance biomarkers. The hydrogel was a co-polymer of acrylamide/bisacrylamide and methacrylamide attached to fluorescein isothiocyanate via a light cleavable bond and a poly(ethylene glycol) spacer arm of molecular weight of 3400 g mol-1. Unlike previous work, proteins were captured by an irreversible chemical reaction rather than by non-covalent affinity binding or physical entrapment. Because the protein-reactive group was attached to fluorescein, which in turn was coupled to the hydrogel by a photocleavable bond, on release the protein was labelled with fluorescein. Our hydrogel offered a pre-concentration factor of up to 236 for a model protein, streptavidin. Each protein molecule was labelled with 85 fluorescein molecules, and 50% of the proteins in the hydrogel were released after UV exposure for ∼100 s. The proteins released from the hydrogel were captured in biotinylated microtitre plates and detected by fluorescence, allowing measurement of at least 0.01 ppm (or ∼166 pM) of protein in sample solutions. The reported hydrogel is promising for detection of low abundance proteins while being less laborious than enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and less affected by changes in environmental conditions than label-free biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Kellermann
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Ruchi Gupta
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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7
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Ma B, Liu X, Zhang Z, Ma C, Chand R, Patwardhan S, Wang C, Thamphiwatana SD, Chen P, Chen W. A digital nanoplasmonic microarray immunosensor for multiplexed cytokine monitoring during CAR T-cell therapy from a leukemia tumor microenvironment model. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 230:115247. [PMID: 37023552 PMCID: PMC10103176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
The release of cytokines by chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells and tumor resident immune cells defines a significant part of CAR T-cell functional activity and patient immune responses during CAR T-cell therapy. However, few studies have so far precisely characterized the cytokine secretion dynamics in the tumor niche during CAR T-cell therapy, which requires multiplexed, and timely biosensing platforms and integration with biomimetic tumor microenvironment. Herein, we implemented a digital nanoplasmonic microarray immunosensor with a microfluidic biomimetic Leukemia-on-a-Chip model to monitor cytokine secretion dynamics during CD19 CAR T-cell therapy against precursor B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (B-ALL). The integrated nanoplasmonic biosensors achieved precise multiplexed cytokine measurements with low operating sample volume, short assay time, heightened sensitivity, and negligible sensor crosstalk. Using the digital nanoplasmonic biosensing approach, we measured the concentrations of six cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, MCP-1, GM-CSF, IL-1β, and IL-6) during first 5 days of CAR T-cell treatment in the microfluidic Leukemia-on-a-Chip model. Our results revealed a heterogeneous secretion profile of various cytokines during CAR T-cell therapy and confirmed a correlation between the cytokine secretion profile and the CAR T-cell cytotoxic activity. The capability to monitor immune cell cytokine secretion dynamics in a biomimetic tumor microenvironment could further help in study of cytokine release syndrome during CAR T-cell therapy and in development of more efficient and safer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benteng Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Xinya Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Zhuoyu Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Rashik Chand
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saee Patwardhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Chuanyu Wang
- Department of Material Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Soracha D Thamphiwatana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakorn Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Department of Material Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA; Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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8
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Jamaludeen N, Lehmann J, Beyer C, Vogel K, Pierau M, Brunner-Weinzierl M, Spiliopoulou M. Assessment of Immune Status Using Inexpensive Cytokines: A Literature Review and Learning Approaches. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9785. [PMID: 36560154 PMCID: PMC9786078 DOI: 10.3390/s22249785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of point-of-care (POC) testing has lately been promoted to deliver rapid, reliable medical tests in critical life-threatening situations, especially in resource-limited settings. Recently, POC tests have witnessed further advances due to the technological revolution in smartphones. Smartphones are integrated as reliable readers to the POC results to improve their quantitative detection. This has enabled the use of more complex medical tests by the patient him/herself at home without the need for professional staff and sophisticated equipment. Cytokines, the important immune system biomarkers, are still measured today using the time-consuming Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), which can only be performed in specially equipped laboratories. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the current development of POC technologies suitable for the home testing of cytokines by conducting a PRISMA literature review. Then, we classify the collected technologies as inexpensive and expensive depending on whether the cytokines can be measured easily at home or not. Additionally, we propose a machine learning-based solution to even increase the efficiency of the cytokine measurement by leveraging the cytokines that can be inexpensively measured to predict the values of the expensive ones. In total, we identify 12 POCs for cytokine quantification. We find that Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), Interleukin 3 (IL-3), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Interleukin 8 (IL-8) and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) can be measured with inexpensive POC technology, namely at home. We build machine-learning models to predict the values of other expensive cytokines such as Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IL-10, IL-2, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-4 and IL-5 by relying on the identified inexpensive ones in addition to the age of the individual. We evaluate to what extent the built machine learning models can use the inexpensive cytokines to predict the expensive ones on 351 healthy subjects from the public dataset 10k Immunomes. The models for IFN-γ show high results for the coefficient of determination: R2 = 0.743. The results for IL-5 and IL-4 are also promising, whereas the predictive model of IL-10 achieves only R2 = 0.126. Lastly, the results demonstrate the vital role of TNF and IL-6 in the immune system due to its high importance in the predictions of all the other expensive cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Jamaludeen
- Knowledge Management & Discovery Lab, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Lehmann
- Knowledge Management & Discovery Lab, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian Beyer
- Knowledge Management & Discovery Lab, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Vogel
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mandy Pierau
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Monika Brunner-Weinzierl
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Myra Spiliopoulou
- Knowledge Management & Discovery Lab, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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9
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He J, Zhou L, Huang G, Shen J, Chen W, Wang C, Kim A, Zhang Z, Cheng W, Dai S, Ding F, Chen P. Enhanced Label-Free Nanoplasmonic Cytokine Detection in SARS-CoV-2 Induced Inflammation Using Rationally Designed Peptide Aptamer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:48464-48475. [PMID: 36281943 PMCID: PMC9627400 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and precise serum cytokine quantification provides immense clinical significance in monitoring the immune status of patients in rapidly evolving infectious/inflammatory disorders, examplified by the ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. However, real-time information on predictive cytokine biomarkers to guide targetable immune pathways in pathogenic inflammation is critically lacking, because of the insufficient detection range and detection limit in current label-free cytokine immunoassays. In this work, we report a highly sensitive localized surface plasmon resonance imaging (LSPRi) immunoassay for label-free Interleukin 6 (IL-6) detection utilizing rationally designed peptide aptamers as the capture interface. Benefiting from its characteristically smaller dimension and direct functionalization on the sensing surface via Au-S bonding, the peptide-aptamer-based LSPRi immunoassay achieved enhanced label-free serum IL-6 detection with a record-breaking limit of detection down to 4.6 pg/mL, and a wide dynamic range of ∼6 orders of magnitude (values from 4.6 to 1 × 106 pg/mL were observed). The immunoassay was validated in vitro for label-free analysis of SARS-CoV-2 induced inflammation, and further applied in rapid quantification of serum IL-6 profiles in COVID-19 patients. Our peptide aptamer LSPRi immunoassay demonstrates great potency in label-free cytokine detection with unprecedented sensing capability to provide accurate and timely interpretation of the inflammatory status and disease progression, and determination of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng He
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama36849, United States
| | - Lang Zhou
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama36849, United States
| | - Gangtong Huang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina29634, United States
| | - Jialiang Shen
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama36849, United States
| | - Wu Chen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama36849, United States
| | - Chuanyu Wang
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama36849, United States
