1
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Kim KM, D'Elia AM, Rodell CB. Hydrogel-based approaches to target hypersensitivity mechanisms underlying autoimmune disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024:115395. [PMID: 39004347 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
A robust adaptive immune response is essential for combatting pathogens. In the wrong context such as due to genetic and environmental factors, however, the same mechanisms crucial for self-preservation can lead to a loss of self-tolerance. Resulting autoimmunity manifests in the development of a host of organ-specific or systemic autoimmune diseases, hallmarked by aberrant immune responses and tissue damage. The prevalence of autoimmune diseases is on the rise, medical management of which focuses primarily on pharmacological immunosuppression that places patients at a risk of side effects, including opportunistic infections and tumorigenesis. Biomaterial-based drug delivery systems confer many opportunities to address challenges associated with conventional disease management. Hydrogels, in particular, can protect encapsulated cargo (drug or cell therapeutics) from the host environment, afford their presentation in a controlled manner, and can be tailored to respond to disease conditions or support treatment via multiplexed functionality. Moreover, localized delivery to affected sites by these approaches has the potential to concentrate drug action at the site, reduce off-target exposure, and enhance patient compliance by reducing the need for frequent administration. Despite their many benefits for the management of autoimmune disease, such biomaterial-based approaches focus largely on the downstream effects of hypersensitivity mechanisms and have a limited capacity to eradicate the disease. In contrast, direct targeting of mechanisms of hypersensitivity reactions uniquely enables prophylaxis or the arrest of disease progression by mitigating the basis of autoimmunity. One promising approach is to induce self-antigen-specific tolerance, which specifically subdues damaging autoreactivity while otherwise retaining the normal immune responses. In this review, we will discuss hydrogel-based systems for the treatment of autoimmune disease, with a focus on those that target hypersensitivity mechanisms head-on. As the field continues to advance, it will expand the range of therapeutic choices for people coping with autoimmune diseases, providing fresh prospects for better clinical outcomes and improved quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Arielle M D'Elia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Christopher B Rodell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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2
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Meany EL, Klich JH, Jons CK, Mao T, Chaudhary N, Utz A, Baillet J, Song YE, Saouaf OM, Ou BS, Williams SC, Eckman N, Irvine DJ, Appel E. Generation of an inflammatory niche in an injectable hydrogel depot through recruitment of key immune cells improves efficacy of mRNA vaccines. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.05.602305. [PMID: 39026835 PMCID: PMC11257424 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.05.602305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) delivered in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) rose to the forefront of vaccine candidates during the COVID-19 pandemic due in part to scalability, adaptability, and potency. Yet there remain critical areas for improvements of these vaccines in durability and breadth of humoral responses. In this work, we explore a modular strategy to target mRNA/LNPs to antigen presenting cells with an injectable polymer-nanoparticle (PNP) hydrogel depot technology which recruits key immune cells and forms an immunological niche in vivo. We characterize this niche on a single cell level and find it is highly tunable through incorporation of adjuvants like MPLAs and 3M-052. Delivering commercially available SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in PNP hydrogels improves the durability and quality of germinal center reactions, and the magnitude, breadth, and durability of humoral responses. The tunable immune niche formed within PNP hydrogels effectively skews immune responses based on encapsulated adjuvants, creating opportunities to precisely modulate mRNA/LNP vaccines for various indications from infectious diseases to cancers.
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3
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Yan Y, Huang X, Yuan L, Ngai T, Ma G, Xia Y. Dictating the spatial-temporal delivery of molecular adjuvant and antigen for the enhanced vaccination. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122697. [PMID: 38968687 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The incorporation of molecular adjuvants has revolutionized vaccine by boosting overall immune efficacy. While traditional efforts have been concentrated on the quality and quantity of vaccine components, the impact of adjuvant and antigen delivery kinetics on immunity remains to be fully understood. Here, we employed poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticle (PLGA NP) -stabilized Pickering emulsion (PPE) to refine the delivery kinetics of molecular adjuvant CpG and antigen, aiming to optimize immune responses. The hierarchical structure of PPE enabled spatially differential loading of CpG and antigen. The component inserted on the oil-water interphase exhibited a rapid release profile, while the one encapsulated in the PLGA NPs demonstrated a sustained release. This led to distinct intracellular spatial-temporal release kinetics. Compared to the PPE with sustained CpG release and burst release of antigen, we found that the PPE with rapid CpG release and sustained antigen release triggered an early and robust activation of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in direct way. This fostered a more immunogenic microenvironment, significantly outperforming the inverted delivery profile in dendritic cells (DCs) activation, resulting in higher CD40 expression, elevated proinflammatory cytokine levels, sustained antigen cross-presentation, an enhanced Th1 response, and increased CD8+ T cells. Moreover, prior exposure of CpG led to suppressed tumor growth and enhanced efficacy in Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccine. Our findings underscore the importance of tuning adjuvant and antigen delivery kinetics in vaccine design, proposing a novel path for enhancing vaccination outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Xiaonan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China; Sinovac Biotech Ltd., Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Lili Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - To Ngai
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., PR China
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Yufei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China.
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4
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Yu X, Cai L, Yao J, Li C, Wang X. Agonists and Inhibitors of the cGAS-STING Pathway. Molecules 2024; 29:3121. [PMID: 38999073 PMCID: PMC11243509 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is pivotal in immunotherapy. Several agonists and inhibitors of the cGAS-STING pathway have been developed and evaluated for the treatment of various diseases. The agonists aim to activate STING, with cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) being the most common, while the inhibitors aim to block the enzymatic activity or DNA binding ability of cGAS. Meanwhile, non-CDN compounds and cGAS agonists are also gaining attention. The omnipresence of the cGAS-STING pathway in vivo indicates that its overactivation could lead to undesired inflammatory responses and autoimmune diseases, which underscores the necessity of developing both agonists and inhibitors of the cGAS-STING pathway. This review describes the molecular traits and roles of the cGAS-STING pathway and summarizes the development of cGAS-STING agonists and inhibitors. The information is supposed to be conducive to the design of novel drugs for targeting the cGAS-STING pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Yu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Linxiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingyue Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Cenming Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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5
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Ou BS, Baillet J, Filsinger Interrante MV, Adamska JZ, Zhou X, Saouaf OM, Yan J, Klich JH, Jons CK, Meany EL, Valdez AS, Carter L, Pulendran B, King NP, Appel EA. Saponin Nanoparticle Adjuvants Incorporating Toll-Like Receptor Agonists Drive Distinct Immune Signatures and Potent Vaccine Responses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.16.549249. [PMID: 37577608 PMCID: PMC10418080 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.16.549249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the development of potent and safe immune-activating adjuvant technologies has become the heart of intensive research in the constant fight against highly mutative and immune evasive viruses such as influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and HIV. Herein, we developed a highly modular saponin-based nanoparticle platform incorporating toll-like receptor agonists (TLRas) including TLR1/2a, TLR4a, TLR7/8a adjuvants and their mixtures. These various TLRa-SNP adjuvant constructs induce unique acute cytokine and immune-signaling profiles, leading to specific Th-responses that could be of interest depending on the target disease for prevention. In a murine vaccine study, the adjuvants greatly improved the potency, durability, breadth, and neutralization of both COVID-19 and HIV vaccine candidates, suggesting the potential broad application of these adjuvant constructs to a range of different antigens. Overall, this work demonstrates a modular TLRa-SNP adjuvant platform which could improve the design of vaccines for and dramatically impact modern vaccine development. Teaser Saponin-TLRa nanoadjuvants provide distinct immune signatures and drive potent, broad, durable COVID-19 and HIV vaccine responses.
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6
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Pandey KK, Sahoo BR, Pattnaik AK. Protein Nanoparticles as Vaccine Platforms for Human and Zoonotic Viruses. Viruses 2024; 16:936. [PMID: 38932228 PMCID: PMC11209504 DOI: 10.3390/v16060936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are one of the most effective medical interventions, playing a pivotal role in treating infectious diseases. Although traditional vaccines comprise killed, inactivated, or live-attenuated pathogens that have resulted in protective immune responses, the negative consequences of their administration have been well appreciated. Modern vaccines have evolved to contain purified antigenic subunits, epitopes, or antigen-encoding mRNAs, rendering them relatively safe. However, reduced humoral and cellular responses pose major challenges to these subunit vaccines. Protein nanoparticle (PNP)-based vaccines have garnered substantial interest in recent years for their ability to present a repetitive array of antigens for improving immunogenicity and enhancing protective responses. Discovery and characterisation of naturally occurring PNPs from various living organisms such as bacteria, archaea, viruses, insects, and eukaryotes, as well as computationally designed structures and approaches to link antigens to the PNPs, have paved the way for unprecedented advances in the field of vaccine technology. In this review, we focus on some of the widely used naturally occurring and optimally designed PNPs for their suitability as promising vaccine platforms for displaying native-like antigens from human viral pathogens for protective immune responses. Such platforms hold great promise in combating emerging and re-emerging infectious viral diseases and enhancing vaccine efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kush K. Pandey
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (K.K.P.); (B.R.S.)
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Bikash R. Sahoo
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (K.K.P.); (B.R.S.)
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Asit K. Pattnaik
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (K.K.P.); (B.R.S.)