| | - Albert Kim
- Center for Medicine, Health, and Society, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee37235, United States
| | - Zhuoyu Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York11201, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York11201, United States
| | - Weiqiang Cheng
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York11201, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York11201, United States
| | - Siyuan Dai
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama36849, United States
| | - Feng Ding
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina29634, United States
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama36849, United States
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10
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Buskermolen AD, Lin YT, van Smeden L, van Haaften RB, Yan J, Sergelen K, de Jong AM, Prins MWJ. Continuous biomarker monitoring with single molecule resolution by measuring free particle motion. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6052. [PMID: 36229441 PMCID: PMC9561105 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need for sensing technologies that can continuously monitor concentration levels of critical biomolecules in applications such as patient care, fundamental biological research, biotechnology and food industry, as well as the environment. However, it is fundamentally difficult to develop measurement technologies that are not only sensitive and specific, but also allow monitoring over a broad concentration range and over long timespans. Here we describe a continuous biomolecular sensing methodology based on the free diffusion of biofunctionalized particles hovering over a sensor surface. The method records digital events due to single-molecule interactions and enables biomarker monitoring at picomolar to micromolar concentrations without consuming any reagents. We demonstrate the affinity-based sensing methodology for DNA-based sandwich and competition assays, and for an antibody-based cortisol assay. Additionally, the sensor can be dried, facilitating storage over weeks while maintaining its sensitivity. We foresee that this will enable the development of continuous monitoring sensors for applications in fundamental research, for studies on organs on a chip, for the monitoring of patients in critical care, and for the monitoring of industrial processes and bioreactors as well as ecological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa D. Buskermolen
- grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands ,grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Yu-Ting Lin
- grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands ,grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Laura van Smeden
- grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands ,grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Rik B. van Haaften
- grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Junhong Yan
- Helia Biomonitoring, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Khulan Sergelen
- grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands ,grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Arthur M. de Jong
- grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands ,grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Menno W. J. Prins
- grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands ,grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands ,grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands ,Helia Biomonitoring, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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11
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Yerrapragada R M, Mampallil D. Interferon-γ detection in point of care diagnostics: Short review. Talanta 2022; 245:123428. [PMID: 35427946 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-γ is a cytokine secreted by immune cells. The elevated levels of IFN-γ are an early indicator of multiple diseases such as tuberculosis and autoimmune diseases. This short review focuses on different sensing methods based on optical, electrochemical, and mechanical principles. We explain how specific biorecognition molecules such as antibodies and aptamers are employed in the sensing methods. We also compare different surface functionalization methods and their details. Although the review gives an overview of only IFN-γ sensing, the same strategies can be applied to sensing other analytes with appropriate modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjoosha Yerrapragada R
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Mangalam P O, Tirupati, 517507, India.
| | - Dileep Mampallil
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Mangalam P O, Tirupati, 517507, India.
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12
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Lubken RM, de Jong AM, Prins MWJ. Real-Time Monitoring of Biomolecules: Dynamic Response Limits of Affinity-Based Sensors. ACS Sens 2022; 7:286-295. [PMID: 34978190 PMCID: PMC8805115 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Sensors for monitoring
biomolecular dynamics in biological systems
and biotechnological processes in real time, need to accurately and
precisely reconstruct concentration–time profiles. This requirement
becomes challenging when transport processes and biochemical kinetics
are important, as is typically the case for biomarkers at low concentrations.
Here, we present a comprehensive methodology to study the concentration–time
profiles generated by affinity-based sensors that continuously interact
with a biological system of interest. Simulations are performed for
sensors with diffusion-based sampling (e.g., a sensor
patch on the skin) and advection-based sampling (e.g., a sensor connected to a catheter). The simulations clarify how
transport processes and molecular binding kinetics result in concentration
gradients and time delays in the sensor system. Using these simulations,
measured and true concentration–time profiles of insulin were
compared as a function of sensor design parameters. The results lead
to guidelines on how biomolecular monitoring sensors can be designed
for optimal bioanalytical performance in terms of concentration and
time properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiq M. Lubken
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, the Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Arthur M. de Jong
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, the Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Menno W. J. Prins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, the Netherlands
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, the Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, the Netherlands
- Helia Biomonitoring, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, the Netherlands
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13
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Lubken RM, Bergkamp MH, de Jong AM, Prins MWJ. Sensing Methodology for the Rapid Monitoring of Biomolecules at Low Concentrations over Long Time Spans. ACS Sens 2021; 6:4471-4481. [PMID: 34854303 PMCID: PMC8715529 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Studies on the dynamics
of biological systems and biotechnological
processes require measurement techniques that can reveal time dependencies
of concentrations of specific biomolecules, preferably with small
time delays, short time intervals between subsequent measurements,
and the possibility to record over long time spans. For low-concentration
biomolecules, these requirements are very challenging since low-concentration
assays are typically slow and require new reagents in every assay.
Here, we present a sensing methodology that enables rapid monitoring
of picomolar and sub-picomolar concentrations in a reversible affinity-based
assay, studied using simulations. We demonstrate that low-concentration
biomolecules can be monitored with small time delays, short time intervals,
and in principle over an endless time span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiq M. Lubken
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Max H. Bergkamp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur M. de Jong
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Menno W. J. Prins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
- Helia Biomonitoring, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
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14
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Loneliness: An Immunometabolic Syndrome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182212162. [PMID: 34831917 PMCID: PMC8618012 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Loneliness has been defined as an agonizing encounter, experienced when the need for human intimacy is not met adequately, or when a person’s social network does not match their preference, either in number or attributes. This definition helps us realize that the cause of loneliness is not merely being alone, but rather not being in the company we desire. With loneliness being introduced as a measurable, distinct psychological experience, it has been found to be associated with poor health behaviors, heightened stress response, and inadequate physiological repairing activity. With these three major pathways of pathogenesis, loneliness can do much harm; as it impacts both immune and metabolic regulation, altering the levels of inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, acute-phase reactants, chemokines, immunoglobulins, antibody response against viruses and vaccines, and immune cell activity; and affecting stress circuitry, glycemic control, lipid metabolism, body composition, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular function, cognitive function and mental health, respectively. Taken together, there are too many immunologic and metabolic manifestations associated with the construct of loneliness, and with previous literature showcasing loneliness as a distinct psychological experience and a health determinant, we propose that loneliness, in and of itself, is not just a psychosocial phenomenon. It is also an all-encompassing complex of systemic alterations that occur with it, expanding it into a syndrome of events, linked through a shared network of immunometabolic pathology. This review aims to portray a detailed picture of loneliness as an “immunometabolic syndrome”, with its multifaceted pathology.
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15
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Khayamian MA, Parizi MS, Ghaderinia M, Abadijoo H, Vanaei S, Simaee H, Abdolhosseini S, Shalileh S, Faramarzpour M, Naeini VF, Hoseinpour P, Shojaeian F, Abbasvandi F, Abdolahad M. A label-free graphene-based impedimetric biosensor for real-time tracing of the cytokine storm in blood serum; suitable for screening COVID-19 patients. RSC Adv 2021; 11:34503-34515. [PMID: 35494759 PMCID: PMC9042719 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04298j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Concurrent with the pandemic announcement of SARS-CoV-2 infection by the WHO, a variety of reports were published confirming the cytokine storm as the most mortal effect of the virus on the infected patients. Hence, cytokine storm as an evidenced consequence in most of the COVID-19 patients could offer a promising opportunity to use blood as a disease progression marker. Here, we have developed a rapid electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) sensor for quantifying the overall immune activity of the patients. Since during the cytokine storm many types of cytokines are elevated in the blood, there is no need for specific detection of a single type of cytokine and the collective behavior is just measured without any electrode functionalization. The sensor includes a monolayer graphene on a copper substrate as the working electrode (WE) which is able to distinguish between the early and severe stage of the infected patients. The charge transfer resistance (R CT) in the moderate and severe cases varies about 65% and 138% compared to the normal groups, respectively and a specificity of 77% and sensitivity of 100% based on ELISA results were achieved. The outcomes demonstrate a significant correlation between the total mass of the three main hypercytokinemia associated cytokines including IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ in patients and the R CT values. As an extra application, the biosensor's capability for diagnosis of COVID-19 patients was tested and a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 50% were obtained compared to the RT-PCR results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Khayamian
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran P. O. Box 14395/515 Tehran Iran
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Thin Film and Nano Electronics Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran P. O. Box 14395/515 Tehran Iran
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran Tehran 11155-4563 Iran
| | - Mohammad Salemizadeh Parizi
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran P. O. Box 14395/515 Tehran Iran
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Thin Film and Nano Electronics Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran P. O. Box 14395/515 Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Ghaderinia
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran P. O. Box 14395/515 Tehran Iran
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Thin Film and Nano Electronics Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran P. O. Box 14395/515 Tehran Iran
| | - Hamed Abadijoo
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran P. O. Box 14395/515 Tehran Iran
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Thin Film and Nano Electronics Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran P. O. Box 14395/515 Tehran Iran
| | - Shohreh Vanaei
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran P. O. Box 14395/515 Tehran Iran
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Thin Film and Nano Electronics Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran P. O. Box 14395/515 Tehran Iran
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran P. O. Box: 14155-6655 Tehran Iran
| | - Hossein Simaee
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran P. O. Box 14395/515 Tehran Iran
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Thin Film and Nano Electronics Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran P. O. Box 14395/515 Tehran Iran
- Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR Tehran Iran
| | - Saeed Abdolhosseini
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran P. O. Box 14395/515 Tehran Iran
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Thin Film and Nano Electronics Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran P. O. Box 14395/515 Tehran Iran
| | - Shahriar Shalileh
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran P. O. Box 14395/515 Tehran Iran
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Thin Film and Nano Electronics Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran P. O. Box 14395/515 Tehran Iran
| | - Mahsa Faramarzpour
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran P. O. Box 14395/515 Tehran Iran
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Thin Film and Nano Electronics Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran P. O. Box 14395/515 Tehran Iran
| | - Vahid Fadaei Naeini
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran Tehran 11155-4563 Iran
- Division of Machine Elements, Luleå University of Technology Luleå SE-97187 Sweden
| | | | - Fatemeh Shojaeian
- Imam Hossein Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science Tehran Iran
| | - Fereshteh Abbasvandi
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR P. O. Box 15179/64311 Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdolahad
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran P. O. Box 14395/515 Tehran Iran
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Thin Film and Nano Electronics Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran P. O. Box 14395/515 Tehran Iran
- Cancer Institute, Imam-Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences P. O. Box 13145-158 Tehran Iran
- UT&TUMS Cancer electronic Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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16
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Wei G, Jiang D, Hu S, Yang Z, Zhang Z, Li W, Cai W, Liu D. Polydopamine-Decorated Microcomposites Promote Functional Recovery of an Injured Spinal Cord by Inhibiting Neuroinflammation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:47341-47353. [PMID: 34597036 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation following spinal cord injury usually aggravates spinal cord damage. Many inflammatory cytokines are key players in neuroinflammation. Owing largely to the multiplicity of cytokine targets and the complexity of cytokine interactions, it is insufficient to suppress spinal cord damage progression by regulating only one or a few cytokines. Herein, we propose a two-pronged strategy to simultaneously capture the released cytokines and inhibit the synthesis of new ones in a broad-spectrum manner. To achieve this strategy, we designed a core/shell-structured microcomposite, which was composed of a methylprednisolone-incorporated polymer inner core and a biocompatible polydopamine outer shell. Thanks to the inherent adhesive nature of polydopamine, the obtained microcomposite (MP-PLGA@PDA) efficiently neutralized the excessive cytokines in a broad-spectrum manner within 1 day after spinal cord injury. Meanwhile, the controlled release of immunosuppressive methylprednisolone reduced the secretion of new inflammatory cytokines. Benefiting from its efficient and broad-spectrum capability in reducing the level of cytokines, this core/shell-structured microcomposite suppressed the recruitment of macrophages and protected the injured spinal cord, leading to an improved recovery of motor function. Overall, the designed microcomposite successfully achieved the two-pronged strategy in cytokine neutralization, providing an alternative approach to inhibit neuroinflammation in the injured spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dongdong Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shuai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Li
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Weihua Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Dongfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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17
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Burtscher B, Manco Urbina PA, Diacci C, Borghi S, Pinti M, Cossarizza A, Salvarani C, Berggren M, Biscarini F, Simon DT, Bortolotti CA. Sensing Inflammation Biomarkers with Electrolyte-Gated Organic Electronic Transistors. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100955. [PMID: 34423579 PMCID: PMC11469060 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An overview of cytokine biosensing is provided, with a focus on the opportunities provided by organic electronic platforms for monitoring these inflammation biomarkers which manifest at ultralow concentration levels in physiopathological conditions. Specifically, two of the field's state-of-the-art technologies-organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) and electrolyte gated organic field effect transistors (EGOFETs)-and their use in sensing cytokines and other proteins associated with inflammation are a particular focus. The overview will include an introduction to current clinical and "gold standard" quantification techniques and their limitations in terms of cost, time, and required infrastructure. A critical review of recent progress with OECT- and EGOFET-based protein biosensors is presented, alongside a discussion onthe future of these technologies in the years and decades ahead. This is especially timely as the world grapples with limited healthcare diagnostics during the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)pandemic where one of the worst-case scenarios for patients is the "cytokine storm." Clearly, low-cost point-of-care technologies provided by OECTs and EGOFETs can ease the global burden on healthcare systems and support professionals by providing unprecedented wealth of data that can help to monitor disease progression in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Burtscher
- Laboratory of Organic ElectronicsDepartment of Science and TechnologyLinköping UniversityNorrköping60174Sweden
| | | | - Chiara Diacci
- Laboratory of Organic ElectronicsDepartment of Science and TechnologyLinköping UniversityNorrköping60174Sweden
| | - Simone Borghi
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaVia Campi 103Modena41125Italy
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaVia Campi 103Modena41125Italy
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and AdultsUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaVia Campi 287Modena41125Italy
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Rheumatology UnitUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaMedical SchoolAzienda Ospedaliero‐UniversitariaPoliclinico di ModenaModena41124Italy
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic ElectronicsDepartment of Science and TechnologyLinköping UniversityNorrköping60174Sweden
| | - Fabio Biscarini
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaVia Campi 103Modena41125Italy
- Center for Translation NeurophysiologyIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaVia Fossato di Mortara 17–19Ferrara44100Italy
| | - Daniel T. Simon
- Laboratory of Organic ElectronicsDepartment of Science and TechnologyLinköping UniversityNorrköping60174Sweden
| | - Carlo A. Bortolotti
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaVia Campi 103Modena41125Italy
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18
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Khoury T, Rotnemer-Golinkin D, Zolotarev L, Ilan Y. Orally administered anti-eotaxin-1 monoclonal antibody is biologically active in the gut and alleviates immune-mediated hepatitis: A novel anti-inflammatory personalized therapeutic approach. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 35:20587384211021215. [PMID: 34275345 PMCID: PMC8287423 DOI: 10.1177/20587384211021215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized therapies are designed to optimize the safety-to-efficacy
ratio by selecting patients with higher response rates based on
specific biomarkers. Inflammation plays a vital role in the
pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a common liver
disorder. Eotaxin-1 plays a role in innate and adaptive immune
responses. High eotaxin-1 levels are associated with diabetes and
fatty liver disease and, therefore, serves as a biomarker for patient
selection. The anti-eotaxin-1 monoclonal antibody is tailored for the