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
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7
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Marin C, Ruiz Moreno FN, Sánchez Vallecillo MF, Pascual MM, Dho ND, Allemandi DA, Palma SD, Pistoresi-Palencia MC, Crespo MI, Gomez CG, Morón G, Maletto BA. Improved biodistribution and enhanced immune response of subunit vaccine using a nanostructure formed by self-assembly of ascorbyl palmitate. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2024; 58:102749. [PMID: 38719107 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2024.102749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
New adjuvant strategies are needed to improve protein-based subunit vaccine immunogenicity. We examined the potential to use nanostructure of 6-O-ascorbyl palmitate to formulate ovalbumin (OVA) protein and an oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) (OCC). In mice immunized with a single dose, OCC elicited an OVA-specific immune response superior to OVA/CpG-ODN solution (OC). Rheological studies demonstrated OCC's self-assembling viscoelastic properties. Biodistribution studies indicated that OCC prolonged OVA and CpG-ODN retention at injection site and lymph nodes, reducing systemic spread. Flow-cytometry assays demonstrated that OCC promoted OVA and CpG-ODN co-uptake by Ly6ChiCD11bhiCD11c+ monocytes. OCC and OC induced early IFN-γ in lymph nodes, but OCC led to higher concentration. Conversely, mice immunized with OC showed higher serum IFN-γ concentration compared to those immunized with OCC. In mice immunized with OCC, NK1.1+ cells were the IFN-γ major producers, and IFN-γ was essential for OVA-specific IgG2c switching. These findings illustrate how this nanostructure improves vaccine's response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Marin
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; CONICET, CIBICI, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Federico N Ruiz Moreno
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; CONICET, CIBICI, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María F Sánchez Vallecillo
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; CONICET, CIBICI, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María M Pascual
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; CONICET, CIBICI, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicolas D Dho
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; CONICET, CIBICI, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniel A Allemandi
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas; CONICET, UNITEFA, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Santiago D Palma
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas; CONICET, UNITEFA, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María C Pistoresi-Palencia
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; CONICET, CIBICI, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María I Crespo
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; CONICET, CIBICI, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cesar G Gomez
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina; CONICET, IPQA, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Morón
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; CONICET, CIBICI, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Belkys A Maletto
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; CONICET, CIBICI, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
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8
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Seifelnasr A, Si X, Xi J. Effects of Nozzle Retraction Elimination on Spray Distribution in Middle-Posterior Turbinate Regions: A Comparative Study. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:683. [PMID: 38794345 PMCID: PMC11124954 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The standard multi-dose nasal spray pump features an integrated actuator and nozzle, which inevitably causes a retraction of the nozzle tip during application. The retraction stroke is around 5.5 mm and drastically reduces the nozzle's insertion depth, which further affects the initial nasal spray deposition and subsequent translocation, potentially increasing drug wastes and dosimetry variability. To address this issue, we designed a new spray pump that separated the nozzle from the actuator and connected them with a flexible tube, thereby eliminating nozzle retraction during application. The objective of this study is to test the new device's performance in comparison to the conventional nasal pump in terms of spray generation, plume development, and dosimetry distribution. For both devices, the spray droplet size distribution was measured using a laser diffraction particle analyzer. Plume development was recorded with a high-definition camera. Nasal dosimetry was characterized in two transparent nasal cavity casts (normal and decongested) under two breathing conditions (breath-holding and constant inhalation). The nasal formulation was a 0.25% w/v methyl cellulose aqueous solution with a fluorescent dye. For each test case, the temporospatial spray translocation in the nasal cavity was recorded, and the final delivered doses were quantified in five nasal regions. The results indicate minor differences in droplet size distribution between the two devices. The nasal plume from the new device presents a narrower plume angle. The head orientation, the depth at which the nozzle is inserted into the nostril, and the administration angle play crucial roles in determining the initial deposition of nasal sprays as well as the subsequent translocation of the liquid film/droplets. Quantitative measurements of deposition distributions in the nasal models were augmented with visualization recordings to evaluate the delivery enhancements introduced by the new device. With an extension tube, the modified device produced a lower spray output and delivered lower doses in the front, middle, and back turbinate than the conventional nasal pump. However, sprays from the new device were observed to penetrate deeper into the nasal passages, predominantly through the middle-upper meatus. This resulted in consistently enhanced dosing in the middle-upper turbinate regions while at the cost of higher drug loss to the pharynx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Seifelnasr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
| | - Xiuhua Si
- Department of Aerospace, Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA 92504, USA;
| | - Jinxiang Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
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9
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Sobral MC, Cabizzosu L, Kang SJ, Feng Z, Ijaz H, Mooney DJ. Modulating Adjuvant Release Kinetics From Scaffold Vaccines to Tune Adaptive Immune Responses. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304574. [PMID: 38739747 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Increasing the potency, quality, and durability of vaccines represents a major public health challenge. A critical parameter that shapes vaccine immunity is the spatiotemporal context in which immune cells interact with antigen and adjuvant. While various material-based strategies demonstrate that extended antigen release enhances both cellular and humoral immunity, the effect of adjuvant kinetics on vaccine-mediated immunity remains incompletely understood. Here, a previously characterized mesoporous silica rod (MPS) biomaterial vaccine is used to develop a facile, electrostatics-driven approach to tune in vivo kinetics of the TLR9 agonist cytosine phosphoguanosine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG). It is demonstrated that rapid release of CpG from MPS vaccines, mediated by alterations in MPS chemistry that tune surface charge, generates potent cytotoxic T cell responses and robust, T helper type 1 (Th1)-skewed IgG2a/c antibody titers. Immunophenotyping of lymphoid organs after MPS vaccination with slow or fast CpG release kinetics suggests that differential engagement of migratory dendritic cells and natural killer cells may contribute to the more potent responses observed with rapid adjuvant release. Taken together, these findings suggest that vaccine approaches that pair sustained release of antigen with rapid release of adjuvants with similar characteristics to CpG may drive particularly potent Th1 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel C Sobral
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Laura Cabizzosu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Shawn J Kang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Zhaoqianqi Feng
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Hamza Ijaz
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - David J Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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10
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Wilson J, Kimmel B, Arora K, Chada N, Bharti V, Kwiatkowski A, Finklestein J, Hanna A, Arner E, Sheehy T, Pastora L, Yang J, Pagendarm H, Stone P, Taylor B, Hubert L, Gibson-Corley K, May J, McLean J, Rathmell J, Richmond A, Rathmell W, Balko J, Fingleton B, Hargrove-Wiley E. Programable Albumin-Hitchhiking Nanobodies Enhance the Delivery of STING Agonists to Potentiate Cancer Immunotherapy. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3243545. [PMID: 38766114 PMCID: PMC11100900 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3243545/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a promising target for potentiating antitumor immunity, but multiple pharmacological barriers limit the clinical utility, efficacy, and/or safety of STING agonists. Here we describe a modular platform for systemic administration of STING agonists based on nanobodies engineered for in situ hitchhiking of agonist cargo on serum albumin. Using site-selective bioconjugation chemistries to produce molecularly defined products, we found that covalent conjugation of a STING agonist to anti-albumin nanobodies improved pharmacokinetics and increased cargo accumulation in tumor tissue, stimulating innate immune programs that increased the infiltration of activated natural killer cells and T cells, which potently inhibited tumor growth in multiple mouse tumor models. We also demonstrated the programmability of the platform through the recombinant integration of a second nanobody domain that targeted programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), which further increased cargo delivery to tumor sites while also blocking immunosuppressive PD-1/PD-L1 interactions. This bivalent nanobody carrier for covalently conjugated STING agonists stimulated robust antigen-specific T cell responses and long-lasting immunological memory, conferred enhanced therapeutic efficacy, and was effective as a neoadjuvant treatment for improving responses to adoptive T cell transfer therapy. Albumin-hitchhiking nanobodies thus offer an enabling, multimodal, and programmable platform for systemic delivery of STING agonists with potential to augment responses to multiple immunotherapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ann Hanna
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center
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11
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Najibi AJ, Lane RS, Sobral MC, Bovone G, Kang S, Freedman BR, Gutierrez Estupinan J, Elosegui-Artola A, Tringides CM, Dellacherie MO, Williams K, Ijaz H, Müller S, Turley SJ, Mooney DJ. Durable lymph-node expansion is associated with the efficacy of therapeutic vaccination. Nat Biomed Eng 2024:10.1038/s41551-024-01209-3. [PMID: 38710838 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-024-01209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Following immunization, lymph nodes dynamically expand and contract. The mechanical and cellular changes enabling the early-stage expansion of lymph nodes have been characterized, yet the durability of such responses and their implications for adaptive immunity and vaccine efficacy are unknown. Here, by leveraging high-frequency ultrasound imaging of the lymph nodes of mice, we report more potent and persistent lymph-node expansion for animals immunized with a mesoporous silica vaccine incorporating a model antigen than for animals given bolus immunization or standard vaccine formulations such as alum, and that durable and robust lymph-node expansion was associated with vaccine efficacy and adaptive immunity for 100 days post-vaccination in a mouse model of melanoma. Immunization altered the mechanical and extracellular-matrix properties of the lymph nodes, drove antigen-dependent proliferation of immune and stromal cells, and altered the transcriptional features of dendritic cells and inflammatory monocytes. Strategies that robustly maintain lymph-node expansion may result in enhanced vaccination outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Najibi