personalized therapy of patients with inflammatory conditions due to
high levels of eotaxin-1. To evaluate the biological activity and
immunomodulatory effect of orally administered anti-eotaxin-1. C57B1/6
mice were treated with either oral or intra-peritoneal anti-eotaxin-1
antibody before induction of immune-mediated hepatitis using an
injection of concanavalin A (ConA) and checked for liver injury and
eotaxin-1 serum levels. Oral administration of anti-eotaxin-1
alleviated the immune-mediated liver injury. Serum alanine
aminotransferase levels decreased to 1807 U/L, compared with 19025 U/L
in untreated controls and 3657 U/L in mice treated with parenteral
anti-eotaxin-1 (P < 0.005). A trend toward reduced
serum eotaxin-1 levels was observed in treated mice, ranging from 594
pg/mL in the controls to 554 and 561 pg/mL in mice treated orally and
intraperitoneally (P = 0.08, P =
0.06, respectively). Oral administration of anti-eotaxin-1 antibody
shows biological activity in the gut and exerts a systemic
immunomodulatory effect to alleviate immune-mediated hepatitis. The
data suggest that testing for eotaxin-1 serum levels may enable
screening patients with high-eotaxin-1 levels-associated NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawfik Khoury
- Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dory Rotnemer-Golinkin
- Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lidya Zolotarev
- Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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19
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Pérez DJ, Patiño EB, Orozco J. Electrochemical Nanobiosensors as Point‐of‐Care Testing Solution to Cytokines Measurement Limitations. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Pérez
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering University of Antioquia Complejo Ruta N Calle 67, N° 52–20 050010 Medellín Colombia
- Grupo de Bioquímica Estructural de Macromoléculas Chemistry Institute University of Antioquia Lab 1–314 Calle 67, N° 53–108 050010 Medellín Colombia
| | - Edwin B. Patiño
- Grupo de Bioquímica Estructural de Macromoléculas Chemistry Institute University of Antioquia Lab 1–314 Calle 67, N° 53–108 050010 Medellín Colombia
| | - Jahir Orozco
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering University of Antioquia Complejo Ruta N Calle 67, N° 52–20 050010 Medellín Colombia
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20
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Kartikasari AER, Huertas CS, Mitchell A, Plebanski M. Tumor-Induced Inflammatory Cytokines and the Emerging Diagnostic Devices for Cancer Detection and Prognosis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:692142. [PMID: 34307156 PMCID: PMC8294036 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.692142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation generated by the tumor microenvironment is known to drive cancer initiation, proliferation, progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. The tumor microenvironment promotes the secretion of diverse cytokines, in different types and stages of cancers. These cytokines may inhibit tumor development but alternatively may contribute to chronic inflammation that supports tumor growth in both autocrine and paracrine manners and have been linked to poor cancer outcomes. Such distinct sets of cytokines from the tumor microenvironment can be detected in the circulation and are thus potentially useful as biomarkers to detect cancers, predict disease outcomes and manage therapeutic choices. Indeed, analyses of circulating cytokines in combination with cancer-specific biomarkers have been proposed to simplify and improve cancer detection and prognosis, especially from minimally-invasive liquid biopsies, such as blood. Additionally, the cytokine signaling signatures of the peripheral immune cells, even from patients with localized tumors, are recently found altered in cancer, and may also prove applicable as cancer biomarkers. Here we review cytokines induced by the tumor microenvironment, their roles in various stages of cancer development, and their potential use in diagnostics and prognostics. We further discuss the established and emerging diagnostic approaches that can be used to detect cancers from liquid biopsies, and additionally the technological advancement required for their use in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apriliana E. R. Kartikasari
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Cesar S. Huertas
- Integrated Photonics and Applications Centre (InPAC), School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Arnan Mitchell
- Integrated Photonics and Applications Centre (InPAC), School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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21
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Song Y, Zhao J, Cai T, Stephens A, Su SH, Sandford E, Flora C, Singer BH, Ghosh M, Choi SW, Tewari M, Kurabayashi K. Machine learning-based cytokine microarray digital immunoassay analysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 180:113088. [PMID: 33647790 PMCID: PMC7896497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Serial measurement of a large panel of protein biomarkers near the bedside could provide a promising pathway to transform the critical care of acutely ill patients. However, attaining the combination of high sensitivity and multiplexity with a short assay turnaround poses a formidable technological challenge. Here, the authors develop a rapid, accurate, and highly multiplexed microfluidic digital immunoassay by incorporating machine learning-based autonomous image analysis. The assay has achieved 12-plexed biomarker detection in sample volume <15 μL at concentrations < 5 pg/mL while only requiring a 5-min assay incubation, allowing for all processes from sampling to result to be completed within 40 min. The assay procedure applies both a spatial-spectral microfluidic encoding scheme and an image data analysis algorithm based on machine learning with a convolutional neural network (CNN) for pre-equilibrated single-molecule protein digital counting. This unique approach remarkably reduces errors facing the high-capacity multiplexing of digital immunoassay at low protein concentrations. Longitudinal data obtained for a panel of 12 serum cytokines in human patients receiving chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy reveals the powerful biomarker profiling capability. The assay could also be deployed for near-real-time immune status monitoring of critically ill COVID-19 patients developing cytokine storm syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jingyang Zhao
- Department of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Tao Cai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Andrew Stephens
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Shiuan-Haur Su
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Erin Sandford
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Christopher Flora
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Benjamin H Singer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Monalisa Ghosh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sung Won Choi
- Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Muneesh Tewari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Katsuo Kurabayashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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22
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Song Y, Ye Y, Su SH, Stephens A, Cai T, Chung MT, Han M, Newstead MW, Yessayan L, Frame D, Humes D, Singer BH, Kurabayashi K. A digital protein microarray for COVID-19 cytokine storm monitoring. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:331-343. [PMID: 33211045 PMCID: PMC7855944 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00678e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite widespread concern regarding cytokine storms leading to severe morbidity in COVID-19, rapid cytokine assays are not routinely available for monitoring critically ill patients. We report the clinical application of a digital protein microarray platform for rapid multiplex quantification of cytokines from critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) at the University of Michigan Hospital. The platform comprises two low-cost modules: (i) a semi-automated fluidic dispensing/mixing module that can be operated inside a biosafety cabinet to minimize the exposure of the technician to the virus infection and (ii) a 12-12-15 inch compact fluorescence optical scanner for the potential near-bedside readout. The platform enabled daily cytokine analysis in clinical practice with high sensitivity (<0.4 pg mL-1), inter-assay repeatability (∼10% CV), and rapid operation providing feedback on the progress of therapy within 4 hours. This test allowed us to perform serial monitoring of two critically ill patients with respiratory failure and to support immunomodulatory therapy using the selective cytopheretic device (SCD). We also observed clear interleukin-6 (IL-6) elevations after receiving tocilizumab (IL-6 inhibitor) while significant cytokine profile variability exists across all critically ill COVID-19 patients and to discover a weak correlation between IL-6 to clinical biomarkers, such as ferritin and C-reactive protein (CRP). Our data revealed large subject-to-subject variability in patients' response to COVID-19, reaffirming the need for a personalized strategy guided by rapid cytokine assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Yuxuan Ye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Shiuan-Haur Su
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Andrew Stephens
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Tao Cai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Meng-Ting Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Meilan Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Michael W. Newstead
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Lenar Yessayan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - David Frame
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - David Humes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Benjamin H. Singer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
- Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Katsuo Kurabayashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
- Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
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23
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Revisiting Electrochemical Biosensing in the 21st Century Society for Inflammatory Cytokines Involved in Autoimmune, Neurodegenerative, Cardiac, Viral and Cancer Diseases. SENSORS 2020; 21:s21010189. [PMID: 33396710 PMCID: PMC7795835 DOI: 10.3390/s21010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The multifaceted key roles of cytokines in immunity and inflammatory processes have led to a high clinical interest for the determination of these biomolecules to be used as a tool in the diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring and treatment of several diseases of great current relevance (autoimmune, neurodegenerative, cardiac, viral and cancer diseases, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes). Therefore, the rapid and accurate determination of cytokine biomarkers in body fluids, cells and tissues has attracted considerable attention. However, many currently available techniques used for this purpose, although sensitive and selective, require expensive equipment and advanced human skills and do not meet the demands of today’s clinic in terms of test time, simplicity and point-of-care applicability. In the course of ongoing pursuit of new analytical methodologies, electrochemical biosensing is steadily gaining ground as a strategy suitable to develop simple, low-cost methods, with the ability for multiplexed and multiomics determinations in a short time and requiring a small amount of sample. This review article puts forward electrochemical biosensing methods reported in the last five years for the determination of cytokines, summarizes recent developments and trends through a comprehensive discussion of selected strategies, and highlights the challenges to solve in this field. Considering the key role demonstrated in the last years by different materials (with nano or micrometric size and with or without magnetic properties), in the design of analytical performance-enhanced electrochemical biosensing strategies, special attention is paid to the methods exploiting these approaches.