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan S Lane
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Miguel C Sobral
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giovanni Bovone
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shawn Kang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin R Freedman
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joel Gutierrez Estupinan
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alberto Elosegui-Artola
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christina M Tringides
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maxence O Dellacherie
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine Williams
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hamza Ijaz
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sören Müller
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shannon J Turley
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David J Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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Schafer S, Chen K, Ma L. Crosstalking with Dendritic Cells: A Path to Engineer Advanced T Cell Immunotherapy. FRONTIERS IN SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:1372995. [PMID: 38911455 PMCID: PMC11192543 DOI: 10.3389/fsysb.2024.1372995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Crosstalk between dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells plays a crucial role in modulating immune responses in natural and pathological conditions. DC-T cell crosstalk is achieved through contact-dependent (i.e., immunological synapse) and contact-independent mechanisms (i.e., cytokines). Activated DCs upregulate co-stimulatory signals and secrete proinflammatory cytokines to orchestrate T cell activation and differentiation. Conversely, activated T helper cells "license" DCs towards maturation, while regulatory T cells (Tregs) silence DCs to elicit tolerogenic immunity. Strategies to efficiently modulate the DC-T cell crosstalk can be harnessed to promote immune activation for cancer immunotherapy or immune tolerance for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Here, we review the natural crosstalk mechanisms between DC and T cells. We highlight bioengineering approaches to modulate DC-T cell crosstalk, including conventional vaccines, synthetic vaccines, and DC-mimics, and key seminal studies leveraging these approaches to steer immune response for the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sogand Schafer
- Center for Craniofacial Innovation, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kaige Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Leyuan Ma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, US
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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13
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Hartmeier PR, Ostrowski SM, Busch EE, Empey KM, Meng WS. Lymphatic distribution considerations for subunit vaccine design and development. Vaccine 2024; 42:2519-2529. [PMID: 38494411 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Subunit vaccines are an important platform for controlling current and emerging infectious diseases. The lymph nodes are the primary site generating the humoral response and delivery of antigens to these sites is critical to effective immunization. Indeed, the duration of antigen exposure within the lymph node is correlated with the antibody response. While current licensed vaccines are typically given through the intramuscular route, injecting vaccines subcutaneously allows for direct access to lymphatic vessels and therefore can enhance the transfer of antigen to the lymph nodes. However, protein subunit antigen uptake into the lymph nodes is inefficient, and subunit vaccines require adjuvants to stimulate the initial immune response. Therefore, formulation strategies have been developed to enhance the exposure of subunit proteins and adjuvants to the lymph nodes by increasing lymphatic uptake or prolonging the retention at the injection site. Given that lymph node exposure is a crucial consideration in vaccine design, in depth analyses of the pharmacokinetics of antigens and adjuvants should be the focus of future preclinical and clinical studies. This review will provide an overview of formulation strategies for targeting the lymphatics and prolonging antigen exposure and will discuss pharmacokinetic evaluations which can be applied toward vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Hartmeier
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Sarah M Ostrowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Emelia E Busch
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Kerry M Empey
- Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Wilson S Meng
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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14
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Arunachalam AB. Vaccines Induce Homeostatic Immunity, Generating Several Secondary Benefits. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:396. [PMID: 38675778 PMCID: PMC11053716 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The optimal immune response eliminates invading pathogens, restoring immune equilibrium without inflicting undue harm to the host. However, when a cascade of immunological reactions is triggered, the immune response can sometimes go into overdrive, potentially leading to harmful long-term effects or even death. The immune system is triggered mostly by infections, allergens, or medical interventions such as vaccination. This review examines how these immune triggers differ and why certain infections may dysregulate immune homeostasis, leading to inflammatory or allergic pathology and exacerbation of pre-existing conditions. However, many vaccines generate an optimal immune response and protect against the consequences of pathogen-induced immunological aggressiveness, and from a small number of unrelated pathogens and autoimmune diseases. Here, we propose an "immuno-wave" model describing a vaccine-induced "Goldilocks immunity", which leaves fine imprints of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory milieus, derived from both the innate and the adaptive arms of the immune system, in the body. The resulting balanced, 'quiet alert' state of the immune system may provide a jump-start in the defense against pathogens and any associated pathological inflammatory or allergic responses, allowing vaccines to go above and beyond their call of duty. In closing, we recommend formally investigating and reaping many of the secondary benefits of vaccines with appropriate clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun B Arunachalam
- Analytical Sciences, R&D Sanofi Vaccines, 1 Discovery Dr., Swiftwater, PA 18370, USA
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15
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DeJong MA, Wolf MA, Bitzer GJ, Hall JM, Fitzgerald NA, Pyles GM, Huckaby AB, Petty JE, Lee K, Barbier M, Bevere JR, Ernst RK, Damron FH. BECC438b TLR4 agonist supports unique immune response profiles from nasal and muscular DTaP pertussis vaccines in murine challenge models. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0022323. [PMID: 38323817 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00223-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The protection afforded by acellular pertussis vaccines wanes over time, and there is a need to develop improved vaccine formulations. Options to improve the vaccines involve the utilization of different adjuvants and administration via different routes. While intramuscular (IM) vaccination provides a robust systemic immune response, intranasal (IN) vaccination theoretically induces a localized immune response within the nasal cavity. In the case of a Bordetella pertussis infection, IN vaccination results in an immune response that is similar to natural infection, which provides the longest duration of protection. Current acellular formulations utilize an alum adjuvant, and antibody levels wane over time. To overcome the current limitations with the acellular vaccine, we incorporated a novel TLR4 agonist, BECC438b, into both IM and IN acellular formulations to determine its ability to protect against infection in a murine airway challenge model. Following immunization and challenge, we observed that DTaP + BECC438b reduced bacterial burden within the lung and trachea for both administration routes when compared with mock-vaccinated and challenged (MVC) mice. Interestingly, IN administration of DTaP + BECC438b induced a Th1-polarized immune response, while IM vaccination polarized toward a Th2 immune response. RNA sequencing analysis of the lung demonstrated that DTaP + BECC438b activates biological pathways similar to natural infection. Additionally, IN administration of DTaP + BECC438b activated the expression of genes involved in a multitude of pathways associated with the immune system. Overall, these data suggest that BECC438b adjuvant and the IN vaccination route can impact efficacy and responses of pertussis vaccines in pre-clinical mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A DeJong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - M Allison Wolf
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Graham J Bitzer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Jesse M Hall
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Nicholas A Fitzgerald
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Gage M Pyles
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Annalisa B Huckaby
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Jonathan E Petty
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Katherine Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Mariette Barbier
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Justin R Bevere
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Robert K Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - F Heath Damron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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16
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Euliano EM, Pogostin BH, Agrawal A, Yu MH, Baryakova TH, Graf TP, Hartgerink JD, McHugh KJ. A TLR7 Agonist Conjugated to a Nanofibrous Peptide Hydrogel as a Potent Vaccine Adjuvant. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.07.583938. [PMID: 38496534 PMCID: PMC10942436 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.07.583938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns and, in turn, trigger the release of cytokines and other immunostimulatory molecules. As a result, TLR agonists are increasingly being investigated as vaccine adjuvants, though many of these agonists are small molecules that quickly diffuse away from the vaccination site, limiting their co-localization with antigens and, thus, their effect. Here, the small-molecule TLR7 agonist 1V209 is conjugated to a positively-charged multidomain peptide (MDP) hydrogel, K 2 , which was previously shown to act as an adjuvant promoting humoral immunity. Mixing the 1V209-conjugated K 2 50:50 with the unfunctionalized K 2 produces hydrogels that retain the shear-thinning and self-healing physical properties of the original MDP, while improving the solubility of 1V209 more than 200-fold compared to the unconjugated molecule. When co-delivered with ovalbumin as a model antigen, 1V209-functionalized K 2 produces antigen-specific IgG titers that were statistically similar to alum, the gold standard adjuvant, and a significantly lower ratio of Th2-associated IgG1 to Th1-associated IgG2a than alum, suggesting a more balanced Th1 and Th2 response. Together, these results suggest that K 2 MDP hydrogels functionalized with 1V209 are a promising adjuvant for vaccines against infectious diseases, especially those benefiting from a combined Th1 and Th2 immune response. Table of Contents Activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) stimulates a signaling cascade to induce an immune response. A TLR7 agonist was conjugated to an injectable peptide hydrogel, which was then used to deliver a model vaccine antigen. This platform produced antibody titers similar to the gold standard adjuvant alum and demonstrated an improved balance between Th1- and Th2-mediated immunity over alum.
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17
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Jeffreys N, Brockman JM, Zhai Y, Ingber DE, Mooney DJ. Mechanical forces amplify TCR mechanotransduction in T cell activation and function. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2024; 11:011304. [PMID: 38434676 PMCID: PMC10848667 DOI: 10.1063/5.0166848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell immunotherapies, including engineered T cell receptor (eTCR) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapies, have shown efficacy in treating a subset of hematologic malignancies, exhibit promise in solid tumors, and have many other potential applications, such as in fibrosis, autoimmunity, and regenerative medicine. While immunoengineering has focused on designing biomaterials to present biochemical cues to manipulate T cells ex vivo and in vivo, mechanical cues that regulate their biology have been largely underappreciated. This review highlights the contributions of mechanical force to several receptor-ligand interactions critical to T cell function, with central focus on the TCR-peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complex (pMHC). We then emphasize the role of mechanical forces in (i) allosteric strengthening of the TCR-pMHC interaction in amplifying ligand discrimination during T cell antigen recognition prior to activation and (ii) T cell interactions with the extracellular matrix. We then describe approaches to design eTCRs, CARs, and biomaterials to exploit TCR mechanosensitivity in order to potentiate T cell manufacturing and function in adoptive T cell immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yunhao Zhai
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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18
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McBride DA, Jones RM, Bottini N, Shah NJ. The therapeutic potential of immunoengineering for systemic autoimmunity. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024:10.1038/s41584-024-01084-x. [PMID: 38383732 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-024-01084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Disease-modifying drugs have transformed the treatment options for many systemic autoimmune diseases. However, an evolving understanding of disease mechanisms, which might vary between individuals, is paving the way for the development of novel agents that operate in a patient-tailored manner through immunophenotypic regulation of disease-relevant cells and the microenvironment of affected tissue domains. Immunoengineering is a field that is focused on the application of engineering principles to the modulation of the immune system, and it could enable future personalized and immunoregulatory therapies for rheumatic diseases. An important aspect of immunoengineering is the harnessing of material chemistries to design technologies that span immunologically relevant length scales, to enhance or suppress immune responses by re-balancing effector and regulatory mechanisms in innate or adaptive immunity and rescue abnormalities underlying pathogenic inflammation. These materials are endowed with physicochemical properties that enable features such as localization in immune cells and organs, sustained delivery of immunoregulatory agents, and mimicry of key functions of lymphoid tissue. Immunoengineering applications already exist for disease management, and there is potential for this new discipline to improve disease modification in rheumatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A McBride
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ryan M Jones
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nunzio Bottini
- Kao Autoimmunity Institute and Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Nisarg J Shah
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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19
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Liu Q, Chen G, Liu X, Tao L, Fan Y, Xia T. Tolerogenic Nano-/Microparticle Vaccines for Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38323542 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases, allergies, transplant rejections, generation of antidrug antibodies, and chronic inflammatory diseases have impacted a large group of people across the globe. Conventional treatments and therapies often use systemic or broad immunosuppression with serious efficacy and safety issues. Tolerogenic vaccines represent a concept that has been extended from their traditional immune-modulating function to induction of antigen-specific tolerance through the generation of regulatory T cells. Without impairing immune homeostasis, tolerogenic vaccines dampen inflammation and induce tolerogenic regulation. However, achieving the desired potency of tolerogenic vaccines as preventive and therapeutic modalities calls for precise manipulation of the immune microenvironment and control over the tolerogenic responses against the autoantigens, allergens, and/or alloantigens. Engineered nano-/microparticles possess desirable design features that can bolster targeted immune regulation and enhance the induction of antigen-specific tolerance. Thus, particle-based tolerogenic vaccines hold great promise in clinical translation for future treatment of aforementioned immune disorders. In this review, we highlight the main strategies to employ particles as exciting tolerogenic vaccines, with a focus on the particles' role in facilitating the induction of antigen-specific tolerance. We describe the particle design features that facilitate their usage and discuss the challenges and opportunities for designing next-generation particle-based tolerogenic vaccines with robust efficacy to promote antigen-specific tolerance for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xingchi Liu
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tian Xia
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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20
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Ou BS, Baillet J, Picece VCT, Gale EC, Powell AE, Saouaf OM, Yan J, Nejatfard A, Lopez Hernandez H, Appel EA. Nanoparticle-Conjugated Toll-Like Receptor 9 Agonists Improve the Potency, Durability, and Breadth of COVID-19 Vaccines. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3214-3233. [PMID: 38215338 PMCID: PMC10832347 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Development of effective vaccines for infectious diseases has been one of the most successful global health interventions in history. Though, while ideal subunit vaccines strongly rely on antigen and adjuvant(s) selection, the mode and time scale of exposure to the immune system has often been overlooked. Unfortunately, poor control over the delivery of many adjuvants, which play a key role in enhancing the quality and potency of immune responses, can limit their efficacy and cause off-target toxicities. There is a critical need for improved adjuvant delivery technologies to enhance their efficacy and boost vaccine performance. Nanoparticles have been shown to be ideal carriers for improving antigen delivery due to their shape and size, which mimic viral structures but have been generally less explored for adjuvant delivery. Here, we describe the design of self-assembled poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles decorated with CpG, a potent TLR9 agonist, to increase adjuvanticity in COVID-19 vaccines. By controlling the surface density of CpG, we show that intermediate valency is a key factor for TLR9 activation of immune cells. When delivered with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, CpG nanoparticle (CpG-NP) adjuvant greatly improves the magnitude and duration of antibody responses when compared to soluble CpG, and results in overall greater breadth of immunity against variants of concern. Moreover, encapsulation of CpG-NP into injectable polymeric-nanoparticle (PNP) hydrogels enhances the spatiotemporal control over codelivery of CpG-NP adjuvant and spike protein antigen such that a single immunization of hydrogel-based vaccines generates humoral responses comparable to those of a typical prime-boost regimen of soluble vaccines. These delivery technologies can potentially reduce the costs and burden of clinical vaccination, both of which are key elements in fighting a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben S. Ou
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Julie Baillet
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Vittoria C. T.
M. Picece
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Emily C. Gale
- Department
of Biochemistry, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Abigail E. Powell
- Department
of Biochemistry, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford
ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Olivia M. Saouaf
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jerry Yan
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Anahita Nejatfard
- Department
of Biochemistry, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hector Lopez Hernandez
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Eric A. Appel
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford
ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Pediatrics - Endocrinology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Woods
Institute for the Environment, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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21
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Liu T, Si X, Liu L, Ma S, Huang Z, Zhang Y, Song W, Zhang Y, Chen X. Injectable Nano-in-Gel Vaccine for Spatial and Temporal Control of Vaccine Kinetics and Breast Cancer Postsurgical Therapy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3087-3100. [PMID: 38235966 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer, and surgical resection is the first choice for its treatment. With the development of operation techniques, surgical treatment for breast cancer is evolving toward minimally invasive and breast-conserving approaches. However, breast-conserving surgery is prone to an increased risk of cancer recurrence and is becoming a key challenge that needs to be solved. In this study, we introduce a one-shot injectable nano-in-gel vaccine (NIGel-Vax) for postoperative breast cancer therapy. The NIGel-Vax was constructed by mixing protein antigens with PEI-4BImi-Man adjuvant and then encapsulated in a hydrogel made with oxidized dextran (ODEX) and 4-arm PEG-ONH2. Using 4T1 tumor-extracted proteins as antigen, the NIGel-Vax achieved a 92% tumor suppression rate and a 33% cure rate as a postoperative therapy in the 4T1 tumor model. Using the tumor-associated antigen trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP2) protein as the antigen, NIGel-Vax achieved a 96% tumor suppression rate and a 50% cure rate in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) models. This design provides an encouraging approach for breast cancer postoperative management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyuan Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Xinghui Si
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Sheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zichao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Wantong Song
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yingchao Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun 130022, China
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22
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Sobral MC, Mooney DJ. Materials-Based Approaches for Cancer Vaccination. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:179-187. [PMID: 38166245 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines offer the promise of stimulating the immune system to specifically eradicate tumor cells and establish long-term memory to prevent tumor recurrence. However, despite showing benign safety profiles and the ability to generate Ag-specific cellular responses, cancer vaccines have been hampered by modest clinical efficacy. Lessons learned from these studies have led to the emergence of innovative materials-based strategies that aim to boost the clinical activity of cancer vaccines. In this Brief Review, we provide an overview of the key elements needed for an effective vaccine-induced antitumor response, categorize current approaches to therapeutic cancer vaccination, and explore recent advances in materials-based strategies to potentiate cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel C Sobral
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - David J Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA
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23
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Aung A, Irvine DJ. Modulating Antigen Availability in Lymphoid Organs to Shape the Humoral Immune Response to Vaccines. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:171-178. [PMID: 38166252 PMCID: PMC10768795 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Primary immune responses following vaccination are initiated in draining lymph nodes, where naive T and B cells encounter Ag and undergo coordinated steps of activation. For humoral immunity, the amount of Ag present over time, its localization to follicles and follicular dendritic cells, and the Ag's structural state all play important roles in determining the subsequent immune response. Recent studies have shown that multiple elements of vaccine design can impact Ag availability in lymphoid tissues, including the choice of adjuvant, physical form of the immunogen, and dosing kinetics. These vaccine design elements affect the transport of Ag to lymph nodes, Ag's localization in the tissue, the duration of Ag availability, and the structural integrity of the Ag. In this review, we discuss these findings and their implications for engineering more effective vaccines, particularly for difficult to neutralize pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aereas Aung
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Darrell J. Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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24
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Sun P, Cheng B, Ru J, Li X, Fang G, Xie Y, Shi G, Hou J, Zhao L, Gan L, Ma L, Liang C, Chen Y, Li Z. Nano-carrier DMSN for effective multi-antigen vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:11. [PMID: 38167103 PMCID: PMC10763455 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02271-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had a profound impact on the global health and economy. While mass vaccination for herd immunity is effective, emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants can evade spike protein-based COVID-19 vaccines. In this study, we develop a new immunization strategy by utilizing a nanocarrier, dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticle (DMSN), to deliver the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and conserved T-cell epitope peptides (DMSN-P-R), aiming to activate both humoral and cellular immune responses in the host. The synthesized DMSN had good uniformity and dispersion and showed a strong ability to load the RBD and peptide antigens, enhancing their uptake by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and promoting antigen delivery to lymph nodes. The DMSN-P-R vaccine elicited potent humoral immunity, characterized by highly specific RBD antibodies. Neutralization tests demonstrated significant antibody-mediated neutralizing activity against live SARS-CoV-2. Crucially, the DMSN-P-R vaccine also induced robust T-cell responses that were specifically stimulated by the RBD and conserved T-cell epitope peptides of SARS-CoV-2. The DMSN demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and biosafety in vitro and in vivo, along with degradability. Our study introduces a promising vaccine strategy that utilizes nanocarriers to deliver a range of antigens, effectively enhancing both humoral and cellular immune responses to prevent virus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 315302, China
| | - Bingsheng Cheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Jiaxi Ru
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 315302, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Detection and Etiological Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310051, China
| | - Guicun Fang
- Microscopy Core Facility, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Yinli Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 315302, China
| | - Guangjiang Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 315302, China
| | - Jichao Hou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Longwei Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 315302, China
| | - Lipeng Gan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 315302, China
| | - Lina Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Chao Liang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 315302, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Detection and Etiological Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310051, China.
| | - Zhiyong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 315302, China.