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24
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Molecular structure and supramolecular assembly of a TGF-β1 mimetic oligopeptide. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Nanotechnology Solutions for Controlled Cytokine Delivery: An Applied Perspective. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10207098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Around 200 cytokines with roles in cell signaling have been identified and studied, with the vast majority belonging to the four-α-helix bundle family. These proteins exert their function by binding to specific receptors and are implicated in many diseases. The use of several cytokines as therapeutic targets has been approved by the FDA, however their rapid clearance in vivo still greatly limits their efficacy. Nano-based drug delivery systems have been widely applied in nanomedicine to develop safe, specific and controlled delivery techniques. Nevertheless, each nanomaterial has its own specifications and their suitability towards the biochemical and biophysical properties of the selected drug needs to be determined, weighing in the final choice of the ideal nano drug delivery system. Nanoparticles remain the most used vehicle for cytokine delivery, where polymeric carriers represent the vast majority of the studied systems. Liposomes and gold or silica nanoparticles are also explored and discussed in this review. Additionally, surface functionalization is of great importance to facilitate the attachment of a wide variety of molecules and modify features such as bioavailability. Since the monitoring of cytokine levels has an important role in early clinical diagnosis and for assessing therapeutic efficacy, nanotechnological advances are also valuable for nanosensor development.
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26
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Photosystem (PSII)-based hybrid nanococktails for the fabrication of BIO-DSSC and photo-induced memory device. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Rani D, Singh Y, Salker M, Vu XT, Ingebrandt S, Pachauri V. Point-of-care-ready nanoscale ISFET arrays for sub-picomolar detection of cytokines in cell cultures. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6777-6788. [PMID: 32725311 PMCID: PMC7496041 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02820-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and frequent screening of cytokines as immunomodulation agents is necessary for precise interventions in severe pathophysiological conditions. In addition to high-sensitivity detection of such analytes in complex biological fluids such as blood, saliva, and cell culture medium samples, it is also crucial to work out miniaturized bioanalytical platforms with potential for high-density integration enabling screening of multiple analytes. In this work, we show a compact, point-of-care-ready bioanalytical platform for screening of cytokines such as interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) based on one-dimensional ion-sensitive field-effect transistors arrays (nanoISFETs) of silicon fabricated at wafer-scale via nanoimprint lithography. The nanoISFETs biofunctionalized with receptor proteins alpha IL-4 and alpha IL-2 were deployed for screening cytokine secretion in mouse T helper cell differentiation culture media, respectively. Our nanoISFETs showed robust sensor signals for specific molecular binding and can be readily deployed for real-time screening of cytokines. Quantitative analyses of the nanoISFET-based bioanalytical platform was carried out for IL-4 concentrations ranging from 25 fg/mL (1.92 fM) to 2.5 μg/mL (192 nM), showing a limit of detection down to 3-5 fM, which was found to be in agreement with ELISA results in determining IL-4 concentrations directly in complex cell culture media. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Rani
- Department of Computer Sciences and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Amerikastrasse 1, 66482, Zweibruecken, Germany
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Madhuri Salker
- Women's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/6, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xuan Thang Vu
- Department of Computer Sciences and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Amerikastrasse 1, 66482, Zweibruecken, Germany
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1 (IWE1), RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstrasse 24, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sven Ingebrandt
- Department of Computer Sciences and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Amerikastrasse 1, 66482, Zweibruecken, Germany
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1 (IWE1), RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstrasse 24, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vivek Pachauri
- Department of Computer Sciences and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Amerikastrasse 1, 66482, Zweibruecken, Germany.
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1 (IWE1), RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstrasse 24, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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28
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Song Y, Ye Y, Su SH, Stephens A, Cai T, Chung MT, Han M, Newstead MW, Frame D, Singer BH, Kurabayashi K. A Digital Protein Microarray for COVID-19 Cytokine Storm Monitoring. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020:2020.06.15.20131870. [PMID: 32587979 PMCID: PMC7310633 DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.15.20131870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite widespread concern for cytokine storms leading to severe morbidity in COVID-19, rapid cytokine assays are not routinely available for monitoring critically ill patients. We report the clinical application of a machine learning-based digital protein microarray platform for rapid multiplex quantification of cytokines from critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) at the University of Michigan Hospital. The platform comprises two low-cost modules: (i) a semi-automated fluidic dispensing/mixing module that can be operated inside a biosafety cabinet to minimize the exposure of technician to the virus infection and (ii) a 12-12-15 inch compact fluorescence optical scanner for the potential near-bedside readout. The platform enabled daily cytokine analysis in clinical practice with high sensitivity (<0.4pg/mL), inter-assay repeatability (~10% CV), and near-real-time operation with a 10 min assay incubation. A cytokine profiling test with the platform allowed us to observe clear interleukin-6 (IL-6) elevations after receiving tocilizumab (IL-6 inhibitor) while significant cytokine profile variability exists across all critically ill COVID-19 patients and to discover a weak correlation between IL-6 to clinical biomarkers, such as Ferritin and CRP. Our data revealed large subject-to-subject variability in a patient's response to anti-inflammatory treatment for COVID-19, reaffirming the need for a personalized strategy guided by rapid cytokine assays.