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25
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Dang BTN, Kwon TK, Lee S, Jeong JH, Yook S. Nanoparticle-based immunoengineering strategies for enhancing cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2024; 365:773-800. [PMID: 38081328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a groundbreaking strategy that has revolutionized the field of oncology compared to other therapeutic strategies, such as surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. However, cancer complexity, tumor heterogeneity, and immune escape have become the main hurdles to the clinical application of immunotherapy. Moreover, conventional immunotherapies cause many harmful side effects owing to hyperreactivity in patients, long treatment durations and expensive cost. Nanotechnology is considered a transformative approach that enhances the potency of immunotherapy by capitalizing on the superior physicochemical properties of nanocarriers, creating highly targeted tissue delivery systems. These advantageous features include a substantial specific surface area, which enhances the interaction with the immune system. In addition, the capability to finely modify surface chemistry enables the achievement of controlled and sustained release properties. These advances have significantly increased the potential of immunotherapy, making it more powerful than ever before. In this review, we introduce recent nanocarriers for application in cancer immunotherapy based on strategies that target different main immune cells, including T cells, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and tumor-associated macrophages. We also provide an overview of the role and significance of nanotechnology in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Simmyung Yook
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Qu Y, Xu J, Zhang T, Chen Q, Sun T, Jiang C. Advanced nano-based strategies for mRNA tumor vaccine. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:170-189. [PMID: 38239240 PMCID: PMC10792970 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor vaccine is a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy by introducing tumor antigens into the body to activate specific anti-tumor immune responses. Along with the technological breakthroughs in genetic engineering and delivery systems, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) technology has achieved unprecedented development and application over the last few years, especially the emergency use authorizations of two mRNA vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has saved countless lives and makes the world witness the powerful efficacy of mRNA technology in vaccines. However, unlike infectious disease vaccines, which mainly induce humoral immunity, tumor vaccines also need to activate potent cellular immunity to control tumor growth, which creates a higher demand for mRNA delivery to the lymphatic organs and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Here we review the existing bottlenecks of mRNA tumor vaccines and advanced nano-based strategies to overcome those challenges, as well as future considerations of mRNA tumor vaccines and their delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qinjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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27
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Puente AA, Ortega-Rivera OA, Wirth DM, Pokorski JK, Steinmetz NF. Melt Processing Virus-Like Particle-Based Vaccine Candidates into Biodegradable Polymer Implants. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2720:221-245. [PMID: 37775669 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3469-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Melt processing is an emerging production method to efficiently encapsulate proteins into polymeric devices for sustained release. In the context of vaccines, melt processing is well-suited to develop vaccine delivery devices that are stable outside the cold chain and can generate protective immunity from a single dose. We have demonstrated the compatibility of bacteriophage Qβ virus-like particles (VLPs) with hot-melt extrusion (HME) and have leveraged this technology to develop a single-dose vaccine candidate for vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV). Here, we detail the methods for chemically conjugating an HPV peptide epitope from the L2 minor capsid protein to Qβ VLPs to generate HPV-Qβ particles. We outline techniques used to characterize HPV-Qβ particles, and we elaborate on the process to encapsulate HPV-Qβ into biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) implants and discuss methods for the materials characterization of the HPV-Qβ/polymer melts. The methods described could be adapted to other disease targets, i.e., by conjugation of a different peptide epitope, or transferred to other VLP systems suited for conjugation, immune response, or stability during processing. Such VLPs are ideally suited for use in HME, a mature, scalable, continuous, and solvent-free process which can be adapted to mold devices, therefore allowing the processing of the melts into various geometries, such as subcutaneous implants, or self-administrable microneedle patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando A Puente
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Oscar A Ortega-Rivera
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David M Wirth
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan K Pokorski
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Materials Design and Delivery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Institute for Materials Design and Delivery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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28
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Chen K, Jiang M, Liu J, Huang D, Yang YR. DNA nanostructures as biomolecular scaffolds for antigen display. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1921. [PMID: 37562787 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based vaccines offer a multivalent approach for antigen display, efficiently activating T and B cells in the lymph nodes. Among various nanoparticle design strategies, DNA nanotechnology offers an innovative alternative platform, featuring high modularity, spatial addressing, nanoscale regulation, high functional group density, and lower self-antigenicity. This review delves into the potential of DNA nanostructures as biomolecular scaffolds for antigen display, addressing: (1) immunological mechanisms behind nanovaccines and commonly used nanoparticles in their design, (2) techniques for characterizing protein NP-antigen complexes, (3) advancements in DNA nanotechnology and DNA-protein assembly approach, (4) strategies for precise antigen presentation on DNA scaffolds, and (5) current applications and future possibilities of DNA scaffolds in antigen display. This analysis aims to highlight the transformative potential of DNA nanoscaffolds in immunology and vaccinology. This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Nucleic Acid-Based Structures Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Deli Huang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuhe R Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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29
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Li X, You J, Hong L, Liu W, Guo P, Hao X. Neoantigen cancer vaccines: a new star on the horizon. Cancer Biol Med 2023; 21:j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0395. [PMID: 38164734 PMCID: PMC11033713 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy represents a promising strategy for cancer treatment that utilizes immune cells or drugs to activate the patient's own immune system and eliminate cancer cells. One of the most exciting advances within this field is the targeting of neoantigens, which are peptides derived from non-synonymous somatic mutations that are found exclusively within cancer cells and absent in normal cells. Although neoantigen-based therapeutic vaccines have not received approval for standard cancer treatment, early clinical trials have yielded encouraging outcomes as standalone monotherapy or when combined with checkpoint inhibitors. Progress made in high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics have greatly facilitated the precise and efficient identification of neoantigens. Consequently, personalized neoantigen-based vaccines tailored to each patient have been developed that are capable of eliciting a robust and long-lasting immune response which effectively eliminates tumors and prevents recurrences. This review provides a concise overview consolidating the latest clinical advances in neoantigen-based therapeutic vaccines, and also discusses challenges and future perspectives for this innovative approach, particularly emphasizing the potential of neoantigen-based therapeutic vaccines to enhance clinical efficacy against advanced solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Li
- Cell Biotechnology Laboratory, Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300090, China
| | - Jian You
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin 300308, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Liping Hong
- Cell Biotechnology Laboratory, Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300090, China
| | - Weijiang Liu
- Cell Biotechnology Laboratory, Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300090, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Cell Biotechnology Laboratory, Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300090, China
| | - Xishan Hao
- Cell Biotechnology Laboratory, Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300090, China
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
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30
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Gao X, Wang X, Li S, Saif Ur Rahman M, Xu S, Liu Y. Nanovaccines for Advancing Long-Lasting Immunity against Infectious Diseases. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24514-24538. [PMID: 38055649 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases, particularly life-threatening pathogens such as small pox and influenza, have substantial implications on public health and global economies. Vaccination is a key approach to combat existing and emerging pathogens. Immunological memory is an essential characteristic used to evaluate vaccine efficacy and durability and the basis for the long-term effects of vaccines in protecting against future infections; however, optimizing the potency, improving the quality, and enhancing the durability of immune responses remains challenging and a focus for research involving investigation of nanovaccine technologies. In this review, we describe how nanovaccines can address the challenges for conventional vaccines in stimulating adaptive immune memory responses to protect against reinfection. We discuss protein and nonprotein nanoparticles as useful antigen platforms, including those with highly ordered and repetitive antigen array presentation to enhance immunogenicity through cross-linking with multiple B cell receptors, and with a focus on antigen properties. In addition, we describe how nanoadjuvants can improve immune responses by providing enhanced access to lymph nodes, lymphnode targeting, germinal center retention, and long-lasting immune response generation. Nanotechnology has the advantage to facilitate vaccine induction of long-lasting immunity against infectious diseases, now and in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xinlian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Shilin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | | | - Shanshan Xu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
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31
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Christensen D. Head-to-Head Comparison of Novel Vaccine Technologies Comes with a Minefield of Challenges. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:12. [PMID: 38276490 PMCID: PMC10819579 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Modern vaccine development is having a golden period, with a variety of novel subunit technologies being introduced into clinical development in recent years. This opens the opportunity to find the best platform to use for novel vaccine antigen candidates through head-to-head comparative studies. Seldom appreciated is, however, the fact that these different technologies often do not have the same optimal antigen dose ratio, prime-boost regime and peak timepoint for measuring immunity. Instead, the preclinical studies that make the basis for platform selection use standard protocols not optimized for individual vaccines and fail to make selection on an informed basis. Here, I discuss the opportunities we have to optimize vaccine platform technologies through a better understanding of vaccine priming kinetics, the optimal antigen dose and sampling time and location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Christensen
- Adjuvant Systems Research & Development, Croda Pharma, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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32
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Liu HY, Li X, Wang ZG, Liu SL. Virus-mimicking nanosystems: from design to biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8481-8499. [PMID: 37929845 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00138e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine, as an interdisciplinary discipline involving the development and application of nanoscale materials and technologies, is rapidly developing under the impetus of bionanotechnology and has attracted a great deal of attention from researchers. Especially, with the global outbreak of COVID-19, the in-depth investigation of the infection mechanism of the viruses has made the study of virus-mimicking nanosystems (VMNs) a popular research topic. In this review, we initiate with a brief historical perspective on the emergence and development of VMNs for providing a comprehensive view of the field. Next, we present emerging design principles and functionalization strategies for fabricating VMNs in light of viral infection mechanisms. Then, we describe recent advances in VMNs in biology, with a major emphasis on representative examples. Finally, we summarize the opportunities and challenges that exist in this field, hoping to provide new insights and inspiration to develop VMNs for disease diagnosis and treatment and to attract the interest of more researchers from different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, School of Medicine and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, School of Medicine and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, School of Medicine and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, School of Medicine and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
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33
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Fatima N, Zaman U, Zaman A, Zaman S, Tahseen R, Zaman MU. Morphological and Metabolic Criteria of COVID-19 Vaccine Associated Axillary Nodes on 18-Fluorodeouxyglucose PET/CT Imaging in Breast Cancer Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:4053-4057. [PMID: 38156837 PMCID: PMC10909089 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.12.4053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the current era vaccine-associated lymphadenopathy (VAL) is not an uncommon presentation on 18F-FDG PET/CT examinations in patients inoculated with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. In this study, we are presenting data of VAL on 18F-FDG PET/CT regarding its prevalence, temporal response to vaccination and imaging characteristics of VAL. METHODS Seventy-eight (78) consecutive vaccinated breast cancer (BC) patients who had 18FDG PET/CT were retrospectively analyzed. All patients had COVID-19 vaccine shots in contralateral arms and none in breast cancer site axilla (BSA). In 35 patients 18FDG avid nodes were found in vaccine site axilla (VSA). In 25 patients 18FDG avid nodes were found in BSA. Morphological criteria on CT images like size, presence of fatty hila and fat stranding of axillary nodes were analyzed. Metabolic criteria on PET images like SUVmax of nodes and liver as reference were also measured. RESULTS Out of 78 patients, 35 had positive nodes in VSA (45% prevalence) and 25/78 had BSA (33% prevalence). Mean duration of COVID-19 vaccination in each group was 8 ±04 week (non-significant p-value). On CT images, 18FDG avid nodes in VSA were significantly smaller (10 ± 03 mm) and with intact fatty hila without fat stranding than nodes in BSA with loss of fatty hila (25 ±10 mm; p <0.0001). Mean SUVmax of nodes in VSA was significantly lower (2.4 ±1.1) than nodes in BSA (10.2 ±5.5 - p-value <0.0001). Nodes in VSA showed a significant positive linear correlation between size and SUVmax (p-value 0.00001). Similarly, nodes in VSA showed a significant negative linear correlation between duration and SUVmax (p-value 0.00003). In VSA group, 03 patients having SUVmax >2 SD of Hepatic SUVmax were subjected to ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) and turned out to be metastatic in nature. CONCLUSION In COVID-19 vaccinated patients with BC, 18FDG avid nodes in VSA may pose diagnostic challenge. However, morphological (size < 10 mm short axis, intact fatty hila without fat stranding) and metabolic criteria (SUVmax <2.4 with negative correlation with time of inoculation) have higher diagnostic accuracy in resolving the dilemma. Nodes in VSA having SUVmax > 2 SD of hepatic SUVmax should be considered for FNA to rule out possible metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosheen Fatima
- Department of Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Unaiza Zaman
- Department of Heam-Oncology, Oklahoma University, Oklahoma, Pakistan.
| | - Areeba Zaman
- Department of Medicine, Sunny Downstate Medical Center, NY, Pakistan.
| | - Sidra Zaman
- Department of Medicine, Dr Ruth Pfau Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Rabia Tahseen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Maseeh uz Zaman
- Department of Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Xie J, Ye F, Deng X, Tang Y, Liang JY, Huang X, Sun Y, Tang H, Lei J, Zheng S, Zou Y. Circular RNA: A promising new star of vaccine. J Transl Int Med 2023; 11:372-381. [PMID: 38130633 PMCID: PMC10732498 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2023-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of single-stranded RNAs with covalently closed structures. Owing to their not having 3' or 5' ends, circRNAs are highly durable and insusceptible to exonuclease-mediated degradation. Moreover, some circRNAs with certain structures are translatable, making them novel vaccines. Vaccines are efficient tools for immunotherapy, such as for the prevention of infectious diseases and cancer treatment. The immune system is activated during immunotherapy to fight against abnormal allies or invaders. CircRNA vaccines represent a potential new avenue in the vaccine era. Recently, several circRNA vaccines have been synthesized and tested in vitro and in vivo. Our review briefly introduces the current understanding of the biology and function of translatable circRNAs, molecular biology, synthetic methods, delivery of circRNA, and current circRNA vaccines. We also discussed the challenges and future directions in the field by summarizing the developments in circRNA vaccines in the past few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fengxi Ye
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinpei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuhui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jie-Ying Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xufeng Huang
- Department of Data Science and Visualization, Faculty of Informatics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Yuying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hailin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jinsong Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shaoquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou510060, Guangdong Province, China
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yutian Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou510060, Guangdong Province, China
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Zheng Y, Ling Z, Li Z, Zhao P, Wen X, Qu F, Yu H, Chang H. A Rapidly Dissolvable Microneedle Patch with Tip-Accumulated Antigens for Efficient Transdermal Vaccination. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300253. [PMID: 37552862 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Dissolvable microneedles (DMNs) are an attractive alternative for vaccine delivery due to their user-friendly, skin-targeted, and minimally invasive features. However, vaccine waste and inaccurate dosage remain significant issues faced by DMNs, as the skin's elasticity makes it difficult to insert MNs completely. Here, a simple and reliable fabrication method are introduced based on two-casting micromolding with centrifugal drying to create a rapidly DMN patch made of hyaluronic acid. Ovalbumin (OVA), as the model antigens, is concentrated in the tip parts of the DMNs (60% of the needle height) to prevent antigen waste caused by skin elasticity. The time and temperature of the initial centrifugal drying significantly affect antigen distribution within the needle tips, with lower temperature facilitating antigen accumulation. The resulting DMN patch is able to penetrate the skin with enough mechanical strength and quickly release antigens into the skin tissue within 3 min. The in vivo study demonstrates that immunization of OVA with DMNs outperforms conventional vaccination routes, including subcutaneous and intramuscular injections, in eliciting both humoral and cellular immunity. This biocompatible DMN patch offers a promising and effective strategy for efficient and safe vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Zhixin Ling
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Zhiming Li
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Puxuan Zhao
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Xueyu Wen
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Fengli Qu
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Haining Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Hao Chang
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
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Phoka T, Thanuthanakhun N, Visitchanakun P, Dueanphen N, Wanichwecharungruang N, Leelahavanichkul A, Palaga T, Ruxrungtham K, Wanichwecharungruang S. Detachable-dissolvable-microneedle as a potent subunit vaccine delivery device that requires no cold-chain. Vaccine X 2023; 15:100398. [PMID: 37920235 PMCID: PMC10618702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although vaccine administration by microneedles has been demonstrated, delivery reliability issues have prevented their implementation. Through an ex vivo porcine skin experiment, we show visual evidence indicating that detachable dissolvable microneedles (DDMN) can deposit cargo into the dermis with insignificant loss of cargo to the stratum corneum. Using ovalbumin (OVA), a model antigen vaccine, as a cargo, the ex vivo experiments yielded a delivery efficiency of 86.08 ± 4.16 %. At room temperature, OVA could be stabilized for up to 35 days in DDMN made from hyaluronic acid and trehalose. The DDMN matrix could improve the denaturation temperature of the OVA from around 70-120 °C to over 150 °C, as demonstrated by differential scanning calorimetric analysis. In vivo delivery of OVA antigen into the mice's skin via DDMN elicited 10 times higher specific antibody responses compared to conventional intramuscular injection. We envision DDMN as an effective, precise dosing, intradermal vaccine delivery system that may require no cold-chain, offers a dose-sparing effect, and can be administered easily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theerapat Phoka
- Center of Excellence in Materials and Bio-Interfaces, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Peerapat Visitchanakun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Thailand
| | - Narintorn Dueanphen
- The Petrochemistry and Polymer Science Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Thailand
| | - Tanapat Palaga
- Center of Excellence in Materials and Bio-Interfaces, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kiat Ruxrungtham
- Chula Vaccine Research Center (ChulaVRC) and School of Global Health, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Supason Wanichwecharungruang
- Center of Excellence in Materials and Bio-Interfaces, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Wang Y, Wang H. Lymph node targeting for immunotherapy. IMMUNO-ONCOLOGY TECHNOLOGY 2023; 20:100395. [PMID: 37719676 PMCID: PMC10504489 DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2023.100395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy that aims to boost the body's immune responses against pathogens or diseased cells has achieved significant progress for treating different diseases over the past several decades, especially with the success of checkpoint blockades, chimeric antigen receptor T therapy, and cancer vaccines in clinical cancer treatment. Effective immunotherapy necessitates the generation of potent and persistent humoral and T-cell responses, which lies in the ability of modulating and guiding antigen-presenting cells to prime antigen-specific T and B cells in the lymphoid tissues, notably in the lymph nodes proximal to the disease site. To this end, various types of strategies have been developed to facilitate the delivery of immunomodulatory agents to immune cells (e.g. dendritic cells and T cells) in the lymph nodes. Among them, intranodal injection enables the direct exposure of immunomodulators to immune cells in lymph nodes, but is limited by the technical challenge and intrinsic invasiveness. To address, multiple passive and active lymph node-targeting technologies have been developed. In this review, we will provide an overview of different lymph node-targeting technologies developed to date, as well as the mechanism and merits of each approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - H Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois (CCIL), Urbana, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
- Carle College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
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Liu X, Min Q, Song H, Yue A, Li Q, Zhou Q, Han W. Potentiating humoral and cellular immunity using a novel hybrid polymer-lipid nanoparticle adjuvant for HBsAg-VLP vaccine. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:441. [PMID: 37993870 PMCID: PMC10666313 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminium adjuvants are commonly used in vaccines to stimulate the immune system, but they have limited ability to promote cellular immunity which is necessary for clearing viral infections like hepatitis B. Current adjuvants that do promote cellular immunity often have undesired side effects due to the immunostimulants they contain. In this study, a hybrid polymer lipid nanoparticle (HPLNP) was developed as an efficient adjuvant for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine to potentiate both humoral and cellular immunity. The HPLNP is composed of FDA approved polyethylene glycol-b-poly (L-lactic acid) (PEG-PLLA) polymer and cationic lipid 1, 2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP), and can be easily prepared by a one-step method. The cationic optimised vaccine formulation HBsAg/HPLNP (w/w = 1/600) can maximise the cell uptake of the antigen due to the electrostatic adsorption between the vaccine nanoparticle and the cell membrane of antigen-presenting cells. The HPLNP prolonged the retention of the antigen at the injection site and enhanced the lymph node drainage of antigen, resulting in a higher concentration of serum anti-HBsAg IgG compared to the HBsAg group or the HBsAg/Al group after the boost immunisation in mice. The HPLNP also promoted a strong Th1-driven immune response, as demonstrated by the significantly improved IgG2a/IgG1 ratio, increased production of IFN-γ, and activation of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes. Importantly, the HPLNP demonstrated no systemic toxicity during immunisation. The advantages of the HPLNP, including good biocompatibility, easy preparation, low cost, and its ability to enhance both humoral and cellular immune responses, suggest its suitability as an efficient adjuvant for protein-based vaccines such as HBsAg-VLP. These findings highlight the promising potential of the HPLNP as an HBV vaccine adjuvant, offering an alternative to aluminium adjuvants currently used in vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhan Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, No. 1098 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuxia Min
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 157 Jinbi Road, Kunming, 650034, Yunnan, China
| | - Huiping Song
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, No. 1098 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Aochun Yue
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, No. 1098 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
- Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, No. 1098 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, No. 1098 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.