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29
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Mauriz E. Low-Fouling Substrates for Plasmonic Sensing of Circulating Biomarkers in Biological Fluids. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10060063. [PMID: 32531908 PMCID: PMC7345924 DOI: 10.3390/bios10060063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The monitoring of biomarkers in body fluids provides valuable prognostic information regarding disease onset and progression. Most biosensing approaches use noninvasive screening tools and are conducted in order to improve early clinical diagnosis. However, biofouling of the sensing surface may disturb the quantification of circulating biomarkers in complex biological fluids. Thus, there is a great need for antifouling interfaces to be designed in order to reduce nonspecific adsorption and prevent inactivation of biological receptors and loss of sensitivity. To address these limitations and enable their application in clinical practice, a variety of plasmonic platforms have been recently developed for biomarker analysis in easily accessible biological fluids. This review presents an overview of the latest advances in the design of antifouling strategies for the detection of clinically relevant biomarkers on the basis of the characteristics of biological samples. The impact of nanoplasmonic biosensors as point-of-care devices has been examined for a wide range of biomarkers associated with cancer, inflammatory, infectious and neurodegenerative diseases. Clinical applications in readily obtainable biofluids such as blood, saliva, urine, tears and cerebrospinal and synovial fluids, covering almost the whole range of plasmonic applications, from surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elba Mauriz
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, s/n, 24071 León, Spain;
- Institute of Food Science and Technology (ICTAL), La Serna 58, 24007 León, Spain
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30
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Smith LD, Willard MC, Smith JP, Cunningham BT. Development of a Linker-Mediated Immunoassay Using Chemically Transitioned Nanosensors. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3627-3635. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas D. Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Holonyak Micro & Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- EnterpriseWorks, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61820, United States
| | - Michael C. Willard
- EnterpriseWorks, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61820, United States
| | - Jordan P. Smith
- EnterpriseWorks, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61820, United States
| | - Brian T. Cunningham
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Holonyak Micro & Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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31
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Wang C, Cai Y, MacLACHLAN A, Chen P. Novel Nanoplasmonic-Structure-Based Integrated Microfluidic Biosensors for Label-Free in Situ Immune Functional Analysis: A review of recent progress. IEEE NANOTECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE 2020; 14:46-C3. [PMID: 34290843 DOI: 10.1109/mnano.2020.2966205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyu Wang
- Materials Research and Education Center, Materials Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Alabama
| | - Yuxin Cai
- Materials Research and Education Center, Materials Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Alabama
| | - Alana MacLACHLAN
- Materials Research and Education Center, Materials Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Alabama
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Materials Research and Education Center, Materials Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Alabama
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32
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Park Y, Ryu B, Deng Q, Pan B, Song Y, Tian Y, Alam HB, Li Y, Liang X, Kurabayashi K. An Integrated Plasmo-Photoelectronic Nanostructure Biosensor Detects an Infection Biomarker Accompanying Cell Death in Neutrophils. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1905611. [PMID: 31793755 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201905611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections leading to sepsis are a major cause of deaths in the intensive care unit. Unfortunately, no effective methods are available to capture the early onset of infectious sepsis near the patient with both speed and sensitivity required for timely clinical treatment. To fill the gap, the authors develop a highly miniaturized (2.5 × 2.5 µm2 ) plasmo-photoelectronic nanostructure device that detected citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3), a biomarker released to the blood circulatory system by neutrophils. Rapidly detecting CitH3 with high sensitivity has the great potential to prevent infections from developing life-threatening septic shock. To this end, the author's device incorporates structurally engineered arrayed hemispherical gold nanoparticles that are functionalized with high-affinity antibodies. A nanoplasmonic resonance shift induces a photoconduction increase in a few-layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 ) channel, and it provides the sensor signal. The device achieves label-free detection of serum CitH3 with a 5-log dynamic range from 10-4 to 101 ng mL and a sample-to-answer time <20 min. Using this biosensor, the authors longitudinally measure the dynamic CitH3 profiles of individual living mice in a sepsis model at high resolution over 12 hours. The developed biosensor may be poised for future translation to personalized management of systemic bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younggeun Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Byunghoon Ryu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Qiufang Deng
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Baihong Pan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of General Surgery, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yujing Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yuzi Tian
- Department of General Surgery, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Rheumatology, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Hasan B Alam
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yongqing Li
- Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xiaogan Liang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Katsuo Kurabayashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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33
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A Multicenter Network Assessment of Three Inflammation Phenotypes in Pediatric Sepsis-Induced Multiple Organ Failure. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2019; 20:1137-1146. [PMID: 31568246 PMCID: PMC8121153 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ongoing adult sepsis clinical trials are assessing therapies that target three inflammation phenotypes including 1) immunoparalysis associated, 2) thrombotic microangiopathy driven thrombocytopenia associated, and 3) sequential liver failure associated multiple organ failure. These three phenotypes have not been assessed in the pediatric multicenter setting. We tested the hypothesis that these phenotypes are associated with increased macrophage activation syndrome and mortality in pediatric sepsis. DESIGN Prospective severe sepsis cohort study comparing children with multiple organ failure and any of these phenotypes to children with multiple organ failure without these phenotypes and children with single organ failure. SETTING Nine PICUs in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network. PATIENTS Children with severe sepsis and indwelling arterial or central venous catheters. INTERVENTIONS Clinical data collection and twice weekly blood sampling until PICU day 28 or discharge. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Of 401 severe sepsis cases enrolled, 112 (28%) developed single organ failure (0% macrophage activation syndrome 0/112; < 1% mortality 1/112), whereas 289 (72%) developed multiple organ failure (9% macrophage activation syndrome 24/289; 15% mortality 43/289). Overall mortality was higher in children with multiple organ and the phenotypes (24/101 vs 20/300; relative risk, 3.56; 95% CI, 2.06-6.17). Compared to the 188 multiple organ failure patients without these inflammation phenotypes, the 101 multiple organ failure patients with these phenotypes had both increased macrophage activation syndrome (19% vs 3%; relative risk, 7.07; 95% CI, 2.72-18.38) and mortality (24% vs 10%; relative risk, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.35-4.08). CONCLUSIONS These three inflammation phenotypes were associated with increased macrophage activation syndrome and mortality in pediatric sepsis-induced multiple organ failure. This study provides an impetus and essential baseline data for planning multicenter clinical trials targeting these inflammation phenotypes in children.
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El-Haj M, Kanovitch D, Ilan Y. Personalized inherent randomness of the immune system is manifested by an individualized response to immune triggers and immunomodulatory therapies: a novel platform for designing personalized immunotherapies. Immunol Res 2019; 67:337-347. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-019-09101-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Cai Y, Zhu J, He J, Wen Y, Ma C, Xiong F, Li F, Chen W, Chen P. Magnet Patterned Superparamagnetic Fe 3 O 4 /Au Core-Shell Nanoplasmonic Sensing Array for Label-Free High Throughput Cytokine Immunoassay. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801478. [PMID: 30645037 PMCID: PMC6486820 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate immune monitoring plays a decisive role in effectively treating immune-related diseases especially at point-of-care, where an immediate decision on treatment is needed upon precise determination of the patient immune status. Derived from the emerging clinical demands, there is an urgent need for a cytokine immunoassay that offers unprecedented sensor performance with high sensitivity, throughput, and multiplexing capability, as well as short turnaround time at low system complexity, manufacturability, and scalability. In this paper, a label-free, high throughput cytokine immunoassay based on a magnet patterned Fe3 O4 /Au core-shell nanoparticle (FACSNP) sensing array is developed. By exploiting the unique superparamagnetic and plasmonic properties of the core-shell nanomaterials, a facile microarray patterning technique is established that allows the fabrication of a uniform, self-assembled microarray on a large surface area with remarkable tunability and scalability. The sensing performance of the FACSNP microarray is validated by real-time detection of four cytokines in complex biological samples, showing high sensitivity (≈20 pg mL-1 ), selectivity and throughput with excellent statistical accuracy. The developed immunoassay is successfully applied for rapid determination of the functional immunophenotype of leukemia tumor-associated macrophages, manifesting its potential clinical applications for real-time immune monitoring, early cancer detection, and therapeutic drug stratification toward personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Cai
- Materials Research and Education Center, Materials Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Jingyi Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiacheng He
- Materials Research and Education Center, Materials Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Yang Wen
- Materials Research and Education Center, Materials Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Feng Xiong
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Materials Research and Education Center, Materials Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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Zhu J, He J, Verano M, Brimmo AT, Glia A, Qasaimeh MA, Chen P, Aleman JO, Chen W. An integrated adipose-tissue-on-chip nanoplasmonic biosensing platform for investigating obesity-associated inflammation. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3550-3560. [PMID: 30302487 PMCID: PMC6246809 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00605a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Although many advanced biosensing techniques have been proposed for cytokine profiling, there are no clinically available methods that integrate high-resolution immune cell monitoring and in situ multiplexed cytokine detection together in a biomimetic tissue microenvironment. The primary challenge arises due to the lack of suitable label-free sensing techniques and difficulty for sensor integration. In this work, we demonstrated a novel integration of a localized-surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-based biosensor with a biomimetic microfluidic 'adipose-tissue-on-chip' platform for an in situ label-free, high-throughput and multiplexed cytokine secretion analysis of obese adipose tissue. Using our established adipose-tissue-on-chip platform, we were able to monitor the adipose tissue initiation, differentiation, and maturation and simulate the hallmark formation of crown-like structures (CLSs) during pro-inflammatory stimulation. With integrated antibody-conjugated LSPR barcode sensor arrays, our platform enables simultaneous multiplexed measurements of pro-inflammatory (IL-6 and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and IL-4) cytokines secreted by the adipocytes and macrophages. As a result, our adipose-tissue-on-chip platform is capable of identifying stage-specific cytokine secretion profiles from a complex milieu during obesity progression, highlighting its potential as a high-throughput preclinical readout for personalized obesity treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jiacheng He
- Materials Research and Education Center, Materials Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Michael Verano
- Laboratory of Translational Obesity Research, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ayoola T Brimmo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA. and Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ayoub Glia
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA. and Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad A Qasaimeh
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA. and Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Materials Research and Education Center, Materials Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Jose O Aleman
- Laboratory of Translational Obesity Research, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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Ren H, Chen X, Tian M, Zhou J, Ouyang H, Zhang Z. Regulation of Inflammatory Cytokines for Spinal Cord Injury Repair Through Local Delivery of Therapeutic Agents. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800529. [PMID: 30479916 PMCID: PMC6247077 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The balance of inflammation is critical to the repair of spinal cord injury (SCI), which is one of the most devastating traumas in human beings. Inflammatory cytokines, the direct mediators of local inflammation, have differential influences on the repair of the injured spinal cord. Some inflammatory cytokines are demonstrated beneficial to spinal cord repair in SCI models, while some detrimental. Various animal researches have revealed that local delivery of therapeutic agents efficiently regulates inflammatory cytokines and promotes repair from SCI. Quite a few clinical studies have also shown the promotion of repair from SCI through regulation of inflammatory cytokines. However, local delivery of a single agent affects only a part of the inflammatory cytokines that need to be regulated. Meanwhile, different individuals have differential profiles of inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, future studies may aim to develop personalized strategies of locally delivered therapeutic agent cocktails for effective and precise regulation of inflammation, and substantial functional recovery from SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ren
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityNo. 63 Duobao RoadGuangzhou510150P. R. China
| | - Xuri Chen
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang UniversityNo. 866 Yuhangtang RoadHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Mengya Tian
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang UniversityNo. 866 Yuhangtang RoadHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang UniversityNo. 866 Yuhangtang RoadHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Basic Medical ScienceZhejiang UniversityNo. 866 Yuhangtang RoadHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Translational Research Center for Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing TechnologiesGuangzhou Medical UniversityNo. 63 Duobao RoadGuangzhou510150P. R. China
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Shimada T, Yasui T, Yokoyama A, Goda T, Hara M, Yanagida T, Kaji N, Kanai M, Nagashima K, Miyahara Y, Kawai T, Baba Y. Biomolecular recognition on nanowire surfaces modified by the self-assembled monolayer. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3225-3229. [PMID: 30264843 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00438b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular recognition is one of the key factors in designing biosensors due to which nanowires functionalized with molecular recognition have attracted a lot of attention as promising candidates for nanostructures embedded in biosensors. However, the difficulty in real-world applications with analytical specificity is that molecular recognition on nanowires mainly depends on antibody modification with multistep modification procedures. Furthermore, the antibody modification suffers from nonspecific adsorption of undesired proteins in body fluid on the nanowires, which causes false responses and lowers sensitivity. Herein, we propose biomolecular recognition using surface-modified nanowires via thiolated 2-methacryloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC-SH). MPC-SH enables self-assembled monolayer (SAM) modification, which contributes to the reduction of nonspecific adsorption of biomolecules onto the nanowires, and the specific capture of a target protein is attained in the presence of calcium ions. Our concept demonstrates the recognition of the biomarker protein on nanowire surfaces modified by MPC-SH SAM with a single step modification procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Shimada
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
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Modena MM, Chawla K, Misun PM, Hierlemann A. Smart Cell Culture Systems: Integration of Sensors and Actuators into Microphysiological Systems. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:1767-1784. [PMID: 29381325 PMCID: PMC5959007 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Technological advances in microfabrication techniques in combination with organotypic cell and tissue models have enabled the realization of microphysiological systems capable of recapitulating aspects of human physiology in vitro with great fidelity. Concurrently, a number of analysis techniques has been developed to probe and characterize these model systems. However, many assays are still performed off-line, which severely compromises the possibility of obtaining real-time information from the samples under examination, and which also limits the use of these platforms in high-throughput analysis. In this review, we focus on sensing and actuation schemes that have already been established or offer great potential to provide in situ detection or manipulation of relevant cell or tissue samples in microphysiological platforms. We will first describe methods that can be integrated in a straightforward way and that offer potential multiplexing and/or parallelization of sensing and actuation functions. These methods include electrical impedance spectroscopy, electrochemical biosensors, and the use of surface acoustic waves for manipulation and analysis of cells, tissue, and multicellular organisms. In the second part, we will describe two sensor approaches based on surface-plasmon resonance and mechanical resonators that have recently provided new characterization features for biological samples, although technological limitations for use in high-throughput applications still exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario M. Modena
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering,
Bio Engineering Laboratory, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ketki Chawla
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering,
Bio Engineering Laboratory, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick M. Misun
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering,
Bio Engineering Laboratory, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hierlemann
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering,
Bio Engineering Laboratory, Basel, Switzerland
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40
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Cao C, Zhang F, Goldys EM, Gao F, Liu G. Advances in structure-switching aptasensing towards real time detection of cytokines. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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41
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Cui X, Liu Y, Hu D, Qian W, Tin C, Sun D, Chen W, Lam RHW. A fluorescent microbead-based microfluidic immunoassay chip for immune cell cytokine secretion quantification. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:522-531. [PMID: 29326990 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc01183k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative and dynamic analyses of immune cell secretory cytokines are essential for precise determination and characterization of the "immune phenotype" of patients for clinical diagnosis and treatment of immune-related diseases. Although multiple methods including the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have been applied for cytokine detection, such measurements remain very challenging in real-time, high-throughput, and high-sensitivity immune cell analysis. In this paper, we report a highly integrated microfluidic device that allows for on-chip isolation, culture, and stimulation, as well as sensitive and dynamic cytokine profiling of immune cells. Such a microfluidic sensing chip is integrated with cytometric fluorescent microbeads for real-time and multiplexed monitoring of immune cell cytokine secretion dynamics, consuming a relatively small extracted sample volume (160 nl) without interrupting the immune cell culture. Furthermore, it is integrated with a Taylor dispersion-based mixing unit in each detection chamber that shortens the immunoassay period down to less than 30 minutes. We demonstrate the profiling of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokine secretions (e.g. interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factors) of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with a sensitivity of 20 pg ml-1 and a sample volume of 160 nl per detection. Further applications of this automated, rapid, and high-throughput microfluidic immunophenotyping platform can help unleash the mechanisms of systemic immune responses, and enable efficient assessments of the pathologic immune status for clinical diagnosis and immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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42
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Panjan P, Virtanen V, Sesay AM. Towards microbioprocess control: an inexpensive 3D printed microbioreactor with integrated online real-time glucose monitoring. Analyst 2018; 143:3926-3933. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00308d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A 3D printed micro-bioreactor and microfluidic chip with integrated screen printed glucose biosensor for online monitoring of glucose to aid micro-bioprocess control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Panjan
- Measurement Technology Unit (MITY)
- University of Oulu
- 87400 Kajaani
- Finland EU
| | - Vesa Virtanen
- Measurement Technology Unit (MITY)
- University of Oulu
- 87400 Kajaani
- Finland EU
| | - Adama Marie Sesay
- Measurement Technology Unit (MITY)
- University of Oulu
- 87400 Kajaani
- Finland EU
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43
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Kupcova Skalnikova H, Cizkova J, Cervenka J, Vodicka P. Advances in Proteomic Techniques for Cytokine Analysis: Focus on Melanoma Research. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2697. [PMID: 29236046 PMCID: PMC5751298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a skin cancer with permanently increasing incidence and resistance to therapies in advanced stages. Reports of spontaneous regression and tumour infiltration with T-lymphocytes makes melanoma candidate for immunotherapies. Cytokines are key factors regulating immune response and intercellular communication in tumour microenvironment. Cytokines may be used in therapy of melanoma to modulate immune response. Cytokines also possess diagnostic and prognostic potential and cytokine production may reflect effects of immunotherapies. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of recent advances in proteomic techniques for the detection and quantification of cytokines in melanoma research. Approaches covered span from mass spectrometry to immunoassays for single molecule detection (ELISA, western blot), multiplex assays (chemiluminescent, bead-based (Luminex) and planar antibody arrays), ultrasensitive techniques (Singulex, Simoa, immuno-PCR, proximity ligation/extension assay, immunomagnetic reduction assay), to analyses of single cells producing cytokines (ELISpot, flow cytometry, mass cytometry and emerging techniques for single cell secretomics). Although this review is focused mainly on cancer and particularly melanoma, the discussed techniques are in general applicable to broad research field of biology and medicine, including stem cells, development, aging, immunology and intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Kupcova Skalnikova
- Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Cizkova
- Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic.