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Bhagchandani SH, Yang L, Maiorino L, Ben-Akiva E, Rodrigues KA, Romanov A, Suh H, Aung A, Wu S, Wadhera A, Chakraborty AK, Irvine DJ. Two-dose "extended priming" immunization amplifies humoral immune responses by synchronizing vaccine delivery with the germinal center response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.20.563479. [PMID: 38045401 PMCID: PMC10690148 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.20.563479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
"Extended priming" immunization regimens that prolong exposure of the immune system to vaccines during the primary immune response have shown promise in enhancing humoral immune responses to a variety of subunit vaccines in preclinical models. We previously showed that escalating-dosing immunization (EDI), where a vaccine is dosed every other day in an increasing pattern over 2 weeks dramatically amplifies humoral immune responses. But such a dosing regimen is impractical for prophylactic vaccines. We hypothesized that simpler dosing regimens might replicate key elements of the immune response triggered by EDI. Here we explored "reduced ED" immunization regimens, assessing the impact of varying the number of injections, dose levels, and dosing intervals during EDI. Using a stabilized HIV Env trimer as a model antigen combined with a potent saponin adjuvant, we found that a two-shot extended-prime regimen consisting of immunization with 20% of a given vaccine dose followed by a second shot with the remaining 80% of the dose 7 days later resulted in increased total GC B cells, 5-10-fold increased frequencies of antigen-specific GC B cells, and 10-fold increases in serum antibody titers compared to single bolus immunization. Computational modeling of the GC response suggested that this enhanced response is mediated by antigen delivered in the second dose being captured more efficiently as immune complexes in follicles, predictions we verified experimentally. Our computational and experimental results also highlight how properly designed reduced ED protocols enhance activation and antigen loading of dendritic cells and activation of T helper cells to amplify humoral responses. These results suggest that a two-shot priming approach can be used to substantially enhance responses to subunit vaccines.
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Kwee BJ, Li X, Nguyen XX, Campagna C, Lam J, Sung KE. Modeling immunity in microphysiological systems. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:2001-2019. [PMID: 38166397 PMCID: PMC10800123 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231215897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a need for better predictive models of the human immune system to evaluate safety and efficacy of immunomodulatory drugs and biologics for successful product development and regulatory approvals. Current in vitro models, which are often tested in two-dimensional (2D) tissue culture polystyrene, and preclinical animal models fail to fully recapitulate the function and physiology of the human immune system. Microphysiological systems (MPSs) that can model key microenvironment cues of the human immune system, as well as of specific organs and tissues, may be able to recapitulate specific features of the in vivo inflammatory response. This minireview provides an overview of MPS for modeling lymphatic tissues, immunity at tissue interfaces, inflammatory diseases, and the inflammatory tumor microenvironment in vitro and ex vivo. Broadly, these systems have utility in modeling how certain immunotherapies function in vivo, how dysfunctional immune responses can propagate diseases, and how our immune system can combat pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Kwee
- Cellular and Tissue Therapy Branch, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Cellular and Tissue Therapy Branch, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Xinh-Xinh Nguyen
- Cellular and Tissue Therapy Branch, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Courtney Campagna
- Cellular and Tissue Therapy Branch, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Johnny Lam
- Cellular and Tissue Therapy Branch, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Kyung E Sung
- Cellular and Tissue Therapy Branch, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
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Jha SK, Imran M, Jha LA, Hasan N, Panthi VK, Paudel KR, Almalki WH, Mohammed Y, Kesharwani P. A Comprehensive review on Pharmacokinetic Studies of Vaccines: Impact of delivery route, carrier-and its modulation on immune response. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116823. [PMID: 37543130 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
The lack of knowledge about the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of vaccines makes former biopharmaceutical optimization difficult. This was shown during the COVID-19 immunization campaign, where gradual booster doses were introduced.. Thus, understanding vaccine ADME and its effects on immunization effectiveness could result in a more logical vaccine design in terms of formulation, method of administration, and dosing regimens. Herein, we will cover the information available on vaccine pharmacokinetics, impacts of delivery routes and carriers on ADME, utilization and efficiency of nanoparticulate delivery vehicles, impact of dose level and dosing schedule on the therapeutic efficacy of vaccines, intracellular and endosomal trafficking and in vivo fate, perspective on DNA and mRNA vaccines, new generation sequencing and mathematical models to improve cancer vaccination and pharmacology, and the reported toxicological study of COVID-19 vaccines. Altogether, this review will enhance the reader's understanding of the pharmacokinetics of vaccines and methods that can be implied in delivery vehicle design to improve the absorption and distribution of immunizing agents and estimate the appropriate dose to achieve better immunogenic responses and prevent toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Kumar Jha
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mohammad Imran
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Laxmi Akhileshwar Jha
- H. K. College of Pharmacy, Mumbai University, Pratiksha Nagar, Jogeshwari, West Mumbai, 400102, India
| | - Nazeer Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Panthi
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, 2007, Australia
| | - Waleed H Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousuf Mohammed
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India; Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
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Chattopadhyay S, Liao YP, Wang X, Nel AE. Use of Stromal Intervention and Exogenous Neoantigen Vaccination to Boost Pancreatic Cancer Chemo-Immunotherapy by Nanocarriers. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1205. [PMID: 37892935 PMCID: PMC10604647 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the formidable treatment challenges of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), considerable progress has been made in improving drug delivery via pioneering nanocarriers. These innovations are geared towards overcoming the obstacles presented by dysplastic stroma and fostering anti-PDAC immune reactions. We are currently conducting research aimed at enhancing chemotherapy to stimulate anti-tumor immunity by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD). This is accomplished using lipid bilayer-coated nanocarriers, which enable the attainment of synergistic results. Noteworthy examples include liposomes and lipid-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles known as "silicasomes". These nanocarriers facilitate remote chemotherapy loading, as well as the seamless integration of immunomodulators into the lipid bilayer. In this communication, we elucidate innovative ways for further improving chemo-immunotherapy. The first is the development of a liposome platform engineered by the remote loading of irinotecan while incorporating a pro-resolving lipoxin in the lipid bilayer. This carrier interfered in stromal collagen deposition, as well as boosting the irinotecan-induced ICD response. The second approach was to synthesize polymer nanoparticles for the delivery of mutated KRAS peptides in conjunction with a TLR7/8 agonist. The dual delivery vaccine particle boosted the generation of antigen-specific cytotoxic T-cells that are recruited to lymphoid structures at the cancer site, with a view to strengthening the endogenous vaccination response achieved by chemo-immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saborni Chattopadhyay
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yu-Pei Liao
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xiang Wang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - André E. Nel
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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43
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Hartmeier PR, Kosanovich JL, Velankar KY, Ostrowski SM, Busch EE, Lipp MA, Empey KM, Meng WS. Modeling the kinetics of lymph node retention and exposure of a cargo protein delivered by biotin-functionalized nanoparticles. Acta Biomater 2023; 170:453-463. [PMID: 37652212 PMCID: PMC10592217 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Generation of protective immunity through vaccination arises from the adaptive immune response developed primarily in the lymph nodes drained from the immunization site. Relative to the intramuscular route, subcutaneous administration allows for direct and rapid access to the lymphatics, but accumulation of soluble protein antigens within the lymph nodes is limited. Subunit vaccines also require immune stimulating adjuvants which may not accumulate in the same lymph nodes simultaneously with antigen. Herein we report the use of biotinylated poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (bNPs) to enhance delivery of a model protein antigen to the lymphatics. bNPs provide dual functionality as adjuvant and vehicle to localize antigens with stimulated immune cells in the same draining lymph node. Using streptavidin as a model antigen, which can be loaded directly onto the bNP surface, we evaluated the kinetics of lymph node occupancy and adaptive immune responses in wildtype C57BL/6 mice. Antigen exposure in vivo was significantly improved through surface loading onto bNPs, and we developed a working kinetic model to account for the retention of both particles and antigen in draining lymph nodes. We observed enhanced T cell responses and antigen-specific B cell response in vivo when antigen was delivered on the particle surface. This work highlights the advantage of combining intrinsic adjuvant and antigen loading in a single entity, and the utility of kinetic modeling in the understanding of particle-based vaccines. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Development of safe and effective subunit vaccines depends on effective formulations that render optimized exposure and colocalization of antigens and adjuvants. In this work, we utilize a nanoparticle system which features self-adjuvanting properties and allows for surface loading of recombinant protein antigens. Using in vivo imaging, we demonstrated prolonged co-localization of the antigen and adjuvant particles in draining lymph nodes and provided evidence of B cell activation for up to 21 days following subcutaneous injection. A pharmacokinetic model was developed as a step towards bridging the translational gap between particulate-based vaccines and observed outcomes. The results have implications for the rational design of particle-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Hartmeier
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Jessica L Kosanovich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Ketki Y Velankar
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Sarah M Ostrowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Emelia E Busch
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Madeline A Lipp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Kerry M Empey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
| | - Wilson S Meng
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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44
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Beukema M, Gong S, Al-Jaawni K, de Vries-Idema JJ, Krammer F, Zhou F, Cox RJ, Huckriede A. Prolonging the delivery of influenza virus vaccine improves the quantity and quality of the induced immune responses in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1249902. [PMID: 37869002 PMCID: PMC10585035 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1249902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Influenza vaccines play a vital role in protecting individuals from influenza virus infection and severe illness. However, current influenza vaccines have suboptimal efficacy, which is further reduced in cases where the vaccine strains do not match the circulating strains. One strategy to enhance the efficacy of influenza vaccines is by extended antigen delivery, thereby mimicking the antigen kinetics of a natural infection. Prolonging antigen availability was shown to quantitatively enhance influenza virus-specific immune responses but how it affects the quality of the induced immune response is unknown. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate whether prolongation of the delivery of influenza vaccine improves the quality of the induced immune responses over that induced by prime-boost immunization. Methods Mice were given daily doses of whole inactivated influenza virus vaccine for periods of 14, 21, or 28 days; the control group received prime-boost immunization with a 28 days interval. Results Our data show that the highest levels of cellular and humoral immune responses were induced by 28 days of extended antigen delivery, followed by 21, and 14 days of delivery, and prime-boost immunization. Moreover, prolonging vaccine delivery also improved the quality of the induced antibody response, as indicated by higher level of high avidity antibodies, a balanced IgG subclass profile, and a higher level of cross-reactive antibodies. Conclusions Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the immune response to influenza vaccination and have important implications for the design and development of future slow-release influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Beukema