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jakub Cervenka
- Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic.
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 12843 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Vodicka
- Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 27721 Libechov, Czech Republic.
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Hua H, Zhang N, Liu D, Song L, Liu T, Li S, Zhao Y. Multifunctional gold nanorods and docetaxel-encapsulated liposomes for combined thermo- and chemotherapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:7869-7884. [PMID: 29123399 PMCID: PMC5661837 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s143977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized and precise nanomedicines are highly demanded for today’s medical needs. Liposomes are ideal candidates for the construction of multifunctional drug delivery systems. In this study, a liposome was used to improve the clinical issues of docetaxel (Doc), a potent antimitotic chemotherapy for prostate cancer (PC). RLT, a low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-binding peptide, and PEG were conjugated to the liposomes, and gold nanorods (GNRs) were also incorporated into the liposomes. The GNRs/Doc-liposome-RLT (GNRs/DocL-R) was tested in PC-3 cells and in PC-3 tumor-bearing nude mice. Results showed that GNRs/DocL-R possessed a diameter approximately 163.15±1.83 nm and a zeta potential approximately −32.8±2.16 mV. GNRs/DocL-R showed enhanced intracellular entrance, increased accumulation in the implanted tumor region, and the highest tumor inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the multifunctional GNRs/DocL-R was a potential cancer treatment via combined chemo- and thermotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Hua
- Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University.,Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Lili Song
- Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Tuanbing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University.,Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shasha Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University.,Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yongxing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University.,Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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van den Broek LJ, Bergers LIJC, Reijnders CMA, Gibbs S. Progress and Future Prospectives in Skin-on-Chip Development with Emphasis on the use of Different Cell Types and Technical Challenges. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 13:418-429. [PMID: 28536890 PMCID: PMC5486511 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the healthy and diseased state of skin is important in many areas of basic and applied research. Although the field of skin tissue engineering has advanced greatly over the last years, current in vitro skin models still do not mimic the complexity of the human skin. Skin-on-chip and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) might be key technologies to improve in vitro skin models. This review summarizes the state of the art of in vitro skin models with regard to cell sources (primary, cell line, iPSC) and microfluidic devices. It can be concluded that iPSC have the potential to be differentiated into many kinds of immunologically matched cells and skin-on-chip technology might lead to more physiologically relevant skin models due to the controlled environment, possible exchange of immune cells, and an increased barrier function. Therefore the combination of iPSC and skin-on-chip is expected to lead to superior healthy and diseased in vitro skin models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Dermatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Panjan P, Virtanen V, Sesay AM. Determination of stability characteristics for electrochemical biosensors via thermally accelerated ageing. Talanta 2017; 170:331-336. [PMID: 28501177 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors are devices that are prone to ageing; this phenomenon can be characterized as a decrease in signal over time. Biosensor stability is of a crucial importance for commercial success and as biosensors are presently being applied to an increasing and variety of applications. Stability characteristics related to shelf life, reusability and/or continuous use stability are often poorly investigated or unreported in literature, yet are important factors. Instability or ageing can be accelerated at an elevated temperature; Arrhenius (exponential) and linear models were investigated in order to propose a novel method for rapid ageing characteristics determination. Linear correlation proved more suitable with higher coefficients of determination than exponential correlation. Degradation rate is linearly dependent on temperature and by utilizing the proposed models, long term shelf life of a biosensor can be determined in 4 days and continuous use stability in less than 24h. Reusability studies are found to correlate poorly due to the unpredictable nature of biosensor handling. Basic constructed screen printed electrode glucose oxidase biosensors were used as a model biosensor in order to propose models for shelf life, reusability and continuous use stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Panjan
- Measurement Technology Unit, CEMIS-Oulu, Kajaani University Consortium, University of Oulu, Kehräämöntie 7, Kajaani 87400, Finland
| | - Vesa Virtanen
- Measurement Technology Unit, CEMIS-Oulu, Kajaani University Consortium, University of Oulu, Kehräämöntie 7, Kajaani 87400, Finland
| | - Adama Marie Sesay
- Measurement Technology Unit, CEMIS-Oulu, Kajaani University Consortium, University of Oulu, Kehräämöntie 7, Kajaani 87400, Finland.
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Oh BR, Chen P, Nidetz R, McHugh W, Fu J, Shanley TP, Cornell TT, Kurabayashi K. Multiplexed Nanoplasmonic Temporal Profiling of T-Cell Response under Immunomodulatory Agent Exposure. ACS Sens 2016; 1:941-948. [PMID: 27478873 PMCID: PMC4960639 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Immunomodulatory drugs—agents
regulating the immune response—are
commonly used for treating immune system disorders and minimizing
graft versus host disease in persons receiving organ transplants.
At the cellular level, immunosuppressant drugs are used to inhibit
pro-inflammatory or tissue-damaging responses of cells. However, few
studies have so far precisely characterized the cellular-level effect
of immunomodulatory treatment. The primary challenge arises due to
the rapid and transient nature of T-cell immune responses to such
treatment. T-cell responses involve a highly interactive network of
different types of cytokines, which makes precise monitoring of drug-modulated
T-cell response difficult. Here, we present a nanoplasmonic biosensing
approach to quantitatively characterize cytokine secretion behaviors
of T cells with a fine time-resolution (every 10 min) that are altered
by an immunosuppressive drug used in the treatment of T-cell-mediated
diseases. With a microfluidic platform integrating antibody-conjugated
gold nanorod (AuNR) arrays, the technique enables simultaneous multi-time-point
measurements of pro-inflammatory (IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α)
and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines secreted by T cells. The integrated
nanoplasmonic biosensors achieve precise measurements with low operating
sample volume (1 μL), short assay time (∼30 min), heightened
sensitivity (∼20–30 pg/mL), and negligible sensor crosstalk.
Data obtained from the multicytokine secretion profiles with high
practicality resulting from all of these sensing capabilities provide
a comprehensive picture of the time-varying cellular functional state
during pharmacologic immunosuppression. The capability to monitor
cellular functional response demonstrated in this study has great
potential to ultimately permit personalized immunomodulatory treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas P. Shanley
- Department
of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60611, United States
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48
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Bergers LIJC, Reijnders CMA, van den Broek LJ, Spiekstra SW, de Gruijl TD, Weijers EM, Gibbs S. Immune-competent human skin disease models. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1479-1488. [PMID: 27265772 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
All skin diseases have an underlying immune component. Owing to differences in animal and human immunology, the majority of drugs fail in the preclinical or clinical testing phases. Therefore animal alternative methods that incorporate human immunology into in vitro skin disease models are required to move the field forward. This review summarizes the progress, using examples from fibrosis, autoimmune diseases, psoriasis, cancer and contact allergy. The emphasis is on co-cultures and 3D organotypic models. Our conclusion is that current models are inadequate and future developments with immune-competent skin-on-chip models based on induced pluripotent stem cells could provide a next generation of skin models for drug discovery and testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sander W Spiekstra
- Department of Dermatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ester M Weijers
- Department of Dermatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Dermatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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