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Shuran Gong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Kasem Al-Jaawni
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline J. de Vries-Idema
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Fan Zhou
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rebecca Jane Cox
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anke Huckriede
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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45
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Zhou L, Yi W, Zhang Z, Shan X, Zhao Z, Sun X, Wang J, Wang H, Jiang H, Zheng M, Wang D, Li Y. STING agonist-boosted mRNA immunization via intelligent design of nanovaccines for enhancing cancer immunotherapy. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad214. [PMID: 37693123 PMCID: PMC10484175 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine is revolutionizing the methodology of immunization in cancer. However, mRNA immunization is drastically limited by multistage biological barriers including poor lymphatic transport, rapid clearance, catalytic hydrolysis, insufficient cellular entry and endosome entrapment. Herein, we design a mRNA nanovaccine based on intelligent design to overcome these obstacles. Highly efficient nanovaccines are carried out with machine learning techniques from datasets of various nanocarriers, ensuring successful delivery of mRNA antigen and cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) to targets. It activates stimulator of interferon genes (STING), promotes mRNA-encoded antigen presentation and boosts antitumour immunity in vivo, thus inhibiting tumour growth and ensuring long-term survival of tumour-bearing mice. This work provides a feasible and safe strategy to facilitate STING agonist-synergized mRNA immunization, with great translational potential for enhancing cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenzhe Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Univerisity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zehong Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Univerisity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoting Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Univerisity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zitong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiangshi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Univerisity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Wang
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Univerisity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Univerisity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dangge Wang
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yaping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Univerisity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264000, China
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46
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Mu R, Dong L, Wang C. Carbohydrates as putative pattern recognition receptor agonists in vaccine development. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:845-857. [PMID: 37684173 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants are essential components of modern vaccines. One general mechanism underlying their immunostimulatory functions is the activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of innate immune cells. Carbohydrates - as essential signaling molecules on microbial surfaces - are potent PRR agonists and candidate materials for adjuvant design. Here, we summarize the latest trends in developing carbohydrate-containing adjuvants, with fresh opinions on how the physicochemical characteristics of the glycans (e.g., molecular size, assembly status, monosaccharide components, and functional group patterns) affect their adjuvant activities in aiding antigen transport, regulating antigen processing, and enhancing adaptive immune responses. From a translational perspective, we also discuss potential technologies for solving long-lasting challenges in carbohydrate adjuvant design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Mu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Lei Dong
- School of Life Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
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47
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Ratswohl C, Vázquez García C, Ahmad AUW, Gonschior H, Lebedin M, Silvis CE, Spatt L, Gerhard C, Lehmann M, Sander LE, Kurth F, Olsson S, de la Rosa K. A design strategy to generate a SARS-CoV-2 RBD vaccine that abrogates ACE2 binding and improves neutralizing antibody responses. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350408. [PMID: 37435628 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The structure-based design of antigens holds promise for developing vaccines with higher efficacy and improved safety profiles. We postulate that abrogation of host receptor interaction bears potential for the improvement of vaccines by preventing antigen-induced modification of receptor function as well as the displacement or masking of the immunogen. Antigen modifications may yet destroy epitopes crucial for antibody neutralization. Here, we present a methodology that integrates deep mutational scans to identify and score SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain variants that maintain immunogenicity, but lack interaction with the widely expressed host receptor. Single point mutations were scored in silico, validated in vitro, and applied in vivo. Our top-scoring variant receptor binding domain-G502E prevented spike-induced cell-to-cell fusion, receptor internalization, and improved neutralizing antibody responses by 3.3-fold in rabbit immunizations. We name our strategy BIBAX for body-inert, B-cell-activating vaccines, which in the future may be applied beyond SARS-CoV-2 for the improvement of vaccines by design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Ratswohl
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clara Vázquez García
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ata Ul Wakeel Ahmad
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannes Gonschior
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mikhail Lebedin
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Casper Ewijn Silvis
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Spatt
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Cathrin Gerhard
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif E Sander
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Simon Olsson
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Västra Götalands län, Sweden
| | - Kathrin de la Rosa
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité, Berlin, Germany
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48
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Esrafili A, Kupfer J, Thumsi A, Jaggarapu MMCS, Suresh AP, Talitckii A, Khodaei T, Swaminathan SJ, Mantri S, Peet MM, Acharya AP. Exponentially decreasing exposure of antigen generates anti-inflammatory T-cell responses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.15.558014. [PMID: 37745575 PMCID: PMC10516048 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.15.558014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic debilitating disease characterized by auto-immune reaction towards self-antigen such as collagen type II. In this study, we investigated the impact of exponentially decreasing levels of antigen exposure on pro-inflammatory T cell responses in the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model. Using a controlled delivery experimental approach, we manipulated the collagen type II (CII) antigen concentration presented to the immune system. We observed that exponentially decreasing levels of antigen generated reduced pro-inflammatory T cell responses in secondary lymphoid organs in mice suffering from RA. Specifically, untreated mice exhibited robust pro-inflammatory T cell activation and increased paw inflammation, whereas, mice exposed to exponentially decreasing concentrations of CII demonstrated significantly reduced pro-inflammatory T cell responses, exhibited lower levels of paw inflammation, and decreased arthritis scores in right rear paw. The data also demonstrate that the decreasing antigen levels promoted the induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which play a crucial role in maintaining immune tolerance and suppressing excessive inflammatory responses. Our findings highlight the importance of antigen concentration in modulating pro-inflammatory T cell responses in the CIA model. These results provide valuable insights into the potential therapeutic strategies that target antigen presentation to regulate immune responses and mitigate inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying the antigen concentration-dependent modulation of T cell responses and to explore the translational potential of this approach for the development of novel therapeutic interventions in autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Esrafili
- Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, 85281
| | - Joshua Kupfer
- Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, 85281
| | - Abhirami Thumsi
- Biological Design, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, 85281
| | | | - Abhirami P. Suresh
- Biological Design, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, 85281
| | - Aleksandr Talitckii
- Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, 85281
| | - Taravat Khodaei
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, 85281
| | | | - Shivani Mantri
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, 85281
| | - Matthew M Peet
- Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, 85281
| | - Abhinav P. Acharya
- Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, 85281
- Biological Design, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, 85281
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, 85281
- Materials Science and Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, 85281
- Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, 85281
- Biodesign Center for Biomaterials Innovation and Translation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, 85281
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA, 44106
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49
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Madge HYR, Alexander S, Azuar A, Zhang J, Koirala P, Burne TH, Toth I, Stephenson RJ. Synthetic Anti-Cocaine Nanoaccine Successfully Prevents Cocaine-Induced Hyperlocomotion. J Med Chem 2023; 66:12407-12419. [PMID: 37646732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine is one of the most widely used and increasingly popular illicit psychoactive drugs. Unlike other commonly used substances of abuse, cocaine has no pharmacological therapies to treat addiction or aid in rehabilitation. Immunopharmacology has long been touted as a possible avenue to develop effective anticocaine therapies; however, lack of efficacy and designs which are not consistent with simple large-scale production have hindered vaccine translation. We have designed and synthesized a peptide-based anti-cocaine immunogen which we have shown is capable of inducing physiologically relevant immune responses in mice as part of a self-adjuvanting delivery system or in combination with the human-approved commercial adjuvant MF59. We have demonstrated that immunization with the reported vaccine elicits high titers of anti-cocaine IgG and prevents cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion in an in vivo murine model. This peptide-hapten immunogen along with self-adjuvanting liposomal-based delivery system provides a platform for the development of effective anti-drug vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison Y R Madge
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Suzy Alexander
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Queensland, 4076, Australia
| | - Armira Azuar
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Prashamsa Koirala
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Thomas H Burne
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Queensland, 4076, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Rachel J Stephenson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
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50
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Neeser A, Ramasubramanian R, Wang C, Ma L. Engineering enhanced chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy for solid tumors. IMMUNO-ONCOLOGY TECHNOLOGY 2023; 19:100385. [PMID: 37483659 PMCID: PMC10362352 DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2023.100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The early clinical success and subsequent US Food and Drug Administration approval of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy for leukemia and lymphoma affirm that engineered T cells can be a powerful treatment for hematologic malignancies. Yet this success has not been replicated in solid tumors. Numerous challenges emerged from clinical experience and well-controlled preclinical animal models must be met to enable safe and efficacious CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumors. Here, we review recent advances in bioengineering strategies developed to enhance CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumors, focusing on targeted single-gene perturbation, genetic circuits design, cytokine engineering, and interactive biomaterials. These bioengineering approaches present a unique set of tools that synergize with CAR-T cells to overcome obstacles in solid tumors and achieve robust and long-lasting therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Neeser
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - R. Ramasubramanian
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - C. Wang
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia
| | - L. Ma
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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